# Patent

## Title
Tracking device power preservation through signal strength reduction

## Abstract

The power consumption of a tracking device can be reduced by managing the transmission power of the tracking device when a mobile device is at the edge of the range of the tracking device. A connection can be established between a tracking device and a mobile device at the edge of a first range of the tracking device. The transmission range of the tracking device can be reduced to sever the connection between the tracking device and the mobile device. After a pre-determined time interval or after a connection with the mobile device is re-established the transmission range of the tracking device can be restored.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/226,137, filed Aug. 2, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,615,371, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.


BACKGROUND
This disclosure relates generally to tracking devices, and more specifically, to power preservation in a tracking device through selectively reducing the transmission power of the tracking device.
Electronic tracking devices have created numerous ways for people to track the locations of people and/or objects. For example, a user can use GPS technology to track a device remotely or determine a location of the user. In another example, a user can attach a tracking device to an important object, such as keys or a wallet, and use the features of the tracking device to more quickly locate the object, (e.g., if it becomes lost).
However, traditional tracking devices and corresponding systems suffer from one or more disadvantages. For instance, a battery of the tracking device may be difficult to recharge or replace, thus limiting the lifespan of the tracking device to the length of time the battery can power the tracking device. Accordingly, there is a need to improve performance in order to reduce the power requirements of the tracking device, thereby extending the amount of time the battery can power the tracking device, and thus extending the lifespan of the tracking device itself.
SUMMARY
A tracking device can wirelessly connect to mobile devices at various ranges. However, under certain circumstances, environmental conditions or other factors can result in the tracking device consuming additional transmissive power. As tracking devices can have limited battery capacity, power preservation methods can be employed to reduce the power consumption of the tracking device. In situations where a tracking device is repeatedly connecting and reconnecting to the same mobile device (for instance, at the periphery of the transmission range of the tracking device), the transmission power of the tracking device can be temporarily reduced to prevent excess power consumption related to repeated connection and reconnection to the same mobile device. The transmission power of the tracking device can later be restored based on one or more of a set of factors being satisfied.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates an example tracking system environment in which a tracking device can operate, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 2 illustrates an example tracking system for use in a tracking system environment, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 3 illustrates an example user mobile device for use in a tracking system environment, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example community mobile device for use in a tracking system environment, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example tracking device for use in a tracking system environment, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 6 illustrates an environment for connecting to a tracking device, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a process for managing a tracking device in an edge of range state, according to one embodiment



The figures depict various embodiments of the present invention for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following discussion that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the invention described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Environment Overview
Embodiments described herein detail functionality associated with a tracking device. A user can attach a tracking device to or enclose the tracking device within an object, such as a wallet, keys, a car, a bike, a pet, or any other object that the user wants to track. The user can then use a mobile device (e.g., by way of a software application installed on the mobile device) or other device or service to track the tracking device and corresponding object. For example, the mobile device can perform a local search for a tracking device attached to a near-by object. However, in situations where the user is unable to locate the tracking device using their own mobile device (e.g., if the tracking device is beyond a distance within which the mobile device and the tracking device can communicate), the user can leverage the capabilities of a community of users of a tracking device system.
In particular, a tracking system (also referred to herein as a “cloud server” or simply “server”) can maintain user profiles associated with a plurality of users of the tracking device system. The tracking system can associate each user within the system with one or more tracking devices associated the user (e.g., tracking devices that the user has purchased and is using to track objects owned by the user). If the user's object becomes lost or stolen, the user can send an indication that the tracking device is lost to the tracking system, which is in communication with one or more mobile devices associated with the community of users in communication with the system. The tracking system can set a flag indicating the tracking device is lost. When one of a community of mobile devices that are scanning for nearby tracking devices and providing updated locations to the tracking system identifies a flagged tracking device, the tracking system can associate the received location with the flagged tracking device, and relay the location to a user of the tracking device, thereby enabling the user to locate the lost tracking device.
FIG. 1 illustrates an example tracking system environment in which a tracking device can operate, according to one embodiment. The environment of FIG. 1 includes a tracking system 100 communicatively coupled to a mobile device 102 associated with the user 103 via a first network 108. The tracking system 100 is also communicatively coupled to a plurality of community mobile devices 104a through 104n (collectively referred to herein as “community mobile devices 104”) associated with a plurality of users 105a through 105n of the tracking system 100 (collectively referred to herein as “community users 105”) via the first network 108. As will be explained in more detail below, the tracking system 100 can allow the user 103 to manage and/or locate a tracking device 106 associated with the user 103. In some embodiments, the tracking system 100 leverages the capabilities of community mobile devices 104 to locate the tracking device 106 if the location of the tracking device is unknown to the user 103 and beyond the capabilities of mobile device 102 to track. In some configurations, the user 103 may own and register multiple tracking devices 106. Although FIG. 1 illustrates a particular arrangement of the tracking system 100, mobile device 102, community mobile devices 104, and tracking device 106, various additional arrangements are possible.
In some configurations, the user 103 may be part of the community of users 105. Further, one or more users 105 may own and register one or more tracking devices 106. Thus, any one of the users within the community of users 105 can communicate with tracking system 100 and leverage the capabilities of the community of users 105 in addition to the user 103 to locate a tracking device 106 that has been lost.
The tracking system 100, mobile device 102, and plurality of community mobile devices 104 may communicate using any communication platforms and technologies suitable for transporting data and/or communication signals, including known communication technologies, devices, media, and protocols supportive of remote data communications.
In certain embodiments, the tracking system 100, mobile device 102, and community mobile devices 104 may communicate via a network 108, which may include one or more networks, including, but not limited to, wireless networks (e.g., wireless communication networks), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular telephone networks), closed communication networks, open communication networks, satellite networks, navigation networks, broadband networks, narrowband networks, the Internet, local area networks, and any other networks capable of carrying data and/or communications signals between the tracking system 100, mobile device 102, and community mobile devices 104. The mobile device 102 and community of mobile devices 104 may also be in communication with a tracking device 106 via a second network 110. The second network 110 may be a similar or different type of network as the first network 108. In some embodiments, the second network 110 comprises a wireless network with a limited communication range, such as a Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) wireless network. In some configurations, the second network 110 is a point-to-point network including the tracking device 106 and one or more mobile devices that fall within a proximity of the tracking device 106. In such embodiments, the mobile device 102 and community mobile devices 104 may only be able to communicate with the tracking device 106 if they are within a close proximity to the tracking device, though in other embodiments, the tracking device can use long-distance communication functionality (for instance, a GSM transceiver) to communicate with either a mobile device 102/104 or the tracking system 100 at any distance. In some configurations, the mobile device 102 and one or more community mobile devices 104 may each be associated with multiple tracking devices associated with various users.
As mentioned above, FIG. 1 illustrates the mobile device 102 associated with the user 103. The mobile device 102 can be configured to perform one or more functions described herein with respect to locating tracking devices (e.g., tracking device 106). For example, the mobile device 102 can receive input from the user 103 representative of information about the user 103 and information about a tracking device 106. The mobile device 102 may then provide the received user information, tracking device information, and/or information about the mobile device 102 to the tracking system 100. Accordingly, the tracking system 100 is able to associate the mobile device 102, the user 103, and/or the tracking device 106 with one another. In some embodiments, the mobile device 102 can communicate with the tracking device 106 and provide information regarding the location of the tracking device to the user 103. For example, the mobile device 102 can detect a communication signal from the tracking device 106 (e.g., by way of second network 110) as well as a strength of the communication signal or other measure of proximity to determine an approximate distance between the mobile device 102 and the tracking device 106. The mobile device 102 can then provide this information to the user 103 (e.g., by way of one or more graphical user interfaces) to assist the user 103 to locate the tracking device 106. Accordingly, the user 103 can use the mobile device 102 to track and locate the tracking device 106 and a corresponding object associated with the tracking device 106. If the mobile device 102 is located beyond the immediate range of communication with the tracking device 106 (e.g., beyond the second network 110), the mobile device 102 can be configured to send an indication that a tracking device 106 is lost to the tracking system 100, requesting assistance in finding the tracking device. The mobile device 102 can send an indication of a lost device in response to a command from the user 103. For example, once the user 103 has determined that the tracking device 106 is lost, the user can provide user input to the mobile device 102 (e.g., by way of a graphical user interface), requesting that the mobile device 102 send an indication that the tracking device 106 is lost to the tracking system 100. In some examples, the lost indication can include information identifying the user 103 (e.g., name, username, authentication information), information associated with the mobile device 102 (e.g., a mobile phone number), information associated with the tracking device (e.g., a unique tracking device identifier), or a location of the user (e.g., a GPS location of the mobile device 102 at the time the request is sent).
The tracking system 100 can be configured to provide a number of features and services associated with the tracking and management of a plurality of tracking devices and/or users associated with the tracking devices. For example, the tracking system 100 can manage information and/or user profiles associated with user 103 and community users 105. In particular, the tracking system 100 can manage information associated with the tracking device 106 and/or other tracking devices associated with the user 103 and/or the community users 105.
As mentioned above, the tracking system 100 can receive an indication that the tracking device 106 is lost from the mobile device 102. The tracking system 100 can then process the indication in order to help the user 103 find the tracking device 106. For example, the tracking system 100 can leverage the capabilities of the community mobile devices 104 to help find the tracking device 106. In particular, the tracking system 100 may set a flag for a tracking device 106 to indicate that the tracking device 106 lost and monitor communications received from the community mobile devices 104 indicating the location of one or more tracking devices 106 within proximity of the community mobile devices 104. The tracking system 100 can determine whether a specific location is associated with the lost tracking device 106 and provide any location updates associated with the tracking device 106 to the mobile device 102. In one example, the tracking system may receive constant updates of tracking device 106 locations regardless of whether a tracking device 106 is lost and provide a most recent updated location of the tracking device 106 in response to receiving an indication that the tracking device 106 is lost.
In some configurations, the tracking system 100 can send a location request associated with the tracking device 106 to each of the community mobile devices 104. The location request can include any instructions and/or information necessary for the community mobile devices 106 to find the tracking device 102. For example, the location request can include a unique identifier associated with the tracking device 106 that can be used by the community mobile devices 104 to identify the tracking device 106. Accordingly, if one of the community mobile devices 104 detects a communication from the tracking device 106 (e.g., if the community mobile device 104 is within range or moves within range of the communication capabilities of the tracking device 106 and receives a signal from the tracking device 106 including or associated with the unique identifier associated with the tracking device 106), the community mobile device 104 can inform the tracking system 100. Using the information received from the community mobile devices 104, the tracking system 100 can inform the user (e.g., by way of the mobile device 102) of a potential location of the tracking device 106.
As shown in FIG. 1 and as mentioned above, the tracking system 100 can communicate with a plurality of community mobile devices 104 associated with corresponding community users 105. For example, an implementation may include a first community mobile device 104a associated with a first community user 105a, a second community mobile device 104b associated with a second community user 105b, and additional communication mobile devices associated with additional community users up to an nth community mobile device 104n associated with an nth community user 105n. The community mobile devices 104 may also include functionality that enables each community mobile device 104 to identify a tracking device 106 within a proximity of the community mobile device 104. In one example, a first community mobile device 104a within proximity of a tracking device 106 can communicate with the tracking device 106, identify the tracking device 106 (e.g., using a unique identifier associated with the tracking device 106), and/or detect a location associated with the tracking device 106 (e.g., a location of the first mobile community device 104a at the time of the communication with the tracking device 106). This information can be used to provide updated locations and/or respond to a location request from the tracking system 100 regarding the tracking device 106. In some embodiments, the steps performed by the first community mobile device 104a can be hidden from the first community user 105a. Accordingly, the first community mobile device 104a can assist in locating the tracking device 106 without bother and without the knowledge of the first community user 105a. 
As mentioned above, the tracking system 100 can assist a user 103 in locating a tracking device 106. The tracking device may be a chip, tile, tag, or other device for housing circuitry and that may be attached to or enclosed within an object such as a wallet, keys, purse, car, or other object that the user 103 may track. Additionally, the tracking device 106 may include a speaker for emitting a sound and/or a transmitter for broadcasting a beacon. In one configuration, the tracking device 106 may periodically transmit a beacon signal that may be detected using a nearby mobile device 102 and/or community mobile device 104. In some configurations, the tracking device 106 broadcasts a beacon at regular intervals (e.g., one second intervals) that may be detected from a nearby mobile device (e.g., community mobile device 104). The strength of the signal emitted from the tracking device 106 may be used to determine a degree of proximity to the mobile device 102 or community mobile device 104 that detects the signal. For example, a higher strength signal would indicate a close proximity between the tracking device 106 and the mobile device 102 and a lower strength signal would indicate a more remote proximity between the tracking device 106 and the mobile device 102, though in some embodiments, the tracking device 106 can intentionally vary the transmission strength of the beacon signal. In some cases, the strength of signal or absence of a signal may be used to indicate that a tracking device 106 is lost.
System Overview
FIG. 2 illustrates an example tracking system for use in a tracking system environment, according to one embodiment. As shown, the tracking system 100 may include, but is not limited to, an association manager 204, a tracking device location manager 206, and a data manager 208, each of which may be in communication with one another using any suitable communication technologies. It will be recognized that although managers 204-208 are shown to be separate in FIG. 2, any of the managers 204-208 may be combined into fewer managers, such as into a single manager, or divided into more managers as may serve a particular embodiment.
The association manager 204 may be configured to receive, transmit, obtain, and/or update information about a user 103 and/or information about one or more specific tracking devices (e.g., tracking device 106). In some configurations, the association manager 204 may associate information associated with a user 103 with information associated with a tracking device 106. For example, user information and tracking information may be obtained by way of a mobile device 102, and the association manager 204 may be used to link the user information and tracking information. The association between user 103 and tracking device 106 may be used for authentication purposes, or for storing user information, tracking device information, permissions, or other information about a user 103 and/or tracking device 106 in a database.
The tracking system 100 also includes a tracking device location manager 206. The tracking device location manager 206 may receive and process an indication that the tracking device 106 is lost from a mobile device (e.g., mobile device 102 or community mobile devices 104). For example, the tracking system 100 may receive a lost indication from a mobile device 102 indicating that the tracking device 106 is lost. The tracking device location manager 206 may set a flag on a database (e.g., tracker database 212) indicating that the tracking device 106 is lost. The tracking device location manager 206 may also query a database to determine tracking information corresponding to the associated user 103 and/or tracking device 106. The tracking system 100 may obtain tracking device information and provide the tracking device information or other information associated with the tracking device 106 to a plurality of community mobile devices 104 to be on alert for the lost or unavailable tracking device 106.
The tracking device location manager 206 may also receive a location from one or more community mobile devices 104 that detect the tracking device 106, for instance in response to the community mobile device receiving a beacon signal transmitted by the tracking device 106, without the tracking device 106 having been previously marked as lost. In such embodiments, a user corresponding to the mobile device 102 can request a most recent location associated with the tracking device from the tracking system 100, and the location manager 206 can provide the location received from the community mobile device for display by the mobile device 102. In some embodiments, the location manager 206 provides the location of the tracking device 106 received from a community mobile device either automatically (for instance if the tracking device 106 is marked as lost) or at the request of a user of the mobile device 102 (for instance, via an application on the mobile device 102). The location manager 206 can provide a location of a tracking device 106 to a mobile device 102 via a text message, push notification, application notification, automated voice message, or any other suitable form of communication.
The tracking device location manager 206 may further manage providing indications about whether a tracking device 106 is lost or not lost. For example, as discussed above, the tracking device location manager 206 may provide a location request to the community of mobile devices 104 indicating that a tracking device 106 is lost. Additionally, upon location of the tracking device 106 by the user 103 or by one of the community of users 105, the tracking device location manager 206 may provide an indication to the user 103, community user 105, or tracking system 100 that the tracking device 106 has been found, thus removing any flags associated with a tracking device and/or canceling any location request previously provided to the community of users 105. For example, where a user 103 sends an indication that the tracking device 106 is lost to the tracking system 100 and later finds the tracking device 106, the mobile device 102 may provide an indication to the tracking system 100 that the tracking device 106 has been found. In response, the tracking device location manager 206 may remove a flag indicating that the tracking device 106 is lost and/or provide an updated indication to the community of users 105 that the tracking device 106 has been found, thus canceling any instructions associated with the previously provided location request. In some configurations, the notification that the tracking device 106 has been found may be provided automatically upon the mobile device 102 detecting the tracking device 106 within a proximity of the mobile device 102. Alternatively, the notification that the tracking device 106 has been found may be provided by the user 103 via user input on the mobile device 102. In another example, a known user (e.g., a friend or family member) with whom the tracking device 106 has been shared may provide an indication that the tracking device 106 has been found.
The tracking system 100 additionally includes a data manager 208. The data manager 208 may store and manage information associated with users, mobile devices, tracking devices, permissions, location requests, and other data that may be stored and/or maintained in a database related to performing location services of tracking devices. As shown, the data manager 208 may include, but is not limited to, a user database 210, a tracker database 212, permissions data 214, and location request data 216. It will be recognized that although databases and data within the data manager 208 are shown to be separate in FIG. 2, any of the user database 210, tracker database 212, permissions data 214, and location request data 216 may be combined in a single database or manager, or divided into more databases or managers as may serve a particular embodiment.
The data manager 208 may include the user database 210. The user database 210 may be used to store data related to various users. For example, the user database 210 may include data about the user 103 as well as data about each user 105 in a community of users 105. The community of users 105 may include any user that has provided user information to the tracking system 100 via a mobile device 102, 104 or other electronic device. The user information may be associated with one or more respective tracking devices 106, or may be stored without an association to a particular tracking device. For example, a community user 105 may provide user information and permit performance of tracking functions on the community mobile device 104 without owning or being associated with a tracking device 106. The user database 210 may also include information about one or more mobile devices or other electronic devices associated with a particular user.
The data manager 208 may also include a tracker database 212. The tracker database 212 may be used to store data related to tracking devices. For example, the tracker database 212 may include tracking data for any tracking device 106 that has been registered with the tracking system 100. Tracking data may include unique tracker identifications (IDs) associated with individual tracking devices 106. Tracker IDs may be associated with a respective user 103. Tracker IDs may also be associated with multiple users. Additionally, the tracker database 212 may include any flags or other indications associated with whether a specific tracking device 106 has been indicated as lost and whether any incoming communications with regard to that tracking device 106 should be processed based on the presence of a flag associated with the tracking device 106.
The data manager 208 may further include permissions data 214 and location request data 216. Permissions data 214 may include levels of permissions associated with a particular user 103 and/or tracking device 106. For example, permissions data 214 may include additional users that have been indicated as sharing a tracking device 106, or who have been given permission to locate or receive a location of a tracking device 106. Location request data 216 may include information related to a location request or a lost indication received from the user 103 via a mobile device 102.
FIG. 3 illustrates an example user mobile device for use in a tracking system environment, according to one embodiment. As shown, the mobile device 102 may include, but is not limited to, a user interface manager 302, a location request manager 304, a database manager 306, and a tracking manager 308, each of which may be in communication with one another using any suitable communication technologies. It will be recognized that although managers 302-308 are shown to be separate in FIG. 3, any of the managers 302-308 may be combined into fewer managers, such as into a single manager, or divided into more managers as may serve a particular embodiment.
As will be explained in more detail below, the mobile device 102 includes the user interface manager 302. The user interface manager 302 may facilitate providing the user 103 access to data on a tracking system 100 and/or providing data to the tracking system 100. Further, the user interface manager 302 provides a user interface by which the user 103 may communicate with tracking system 100 and/or tracking device 106 via mobile device 102.
The mobile device 102 may also include a location request manager 304. The location request manager 304 may receive and process a request input to the mobile device 102 to send an indication that a tracking device 106 is lost to a tracking system 100. For example, the user 103 may provide an indication that a tracking device 106 is lost, unreachable, or otherwise unavailable from the mobile device 102 via the user interface manager 302, and the location request manager 304 may process the lost indication and provide any necessary data to the tracking system 100 for processing and relaying a location request to other users 105 over a network 108. In some configurations, an indication that a tracking device 106 is lost is provided via user input. Alternatively, the indication may be transmitted automatically in response to the mobile device 102 determining that a tracking device 106 is lost.
In addition, the location request manager 304 can request a location of the tracking device 106 without the tracking device 106 being identified as lost. For instance, a user can access a tracking device location feature of an application running on the mobile device 102 (for example, via the user interface manager 302), and the location request manager 304 can request a most recent location of the tracking device 106 from the tracking system 100. The location request manager 304 can receive the most recent location from the tracking system 100, and can display the most recent location via the user interface manager 302.
The mobile device 102 may also include a database manager 306. The database manager 306 may maintain data related to the user 103, tracking device 106, permissions, or other data that may be used for locating a tracking device 106 and/or providing a request to a tracking system 100 for locating one or more tracking devices 106 associated with the user 103. Further, the database manager 306 may maintain any information that may be accessed using any other manager on the mobile device 102.
The mobile device 102 may further include a tracking manager 308. The tracking manager 308 may include a tracking application (e.g., a software application) for communicating with and locating a tracking device 106 associated with the user 103. For example, the tracking manager 308 may be one configuration of a tracking application installed on the mobile device 102 that provides the functionality for locating a tracking device 106 and/or requesting location of a tracking device 106 using a tracking system 100 and/or a plurality of community mobile devices 104. As shown, the tracking manager 308 may include, but is not limited to, a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) manager 310, a persistence manager 312, a local files manager 314, a motion manager 316, a secure storage manager 318, a settings manager 320, a location manager 322, a network manager 324, a notification manager 326, a sound manager 328, a friends manager 330, a photo manager 332, an authentication manager 334, a device manager 336, and a device power manager 338. Thus, the tracking manager 308 may perform any of the functions associated with managers 310-338, described in additional detail below.
The BLE manager 310 may be used to manage communication with one or more tracking devices 106. The persistence manager 312 may be used to store logical schema information that is relevant to the tracking manager 308. The local files manager 314 may be responsible for managing all files that are input or output from the mobile device 102. The motion manager 316 may be responsible for all motion management required by the tracking manager 308. The secure storage manager may be responsible for storage of secure data, including information such as passwords and private data that would be accessed through this sub-system. The settings manager 320 may be responsible for managing settings used by the tracking manager 308. Such settings may be user controlled (e.g., user settings) or defined by the tracking manager 308 for internal use (e.g., application settings) by a mobile device 102 and/or the tracking system 100. The location manager 322 may be responsible for all location tracking done by the tracking manager 308. For example, the location manager 322 may manage access to the location services of the mobile device 102 and works in conjunction with other managers to persist data. The network manager 324 may be responsible for all Internet communications from the tracking manager 308. For example, the network manager 324 may mediate all Internet API calls for the tracking manager 308. The notification manager 326 may be responsible for managing local and push notifications required by the tracking manager 308. The sound manager 328 may be responsible for playback of audio cues by the tracking manager 308. The friends manager 330 may be responsible for managing access to contacts and the user's social graph. The photo manager 332 may be responsible for capturing and managing photos used by the tracking manager 308. The authentication manager 334 may be responsible for handling the authentication (e.g., sign in or login) of users. The authentication manager 334 may also include registration (e.g., sign up) functionality. The authentication manager 334 further coordinates with other managers to achieve registration functionality. The device manager 336 may be responsible for managing the devices discovered by the tracking manager 308. The device manager 336 may further store and/or maintain the logic for algorithms related to device discovery and update.
The device power manager 338 can manage the power consumption of connected tracking devices 106. For example, the device power manager 338 can manage the power consumption of connected tracking devices 106 based on a detected signal strength of the connected tracking device, a detected amount of time the mobile device 102 is connected to the tracking device, or any other suitable factor. The device power manager 338 can coordinate with other managers within the mobile device 102 to achieve this functionality. In one embodiment, the device power manager 338 can send instructions to a connected tracking device 106 instructing the connected tracking device 106 to temporarily reduce its effective transmission power or otherwise reduce its effective range.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example community mobile device for use in a tracking system environment, according to one embodiment. As shown, the community mobile device 104 may include, but is not limited to, a user interface manager 402, a tracking device manager 404, a database manager 406, and a tracking manager 408, each of which may be in communication with one another using any suitable communication technologies. The user interface manager 402, database manager 406, and tracking manager 408 illustrated in FIG. 4 may include similar features and functionality as the user interface manager 302, database manager 306, and tracking manager 308 described above in connection with FIG. 3. It will be recognized that although managers 402-408 are shown to be separate in FIG. 4, any of the managers 402-408 may be combined into fewer managers, such as into a single manager, or divided into more managers as may serve a particular embodiment.
The community mobile device 104 may include a tracking device manager 404. The tracking device manager 404 may facilitate scanning for nearby tracking devices 106. In some configurations, the tracking device manager 404 can continuously or periodically scan (e.g., once per second) for nearby tracking devices 106. The tracking device manager 404 may determine whether to provide an updated location of the nearby tracking device 106 to the tracking system 100. In some configurations, the tracking device manager 404 provides a location of a nearby tracking device 106 automatically. Alternatively, the tracking device manager 404 may determine whether the location of the tracking device 106 has been recently updated, and may determine whether to provide an updated location based on the last time a location of the tracking device 106 has been updated (e.g., by the community mobile device 104). For example, where the community mobile device 104 has provided a recent update of the location of a tracking device 106, the tracking device manager 404 may decide to wait a predetermined period of time (e.g., 5 minutes) before providing an updated location of the same tracking device 106.
In one configuration, the tracking device manager 404 may receive and process a location request or other information relayed to the community mobile device 104 by the tracking system 100. For example, the tracking device manager 404 may receive an indication of a tracking device 106 that has been indicated as lost, and provide a location of the tracking device 106 if it comes within proximity of the community mobile device 104. In some configurations, the community mobile device 104 is constantly scanning nearby areas to determine if there is a tracking device 106 within a proximity of the community mobile device 104. Therefore, where a tracking device 106 that matches information provided by the tracking system 100 (e.g., from the location request) comes within proximity of the community mobile device 104, the tracking device manager 404 may generate and transmit a response to the location request to the tracking system 100, which may be provided to the user 103 associated with the tracking device 106. Further, generating and transmitting the response to the tracking request may be conditioned on the status of the tracking device 106 being flagged as lost by the mobile device 102 and/or the tracking system 100.
The tracking device manager 404 may additionally provide other information to the tracking system 100 in response to receiving the tracking request. For example, in addition to providing a location of the community mobile device 104, the tracking device manager may provide a signal strength associated with the location to indicate a level of proximity to the location of the community mobile device 104 provided to the user 103. For example, if a signal strength is high, the location provided to the user 103 is likely to be more accurate than a location accompanied by a low signal strength. This may provide additional information that the user 103 may find useful in determining the precise location of tracking device 106.
As described above, the tracking device manager 404 may determine whether to send a location within the proximity of the tracking device 106 to the tracking system 100. The determination of whether to send a location to the tracking system 100 may be based on a variety of factors. For example, a tracking device manager 404 may determine to send a location of the tracking device 106 to a tracking system 100 based on whether the detected tracking device 106 has been indicated as lost or if a tracking request has been provided to the community mobile device 104 for the particular tracking device 106. In some configurations, the community mobile device 104 may send an update of a location of a tracking device 106 even if the tracking device 106 is not associated with a current tracking request or if the tracking device 106 is not indicated as lost. For example, where the location of a tracking device 106 has not been updated for a predetermined period of time, the community mobile device 104 may provide an update of a tracking device location to the tracking system 100, regardless of whether a tracking request has been received.
In some configurations, the community mobile device 104 may include additional features. For example, the community mobile device 104 may allow a tracking system 100 to snap and download a photo using photo functionality of the community mobile device 104. In some configurations, this may be an opt-in feature by which a community user 105 permits a tracking system 100 to take a snap-shot and possibly provide a visual image of an area within a proximity of the tracking device 106.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example tracking device for use in a tracking system environment, according to one embodiment. The tracking device 106 of FIG. 5 includes an interface 502, a transceiver 504, a controller 506, one or more sensors 508, and a GPS unit 510. The transceiver 504 is a hardware circuit capable of both transmitting and receiving signals. It should be noted that in other embodiments, the tracking device 106 includes fewer, additional, or different components than those illustrated in FIG. 5.
The interface 502 provides a communicative interface between the tracking device 106 and one or more other devices, such as a mobile device 102. For instance, the interface 502 can instruct the transceiver 504 to output beacon signals as described above (for example, periodically or in response to a triggering event, such as a detected movement of the tracking device 106). The interface 502 can, in response to the receiving of signals by the transceiver 504 from, for instance, the mobile device 102, manage a pairing protocol to establish a communicative connection between the tracking device 106 and the mobile device 102. As noted above, the pairing protocol can be a BLE connection, though in other embodiments, the interface 502 can manage other suitable wireless connection protocols (such as WiFi, Global System for Mobile Communications or GSM, and the like).
The controller 506 is a hardware chip that configures the tracking device 106 to perform one or more functions or to operate in one or operating modes or states. For instance, the controller 506 can configure the interval at which the transceiver broadcasts beacon signals, can authorize or prevent particular devices from pairing with the tracking device 106 based on information received from the devices and permissions stored at the tracking device, can increase or decrease the transmission strength of signals broadcasted by the transceiver, can configure the interface to emit a ringtone or flash an LED light, can enable or disable various tracking device sensors, can enable or disable a tracking device GPS unit, can enable or disable communicative functionality of the tracking device 106 (such as a GSM transmitter and receiving), can configure the tracking device into a sleep mode or awake mode, can configure the tracking device into a power saving mode, and the like. The controller 506 can configure the tracking device to perform functions or to operate in a particular operating mode based on information or signals received from a device paired with or attempting to pair with the tracking device 106, based on an operating state or connection state of the tracking device 106, based on user-selected settings, based on information stored at the tracking device 106, based on a detected location of the tracking device 106, based on historical behavior of the tracking device 106 (such as a previous length of time the tracking device was configured to operate in a particular mode), based on information received from the sensors 508 or the GPS 510, or based on any other suitable criteria.
The controller 506 can manage the power consumption of the tracking device 106 based on conditions detected by the controller or instructions received from a mobile device 102 or community mobile device 104. The power consumption of the tracking device 106 can be managed by increasing, reducing, or disabling the transmission power of the communicative functionality of the tracking device 106 (thereby increasing, reducing, or disabling the transmission range of the tracking device). For example, the controller 506 can modify the transmission power of communication hardware such as a Bluetooth or GSM radio of the tracking device 106, a GPS or Wi-Fi antenna of the tracking device, or any other suitable functionality of the tracking device.
The sensors 508 can include motion sensors (such as gyroscopes or accelerators), altimeters, orientation sensors, proximity sensors, light sensors, or any other suitable sensor configured to detect an environment of the tracking device 106, a state of the tracking device 106, a movement or location of the tracking device 106, and the like. The sensors 508 are configured to provide information detected by the sensors to the controller 506. The GPS unit 510 is configured to detect a location of the tracking device 106 based on received GPS signals, and is configured to provide detected locations to the controller 506. In some embodiments, the sensors 508 can operate using reduced power, for example, operating with a reduced sampling frequency or transmission power, for example based on instructions from the controller 506.
Power Preservation
In some embodiments, the power consumption of a tracking device 106 can be managed by the tracking device 106, for example based on the instructions of a mobile device 102 or community mobile device 104 connected to the tracking device. For example, the power consumption of a tracking device 106 can be managed based on the detection of an edge of range state between the tracking device and one or more mobile devices 102 or community mobile devices 104. As used herein, an “edge of range state” refers to a mobile device 102 (or a community mobile device 104) and a tracking device 106 when the mobile device is at or close to the edge or periphery of the effective range of the tracking device. The detection of an edge of range state can indicate an inability of the tracking device 106 to maintain a stable connection with the mobile device 102 or the community mobile device 104. In some embodiments, an edge of range state is detected by the mobile device 102 or community mobile device 104, but an edge of range state can also be detected by the tracking device 106. Similarly, once detected, an edge of range state can be determined to have ended based on conditions detected by either the tracking device 106 or the mobile device 102 or community mobile device 104.
When an edge of range state exists between a tracking device 106 and a mobile device, fluctuations in the effective range of the tracking device 106 or fluctuations in the distance between the tracking device and the connected mobile device can result in the tracking device repeatedly connecting and reconnecting with the mobile device. In some embodiments, the tracking device 106 can consume additional power when connecting to a mobile device 102 or a community mobile device 104 relative to maintaining a steady connection to the same mobile device or community mobile device. As the repeated connection and reconnection with a mobile device 102 or community mobile device 104 can result in additional power consumption, the tracking device can implement power preservation methods to reduce unnecessary power consumption while an edge of range state is detected (for instance, in response to an instruction from the mobile device).
In some embodiments, an edge of range state can be detected based on a signal strength of the tracking device 106 detected by a mobile device 102 or community mobile device 104. For example, an edge of range state can be detected when the signal strength of a tracking device 106 detected by a mobile device 102 or community mobile device 104 falls below a given threshold. An edge of range state can also be detected based on a high rate of connections between the tracking device 106 and the mobile device 102 or community mobile device 104. For example, a mobile device can determine that a tracking device 106 is in an edge of range state when the number of unique or different connections (and/or disconnections) to a tracking device 106 by the mobile device exceeds a threshold number of connections in a given period of time. For instance, if four or more connections between the same tracking device 106 and the community mobile device 104 are detected within 90 seconds, the tracking device can be considered to be in an edge of range state.
When in an edge of range state, the tracking device 106 can temporarily operate with a reduced effective transmission range, for example by reducing the transmission power of the tracking device's transmitter. Intentionally reducing the effective range of the tracking device 106 can cause the mobile device 102 or community mobile device 104 previously located at the periphery of the transmission range of the tracking device to be outside the now-reduced effective range of the tracking device. Therefore, reducing the transmission power of the tracking device 106 while in an edge of range state can eliminate repeated connection and reconnection with the same mobile device 102 or community mobile device 104 and reduce the power consumption of the tracking device by preventing the tracking device from being able to connect to the mobile device or community mobile device. In some embodiments, the transmission power of the tracking device 106 is reduced gradually until the connection between the tracking device and the mobile device is severed, but the transmission power of the tracking device can also be reduced by a fixed amount when an edge of range state is detected. In some embodiments, transmission power will not be reduced while the tracking device 106 detects it is in motion, for example by an accelerometer, GPS, or other sensor of the tracking device, despite the detection of an edge of range state.
The transmission power of a tracking device 106 can be restored in response to a determination that the tracking device is no longer in an edge of range state, or in response to one or more factors being satisfied. One such factor is the passage of a threshold amount of time. Similarly, the tracking device 106 can be determined to no longer be in an edge of range state when a mobile device 102 or community mobile device 104 connects to the tracking device 106 while the tracking device 106 is operating with a reduced transmission range. In this case, a mobile device 102 or community mobile device 104 detecting and connecting to a tracking device 106 operating with a reduced transmission range can indicate that a reliable connection between the mobile device and the tracking device can be maintained at the full transmission range of the tracking device.
FIG. 6 illustrates an environment for connecting to a tracking device, according to one embodiment. The environment 600 includes a central tracking device 106, community mobile devices 104e-104i capable of connecting to the tracking device 106, and transmission ranges 622, 623, 624, and 626 representing various distances from the tracking device 106.
The tracking device 106, as described earlier, can communicatively connect with community mobile devices 104 through one or more wireless communications protocols, for example, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), or Wi-Fi. In some embodiments, the effective transmission or communication range of a tracking device 106 is affected by multiple factors including the transmission strength of the tracking device, obstructions between the transmitter and receiver, interference from other wireless or RF emitting systems, and other environmental factors. Additionally, as described earlier, the effective transmission strength of the tracking device 106 can be increased or decreased by the tracking device 106 to change the effective transmission range of the tracking device 106.
Transmission ranges 622, 623, 624, and 626 represent example ranges from the tracking device 106. Similarly, community mobile devices 104e, 104f, 104g, 104h, and 104i represent example community mobile devices capable of connecting with the tracking device 106. Each of the community mobile device 1043e-i is located at a different distance from the tracking device 106, and may be inside one or more of the transmission ranges 622, 623, 624, or 626 (e.g., the community mobile device is nearer to the tracking device than is the range). For example, ranges 624 and 626 represent example intermediate and close transmission ranges to the tracking device 106. In some embodiments, a community mobile device 104 located inside the transmission range 626 can establish and maintain a consistent connection with the tracking device 106, and a community mobile device located inside the transmission range 624 but outside of the transmission range 626 is still very likely to be able to establish and maintain a consistent connection with the tracking device, though less likely than if the community mobile device was located within the transmission range 626. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the community mobile devices 104g and 104h are both within either the range 624 or the range 626 and therefore are likely to be able to maintain a consistent connection with the tracking device 106.
The transmission range 622 can represent an expected maximum range at which a community mobile device 104 can connect to the tracking device 106, for example under average environmental conditions while the tracking device operates using normal transmission power. For example, the community mobile device 104e is outside of the maximum transmission range 622, and therefore cannot detect or attempt to communicate with the tracking device 106 regardless of environmental conditions.
Similarly, the transmission range 623 is an example environmentally reduced range for the tracking device 106 and represents a situation where environmental factors, for example interference, reduce the transmission range of the tracking device 106 to less than the expected maximum range 622. In some embodiments, the effects of environmental factors can fluctuate, causing the effective range of the tracking device 106 to fluctuate correspondingly, for example the effective maximum range of the tracking device can fluctuate between the expected maximum range 622 and the environmentally reduced range 623. Fluctuation of effective range due to environmental factors can lead to a community mobile device 104 being placed in an edge of range state.
For example, the community mobile device 104f is located between the ranges 622 and 623 and can be alternately inside and outside the effective range of the tracking device 106 and correspondingly establish and lose connection with the tracking device. As described above, frequent connection and reconnection between a community mobile device 104 and a tracking device 106 can indicate that the tracking device 106 is in an edge of range state. Therefore, to mitigate the increased power consumption possible when an edge of range state exists between the tracking device 106 and the community mobile device 104f, the tracking device 106 can operate at a reduced transmission power (for instance, in response to the detection of the edge of range state by the community mobile device 104f and a subsequent instruction by the community mobile device to the tracking device to reduce the transmission power of the tracking device). For example, the tracking device 106 can operate using reduced transmission power so that the transmission range 624 is now the effective range of the tracking device. In this example, after the transmission power of the tracking device 106 is reduced, the community mobile device 104f is outside the effective transmission range 624 and therefore cannot connect to the tracking device 106, thereby saving tracking device power consumption otherwise allocated to the re-establishing of connections between the tracking device and the community mobile device.
In some embodiments, an edge of range state is detected based on relative motion between the tracking device 106 and a community mobile device 104, even in the absence of environmental factors. For example, the community mobile device 104i is alternately inside and outside the range 622. Similar to the situation described above, the repetitive motion of the community mobile device 104i causes the tracking device 106 to repeatedly connect and reconnect with the community mobile device causing an edge of range state to be detected, according to one embodiment. Similar to the example above, a temporary reduction in the transmission power of the tracking device 106 can reduce the likelihood of continuous connection and reconnection with the community mobile device 104i. 
According to some implementations, power preservation methods can also be employed when a steady connection is maintained between a tracking device 106 and a community mobile device 104. For example, the community mobile device 104h is within the transmission range 626 and can maintain a steady connection with the tracking device 106. If the community mobile device 104 detects a signal strength from the tracking device associated with the transmission range 622 that is greater than a threshold signal strength, for example a signal strength indicating that the community mobile device 104h is within the transmission range 626, the tracking device 106 can be instructed to reduce transmission power. The transmission power of the tracking device 106 can be reduced so that the range 624 is the effective range of the tracking device. Because the community mobile device 104h is still well within the effective range of the tracking device 106 even when its effective range is reduced to the transmission range 624, connectivity between the tracking device and the community mobile device will not be impacted, and power is preserved by the tracking device by reducing the transmission power from the transmission range 622 to the transmission range 624.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a process for managing a tracking device in an edge of range state, according to one embodiment. The process 700 begins when an edge of range state with a tracking device is detected 710. For example if the process 700 is executing on a mobile device 102 or community mobile device 104, the mobile device or community mobile device can detect an edge of range state between the tracking device and the mobile device. The tracking device can then be instructed 720 to temporarily reduce its maximum connection range, for example, by reducing transmission power. The tracking device can instruct itself to reduce transmission power (in response to the tracking device determining that a mobile device is in an edge of range state), or a mobile device can instruct the tracking device to reduce transmission power (in response to an instruction from a mobile device that detected an edge of range state of the mobile device). After the transmission power is reduced, if the tracking device is again detected 730, for example by the mobile device 102 or community mobile device 104, or by the tracking device itself, it can be inferred that the tracking device is no long in the edge of range state and that therefore the transmission range of the tracking device can be restored 750 (for instance, in response to an instruction from a mobile device or from the tracking device). Alternately, if no tracking device is detected 730, the transmission range of the tracking device can be restored 750 after a threshold amount of time has passed 745. In either situation, if the edge of range state is still detected, after the transmission range of the tracking device is restored, the process 700 can be repeated. Otherwise, the process 700 ends.
Additional Considerations
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purpose of illustration; it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Persons skilled in the relevant art can appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure.
Any of the devices or systems described herein can be implemented by one or more computing devices. A computing device can include a processor, a memory, a storage device, an I/O interface, and a communication interface, which may be communicatively coupled by way of communication infrastructure. Additional or alternative components may be used in other embodiments. In particular embodiments, a processor includes hardware for executing computer program instructions by retrieving the instructions from an internal register, an internal cache, or other memory or storage device, and decoding and executing them. The memory can be used for storing data or instructions for execution by the processor. The memory can be any suitable storage mechanism, such as RAM, ROM, flash memory, solid state memory, and the like. The storage device can store data or computer instructions, and can include a hard disk drive, flash memory, an optical disc, or any other suitable storage device. The I/O interface allows a user to interact with the computing device, and can include a mouse, keypad, keyboard, touch screen interface, and the like. The communication interface can include hardware, software, or a combination of both, and can provide one or more interfaces for communication with other devices or entities.
Some portions of this description describe the embodiments of the invention in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on information. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are commonly used by those skilled in the data processing arts to convey the substance of their work effectively to others skilled in the art. These operations, while described functionally, computationally, or logically, are understood to be implemented by computer programs or equivalent electrical circuits, microcode, or the like. Furthermore, it has also proven convenient at times, to refer to these arrangements of operations as modules, without loss of generality. The described operations and their associated modules may be embodied in software, firmware, hardware, or any combinations thereof.
Any of the steps, operations, or processes described herein may be performed or implemented with one or more hardware or software modules, alone or in combination with other devices. In one embodiment, a software module is implemented with a computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium containing computer program code, which can be executed by a computer processor for performing any or all of the steps, operations, or processes described.
Embodiments of the invention may also relate to an apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, and/or it may comprise a general-purpose computing device selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, which may be coupled to a computer system bus. Furthermore, any computing systems referred to in the specification may include a single processor or may be architectures employing multiple processor designs for increased computing capability.
Embodiments of the invention may also relate to a product that is produced by a computing process described herein. Such a product may comprise information resulting from a computing process, where the information is stored on a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium and may include any embodiment of a computer program product or other data combination described herein.
Finally, the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and it may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. It is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by any claims that issue on an application based hereon. Accordingly, the disclosure of the embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.

## Claims

1. A method for conserving power for a tracking device, the method comprising:
establishing, by the tracking device, a communicative connection with a mobile device, the tracking device having a first transmission range;
receiving, by the tracking device from the mobile device, an instruction to reduce the transmission range of the tracking device to a second transmission range smaller than the first transmission range, the instruction sent in response to a detection of a threshold number of disconnections between the tracking device and the mobile device;
reducing, by the tracking device, the transmission range of the tracking device to the second transmission range such that the communication connection between the tracking device and the mobile device is severed; and
in response to re-establishing a connection with the mobile device while the transmission range of the tracking device is the second transmission range, increasing, by the tracking device, the transmission range of the tracking device to the first transmission range.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein reducing the transmission range of the tracking device comprises reducing an effective transmission power of a transmitter of the tracking device from a first transmission power to a second transmission power lower than the first transmission power.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein increasing the transmission range of the tracking device to the first transmission range comprises increasing the effective transmission power of the transmitter of the tracking device from the second transmission power to the first transmission power.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein reducing the transmission range of the tracking device comprises iteratively reducing an effective transmission power of a transmitter of the tracking device until the communication connection between the tracking device and the mobile device is severed.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the mobile device is additionally configured to send the instruction to reduce the transmission range in response to a signal strength of the tracking device detected by the mobile device being lower than a threshold signal strength.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to a passage of a pre-determined interval of time without re-establishing a connection with the mobile device, increasing, by the tracking device, the transmission range of the tracking device to the first transmission range.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the tracking device from the mobile device, a second instruction to reduce the transmission range of the tracking device to the second transmission range, the second instruction sent in response to a determination by the mobile device that the signal strength of the tracking device detected by the mobile device is greater than a threshold signal strength.

8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium containing instructions that when executed by a processor of a tracking device cause the tracking device to perform the steps of:
establishing, by the tracking device, a communicative connection with a mobile device, the tracking device having a first transmission range;
receiving, by the tracking device from the mobile device, an instruction to reduce the transmission range of the tracking device to a second transmission range smaller than the first transmission range, the instruction sent in response to a detection of a threshold number of disconnections between the tracking device and the mobile device;
reducing, by the tracking device, the transmission range of the tracking device to the second transmission range such that the communication connection between the tracking device and the mobile device is severed; and
in response to re-establishing a connection with the mobile device while the transmission range of the tracking device is the second transmission range, increasing, by the tracking device, the transmission range of the tracking device to the first transmission range.

9. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein reducing the transmission range of the tracking device comprises reducing an effective transmission power of a transmitter of the tracking device from a first transmission power to a second transmission power lower than the first transmission power.

10. The computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein increasing the transmission range of the tracking device to the first transmission range comprises increasing the effective transmission power of the transmitter of the tracking device from the second transmission power to the first transmission power.

11. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein reducing the transmission range of the tracking device comprises iteratively reducing an effective transmission power of a transmitter of the tracking device until the communication connection between the tracking device and the mobile device is severed.

12. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the mobile device is additionally configured to send the instruction to reduce the transmission range in response to a signal strength of the tracking device detected at the mobile device being lower than a threshold signal strength.

13. The computer readable medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions for:
in response to a passage of a pre-determined interval of time without re-establishing a connection with the mobile device, increasing, by the tracking device, the transmission range of the tracking device to the first transmission range.

14. The computer readable medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions for:
receiving, by the tracking device from the mobile device, a second instruction to reduce the transmission range of the tracking device to the second transmission range, the second instruction sent in response to a determination by the mobile device that the signal strength of the tracking device detected by the mobile device is greater than a threshold signal strength.

15. A tracking device comprising:
a tracking device interface, the tracking device interface configured to:
establish a communicative connection with a mobile device, the tracking device having a first transmission range; and
receive, from the mobile device, an instruction to reduce the transmission range of the tracking device to a second transmission range smaller than the first transmission range, the instruction sent in response to a detection of a threshold number of disconnections between the tracking device and the mobile device; and

a tracking device controller, the tracking device controller configured to:
reduce the transmission range of the tracking device to the second transmission range such that the communication connection between the tracking device and the mobile device is severed; and
in response to re-establishing a connection with the mobile device while the transmission range of the tracking device is the second transmission range, increase the transmission range of the tracking device to the first transmission range.

16. The tracking device of claim 15, further comprising a transceiver and wherein reducing the transmission range of the tracking device comprises reducing an effective transmission power of the transceiver from a first transmission power to a second transmission power lower than the first transmission power.

17. The tracking device of claim 16, wherein increasing the transmission range of the tracking device to the first transmission range comprises increasing the effective transmission power of the transceiver from the second transmission power to the first transmission power.

18. The tracking device of claim 15, wherein reducing the transmission range of the tracking device comprises iteratively reducing an effective transmission power of the transceiver until the communication connection between the tracking device and the mobile device is severed.

19. The tracking device of claim 15, wherein the mobile device is additionally configured to send the instruction to reduce the transmission range in response to a signal strength of the tracking device detected at the mobile device being lower than a threshold signal strength.

20. The tracking device of claim 15, wherein the tracking device controller is further configured to:
in response to a passage of a pre-determined interval of time without re-establishing a connection with the mobile device, increasing, by the tracking device, the transmission range of the tracking device to the first transmission range.