1

Filed 12/22/15 In re F.B. CA3

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication 

or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT

(Shasta)

----

In re F.B., Jr., et al., Persons Coming Under 

the Juvenile Court Law.

C078850

SHASTA COUNTY HEALTH AND 

HUMAN SERVICES AGENCY,

Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

F.B., Sr., et al.,

Defendants and Appellants.

(Super. Ct. Nos. 

11JVSQ29062-01,

11JVSQ29063-01,

11JVSQ29064-01,

11JVSQ29065-01)

Mother of the four minors appeals from the juvenile court’s orders denying her 

petitions for modification and terminating her parental rights with respect to the two 

younger minors. Father of the two younger minors also appeals the termination of his 

parental rights. (Welf. & Inst. Code, §§ 395, 388, 366.26.)1 Both appellants contend the 

juvenile court erred in not finding the sibling relationship exception to adoption applied. 

 

1 Undesignated statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.
2

Mother also contends the juvenile court erred in failing to find the beneficial parental 

relationship exception to adoption applied and in denying her petitions for modification. 

We affirm. 

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

On October 22, 2011, a Redding police officer responded to a welfare check at the 

parents’ home. The home was found to be unsanitary, without electricity, and with no 

edible food. Animal feces were found on the floor in every room of the house and dishes 

were stacked high in the kitchen with rotting food. The home had a strong odor of urine, 

feces, and garbage. Minors B.S. (then age nine), M.W. (then age seven), A.B. (then age 

two), and F.B., Jr. (then age 19 months), were tired and unbathed, and their belongings 

smelled of urine and feces.

Two days later, social workers investigated the home and also found it filthy as 

described by the police officer. The parents stated that the electricity had been turned off 

due to financial problems and the condition of the house was “ ‘getting away from 

[them].’ ” They agreed the condition of the home was unsafe and that the minors should 

stay out of the home until the threat of safety was eliminated. 

The parents had had 15 prior referrals since 2002 due to unsanitary and unfit 

housing conditions. They had had three previous voluntary cases opened and had been 

offered services, but the unsuitable housing conditions returned after the cases were 

closed. B.S. had been in foster care three times before, and M.W. had been in foster care 

once before.

A section 300 petition was filed on behalf of all four minors in October 2011, 

alleging they were at risk due to the unfit conditions of the home. (§ 300, subd. (b)—

failure to protect.) The juvenile court found the allegations true, declared the minors 
3

dependents of the court, removed them from the parents’ custody and ordered that 

reunification services be provided. 

Initially, the reunification services ordered centered on parenting and maintaining 

suitable living conditions. The parents had completed substance abuse assessments in 

November 2011 and no services were recommended. The parents had completed a 

domestic violence assessment inventory in December 2011, which indicated no need for 

domestic violence services. After an incident in December 2012, wherein father was 

responsible for significant bruising to mother, domestic violence services were added. 

After mother failed to take a random drug test and both parents tested positive for opiates 

on another occasion when neither had a valid prescription, further inquiry regarding the 

parents’ opiate use was made. It was discovered that father had been provided opiate 

prescriptions at emergency room visits 10 times over the previous two years. Mother had 

been provided opiate prescriptions on 24 occasions over the previous two years.2 

Accordingly, in November 2013, substance abuse services were added to the parents’ 

case plan.

During the course of reunification services, home visits continued to reveal 

deplorable living conditions, including cat urine, choking hazards, insulin needles on 

tables, and decaying food. On January 6, 2014, reunification services were terminated. 

Visitation was reduced to once a month for one hour, fully supervised. 

Mother filed petitions for modification of the order terminating her reunification 

services on May 20, 2014. She alleged she had obtained an AA/NA (Alcoholics 

Anonymous/Narcotics Anonymous) sponsor, attended required meetings, moved to sober 

living housing, and been clean and sober for seven months. She sought return of the 

minors with family maintenance services. 

 

2 Mother had also used opiates during her pregnancies with the two youngest minors. 
4

The hearing on the petitions did not take place until March 2015, in combination 

with the section 366.26 hearing. The juvenile court denied mother’s petitions to modify, 

finding “no change in circumstances.” In making its ruling, the juvenile court expressly 

found mother’s testimony “replete with inconsistencies.” Thereafter, the juvenile court 

found A.B. and F.B., Jr.—the two younger minors who were placed in a prospective 

adoptive home—to be adoptable and terminated parental rights as to those minors. The 

juvenile court did not terminate parental rights as to B.S., for whom it made a plan of 

long-term care with a goal of adoption. It also did not terminate parental rights as to 

M.W., whom it found was not likely to be adopted.

Additional facts relevant to the issues presented are contained in the discussion of 

the issues. 

DISCUSSION

I. Mother’s Petitions for Modification

Mother contends the juvenile court abused its discretion in denying her section 

388 petitions. We find no error. 

Section 388, subdivision (a)(1) provides that a parent of a dependent child may 

petition the juvenile court “upon grounds of change of circumstance or new evidence . . .

for a hearing to change, modify, or set aside any order of court previously made . . . .” 

Section 388 permits modification of a dependency order if a change of circumstance or 

new evidence is shown and if the proposed modification is in the best interests of the 

minor. (In re Kimberly F. (1997) 56 Cal.App.4th 519, 526.)

The party petitioning for modification has the burden of proof by a preponderance 

of the evidence. (In re Casey D. (1999) 70 Cal.App.4th 38, 48.) A modification petition 

“is addressed to the sound discretion of the juvenile court and its decision will not be 

disturbed on appeal in the absence of a clear abuse of discretion.” (In re Jasmon O. 
5

(1994) 8 Cal.4th 398, 415.) Here, as the juvenile court found, mother failed to prove a 

change in circumstances as required by section 388. 

Mother filed her petitions for modification on May 20, 2014. At the time she filed 

her petitions, she understood her case plan to consist of keeping a clean house, 

maintaining a suitable home for the minors, ceasing use of opiates, and attending NA 

meetings. In her petitions, she alleged she had obtained a sponsor and been attending NA 

meetings, been attending options meetings, moved to Parkview Sober Living housing 

(Parkview), and been clean and sober for seven months. 

The hearing on the petitions did not take place until March 16, 2015. Between the 

time her petitions were filed and the hearing on the petitions, social workers had made 

three unannounced home visits, finding unsuitable conditions on all three occasions. On 

August 7, 2014, while the parents were still living at Parkview, the home was found to be 

cluttered with numerous cats and debris all over the floor. On September 15, 2014, also 

while the parents were still living at Parkview, the home was reported as filthy with 

multiple cats and debris all over the floor, as well as a large hole in the wall that appeared 

to be where an air conditioner had once been. On February 9, 2015, after the parents left 

Parkview, and only three months before the hearing, there were cat feces and debris on 

the floor, and the kitchen counters and table were cluttered with debris and old food. On 

all three visits, other unknown adults appeared to be living in the parents’ home.

Also, in the three months prior to the time mother filed her petitions for 

modification, mother had been prescribed opiates on three separate occasions. She 

claimed to have picked up her prescriptions but to have not taken the medication. 

However, at the February 9, 2015 unannounced home visit, mother admitted she was 

taking both Vicodin and codeine.

In support of her argument that she established changed circumstances, mother 

relies almost exclusively on her testimony that she had learned better parenting skills, 
6

admitted fault, kept her house clean, and was capable of preventing the past “incidents” 

from occurring. However, not only did the juvenile court find mother’s testimony to lack 

credibility, the evidence contained in the social worker’s report belied mother’s claims. 

(See In re Christina T. (1986) 184 Cal.App.3d 630, 639 [issues of fact and credibility are 

within province of juvenile court].) Unannounced home visits revealed the condition of 

mother’s home to be unacceptable, and mother was still using opiates. The juvenile court 

did not err in denying mother’s section 388 petitions for modification for failure to 

establish a change in circumstance.

II. Sibling Exception to Adoption

Mother contends the juvenile court erred in declining to apply the sibling 

exception to adoption. Father joins in mother’s argument. We find no error.

At the selection and implementation hearing held pursuant to section 366.26, a 

juvenile court must choose one of the several “ ‘possible alternative permanent plans for 

a minor child. . . . The permanent plan preferred by the Legislature is adoption. 

[Citation.]’ [Citations.] If the court finds the child is adoptable, it must terminate 

parental rights absent circumstances under which it would be detrimental to the child.” 

(In re Ronell A. (1996) 44 Cal.App.4th 1352, 1368.) 

There are only limited circumstances which permit the court to find a “compelling 

reason for determining that termination [of parental rights] would be detrimental to the 

child . . . .” (§ 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(B).) One such circumstance is when “[t]here would 

be substantial interference with a child’s sibling relationship, taking into consideration 

the nature and extent of the relationship, including, but not limited to, whether the child 

was raised with a sibling in the same home, whether the child shared significant common 

experiences or has existing close and strong bonds with a sibling, and whether ongoing 

contact is in the child’s best interest, including the child’s long-term emotional interest, 
7

as compared to the benefit of legal permanence through adoption.” (§ 366.26, subd.

(c)(1)(B)(v).) 

There is a “heavy burden” on the parent opposing adoption under the sibling 

exception. (In re Daniel H. (2002) 99 Cal.App.4th 804, 813.) The authors of the 

legislation adding the sibling exception envisioned that its applicability would “ ‘likely be 

rare.’ ” (In re L. Y. L. (2002) 101 Cal.App.4th 942, 950.) This language has been 

interpreted to mean “that the child’s relationship with his or her siblings would rarely be 

sufficiently strong to outweigh the benefits of adoption.” (Ibid.) “To show a substantial 

interference with a sibling relationship the parent must show the existence of a significant 

sibling relationship, the severance of which would be detrimental to the child. Many 

siblings have a relationship with each other, but would not suffer detriment if that 

relationship ended. If the relationship is not sufficiently significant to cause detriment on 

termination, there is no substantial interference with that relationship.” (In re L. Y. L., at 

p. 952, fn. omitted.) 

The question here is whether the younger minors’ interests in maintaining a 

relationship with the older siblings outweighed the benefit of permanence and stability in 

an adoptive home. Mother argues that all four minors had consistent contact through 

visitation throughout the pendency of the case. She argues that “[a]t the outset, the three 

younger children were said to be forming a strong sibling bond” and that “[u]ntil the very 

end, [B.S.] wanted to be placed with [A.B.] But while there was some evidence that the 

oldest minor B.S. was bonded to her younger sister A.B., and that termination might have 

some detrimental effect on B.S., her interests were not at issue when considering 

adoption of A.B. and F.B., Jr. The court must consider the interests of the adoptive child, 

not the siblings, in determining whether termination would be detrimental to the adoptive 

child. (In re Daniel H., supra, 99 Cal.App.4th at p. 813; In re Celine R. (2003) 

31 Cal.4th 45, 49-50.)
8

With respect to the “strong sibling bond” mother argues the siblings had been 

“forming” at the outset, mother refers to an August 2012 status report, written when 

M.W., A.B., and F.B., Jr., were all placed together and reportedly “forming a strong 

sibling bond.” However, in April 2014, M.W. was removed from the home due to 

behavior problems. Since that time, A.B. and F.B., Jr., had remained placed together in 

the same prospective adoptive home, and separate from B.S. and M.W.

The social worker’s January 2015 report expressly addressed the relationship 

between the siblings as follows: “The siblings are currently visiting twice a month at the 

Foster Family Agency and this contact is arranged by the current caretakers. During 

visits between siblings, [A.B.] and [F.B., Jr.,] mostly play together by themselves and 

there is little interaction between their [older] siblings, [M.W.] and [B.S.] When these 

visits end, there is an easy separation and the children do not present as troubled, 

bothered or concerned about leaving each other. During times of absence between 

siblings, [A.B.] and [F.B., Jr.,] do not ask about their siblings. While they have been 

visiting regularly, the children have no significant bond with one another that would lead 

to substantial interference or detriment once permanency is established.”

Presented with this evidence, the juvenile court did not err in declining to apply 

the sibling exception to adoption.

III. Beneficial Relationship Exception to Adoption

Mother also contends the juvenile court erred by failing to find an exception to 

adoption based on her relationship with the two younger minors. We disagree.

Another circumstance which permits the court to find a “compelling reason for 

determining that termination [of parental rights] would be detrimental to the child” is 

when “[t]he parents have maintained regular visitation and contact with the child and the 

child would benefit from continuing the relationship.” (§ 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(B)(i).) 
9

To prove that the beneficial parental relationship exception applies, the parent 

must show there is a significant, positive emotional attachment between the parent and 

child. (In re Beatrice M. (1994) 29 Cal.App.4th 1411, 1418-1419.) And even if there is 

such a bond, the parent must prove that the parental relationship “ ‘promotes the wellbeing of the child to such a degree as to outweigh the well-being the child would gain in a 

permanent home with new, adoptive parents.’ ” (In re S.B. (2008) 164 Cal.App.4th 289, 

297, quoting In re Autumn H. (1994) 27 Cal.App.4th 567, 575; accord, In re Jasmine D.

(2000) 78 Cal.App.4th 1339, 1347.) “ ‘In other words, the court balances the strength 

and quality of the natural parent[-]child relationship in a tenuous placement against the 

security and the sense of belonging a new family would confer.’ ” (L. Y. L., supra, 

101 Cal.App.4th at p. 953, quoting Autumn H., at p. 575.) “ ‘When the benefits from a 

stable and permanent home provided by adoption outweigh the benefits from a continued 

parent/child relationship, the court should order adoption.’ ” (Jasmine D., supra, 

78 Cal.App.4th at p. 1350; Autumn H., at p. 575.) “Because a section 366.26 hearing 

occurs only after the court has repeatedly found the parent unable to meet the child’s 

needs, it is only in an extraordinary case that preservation of the parent’s rights will 

prevail over the Legislature’s preference for adoptive placement.” (Jasmine D., at 

p. 1350.) 

Here, A.B. was removed from mother’s custody when she was two years old. 

F.B., Jr., was removed when he was 19 months old. Both minors have been in foster care 

for almost their entire lives. Although they may have known mother was their biological 

mother, they had not been in her care and custody for approximately four years. While 

mother visited regularly, visitation had been limited to supervised visitation for only one 

hour a month for over a year, with no evidence of detriment to the minors from the 

limited contact with mother. There was also no evidence that the minors had any 

difficulty leaving mother at the end of visits except a single instance near the end of a 
10

January 2014 visit wherein A.B., after crying from being scolded, responded to mother’s 

statement that she loved A.B. with, “ ‘I want to go home with you.’ ”

Father simply testified that A.B. and F.B., Jr., gave the parents hugs at the 

beginning of visits, which is insufficient to establish a significant, positive emotional 

attachment. And there was evidence A.B. had cried and stated once during a visit that 

she wanted to go home with mother. Although mother described her relationship to the 

minors as close and loving, she points to no other evidence that either A.B. or F.B., Jr.,

would suffer any detriment should parental rights be terminated.

In light of the minors’ young age at removal, the length of time they had been out 

of the parents’ care, and the lack of evidence showing a strong bond that would be 

detrimental to the minors to sever, the trauma they were exposed to while in the parents’ 

care, and the evidence suggesting the minors would be able to bond with their 

prospective adoptive family, the juvenile court was warranted in concluding that the 

advantages of adoption outweighed any benefit to the minors of maintaining a 

relationship with mother. 

DISPOSITION

The orders of the juvenile court are affirmed.

 BUTZ , Acting P. J.

We concur:

 DUARTE , J.

 HOCH , J.