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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS

MARSHALL DIVISION

XR COMMUNICATIONS, LLC, dba

VIVATO TECHNOLOGIES,

Plaintiff, 

v. 

AT&T INC., AT&T SERVICES INC., 

AT&T MOBILITY LLC and AT&T CORP.,

Defendants, 

NOKIA OF AMERICA CORPORATION,

Intervenor.

Case No. 2:23-cv-00202-JRG-RSP

(Lead Case)

JURY TRIAL DEMANDED

NOKIA OF AMERICA CORPORATION’S ANSWER AND COUNTERCLAIMS IN

INTERVENTION

Intervenor Nokia of America Corporation (“Nokia” or “Intervenor”), hereby submits the 

following Answer and Counterclaims to the Complaint of Plaintiff XR Communications, LLC dba 

Vivato Technologies’ (“XR” or “Plaintiff”) against Defendants AT&T Services, Inc., AT&T 

Mobility LLC, and AT&T Corp.1 (collectively, “Defendants” or “AT&T”), as follows: 

SCOPE OF NOKIA’S ANSWER IN INTERVENTION

Nokia’s use of headings in this Answer in Intervention is for convenience only and is not 

an admission as to any of Plaintiff’s allegations in the Complaint.

Nokia further denies that any patent claims in this action are valid or enforceable. Nokia 

further reserves the right to amend or supplement its Answer in Intervention based on any 

1 Plaintiff has voluntarily dismissed AT&T Inc. from this lawsuit. See Dkt. 21. As used herein, 

the terms “AT&T” and “Defendants” do not include AT&T Inc. 

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additional facts or developments that become available or that arise after the filing of this Answer 

in Intervention. 

Nokia denies each and every allegation averred in the Complaint that is not expressly 

admitted below. Any factual allegation admitted below is admitted only as to the specific admitted 

facts, and not as to any purported conclusions, characterizations, implications, or speculations that 

might follow from the admitted facts.

INTRODUCTION

1. Nokia admits that the Complaint purports to make a claim for patent infringement 

of U.S. Patent Nos. 8,737,511 (the “’511 Patent”), 10,715,235 (the “’235 Patent”), 10,594,376 (the 

“’376 Patent”), 7,177,369 (the “’369 Patent”), and 8,289,939 (the “’939 Patent”), and collectively 

refers to the patents as the “Asserted Patents.” Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient 

to form a belief as to the ownership of the Asserted Patents. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed 

any of the Asserted Patents through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph 

contains any additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to 

form a belief as to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same.

2. Nokia admits that electronic devices connect to the Internet wirelessly and allow 

people to communicate with each other. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form 

a belief as to the truth of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 2, and therefore denies the same. 

3. Nokia admits that Guglielmo Marconi was granted a British Patent (No. 12039), 

but denies that it occurred in 1896. Nokia admits that British Patent (No. 12039) was titled 

“Improvements in Transmitting Electrical impulses and Signals, and in Apparatus therefor.” 

Nokia admits that Guglielmo Marconi shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand 

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Braun in 1909. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the remaining allegations of Paragraph 3, and therefore denies the same.

4. Nokia admits that Guglielmo Marconi shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl 

Ferdinand Braun in 1909. Nokia admits that Karl Ferdinand Braun gave a Nobel Lecture dated 

December 11, 1909. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the 

truth of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 4, and therefore denies the same.

5. Nokia admits that Karl Ferdinand Braun is credited with inventions related to radio 

waves. Nokia admits that Karl Ferdinand Braun’s December 11, 1909 Nobel Lecture described 

his experiments with antennas. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief 

as to the truth of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 5, and therefore denies the same.

6. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 6, and therefore denies the same.

7. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 7, and therefore denies the same.

8. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 8, and therefore denies the same.

9. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 9, and therefore denies the same.

THE PARTIES

10. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 10, and therefore denies the same. 

11. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 11, and therefore denies the same. 

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12. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 12, and therefore denies the same. 

13. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 13, and therefore denies the same. 

14. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 14, and therefore denies the same. 

15. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 15, and therefore denies the same. 

16. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 16, and therefore denies the same. 

17. Plaintiff has voluntarily dismissed AT&T Inc. from this lawsuit. No response is 

required to the allegations in Paragraph 17 of the Complaint because AT&T Inc. is no longer a 

party to this action. See Dkt. 21.

18. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 18, and therefore denies the same. 

19. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 19, and therefore denies the same. 

20. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 20, and therefore denies the same. 

JURISDICTION AND VENUE

21. Nokia admits that the Complaint purports to state a claim for patent infringement

arising under Title 35 of the United States Code. Nokia admits that this Court has subject matter 

jurisdiction over patent-law claims generally pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1338(a). 

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22. To the extent that the allegations of Paragraph 22 of the Complaint set forth legal 

conclusions, no response is required. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the Asserted 

Patents through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. Nokia lacks knowledge or information 

sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 22 concerning 

personal jurisdiction over AT&T, and therefore denies the same. 

23. To the extent that the allegations of Paragraph 23 of the Complaint set forth legal 

conclusions, no response is required. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the Asserted 

Patents through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. Nokia lacks knowledge or information 

sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 23, and therefore 

denies the same.

24. To the extent that the allegations of Paragraph 24 of the Complaint set forth legal 

conclusions, no response is required. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the Asserted 

Patents through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. Nokia, however, does not contest that venue in 

this District is proper pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1400(b) for purposes of this action only; but it does 

deny that this is the most convenient forum in which to try this case. Nokia lacks knowledge or 

information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 24, 

and therefore denies the same. 

25. Nokia admits that the page at www.att.com/maps/wireless-coverage.html appears 

to advertise coverage for at least part of the Eastern District of Texas. To the extent this paragraph 

contains any additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to 

form a belief as to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same.

26. Nokia admits that the document referenced in the footnote to paragraph 26 states: 

“At March 31, 2022, wireless subscribers totaled 196.6 million (including approximately 3.3 

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million FirstNet connections) compared to 186.1 million at March 31, 2021. To the extent this 

paragraph contains any additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information 

sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

27. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 27, and therefore denies the same. 

28. Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the allegations of Paragraph 28, and therefore denies the same. 

29. Nokia admits that the page at www.att.com/maps/wireless-coverage.html appears 

to advertise coverage for at least part of the Eastern District of Texas. To the extent this paragraph 

contains any additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to 

form a belief as to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

COUNT I

INFRINGEMENT OF U.S. PATENT NO. 8,737,511 

30. No response is required to Plaintiff’s reference and incorporation of Paragraphs 

above. To the extent a response is deemed required, Nokia repeats and incorporates by reference, 

as if fully set forth herein, their answers to Paragraphs 1-29, as set forth above. 

31. Nokia admits that Exhibit 1 to the Complaint purports to be a true and correct copy 

of U.S. Patent No. 8,737,511 (the “’511 Patent”) entitled “Directed MIMO Communications.” 

Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the remaining 

allegations of Paragraph 31, and therefore denies the same. 

32. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’511 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

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33. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’511 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

34. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’511 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

35. Nokia admits that Exhibit 2 attached to the Complaint purports to be a claim chart 

related to the ’511 Patent. Nokia denies the remaining allegations in Paragraph 35 of the 

Complaint. 

36. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’511 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

37. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’511 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment and therefore denies that Plaintiff is entitled to 

any relief. To the extent this paragraph contains any additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks 

knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of those allegations, and 

therefore denies the same. 

38. Nokia denies the allegations in Paragraph 38 of the Complaint. 

39. Nokia denies the allegations in Paragraph 39 of the Complaint.

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COUNT II

INFRINGEMENT OF U.S. PATENT NO. 10,715,235 

40. No response is required to Plaintiff’s reference and incorporation of Paragraphs 

above. To the extent a response is deemed required, Nokia repeats and incorporates by reference, 

as if fully set forth herein, their answers to Paragraphs 1-39, as set forth above.

41. Nokia admits that Exhibit 3 to the Complaint purports to be a true and correct copy 

of U.S. Patent No. 10,715,235 (the “’235 Patent”) entitled “Directed Wireless Communications.” 

Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the remaining 

allegations of Paragraph 41, and therefore denies the same. 

42. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’235 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

43. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’235 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

44. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’235 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

45. Nokia admits that Exhibit 4 attached to the Complaint purports to be a claim chart 

related to the ’235 Patent. Nokia denies the remaining allegations in Paragraph 45 of the 

Complaint. 

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46. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’235 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

47. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’235 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment and therefore denies that Plaintiff is entitled to 

any relief. To the extent this paragraph contains any additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks 

knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of those allegations, and 

therefore denies the same. 

48. Nokia denies the allegations in Paragraph 48 of the Complaint. 

49. Nokia denies the allegations in Paragraph 49 of the Complaint.

COUNT III

INFRINGEMENT OF U.S. PATENT NO. 10,594,376 

50. No response is required to Plaintiff’s reference and incorporation of the Paragraphs 

above. To the extent a response is deemed required, Nokia repeats and incorporates by reference,

as if fully set forth herein, their answers to Paragraphs 1- 49, as set forth above.

51. Nokia admits that Exhibit 5 to the Complaint purports to be a true and correct copy 

of U.S. Patent No. 10,594,376 (the “’376 Patent”) entitled “Directed Wireless Communications.” 

Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the remaining 

allegations of Paragraph 51, and therefore denies the same. 

52. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’376 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

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53. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’376 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

54. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’376 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

55. Nokia admits that Exhibit 6 attached to the Complaint purports to be a claim chart 

related to the ’376 Patent. Nokia denies the remaining allegations in Paragraph 55 of the 

Complaint. 

56. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’376 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

57. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’376 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment and therefore denies that Plaintiff is entitled to 

any relief. To the extent this paragraph contains any additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks 

knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of those allegations, and 

therefore denies the same. 

58. Nokia denies the allegations in Paragraph 58 of the Complaint. 

59. Nokia denies the allegations in Paragraph 59 of the Complaint.

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COUNT IV

INFRINGEMENT OF U.S. PATENT NO. 7,177,369 

60. No response is required to Plaintiff’s reference and incorporation of Paragraphs 

above. To the extent a response is deemed required, Nokia repeats and incorporates by reference, 

as if fully set forth herein, their answers to Paragraphs 1-59, as set forth above.

61. Nokia admits that Exhibit 7 to the Complaint purports to be a true and correct copy 

of U.S. Patent No. 7,177,369 (the “’369 Patent”) entitled “Multipath Communication Methods and 

Apparatuses.” Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the remaining allegations of Paragraph 61, and therefore denies the same. 

62. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’369 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

63. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’369 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

64. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’369 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

65. Nokia admits that Exhibit 8 attached to the Complaint purports to be a claim chart 

related to the ’369 Patent. Nokia denies the remaining allegations in Paragraph 65 of the 

Complaint. 

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66. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’369 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

67. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’369 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment and therefore denies that Plaintiff is entitled to 

any relief. To the extent this paragraph contains any additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks 

knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of those allegations, and 

therefore denies the same. 

68. Nokia denies the allegations in Paragraph 68 of the Complaint. 

69. Nokia denies the allegations in Paragraph 69 of the Complaint.

COUNT V

INFRINGEMENT OF U.S. PATENT NO. 9,289,9392 

70. No response is required to Plaintiff’s reference and incorporation of Paragraphs 

above. To the extent a response is deemed required, Nokia repeats and incorporates by reference, 

as if fully set forth herein, their answers to Paragraphs 1-69, as set forth above.

71. Nokia denies that Exhibit 9 to the Complaint attaches a true and correct copy of 

U.S. Patent No. 9,289,939. Nokia admits that Exhibit 9 to the Complaint purports to be a true and 

correct copy of U.S. Patent No. 8,289,939 (the “’939 Patent”) entitled “Signal Communication 

Coordination.” Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of 

the remaining allegations of Paragraph 71, and therefore denies the same. 

2 Nokia copies Plaintiff’s Headings for ease of reference, but notes that the Asserted Patent is U.S. 

Patent No. 8,289,939, not 9,289,939.

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72. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’939 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

73. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’939 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

74. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’939 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

75. Nokia admits that Exhibit 10 attached to the Complaint purports to be a claim chart 

related to the ’939 Patent. Nokia denies the remaining allegations in Paragraph 75 of the 

Complaint. 

76. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’939 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment. To the extent this paragraph contains any 

additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of those allegations, and therefore denies the same. 

77. Nokia denies that AT&T has infringed any of the referenced claims of the ’939 

Patent through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment and therefore denies that Plaintiff is entitled to 

any relief. To the extent this paragraph contains any additional factual allegations, Nokia lacks 

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knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of those allegations, and 

therefore denies the same. 

78. Nokia denies the allegations in Paragraph 78 of the Complaint. 

79. Nokia denies the allegations in Paragraph 79 of the Complaint.

PRAYER FOR RELIEF

These Paragraphs set forth the statement of relief requested by Plaintiff to which no 

response is required. Nokia denies that Plaintiff is entitled to any relief and specifically denies all 

the allegations and prayers for relief contained in Paragraphs (a) through (f) of Plaintiff’s Prayer 

for Relief.

DEFENSES

Subject to the responses above, Nokia alleges and asserts the following defenses in 

response to the allegations, without admitting or acknowledging that Nokia bears the burden of 

proof as to any of them or that any must be pleaded as defenses. Nokia specifically reserves all 

rights to allege additional defenses that become known through the course of discovery.

FIRST DEFENSE

(NO INFRINGEMENT)

1. Nokia equipment and technology supplied to AT&T has not infringed and does not 

infringe, either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents, any valid and enforceable claim of 

the Asserted Patents, in any manner including under any section of 35 U.S.C. § 271, including 35 

U.S.C. §271(a), (b), and/or (c), willfully or otherwise. AT&T has not performed any act and are 

not proposing to perform any act in violation of any rights validly belong to Plaintiff.

SECOND DEFENSE

(INVALIDITY)

2. The asserted claims of the Asserted Patents are invalid for failure to satisfy the 

requirements of 35 U.S.C. § 100, et seq., including, but not limited to, one or more of the following: 

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35 U.S.C. §§ 101, 102, 103, and/or 112. For example, each claim is invalid in view of the 

references cited by the Examiner and arguments made by the Applicants during prosecution of the 

applications that issued as the Asserted Patents. 

THIRD DEFENSE

(NOTICE, DAMAGES, AND COSTS)

3. Plaintiff’s claims for damages are statutorily limited under 35 U.S.C. §§ 252, 286, 

287, or 307. To the extent Plaintiff or its licensees have failed to comply with the marking and 

notice requirements of 35 U.S.C. § 287(a), Plaintiff’s requested relief is barred, in whole or in part, 

for any damages arising from AT&T’s alleged infringement prior to at least the date of the filing 

of the original Complaint or otherwise limited by 35 U.S.C. § 286.

4. Plaintiff is barred from recovering costs in connection with this action under 35 

U.S.C. § 288.

5. Plaintiff’s claims for relief are limited by the doctrines of full compensation, 

exhaustion, and/or first sale, and Plaintiff is not entitled to a double recovery. 

FOURTH DEFENSE

(PROSECUTION HISTORY ESTOPPEL)

6. Plaintiff’s claims are barred by the doctrine of prosecution history estoppel based 

on statements, representations, and admissions made during the prosecution of the patent 

applications resulting in the Asserted Patents before the United States Patent and Trademark Office 

and/or during the prosecution of related patent applications.

FIFTH DEFENSE

(FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM)

7. The Complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. 

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SIXTH DEFENSE

(LICENSE, IMPLIED LICENSE, AND/OR EXHAUSTION)

8. Plaintiff’s claims for patent infringement are precluded in whole or in part (i) to the 

extent that any allegedly infringing products or components thereof are supplied, directly or 

indirectly, by any entity or entities having express or implied licenses or covenant not to sue or 

assert to the Asserted Patents and/or (ii) under the doctrine of patent exhaustion. Additionally, 

Plaintiff’s claims for patent infringement are precluded in whole or in part to any direct licenses 

or agreements/covenants not to sue that pertain to AT&T or Nokia. 

SEVENTH DEFENSE

(INEQUITABLE CONDUCT)

9. Plaintiff’s enforcement of at least the ’235 Patent, the ’376 Patent, and the ’939 

Patent is barred by inequitable conduct, as follows:

10. The ’235, ’376, and ’939 Patents all ultimately arose from applications originally 

filed in 2003 as Application Serial Numbers 10/700,329 for the ʼ235 and ʼ376 Patents and 

10/700,342, for the ʼ939 Patent.

11. By fall of 2007, the ’329 and ’342 applications were owned by Vivato Networks, 

Inc.

12. In December 2007, Vivato Networks merged with Catcher Holdings, Inc. 

(“Catcher”), and transferred the patent applications to Vivato Networks Holdings, Inc. (“Vivato 

Holdings”). Vivato Holdings granted Catcher the exclusive right to prosecute the applications. 

On April 1, 2008, Catcher ceased operations and terminated all employees due to a lack of working 

capital.

13. In late April or early May 2008, Brooks withdrew as the attorney of record for the 

’329 and ’342 applications.

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14. In June 2008, Aequitas Equipment Finance, LLC (“Aequitas”), assignee of 

Aequitas Capital’s security interest in the applications, sought to foreclose on the ’329 and ’342 

applications, each of which became abandoned between June and July 2008 for failure to respond 

to office actions from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”).

15. In April 2009, Aequitas obtained a foreclosure judgment against Vivato Networks 

and Vivato Holdings, and took title of the abandoned applications through a sheriff’s sale.

16. In fall 2009, Carl J. Schwedler, attorney for Aequitas, filed petitions to revive the 

’329 and ’342 applications. As part of each of those petitions, Schwedler represented that the 

entire period of delay from the due date for filing a reply to the pending USPTO office actions to 

the date of the petitions, was unintentional under 37 C.F.R. § 1.137(b)(4).

17. Upon information and belief, Schwedler’s representation that the delay in 

prosecuting the applications was unintentional was false.

18. The USPTO granted the petitions filed by Aequitas to revive the ’342 application, 

but denied the petition to revive the ’329 application. In December 2009, Aequitas sold its patent 

portfolio (including the revived ’342 application and the still-abandoned ’329 application) to 

Plaintiff XR.

19. In 2010, XR took responsibility for prosecuting the patent applications.

20. On November 8, 2010, Daniel P. Burke, an attorney for XR, filed a renewed petition 

to revive the ’329 application. In doing so, Burke represented to the USPTO that the entire period 

of delay from the due date for filing a reply to the pending USPTO office action to the date of the 

petition was unintentional.

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21. Upon information and belief, Burke’s representation that delay in prosecuting the 

applications was unintentional was false, and XR itself would not have had knowledge of the 

circumstances surrounding the abandonment of the applications.

22. Upon information and belief, the delay that resulted in abandonment of the ’329 

and ’342 applications was not unintentional.

23. Upon information and belief, Aequitas and XR falsely certified that the entire 

period of delay in replying to the PTO was unintentional. 

24. Upon information and belief, the false representations that the entire period of delay 

in responding to the USPTO with respect to the ’329, and ’342 applications was unintentional were 

made with intent to deceive the USPTO into granting the petitions to revive. Specifically, upon 

information and belief, the following petitions to revive (and requests for reconsideration) 

contained knowingly false statements made with intent to deceive, and were material to the 

USPTO’s decision to revive the applications and ultimately issue the Patents-in-Suit: 

a. The petition to revive the ’329 application, filed on August 28, 2009 by 

Schwedler;

b. The petition to revive the ’342 application, filed on November 3, 2009 by 

Schwedler;

c. The request for reconsideration of the dismissal of the petition to revive the 

’329 application, filed on November 18, 2009 by Schwedler; and

d. The renewed petition to revive the ’329 application, filed on November 8, 

2010 by Burke.

25. Upon information and belief, the false representations that the entire period of delay 

in responding to the USPTO with respect to the ’329 and ’342 applications was unintentional were 

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material to the USPTO, because without that false representation the USPTO would not have 

ultimately granted the petitions to revive and the ’235, ’376, and ’939 Patents never would have 

issued. 

26. Accordingly, upon information and belief, Aequitas, XR and their counsel engaged 

in inequitable conduct in reviving the ’329 and ’342 applications.

EIGHTH DEFENSE

(STATUTORY LIMITATIONS)

27. To the extent certain equipment accused of infringing the Asserted Patents are used 

by and/or manufactured for the United States Government and/or public good, Plaintiff’s claims 

involving AT&T or Nokia equipment or technology may not be pursued in this Court and are 

subject to other limitations pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1498.

NINTH DEFENSE

(NO ENTITLEMENT TO INJUNCTIVE RELIEF)

28. XR is not entitled to injunctive relief. Under eBay v. MercExchange, LLC, 547 U.S. 

388 (2006), any alleged injury to XR would not be immediate or irreparable, XR would have an 

adequate remedy at law, and the balance of hardships does not warrant injunctive relief. 

RESERVATION OF DEFENSES

Nokia hereby reserves the right to supplement defenses as discovery proceeds in this case.

INTERVENOR NOKIA OF AMERICA CORPORATION’S COUNTERCLAIMS

Without admitting any of the allegations of the Complaint other than those expressly 

admitted herein, and without prejudice to the right to plead any additional counterclaims as the 

facts of the matter warrant, pursuant to Rule 13 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Nokia of 

America Corporation (“Nokia”) asserts the following counterclaims against Plaintiff XR 

Communications, LLC (“Plaintiff” or “XR”): 

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Parties

1. Intervenor Nokia is a Delaware Corporation with its principal place of business at 

600-700 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974. 

2. Upon information and belief, and according to the allegations in its Complaint, 

Plaintiff XR Communications, LLC is a Delaware limited liability company with a principal place 

of business at 2809 Ocean Front Walk, Venice, California 90291. 

3. Plaintiff’s Complaint alleges that it is the “sole owner by assignment of all right, 

title, and interest in each Asserted Patent.”

Jurisdiction and Venue

4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over these counterclaims under 28 U.S.C. 

§§ 1331, 1338(a), 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201, 2202, and 35 U.S.C. §§ 271, et seq. 

5. This Court has personal jurisdiction over Plaintiff because, among other reasons, 

Plaintiff has consented to jurisdiction by choosing to file claims for infringement of the Asserted 

Patents in this district.

6. Venue is proper in this district. Plaintiff has consented to venue in this district by 

bringing this action against Defendants, and thus venue for Nokia’s counterclaims is proper in this 

district, although a different venue may be more convenient to hear the dispute. 

Nature of the Action

7. Based on XR’s Complaint, XR has substantial rights and interests in U.S. Patent 

Nos. 8,737,511 (the “’511 Patent”), 10,715,235 (the “’235 Patent”), 10,594,376 (the “’376 

Patent”), 7,177,369 (the “’369 Patent”), and 8,289,939 (the “’939 Patent”), and collectively 

referred to as the Asserted Patents.

8. Plaintiff has sued Nokia’s customer, AT&T (as defined above) for alleged

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infringement of the Asserted Patents in Eastern District of Texas, Case No. 2:23-cv-00202 (the 

“AT&T Case”).

9. Plaintiff’s Complaint in the AT&T Case alleges infringement based, in part, upon 

functionality implemented by network equipment and technology supplied by Nokia to AT&T.

10. Nokia asserts that the Asserted Patents are invalid for failure to satisfy the 

requirements of 35 U.S.C. § 100, et seq., including, but not limited to, one or more of the following: 

35 U.S.C. §§ 101, 102, 103, and/or 112. 

11. Nokia further denies that AT&T has infringed the Asserted Patents, directly or 

indirectly, through AT&T’s use of Nokia equipment or technology. 

12. In view of the foregoing, a conflict of asserted rights between Nokia and Plaintiff 

with respect to the alleged infringement and validity of the Asserted Patents. 

First Counterclaim 

Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of the ’511 Patent

13. Nokia incorporates by reference the prior allegations.

14. Plaintiff alleges that AT&T infringes the ’511 Patent through the use of Nokia’s 

equipment and technology in its wireless network. 

15. An actual, substantial, and continuing justiciable controversy exists between Nokia 

and Plaintiff with respect to infringement of the ’511 Patent. 

16. Nokia’s equipment and technology does not infringe and has not infringed any valid 

claim of the ’511 Patent literally, directly, indirectly (such as contributorily or by way of 

inducement), willfully, or under the doctrine of equivalents.

17. There exists an actual and justiciable controversy, within the meaning of 28 U.S.C. 

§§ 2201 and 2202, between Nokia and Plaintiff as to whether the Nokia’s equipment and 

technology has infringed or infringes any valid and enforceable claim of the ’511 Patent. 

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18. Nokia requests a judicial determination and declaration that Nokia’s equipment and 

technology does not infringe any valid and enforceable claim of the ’511 Patent. 

Second Counterclaim 

Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of the ’235 Patent

19. Nokia incorporates by reference the prior allegations.

20. Plaintiff alleges that AT&T infringes the ’235 Patent through the use of Nokia’s 

equipment and technology in its wireless network. 

21. An actual, substantial, and continuing justiciable controversy exists between Nokia 

and Plaintiff with respect to infringement of the ’235 Patent. 

22. Nokia’s equipment and technology does not infringe and has not infringed any valid 

claim of the ’235 Patent literally, directly, indirectly (such as contributorily or by way of 

inducement), willfully, or under the doctrine of equivalents. 

23. Accordingly, there exists an actual and justiciable controversy, within the meaning 

of 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201 and 2202, between Nokia and Plaintiff as to whether the Nokia’s equipment 

and technology has infringed or infringes any valid and enforceable claim of the ’235 Patent. 

24. Nokia requests a judicial determination and declaration that Nokia’s equipment and 

technology does not infringe any valid and enforceable claim of the ’235 Patent. 

Third Counterclaim 

Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of the ’376 Patent

25. Nokia incorporates by reference the prior allegations.

26. Plaintiff alleges that AT&T infringes the ’376 Patent through the use of Nokia’s 

equipment and technology in its wireless network. 

27. An actual, substantial, and continuing justiciable controversy exists between Nokia 

and Plaintiff with respect to infringement of the ’376 Patent. 

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28. Nokia’s equipment and technology in a wireless network does not infringe and has 

not infringed any valid claim of the ’376 Patent literally, directly, indirectly (such as contributorily 

or by way of inducement), willfully, or under the doctrine of equivalents. 

29. Accordingly, there exists an actual and justiciable controversy, within the meaning 

of 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201 and 2202, between Nokia and Plaintiff as to whether the Nokia’s equipment 

and technology has infringed or infringes any valid and enforceable claim of the ’376 Patent. 

30. Nokia requests a judicial determination and declaration that Nokia’s equipment and 

technology does not infringe any valid and enforceable claim of the ’376 Patent. 

Fourth Counterclaim 

Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of the ’369 Patent

31. Nokia incorporates by reference the prior allegations.

32. Plaintiff alleges that AT&T infringes the ’369 Patent through the use of Nokia’s 

equipment and technology in its wireless network. 

33. An actual, substantial, and continuing justiciable controversy exists between Nokia 

and Plaintiff with respect to infringement of the ’369 Patent. 

34. Nokia’s equipment and technology does not infringe and has not infringed any valid 

claim of the ’369 Patent literally, directly, indirectly (such as contributorily or by way of 

inducement), willfully, or under the doctrine of equivalents. 

35. Accordingly, there exists an actual and justiciable controversy, within the meaning 

of 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201 and 2202, between Nokia and Plaintiff as to whether the Nokia’s equipment 

and technology has infringed or infringes any valid and enforceable claim of the ’369 Patent. 

36. Nokia requests a judicial determination and declaration that Nokia’s equipment and 

technology does not infringe any valid and enforceable claim of the ’369 Patent. 

Fifth Counterclaim 

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Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of the ’939 Patent

37. Nokia incorporates by reference the prior allegations.

38. Plaintiff alleges that AT&T infringes the ’939 Patent through the use of Nokia’s 

equipment and technology in its wireless network.

39. An actual, substantial, and continuing justiciable controversy exists between Nokia 

and Plaintiff with respect to infringement of the ’939 Patent.

40. Nokia’s equipment and technology does not infringe and has not infringed any valid 

claim of the ’939 Patent literally, directly, indirectly (such as contributorily or by way of 

inducement), willfully, or under the doctrine of equivalents.

41. Accordingly, there exists an actual and justiciable controversy, within the meaning 

of 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201 and 2202, between Nokia and Plaintiff as to whether the Nokia’s equipment 

and technology, either alone or as used in a wireless network, has infringed or infringes any valid 

and enforceable claim of the ’939 Patent.

42. Nokia requests a judicial determination and declaration that Nokia’s equipment and 

technology does not infringe any valid and enforceable claim of the ’939 Patent.

PRAYER FOR RELIEF

WHEREFORE, Nokia prays for judgment as follows:

a. A declaration that AT&T has not infringed the Asserted Patents through AT&T’s 

use of Nokia equipment and/or technology, contributed to the infringement of any of the Asserted 

Patents, and/or induced others to infringe any of the Asserted Patents 

b. A judgment in favor of Nokia on all of its Defenses;

c. A judgment denying any relief whatsoever, including but not limited to injunctive 

relief, in favor of Cobblestone; 

d. A judgment in favor of Nokia on its Counterclaims; 

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e. A judgment that the claims of each of the Asserted Patents are invalid and/or 

unenforceable; 

f. A judgment that this action is exceptional within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. § 285 

and an award of attorney’s fees and expenses of litigation to Nokia; 

g. Such other and further relief as this Court may deem just and proper. 

DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL

In accordance with Rule 38 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Local Rule CV-38, 

Intervenor Nokia respectfully demand a jury trial of all issues triable to a jury in this action. 

Dated: September 26, 2023 Respectfully submitted,

/s/ Deron R. Dacus 

Deron R. Dacus (TBN 00790553) 

ddacus@dacusfirm.com 

THE DACUS FIRM, P.C.

821 ESE Loop 323 

Suite 430 

Tyler, Texas 75701 

Telephone: 903.705.1117 

Facsimile: 903.581.2543 

Email: ddacus@dacusfirm.com 

Matthew S. Yungwirth 

Email: msyungwirth@duanemorris.com 

John R. Gibson 

Email: jrgibson@duanemorris.com 

Alice E. Snedeker

aesnedeker@duanemorris.com 

DUANE MORRIS LLP

1075 Peachtree Street NE, Suite 1700 

Atlanta, GA 30309 

Telephone: (404) 253-6900 

Counsel for Intervenor Nokia of America 

Corporation

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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

The undersigned certifies that all counsel of record who are deemed to have consented to 

electronic service are being served with a copy of this document via the Court’s CM/ECF system 

per Local Rule CV-5(a)(3) on September 26, 2023. 

/s/ Deron R. Dacus 

 Deron R. Dacus 

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