EXHIBIT 12

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U.S. Patent No. 7,599,379 

Claim 7 Identification 

[7pre] A wireless architecture, comprising: 

To the extent the preamble is limiting, the OnePlus 9 provides a wirFor example, a OnePlus 9 (“UE”) provides VoLTE (Voice over LTTerm Evolution (LTE) network and a 5G New Radio (NR) network 

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Claim 7 Identification 

Source: Analysis of Power consumption in 4G VoLTE and 5G VoNIEEE 27th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling a

Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD). 

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Claim 7 Identification 

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Claim 7 Identification 

https://www.oneplus.com/us/9/specs 

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Claim 7 Identification 

https://www.t-mobile.com/cell-phone/oneplus-9-5g 

[7a] a first network type operable to communicate with a station; and 

A wireless architecture comprises a first network type operable to cfor example, a UE. An example of a “first network type” is VoLTE cellular network (4

[7b] an interoperability node operable on the architecture to: 

An interoperability node is operable on the architecture. For example, hardware/software on the OnePlus 9 (UE) comprises is operable on the architecture as shown previously. 

[7c] communicate with multiple different network protocols; 

The interoperability node communicates with multiple different netThe UE communicates with 3GPP LTE 4G and/or 5G protocol (one protocol) and with the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (another exprotocol) on the IMS network. 

[7d] consolidate the registration process on multiple different network protocols; and 

The interoperability node consolidates the registration process on mprotocols. The UE consolidates the registration process on multiple different n

example, with 3GPP LTE 4G and/or 5G protocol (one example of a the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (another example of a differen

IMS network. 

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Claim 7 Identification 

Source: https://www.gsma.com/futurenetworks/wp-content/uploadsService-Description-and-Implementation-Guidelines-Version-2.0.p

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Claim 7 Identification 

“3.2.1 VoLTE UE Attachment and IMS Registration 3.2.1.1 General A VoLTE UE, under LTE coverage, shall automatically perform an 

IMS registration for VoLTE, if the network supports VoLTE (for fuconditions for IMS registration see section 2.2.1 of GSMA IR.92 [5VoLTE UE shall be available for VoLTE services (i.e. incoming casupplementary services), similar to the voice experience in today's CSource: https://www.gsma.com/futurenetworks/wp-content/uploadsService-Description-and-Implementation-Guidelines-Version-2.0.p“3.2.1.3 Detailed Description VoLTE UE Attach .... The MME sends an Attach Accept to the eNodeB with the IMS-AP

QoS parameters, PCO, IMS Voice over PS supported indication, TAcontainer, etc. The eNodeB communicates with the UE to update thincludes the information received from the core network as part of t

The UE sends the Attach Complete message to the eNodeB, which this time, the UE is capable of sending uplink packets. The MME in

Request to the SGW including the EPS Bearer Identity, eNodeB adThe SGW acknowledges the request to the MME and is capable of At this stage, the VoLTE UE is attached to the network via a defaul

for IMS Signalling.” Source: https://www.gsma.com/futurenetworks/wp-content/uploadsService-Description-and-Implementation-Guidelines-Version-2.0.p“7.2.1 IMS registration via CS access 7.2.1.1 Overview 

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Claim 7 Identification 

If the MSC Server enhanced for ICS implements the Combined CS procedure as specified in Annex G, the UE accessing the network vauthenticated and registered by this procedure, otherwise the follow

The UE may register (attach) in the CS domain whenever in CS cov

management mechanisms are used in the UE and the CS network. When performing a successful Location Update for the UE, the MSsubscriber data from the HSS/HLR. This subscriber data may incluVPLMN.” See 3GPP TS 23.292 V.16.0.0 at pp. 22-24. When a UE obtains connectivity from an LTE network, the IMS regdescribed in Section 5.2.2.3 of 3GPP TS 23.228. “5.2.2.3 Registration information flow – User not registered The application level registration can be initiated after the registratiperformed, and after IP connectivity for the signalling has been gainFor the purpose of the registration information flows, the user is coroaming. For user roaming in their home network, the home networ

the visited network elements and the home network elements. Figure 5.1: Registration – User not registered 

1. After the UE has obtained IP connectivity, it can perform the 

the UE sends the Register information flow to the proxy (PubUser Identity, home network domain name, UE IP address, InSupport Indication). ...” 

See 3GPP TS 23.228 V.16.0.0 at pp. 75-76. 

[7e] register a station in one or more other network types by: 

The interoperability node registers a station in one or more other ne

 Example of a “first network type”: VoLTE cellular network 

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Claim 7 Identification 

 Example of “other network types”: IP Multimedia Subsyste

As discussed in [7d] above the interoperability node in the UE regis

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[7f] identifying a particular protocol specific registration process from a number of protocol specific registration processes; 

The interoperability node identifies a particular protocol specific renumber of protocol specific registration processes. As discussed in [7d] above, the protocol specific registration procesaccess that the station has. 

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Claim 7 Identification 

[7g] utilizing the particular protocol specific registration process to directly access information from a network being signaled; 

The interoperability node utilizes the particular protocol specific re

access information from a network being signaled.  An example of “utilizing the particular protocol specific registratio

(interoperability node) registers with the cellular network using LT

messages. As part of this process the core network establishes a def

be used (by the VoLTE UE) for IMS SIP over IP signaling. The eN

details to the VoLTE UE (RRC Connection Reconfiguration). The bearer. 

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Claim 7 Identification 

Source: https://www.gsma.com/futurenetworks/wp-content/uploadsService-Description-and-Implementation-Guidelines-Version-2.0.p“The MME sends an Attach Accept to the eNodeB with the IMS-AQoS parameters, PCO, IMS Voice over PS supported indication, TA

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Claim 7 Identification 

container, etc. The eNodeB communicates with the UE to update thincludes the information received from the core network as part of tThe UE sends the Attach Complete message to the eNodeB, which this time, the UE is capable of sending uplink packets. The MME in

Request to the SGW including the EPS Bearer Identity, eNodeB adThe SGW acknowledges the request to the MME and is capable of At this stage, the Vol TE UE is attached established for IMS SignalSource: https://www.gsma.com/futurenetworks/wp-content/uploadsService-Description-and-Implementation-Guidelines-Version-2.0.p

[7h] and completing the particular protocol specific registration process based upon the accessed information. 

The interoperability node completes the particular protocol specific 

upon the accessed information. An example of “completing the particular protocol specific registra

UE carries out IMS registration (“other network type”) using the IP the “accessed information”. The data bearer is used to carry SIP Reprotocol messages between the UE (the interoperability node) and t

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Claim 7 Identification 

Source: https://www.gsma.com/futurenetworks/wp-content/uploadsService-Description-and-Implementation-Guidelines-Version-2.0.p

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