IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS

OF TEXAS

NO. PD-1909-11

MICHAEL JAY BAYS, Appellant

v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS

ON STATE’S PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW

FROM THE SIXTH COURT OF APPEALS

GREGG COUNTY

KELLER, P.J., filed a dissenting opinion in which KEASLER and HERVEY,

JJ., joined.

The issue in this case is no different from whether a recording of a 911 call may be played

to a jury when the contents of the call are otherwise admissible. Statements made during a 911 call

are hearsay, but they may be admissible under one or more hearsay exceptions, such as dying

declaration, excited utterance, or present sense impression. We have upheld the admission of the 1

See Gardner v. State, 306 S.W.3d 274, 288-92 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009) (State argued that 1

statements made in a 911 call were admissible under all three theories. We addressed only whether

the particular 911 call in question qualified as a dying declaration, and we held that it did.).
BAYS DISSENT - 2

testimony of a 911 operator regarding such statements, and if that testimony is admissible, the 2

recording of the call itself is admissible. This practice has occurred in the courts of Texas and in 3

other states.4

By saying, “A statement that meets the requirements of Subsection (a) is not inadmissible

because of the hearsay rule,” Article 38.072 simply creates a hearsay exception, on par with other

types of exceptions such as excited utterances. Although Article 38.072 contemplates that there is 5

a sponsoring witness for an outcry statement, the statute does not specifyhow the sponsoring witness

is to offer the outcry statement. The witness could testify to the contents of the statement, or the

witness could sponsor an electronic recording of the statement. An outcry witness could even

sponsor a written recording, if the child’s outcry were made in writing.6

The Court contends that the outcry statute differs from other hearsay exceptions because the

statute “clearly contemplates the role of an outcry ‘witness’ . . . and is not wholly silent with respect

to how the outcry evidence will be presented at trial.” I must respectfully disagree. Nowhere does 7

the statute refer to “testimony” from an outcry witness. Instead, the statute refers to a “statement”

 See id. 2

See id. It is not clear whether the 911 tape was itself admitted, though it appears possible 3

that it was. See id. at 307 n.6. The Court made no distinction between the tape and testimony about

the tape. See also Dixon v. State, 358 S.W.3d 250, 254 (Tex. App.–Houston [1 Dist.] 2011)(holding st

recording of 911 call admissible over hearsay objection).

See Davis v. Washington, 547 U.S. 813, 818-19 (2006); Estrada v. State, 313 S.W.3d 274, 4

300 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010); Dixon, supra.

 TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 38.072, § 2(b).

5

If a child reveals that she has been sexually assaulted by writing a letter to a relative, I see 6

no justification for excluding the letter from evidence as long as the child is available to testify. 

 Court’s op. at n.17. 7
BAYS DISSENT - 3

by the child and it refers to a witness through whom a party intends to offer “the statement.” The 8

Court contends that this language supports the notion that the child’s outcry statement will be

conveyed “through” the testifying outcrywitness because a witness is someone who testifies in court,

but as Judge Hervey explains in her dissent, this language is broad enough to encompass submitting

materials through a witness. A witness can, for example, take the stand to lay the predicate for a

business record, a videotape, or a defendant’s written confession. 

I can see why a defendant would not want the jury to see and hear exactly what his victim

said when she made her outcry, but it makes no sense to say that a less reliable method of relating

that outcry (oral testimony) is admissible while a more reliable recitation of the outcry (video

recording) is not. With these comments, I join Judge Hervey’s dissenting opinion.

Filed: April 17, 2013

Publish

 See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 38.072, § 2(a), 2(a)(1)(B), 2(b), 2(b)(1)(B). 8