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Tech > Services & Software 

Sun builds software to slice up 

servers 

Small-town living. 

Big city 

The next version of Solaris will include software for dividing 

servers up into independent partitions, a departure for the 

company. 

Ste11hen Shankland 

Nov. 13, 2003 9:57 a.m. PT 

4 min read ~ 

SAN FRANCISCO--With its next version of the Solaris operating 

system, Sun Microsystems plans to take a new direction with its 

technology to divide a server into a large number of independent 

partitions. 

The company is moving, for the first time, toward using software and 

not just hardware to create partitions. The software technology, called 

"zones,'' is scheduled to arrive in Solaris 10 in 2004, Jonathan 

Schwartz, head of Sun's software group, said Wednesday in a meeting 

with reporters here. It is an expansion of the "containers" technology in 

Solaris 9, which gives a particular group of computing processes--

known as a task--guaranteed access to resources such as memory. 

With the zones technology, code-named Kevlar, a server is effectively 

divided into independent sections, each appearing to have its own 

operating system, each of which can be administered or rebooted 

separately, Schwartz said. 

Partitions, a technology that has matured on expensive mainframe 

servers, let a customer run several chores on a single system more 

gracefully. Ideally, partitions can be created on the fly or their sizes 

can be changed to accommodate changing workload demands. 

There is one major difference between Sun's strategy with partitions 

and that of its rivals, according to Schwartz. Solaris' partitioning 

capabilities work not only on Sun servers using the company's own 

UltraSparc processors, but also on servers using x86 processors such 

as Intel's Xeon or Advanced Micro Devices' Opteron, he said. 

"It'll work on a machine bought from (electronics retailer) Fry's" as well 

as servers from companies such as Hewlett-Packard or Dell, Schwartz 

said. "Every innovation to Solaris-Sparc will be synchronously added 

to Solaris-Opteron and Solaris-x86." 

The zones technology could be a compelling reason for customers to 

embrace Solaris on x86 processors, because it brings a useful but 

hard-to-get feature to Intel servers. That version of the operating 

system has languished within Sun and the combination is outsold by 

Linux, even in Sun's product line. 

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•• 1 nis potentIa11y I00Ks IIKe a reason to go Tor ::;0Ians on xtlb Tor largescale infrastructures," RedMonk analyst James Governor said. 

IBM and HP offer partitioning on Intel servers today through use of 

VMware software, which can run Linux or Microsoft Windows in 

separate partitions. Microsoft is working on partitioning technology 

obtained through its acquisition of Connectix. 

Getting into the zone 

Partitioning is increasingly important because it helps enable two 

cost-cutting moves: the consolidation of numerous small servers onto 

a single easier-to-manage machine, and the use of utility computing 

technology, which often requires computers in formerly separate 

domains to be united. 

"Everybody wants to be a mainframe," Governor said, and Sun isn't the 

only one working on the challenge. "It's still pretty early days for IBM 

and HP in this area. They have mainframe envy, too," when it comes to 

Unix servers. 

Sun, based in Santa Clara, Calif., was a pioneer in offering partitions in 

Unix servers, using the 64-processor E10000 it acquired from Cray in 

the 1990s. Those partitions, however, were so-called physical 

partitions, based in how the hardware worked. Software-based "logical 

partitions"--the approach generally favored by IBM--have not been an 

option for Sun customers. Hewlett-Packard's partitioning technology 

includes both options. 

In earlier years, Sun argued physical partitions were better, because 

the electrical isolation between partitions guaranteed that one 

partition would keep on working even if another collapsed as a result 

of major hardware failure. Now, though, Sun is changing its tune, 

saying customers want both types. 

With Sun's zones technology, a single server will be able to have 

hundreds of zones, Schwartz said. An administrator of one zone won't 

be able to affect another zone, he added. 

Tim Marsland, the chief technology officer of Sun's operating platform 

group, said it would be possible to reassign resources to zones in 

response to changing demands. The assignment will be done either 

manually or automatically, according to preset polices. In addition, the 

technology will feature a read-only shared file system, so that 

partitions will be able to draw upon the same data or files. That means 

the data won't have to be stored multiple times for each partition, 

according to Marsland. 

Zones won't be fully independent, though, Sun said. They often will 

share the same kernel, or heart, of Solaris. If something causes that 

kernel to crash, one partition's problem could affect another. 

Schwartz said other partition technologies, such as IBM's Hypervisor 

layer, have equivalent issues. "There's a single point of failure for every 

global technology," he said. 

In recent months, Sun executives have argued that the company has 

shown loyalty to its Unix customers by supporting a version of Solaris 

for the widely used Intel servers based on Xeon chips. For that market, 

IBM and Hewlett-Packard advocate use of Linux or Windows; they 

support their versions of Unix only on machines running in-house 

processors or--in HP's case--running Intel's high-end, but not widely 

used, ltanium. 

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Sun supports Linux and Xeon servers, but its own software and 

hardware come first. "We are in the business to sell our intellectual 

property, not to resell others'," Schwartz said. 

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Today's Wordle Hints and Answer: 

Help for May 22, #1068 

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May 21, 2024 8:00 p.m. PT 

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