# Patent

## Title
Golf club

## Abstract

The club length of a golf club is 43 inches or greater and 48 inches or less. A club inertia moment Ix about a swing axis is equal to or less than 6.90×103 (kg·cm2). A ratio (Ihs/Ix) is equal to or greater than 0.88, if a head inertia moment about the swing axis is defined as Ihs (kg·cm2). The inertia moment Ix (kg·cm2) is calculated by Equation (1) below, and the inertia moment Ihs (kg·cm2) is calculated by Equation (2) below:

Ix=Wc×(Lc+60)2+Ic  (1)

Ihs=Wh×(Lh+60)2+Ih  (2).

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE
The present application is a 37 C.F.R. §1.53(b) continuation of, and claims priority to, U.S. application Ser. No. 14/336,131, filed Jul. 21, 2014. Priority is also claimed to Japanese Application No. 2013-151266 filed on Jul. 22, 2013 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-030666 filed on Feb. 20, 2014, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a golf club.
Description of the Related Art
It is a flight distance that is an important item to evaluate a golf club.
The invention that aims for increasing a flight distance is proposed. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-201911 discloses a wood club in which the mass ratio of a head occupied in the total mass of the golf club is 73% or more and 81% or less. The kinetic energy of the head can be increased because of a large mass of the head. The initial velocity of a ball can be increased because of the collision against the head having a large kinetic energy.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
When a head weight is simply increased, the head speed is decreased. It is not easy to swing a club whose head weight is simply increased.
Demand for an increase in a flight distance is has more and more increased. The present invention enables an increase in a flight distance based on technical ideas different from previously existing ones.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a golf club easy to take a swing and excellent in a flight distance performance.
A golf club according to a preferred aspect of the present invention includes a head, a shaft, and a grip. A club length is 43 inches or greater and 48 inches or less. A club inertia moment Ix about a swing axis is equal to or less than 6.90×103 (kg·cm2). If a head inertia moment about the swing axis is defined as Ihs (kg·cm2), a ratio (Ihs/Ix) is equal to or greater than 0.88.
If a club weight is defined as Wc (kg), a head weight is defined as Wh (kg), an axial direction distance from a grip end to a center of gravity of the club is defined as Lc (cm), an axial direction distance from the grip end to a center of gravity of the head is defined as Lh (cm), a club inertia moment about the center of gravity of the club is defined as Ic (kg·cm2), and a head inertia moment about the center of gravity of the head is defined as Ih (kg·cm2)
The inertia moment Ix (kg·cm2) is calculated by Equation (1) below, and the inertia moment Ihs (kg·cm2) is calculated by Equation (2) below:

Ix=Wc×(Lc+60)2+Ic  (1)

Ihs=Wh×(Lh+60)2+Ih  (2).

If a shaft weight is defined as Ws (kg), an axial direction distance from the grip end to a center of gravity of the shaft is defined as Ls (cm), and a shaft inertia moment about the center of gravity of the shaft is defined as Is (kg·cm2), preferably, a shaft inertia moment Iss about the swing axis (kg·cm2) is equal to or less than 700. The inertia moment Iss is calculated by Equation (3) below:

Iss=Ws×(Ls+60)2+Is  (3).

If a grip weight is defined as Wg (kg), an axial direction distance from the grip end to a center of gravity of the grip is defined as Lg (cm), and a grip inertia moment about the center of gravity of the grip is defined as Ig (kg·cm2), preferably, a grip inertia moment Igs about the swing axis (kg·cm2) is equal to or less than 150.
The inertia moment Igs is calculated by Equation (4) below:

Igs=Wg×(Lg+60)2+Ig  (4).




BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a golf club according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a development view of prepreg sheets configuring a shaft used in the club illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an illustration of the club inertia moment about a swing axis;
FIG. 4 is an illustration of the head inertia moment about the swing axis;
FIG. 5 is an illustration of the shaft inertia moment about the swing axis; and
FIG. 6 is an illustration of the grip inertia moment about the swing axis.



DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In the following, the present invention will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments with appropriate reference to the drawings.
It is noted that in the present application, the term “axial direction” means the axial direction of a shaft.
A golf club 2 illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a head 4, a shaft 6, and a grip 8. The head 4 is mounted on the tip end part of the shaft 6. The grip 8 is mounted on the butt end part of the shaft 6. The head 4 has a hollow structure. The head 4 is a wood type. The golf club 2 is a driver (a number 1 wood).
The embodiment is effective in improving a flight distance performance. Preferably, the club length is equal to or greater than 43 inches. From these viewpoints, preferably, the head 4 is a wood type golf club head. Preferably, the golf club 2 is a wood type golf club.
The shaft 6 is formed of a laminate of fiber reinforced resin layers. The shaft 6 has a tubular body. The shaft 6 has a hollow structure. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the shaft 6 includes a tip end Tp and a butt end Bt. The tip end Tp is located in the head 4. The butt end Bt is located in the grip 8.
In FIG. 1, a two-directional arrow Lf2 expresses a shaft length. The shaft length Lf2 is an axial direction distance between the tip end Tp and the butt end Bt. In FIG. 1, a two-directional arrow Lf1 expresses an axial direction distance from the tip end Tp to the center of gravity Gs of a shaft. The center of gravity Gs of the shaft means the center of gravity of the shaft 6 alone. The center of gravity Gs is located on the shaft axis. In FIG. 1, a two-directional arrow L1 expresses the club length. A measurement method for the club length L1 will be described later.
The shaft 6 is a so-called carbon shaft. Preferably, the shaft 6 is formed by curing prepreg sheets. In the prepreg sheet, fibers are aligned substantially in one direction. The prepreg in which fibers are aligned substantially in one direction is also referred to as a UD prepreg. “UD” stands for a uni-direction. It may be fine to use a prepreg other than the UD prepreg. For example, the prepreg sheet may include woven fiber.
The prepreg sheet includes fiber and a resin. The resin is also referred to as a matrix resin. Typically, the fiber is carbon fiber. Typically, the matrix resin is a thermosetting resin.
The shaft 6 is manufactured by a so-called sheetwinding method. In the prepreg, the matrix resin is in a semi-cured state. The shaft 6 is formed by winding and curing prepreg sheets.
The matrix resin used for the prepreg sheet can be an epoxy resin, or a thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin other than epoxy resins. From the viewpoint of shaft strength, epoxy resins are preferably the matrix resin.
A method for manufacturing the shaft 6 is not limited. From the viewpoint of weight reduction and the degree of freedom for design, a shaft manufactured by a sheetwinding method is preferable.
FIG. 2 is a development view of prepreg sheets configuring the shaft 6 (a configuration diagram of sheets). The shaft 6 is configured of a plurality of sheets. The shaft 6 is configured of eleven sheets from a first sheet s1 to an eleventh sheet s11. The development view illustrated in FIG. 2 illustrates the sheets configuring the shaft in order from the inner side in the radial direction of the shaft. The sheets are wound in order from the sheet located on the upper side in the development view. In FIG. 2, the lateral direction in the drawing corresponds to the axial direction of the shaft. In FIG. 2, the right side in the drawing is the tip end Tp side of the shaft. In FIG. 2, the left side in the drawing is the butt end Bt side of the shaft.
The development view illustrates the order of winding the sheets as well as the disposition of the sheets in the axial direction of the shaft (shaft axial direction). For example in FIG. 2, the tip ends of the sheets s1, s10, and s11 are located at the shaft tip end Tp. For example in FIG. 2, the back ends of the sheets s4 and s5 are located at the shaft butt end Bt.
In the present application, the term “layer” and the term “sheet” are used. The “layer” is wound, and the term “sheet” is not wound. A “layer” is formed by winding a “sheet”. That is, a wound “sheet” forms a “layer”. Moreover, in the present application, the same reference numerals and signs are used for the layer and the sheet. For example, a layer formed of the sheet s1 is a layer s1.
The shaft 6 includes a straight layer, a bias layer, and a hoop layer. In the development view of the present application, an orientation angle Af of fiber is denoted in the sheets. The orientation angle Af is an angle with respect to the shaft axial direction.
The sheet having the notation “0 degree” configures the straight layer. The sheet for the straight layer is also referred to as a straight sheet in the present application.
The straight layer is a layer that the fiber orientation is substantially at an angle of 0 degree with respect to the shaft axial direction. Because of errors, for example, in winding, the fiber orientation may not be 0 degree perfectly with respect to the shaft axial direction. Generally, in the straight layer, an absolute angle θa is equal to or less than 10 degrees.
It is noted that the absolute angle θa means the absolute value of the orientation angle Af. For example, the phrase that the absolute angle θa is equal to or less than 10 degrees means that the angle Af is −10 degrees or greater and +10 degrees or less.
In the embodiment in FIG. 2, the straight sheets are the sheet s1, the sheet s4, the sheet s5, the sheet s6, the sheet s7, the sheet s9, the sheet s10, and the sheet s11. The straight layer has high correlations with the flexural rigidity and flexural strength of the shaft.
The bias layer has high correlations with the torsional rigidity and torsional strength of the shaft. Preferably, the bias sheet includes a pair of two sheets that the fiber orientations are inclined in the opposite directions with each other. From the viewpoint of torsional rigidity, the absolute angle θa of the bias layer is preferably equal to or greater than 15 degrees, more preferably equal to or greater than 25 degrees, and still more preferably equal to or greater than 40 degrees. From the viewpoint of torsional rigidity and flexural rigidity, the absolute angle θa of the bias layer is preferably equal to or less than 60 degrees, and more preferably equal to or less than 50 degrees.
In the shaft 6, the sheets configuring the bias layer are the second sheet s2 and the third sheet s3. As discussed above, in FIG. 2, the angle Af is denoted for the individual sheets. The notations positive (+) and minus (−) in the angle Af express that the fibers in the bias sheets are inclined in the opposite directions with each other. In the present application, the sheet for the bias layer is also simply referred to as a bias sheet. The sheet s2 and the sheet s3 configure the pair of sheets.
In FIG. 2, the inclined direction of the fiber of the sheet s3 is equal to the inclined direction of the fiber of the sheet s2. However, as described later, the sheet s3 is reversed, and stacked to the sheet s2. As a result, the inclined direction of the sheet s2 and the inclined direction of the sheet s3 are in the opposite directions to each other.
It is noted that in the embodiment in FIG. 2, the angle Af in the sheet s2 is −45 degrees and the angle Af in the sheet s3 is +45 degrees. Of course, on the contrary, the angle Af in the sheet s2 may be +45 degrees and the angle Af in the sheet s3 may be −45 degrees.
In the shaft 6, the sheet configuring the hoop layer is the eighth sheet s8. Preferably, the absolute angle θa in the hoop layer is set substantially at 90 degrees with respect to the shaft axis. However, because of errors, for example, in winding, the fiber orientation may not be 90 degrees perfectly with respect to the shaft axial direction. Generally, in the hoop layer, the absolute angle θa is 80 degrees or greater and 90 degrees or less. In the present application, the prepreg sheet for the hoop layer is also referred to as a hoop sheet.
The number of layers formed of a single sheet is not limited. For example, if the number of sheet ply is 1, this sheet is wound once in the circumferential direction. If the number of sheet ply is 1, this sheet forms a single layer at all the positions in the circumferential direction of the shaft.
For example, if the number of sheet ply is 2, this sheet is wound twice in the circumferential direction. If the number of sheet ply is 2, this sheet forms two layers at all the positions in the circumferential direction of the shaft.
For example, if the number of sheet ply is 1.5, this sheet is wound 1.5 times in the circumferential direction. If the number of sheet ply is 1.5, this sheet forms a single layer at positions in the circumferential direction at angles of 0 to 180 degrees and forms two layers at positions in the circumferential direction at angles of 180 degrees to 360 degrees.
From the viewpoint of decreasing winding failure such as wrinkles, an excessively wide sheet is not preferable. From this viewpoint, the number of ply for the bias sheet is preferably equal to or less than 4, and more preferably equal to or less than 3. From the viewpoint of the workability of the winding process, preferably, the number of ply for the bias sheet is equal to or greater than 1.
From the viewpoint of suppressing winding failure such as wrinkles, an excessively wide sheet is not preferable. From this viewpoint, the number of ply for the straight sheet is preferably equal to or less than 4, more preferably equal to or less than 3, and still more preferably equal to or less than 2. From the viewpoint of the workability of the winding process, preferably, the number of ply for the straight sheet is equal to or greater than 1. In all the straight sheets, the number of ply may be 1. In all the full length straight sheets, the number of ply may be 1.
From the viewpoint of decreasing winding failure such as wrinkles, an excessively wide sheet is not preferable. From this viewpoint, preferably, the number of ply for the hoop sheet is equal to or less than 4, more preferably, equal to or less than 3, and still more preferably, equal to or less than 2. From the viewpoint of the workability of the winding process, preferably, the number of ply for the hoop sheet is equal to or greater than 1. In all the hoop sheets, the number of ply may be 1. In all the full length hoop sheets, the number of ply may be 1.
Although not illustrated in the drawing, the prepreg sheet before used is sandwiched between cover sheets. Generally, the cover sheets include a release paper and a resin film. That is, the prepreg sheet before used is sandwiched between a release paper and a resin film. The release paper is stuck to one surface of the prepreg sheet, and the resin film is stuck to the other surface of the prepreg sheet. In the following, the surface to which the release paper is stuck is also referred to as “a release paper side surface”, and the surface to which the resin film is stuck is also referred to as “a film side surface”.
The development view of the present application is a diagram that the film side surface is the front side. That is, in FIG. 2, the front side of the drawing is the film side surface, and the back side of the drawing is the release paper side surface. In FIG. 2, lines expressing fiber directions are the same direction in the sheet s2 and the sheet s3, and the sheet s3 is reversed in stacking described later. As a result, the fiber direction of the sheet s2 and the fiber direction of the sheet s3 are opposite to each other. Therefore, the fiber direction of a layer s2 and the fiber direction of a layer s3 are opposite to each other. In consideration of this point, in FIG. 2, the fiber direction of the sheet s2 is described as “−45 degrees”, and the fiber direction of the sheet s3 is described as “+45 degrees”.
In order to wind the prepreg sheet, first, the resin film is peeled off. The resin film is peeled off, and the surface on the film side is exposed. The exposed surface has tacking property (tackiness). The tacking property is caused by the matrix resin. That is, since the matrix resin is in the semi-cured state, the tackiness is developed. The edge part of the exposed film side surface is also referred to as a wind start edge part. Subsequently, the wind start edge part is applied on a wound object. The tackiness of the matrix resin allows smooth application of the wind start edge part. The wound object is a mandrel or a winding body in which the other prepreg sheets are wound around a mandrel. Subsequently, the release paper is peeled off. Subsequently, the wound object is rotated, and the prepreg sheet is wound around the wound object. As described above, the resin film is first peeled off, the wind start edge part is then applied on the wound object, and the release paper is then peeled off. That is, the resin film is first peeled off, the wind start edge part is applied on the wound object, and then the release paper is peeled off. With these procedures, wrinkles on the sheet and winding failure of the sheet are suppressed. This is because the sheet, to which the release paper is stuck, is supported on the release paper, and is less wrinkled. The release paper has flexural rigidity higher than that of the resin film.
In the embodiment in FIG. 2, a united sheet is formed. The united sheet is formed by stacking two sheets or greater to each other.
In the embodiment in FIG. 2, two united sheets are formed. A first united sheet is formed by stacking the sheet s3 to the sheet s2. A second united sheet is formed by stacking the sheet s8 to the sheet s9. The hoop sheet s8 is wound in the state of the united sheet. This winding method suppresses the winding failure of the hoop sheet. Winding failure includes splits on the sheet, errors of the angle Af, wrinkles, or the like.
As described above, in the present application, the sheets and the layers are classified based on the orientation angle of fiber. Moreover, in the present application, the sheets and the layers are classified based on the length in the shaft axial direction.
In the present application, the layer disposed over the entire length in the shaft axial direction is referred to as a full length layer. In the present application, the sheet disposed over the entire length in the shaft axial direction is referred to as a full length sheet. A wound full length sheet forms a full length layer.
In the present application, the layer partially disposed in the shaft axial direction is referred to as a partial layer. In the present application, the sheet partially disposed in the shaft axial direction is referred to as a partial sheet. A wound partial sheet forms a partial layer.
In the present application, the full length layer that is a straight layer is referred to as a full length straight layer. In the embodiment in FIG. 2, the full length straight layers are a layer s6, a layer s7, and a layer s9. The full length straight sheets are the sheet s6, the sheet s7, and the sheet s9.
In the present application, the full length layer that is a hoop layer is referred to as a full length hoop layer. In the embodiment in FIG. 2, the full length hoop layer is a layer s8. The full length hoop sheet is the sheet s8.
In the present application, the partial layer that is a straight layer is referred to as a partial straight layer. In the embodiment in FIG. 2, the partial straight layers are the layer s1, a layer s4, a layer s5, a layer s10, and a layer s11. The partial straight sheets are the sheet s1, the sheet s4, the sheet s5, the sheet s10, and the sheet s11.
In the present application, the partial layer that is a hoop layer is referred to as a partial hoop layer. The embodiment in FIG. 2 includes no partial hoop layer.
In the present application, the term “butt partial layer” is used. The butt partial layer includes a butt straight layer and a butt hoop layer. In the embodiment in FIG. 2, the butt straight layers are the layer s4 and the layer s5. In the embodiment in FIG. 2, the butt hoop layer is not provided. The butt partial layer can contribute to the adjustment of a ratio (Lf1/Lf2). The butt partial layer can contribute to the adjustment of a club inertia moment Ix (described later). The butt partial layer can contribute to the adjustment of a club inertia moment Ic (described later). The butt partial layer can contribute to the adjustment of a shaft inertia moment Iss (described later). The butt partial layer can contribute to the adjustment of a shaft inertia moment Is (described later).
In the present application, the term “tip partial layer” is used. This tip partial layer includes a tip straight layer. In the embodiment in FIG. 2, the tip straight layers are the layer s1, the layer s10, and the layer s11. The tip partial layer improves the strength of the tip end part of the shaft 6. The tip partial layer can contribute to the adjustment of the ratio (Lf1/Lf2). The tip partial layer can contribute to the adjustment of a club inertia moment Ix (described later). The tip partial layer can contribute to the adjustment of a club inertia moment Ic (described later). The tip partial layer can contribute to the adjustment of a shaft inertia moment Iss (described later). The tip partial layer can contribute to the adjustment of a shaft inertia moment Is (described later).
The shaft 6 is prepared by the sheet winding method using the sheets illustrated in FIG. 2.
In the following, the outline of the manufacturing processes of the shaft 6 will be described.
[Outline of the Manufacturing Processes of the Shaft]
(1) Cutting Process
In the cutting process, the prepreg sheet is cut into a desired shape. In this process, the sheets illustrated in FIG. 2 are cut out.
The sheet may be cut using a cutter or may be cut manually. In the case of manual cutting, a cutter knife is used, for example.
(2) Stacking Process
In the stacking process, the foregoing two united sheets are prepared.
In the stacking process, heating or pressing may be used. More preferably, heating and pressing are combined. In the winding process described later, the sheets may be deviated in the winding operation of the united sheet. The deviation degrades winding accuracy. Heating and pressing improve the adhesive force between the sheets. Heating and pressing suppress the deviation between the sheets in the winding process.
(3) Winding Process
In the winding process, a mandrel is prepared. A typical mandrel is made of a metal. A mold release agent is applied to the mandrel. Moreover, a resin having tackiness is applied to the mandrel. The resin is also referred to as a tacking resin. The cut sheet is wound around the mandrel. The tacking resin facilitates the application of the sheet end part to the mandrel.
The sheets are wound in order from the sheets located on the upper side in the development view illustrated in FIG. 2. However, the sheets to be stacked are wound in the state of the united sheet.
In the winding process, a winding body can be obtained. The winding body is formed by winding the prepreg sheets on the outer side of the mandrel. Winding is achieved by rolling the wound object on a flat surface, for example. The winding may be made manually or by a machine. This machine is referred to as a rolling machine.
(4) Tape Wrapping Process
In the tape wrapping process, a tape is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the winding body. The tape is also referred to as a wrapping tape. The tape is wound while tension is applied. A pressure is applied to the winding body by the tape. The pressure decreases voids.
(5) Curing Process
In the curing process, the winding body is heated after a tape is wrapped to the winding body. The matrix resin is cured by the heating. In the curing process, the matrix resin is temporarily fluidized. Air between the sheets or in the sheet can be discharged by the fluidization of the matrix resin. The pressure (fastening force) of the wrapping tape promotes the discharge of the air. A cured laminate can be obtained by this curing.
(6) Mandrel Extracting Process and Wrapping Tape Removing Process
After the curing process, the mandrel extracting process and the wrapping tape removing process are performed. Although the order of these processes is not limited, from the viewpoint of improving the efficiency of the wrapping tape removing process, preferably, the wrapping tape removing process is performed after the mandrel extracting process.
(7) Process of Cutting Both Ends
In this process, the both end parts of the cured laminate are cut. The end face of the tip end Tp and the end face of the butt end Bt are made flat by this cutting.
For easy understanding, the development view illustrated in FIG. 2 illustrates the sheets in the state in which both ends are cut. Practically, in setting the dimensions of the sheets, cutting both ends is considered. That is, practically, the both end parts of the sheets are added with a portion that is cut in process of cutting both ends.
(8) Polishing Process
In this process, the surface of the cured laminate is polished. The surface of the cured laminate has spiral irregularities left as the trace of the wrapping tape. The irregularities as the trace of the wrapping tape are eliminated by polishing, and the surface is made smooth.
(9) Coating Process
The cured laminate after the polishing process is coated. In the processes above, the shaft 6 is obtained. In the shaft 6, the ratio (Lf1/Lf2) is great. The shaft 6 is light-weighted.
The sheetwinding method is excellent in the degree of freedom for design. By the method, the ratio (Lf1/Lf2) can be easily adjusted. By the method, the inertia moments Ix, Ic, Iss, Is, and the like can be adjusted. Methods for adjusting the inertia moments include (A1) to (A9) below.
(A1) Increasing or decreasing the number of the winding of the butt partial layer.
(A2) Increasing or decreasing the thickness of the butt partial layer.
(A3) Increasing or decreasing the length of the butt partial layer in the axial direction.
(A4) Increasing or decreasing the number of the winding of the tip partial layer.
(A5) Increasing or decreasing the thickness of the tip partial layer.
(A6) Increasing or decreasing the length of the tip partial layer in the axial direction.
(A7) Increasing or decreasing the taper ratio of the shaft.
(A8) Increasing or decreasing the resin content in all the layers.
(A9) Increasing or decreasing the prepreg areal weight in all the layers.
The ratio Ihs/Ix can be increased by decreasing the inertia moment Ix. From this viewpoint, the total weight of the butt partial layers with respect to a shaft weight Ws is preferably equal to or greater than 5% by weight, and more preferably equal to or greater than 10% by weight. From the viewpoint of suppressing a hard feeling, the total weight of the butt partial layers with respect to the shaft weight Ws is preferably equal to or less than 50% by weight, and more preferably equal to or less than 45% by weight. In the embodiment in FIG. 2, the total weight of the butt partial layers is the sum total of the weight of the sheet s4 and the sheet s5.
In the present application, a specific butt range is defined. The specific butt range is a range from a point 250 mm apart from the butt end Bt in the axial direction to the butt end Bt. The weight of the butt partial layer in the specific butt range is defined as Wa, and the weight of the shaft in the specific butt range is defined as Wb. From the viewpoint of decreasing the inertia moment Ix and increasing the ratio Ihs/Ix, the ratio (Wa/Wb) is preferably equal to or greater than 0.4, more preferably equal to or greater than 0.42, still more preferably equal to or greater than 0.43, and still yet more preferably equal to or greater than 0.44. From the viewpoint of suppressing a hard feeling, the ratio (Wa/Wb) is preferably equal to or less than 0.7, more preferably equal to or less than 0.65, and still more preferably equal to or less than 0.6.
In the present application, the club weight is defined as We (kg), the head weight is defined as Wh (kg), the shaft weight is defined as Ws (kg), and the grip weight is defined as Wg (kg).
In the embodiment, the inertia moments (the moments of inertia) below are considered. These inertia moments are the inertia moments about a swing axis Zx. These inertia moments can be correlated with an easy swing. The unit of these inertia moments is “kg·cm2”.
(a) Club inertia moment Ix
(b) Head inertia moment Ihs
(c) Shaft inertia moment Iss
(d) Grip inertia moment Igs
In order to calculate the inertia moments using the parallel axis theorem, the inertia moments (the moments of inertia) below are used.
(e) Club inertia moment Ic
(f) Head inertia moment Ih
(g) Shaft inertia moment Is
(h) Grip inertia moment Ig
The following is the detail of the inertia moments (a) to (d).
[Club Inertia moment Ix]
Ix is the inertia moment of the club 2. Ix is the inertia moment about the swing axis Zx.
FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram for describing the club inertia moment Ix.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, a distance Lc is an axial direction distance from the grip end to the center of gravity of the club. The inertia moment Ic is the inertia moment of the club 2, and the inertia moment about an axis Zc. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the axis Zc is in parallel with the swing axis Zx. The axis Zc is passed through the center of gravity of the club.
The inertia moment Ix (kg·cm2) is calculated by Equation (1) below. Equation (1) is based on the parallel axis theorem.

Ix=Wc×(Lc+60)2+Ic  (1)

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the swing axis Zx is set at a position at which a distance Dx from the grip end is 60 cm. The swing axis Zx is perpendicular to a shaft axis Z1. The position of the swing axis Zx will be described later.

[Head Inertia Moment Ihs]

Ihs is the inertia moment of the head 4. Ihs is the inertia moment about the swing axis Zx.
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram for describing the head inertia moment Ihs. Although the club 2 is illustrated in FIG. 4, only the head 4 is targeted in the calculation of the inertia moment Ihs.
As illustrated in FIG. 4, a distance Lh is an axial direction distance from the grip end to the center of gravity Gh of the head. The inertia moment Ih is the inertia moment of the head 4, and the inertia moment about an axis Zh. The inertia moment Ih is the inertia moment of the head 4 alone. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the axis Zh is in parallel with the swing axis Zx. The axis Zh is passed through the center of gravity Gh of the head. The axis Zh is perpendicular to the center line (not illustrated) of the hosel hole of the head 4. The center line of the hosel hole of the head 4 is matched with the shaft axis Z1.
The inertia moment Ihs (kg·cm2) is calculated by Equation (2) below. Equation (2) is based on the parallel axis theorem.

Ihs=Wh×(Lh+60)2+Ih  (2)

The inertia moment Ihs is a part of the club inertia moment Ix. In the club inertia moment Ix, a portion caused by the head 4 is the inertia moment Ihs.
[Shaft Inertia Moment Iss]
Iss is the inertia moment of the shaft 6. Iss is the inertia moment about the swing axis Zx.
FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the shaft inertia moment Iss. Although the club 2 is illustrated in FIG. 5, only the shaft 6 is targeted in the calculation of the inertia moment Iss.
As illustrated in FIG. 5, a distance Ls is an axial direction distance from the grip end to the center of gravity Gs of the shaft. The inertia moment Is is the inertia moment of the shaft 6, and the inertia moment about an axis Zs. The inertia moment Is is the inertia moment of the shaft 6 alone. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the axis Zs is in parallel with the swing axis Zx. The axis Zs is passed through the center of gravity Gs of the shaft. The axis Zs is perpendicular to the shaft axis Z1.
The inertia moment Iss (kg·cm2) is calculated by Equation (3) below. Equation (3) is based on the parallel axis theorem.

Iss=Ws×(Ls+60)2+Is  (3)

The inertia moment Iss is a part of the club inertia moment Ix. In the club inertia moment Ix, a portion caused by the shaft 6 is the inertia moment Iss.
[Grip Inertia Moment Igs]
Igs is the inertia moment of the grip 8. Igs is the inertia moment about the swing axis Zx.
FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the grip inertia moment Igs. Although the club 2 is illustrated in FIG. 6, only the grip 8 is targeted in the calculation of the inertia moment Igs.
As illustrated in FIG. 6, a distance Lg is an axial direction distance from the grip end to the center of gravity Gg of the grip. The inertia moment Ig is the inertia moment of the grip 8, and the inertia moment about the axis Zg. The inertia moment Ig is the inertia moment of the grip 8 alone. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the axis Zg is in parallel with the swing axis Zx. The axis Zg is passed through the center of gravity Gg of the grip. The axis Zg is perpendicular to the center line (not illustrated) of the grip 8. The center line of the grip 8 is matched with the shaft axis Z1.
The inertia moment Igs (kg·cm2) is calculated by Equation (4) below. Equation (4) is based on the parallel axis theorem.

Igs=Wg×(Lg+60)2+Ig  (4)

The inertia moment Igs is a part of the club inertia moment Ix. In the club inertia moment Ix, a portion caused by the grip 8 is the inertia moment Igs.
Conventionally, a swing balance (a club balance) is known as an index of the ease of a swing. However, the swing balance is a static moment, and not a dynamic index. On the other hand, a swing is dynamic. For the dynamic index of the ease of a swing, the inertia moment Ix about the swing axis was found.
Moreover, it is also effective to introduce dynamic indices for the members of the club inconsideration of swings. The inertia moment about the swing axis is also considered for the head 4, the shaft 6, and the grip 8.
In actual swings, the golf club is not rotated about the grip end. The golf club is rotated about the body of a golf player together with the arms of the golf player. In the present application, the swing axis Zx is set in consideration of the position of the body of the golf player when taking a swing. The swing axis is apart from the grip end. In order to evaluate the ease of a dynamic swing, a spacing Dx between the swing axis Zx and the grip end was set (see FIG. 3). As for the spacing Dx, many golf player's body shapes and swings were analyzed. For the golf player's body shapes, for example, the arm length was considered. As a result, it was revealed that the spacing Dx was preferably about 60 cm. In consideration of the actual conditions of such swings, in Equation (1) above, the value [Lc+60] is used. Similarly, in Equation (2) above, the value [Lh+60] is used. Similarly, in Equation (3) above, the value [Ls+60] is used. Similarly, in Equation (4) above, the value [Lg+60] is used.
A swing is dynamic. As compared with the static index, the dynamic index tends to reflect the ease of a swing. Moreover, as described above, the actual conditions of swings is considered for the inertia moment Ix. Therefore, the inertia moment Ix highly accurately reflects the ease of a swing.
The axis Zc illustrated in FIG. 3 is passed through the center of gravity of the club. The axis Zc is in parallel with the swing axis Zx. The inertia moment Ic is the inertia moment of the club 2 about the axis Zc. The swing axis Zx is orthogonal to the shaft axis Z1. The axis Zc is orthogonal to the shaft axis Z1.
In the present application, a reference state (not illustrated) is defined. The reference state is a state in which the sole of the club 2 is placed on a horizontal plane at a specified lie angle and a real loft angle. In the reference state, the shaft axis Z1 is included in a plane VP1 perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The plane VP1 is defined as a reference vertical plane. The specified lie angle and real loft angle are described on product catalogs, for example. As apparent from FIG. 3, in the measurement of the inertia moments, the face surface is in a substantially square state with respect to the head path. The orientation of the face surface is in the state of an ideal impact. The swing axis Zx is included in the reference vertical plane. That is, in the measurement of the inertia moment Ix, the swing axis Zx is included in the reference vertical plane. In the measurement of the inertia moment Ic, the axis Zc is included in the reference vertical plane. The foregoing inertia moments reflect the attitude of the club near an impact. The foregoing inertia moments reflect swings. Therefore, these inertia moments have a high correlation with the ease of a swing.
It is assumed that the center of gravity of the club is located on the shaft axis Z1. Because of the position of the center of gravity of the head, the real center of gravity of the club is slightly deviated from the shaft axis Z1. The real center of gravity of the club can be located in a space, for example. In the present application, it is assumed that a point on the axis Z1 closest to the real center of gravity of the club is the center of gravity of the club described above. In other words, the center of gravity of the club in the present application is an intersection point between the axis Z1 and a perpendicular line from the real center of gravity of the club to the axis Z1. The approximation of the position of the center of gravity of the club gives a slight difference to the value of the inertia moment Ix. However, the difference is so small that the difference does not affect the effects described in the present application.
From the viewpoint of the ease of a swing, the inertia moment Ix is preferably equal to or less than 6.90×103 (kg·cm2), more preferably equal to or less than 6.85×103 (kg·cm2), still more preferably equal to or less than 6.80×103 (kg·cm2), yet more preferably equal to or less than 6.75×103 (kg·cm2), and still yet more preferably equal to or less than 6.70×103 (kg·cm2). From the viewpoint of suppressing an excessively small head weight Wh, the inertia moment Ix is preferably equal to or greater than 6.30×103 (kg·cm2), and more preferably equal to or greater than 6.35×103 (kg·cm2).
A small inertia moment Ix can improve the ease of a swing. The ease of a swing contributes to the improvement of the head speed. For a method for decreasing the inertia moment Ix, it is considered to decrease the head weight Wh. However, when the head weight Wh is simply decreased, the kinetic energy of the head is decreased. In this case, energy transmitted to a ball is decreased, and the initial velocity of the ball is decreased. In other words, the coefficient of restitution is decreased.
An index for the ease of a swing and for increasing a flight distance was investigated. As a result, it was revealed that the ratio (Ihs/Ix) is effective. Preferably, the ratio (Ihs/Ix) is improved while the inertia moment Ix is suppressed. Preferably, the inertia moment Ix is suppressed, the ease of a swing is secured, and then the ratio (Ihs/Ix) is increased. In this case, both the ease of a swing and a flight distance can be achieved.
The ratio (Ihs/Ix) expresses the ratio of a portion caused by the head in the inertia moment Ix. The inertia moment Ihs is based on the swing axis Zx. As different from a simple head weight Wh, the inertia moment Ihs is a value for which the condition of a swing is considered. Therefore, in the design of a club considering the ease of a swing, the inertia moment Ihs can be an effective index.
When Ihs/Ix is increased, the degree of contribution of the head is enhanced in the inertia moment Ix. An increase in the inertia moment Ihs can increases the kinetic energy transmitted to a ball. Therefore, the initial velocity of the ball obtained from a collision against the head can be increased. Moreover, in the case where the ratio Ihs/Ix is increased, the inertia moment Ix tends to be suppressed, and the ease of a swing is secured. From these viewpoints, the ratio (Ihs/Ix) is preferably equal to or greater than 0.88, and more preferably equal to or greater than 0.89. In consideration of the limit of designing the club, the ratio (Ihs/Ix) is preferably equal to or less than 0.93, and more preferably equal to or less than 0.92.
From the viewpoint of improving the initial velocity of the ball, the inertia moment Ihs is preferably equal to or greater than 5.60×103 (kg·cm2), more preferably equal to or greater than 5.70×103 (kg·cm2), and still more preferably equal to or greater than 5.80×103 (kg·cm2). From the viewpoint of the ease of a swing, preferably, the inertia moment Ihs is equal to or less than 6.70×103 (kg·cm2), more preferably, equal to or less than 6.60×103 (kg·cm2), and still more preferably, equal to or less than 6.50×103 (kg·cm2).
More preferably, the shaft inertia moment Iss about the swing axis is considered. The inertia moment Iss is based on the swing axis Zx. Therefore, the inertia moment Iss is a value that for which the condition of a swing is considered. In the design of a club considering the ease of a swing, the inertia moment Iss can be an effective index.
The inertia moment Iss is suppressed, so that the degree of contribution of the shaft can be decreased in the inertia moment Ix. The suppressed inertia moment Iss can improve the ratio (Ihs/Ix).
The suppressed inertia moment Iss can contribute to the ease of a swing. From the viewpoint of the ease of a swing, the inertia moment Iss is preferably equal to or less than 700 (kg·cm2), more preferably equal to or less than 690 (kg·cm2), and still more preferably equal to or less than 680 (kg·cm2). In consideration of a practical strength of the shaft, an excessively small inertia moment Iss is not preferable. From this viewpoint, the inertia moment Iss is preferably equal to or greater than 600 (kg·cm2), more preferably equal to or greater than 610 (kg·cm2), and still more preferably equal to or greater than 620 (kg·cm2).
The degree of contribution of the shaft in the inertia moment Ix is decreased, so that the kinetic energy of the head can be increased while securing the ease of a swing. From this viewpoint, the ratio Iss/Ix is preferably equal to or less than 0.120, more preferably equal to or less than 0.110, and still more preferably equal to or less than 0.100. In consideration of a practical strength of the shaft, an excessively small inertia moment Iss is not preferable. From this viewpoint, the ratio Iss/Ix is preferably equal to or greater than 0.092, and more preferably equal to or greater than 0.094.
More preferably, the grip inertia moment Igs about the swing axis is considered. The inertia moment Igs is based on the swing axis Zx. Therefore, the inertia moment Igs is a value considering the condition of a swing. In the design of a club considering the ease of a swing, the inertia moment Igs can be an effective index.
The inertia moment Igs is suppressed, so that the degree of contribution of the grip can be decreased in the inertia moment Ix. The suppressed inertia moment Igs can improve the ratio (Ihs/Ix). The suppressed inertia moment Igs can contribute to the ease of a swing. From the viewpoint of the ease of a swing, the inertia moment Igs is preferably equal to or less than 150 (kg·cm2), more preferably equal to or less than 140 (kg·cm2), and still more preferably equal to or less than 130 (kg·cm2). In consideration of the durability of the grip, an excessively small inertia moment Igs is not preferable. From this viewpoint, the inertia moment Igs is preferably equal to or greater than 50 (kg·cm2), more preferably equal to or greater than 60 (kg·cm2), and still more preferably equal to or greater than 70 (kg·cm2).
For the index of the ease of a swing, the club balance is generally used. In the case where the head weight Wh is increased, it is also likely to increase the club balance. Thus, it is considered that a decrease in the club balance is similar to a decrease in the head weight Wh. A technical idea (defined as technical idea A) is known that the ease of a swing is accompanied by a decrease in the head weight Wh. This technical idea A is a typical idea in a person skilled in the art.
On the contrary, in the embodiment, the ratio (Ihs/Ix) is considered as well as the inertia moment Ix. The inertia moment Ihs is the inertia moment of the head alone, but the rotation axis thereof is the swing axis Zx. Moreover, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the attitude of the head 4 in the calculation of the inertia moment Ihs is similar to the attitude of the head 4 in taking a swing. The inertia moment Ihs accurately reflects the influence of the head 4 on the ease of a swing. In the embodiment, the ratio (Ihs/Ix) is considered, not simply considering the head weight Wh. Thus, the kinetic energy of the head 4 can be increased while securing the ease of a swing.
More preferably, the inertia moment Iss is considered. The inertia moment Iss is the inertia moment of the shaft alone, but the rotation axis thereof is the swing axis Zx. Moreover, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the attitude of the shaft 6 in the calculation of the inertia moment Iss is similar to the attitude of the shaft 6 in taking a swing. The inertia moment Iss accurately reflects the influence of the shaft 6 on the ease of a swing. In the embodiment, the inertia moment Iss is considered, not simply considering the shaft weight Ws. Thus, the kinetic energy of the head can be improved while securing the ease of a swing.
More preferably, the inertia moment Igs is considered. The inertia moment Igs is the inertia moment of the grip alone, but the rotation axis thereof is the swing axis Zx. Moreover, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the attitude of the grip 8 in the calculation of the inertia moment Igs is similar to the attitude of the grip 8 in taking a swing. The inertia moment Igs highly accurately reflects the influence of the grip 8 on the ease of a swing. In the embodiment, the inertia moment Igs is considered, not simply considering the grip weight Wg. Thus, the kinetic energy of the head can be increased while securing the ease of a swing.
The static moment of the club is defined as Mt. The static moment Mt is calculated by Equation (5) below. The unit of the static moment Mt is kg·cm.

Mt=Wc×(Lc−35.6)  (5)

The static moment Mt corresponds to a 14-inch swing balance. The swing balance is a symbolized value of the static moment Mt.

Preferably, the inertia moment Ix is small with respect to the static moment Mt. In other words, preferably, the ratio (Ix/Mt) is small. In other words, preferably, the inertia moment Ix is small and the static moment Mt is great. With this configuration, the inertia moment Ix can be made smaller while the center of gravity of the club is located close to the head. Therefore, it is possible to decrease the inertia moment Ix while increasing the ratio (Ihs/Ix).
A decrease in the ratio Ix/Mt means that the inertia moment Ix is small while the static moment Mt is relatively great. In other words, this means that the inertia moment Ix is small while the club balance is relatively great. Therefore, a decrease in the ratio Ix/Mt means that a swing is easily taken regardless of a heavy club balance. As described above, conventionally, the index of the ease of a swing has been defined as the club balance. Conventionally, a technical idea (technical idea B) has been known that a swing is not easily taken if the club balance is heavy. Based on this technical idea B, it was not enabled to assume a concept that a swing is easily taken despite a heavy club balance. Therefore, conventionally, it was difficult to conceive a technical idea that the ratio Ix/Mt is decreased.
From the viewpoint of the flight distance performance, the ratio Ix/Mt is preferably equal to or less than 450, more preferably equal to or less than 445, still more preferably equal to or less than 440, and yet more preferably equal to or less than 438. In consideration of the strength of the head, the shaft, and the grip, there is a limitation to decrease the inertia moment Ix. In consideration of this point, the ratio Ix/Mt is preferably equal to or greater than 410, more preferably equal to or greater than 420, and still more preferably equal to or greater than 428.
From the viewpoint of decreasing the ratio Ix/Mt, the static moment Mt is preferably equal to or greater than 14.5 kg·cm, more preferably equal to or greater than 14.7 kg·cm, still more preferably equal to or greater than 15.0 kg·cm, and yet more preferably equal to or greater than 15.3 kg·cm. From the viewpoint that the club length L1, for example, has a preferable value, the static moment Mt is preferably equal to or less than 16.5 kg·cm, more preferably equal to or less than 16.2 kg·cm, still more preferably equal to or less than 16.1 kg·cm, yet more preferably equal to or less than 16.0 kg·cm, still yet more preferably equal to or less than 15.9 kg·cm, and still more preferably equal to or less than 15.8 kg·cm.
[Head Weight Wh]
The kinetic energy of the head is increased, so that the initial velocity of a ball can be improved in hitting the ball. From this viewpoint, the head weight Wh is preferably equal to or greater than 175 g (0.175 kg), more preferably equal to or greater than 180 g (0.180 kg), and still more preferably equal to or greater than 185 g (0.185 kg). From the viewpoint of the ease of a swing, the head weight Wh is preferably equal to or less than 210 g (0.210 kg), more preferably equal to or less than 205 g (0.205 kg), and still more preferably equal to or less than 200 g (0.200 kg).
[Shaft Weight Ws]
From the viewpoint of the strength and durability of the shaft, the shaft weight Ws is preferably equal to or greater than 35 g (0.035 kg), more preferably equal to or greater than 38 g (0.038 kg), and still more preferably equal to or greater than 40 g (0.040 kg). From the viewpoint of the ease of a swing, the shaft weight Ws is preferably, equal to or less than 50 g (0.050 kg), and more preferably equal to or less than 48 g (0.048 kg).
[Grip Weight Wg]
From the viewpoint of the strength and durability of the grip, the grip weight Wg is preferably equal to or greater than 20 g (0.020 kg), more preferably equal to or greater than 23 g (0.023 kg), and still more preferably equal to or greater than 25 g (0.025 kg). From the viewpoint of the ease of a swing, the grip weight is preferably equal to or less than 40 g (0.040 kg), more preferably equal to or less than 38 g (0.038 kg), still more preferably equal to or less than 35 g (0.035 kg), and yet more preferably equal to or less than 30 g. The grip weight Wg can be adjusted by the volume of the grip, the specific gravity of rubber, the use of expanded rubber, and so on. The grip weight Wg may be adjusted by combining expanded rubber with unexpanded rubber.
[Shaft Length Lf2]
From the viewpoint of improving the head speed by increasing the rotation radius of a swing, the shaft length Lf2 is preferably equal to or greater than 99 cm, more preferably equal to or greater than 105 cm, still more preferably equal to or greater than 107 cm, and yet more preferably equal to or greater than 110 cm. From the viewpoint of suppressing variation in points to hit, the shaft length Lf2 is preferably equal to or less than 120 cm, more preferably equal to or less than 118 cm, and still more preferably equal to or less than 116 cm.
[Distance Lf1]
The center of gravity Gs of the shaft comes close to the butt end Bt, and the ease of a swing and the head speed can be improved. From this viewpoint, the distance Lf1 (see FIG. 1) is preferably equal to or greater than 560 mm, more preferably equal to or greater than 570 mm, still more preferably equal to or greater than 580 mm, and yet more preferably equal to or greater than 590 mm. In the case where the distance Lf1 is excessively large, since the weight that can be allocated to the tip end part of the shaft is decreased, the strength of the tip end part of the shaft is apt to decrease. From this viewpoint, the distance Lf1 is preferably equal to or less than 750 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 730 mm, and still more preferably equal to or less than 710 mm.
[Lf1/Lf2]
From the viewpoint of increasing the ratio (Ihs/Ix), the ratio Lf1/Lf2 is preferably equal to or greater than 0.53, more preferably equal to or greater than 0.55, still more preferably equal to or greater than 0.56, and yet more preferably equal to or greater than 0.57. From the viewpoint of improving the strength of the tip end part of the shaft, the ratio Lf1/Lf2 is preferably equal to or less than 0.67, more preferably equal to or less than 0.66, and still more preferably equal to or less than 0.65.
[Club Length L1]
From the viewpoint of improving the head speed, the club length L1 is preferably equal to or greater than 43 inches, more preferably equal to or greater than 44 inches, still more preferably equal to or greater than 45 inches, yet more preferably equal to or greater than 45.2 inches, and still yet more preferably equal to or greater than 45.3 inches. From the viewpoint of suppressing variation in points to hit, the club length L1 is preferably equal to or less than 48 inches, more preferably equal to or less than 47.5 inches, still more preferably equal to or less than 47 inches, and yet more preferably equal to or less than 46.5 inches.
The club length L1 in the present application is measured based on the golf rule of “1c. Length” in “1. Clubs” of “Appendix II. Design of Clubs”, defined by R&A (Royal and Ancient Golf Club of Saint Andrews).
It is a driver that particular importance is placed on the flight distance performance. From this viewpoint, preferably, the club 2 is a driver. From the viewpoint of the flight distance performance, the real loft is preferably equal to or greater than 7 degrees, and more preferably equal to or less than 13 degrees. From the viewpoint of improving the inertia moment Ih, the volume of the head is preferably equal to or greater than 350 cc, more preferably equal to or greater than 380 cc, still more preferably equal to or greater than 400 cc, and yet more preferably equal to or greater than 420 cc. From the viewpoint of the strength of the head, the volume of the head is preferably equal to or less than 470 cc.
[Club Weight Wc]
From the viewpoint of the ease of a swing, the club weight Wc is preferably equal to or less than 300 g (0.300 kg), more preferably equal to or less than 295 g (0.295 kg), still more preferably equal to or less than 290 g (0.290 kg), yet more preferably equal to or less than 285 g (0.285 kg), still yet more preferably equal to or less than 280 g (0.280 kg), still more preferably equal to or less than 275 g (0.275 kg), and yet more preferably equal to or less than 270 g (0.270 kg). In consideration of the strength of the grip, the shaft, and the head, the club weight We is preferably equal to or greater than 230 g (0.230 kg), more preferably equal to or greater than 240 g (0.240 kg), still more preferably equal to or greater than 245 g (0.245 kg), and yet more preferably equal to or greater than 250 g (0.250 kg).
EXAMPLES
In the following, the effects of the present invention will be clarified by examples. However, the present invention should not be interpreted in a limited way based on the description of the examples.
Table 1 shows examples of prepregs usable for the shaft according to the present invention.







TABLE 1







Examples of Usable Prepregs









Carbon Fiber Physical



Property Value

















Fiber
Resin
Carbon
Tensile





Sheet
Content
Content
Fiber
Elastic
Tensile



Prepreg Sheet
Thickness
(% by
(% by
Product
Modulus
Strength


Manufacturer
Product Number
(mm)
mass)
mass)
Number
(t/mm2)
(kgf/mm2)

















Toray
3255S-10
0.082
76
24
T700S
23.5
500


Industries, Inc.


Toray
3255S-12
0.103
76
24
T700S
23.5
500


Industries, Inc.


Toray
3255S-15
0.123
76
24
T700S
23.5
500


Industries, Inc.


Toray
805S-3
0.034
60
40
M30S
30
560


Industries, Inc.


Toray
2255S-10
0.082
76
24
T800S
30
600


Industries, Inc.


Toray
2255S-12
0.102
76
24
T800S
30
600


Industries, Inc.


Toray
2255S-15
0.123
76
24
T800S
30
600


Industries, Inc.


Toray
2256S-10
0.077
80
20
T800S
30
600


Industries, Inc.


Toray
2256S-12
0.103
80
20
T800S
30
600


Industries, Inc.


Nippon
E1026A-09N
0.100
63
37
XN-10
10
190


Graphite Fiber


Corporation


Mitsubishi
TR350C-100S
0.083
75
25
TR50S
24
500


Rayon Co., Ltd


Mitsubishi
TR350C-125S
0.104
75
25
TR50S
24
500


Rayon Co., Ltd


Mitsubishi
TR350C-150S
0.124
75
25
TR50S
24
500


Rayon Co., Ltd


Mitsubishi
MR350C-075S
0.063
75
25
MR40
30
450


Rayon Co., Ltd


Mitsubishi
MR350C-100S
0.085
75
25
MR40
30
450


Rayon Co., Ltd


Mitsubishi
MR350C-125S
0.105
75
25
MR40
30
450


Rayon Co., Ltd


Mitsubishi
MR350E-100S
0.093
70
30
MR40
30
450


Rayon Co., Ltd


Mitsubishi
HRX350C-075S
0.057
75
25
HR40
40
450


Rayon Co., Ltd


Mitsubishi
HRX350C-110S
0.082
75
25
HR40
40
450


Rayon Co., Ltd





The tensile strength and the tensile elastic modulus are measured in accordance with “Testing Method for Carbon Fibers” JIS R7601: 1986.






Example 1
A shaft in a stack configuration the same as the configuration of the shaft 6 was prepared. That is, a shaft in the configuration of the sheets illustrated in FIG. 2 was prepared. A manufacturing method was the same as the method for the shaft 6.
The shaft according to example 1 was formed using the prepregs shown in Table 1. “HRX350C-110S” (trade name) was used for the bias layer. “805S-3” (trade name) was used for the hoop layer. The prepreg whose tensile elastic modulus was 23.5 to 30 (t/mm2) was used for the straight layer. These prepregs are shown in Table 1.
Prepregs were selected so as to have desired values for the inertia moments, the shaft weight Ws, the ratio Lf1/Lf2, and the like. The shaft according to example 1 was obtained by the manufacturing method described above.
The obtained shaft was attached with a commercially available driver head (XXIO 7 made by DUNLOP SPORTS CO. LTD.: a loft angle of 10.5 degrees) and a grip, and a golf club according to example 1 was obtained. Table 2 shows the specifications and evaluation result of example 1.
Examples 2 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10
Shafts and golf clubs according to examples and comparative examples were obtained similarly to example 1 except the specifications shown in Tables 2 to 7 below.
In these examples and comparative examples, the head weight Wh was adjusted by polishing the overall outer surface of the head and using a weight adjustment adhesive. The adhesive was applied to the inner surface of the head. The adhesive is a thermoplastic adhesive, fixed to a predetermined position on the inner surface of the head at room temperature, and flows at high temperature. While the temperature of the adhesive was set at high temperature, the adhesive was poured into the head, and then cooled at ambient temperature for fixing. The adhesive was disposed so as not to change the position of the center of gravity of the head.
In the examples and comparative examples, the grip weight Wg was adjusted by the material of the grip. Expanded rubber was used for grips having a small weight Wg.
The shaft weight Ws, the ratio (Lf1/Lf2), the inertia moment Is, and the like were adjusted based on the foregoing items (A1) to (A9). The specifications of the examples and the comparative examples were obtained using these adjustments. The specifications of the examples and comparative examples are shown in Tables 2 to 7 below. It is noted that in Tables, example 1 is described at a plurality of places for easy comparison of data.







TABLE 2







Specifications and Evaluation Results of Examples and Comparative Examples












Compar-


Compar-



ative


ative



Example 1
Example 1
Example 2
Example 2















Club Weight Wc (g)
263
267
271
275


Club Length L1 (inch)
45
45
45
45


Club Inertia Moment Ix about Swing
6610
6730
6860
6980


Axis (kg · cm2)


Ix/Mt
438
437
434
434


Static Moment Mt (kg · cm)
15.1
15.4
15.8
16.1


Head Weight Wh (g)
189
193
197
201


Head Inertia Moment Ihs about
5780
5900
6030
6150


Swing Axis (kg · cm2)


Ihs/Ix
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.88


Wh/Wc
0.72
0.72
0.73
0.73


Shaft Weight Ws (g)
48.0
48.0
48.0
48.0


Shaft Inertia Moment Iss about Swing
670
670
670
670


Axis (kg · cm2)


Iss/Ix
0.101
0.100
0.098
0.096


Shaft Length Lf2 (mm)
1121
1121
1121
1121


Distance Lf1 from Tip to Center of
617
617
617
617


Gravity of Shaft (mm)


Distance from Butt to Center of
504
504
504
504


Gravity of Shaft (mm)


Ratio of Center of Gravity of Shaft
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55


Lf1/Lf2


Grip Weight Wg (g)
25
25
25
25


Grip Inertia Moment Igs about Swing
120
120
120
120


Axis (kg · cm2)


Head Speed (m/s)
40.2
40.0
39.7
38.5


Kinetic Energy (J)
152.7
154.4
155.2
149.0


Flight distance (yards)
195
201
202
194
















TABLE 3







Specifications and Evaluation Results


of Examples and Comparative Example













Compar-





ative



Example 3
Example 1
Example 3














Club Weight Wc (g)
264
267
271


Club Length L1 (inch)
45
45
45


Club Inertia Moment Ix about Swing
6690
6730
6780


Axis (kg · cm2)


Ix/Mt
434
437
437


Static Moment Mt (kg · cm)
15.4
15.4
15.5


Head Weight Wh (g)
193
193
193


Head Inertia Moment Ihs about
5900
5900
5900


Swing Axis (kg · cm2)


Ihs/Ix
0.88
0.88
0.87


Wh/Wc
0.73
0.72
0.71


Shaft Weight Ws (g)
44.0
48.0
52.0


Shaft Inertia Moment Iss about Swing
630
670
720


Axis (kg · cm2)


Iss/Ix
0.094
0.100
0.106


Shaft Length Lf2 (mm)
1121
1121
1121


Distance Lf1 from Tip to Center of
617
617
617


Gravity of Shaft (mm)


Distance from Butt to Center of
504
504
504


Gravity of Shaft (mm)


Ratio of Center of Gravity of Shaft
0.55
0.55
0.55


Lf1/Lf2


Grip Weight Wg (g)
25
25
25


Grip Inertia Moment Igs about Swing
120
120
120


Axis (kg · cm2)


Head Speed (m/s)
40.2
40.0
39.5


Kinetic Energy (J)
155.9
154.4
150.6


Flight distance (yards)
203
201
196
















TABLE 4







Specifications and Evaluation Results


of Examples and Comparative Example













Compar-





ative



Example 4
Example 1
Example 4














Club Weight Wc (g)
267
267
267


Club Length L1 (inch)
45
45
45


Club Inertia Moment Ix about Swing
6700
6730
6780


Axis (kg · cm2)


Ix/Mt
438
437
435


Static Moment Mt (kg · cm)
15.3
15.4
15.6


Head Weight Wh (g)
193
193
193


Head Inertia Moment Ihs about
5900
5900
5900


Swing Axis (kg · cm2)


Ihs/Ix
0.88
0.88
0.87


Wh/Wc
0.72
0.72
0.72


Shaft Weight Ws (g)
48.0
48.0
48.0


Shaft Inertia Moment Iss about Swing
640
670
720


Axis (kg · cm2)


Iss/Ix
0.096
0.100
0.106


Shaft Length Lf2 (mm)
1121
1121
1121


Distance Lf1 from Tip to Center of
650
617
583


Gravity of Shaft (mm)


Distance from Butt to Center of
471
504
538


Gravity of Shaft (mm)


Ratio of Center of Gravity of Shaft
0.58
0.55
0.52


Lf1/Lf2


Grip Weight Wg (g)
25
25
25


Grip Inertia Moment Igs about Swing
120
120
120


Axis (kg · cm2)


Head Speed (m/s)
40.1
40.0
39.5


Kinetic Energy (J)
155.2
154.4
150.6


Flight distance (yards)
202
201
196
















TABLE 5







Specifications and Evaluation Results


of Examples and Comparative Example













Compar-





ative



Example 1
Example 5
Example 5














Club Weight Wc (g)
267
270
277


Club Length L1 (inch)
45
45
45


Club Inertia Moment Ix about Swing
6730
6740
6780


Axis (kg · cm2)


Ix/Mt
437
443
446


Static Moment Mt (kg · cm)
15.4
15.2
15.2


Head Weight Wh (g)
193
193
193


Head Inertia Moment Ihs about
5900
5900
5900


Swing Axis (kg · cm2)


Ihs/Ix
0.88
0.88
0.87


Wh/Wc
0.72
0.72
0.70


Shaft Weight Ws (g)
48.0
48.0
48.0


Shaft Inertia Moment Iss about Swing
670
670
670


Axis (kg · cm2)


Iss/Ix
0.100
0.099
0.099


Shaft Length Lf2 (mm)
1121
1121
1121


Distance Lf1 from Tip to Center of
617
617
617


Gravity of Shaft (mm)


Distance from Butt to Center of
504
504
504


Gravity of Shaft (mm)


Ratio of Center of Gravity of Shaft
0.55
0.55
0.55


Lf1/Lf2


Grip Weight Wg (g)
25
28
35


Grip Inertia Moment Igs about Swing
120
130
170


Axis (kg · cm2)


Head Speed (m/s)
40.0
39.9
39.5


Kinetic Energy (J)
154.4
153.6
150.6


Flight distance (yards)
201
200
196
















TABLE 6







Specifications and Evaluation Results of Examples and Comparative Examples












Compar-
Compar-





ative
ative



Example 6
Example 7
Example 6
Example 1















Club Weight Wc (g)
275
267
271
267


Club Length L1 (inch)
42
43
43
45


Club Inertia Moment Ix about Swing
6430
6380
6490
6730


Axis (kg · cm2)


Ix/Mt
447
446
445
437


Static Moment Mt (kg · cm)
14.4
14.3
14.6
15.4


Head Weight Wh (g)
201
193
197
193


Head Inertia Moment Ihs about
5630
5570
5680
5900


Swing Axis (kg · cm2)


Ihs/Ix
0.88
0.87
0.88
0.88


Wh/Wc
0.73
0.72
0.73
0.72


Shaft Weight Ws (g)
48.0
48.0
48.0
48.0


Shaft Inertia Moment Iss about Swing
640
650
650
670


Axis (kg · cm2)


Iss/Ix
0.100
0.102
0.100
0.100


Shaft Length Lf2 (mm)
1045
1070
1070
1121


Distance Lf1 from Tip to Center of
575
589
589
617


Gravity of Shaft (mm)


Distance from Butt to Center of
470
482
482
504


Gravity of Shaft (mm)


Ratio of Center of Gravity of Shaft
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55


Lf1/Lf2


Grip Weight Wg (g)
25
25
25
25


Grip Inertia Moment Igs about Swing
120
120
120
120


Axis (kg · cm2)


Head Speed (m/s)
38.7
39.7
39.6
40.0


Kinetic Energy (J)
150.5
152.1
154.5
154.4


Flight distance (yards)
196
196
201
201
















TABLE 7







Specifications and Evaluation Results of Example and Comparative Examples












Compar-
Compar-

Compar-



ative
ative

ative



Example 8
Example 9
Example 7
Example 10















Club Weight Wc (g)
267
254
253
247


Club Length L1 (inch)
48
48
48
49


Club Inertia Moment Ix about Swing
7300
6870
6900
6890


Axis (kg · cm2)


Ix/Mt
427
411
429
420


Static Moment Mt (kg · cm)
17.1
16.7
16.1
16.4


Head Weight Wh (g)
193
180
183
177


Head Inertia Moment Ihs about
6430
6000
6080
6060


Swing Axis (kg · cm2)


Ihs/Ix
0.88
0.87
0.88
0.88


Wh/Wc
0.72
0.71
0.72
0.72


Shaft Weight Ws (g)
48.0
48.0
44.0
44.0


Shaft Inertia Moment Iss about Swing
710
710
660
670


Axis (kg · cm2)


Iss/Ix
0.097
0.103
0.096
0.097


Shaft Length Lf2 (mm)
1197
1197
1197
1222


Distance Lf1 from Tip to Center of
658
658
658
672


Gravity of Shaft (mm)


Distance from Butt to Center of
539
539
539
550


Gravity of Shaft (mm)


Ratio of Center of Gravity of Shaft
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55


Lf1/Lf2


Grip Weight Wg (g)
25
25
25
25


Grip Inertia Moment Igs about Swing
120
120
120
120


Axis (kg · cm2)


Head Speed (m/s)
39.8
40.8
41.2
41.6


Kinetic Energy (J)
152.9
149.8
155.3
153.2


Flight distance (yards)
196
192
202
196









[Evaluation Method]

[Inertia Moments]

The inertia moment Ix was calculated by Equation (1) described above. The club inertia moment Ic was measured using MODEL NUMBER RK/005-002 made by INERTIA DYNAMICS Inc. The inertia moment Ihs was calculated by Equation (2) described above. The head inertia moment Ih was measured using MODEL NUMBER RK/005-002 made by INERTIA DYNAMICS Inc. The inertia moment Iss was calculated by Equation (3) described above. The shaft inertia moment Is was measured using MODEL NUMBER RK/005-002 made by INERTIA DYNAMICS Inc. The inertia moment Igs was calculated by Equation (4) described above. The grip inertia moment Ig was measured using MODEL NUMBER RK/005-002 made by INERTIA DYNAMICS Inc. The calculated values are shown in Tables 2 to 7.
[Head Speed]
Five testers whose handicaps were 10 or greater and 20 or less conducted the evaluation. The general head speeds of these five testers were about 38 to 42 (m/s). This is the average head speed of amateur golf players. Each tester hit a ball with each club for ten times. Therefore, hits were made for 50 times for each of the clubs in total. In the hits, the head speed was measured in impact. The mean values of 50 items of data are shown in Tables 2 to 7.
[Kinetic Energy]
The kinetic energy (J) of the head was calculated using the mean value of the obtained head speed. The kinetic energy of the head is increased, so that the initial velocity of the ball can be improved. The calculated value of the kinetic energy is shown in Tables 2 to 7. If the kinetic energy is defined as K, the head weight is defined as Wh and the head speed (the mean value) is defined as Vh, the calculation equation for the kinetic energy K is as follows.

K=Wh×Vh2/2

[Flight Distance]

From the viewpoint of improving the reliability of data, two hits of a small flight distance were not adopted in the ten hits described above. As a result, 40 items of data for flight distance data were obtained. It is noted that this flight distance is a distance (a so-called carry) to a spot where a ball falls to the ground. The mean values of 40 items of data are shown in Tables 2 to 7.
In the case where the ratio Ihs/Ix was small, it was not enabled to sufficiently increase the kinetic energy of the head, and a flight distance was short (see comparative example 1 in Table 2).
In the case where the club inertia moment Ix was great, the head speed was less increased, and a flight distance was short (see comparative example 2 in Table 2).
In the case where the shaft inertia moment Iss was great, it was not enabled to sufficiently increase the kinetic energy of the head, and a flight distance was decreased (see comparative example 3 in Table 3 and comparative example 4 in Table 4).
In the case where the ratio of the center of gravity (Lf1/Lf2) was small, the head speed was low and a flight distance was short (see comparative example 4 in Table 4).
In the case where the grip inertia moment Igs was great, it was not enabled to sufficiently increase the kinetic energy of the head (see comparative example 5 in Table 5).
In the case where the club length L1 was too short, the radius of rotation of a swing became small, and the head speed was decreased (see comparative example 6 in Table 6).
In the case where the club length L1 was short and the head weight Wh was light, the head speed and the kinetic energy were small (see comparative example 7 in Table 6).
In the case where the club length L1 was long and the inertia moment Iss was great, the club inertia moment Ix was apt to be excessively large. In this case, the head speed was decreased and a flight distance was short (see comparative example 8 in Table 7).
It was enabled to decrease the club inertia moment Ix by decreasing the head weight Wh. However, in this case, it was not enabled to sufficiently increase the kinetic energy of the head, and a flight distance was short (see comparative example 9 in Table 7).
In the case where the club length L1 was excessively long, the meeting rate was decreased, and a flight distance was short (see comparative example 10 in Table 7). The meeting rate means a probability that a ball is hit at a sweet spot.
As shown in the evaluated results, the superiority of the present invention is apparent.
The method described above is applicable to golf clubs.
The description above is merely an example, and can be variously modified within the scope not deviating from the principles of the present invention.

## Claims

1. A golf club comprising:
a head having a head weight defined as Wh (kg);
a shaft comprising a grip end, a tip end opposite of the grip end, and a shaft axis extending in an axial direction;
a grip;
a club weight defined as Wc (kg);
a club length greater than or equal to 43 in and less than or equal to 48 in;
an axial direction distance between the grip end of the shaft and a center of gravity of the golf club defined as Lc (cm);
an axial direction distance between the grip end of the shaft and a center of gravity of the head defined as Lh (cm);
a club moment of inertia about an axis parallel to a virtual axis of swing and passing through the center of gravity of the golf club defined as Ic (kg·cm2);
a club moment of inertia about the virtual axis of swing defined as Ix (kg·cm2) and calculated by the following formula (1):


Ix=Wc×(Lc+60)2+Ic  (1)


a head moment of inertia about an axis parallel to the virtual axis of swing and passing through the center of gravity of the head defined as Ih (kg·cm2); and
a head moment of inertia about the virtual axis of swing defined as Ihs (kg·cm2) and calculated by the following formula (2):


Ihs=Wh×(Lh+60)2+Ih  (2)


wherein a ratio Ihs/Ix is equal to or greater than 0.88.

2. The golf club according to claim 1, wherein Ix is greater than or equal to about 6.30×103 kg·cm2.

3. The golf club according to claim 1, further comprising:
a shaft weight defined as Ws (kg);
an axial direction distance from the grip end to a center of gravity of the shaft defined as Ls (cm);
a shaft moment of inertia about an axis parallel to the virtual axis of swing and passing through the center of gravity of the shaft defined as Is (kg·cm2); and
a shaft moment of inertia about the virtual axis of swing defined as Iss (kg·cm2) and calculated by the following equation (3):


Iss=Ws×(Ls+60)2+Is  (3)


wherein Iss is equal to or less than 700 kg·cm2.

4. The golf club according to claim 3, wherein a ratio Iss/Ix is greater than or equal to 0.092 and less than or equal to 0.120.

5. The golf club according to claim 1, further comprising:
a grip weight defined as Wg (kg);
an axial direction distance from the grip end to a center of gravity of the grip defined as Lg (cm);
a grip moment of inertia about an axis parallel to the virtual axis of swing and passing through the center of gravity of the grip defined as Ig (kg·cm2); and
a grip moment of inertia about the virtual axis of swing defined as Igs (kg·cm2) and calculated by the following formula (4):


Igs=Wg×(Lg+60)2+Ig  (4)


wherein Igs is equal to or less than 150 kg·cm2.

6. The golf club according to claim 1, further comprising:
an axial direction distance from a shaft tip end to a center of gravity of the shaft defined as Lf1 (cm); and
a shaft length defined as Lf2 (cm),
wherein Lf1/Lf2 is greater than or equal to 0.55 and less than or equal to 0.67.

7. The golf club according to claim 1, wherein Wh is greater than or equal to 0.175 kg and less than or equal to 0.200 kg.

8. The golf club according to claim 1, wherein the ratio Ihs/Ix is less than or equal to 0.93.

9. The golf club according to claim 1, wherein Ix is greater than or equal to about 6.35×103 kg·cm2.

10. A golf club comprising:
a head having a head weight defined as Wh (kg);
a shaft comprising a grip end, a tip end opposite of the grip end, a shaft axis extending in an axial direction, and a shaft weight defined as Ws (kg);
a grip having a grip weight defined as Wg (kg);
a club weight defined as We (kg);
an axial direction distance between the grip end of the shaft and a center of gravity of the golf club defined as Lc (cm);
an axial direction distance between the grip end of the shaft and a center of gravity of the head defined as Lh (cm);
an axial direction distance from the grip end to a center of gravity of the shaft defined as Ls (cm);
an axial direction distance from the grip end to a center of gravity of the grip defined as Lg (cm);
a club moment of inertia about an axis parallel to a virtual axis of swing and passing through the center of gravity of the golf club defined as Ic (kg·cm2);
a club moment of inertia about the virtual axis of swing defined as Ix (kg·cm2) and calculated by the following formula (1):


Ix=Wc×(Lc+60)2+Ic  (1)


a head moment of inertia about an axis parallel to the virtual axis of swing and passing through the center of gravity of the head defined as Ih (kg·cm2);
a head moment of inertia about the virtual axis of swing defined as Ihs (kg·cm2) and calculated by the following formula (2):


Ihs=Wh×(Lh+60)2+Ih  (2)


a shaft moment of inertia about an axis parallel to the virtual axis of swing and passing through the center of gravity of the shaft defined as Is (kg·cm2);
a shaft moment of inertia about the virtual axis of swing defined as Iss (kg·cm2) and calculated by the following equation (3):


Iss=Ws×(Ls+60)2+Is  (3)


a grip moment of inertia about an axis parallel to the virtual axis of swing and passing through the center of gravity of the grip defined as Ig (kg·cm2); and
a grip moment of inertia about the virtual axis of swing defined as Igs (kg·cm2) and calculated by the following formula (4):


Igs=Wg×(Lg+60)2+Ig  (4)


wherein:
a ratio Ihs/Ix is equal to or greater than 0.88;
Iss is equal to or less than 700 kg·cm2; and
Igs is equal to or less than 150 kg·cm2.

11. The golf club according to claim 10, wherein Ix is greater than or equal to about 6.30×103 kg·cm2.

12. The golf club according to claim 10, wherein a ratio Iss/Ix is greater than or equal to 0.092 and less than or equal to 0.120.

13. The golf club according to claim 10, further comprising:
an axial direction distance from a shaft tip end to the center of gravity of the shaft defined as Lf1 (cm); and
a shaft length defined as Lf2 (cm),
wherein Lf1/Lf2 is greater than or equal to 0.55 and less than or equal to 0.67.

14. The golf club according to claim 10, wherein Wh is greater than or equal to 0.175 kg and less than or equal to 0.200 kg.

15. The golf club according to claim 10, wherein the ratio Ihs/Ix is less than or equal to 0.93.

16. The golf club according to claim 10, wherein Ix is greater than or equal to about 6.35×103 kg·cm2.

17. A golf club comprising:
a head having a head weight defined as Wh (kg) and a volume greater than or equal to 420 cc;
a shaft comprising a grip end, a tip end opposite of the grip end, and a shaft axis extending in an axial direction;
a grip;
a club weight defined as We (kg);
an axial direction distance between the grip end of the shaft and a center of gravity of the golf club defined as Lc (cm);
an axial direction distance between the grip end of the shaft and a center of gravity of the head defined as Lh (cm);
a club moment of inertia about an axis parallel to a virtual axis of swing and passing through the center of gravity of the golf club defined as Ic (kg·cm2);
a club moment of inertia about the virtual axis of swing defined as Ix (kg·cm2) and calculated by the following formula (1):


Ix=Wc×(Lc+60)2+Ic  (1)



a head moment of inertia about an axis parallel to the virtual axis of swing and passing through the center of gravity of the head defined as Ih (kg·cm2); and
a head moment of inertia about the virtual axis of swing defined as Ihs (kg·cm2) and calculated by the following formula (2):


Ihs=Wh×(Lh+60)2+Ih  (2)


wherein a ratio Ihs/Ix is equal to or greater than 0.88.

18. The golf club according to claim 17, wherein Ix is greater than or equal to about 6.30×103 kg·cm2.

19. The golf club according to claim 17, further comprising:
a shaft weight defined as Ws (kg);
an axial direction distance from the grip end to a center of gravity of the shaft defined as Ls (cm);
a shaft moment of inertia about an axis parallel to the virtual axis of swing and passing through the center of gravity of the shaft defined as Is (kg·cm2); and
a shaft moment of inertia about the virtual axis of swing defined as Iss (kg·cm2) and calculated by the following equation (3):


Iss=Ws×(Ls+60)2+Is  (3)


wherein Iss is equal to or less than 700 kg·cm2.

20. The golf club according to claim 17, wherein a ratio Iss/Ix is greater than or equal to 0.092 and less than or equal to 0.120.