Exhibit 1

Case 2:23-cv-00455-JRG-RSP Document 1-1 Filed 09/29/23 Page 1 of 23 PageID #: 9
(12) United States Patent 

Tarighat-Mehrabani et al. 

US007.9248O2B2 

(10) Patent No.: US 7.924,802 B2 

(45) Date of Patent: Apr. 12, 2011 

(54) 

(75) 

(73) 

(*) 

(21) 

(22) 

(65) 

(51) 

(52) 

(58) 

m Data 

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 

AND METHODS 

Inventors: Alireza Tarighat-Mehrabani, Marina 

Del Rey, CA (US); Rahim Bagheri, Los 

Angeles, CA (US); Alireza Mehrnia, 

Los Angeles, CA (US); Mahmoud 

Darvishzadeh, Los Altos Hills, CA (US) 

Assignee: WiLinx Corporation, Carlsbad, CA 

(US) 

Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 

patent is extended or adjusted under 35 

U.S.C. 154(b) by 718 days. 

Appl. No.: 12/018,370 

Filed: Jan. 23, 2008 

Prior Publication Data 

US 2009/O1855.45 A1 Jul. 23, 2009 

Int. C. 

H04 IAO) (2006.01) 

H04B 700 (2006.01) 

H04Q 720 (2006.01) 

U.S. C. ... 370/343; 370/352; 375/295; 348/E7.052; 

455/93 

Field of Classification Search .................. 370/308, 

370/310,343,352, 353–356, 480–486; 

375/135 297, 372, 347, E7.267; 455/93, 

2OO 

250 

Wireless Digital Baseband 

Processor 

252 

455/127.1, 102, 132,313–341; 34.1/155; 

348/E7.052, E7.094 

See application file for complete search history. 

(56) References Cited 

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 

5,832,044 A * 1 1/1998 Sousa et al. ................... 375/347 

5,884, 181 A * 3/1999 Arnold et al. .. ... 455,450 

6,920, 185 B2* 7/2005 Hinson ....... 375,295 

7,515,652 B2 * 4/2009 Jensen ... ... 375,308 

7,805,119 B2* 9/2010 Gur et al. ... ... 455,205 

2003, OO16701 A1* 1/2003 Hinson ....... ... 370/480 

2003/0020651 A1* 1/2003 Crilly et al. . ... 342,378 

2008/O139132 A1* 6/2008 Panet al. ........................ 455.93 

2008/0225761 A1* 9/2008 Zhang ................ 370,310 

2008/0227424 A1* 9, 2008 Muhammad et al. ......... 455,341 

* cited by examiner 

Primary Examiner — Afsar M. Qureshi 

(57) ABSTRACT 

Embodiments of the present invention transmit signals simul 

taneously over a communication channel at different RF cen 

ter frequencies, and may use a single power amplifier and 

antenna. In one embodiment the present invention includes a 

method of transmitting information in a wireless communi 

cation channel comprising receiving digital signals having 

data to be transmitted, converting the signals to analog sig nals, up-converting each analog signal, combining the up 

converted signals, amplifying the combined up-converted signal and transmitting the combined up-converted signal. In 

one embodiment, the same data is sent over a transmission 

channel at two different frequencies to improve reliability. 

25 Claims, 12 Drawing Sheets 

2O3 2O5 

FER 

FILER 

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U.S. Patent Apr. 12, 2011 Sheet 1 of 12 US 7.924,802 B2 

N 150 

110 120 130 

- FILTER H 

140 

Fig. 1 

(prior art) 

 

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U.S. Patent Apr. 12, 2011 Sheet 2 of 12 US 7.924,802 B2 

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092 

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U.S. Patent Apr. 12, 2011 Sheet 3 of 12 US 7.924,802 B2 

 

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U.S. Patent Apr. 12, 2011 Sheet 4 of 12 US 7.924,802 B2 

s 

 

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U.S. Patent Apr. 12, 2011 Sheet 6 of 12 US 7.924,802 B2 

600 

Receive a first digital signal and M. 601 

second digital signal re 

Convert the first digital signal to a 

first analog signal and convert the - 602 

second digital signal to a second 

analog signal 

Up-convert the first analog signal to 

a first RF center frequency and Up-- 

convert the second analog signal to 

a second RF center frequency 

Combine the first and second up- - 604 

converted signals 

Amplify the combined signal ré05 

Transmit the amplified combined M 606 

N 603 

signal 

Fig. 6 

 

 

 

 

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U.S. Patent Apr. 12, 2011 Sheet 7 of 12 US 7.924,802 B2 

700 

Receive a first digital signal and 

second corresponding digital signal 

Convert the first digital signal to a 

first analog signal and convert the 

second digital signal to a second 

analog signal 

N 701 

r 702 

Upconvert the first analog signal to 

a first RF center frequency and 

Upconvert the second analog signal 

to a second RF center frequency 

Combine the first and Second as 

O upconverted signals 

Amplify the combined signal 

Transmit the amplified combined 

signal 

N 703 

704 

705 

N706 

Continued on Fig. 7B 

Fig. 7A 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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U.S. Patent Apr. 12, 2011 Sheet 8 of 12 US 7.924,802 B2 

Continued from Fig. 7A 

Receive the transmitted signal 

Amplify the received signal /N 708 

Down-convert the received signal using the first RF center frequency 

and down-convert the received M 709 

signal using the second RF center 

frequency 

Combine the down-Converted /\710 

Signals 

Filter the combined signal r711 

Convert the filtered signal into a N 712 

digital signal . 

Fig. 7B 

 

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U.S. Patent Apr. 12, 2011 Sheet 9 of 12 US 7.924,802 B2 

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U.S. Patent Apr. 12, 2011 Sheet 11 of 12 US 7.924,802 B2 

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US 7.924,802 B2 

1. 

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 

AND METHODS 

BACKGROUND 

The present invention relates to wireless electronics, and in 

particular, to wireless communication systems and methods. 

Unless otherwise indicated herein, the approaches 

described in this section are not prior art to the claims in this 

application and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in 

this section. 

Communication systems generally contain one or more 

transmission channels to transmit data from the transmitter to 

the receiver. The components included in a transmitter and 

receiver may vary depending on the attributes of the commu 

nication channel, the signaling, and the goals of the transmis 

sion channel. FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a transmitter 

100 used in a wireless communication system. Here, a digital to-analog converter (“DAC) 110 receives a digital input signal (“IN). The DAC converts a digital signal to an analog signal. This may be necessary in communication systems that 

take advantage of digital signal processing. The DAC is 

coupled to the input of filter 120. The filter may be used to 

remove undesirable frequencies and signal images. The filter 

is then coupled to mixer 130. The mixer may be used to 

up-convert the frequency of the signal by combining it with a 

local oscillator signal (“LO). The output of the mixer is 

coupled to power amplifier 140 to amplify the signal for 

transmission before it is sent through antenna 150. The trans 

mitter 100 is limited to up-converting a signal to one center 

frequency (or modulation frequency), which is the LO fre 

quency. Typically, the amount of information transmitted 

around the centerfrequency is limited by the bandwidth of the 

transmitter around the center frequency. Accordingly, this 

limits the amount of data that can be transmitted. Typical prior 

art approaches to improving the information capacity in a 

wireless communication system involve maximizing the 

bandwidth around the center frequency to increase the 

amount of information that may be modulated onto the carrier 

frequency. 

Another limitation to wireless communication involves 

allowable output power. In many countries, regional authori 

ties will limit the amount of power that may be transmitted at 

any given frequency or across a range of frequencies. In other 

words, when a transmitter transmits a signal at a particular 

center frequency, the transmitter may be required to output less than a specified upper limit of power per Megahertz. This 

limitation may limit the reliability, the range, and the effective 

throughput of data transmission. Transmission range, reli 

ability, throughput, complexity, and cost all play a role in 

enabling new wireless applications. Since there is a continu 

ing need for new wireless devices, these and other issues, concerning the transmission and reception of radio frequency 

(RF) signals, become important. Thus, there is a need for 

improvements in wireless communication systems and meth 

ods. 

SUMMARY 

Embodiments of the present invention improve wireless 

communication systems and methods. In one embodiment, 

the present invention includes a method of transmitting infor 

mation in a wireless communication channel comprising transmitting first information across a first frequency range 

using a wireless transmitter, the first frequency range having 

a first center frequency, a first highest frequency, and a first 

lowest frequency, and simultaneously transmitting second 

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30 

35 

40 

45 

50 

55 

60 

65 

2 

information across a second frequency range using the same 

wireless transmitter, the second frequency range having a 

second center frequency greater than the first center fre 

quency, a second highest frequency, and a second lowest 

frequency. 

In one embodiment, the frequency difference between the 

first center frequency and the second center frequency is 

greater than the Sum of one-half the first frequency range and 

one-half the second frequency range. 

In one embodiment, the first and second information are 

transmitted using the same power amplifier in said wireless 

transmitter. 

In one embodiment, the bandwidth of said power amplifier 

is greater than the difference between the first lowest fre 

quency and the second highest frequency. 

In one embodiment, first information and second informa 

tion comprise a plurality of OFDM symbols, wherein a first 

symbol is transmitted during a first time slot across the first 

frequency range and a second symbol is transmitted during 

the first time slot across the second frequency range, and 

wherein a third symbol is transmitted during a second time 

slot across the first frequency range and a fourth symbol is 

transmitted during the second time slot across a second fre 

quency range. 

In one embodiment, the present invention further com 

prises concurrently changing the first center frequency to a 

third center frequency and the second center frequency to a 

fourth center frequency, wherein the fourth center frequency 

is greater than the third center frequency, and wherein the first 

center frequency changes by at least the first frequency range 

and the second center frequency changes by at least the sec 

ond frequency range, and wherein the bandwidth of said 

power amplifier is greater than the difference between the first 

lowest frequency and the second highest frequency for the 

changed first and second center frequencies. 

In one embodiment, the first information corresponds to a 

first wireless protocol and the second information corre 

sponds to a second wireless protocol. 

In one embodiment, the first information and the second 

information are the same data transmitted across two different 

frequencies. 

In one embodiment, the first information and the second 

information are produced from the same data stream using coding or data mapping. 

In one embodiment, the present invention includes a 

method of transmitting information in a wireless communi 

cation channel comprising receiving a first digital signal com 

prising first data to be transmitted, receiving a second digital signal comprising second data to be transmitted, converting 

the first digital signal into a first analog signal using a first 

digital-to-analog converter, the first analog signal carrying 

the first data across a first frequency range, converting the 

Second digital signal into a second analog signal using a 

second digital-to-analog converter, the second analog signal 

carrying the second data across a second frequency range, up-converting the first analog signal to a first RF center fre 

quency to produce a first up-converted analog signal, wherein 

the first up-converted analog signal comprises a first up 

converted frequency range from the first RF center frequency 

minus one-half the first frequency range to the first RF center 

frequency plus one-half the first frequency range, up-convert 

ing the second analog signal to a second RF center frequency 

greater than the first center RF frequency to produce a second 

up-converted analog signal, wherein the second up-converted 

analog signal comprises a second up-converted frequency 

range from the second RF center frequency minus one-half 

the second frequency range to the second RF center frequency 

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US 7.924,802 B2 

3 

plus one-half the second frequency range, and wherein a 

frequency difference between the first RF center frequency 

and the second RF center frequency is greater than the Sum of 

one-half the first frequency range and one-half the second 

frequency range, combining the first up-converted analog 

signal and the second up-converted analog signal to produce 

a combined up-converted signal, amplifying the combined 

up-converted signal in a power amplifier resulting in an 

amplified combined up-converted signal, and transmitting the 

amplified combined up-converted signal on a first antenna, 

wherein the bandwidth of said power amplifier is greater than 

the difference between a lowest frequency in the first up converted frequency range and a highest frequency in the 

second up-converted frequency range. 

In one embodiment, the present invention further com 

prises changing the first and second RF center frequencies, 

and in accordance therewith, up-converting the first analog signals to the changed first and second RF center frequencies, 

wherein the first RF center frequency changes by at least the 

first frequency range and the second RF center frequency changes by at least the second frequency range. 

In one embodiment, the first and second RF center frequen cies are changed concurrently. 

In one embodiment, the first digital signal is encoded using 

a first wireless protocol and the second digital signal is 

encoded using a second wireless protocol. 

In one embodiment, the second data is the same as the first 

data, the present invention further comprises receiving the 

transmitted signal on a second antenna, amplifying the 

received signal in a low noise amplifier resulting in an ampli 

fied received up-converted signal, wherein the bandwidth of 

said low noise amplifier is greater than the difference between 

the lowest frequency in the first up-converted frequency range 

and the highest frequency in the second up-converted fre 

quency range, down-converting the amplified received up 

converted signal using a first down-converter and a signal corresponding to the first RF center frequency to produce a 

fourth analog signal corresponding to the first analog signal, 

and down-converting the amplified received up-converted 

analog signal using a second down-converter and a signal corresponding to the second RF center frequency to produce 

a fifth analog signal corresponding to the second analog sig 

nal. 

In one embodiment, the present invention further com 

prises filtering the fourth analog signal using a third filter and 

filtering the fifth analog signal using a fourth filter, converting 

the filtered fourth analog signal into a third digital signal using a first analog-to-digital converter and converting the 

filtered fifth analog signal into a fourth digital signal using a 

second analog-to-digital converter, and combining the third 

and fourth digital signals to receive data corresponding to the 

first data. 

In one embodiment, the present invention further com 

prises combining the fourth and fifth analog signals resulting 

in a sixth signal, and converting the sixth signal into a third 

digital signal using a first analog-to-digital converter, and in 

accordance therewith, receiving data corresponding to the 

first data. 

In one embodiment, the present invention includes a wire 

less communication system comprising a baseband digital 

system for providing a first digital signal comprising a first 

data to be transmitted and a second digital signal comprising 

a second data to be transmitted, a first digital-to-analog con 

Verter for receiving the first digital signal and converting the 

first digital signal into a first analog signal, the first analog signal carrying the first data across a first frequency range, a 

second digital-to-analog converter for receiving the second 

5 

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25 

30 

35 

40 

45 

50 

55 

60 

65 

4 

digital signal and converting the second digital signal into a 

Second analog signal, the second analog signal carrying the 

second data across a second frequency range, a first up-con 

verter circuit having a first input coupled to receive the first 

analog signal and a second input coupled to receive a first 

modulation signal having a first RF frequency, wherein the 

first up-converter outputs a first up-converted analog signal 

comprising a first up-converted frequency range from the first 

RF frequency minus one-half the first frequency range to the 

first RF frequency plus one-half the first frequency range, a 

second up-converter circuit having a first input coupled to 

receive the second analog signal and a second input coupled 

to receive a second modulation signal having a second RF 

frequency, wherein the second up-converter outputs a second 

up-converted analog signal comprising a second up-con 

Verted frequency range from the second RF frequency minus 

one-half the second frequency range to the second RF fre 

quency plus one-half the second frequency range, and 

wherein frequency difference between the first RF frequency 

and the second RF frequency is greater than the Sum of 

one-half the first frequency range and one-half the second 

frequency range, and a power amplifier coupled to receive the 

first and second up-converted analog signals, wherein the 

bandwidth of the power amplifier is greater than the differ 

ence between a lowest frequency in the first up-converted frequency range and a highest frequency in the second up 

converted frequency range. 

In one embodiment, the first RF frequency and the second 

RF frequency change within the bandwidth of the power amplifier. 

In one embodiment, the first RF frequency and the second 

RF frequency change concurrently. 

In one embodiment, the first RF frequency and the second 

RF frequency change periodically. 

In one embodiment, the first data of the first digital signal 

is encoded using a first wireless protocol and the first data of 

the second digital signal is encoded using a second wireless 

protocol. 

In one embodiment, the second data corresponds to the first 

data, and wherein the power amplifier outputs a third up 

converted signal comprising the up-converted first analog signal and the up-converted second analog signal. 

In one embodiment, the first and second data to be trans 

mitted comprise a plurality of OFDM symbols, whereina first 

symbol is transmitted during a first time slot across the first 

up-converted frequency range and a second symbol is trans 

mitted during the first time slot across the second up-con 

Verted frequency range, and wherein a third symbol is trans 

mitted during a second time slot across the first up-converted 

frequency range and a fourth symbol is transmitted during the 

second time slot across a second up-converted frequency 

range. 

In another embodiment, the present invention includes an 

electronic circuit comprising a first down-converter circuit 

having a first input coupled to receive a first up-converted 

signal, a second input coupled to receive a first demodulation 

signal having a first RF frequency, and an output, wherein the 

first down-converter circuit outputs a first down-converted 

signal on the first down-converter output, a second down 

converter circuit having a first input coupled to receive the 

first up-converted signal, a second input coupled to receive a 

second demodulation signal having a second RF frequency different than the first RF frequency, and an output, wherein 

the second down-converter outputs a second down-converted 

signal on the second down-converter output, wherein the first 

up-converted signal comprises a first signal modulated at the 

first RF frequency and a second signal modulated at the 

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US 7.924,802 B2 

5 

second RF frequency, and a filter having an input coupled to 

the output of the first down-converter and the output of the 

second down-converter, and in accordance therewith, the fil 

ter receives the first and second down-converted signals. 

In one embodiment, first signal has a first frequency range 

and the second signal has a second frequency range, and 

wherein the frequency difference between the first RF fre 

quency and the second RF frequency is greater than the Sum 

of one-half the first frequency range and one-half the second 

frequency range. 

The following detailed description and accompanying 

drawings provide a better understanding of the nature and 

advantages of the present invention. 

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 

FIG. 1 illustrates a segment of a transmitter in a wireless 

communication system. 

FIG. 2 illustrates a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present invention. 

FIG. 3 illustrates an example transmitted signal according 

to one embodiment of the present invention. 

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of wireless communication 

according to one embodiment of the present invention. 

FIG. 5 illustrates a wireless communication system according to another embodiment of the present invention. 

FIG. 6 illustrates a wireless communication method 

according to one embodiment of the present invention. 

FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate a wireless communication 

method according to another embodiment of the present 

invention. 

FIG. 8 illustrates a wireless communication transmitter 

according to one embodiment of the present invention. 

FIG. 9 illustrates a wireless communication receiver 

according to one embodiment of the present invention. 

FIG. 10 illustrates a wireless communication transmitter 

according to one embodiment of the present invention. 

FIG. 11 illustrates a wireless communication receiver 

according to one embodiment of the present invention. 

DETAILED DESCRIPTION 

Described herein are techniques for wireless communica 

tion systems and methods. In the following description, for 

purposes of explanation, numerous examples and specific 

details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understand 

ing of the present invention. It will be evident, however, to one 

skilled in the art that the present invention as defined by the 

claims may include some or all of the features in these 

examples alone or in combination with other features 

described below, and may further include modifications and 

equivalents of the features and concepts described herein. 

FIG. 2 illustrates a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present invention. Sys 

tem 200 includes digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 201, 

DAC 202, filter 203, filter 204, up-converter 205 (such as a 

mixer), up-converter 206, synthesizer 207, power amplifier 

208, and antenna 209. FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the 

frequency content of the transmitted signal 300 which may 

result from system 200. Information (i.e., data) to be trans 

mitted may be received in a baseband digital system 250, such 

as a wireless digital baseband processor. The baseband digital 

system 250 provides a first digital signal that comprises first 

digital data 251 to be transmitted to “IN1 and provides a 

second digital signal that comprises second digital data 252 to 

be transmitted to “IN2. The data 252 and data 252 may be 

packets of data that conform to a specific wireless communi 

10 

15 

25 

30 

35 

40 

45 

50 

55 

60 

65 

6 

cation protocol, for example. Baseband digital system 250 

may deserialize a data stream (e.g., using a demultiplexing 

function) to divide data packets between the two transmitter 

channels, for example. As another example, the original infor 

mation data may be passed through an encoder and the output 

of the encoder would be split into two streams providing inputs 251 and 252. The data of the first digital signal and the 

data of the second digital may be unrelated data steams or 

may be data from the same data stream, for example. 

In this example, the input of DAC 201 is coupled to a first 

data output of the baseband processor 250, and the first digital signal is converted to a first analog signal by DAC 201. 

Similarly, the input of DAC 202 is coupled to a second data 

output of baseband processor 250, and the second digital 

signal is converted to a second analog signal by DAC 202. The 

output of DAC 201 is coupled to the input offilter 203, and the 

first analog signal is filtered by filter 203 to remove unwanted 

frequency content (e.g., remove aliasing). Similarly, the out 

put of DAC 202 is coupled to the input of filter 204, and the 

second analog signal is filtered by filter 204 to remove 

unwanted frequency content. 

A first input of up-converter 205 is coupled to the output of 

filter 203 to receive the first analog signal and a second input of up-converter 205 is coupled to synthesizer 207 to receive a 

first modulation signal having a first RF center frequency 303 

(f) as shown in FIG. 3. Accordingly, the first analog signal is 

up-converted around a center frequency off by up-converter 

205 to generate a first up-converted analog signal 301. The 

first up-converted analog signal 301 includes a first up-con 

verted frequency range 305. It can be seen from FIG.3 that the 

first up-converted frequency range is from the first RF fre 

quency 303 minus one-half the first up-converted frequency 

range to the first RF frequency plus the one-half the first 

up-converted frequency range. 

Similarly, a first input of up-converter 206 is coupled to the 

output of filter 204 to receive the second analog signal and a 

second input of up-converter 206 is coupled to synthesizer 

207 to receive a second modulation signal having a second RF 

centerfrequency 304(f) as shown in FIG.3. Accordingly, the 

second analog signal is up-converted around a center fre 

quency off by up-converter 206 to generate a second up 

converted analog signal 302. The second up-converted analog signal 302 includes a second up-converted frequency range 

306. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that the second up-converted frequency range is from the second RF frequency 304 minus 

one-half the second up-converted frequency range to the sec 

ond RF frequency plus the one-half the second up-converted 

frequency range. Additionally, FIG. 3 illustrates that a fre 

quency difference between the first RF center frequency and 

the second RF center frequency is greater than the Sum of 

one-half the first frequency range and one-half the second 

frequency range so that the up-converted signals do not over 

lap and thereby cause distortion. In general, either two syn thesizers can be used to generate fl and f2, or a single syn thesizer with the capability of producing f1 and f2 

simultaneously. 

A power amplifier 208 (PA) is coupled to receive the first 

and second up-converted analog signals 301 and 302. The 

first and second up-converted signals may be simply added 

together at the input of PA. Embodiments of the present invention transmit multiple signals simultaneously over a 

communication channel at different center frequencies, and 

may use a single power amplifier and antenna. In another 

embodiment, two or more power amplifiers may be used as 

part of the power amplifier implementation. In this example, 

the bandwidth 309 (BW) of the PA 208 is greater than the 

difference between a lowest frequency 307 (f) in the first 

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US 7.924,802 B2 

7 

up-converted frequency range 305 and highest frequency 308 

(f,) in the second up-converted frequency range 306. The 

input of amplifier 208 is coupled to the outputs of up-convert 

ers 205 and 206. Accordingly, the first and second up-con Verted analog signals are combined at the input of amplifier 

208 before amplification to produce a combined up-converted signal. The amplifier 208 outputs an amplified up-converted 

signal comprising the first up-converted analog signal and the 

second up-converted analog signal. The antenna 209 is 

coupled to the output of amplifier 208 to transmit the ampli 

fied ups converted signal as an electromagnetic signal. When 

the bandwidth 309 of PA 208 covers a wide bandwidth, many up-converted signals may be transmitted using the single 

power amplifier 208 and a single antenna 209. Since only a 

single antenna is utilized, the application may not require multiple power amplifiers and antennas, which reduces area 

and cost while increasing data throughput or, as illustrated 

below, reliability. 

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of how the frequency content 

can move within a bandwidth according to one embodiment 

of the present invention. Communication system 200 may 

generate frequency content 400 comprising the first up-con 

Verted analog signal 401 and the second up-converted analog 

signal 402. The synthesizer 207 may receive instructions 

from the baseband processor 250, for example, to change the 

first RF center frequency 403 (f) and second frequency RF 

center frequency 404 (f) within a bandwidth 440 (BW). The change in frequency may occur concurrently, for 

example. This may result in a new frequency content 410 in 

which the signal 401 has moved infrequency as illustrated by signal 411 having an RF center frequency 413 (f), and the 

signal 402 has moved infrequency as illustrated by signal 412 

having an RF center frequency 414 (f). Some time later the 

RF frequencies can change again. This may result in a new 

frequency content 420 in which the signal 411 has changed to 

421 with fifth RF frequency 423 (f) and the signal 412 has 

changed to signal 422 with sixth RF frequency 424 (f). 

Some time later the RF frequencies may change again. In this 

example, another change may return the RF signals to the 

original locations in frequency illustrated in frequency con 

tent 400. This cycle may repeat itself again or begin a different 

cycle. Different implementations may change the RF center 

frequencies between a variety of locations. For example, the 

changes may move the RF signals to adjacent or non-adjacent 

locations, or the signal 401 may be moved to higher frequen cies than signal 401. Additionally, the changes in RF fre 

quency can happen at irregular intervals or at regularintervals 

(periodically). As illustrated in FIG. 2, synthesizer 207 may 

be coupled to baseband processor 250 for controlling the 

frequencies generated at each synthesizer output. For 

example, synthesizer 207 may be programmed or otherwise 

configured to generate modulation signals with RF frequen 

cies illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. Synthesizer 207 may then be 

reprogrammed or otherwise reconfigured to change the RF 

frequencies as described above. Furthermore, the spacing 

between the two RF center frequencies may remain the same 

or may vary. One or more data streams from the same or 

different sources may be transmitted using a single power amplifier wherein the bandwidth of said power amplifier is 

greater than the difference between a lowest frequency in the 

first up-converted frequency range (f) and a highest fre 

quency in the second up-converted frequency range (f). 

Another embodiment of the invention may utilize a first 

wireless protocol to encode the first digital data and utilize a 

second wireless protocol to encode the second digital data. 

Almost any existing protocol may be used as the first protocol 

or second protocol. An ultra-wideband (UWB) protocol such 

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8 

as WiMedia, wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol Such as 802.11.g., or cellular standard may be used. A 

Orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) or a 

code division multiple access CDMA modulation may be 

used, for example. 

FIG. 5 illustrates a wireless communication system according to another embodiment of the present invention. 

System 500 includes an antenna 501, low noise amplifier 502 

(LNA), a down-converter 504, a down-converter 505, a syn thesizer 503, filters 506 and 507, and analog-to-digital con 

verters (ADC) 560 and 570. Frequency content 510 may be 

transmitted as the first electromagnetic signal described 

above and received by antenna 501. The electromagnetic signal received by antenna 501 may include an up-converted 

analog signal from a transmitter as described above including 

signals 511 and 512. As mentioned above, the signals 511 and 

512 carry different data from a common data stream or from 

different data streams, data corresponding to different proto 

cols, or even the same data. Signal 511 may be an analog signal up-converted to a first RF center frequency, and signal 

512 may an analog signal up-converted to a second RF center 

frequency. A low noise amplifier 502 has an input coupled to 

antenna 501 to receive the up-converted RF signals, and out 

puts an amplified up-converted signal. In a differential system 

the output of the LNA may be two signal lines (i.e., a differ 

ential signal), for example. A first down-converter 504 

includes a first input that is coupled to the output of LNA502 

to receive the amplified RF signal. The first down-converter 

504 includes a second input coupled to receive a signal cor 

responding to the first RF center frequency (i.e., a demodu 

lation signal having a frequency Such as f1) from synthesizer 

503. The first down-converter 504 outputs a first down-con 

Verted analog signal. The first down-converted analog signal 

corresponds to the analog signal carrying information across 

frequency range 515, which was provided to an up-converter 

in the transmitter that generated signal 510. A second down 

converter 505 includes an input that is coupled to the output of 

LNA 502 to receive the amplified up-converted signal. The 

second down-converter 505 includes an input that is coupled 

to a signal corresponding to the second RF frequency (f2) 

from synthesizer 503. The second down-converter 505 out 

puts a second down-converted analog signal. The second 

down-converted analog signal from down-converter 505 cor 

responds to an analog signal carrying information across 

frequency range 516, which was provided to an up-converter 

in the transmitter that generated signal 510. The output of 

down-converter 504 is coupled to the input of filter 506 to 

receive the first down-converted analog signal. Similarly, the 

output of down-converter 505 is coupled to the input offilter 

507 to receive the second down-converted analog signal. The 

filters eliminate frequency content outside the frequency 

band of interest. As illustrated by 520 and 530, signals 515 

and 516 are down-converted to baseband and filtered, so that 

each signal may be processed on separate receiver input chan 

nels (e.g., filters, ADCs, and digital processing circuits in 

baseband processor 550). While the above examples illustrate 

transmission and reception using direct up and down conver 

sion to and from RF center frequencies, it is to be understood 

that in other implementations the signals could be up/down 

converted to intermediate frequencies in intermediate steps 

between baseband processing. The filtered signals 522 and 

521 may be found at locations 508 and 509, and are illustrated 

in graphs 520 and 530. Analog-to-digital converter 560 is 

coupled to the output of filter 506 to receive the first down 

converted signal 522 and convert signal 522 to back into a 

digital signal. Similarly, analog-to-digital converter 570 is 

coupled to the output of filter 507 to receive the second 

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down-converted signal 521 and convert signal 521 to back 

into a digital signal. The digital signals may be processed to 

retrieve the original data. For example, the digital signals may 

be serialized back into a single data stream (e.g., using a 

MUX), processed independently according to different pro 

tocol requirements, or, if the data is the same data, combined 

digitally to improve the reliability of the transmission, for 

example. 

FIG. 6 illustrates a wireless communication method 600 

according to one embodiment of the present invention. At 

601, a first digital signal, including a first data, is received, and 

a second digital signal, including a second data, is received. 

The data may be received from a baseband processor in a 

wireless transmitter, for example, for up-conversion and 

transmission as an electromagnetic signal. In one embodi 

ment, the first data may be unrelated to the second data. 

However, in other embodiments, the first data may corre 

spond to the second data. For example, the same data may be 

encoded and divided into two streams and up-converted to 

two different RF center frequencies and then transmitted as 

described above. At 602, the first digital signal is converted to 

a first analog signal using a first digital-to-analog converter, 

for example. The first analog signal carries the first data 

across a first frequency range. Also at 602, the second digital signal is converted to a second analog signal using a second 

digital-to-analog converter, for example. The second analog 

signal carries the second data across a second frequency 

range. In one embodiment described in more detail below, the 

first and second analog signals are carrying different coded 

versions of the same digital data. At 603, the first analog signal is up-converted to a first RF center frequency. The 

up-converted first analog signal comprises a first up-con 

verted frequency range from the first RF center frequency 

minus one-half the first frequency range to the first RF center 

frequency plus one-half the first frequency range. Also at 603, 

the second analog signal is up-converted to a second RF 

center frequency. The up-converted second analog signal comprises a second up-converted frequency range from the 

second RF center frequency minus one-half the second fre 

quency range to the second RF center frequency plus one-half 

the second frequency range. The frequency difference 

between the first RF center frequency and the second RF 

center frequency may be greater than the Sum one-half the 

first frequency range and one half the second frequency range. Accordingly, the frequency content of the up-converted sig 

nals will not overlap. At 604, the first up-converted analog signal and the second up-converted analog signal are com 

bined into a combined up-converted signal. At 605, the com 

bined up-converted signalisamplified (e.g., in a power ampli 

fier) and results in an amplified combined up-converted 

signal. In one embodiment, the bandwidth of the power amplifier is greater than the difference, in frequency, between 

a lowest frequency in the first up-converted frequency range 

and a highest frequency in the second up-converted frequency 

range. At, 606 the amplified signal is transmitted, for 

example, by coupling the output of the power amplifier to an 

antenna. 

FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate a wireless communication 

method 700 according to another embodiment of the present invention. At 701, a first digital signal, including a first data, 

is received and a second digital signal, including a second 

data, is received. In this example, the first and second data 

include different coded versions of the same data. For 

example, as mentioned above, one embodiment of the inven 

tion may include transmitting the same data at two different 

RF frequencies and receiving and combining the data. This 

may be done so that the transmission of the data is more 

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reliable (e.g., fewer errors). Also, using this method may 

allow for greater transmission range. This method may make 

the signal data more impervious to noise and interference. At 

702, the first digital signal is converted to first analog signal using a first digital-to-analog converter. The first analog sig 

nal carries the first data across a first frequency range. Also at 

702, the second digital signal is converted to a second analog signal using a second digital-to-analog converter. The second 

analog signal carries the second data across a second fre 

quency range. At 703, the first analog signal is up-converted 

to a first RF center frequency. The up-converted first analog signal comprises a first up-converted frequency range from 

the first RF center frequency minus one-half the first fre 

quency range to the first RF center frequency plus one-half 

the first frequency range. Also at 703, the second analog signal is up-converted to a second RF center frequency. The 

up-converted second analog signal comprises a second up 

converted frequency range from the second RF center fre 

quency minus one-half the second frequency range to the 

second RF center frequency plus one-half the second fre 

quency range. The frequency difference between the first RF 

center frequency and the second RF center frequency is 

greater than the Sum one-half the first frequency range and 

one half the second frequency range. At 704, the first up 

converted analog signal and the second up-converted analog 

signal are combined into a combined up-converted signal. At 

705, the combined up-converted signal is amplified in a 

power amplifier and results in an amplified combined up 

converted signal. The bandwidth of the power amplifier is 

greater than the distance between a lowest frequency in the 

first up-converted frequency range and a highest frequency in 

the second up-converted frequency range. At, 706 the ampli 

fied combined up-converted signal is transmitted on a first 

antenna. 

At 707, the transmitted signal is received on a second 

antenna of a receiver. At the receiver the two coded versions 

of the same data are processed and decoded properly to 

recover the original data. At 708, the received signal is ampli 

fied in a low noise amplifier and results in an amplified received up-converted signal. The bandwidth of the low noise 

amplifier is greater than the distance between a lowest fre 

quency in the first up-converted frequency range and a highest 

frequency in the second up-converted frequency range. At 

709, the amplified received up-converted signal is down 

converted using a first down-converter and a signal corre 

sponding to the first RF center frequency to produce a fourth 

analog signal corresponding to the first analog signal. Also at 

709, the amplified received up-converted signal is down 

converted using a second down-converter and a signal corre 

sponding to the second RF center frequency to produce a fifth 

analog signal corresponding to the second analog signal. The 

received down-converted analog signals may be processed in 

separate analog receiver channels and combined digitally, as 

described above, or the fourth and the fifth analog signals may 

be combined into a sixth signal, as illustrated at 710. At 711, 

the combined signal is filtered. It is to be understood that 

filtering may occur before or after the received signals are 

combined. At 712, the combined signal is converted into a 

digital signal using an analog-to-digital converter. The result 

ing digital signal maybe processed digitally by a baseband 

processor and output first data. 

FIG. 8 illustrates a wireless communication transmitter 

according to one embodiment of the present invention. This 

example provides a transmitter for sending the same data across a communication channel at two different RF carrier 

frequencies to improve reliability and/or increase the range of 

the system. ADAC 810 receives the data to be transmitted and 

Case 2:23-cv-00455-JRG-RSP Document 1-1 Filed 09/29/23 Page 19 of 23 PageID #: 27
US 7.924,802 B2 

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converts the digital data into an analog signal. The output of 

the DAC 810 is coupled to the input of a filter 811 to filter 

unwanted frequency content, such as aliasing, for example. 

The output of filter 811 is coupled to the input of a first 

up-converter 812. Additionally, the output of filter 811 is 

coupled to the input of a second up-converter 813. Up-con 

verter 812 includes a second input coupled to an output of a 

synthesizer 814, which may be used to up-convert the analog signal to a RF center frequency f1. Similarly, up-converter 

813 includes a second input coupled to another output of a 

synthesizer 814 (or to a different synthesizer), which may be 

used to up-convert the analog signal to a RF center frequency 

f2. The outputs of up-converters 812 and 813 are coupled together and to the input of power amplifier815. Accordingly, 

the up-converted signals are combined at the power amplifier 

input. Power amplifier 815 has a bandwidth sufficient to 

amplify all of the frequency content in the combined signal. 

The output of power amplifier815 is coupled to antenna 850 

to transmit the digital data simultaneously as an electromag 

netic signal using two different RF carrier frequencies. 

FIG. 9 illustrates a wireless communication receiver 

according to one embodiment of the present invention. Sys 

tem 900 includes an antenna 901, low noise amplifier 902 

(LNA), a down-converter 404, a down-converter 905, a syn thesizer 903, a filter 906, and an analog-to-digital converter 

(ADC) 907. Frequency content 910 may be transmitted as an 

electromagnetic signal described above and received by 

antenna 901. The electromagnetic signal received by antenna 

901 may include an up-converted analog signal from trans 

mitter 800, for example, including signals 911 and 912. In this 

example, the signals 911 and 912 carry the same information 

(data). For example, signal 911 may be an analog signal 

up-converted to a first RF frequency, and signal 912 may be 

the same analog signal up-converted to a second RF fre 

quency. A low noise amplifier 902 has an input coupled to 

antenna 901 to receive the up-converted RF signals, and out 

puts an amplified up-converted signal on line 909. In a dif 

ferential system line, 909 may be two signal lines (i.e., a 

differential signal). A first down-converter 904 includes a first 

input that is coupled to the output of LNA902 to receive the 

amplified RF signal. The first down-converter includes a sec 

ondinput coupled to receive a signal corresponding to the first 

RF frequency (i.e., a frequency Such as f1) from synthesizer 

903. The first down-converter outputs a baseband analog signal. The analog signal corresponds to the analog signal 

carrying information across frequency range 915, which was 

provided to an up-converter in the transmitter that generated 

signal 910. A second down-converter 905 includes an input that is coupled to the output of LNA 902 to receive the 

amplified up-converted signal. The second down-converter 

905 includes an input that is coupled to a signal corresponding 

to the second RF frequency (f2) from synthesizer 903. The 

second down-converter also outputs a baseband analog sig nal. The analog signal from down-converter 905 corresponds 

to an analog signal carrying information across frequency 

range 916, which was provided to an up-converter in the 

transmitter that generated signal 910. As mentioned above, 

frequency range 915 and 916 may carry the same information 

and may result in the same analog signal when down-con 

verted. A filter 906 is coupled to the output of down-converter 

904 to receive the down-converted version of signal 911. 

Filter 906 may also be coupled to the output of down-con 

verter 905 to receive the down-converted version of signal 

912. The filter eliminates frequency content outside the fre 

quency band of interest. As illustrated by 520, the analog 

signals 911 and 912 are down-converted to the same fre 

quency. In this example, the signals are combined and then 

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12 

filtered. However, it is to be understood that the signals could 

be filter separately and then combined. In either case, the 

signals are combined to improve the quality of the signal 

being received. In this example, the signals are down-con 

verted directly to baseband and combined. However, in other 

implementations the signals could be down-converted to 

intermediate frequencies, combined, and then down-con 

verted to baseband. The combined filtered signal may be 

found at location 908 and is illustrated in graph 920. An 

analog-to-digital converter 907 is coupled to receive the com 

bined signal, where the combined signal is converted to back 

into a digital signal. The digital signal may be processed to 

retrieve the original data. If the second data is the same as the 

first data, the system could be used to increase the reliability 

of the communication channel or increase the range of trans 

mission. 

FIG. 10 illustrates a wireless communication transmitter 

according to one embodiment of the present invention. Com 

munication transmitter 1000 includes digital-to-analog con 

verter (DAC) 1001, DAC 1002, filter 1003, filter 1004, up 

converter 1005 (such as a mixer), up-converter 1006, 

synthesizer 1007, power amplifier 1008, antenna 1009, 

encoding block 1010, and encoding block 1011. Digital-to 

analog converter (DAC) 1001, DAC 1002, filter 1003, filter 

1004, up-converter 1005, up-converter 1006, synthesizer 

1007, power amplifier 1008, and antenna 1009 function in a 

similar manner as corresponding components digital-to-ana 

log converter (DAC) 201, DAC 202, filter 203, filter 204, 

up-converter 205, up-converter 206, synthesizer 207, power 

amplifier 208, and antenna 209 function in circuit 200 

described above. 

Encoding block 1010 and encoding block 1011 performan 

orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) modu 

lation function which utilizes an Almouti code. This example utilizes Almouti code, but other orthogonal codes may be 

utilized. This encoding may be done in Software, firmware, or 

both. Elements 1013, 1014, 1015, and 1016 make up one 

coding matrix. 

-S(1), S(1) 

Four OFDM symbols comprised of N elements each are 

transmitted in a first timeslot and a second time slot. The first 

time slot includes OFDM symbol 1017 and OFDM symbol 

1018. The second time slot includes OFDM symbol 1023 and 

OFDM symbol 1024. OFDM symbol 1017 and 1023 are 

processed through an inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) 

1019 and converted to a serial bit stream with a cyclic prefix 1021. OFDM symbol 1018 and 1024 are processed through 

an inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) 1020 and converted to 

a serial bit stream with a cyclic prefix 1022. The resulting bit 

streams are converted, up-converted, combined, amplified, 

and transmitted as described above. The symbols are trans 

mitted over a single antenna. The frequencies f and f may 

hop to different frequencies as described above. 

FIG. 11 illustrates a wireless communication receiver 

according to one embodiment of the present invention. Com 

munication receiver 1100 includes antenna 1101, low noise 

amplifier 1102 (LNA), down-converter 1104, down-con 

verter 1105, synthesizer 1103, filter 1106, amplifier 1108, 

analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 1107, and decoding block 

1109. Antenna 1101, low noise amplifier 1102 (LNA), down 

converter 1104, down-converter 1105, synthesizer 1103, fil 

ter 1106, and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 1107 func 

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US 7.924,802 B2 

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tion in a similar manner as corresponding components 

antenna 901, low noise amplifier 902 (LNA), down-converter 

904, down-converter 905, synthesizer 903, filter 906, and 

analog-to-digital converter (ADC)907 function in circuit 900 

14 

ter frequency greater than the first center frequency, a 

second highest frequency, and a second lowest fre 

quency. 

2. The method of claim 1 wherein frequency difference 

described above. Amplifier 1108 may be an automatic gain 5 between the first center frequency and the second center 

control circuit or AGC added to provide additional gain 

prior to conversion into digital by ADC 1107. The transmitted 

signal is received on a single antenna and after down-conver 

sion the signals are recombined and share the same signal 

path through the filter 1106, amplifier 1108, and a single ADC 

1107. 

Decoding block 1109 produces estimates of the informa 

tion contained in the transmission. The data is converted from 

serial to parallel data 1110 and then the data is organized into 

blocks comprising “N' elements. The data is processed by a 

fast fourier transform (FFT) before estimating the data. This 

example utilizes Almouti code, but other orthogonal codes 

may be utilized. The purpose of the decoding is to recover S. 

and S from element 1114 and element 1115. Other elements 

are estimated in a similar fashion. h. h. ...,h represents the channel response over band frequency f. g. g. . . . . gy 

represents the channel response over band frequency f. Let 

Y be equal to element 1114, and let Y be equal to element 

1115. 

Y = h 1S (1) + g1S2(1) 

Y2 = hl S(1) + g1S 

Estimates 

gi Yi (1) - hi: 2 = - - h’ +g? 

The other elements may be estimated in a similar fashion. 

The above description illustrates various embodiments of 

the present invention along with examples of how aspects of 

the present invention may be implemented. The above 

examples and embodiments should not be deemed to be the 

only embodiments, and are presented to illustrate the flexibil 

ity and advantages of the present invention as defined by the 

following claims. For example, while one or more embodi 

ments may have been described as having “an input' or “an 

output, it is to be understood that this term includes single ended inputs, differential inputs, or even quadrature inputs. 

As another example, it is to be understood that the synthesizer 

used to generate different up/down conversion frequencies 

may be implemented as a single block or as multiple distinct 

blocks. Based on the above disclosure and the following claims, other arrangements, embodiments, implementations 

and equivalents will be evident to those skilled in the art and 

may be employed without departing from the spirit and scope 

of the invention as defined by the claims. 

What is claimed is: 

1. A method of transmitting information in a wireless com 

munication channel comprising: transmitting first information across a first frequency range 

using a wireless transmitter, the first frequency range having a first center frequency, a first highest frequency, 

and a first lowest frequency; and 

simultaneously transmitting second information across a 

second frequency range using the same wireless trans 

mitter, the second frequency range having a second cen 

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frequency is greater than the sum of one-half the first fre 

quency range and one-half the second frequency range. 

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second 

information are transmitted using the same power amplifier in 

said wireless transmitter. 

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the bandwidth of said 

power amplifier is greater than the difference between the first 

lowest frequency and the second highest frequency. 

5. The method of claim 1 further comprising concurrently changing the first center frequency to a third center frequency 

and the second center frequency to a fourth center frequency, 

wherein the fourth center frequency is greater than the third 

center frequency, and wherein the first center frequency changes by at least the first frequency range and the second 

center frequency changes by at least the second frequency 

range, and wherein the bandwidth of said power amplifier is 

greater than the difference between the first lowest frequency and the second highest frequency for the changed first and 

second center frequencies. 

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the first information 

corresponds to a first wireless protocol and the second infor 

mation corresponds to a second wireless protocol. 

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the first information and 

the second information are the same data transmitted across 

two different frequencies. 

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the first information and 

the second information are from the same data stream. 

9. The method of claim 1 wherein first information and 

second information comprise a plurality of OFDM symbols, 

wherein a first symbol is transmitted during a first time slot 

across the first frequency range and a second symbol is trans 

mitted during the first time slot across the second frequency 

range, and wherein a third symbol is transmitted during a 

second time slot across the first frequency range and a fourth 

symbol is transmitted during the second time slot across a 

Second frequency range. 

10. A method of transmitting information in a wireless 

communication channel comprising: receiving a first digital signal comprising first data to be 

transmitted; 

receiving a second digital signal comprising second data to 

be transmitted; 

converting the first digital signal into a first analog signal 

using a first digital-to-analog converter, the first analog 

signal carrying the first data across a first frequency 

range. 

converting the second digital signal into a second analog 

signal using a second digital-to-analog converter, the 

second analog signal carrying the second data across a 

Second frequency range; 

up-converting the first analog signal to a first RF center 

frequency to produce a first up-converted analog signal, 

wherein the first up-converted analog signal comprises a 

first up-converted frequency range from the first RF 

center frequency minus one-half the first frequency 

range to the first RF center frequency plus one-half the 

first frequency range; 

up-converting the second analog signal to a second RF 

center frequency greater than the first center RF fre 

quency to produce a second up-converted analog signal, 

wherein the second up-converted analog signal com 

prises a second up-converted frequency range from the 

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US 7.924,802 B2 

15 

second RF center frequency minus one-half the second 

frequency range to the second RF center frequency plus 

one-half the second frequency range, and wherein a 

frequency difference between the first RF center fre 

quency and the second RF center frequency is greater 

than the sum of one-half the first frequency range and 

one-half the second frequency range; combining the first up-converted analog signal and the 

second up-converted analog signal to produce a com 

bined up-converted signal; 

amplifying the combined up-converted signal in a power 

amplifier resulting in an amplified combined up-con 

Verted signal; and 

transmitting the amplified combined up-converted signal 

on a first antenna, 

wherein the bandwidth of said power amplifier is greater 

than the difference between a lowest frequency in the 

first up-converted frequency range and a highest fre 

quency in the second up-converted frequency range. 

11. The method of claim 10 further comprising changing 

the first and second RF center frequencies, and in accordance 

therewith, up-converting the first analog signals to the 

changed first and second RF center frequencies, wherein the 

first RF center frequency changes by at least the first fre 

quency range and the second RF center frequency changes by 

at least the second frequency range. 

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the first and second RF 

center frequencies are changed concurrently. 

13. The method of claim 10 wherein the first digital signal is encoded using a first wireless protocol and the second 

digital signal is encoded using a second wireless protocol. 

14. The method of claim 10 wherein the second data is the 

same as the first data, the method further comprising: receiving the transmitted signal on a second antenna; 

amplifying the received signal in a low noise amplifier resulting in an amplified received up-converted signal, 

wherein the bandwidth of said low noise amplifier is 

greater than the difference between the lowest frequency in the first up-converted frequency range and the highest 

frequency in the second up-converted frequency range; down-converting the amplified received up-converted Sig 

nal using a first down-converter and a signal correspond 

ing to the first RF center frequency to produce a fourth 

analog signal corresponding to the first analog signal; 

and 

down-converting the amplified received up-converted ana 

log signal using a second down-converter and a signal corresponding to the second RF center frequency to 

produce a fifth analog signal corresponding to the sec 

ond analog signal. 

15. The method of claim 12 further comprising: filtering the fourth analog signal using a third filter and 

filtering the fifth analog signal using a fourth filter; and 

converting the filtered fourth analog signal into a third 

digital signal using a first analog-to-digital converter and 

converting the filtered fifth analog signal into a fourth 

digital signal using a second analog-to-digital converter; 

and 

combining the third and fourth digital signals to receive 

data corresponding to the first data. 

16. The method of claim 12 further comprising: combining the fourth and fifth analog signals resulting in a 

sixth signal; and 

converting the sixth signal into a third digital signal using 

a first analog-to-digital converter, and in accordance 

therewith, receiving data corresponding to the first data. 

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16 

17. A wireless communication system comprising: 

a baseband digital system for providing a first digital signal 

comprising a first data to be transmitted and a second 

digital signal comprising a second data to be transmit 

ted; 

a first digital-to-analog converter for receiving the first 

digital signal and converting the first digital signal into a 

first analog signal, the first analog signal carrying the 

first data across a first frequency range; 

a second digital-to-analog converter for receiving the sec 

ond digital signal and converting the second digital sig 

nal into a second analog signal, the second analog signal 

carrying the second data across a second frequency 

range. 

a first up-converter circuit having a first input coupled to 

receive the first analog signal and a second input coupled 

to receive a first modulation signal having a first RF 

frequency, wherein the first up-converter outputs a first 

up-converted analog signal comprising a first up-con 

verted frequency range from the first RF frequency 

minus one-half the first frequency range to the first RF 

frequency plus one-half the first frequency range; 

a second up-converter circuit having a first input coupled to 

receive the second analog signal and a second input 

coupled to receive a second modulation signal having a 

second RF frequency, wherein the second up-converter 

outputs a second up-converted analog signal comprising 

a second up-converted frequency range from the second 

RF frequency minus one-half the second frequency 

range to the second RF frequency plus one-half the 

second frequency range, and wherein frequency differ 

ence between the first RF frequency and the second RF 

frequency is greater than the Sum of one-half the first 

frequency range and one-half the second frequency 

range; and 

a power amplifier coupled to receive the first and second 

up-converted analog signals, wherein the bandwidth of 

the power amplifier is greater than the difference 

between a lowest frequency in the first up-converted 

frequency range and a highest frequency in the second 

up-converted frequency range. 

18. The communication system of claim 17 wherein the 

first RF frequency and the second RF frequency change 

within the bandwidth of the power amplifier. 

19. The communication system of claim 18 wherein the 

first RF frequency and the second RF frequency change con 

currently. 

20. The communication system of claim 18 wherein the 

first RF frequency and the second RF frequency change peri odically. 

21. The communication system of claim 17 wherein the 

first data of the first digital signal is encoded using a first 

wireless protocol and the first data of the second digital signal 

is encoded using a second wireless protocol. 

22. The communication system of claim 17 wherein the 

second data corresponds to the first data and wherein the 

power amplifier outputs a third up-converted signal compris 

ing the up-converted first analog signal and the up-converted 

Second analog signal. 

23. The communication system of claim 17 wherein first 

and second data to be transmitted comprise a plurality of 

OFDM symbols, wherein a first symbol is transmitted during 

a first time slot across the first up-converted frequency range 

and a second symbol is transmitted during the first time slot 

across the second up-converted frequency range, and wherein 

a third symbol is transmitted during a second time slot across 

Case 2:23-cv-00455-JRG-RSP Document 1-1 Filed 09/29/23 Page 22 of 23 PageID #: 30
US 7.924,802 B2 

17 18 

the first up-converted frequency range and a fourth symbol is second down-converter output, wherein the first up-con 

transmitted during the second time slot across a second up- Verted signal comprises a first signal modulated at the 

converted frequency range. first RF frequency and a second signal modulated at the 

24. An electronic circuit comprising: second RF frequency; and 

a first down-converter circuit having a first input coupled to 5 a filter having an input coupled to the output of the first 

receive a first up-converted signal, a second input down-converter and the output of the second down-con 

coupled to receive a first demodulation signal having a verter, and in accordance therewith, the filter receives 

first RF frequency, and an output, wherein the first the first and second down-converted signals. 

down-converter circuit outputs a first down-converted 25. The communication system of claim 24 wherein first 

signal on the first down-converter output; 10 signal has a first frequency range and the second signal has a 

a second down-converter circuit having a first input second frequency range, and wherein the frequency differ 

coupled to receive the first up-converted signal, a second ence between the first RF frequency and the second RF fre 

input coupled to receive a second demodulation signal quency is greater than the Sum of one-half the first frequency having a second RF frequency different than the first RF range and one-half the second frequency range. 

frequency, and an output, wherein the second down- 15 

converter outputs a second down-converted signal on the k . . . . 

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