Union Calendar No. 189 

106TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 1883 

[Report No. 106–315, Part I] 

A BILL 

To provide for the application of measures to forservices, or technology, and for other purposes. eign persons who transfer to Iran certain goods, 

SEPTEMBER 14, 1999 

Reported from the Committee on International Relations 

with an amendment 

SEPTEMBER 14, 1999 

Referral to the Committee on Science extended for a 

period ending not later than September 14, 1999 

SEPTEMBER 14, 1999 

Committee on Science discharged; committed to the Comand ordered to be printed mittee of the Whole House on the State of the Union 


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Union Calendar No. 189 

106TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 1883 

[Report No. 106–315, Part I] 

To provide for the application of measures to foreign persons who transfer 

to Iran certain goods, services, or technology, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

MAY 20, 1999 

Mr. GILMAN (for himself, Mr. GEJDENSON, Mr. SENSENBRENNER, and Mr. 

BERMAN) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on International Relations, and in addition to the Committee on 

Science, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in 

each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 

SEPTEMBER 14, 1999 

Reported from the Committee on International Relations with an amendment 

[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

SEPTEMBER 14, 1999 

Referral to the Committee on Science extended for a period ending not later 

than September 14, 1999 

SEPTEMBER 14, 1999 

Additional sponsors: Mr. NORWOOD, Mr. SHOWS, Mr. PASTOR, Mr. BACHUS, 

Mr. FORBES, Mr. STUMP, Mr. CAMPBELL, Mr. KING, Mr. GORDON, Mr. 

ACKERMAN, Mr. BILIRAKIS, Mr. CROWLEY, Mr. SHERMAN, Mr. TIERNEY, 

Mr. GUTIERREZ, Mr. SALMON, Mr. MCGOVERN, Mr. GRAHAM, Mr. 

MCINTOSH, Mr. HOLT, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. FORD, Mr. PALLONE, Mr. 

DIXON, Mrs. MYRICK, Mrs. MORELLA, Mr. ARMEY, Ms. WOOLSEY, Mr. 

DOYLE, Mr. WYNN, Mr. WEINER, Mr. MCCOLLUM, Mr. SCARBOROUGH, 

Mr. COBLE, Mrs. NORTHUP, MR SHADEGG, Mr. GONZALEZ, Mr. FROST, 

Mr. MENENDEZ, Mr. HAYES, Mr. FOLEY, Mrs. LOWEY, Mr. WEXLER, 

Mr. DEUTSCH, Mr. MCNULTY, Mr. HAYWORTH, Mr. KINGSTON, Ms. 

DUNN, Mr. FARR of California, Mrs. THURMAN, Mr. ENGEL, Mr. MCINTYRE, Ms. GRANGER, Mr. WELLER, Mr. SMITH of Washington, Mr. 


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•HR 1883 RH 

MALONEY of Connecticut, Mr. WU, Mr. HORN, Mr. VISCLOSKY, Ms. 

ESHOO, Mr. ETHERIDGE, Mr. LUCAS of Oklahoma, Mr. ROTHMAN, Mr. 

CAMP, Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin, Mr. UNDERWOOD, Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN, 

Mr. STEARNS, Mr. SABO, Mr. PORTER, Mr. MCDERMOTT, Mr. LUCAS of 

Kentucky, Mr. THOMPSON of California, Mr. NETHERCUTT, Mr. KLINK, 

Mr. BLILEY, Mr. GOODLING, Mr. BAIRD, Mr. DEAL of Georgia, Mr. 

TURNER, Mr. WEYGAND, Mr. NADLER, Mr. SIMPSON, Mr. HOLDEN, Mr. 

HOEFFEL, Ms. RIVERS, Mr. BORSKI, Ms. BERKLEY, Mr. DELAY, Mr. 

SHIMKUS, Mr. POMBO, Mr. SESSIONS, Mr. CANNON, Mr. LEVIN, Ms. 

SANCHEZ, Mr. HILL of Montana, Mr. PAYNE, Mr. VENTO, Mr. 

PASCRELL, Mr. METCALF, Mr. HALL of Texas, Mr. CUNNINGHAM, Mr. 

MILLER of Florida, Mr. TANCREDO, Ms. DELAURO, Mrs. MALONEY of 

New York, Mr. ADERHOLT, Mr. DICKS, Mrs. TAUSCHER, Mr. BURR of 

North Carolina, Mr. SWEENEY, Mr. ABERCROMBIE, Mr. DUNCAN, Mr. 

HUNTER, Mr. CLYBURN, Mr. SKELTON, Mr. RODRIGUEZ, Mr. GARY MILLER of California, Mr. LOBIONDO, Mr. LAZIO, Mr. BAKER, Mr. GREEN

of Texas, Mr. KLECZKA, Mr. LATOURETTE, Mr. BATEMAN, Mr. MASCARA, Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. LINDER, Mr. WHITFIELD, Mr. HINCHEY, Mr. 

KNOLLENBERG, Mr. BEREUTER, Mr. WICKER, Mr. BARTON of Texas, 

Mr. SUNUNU, Mr. TERRY, Mr. COSTELLO, Mr. COOK, Mr. BILBRAY, Mr. 

WAXMAN, Mr. FRANK of Massachusetts, Mr. KILDEE, Mr. VITTER, Ms. 

LEE, Mrs. KELLY, Mr. BOEHLERT, Mr. STRICKLAND, Mr. CARDIN, Ms. 

PRYCE of Ohio, Mrs. MCCARTHY of New York, Mr. WATTS of Oklahoma, 

Mr. FLETCHER, Mr. BRYANT, Mr. LARGENT, Ms. DEGETTE, Mr. 

TOWNS, Mr. WOLF, Mrs. CUBIN, Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania, Mr. STUPAK, Mr. MARKEY, Ms. STABENOW, Mr. BLAGOJEVICH, Mr. HEFLEY, 

Mr. DAVIS of Illinois, Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island, Mr. KIND, Mr. 

MATSUI, Mr. ANDREWS, Mr. TIAHRT, Mr. WELDON of Florida, Mr. RYAN

of Wisconsin, Mr. WAMP, Mr. REYNOLDS, Ms. PELOSI, Mr. DEMINT, Mr. 

DELAHUNT, Mr. FOSSELLA, Mrs. NAPOLITANO, Mr. MINGE, Mr. 

PHELPS, Mr. DREIER, Mr. LEWIS of Georgia, Mr. LEACH, Mr. SOUDER, 

Mr. ISAKSON, Mr. TANNER, Mr. KOLBE, Mr. CALVERT, Mr. CRAMER, 

Mr. COYNE, Mr. PICKERING, Mr. BARCIA, Mr. SISISKY, Mrs. MEEK of 

Florida, Mr. FRANKS of New Jersey, Mrs. JONES of Ohio, Mr. SMITH

of Michigan, Mr. ALLEN, Ms. BROWN of Florida, Mr. INSLEE, Mr. 

MOORE, Mr. LARSON, Mr. LUTHER, Mr. SANFORD, Mr. KUYKENDALL, 

Mr. RYUN of Kansas, Mr. CHABOT, Mr. OBERSTAR, Mr. NUSSLE, Mr. 

GILCHREST, Mr. BOYD, Mr. HASTINGS of Florida, Mr. BECERRA, Mr. 

STENHOLM, Mr. RAMSTAD, Mr. OSE, Mr. YOUNG of Alaska, Mr. CLEMENT, Ms. KAPTUR, Mr. LANTOS, Mr. GEPHARDT, Ms. MCCARTHY of Missouri, Mr. WALDEN of Oregon, Mr. HUTCHINSON, AND Mr. SHAYS

SEPTEMBER 14, 1999 

Committee on Science discharged; committed to the Committee of the Whole 

House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed 


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[For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on May 20, 1999] 

A BILL 

To provide for the application of measures to foreign persons 

who transfer to Iran certain goods, services, or technology, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Iran Nonproliferation 

5 Act of 1999’’. 

6 SEC. 2. REPORTS ON PROLIFERATION TO IRAN. 

7 (a) REPORTS.—The President shall, at the times speci8 fied in subsection (b), submit to the Committee on Inter9 national Relations of the House of Representatives and the 

10 Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a report 

11 identifying every foreign person with respect to whom there 

12 is credible information indicating that that person, on or 

13 after January 1, 1999, transferred to Iran— 

14 (1) goods, services, or technology listed on— 

15 (A) the Nuclear Suppliers Group Guidelines 

16 for the Export of Nuclear Material, Equipment 

17 and Technology (published by the International 

18 Atomic Energy Agency as Information Circular 

19 INFCIRC/254/Rev.3/Part 1, and subsequent reviVerDate Aug 31 2005 12:57 May 08, 2006 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\PICKUP\H1883.RH H1883

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1 sions) and Guidelines for Transfers of Nuclear2 Related Dual-Use Equipment, Material, and Re3 lated Technology (published by the International 

4 Atomic Energy Agency as Information Circular 

5 INFCIRC/254/Rev.3/Part 2, and subsequent revi6 sions); 

7 (B) the Missile Technology Control Regime 

8 Equipment and Technology Annex of June 11, 

9 1996, and subsequent revisions; 

10 (C) the lists of items and substances relat11 ing to biological and chemical weapons the ex12 port of which is controlled by the Australia 

13 Group; 

14 (D) the Schedule One or Schedule Two list 

15 of toxic chemicals and precursors the export of 

16 which is controlled pursuant to the Convention 

17 on the Prohibition of the Development, Produc18 tion, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons 

19 and on Their Destruction; or 

20 (E) the Wassenaar Arrangement list of 

21 Dual Use Goods and Technologies and Munitions 

22 list of July 12, 1996, and subsequent revisions; 

23 or 

24 (2) goods, services, or technology not listed on 

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1 theless would be, if they were United States goods, 

2 services, or technology, prohibited for export to Iran 

3 because of their potential to make a material con4 tribution to the development of nuclear, biological, or 

5 chemical weapons, or of ballistic or cruise missile sys6 tems. 

7 (b) TIMING OF REPORTS.—The reports under sub8 section (a) shall be submitted not later than 90 days after 

9 the date of the enactment of this Act, not later than 6 

10 months after such date of enactment, and not later than 

11 the end of each 6-month period thereafter. 

12 (c) EXCEPTIONS.—Any foreign person who— 

13 (1) was identified in a previous report submitted 

14 under subsection (a) on account of a particular trans15 fer, or 

16 (2) has engaged in a transfer on behalf of, or in 

17 concert with, the Government of the United States, 

18 is not required to be identified on account of that same 

19 transfer in any report submitted thereafter under this sec20 tion, except to the degree that new information has emerged 

21 indicating that the particular transfer may have continued, 

22 or been larger, more significant, or different in nature than 

23 previously reported under this section. 

24 (d) SUBMISSION IN CLASSIFIED FORM.—When the 

25 President considers it appropriate, reports submitted under 


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1 subsection (a), or appropriate parts thereof, may be sub2 mitted in classified form. 

3 SEC. 3. APPLICATION OF MEASURES TO CERTAIN FOREIGN 

4 PERSONS. 

5 (a) APPLICATION OF MEASURES.—Subject to sections 

6 4 and 5, the President is authorized to apply with respect 

7 to each foreign person identified in a report submitted pur8 suant to section 2(a), for such period of time as he may 

9 determine, any or all of the measures described in sub10 section (b). 

11 (b) DESCRIPTION OF MEASURES.—The measures re12 ferred to in subsections (a) are the following: 

13 (1) EXECUTIVE ORDER 12938 PROHIBITIONS.— 

14 The measures set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of 

15 section 4 of Executive Order 12938 shall be applied 

16 with respect to that person. 

17 (2) ARMS EXPORT PROHIBITION.—The United 

18 States Government shall not sell to that foreign per19 son any item on the United States Munitions List as 

20 in effect on August 8, 1995, and shall terminate sales 

21 to that person of any defense articles, defense services, 

22 or design and construction services under the Arms 

23 Export Control Act. 

24 (3) DUAL USE EXPORT PROHIBITION.—The 

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1 censes for the transfer to that person of items the ex2 port of which is controlled under the Export Adminis3 tration Act of 1979 or the Export Administration 

4 Regulations. 

5 (c) EFFECTIVE DATE OF MEASURES.—Measures ap6 plied pursuant to subsection (a) shall be effective with re7 spect to a foreign person no later than— 

8 (1) 90 days after the report identifying the for9 eign person is submitted, if the report is submitted on 

10 or before the date required by section 2(b); 

11 (2) 90 days after the date required by section 

12 2(b) for submitting the report, if the report identi13 fying the foreign person is submitted within 60 days 

14 after that date; or 

15 (3) on the date that the report identifying the 

16 foreign person is submitted, if that report is sub17 mitted more than 60 days after the date required by 

18 section 2(b). 

19 (d) PUBLICATION IN FEDERAL REGISTER.—The appli20 cation of measures to a foreign person pursuant to sub21 section (a) shall be announced by notice published in the 

22 Federal Register. 

23 SEC. 4. PROCEDURES IF MEASURES ARE NOT APPLIED. 

24 (a) REQUIREMENT TO NOTIFY CONGRESS.—Should 

25 the President not exercise the authority of section 3(a) to 


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1 apply any or all of the measures described in section 3(b) 

2 with respect to a foreign person identified in a report sub3 mitted pursuant to section 2(a), he shall so notify the Com4 mittee on International Relations of the House of Rep5 resentatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 

6 Senate no later than the effective date under section 3(c) 

7 for measures with respect to that person. 

8 (b) WRITTEN JUSTIFICATION.—Any notification sub9 mitted by the President under subsection (a) shall include 

10 a written justification describing in detail the facts and cir11 cumstances relating specifically to the foreign person identi12 fied in a report submitted pursuant to section 2(a) that 

13 support the President’s decision not to exercise the authority 

14 of section 3(a) with respect to that person. 

15 (c) SUBMISSION IN CLASSIFIED FORM.—When the 

16 President considers it appropriate, the notification of the 

17 President under subsection (a), and the written justification 

18 under subsection (b), or appropriate parts thereof, may be 

19 submitted in classified form. 

20 SEC. 5. DETERMINATION EXEMPTING FOREIGN PERSON 

21 FROM SECTIONS 3 AND 4. 

22 (a) IN GENERAL.—Sections 3 and 4 shall not apply 

23 to a foreign person 15 days after the President reports to 

24 the Committee on International Relations of the House of 

25 Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of 


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1 the Senate that the President has determined, on the basis 

2 of information provided by that person, or otherwise ob3 tained by the President, that— 

4 (1) the person did not, on or after January 1, 

5 1999, knowingly transfer to Iran the goods, services, 

6 or technology the apparent transfer of which caused 

7 that person to be identified in a report submitted 

8 pursuant to section 2(a); 

9 (2) the goods, services, or technology the transfer 

10 of which caused that person to be identified in a re11 port submitted pursuant to section 2(a) did not mate12 rially contribute to Iran’s efforts to develop nuclear, 

13 biological, or chemical weapons, or ballistic or cruise 

14 missile systems; 

15 (3) the person is subject to the primary jurisdic16 tion of a government that is an adherent to one or 

17 more relevant nonproliferation regime, and the trans18 fer of goods, services, or technology which caused that 

19 person to be identified in a report submitted pursuant 

20 to section 2(a) was made consistent with the guide21 lines and parameters of all such relevant regimes of 

22 which such government is an adherent; or 

23 (4) the government with primary jurisdiction 

24 over the person has imposed meaningful penalties on 

25 that person on account of the transfer of the goods, 


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1 services, or technology which caused that person to be 

2 identified in a report submitted pursuant to section 

3 2(a). 

4 (b) SUBMISSION IN CLASSIFIED FORM.—When the 

5 President considers it appropriate, the determination and 

6 report of the President under subsection (a), or appropriate 

7 parts thereof, may be submitted in classified form. 

8 SEC. 6. RESTRICTION ON EXTRAORDINARY PAYMENTS IN 

9 CONNECTION WITH THE INTERNATIONAL 

10 SPACE STATION. 

11 (a) RESTRICTION ON EXTRAORDINARY PAYMENTS IN

12 CONNECTION WITH THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STA13 TION.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no 

14 agency of the United States Government may make extraor15 dinary payments in connection with the International 

16 Space Station to the Russian Space Agency, any organiza17 tion or entity under the jurisdiction or control of the Rus18 sian Space Agency, or any other organization, entity, or 

19 element of the Government of the Russian Federation, un20 less, during the fiscal year in which the extraordinary pay21 ments in connection with the International Space Station 

22 are to be made, the President has made the determination 

23 described in subsection (b), and reported such determina24 tion to the Committee on International Relations and the 

25 Committee on Science of the House of Representatives and 


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1 the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on 

2 Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate. 

3 (b) DETERMINATION REGARDING RUSSIAN COOPERA4 TION IN PREVENTING PROLIFERATION TO IRAN.—The deter5 mination referred to in subsection (a) is a determination 

6 by the President that— 

7 (1) it is the policy of the Government of the Rus8 sian Federation to oppose the proliferation to Iran of 

9 weapons of mass destruction and missile systems ca10 pable of delivering such weapons; 

11 (2) the Government of the Russian Federation 

12 (including the law enforcement, export promotion, ex13 port control, and intelligence agencies of such govern14 ment) has demonstrated and continues to demonstrate 

15 through the implementation of concrete steps a sus16 tained commitment to seek out and prevent the trans17 fer to Iran of goods, services, and technology that 

18 could make a material contribution to the develop19 ment of nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons, or 

20 of ballistic or cruise missile systems, including 

21 through the imposition of meaningful penalties on 

22 persons who make such transfers; and 

23 (3) neither the Russian Space Agency, nor any 

24 organization or entity under the jurisdiction or con25 trol of the Russian Space Agency, has, during the 1- 


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1 year period prior to the date of the determination 

2 pursuant to this subsection, made transfers to Iran 

3 reportable under section 2(a) of this Act (other than 

4 transfers with respect to which a determination pursu5 ant to section 5 has been or will be made). 

6 (c) PRIOR NOTIFICATION.—Not less than 30 days be7 fore making a determination under subsection (b), the 

8 President shall notify the Committee on International Rela9 tions and the Committee on Science of the House of Rep10 resentatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and 

11 the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 

12 of the Senate of his intention to make such determination. 

13 (d) WRITTEN JUSTIFICATION.—A determination of the 

14 President under subsection (b) and a prior notification 

15 under subsection (c) shall include a written justification de16 scribing in detail the facts and circumstances supporting 

17 the President’s conclusion. 

18 (e) SUBMISSION IN CLASSIFIED FORM.—When the 

19 President considers it appropriate, a determination of the 

20 President under subsection (b), a prior notification under 

21 subsection (c), and a written justification under subsection 

22 (d), or appropriate parts thereof, may be submitted in clas23 sified form. 

24 (f) SERVICE MODULE EXCEPTION.—(1) The National 

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1 dinary payments that would otherwise be prohibited under 

2 this section to the Russian Space Agency, any organization 

3 or entity under the jurisdiction of the Russian Space Agen4 cy, or any subcontractor thereof for the construction, test5 ing, preparation, delivery, launch, or maintenance of the 

6 Service Module if— 

7 (A) the President has notified Congress at least 

8 5 days before making such payments; 

9 (B) no report has been made under section 2 

10 with respect to an activity of the entity to receive 

11 such payment, and the President has no information 

12 of any activity that would require such a report; and 

13 (C) the United States will receive a share of 

14 ownership of the Service Module commensurate with 

15 the value of the extraordinary payments made. 

16 (2) For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘‘mainte17 nance’’ means activities which cannot be performed by the 

18 National Aeronautics and Space Administration and which 

19 must be performed in order for the Service Module to pro20 vide environmental control, life support, and orbital main21 tenance functions which cannot be performed by an alter22 native means at the time of payment. 

23 (3) This subsection shall cease to be effective 60 days 

24 after a United States propulsion module is in place at the 

25 International Space Station. 


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1 SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS. 

2 For purposes of this Act, the following terms have the 

3 following meanings: 

4 (1) EXTRAORDINARY PAYMENTS IN CONNECTION

5 WITH THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.—The 

6 term ‘‘extraordinary payments in connection with the 

7 International Space Station’’ means payments in 

8 cash or in kind made or to be made by the United 

9 States Government— 

10 (A) for work on the International Space 

11 Station which the Russian Government pledged 

12 at any time to provide at its expense; or 

13 (B) for work on the International Space 

14 Station, or for the purchase of goods or services 

15 relating to human space flight, that are not re16 quired to be made under the terms of a contract 

17 or other agreement that was in effect on January 

18 1, 1999, as those terms were in effect on such 

19 date. 

20 (2) FOREIGN PERSON; PERSON.—The terms ‘‘for21 eign person’’ and ‘‘person’’ mean— 

22 (A) a natural person that is an alien; 

23 (B) a corporation, business association, 

24 partnership, society, trust, or any other non25 governmental entity, organization, or group, that 

26 is organized under the laws of a foreign country 


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1 or has its principal place of business in a foreign 

2 country; 

3 (C) any foreign governmental entity oper4 ating as a business enterprise; and 

5 (D) any successor, subunit, or subsidiary of 

6 any entity described in subparagraph (B) or (C). 

7 (3) EXECUTIVE ORDER 12938.—The term ‘‘Execu8 tive Order 12938’’ means Executive Order 12938 as 

9 in effect on January 1, 1999. 

10 (4) ADHERENT TO RELEVANT NONPROLIFERA11 TION REGIME.—A government is an ‘‘adherent’’ to a 

12 ‘‘relevant nonproliferation regime’’ if that govern13 ment— 

14 (A) is a member of the Nuclear Suppliers 

15 Group with respect to a transfer of goods, serv16 ices, or technology described in section 

17 2(a)(1)(A); 

18 (B) is a member of the Missile Technology 

19 Control Regime with respect to a transfer of 

20 goods, services, or technology described in section 

21 2(a)(1)(B), or is a party to a binding inter22 national agreement with the United States that 

23 was in effect on January 1, 1999, to control the 

24 transfer of such goods, services, or technology in 


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1 accordance with the criteria and standards set 

2 forth in the Missile Technology Control Regime; 

3 (C) is a member of the Australia Group 

4 with respect to a transfer of goods, services, or 

5 technology described in section 2(a)(1)(C); 

6 (D) is a party to the Convention on the 

7 Prohibition of the Development, Production, 

8 Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and 

9 on Their Destruction with respect to a transfer 

10 of goods, services, or technology described in sec11 tion 2(a)(1)(D); or 

12 (E) is a member of the Wassenaar Arrange13 ment with respect to a transfer of goods, services, 

14 or technology described in section 2(a)(1)(E). 

15 (5) ORGANIZATION OR ENTITY UNDER THE JU16 RISDICTION OR CONTROL OF THE RUSSIAN SPACE

17 AGENCY.—(A) The term ‘‘organization or entity 

18 under the jurisdiction or control of the Russian Space 

19 Agency’’ means an organization or entity that— 

20 (i) was made part of the Russian Space 

21 Agency upon its establishment on February 25, 

22 1992; 

23 (ii) was transferred to the Russian Space 

24 Agency by decree of the Russian Government on 

25 July 25, 1994, or May 12, 1998; 


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1 (iii) was or is transferred to the Russian 

2 Space Agency by decree of the Russian Govern3 ment at any other time before, on, or after the 

4 date of the enactment of this Act; or 

5 (iv) is a joint stock company in which the 

6 Russian Space Agency has at any time held con7 trolling interest. 

8 (B) Any organization or entity described in sub9 paragraph (A) shall be deemed to be under the juris10 diction or control of the Russian Space Agency re11 gardless of whether— 

12 (i) such organization or entity, after being 

13 part of or transferred to the Russian Space 

14 Agency, is removed from or transferred out of the 

15 Russian Space Agency; or 

16 (ii) the Russian Space Agency, after hold17 ing a controlling interest in such organization or 

18 entity, divests its controlling interest. 


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