# C_2018007EN.01000301.xml

| 10.1.2018 | EN | Official Journal of the European Union | C 7/3 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

10.1.2018

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

C 7/3

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Explanatory Notes to the Combined Nomenclature of the European Union

(2018/C 7/03)

Pursuant to Article 9(1)(a) of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 (1), the Explanatory Notes to the Combined Nomenclature of the European Union (2) are hereby amended as follows:

1

2

On page 125, the explanatory note to subheadings ‘2710 19 11 to 2710 19 29 Medium oils’ is replaced by the following text:

On page 125, the explanatory note to subheadings ‘2710 19 11 to 2710 19 29 Medium oils

| ‘2710 19 11 to 2710 19 29 | Medium oils

  See additional note 2(c) to this chapter.
  Kerosene is used for a wide range of different purposes, for example as fuel for airplanes engines or for heating.
  Kerosene is a medium oil with a distillation range according to the EN ISO 3405 method (equivalent to the ASTM D 86 method) approximately between 130 °C to 320 °C.
  The images attached to this explanatory note are merely indicative of chromatograms of one category of products classifiable in each of the three subheadings concerned.’ |
| --- | --- |

‘2710 19 11 to 2710 19 29

Medium oils

See additional note 2(c) to this chapter.

Kerosene is used for a wide range of different purposes, for example as fuel for airplanes engines or for heating.

Kerosene is a medium oil with a distillation range according to the EN ISO 3405 method (equivalent to the ASTM D 86 method) approximately between 130 °C to 320 °C.

The images attached to this explanatory note are merely indicative of chromatograms of one category of products classifiable in each of the three subheadings concerned.’

On page 125, the explanatory note to subheading ‘2710 19 21 Jet fuel’ is replaced by the following text:

On page 125, the explanatory note to subheading ‘2710 19 21 Jet fuel

| ‘2710 19 21 | Jet fuel

  This subheading covers kerosene type jet fuel. This jet fuel complies with the provisions of additional note 2(c) to this chapter.
  The gas chromatographic profile of kerosene-type jet fuel, for instance the most commonly used jet fuel A-1, is characteristic of an oil obtained by the distillation of a crude oil and also by other petrochemical processes. The chain length of the alkanes varies between about 10 and 18 carbon atoms. The aromatic content may be up to 25 % by volume. Its flash point is generally above 38 °C according to the ISO 13736 method. The freezing point is usually not above –40 °C.
  Jet fuel may contain the following additives: antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, icing inhibitors, tracer dyes.
  GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF JET FUEL TYPE A-1 (KEROSENE) SimDis ASTM D 2887 extended (equivalent to the ISO 3924 method)




  ’ |
| --- | --- |

‘2710 19 21

Jet fuel

This subheading covers kerosene type jet fuel. This jet fuel complies with the provisions of additional note 2(c) to this chapter.

The gas chromatographic profile of kerosene-type jet fuel, for instance the most commonly used jet fuel A-1, is characteristic of an oil obtained by the distillation of a crude oil and also by other petrochemical processes. The chain length of the alkanes varies between about 10 and 18 carbon atoms. The aromatic content may be up to 25 % by volume. Its flash point is generally above 38 °C according to the ISO 13736 method. The freezing point is usually not above –40 °C.

Jet fuel may contain the following additives: antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, icing inhibitors, tracer dyes.

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF JET FUEL TYPE A-1 (KEROSENE) SimDis ASTM D 2887 extended (equivalent to the ISO 3924 method)

Image

Image ’

On page 127, the explanatory note to subheading ‘2710 19 25 Other’ is replaced by the following text:

On page 127, the explanatory note to subheading ‘2710 19 25 Other

| ‘2710 19 25 | Other

  This subheading covers kerosene other than jet fuel. The kerosene of this subheading complies with the provisions of additional note 2(c) to this chapter.
  The gas chromatographic profile of ‘other’ kerosene is characteristic of an oil obtained by the distillation of a crude oil.
  This subheading also includes:






  — | oils used in lamps, with a low aromatic and olefin content to prevent the formation of soot during combustion; |
| --- | --- | --- |

‘2710 19 25

Other

This subheading covers kerosene other than jet fuel. The kerosene of this subheading complies with the provisions of additional note 2(c) to this chapter.

The gas chromatographic profile of ‘other’ kerosene is characteristic of an oil obtained by the distillation of a crude oil.

This subheading also includes:

—

oils used in lamps, with a low aromatic and olefin content to prevent the formation of soot during combustion;

| — | oils with a narrow range of distillation, with a gas chromatographic profile composed only by a fraction of the GC image below. |
| --- | --- |

—

oils with a narrow range of distillation, with a gas chromatographic profile composed only by a fraction of the GC image below.

In some cases chemical markers are present.

This subheading excludes mixtures of kerosene with other mineral oils or organic solvents.

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF KEROSENE OTHER THAN JET-FUEL SimDis ASTM D 2887 extended (equivalent to the ISO 3924 method)

Image

Image ’

On page 129, the explanatory note to subheading ‘2710 19 29 Other’ is replaced by the following text:

On page 129, the explanatory note to subheading ‘2710 19 29 Other

| ‘2710 19 29 | Other

  This subheading covers medium oils other than kerosene of subheadings 2710 19 21 and 2710 19 25. The oils of this subheading comply with the provisions of additional note 2(c) to this chapter.
  Usually, products of this subheading are obtained by one or more chemical-physical processes which can significantly alter the chemical composition of those products so as to make them suitable for certain industrial uses. In certain cases, the modification of molecular composition of those products can be detected using GC or SimDis while for other kinds of products more accurate determinations are necessary (e.g. gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS)).
  An example of a SimDis profile of these oils is represented by n-paraffin as shown below.
  GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF A N-PARAFFIN SimDis ASTM D 2887 extended (equivalent to the ISO 3924 method)






  Another example of products of this subheading are those obtained by a multistep process that includes:






  — | extraction of linear paraffins; |
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‘2710 19 29

Other

This subheading covers medium oils other than kerosene of subheadings 2710 19 21 and 2710 19 25. The oils of this subheading comply with the provisions of additional note 2(c) to this chapter.

Usually, products of this subheading are obtained by one or more chemical-physical processes which can significantly alter the chemical composition of those products so as to make them suitable for certain industrial uses. In certain cases, the modification of molecular composition of those products can be detected using GC or SimDis while for other kinds of products more accurate determinations are necessary (e.g. gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS)).

An example of a SimDis profile of these oils is represented by n-paraffin as shown below.

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF A N-PARAFFIN SimDis ASTM D 2887 extended (equivalent to the ISO 3924 method)

Image

Image

Another example of products of this subheading are those obtained by a multistep process that includes:

—

extraction of linear paraffins;

| — | hydrogenation of the de-paraffinated residue; |
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—

hydrogenation of the de-paraffinated residue;

| — | fractionation by distillation of the hydrogenated and de-paraffinated residue in products with shorter carbon cut. |
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—

fractionation by distillation of the hydrogenated and de-paraffinated residue in products with shorter carbon cut.

These products consist of saturated hydrocarbons, mainly branched and cyclic, with an aromatic content far less than 1 %. An example of a SimDis profile for this kind of products is shown below:

ASTM D2887 extended (equivalent to the ISO 3924 Method)

Boiling point (°C)

Image

| SIMDIS ASTM D 2887 extended correlation to ASTM D 86 |
| --- |
| Recovered | BP | Recovered | BP | Recovered | BP | Recovered | BP |
| Mass % | °C | Mass % | °C | Mass % | °C | Mass % | °C |
| IBP | 234,2 | 30,0 | 241,1 | 70,0 | 246,5 | FBP | 255,9 |
| 5,0 | 240,0 | 40,0 | 242,2 | 80,0 | 247,0 | | |
| 10,0 | 240,9 | 50,0 | 243,4 | 90,0 | 250,8 | | |
| 20,0 | 241,0 | 60,0 | 243,8 | 95,0 | 254,5 | | |

SIMDIS ASTM D 2887 extended correlation to ASTM D 86

Recovered

BP

Recovered

BP

Recovered

BP

Recovered

BP

Mass %

°C

Mass %

°C

Mass %

°C

Mass %

°C

IBP

234,2

30,0

241,1

70,0

246,5

FBP

255,9

5,0

240,0

40,0

242,2

80,0

247,0

10,0

240,9

50,0

243,4

90,0

250,8

20,0

241,0

60,0

243,8

95,0

254,5

The use of GC-MS technique may deliver a profile like that shown below as an example:

| | x-axis: time (minutes) |
| --- | --- |

x-axis: time (minutes)

| | y-axis: relative abundance |
| --- | --- |

y-axis: relative abundance

Image

GC-MS total ion chromatogram (TIC)

This profile has been obtained with the following experimental conditions:

| Column | Zebron ZB5-MS (or similar) |
| --- | --- |
| Column length | 30 m |
| I.D. | 0,25 mm |
| d. f. | 0,25 μm |
| Mass range | 35 - 600 |
| Ion source | 250 °C |
| Start time | 3 min |
| Split rate | 1:60 |
| Injector temperature | 250 °C |
| Injection Volume | 1 μL |
| Transfer Line | 275 °C |
| Temperature program: | |
| Starting temperature | 40 °C |
| Starting time | 3 min |
| Gradient 1 | 2,5 °C/min up to 270 °C |
| Final time | 10 min |

Column

Zebron ZB5-MS (or similar)

Column length

30 m

I.D.

0,25 mm

d. f.

0,25 μm

Mass range

35 - 600

Ion source

250 °C

Start time

3 min

Split rate

1:60

Injector temperature

250 °C

Injection Volume

1 μL

Transfer Line

275 °C

Temperature program:

Starting temperature

40 °C

Starting time

3 min

Gradient 1

2,5 °C/min up to 270 °C

Final time

10 min

This profile shows the following distribution:

| CARBON CUT |
| --- |
| | C10 | C11 | C12 | C13 | C14 | TOTAL |
| n-Paraffins | 0,1 | 0,6 | 4,8 | 1 | 0 | 6,5 |
| Mono-methyl paraffins | 0 | 1,5 | 14,2 | 15,7 | 1,8 | 33,2 |
| Others iso-paraffins | 0 | 0,9 | 10,6 | 20,1 | 0,6 | 32,2 |
| Cyclo-paraffins | 0 | 1,2 | 6,1 | 16,3 | 0,3 | 24,0 |
| Decaline | 0,2 | 2 | 1,4 | 0,6 | 0 | 4,2 |
| TOTAL | 0,3 | 6,2 | 37,1 | 53,7 | 2,7 | 100’ |

CARBON CUT

C10

C11

C12

C13

C14

TOTAL

n-Paraffins

0,1

0,6

4,8

1

0

6,5

Mono-methyl paraffins

0

1,5

14,2

15,7

1,8

33,2

Others iso-paraffins

0

0,9

10,6

20,1

0,6

32,2

Cyclo-paraffins

0

1,2

6,1

16,3

0,3

24,0

Decaline

0,2

2

1,4

0,6

0

4,2

TOTAL

0,3

6,2

37,1

53,7

2,7

100’

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(1)  Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 of 23 July 1987 on the tariff and statistical nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff (OJ L 256, 7.9.1987, p. 1).

1

(2)  OJ C 76, 4.3.2015, p. 1.

2

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