By-Laws



 EXHIBIT 4.8 
  

  
 By-Laws 
  
 of 
  
 PIEDMONT NATURAL GAS COMPANY, INC. 
  

  
 December 12, 2003 
  









	 ARTICLE I. MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
	  	1
			
	 Section 1.1.
	    	Annual Meetings	  	1
	 Section 1.2.
	    	Special Meetings	  	1
	 Section 1.3.
	    	Notice of Meetings	  	1
	 Section 1.4.
	    	Waiver of Notice	  	1
	 Section 1.5.
	    	Quorum	  	1
	 Section 1.6.
	    	Proxies	  	1
	 Section 1.7.
	    	Inspectors	  	1
	 Section 1.8.
	    	Vote of Shareholders	  	2
		
	 ARTICLE II. BOARD OF DIRECTORS
	  	2
			
	 Section 2.1.
	    	Number, Nominations, Election, Term of Office and Qualifications	  	2
	 Section 2.2.
	    	Regular Meetings	  	2
	 Section 2.3.
	    	Special Meetings	  	2
	 Section 2.4.
	    	Quorum and Manner of Acting	  	2
	 Section 2.5.
	    	Resignations	  	3
	 Section 2.6.
	    	Removal of Directors	  	3
	 Section 2.7.
	    	Filling of Vacancies	  	3
	 Section 2.8.
	    	Directors’ Fees	  	3
	 Section 2.9.
	    	Informal Action by Directors	  	3
		
	 ARTICLE III. SPECIAL COMMITTEES
	  	3
			
	 Section 3.1.
	    	Committees	  	3
	 Section 3.2.
	    	Executive Committee	  	3
	 Section 3.3.
	    	Committees’ Fees and Expenses	  	3
		
	 ARTICLE IV. OFFICERS—POWERS AND DUTIES
	  	4
			
	 Section 4.1.
	    	Officers	  	4
	 Section 4.2.
	    	Term of Office	  	4
	 Section 4.3.
	    	Removal of Elected Officers	  	4
	 Section 4.4.
	    	Vacancies	  	4
	 Section 4.5.
	    	Chief Executive Officer	  	4
	 Section 4.6
	    	President	  	4
	 Section 4.7.
	    	Vice-Presidents	  	4
	 Section 4.8.
	    	Secretary	  	5
	 Section 4.9.
	    	Treasurer	  	5
	 Section 4.10.
	    	Additional Powers and Duties	  	5
	 Section 4.11.
	    	Compensation	  	5

  

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	 ARTICLE V. SHARES AND TRANSFERS OF SHARES
	  	5
			
	 Section 5.1.
	    	Share Certificates	  	5
	 Section 5.2.
	    	Transfers of Shares	  	6
	 Section 5.3.
	    	Lost Certificates	  	6
	 Section 5.4.
	    	Record Date	  	6
		
	 ARTICLE VI. INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
	  	7
			
	 Section 6.1.
	    	Definitions	  	7
	 Section 6.2.
	    	Indemnification	  	7
	 Section 6.3.
	    	Determination	  	7
	 Section 6.4.
	    	Advances for Expenses	  	8
	 Section 6.5.
	    	Reliance and Consideration	  	8
	 Section 6.6.
	    	Insurance	  	8
		
	 ARTICLE VII. FISCAL YEAR
	  	8
			
	 Section 7.1.
	    	Fiscal Year	  	8
		
	 ARTICLE VIII. AMENDMENTS
	  	8
			
	 Section 8.1.
	    	Amendment of By-Laws	  	8

  

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 BY-LAWS 
  
 OF 
  
 PIEDMONT NATURAL GAS COMPANY, INC. 
  
 ARTICLE I 
  
 MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS 
  
 Section 1.1. Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of shareholders shall be held on the fourth Friday in February of each year, or, if that date is a legal holiday on the next succeeding day not a legal holiday at 9:30
a.m., or at such time as may be fixed by the Board of Directors, for the election of directors and the transaction of such other business as may come before the meeting. Such meeting shall be held at such place within or without the State of North
Carolina as may be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting. 
  
 Section 1.2. Special Meetings. A special meeting of shareholders may be called at any time and for any purpose or purposes by the Board of Directors and
shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request of the holders of at least eighty per cent of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote in the election of Directors. Each such request shall state the purpose or purposes of each
meeting. 
  
 Section 1.3. Notice of Meetings. Notice of the date,
time, place and purpose of any meeting of shareholders shall be signed by the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary and a copy thereof shall be served upon each shareholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting, either personally or by
mailing the same postage prepaid not less than ten nor more than fifty days before the meeting. If mailed, such notice shall be directed to a shareholder at his or her address as it appears on the record of shareholders, unless he or she shall have
filed with the Secretary a written request that notices intended for him or her be mailed to some other address, in which case it shall be mailed to the address designated in such request. 
  
 Section 1.4. Waiver of Notice. Notice of any meeting of shareholders shall
not be required as to any shareholder who shall attend such meeting in person or by proxy without protesting prior to the conclusion of the meeting the lack of notice of such meeting. If any shareholder shall, in writing, in person or by proxy,
before or after the meeting, submit a waiver of notice of any meeting, notice thereof shall not be required. 
  
 Section 1.5. Quorum. At all meetings of shareholders (except where otherwise provided by statute or by the Articles of Incorporation) the presence, in
person or by proxy, of the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum, a majority of the shares present may adjourn the meeting from time to time until a
quorum shall be present. At any such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called. No notice of an adjourned meeting need be given if the
time and place to which the meeting is adjourned are announced at the meeting to which the adjournment is taken; provided that the new date is not more than 120 days after the date of the original meeting. However, if after the adjournment, the
Board of Directors shall fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder of record on the new record date entitled to notice as specified herein. 
  
 Section 1.6. Proxies. No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of eleven
months from the date of its execution unless the shareholder executing it shall have specified therein a longer period for its duration. 
  
 Section 1.7. Inspectors. The Board of Directors, in advance of any meeting of shareholders, may appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting or
any adjournment thereof. If inspectors are not so appointed, the person presiding at the meeting may, and on the request of any shareholder entitled to vote at the meeting shall, appoint one or more Inspectors. In case any person appointed fails to
appear or act, the 

  

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vacancy may be filled by appointment made by the Board of Directors in advance of the meeting or at the meeting by the chairman of the meeting. Each
inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his or her duties, shall take an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. 
  
 Section 1.8. Vote of Shareholders. Each shareholder having the right to vote
shall be entitled at every meeting of shareholders to one vote for every share standing in his or her name on the record of shareholders. Directors shall be elected as provided in Section 2.1 of Article II, and whenever any other corporate action is
to be taken by vote of the shareholders, it shall, except as otherwise required by statute or by the Articles of Incorporation, be authorized by a majority of votes cast by such voters. 
  
 ARTICLE II 
  
 BOARD OF DIRECTORS 
  
 Section 2.1. Number, Nominations, Election, Term of Office and Qualifications. The number of Directors to serve from time to time shall be determined by a
resolution adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors, but shall not be less than nine (9). Each Director shall be at least twenty-one years of age. Directors shall be elected in the manner and for the terms
provided in the Articles of Incorporation. At each meeting of the shareholders for the election of Directors, at which a quorum is present, the persons receiving a plurality of the votes cast shall be elected. No Director shall be elected at an
annual or special meeting of shareholders unless he or she shall have been nominated to serve as a Director at least sixty (60) days prior to the meeting at which he or she is elected; provided, however, that should any nominee die, indicate his or
her refusal to serve or otherwise become disqualified to serve within said sixty (60) day period, a replacement may be nominated by a majority of the entire Board of Directors, or, upon the failure of the Board to nominate a replacement, by any
shareholder at the meeting at which the disqualified nominee was to have been elected. Directors need not be shareholders of the Corporation. 
  
 Section 2.2. Regular Meetings. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, from time to time, appoint the time and place for holding regular meetings of
the Board, if it be deemed advisable; and such regular meetings may thereupon be held without the giving of any special notice. In case the day appointed for a regular meeting shall fall on a legal holiday, such meeting shall be held on the next
following day not a legal holiday at the regular appointed hour. 
  
 Section 2.3. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held whenever called by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or by any two of the Directors. Notice of any special meeting shall be mailed
to each Director, postage prepaid, addressed to him or her at his or her residence or usual place of business, not later than the second day before the day on which the meeting is to be held, or shall be sent to him or her at such place by telegram,
telefax, telex or similar facsimile means or be delivered personally, or by telephone, not later than the day before the day on which the meeting is to be held. Notice of any meeting of the Board of Directors need not be given, however, to any
Director if waived by him or her in writing or by telegraph, before or after the holding of the meeting, or if he or she shall be present at the meeting without protesting. 
  
 Section 2.4. Quorum and Manner of Acting. Any two Directors in office at the time of any meeting of the Board, but in any
event not less than one-third of the entire Board, shall be present in person to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business; and, except as otherwise required by statute or by the Articles of Incorporation, the vote of a majority of the
Directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors. In the absence of a quorum, a majority of the Directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time and no notice of any adjourned
meeting need be given. Any one or more members of the Board may participate in any meeting of the Board by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment allowing all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other at
the same time. Participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting. 
  

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 Section 2.5. Resignations. Any Director may resign at any time either by oral tender of resignation at
any meeting of the Board or by giving written notice thereof to the Secretary. Such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therefor, and unless otherwise specified with respect thereto, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be
necessary to make it effective. 
  
 Section 2.6. Removal of
Directors. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding, any Director, or the entire Board of Directors, may be removed from office at any time for cause by the affirmative vote of at least 80% of the
outstanding shares entitled to vote in the election of Directors. 
  
 Section 2.7. Filling of Vacancies. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding, newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of Directors may be filled by vote of
the Board of Directors. If the number of Directors then in office is less than a quorum, such newly-created directorships and vacancies may be filled by a majority of the Directors then in office. Any Director elected to fill a vacancy shall hold
office until the next annual meeting of shareholders. In no case shall a decrease in the number of Directors shorten the term of any incumbent Director. 
  
 Section 2.8. Directors’ Fees. In consideration of his or her serving in such capacity, each Director of the Corporation who is not a full-time
officer shall receive an annual fee and such additional fees in such amounts and payable in such installments as the Board of Directors, by vote of the majority of the entire Board, may from time to time determine. Members of the Board of Directors
shall be entitled to reimbursement of reasonable expenses incurred for attendance at regular or special meetings of the Board of Directors. 
  
 Section 2.9. Informal Action by Directors. Action taken by all of the Directors without a meeting is nevertheless Board action if written consent to the
action is signed by all the Directors and filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board, whether done before or after the action so taken. 
  
 ARTICLE III 
  
 SPECIAL COMMITTEES 
  
 Section 3.1. Committees. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board, may from time to time designate from among its
members committees, each consisting of three or more Directors, for any purpose or purposes and may delegate to any such committee such powers as the Board may deem expedient. 
  
 Section 3.2. Executive Committee. The Board of Directors may, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board,
designate from among its members an Executive Committee consisting of three or more Directors which shall be empowered to perform such functions as may be delegated to it by the Board subject to applicable statutory requirements. The Executive
Committee shall elect its own chairman and shall appoint its own Secretary, and shall have full power and authority to make rules for the conduct of its business, including notices required to be given in connection with regular or special meetings
of the Executive Committee. A majority of the Executive Committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the vote of a majority of those present at a meeting, at which a quorum is present, shall be the act of the Executive
Committee. The members of the Executive Committee shall act only as a committee, and the individual members shall have no power as such. The Executive Committee shall keep minutes of its proceedings and shall submit the same from time to time to the
Board of Directors. Any vacancy in the Executive Committee shall be filled by a vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors. 
  
 Section 3.3. Committees’ Fees and Expenses. In consideration of his or her serving in such capacity, each member of any committee who is not a
salaried officer of the Corporation may be compensated in such amount as the Board of Directors, by vote of the majority of the entire Board, may from time to time determine. Members of the committees shall be entitled to reimbursement of reasonable
expenses incurred for attendance at regular or special meetings of the committees. 
  

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 ARTICLE IV 
  
 OFFICERS—POWERS AND DUTIES 
  
 Section 4.1. Officers. The elected officers of the Corporation shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Secretary
and a Treasurer. There may also be elected one or more Vice-Presidents. The Board of Directors may appoint a General Manager, one or more Assistant Vice-Presidents, one or more Assistant Secretaries, one or more Assistant Treasurers, and such other
officers and agents as may from time to time appear to be necessary or advisable in the conduct of the affairs of the Corporation. Any two of the aforesaid officers may be held by the same person, except that the office of Chief Executive Officer
and the office of Secretary and the office of President and the office of Secretary may not be held by the same person. 
  
 Section 4.2. Term of Office. So far as practicable, all elected officers shall be elected at the first meeting of the Board held following the annual
meeting of shareholders in each year and shall hold office until the organization meeting of the Board in the next subsequent year and until their respective successors are elected and qualify. All other officers shall hold office during the
pleasure of the Board. 
  
 Section 4.3. Removal of Elected
Officers. Any elected officer may be removed at any time, either for or without cause, by vote of a majority of the whole Board of Directors at any meeting. 
  
 Section 4.4. Vacancies. If any vacancy occurs in any office, the Board of Directors may elect or appoint a successor to fill such vacancy for the
remainder of the term. 
  
 Section 4.5. Chief Executive Officer.
The Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation and, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, shall have general and active control of all of the affairs and business of the
Corporation. He or she shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may be assigned to him or her from time to time by the Board. The Chief Executive Officer shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are
put into effect. Unless the Board of Directors shall have designated another person for such purpose, he or she shall preside at all meetings of shareholders. In the event that the Board shall not have elected a Chairman of the Board of Directors or
a Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors or shall have elected one or more of such positions and neither of such positions shall be present, the Chief Executive Officer shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors. Subject to the control
of the Board of Directors, he or she shall have the power to sign in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, bonds, notes, deeds and any and all contracts and other instruments of a contractual nature pertaining to matters which arise in the
normal conduct and ordinary course of the business of the Corporation; and to appoint and fix the compensation of all employees and agents whose appointment is not otherwise provided for, and to remove or suspend the same. 
  
 Section 4.6. President. The President of the Corporation shall be the chief
operating officer of the Corporation and shall perform such duties and have such powers as necessary or appropriate to carry out the day-to-day operations of the Company. He or she shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may be
assigned to him or her from time to time by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. Subject to the control of the Board of Directors and the Chief Executive Officer, he or she shall have the power to sign in the name and on behalf of
the Corporation, bonds, notes, deeds and any and all contracts and other instruments of a contractual nature which arise in the ordinary conduct and ordinary course of the business of the Corporation. In the event that the Board shall not have
appointed a Chief Executive Officer, the President shall perform all of the duties and shall have all of the powers of the Chief Executive Officer. 
  
 Section 4.7. Vice-Presidents. The several Vice-Presidents shall perform such duties and have such powers as shall be assigned to them from time to time by
the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President. In case of the absence or disability of the President, his or her duties and powers shall be exercised and performed by the several Vice-Presidents acting in his or her place in
such order of seniority as the Board of Directors may prescribe from time to time. 
  

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 Section 4.8. Secretary. The Secretary shall attend to the giving of notice of meetings of the
shareholders and of the Board of Directors, respectively, and shall keep and attest true records of all proceedings at such meetings and shall have charge of the corporate seal and, when authorized by the Board of Directors, shall have authority to
attest any and all instruments or writings to which the same may be affixed. He or she shall keep and account for all books, documents, papers and records of the Corporation, except those which are herein directed to be in the charge of the
Treasurer. He or she shall have authority to sign stock certificates and shall generally perform all the duties usually appertaining to the office of secretary of a corporation. In the absence of the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary or Secretary
pro tempore shall perform his or her duties. 
  
 Section
4.9. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the care and custody of all moneys and funds of the Corporation, and shall deposit or cause to be deposited all funds of the Corporation in and with such depositaries as the Board of Directors shall designate
from time to time. He or she shall have power to sign stock certificates, to endorse for deposit or collection, or otherwise, all checks, drafts, notes, bills of exchange or other commercial paper payable to the Corporation, and to give proper
receipts or discharges therefor. He or she shall keep accurate books of account relating to the moneys and financial affairs of the Corporation and shall render an account of the Corporation’s funds, whenever required so to do by the Board of
Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. In the absence of the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer shall perform his or her duties. 
  
 Section 4.10. Additional Powers and Duties. In addition to the foregoing especially enumerated duties and powers, the several officers of the Corporation
shall perform such other duties and exercise such further powers as may be provided in these By-Laws or as the Board of Directors may, from time to time, determine, or as may be assigned to them by any competent superior officer. 
  
 Section 4.11. Compensation. The compensation of all elected officers of the
Corporation shall be fixed, from time to time, by the Board of Directors; and the compensation of all appointed officers shall be fixed, or the method of so doing shall be provided, from time to time, by the Board of Directors. 
  
 ARTICLE V 
  
 SHARES AND TRANSFERS OF SHARES 
  
 Section 5.1. Share Certificates. Certificates of shares shall be in such form
as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe, and shall be signed by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice-President, and by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or an
Assistant Treasurer, and sealed with the corporate seal or a facsimile thereof. The signatures of the officers upon a certificate may be facsimiles if the certificate is countersigned by a Transfer Agent or registered by a Registrar other than the
Corporation or its employees. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the
same effect as if he or she were such officer at the date of issue. 
  
 The Certificates shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified; and the name and address of the persons to whom they are issued, with the number of shares and the date of issue, shall be entered on the stock transfer books of the
Corporation. Such information may be stored or retained on discs, tapes, cards or any other approved storage device relating to data processing equipment; provided that such device is capable of reproducing all information contained therein in
legible and understandable form, for inspection by shareholders or for any other corporate purpose. Such certificates shall indicate thereon a reference to any and all restrictive conditions imposed on the shares represented thereby. 
  
 The Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of some or all of the
shares of the Corporation, or some or all of any class of shares, without certificates. When shares are not represented by certificates, then 

  

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within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of such shares, the Corporation shall send the shareholder to whom such shares have been issued or
transferred a written statement of the information required by the Act to be on certificates. The Board of Directors shall comply with N.C.G.S. § 25-4-408 with respect to all uncertified shares. 
  
 Section 5.2. Transfers of shares. Shares may be transferred on the books of
the Corporation by delivery of the certificates therefor, accompanied either by an assignment in writing on the back of the certificates or by written power of attorney to assign and transfer the same, signed by the record holders thereof; but no
transfer shall affect the right of the Corporation to pay any dividend upon the shares to the holder of record thereof, or to treat the holder of record as the holder in fact thereof for all purposes, and no transfer shall be valid, except between
the parties thereto, until such transfer shall have been made upon the books of the Corporation. 
  
 Section 5.3. Lost Certificates. In case any certificate representing shares shall be lost, stolen or destroyed, the Board of Directors, in its discretion,
may authorize the issue of a substitute certificate in place of the certificate so lost, stolen or destroyed; provided that, in each such case, the applicant for a substitute certificate shall furnish to the Corporation evidence satisfactory to it
of the loss, theft or destruction of such certificate and of the ownership thereof, and also security or indemnity satisfactory to it. 
  
 Section 5.4. Record Date. The Board of Directors may fix a time, not exceeding fifty days preceding the date fixed for the payment of any dividend or for
the making of any distribution, or for the delivery of evidences of rights or evidences of interests arising out of any change, conversion or exchange of capital stock, as a record time for the determination of the shareholders entitled to receive
any such dividend, distribution, rights or interests, and in such case only shareholders of record at the time so fixed shall be entitled to receive such dividend, distribution, rights or interests. 
  
 ARTICLE VI 
  
 INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

  
 Section 6.1. Definitions. For purposes of this Article, the
following definitions shall apply: 
  
 (a)
“Corporation” means the Corporation and all “predecessors” thereof, as such term is defined in Section 55-8-50(b)(1) of the Act. 
  
 (b) “Director” means an individual who is or was a director of the Corporation or an individual who, while a director of the
Corporation, is or was serving at the Corporation’s request as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent or another foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan, or other enterprise. A
director is considered to be serving an employee benefit plan at the Corporation’s request if such director’s duties to the Corporation also impose duties on, or otherwise involve services by, the director to the plan or to participants in
or beneficiaries of the plan. “Director” includes, unless the context requires otherwise, the estate or personal representative of a director. 
  
 (c) “Expenses” means expenses of every kind incurred in defending a Proceeding, including, but not limited to, legal,
accounting, expert and investigatory fees and expenses. 
  
 (d) “Indemnified Officer” shall mean each officer of the Corporation who is also a director of the Corporation and each other officer of the Corporation who is designated by the Board of Directors from time
to time as an Indemnified Officer. An Indemnified Officer shall be entitled to indemnification hereunder to the same extent as a Director, including, without limitation, indemnification with respect to service by the Indemnified Officer at the
Corporation’s request as a director, officer, partner, 

  

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trustee, employee or agent of another foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise.

  
 (e) “Liabilities” means any
obligation to pay any or all of the following: a judgment, a settlement, a penalty, a fine (including an excise tax assessed with respect to an employee benefit plan) and reasonable expenses, including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees of
opposing parties incurred with respect to a Proceeding. 
  
 (f) “Proceeding” means any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, whether formal or informal, and any appeal therein (and any
inquiry or investigations that could lead to such a proceeding). 
  
 Section 6.2. Indemnification. In addition to, and not in any way in limitation of, all indemnification rights and obligations otherwise provided by law, the Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless its Directors and Indemnified
Officers against all Liabilities and Expenses in any Proceeding (including, without limitation, a Proceeding brought by or on behalf of the Corporation itself) arising out of their status as Directors or officers, or their service at the
Corporation’s request as a Director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent of another foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, or their activities in any such
capacity; provided, however, that the Corporation shall not indemnify a Director or an Indemnified Officer against Liabilities or Expenses that such person may incur on account of activities of such person which at the time taken were known or
believed by him or her, or a reasonable person would have or should have known, to be clearly in conflict with the best interests of the Corporation. 
  
 The Corporation shall also indemnify each Director and Indemnified Officer for his or her reasonable costs, expenses and attorneys’ fees incurred in
connection with the enforcement of the rights to indemnification granted herein, if it is determined in accordance with Section 6.3 that the Director or Indemnified Officer is entitled to indemnification hereunder. 
  
 The Board of Directors shall have the authority to adopt such resolutions
pertaining to the implementation of this Section as it may from time to time determine, and such resolutions shall be given full effect, even though they supplement, amplify or go beyond the provisions of this Section, provided and to the extent
such resolution does not violate any provision of the Act or the Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation. This Section shall be construed in a manner to fully effect the purpose and intent of the resolution of the Corporation’s Board of
Directors approving and adopting this provision. 
  
 Section 6.3.
Determination. Any indemnification under Section 6.2 shall be paid by the Corporation in a specific case only after a determination that the Director or Indemnified Officer has met the standard of conduct set forth in Section 6.2. Such determination
shall be made: 
  
 (a) by the Board of Directors
by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors not at the time parties to the Proceeding; 
  
 (b) if a quorum cannot be obtained under paragraph (a), by a majority vote of a committee duly designated by the Board of Directors (in
which vote directors who are parties to the Proceeding may participate), consisting solely of two or more directors not at the time parties to the Proceeding; 
  

(c) by special legal counsel (i) selected by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof in the manner prescribed in paragraph (a) or
(b); or (ii) if a quorum of the Board of Directors cannot be obtained under paragraph (a) and a committee cannot be designated under paragraph (b), selected by a majority vote of the full Board of Directors (in which selection directors who are
parties in the Proceeding may participate); or 
  
 (d) by the shareholders, but shares owned by or voted under the control of directors who are at the time parties to the Proceeding may not be voted on the determination. The Board of Directors 

  

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shall take all such action as may be necessary and appropriate to enable the Corporation to pay the indemnification required by this Article. 
  
 Section 6.4. Advances for Expenses. The Expenses incurred by a Director or an
Indemnified Officer in defending a Proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding as authorized by the Board of Directors in the specific case upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the
Director or Indemnified Officer to repay such amount unless it shall ultimately be determined that such person is entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation against such Expenses. Subject to receipt of such undertaking, the Corporation shall make
reasonable periodic advances for Expenses pursuant to this Section, unless the Board of Directors shall determine, in the manner provided in Section 6.3 and based on the facts then known, that indemnification under this Article is or will be
precluded. 
  
 Section 6.5. Reliance and Consideration. Any
Director or Indemnified Officer who at any time after the adoption of this Article serves or has served in any of the aforesaid capacities for or on behalf of the Corporation shall be deemed to be doing or to have done so in reliance upon, and as
consideration for, the right of indemnification provided herein. Such right, however, shall not be exclusive of any other rights to which such person may be entitled apart from the provisions of this Article. No amendment, modification or repeat of
this Article shall adversely affect the right of any Director or Indemnified Officer to indemnification hereunder with respect to any activities occurring prior to the time of such amendment, modification or repeal. 
  
 Section 6.6. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance
on behalf of its directors, officers, employees and agents and those persons who were or are serving at the request of the Corporation in any capacity with another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other
enterprise against any liability asserted against or incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under
the provisions of this Article or otherwise. Any full or partial payment made by an insurance company under any insurance policy covering any director, officer, employee, agent or other person indemnified above made to or on behalf of a person
entitled to indemnification under this Article shall relieve the Corporation of its liability for indemnification provided for in this Article or otherwise to the extent of such payment, and no insurer shall have a right of subrogation against the
Corporation with respect to such payment. 
  
 ARTICLE VII

  
 FISCAL YEAR 
  
 Section 7.1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be the
twelve months ended October 31. 
  
 ARTICLE VIII 
  
 AMENDMENTS 
  
 Section 8.1. Amendments of By-Laws. The By-Laws of the Corporation shall be
subject to alteration or repeal, and new By-Laws may be adopted by (i) the affirmative vote of at least 80% of the outstanding shares entitled to vote in the election of Directors or by (ii) a majority of the entire Board of Directors at any meeting
at which a quorum is present; provided that the Board of Directors shall not have power to adopt any By-Law, or expand the authorization conferred by any By-Law, which by statute only the shareholders have power to so adopt or expand. Any By-Law
adopted by the Board of Directors may be amended or repealed by shareholders entitled to vote thereon as herein provided; and any By-Law adopted by the shareholders may be amended or repealed by the Board of Directors except as limited by statute as
above provided and except when the shareholders have expressly provided otherwise with respect to any particular By-Law. Further provided, in each case, that notice of the proposed amendment shall have been contained in the notice of the meeting.

  

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