EXHIBIT C

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Dictionary of 

Computer and 

Internet Terms 

Tenth Edition 

Douglas A. Downing, Ph.D. 

School of Business and Economics 

Seattle Pacific University 

Michael A. Covington, Ph.D. 

Artificial Intelligence Center 

The University of Georgia 

Melody Mauldin Covington 

Covington Innovations 

Athens, Georgia 

Catherine Anne Covington 

Covington Innovations 

Athens, Georgia 

With the assistance of 

Sharon Covington 

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ABOUT THE AUTHORS 

Douglas Downing teaches economics and quantitative methocls at the School of 

Business and Economics at Seattle Pacific University. He is the author of several 

books in both Barron's Easy Way and Business Review series. He is also the author 

of Java Programming the Easy Way and Dictionary of Mathematics Terms, published 

by Barron's Educational Series, Inc. He holds the Ph.D. degree in economics from 

Yale University. 

Michael Covington is Associate Director of the Artificial Intelligence Institute at 

the University of Georgia. He is the author of several books and over 250 magazine 

articles. He holds the Ph.D. degree in linguistics from Yale University. 

Melody Mauldin Covington is a graphic designer living in Athens, Georgia. She 

is the author of Dictionary of Desktop Publishing (published by Barron's). 

Catherine Anne Covington is a student at the Lamar Dodd School of Art 

(University of Georgia). 

Sharon Covington is a student at Emory University. 

©Copyright2009,2006,2003,2000, 1998, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1989, 

and 1986 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc. 

All rights reserved. 

No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed in 

any form or by any means without the written permission 

of the copyright owner. 

All inquiries should be addressed to: 

Barron's Educational Series, Inc. 

250 Wireless Boulevard 

Hauppauge, NY 11788 

www.barronseduc.com 

ISBN-13: 978-0-7641-4105-8 

ISBN-10: 0-7641-4105-8 

Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 2008044365 

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 

Downing, Douglas. 

Dictionary of computer and Internet terms I Douglas A. Downing, 

Michael A. Covington, Melody Mauldin Covington. - 10th ed. 

p. cm. 

ISBN 978-0-7641-4105-8 

1. Computers-Dictionaries. 2. Internet-Dictionaries. I. Covington, 

Michael A., 1957- II. Covington, Melody Mauldin. III. Title. 

QA76.15.D667 2009 

004.03-dc22 

PRINTED JN CHINA 

987654321 

2008044365 

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15 AirPort 

affiliate program a promotional program whereby a business makes payments or provides free services to others who refer customers to them. 

For example, many web sites participate in the affiliate program of AMAZON.COM to sel1 books. 

afk online abbreviation for "away from keyboard." 

agent a piece of software that performs a service for someone, usually 

silently and automatically. For example, an agent might run on a CLIENT 

computer to keep the SERVER informed of its needs. 

aggregation point a point where signals from different wireless network 

nodes are collected and then connected by wire to the rest of the Internet. 

AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) a fast bus connection that allows the 

graphics adapter to communicate with the CPU at a higher speed than 

the conventional ISA, EISA, or PCI bus. AGP was introduced with 

Intel's Pentium II processor. 

Al see ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. 

AIM AOL Instant Messenger; an application that allows computer users to 

correspond with friends while online. A competing service is Microsoft's 

Windows LIVE MESSENGER. A key feature of IM programs is their ability 

to display your status, whether "Online" or "Away," to your regular contacts. IM programs also allow you to designate "Friends" and provide 

the ability to block communication with unwanted persons. IM messages are typically brief and heavily abbreviated. Icons are sometimes 

used to express emotions. 

Messaging programs are also becoming popular with businesses, 

especially when members of a tight-knit work group are traveling. 

airbrush a tool available in some paint programs that simulates the effect 

of spraying paint; the edges are soft and the colors are translucent. The 

softness of the edge, size of the spray pattern, and the degree of opaqueness can be control]ed (see Figure 5). 

In bitmap-editing programs that.do not offer an airbrush tool, there is 

usually a SPRAY CAN, which is basically a coarser version of the airbrush. 

FIGURE 5. Airbrush 

AirPort trade name used by Apple for various wireless networking 

adapters for the MACINTOSH. 

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