Exhibit 2

Case 2:23-cv-00397-JRG-RSP Document 70-2 Filed 10/17/24 Page 1 of 32 PageID #: 1316
USOO9198.042B2 

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,198,042 B2 

Raleigh (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 24, 2015 

(54) SECURITY TECHNIQUES FOR DEVICE IPC ............................. H04M 2215/32; H04L 63/20 

ASSISTED SERVICES See application file for complete search history. 

(71) Applicant: Headwater Partners I LLC, Redwood (56) References Cited 

Shores, CA (US) U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 

(72) Inventor: Gregory G. Raleigh, Woodside, CA 5,131,020 A 7/1992 Liebesny et al. 

(US) 5,283,904 A 2f1994 Carson et al. 

(73) Assignee: Headwater Partners I LLC, Redwood (Continued) 

City, CA (US) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 

(*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 

past instituted under 35 & i Al '3. M YW- y ayS. (Continued) 

(21) Appl. No.: 13/737,748 OTHER PUBLICATIONS 

“Communication Concepts for Mobile Agent Systems.” by Joachim 

(22) Filed: Jan. 9, 2013 Baumann et al.; Inst. Of Parallel and Distributed High-Performance 

Systems, Univ. of Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 123-135, 1997. 

(65) Prior Publication Data (Continued) 

US 2013/O145422 A1 Jun. 6, 2013 

O O Primary Examiner — Andrew Joseph Rudy 

Related U.S. Application Data (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — James E. Harris 

(63) Continuation of application No. 12/694,445, filed on 

Jan. 27, 2010, now Pat. No. 8,391,834, which is a (57) ABSTRACT 

continuation of application No. 12/380,780, filed on Methods and systems for receiving a report from an end-user 

Mar. 2, 2009, now Pat. No. 8,839,388. device, the report comprising information about a device 

service state; determining, based on the report, that a particu (Continued) lar service policy setting of the end-user device needs to be 

modified, the particular service policy setting associated with 

(51) Int. Cl. a service profile that provides for access to a network data 

H04L 29/06 (2006.01) service over a wireless access network and configured to 

H04M II/00 (2006.01) assist in controlling one or more communications between 

(Continued) the end-user device and the wireless access network, the 

particular service policy setting stored in a protected partition (52) U.S. AV e. Cl we CO9CO figured to deter CO. or prevent We unauthorized alC)17COO1Ca1OSO modifications t 

CPC ............... H04 W 12/08 (2013.01); G06F2I/53 the particular service policy setting; and, in response to deter 

(2013.01); G06F2I/55 (2013.01); mining that the particular service policy setting needs to be 

(Continued) modified, sending configuration information to the end-user d eV1ce, th line configural1on figurat 1n f Iormal1on t configured nfigured t to ass1Sl. t 1n 

(58) Field of Classification Search modifying or allowing modifications to the particular service 

USPC ........... 455/405, 406, 411, 414.1, 417, 432.1; policy setting. 

370/352,354; 709/203, 217, 219, 223: 

726/1, 26; 705/28, 30 

42 

PROTECTDAS ExecutoNPARTITION 

18 Claims, 11 Drawing Sheets 

t ossTACKANDORSTACKAPIs) MPLEMENTATION H SRWCMEASUR 

A12KERNELEECTION PARTITION BUSERVER in POLICY CNTROL 

ACCESS 

CONTROL 

INTEGRITY 

SERVICE SERVICE HSTORY CONTROLER 122 

ACCESS 

NETWORK 

SWCUSAG 

ILLING, MECATION SERWEESSESS, RECONCATION 

PRIVATE 

NETWORK 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Case 2:23-cv-00397-JRG-RSP Document 70-2 Filed 10/17/24 Page 2 of 32 PageID #: 1317
US 9,198,042 B2 

Page 2 

(60) 

(51) 

(52) 

(56) 

Related U.S. Application Data 

Provisional application No. 61/206,354, filed on Jan. 

28, 2009, provisional application No. 61/206,944, 

filed on Feb. 4, 2009, provisional application No. 

61/207,393, filed on Feb. 10, 2009, provisional appli 

cation No. 61/207,739, filed on Feb. 13, 2009, provi sional application No. 61/252,151, filed on Oct. 15, 

2009, provisional application No. 61/206,354, filed on 

Jan. 28, 2009, provisional application No. 61/206,944, 

filed on Feb. 4, 2009, provisional application No. 

61/207,393, filed on Feb. 10, 2009, provisional appli 

cation No. 61/207,739, filed on Feb. 13, 2009. 

Int. C. 

HO47 (2/08 (2009.01) 

G06F 2/53 (2013.01) 

G06F 2/55 (2013.01) 

U.S. C. 

CPC. H04L 63/0428 (2013.01); G06F 222 1/2101 

(2013.01); G06F 222 1/21 15 (2013.01); G06F 

222 1/2149 (2013.01); H04L 63/145 (2013.01) 

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US 9, 198,042 B2 

1. 

SECURITY TECHNIQUES FOR DEVICE 

ASSISTED SERVICES 

CROSS REFERENCE TO OTHER 

APPLICATIONS 

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 

12/694,445, filed Jan. 27, 2010, entitled SECURITY TECH 

NIQUES FOR DEVICE ASSISTED SERVICES, which is a 

continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 12/380,780, filed 

Mar. 2, 2009, entitled AUTOMATED DEVICE PROVI 

SIONING AND ACTIVATION, both of which are incorpo 

rated herein by reference for all purposes. Application Ser. No. 12/694,445, filed Jan. 27, 2010, 

entitled SECURITY TECHNIQUES FOR DEVICE 

ASSISTED SERVICES, claims the benefit of provisional Application No. 61/206,354, filed Jan. 28, 2009, entitled 

SERVICES POLICY COMMUNICATION SYSTEMAND 

METHOD, provisional Application No. 61/206,944, filed 

Feb. 4, 2009, entitled SERVICES POLICY COMMUNICA 

TION SYSTEM AND METHOD, provisional Application 

No. 61/207,393, filed Feb. 10, 2009, entitled SERVICES 

POLICY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD, 

provisional Application No. 61/207,739, filed Feb. 13, 2009, 

entitled SERVICES POLICY COMMUNICATION SYS 

TEM AND METHOD, and provisional Application No. 

61/252,151, filed on Oct. 15, 2009, entitled SECURITY 

TECHNIQUES FOR DEVICE ASSISTED SERVICES, all 

of which are incorporated herein by reference for all pur 

poses. 

Application Ser. No. 12/380,780, filed Mar. 2, 2009, 

entitled AUTOMATED DEVICE PROVISIONING AND 

ACTIVATION, claims the benefit of provisional Application 

No. 61/206,354, filed Jan. 28, 2009, entitled SERVICES 

POLICY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD, 

provisional Application No. 61/206,944, filed Feb. 4, 2009, 

entitled SERVICES POLICY COMMUNICATION SYS 

TEMAND METHOD, provisional Application No. 61/207, 

393, filed Feb. 10, 2009, entitled SERVICESPOLICY COM 

MUNICATION SYSTEMAND METHOD, and provisional Application No. 61/207,739, filed Feb. 13, 2009, entitled 

SERVICES POLICY COMMUNICATION SYSTEMAND 

METHOD 

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 

With the advent of mass market digital communications, 

applications and content distribution, many access networks 

such as wireless networks, cable networks and DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) networks are pressed for user capacity, with, 

for example, EVDO (Evolution-Data Optimized), HSPA 

(High Speed Packet Access), LTE (Long Term Evolution), 

WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), 

DOCSIS, DSL, and Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) becoming user 

capacity constrained. In the wireless case, although network 

capacity will increase with new higher capacity wireless radio 

access technologies, such as MIMO (Multiple-Input Mul 

tiple-Output), and with more frequency spectrum and cell 

splitting being deployed in the future, these capacity gains are 

likely to be less than what is required to meet growing digital networking demand. 

Similarly, although wire line access networks, such as 

cable and DSL, can have higher average capacity per user 

compared to wireless, wire line user service consumption habits are trending toward very high bandwidth applications 

and content that can quickly consume the available capacity 

and degrade overall network service experience. Because 

10 

15 

25 

30 

35 

40 

45 

50 

55 

60 

65 

2 

Some components of service provider costs go up with 

increasing bandwidth, this trend will also negatively impact 

service provider profits. 

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 

Various embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the 

following detailed description and the accompanying draw 

ings. 

FIG. 1 illustrates a secure execution environment for 

device assisted services in accordance with some embodi 

mentS. 

FIG. 2 illustrates anothersecure execution environment for 

device assisted services in accordance with some embodi 

mentS. 

FIG.3 illustrates anothersecure execution environment for 

device assisted services in accordance with some embodi 

mentS. 

FIG. 4 illustrates anothersecure execution environment for 

device assisted services in accordance with some embodi 

mentS. 

FIG.5 illustrates anothersecure execution environment for 

device assisted services in accordance with some embodi 

mentS. 

FIG. 6 illustrates anothersecure execution environment for 

device assisted services in accordance with some embodi 

mentS. 

FIG. 7 illustrates anothersecure execution environment for 

device assisted services in accordance with some embodi 

mentS. 

FIG. 8 illustrates anothersecure execution environment for 

device assisted services in accordance with some embodi 

mentS. 

FIG.9 illustrates anothersecure execution environment for 

device assisted services in accordance with some embodi 

mentS. 

FIG. 10 illustrates another secure execution environment 

for device assisted Services in accordance with some embodi 

mentS. 

FIG. 11 illustrates another secure execution environment 

for device assisted Services in accordance with some embodi 

mentS. 

DETAILED DESCRIPTION 

The invention can be implemented in numerous ways, including as a process; an apparatus; a system; a composition 

of matter, a computer program product embodied on a com 

puter readable storage medium; and/or a processor, such as a 

processor configured to execute instructions stored on and/or 

provided by a memory coupled to the processor. In this speci 

fication, these implementations, or any other form that the 

invention may take, may be referred to as techniques. In 

general, the order of the steps of disclosed processes may be 

altered within the scope of the invention. Unless stated oth 

erwise, a component Such as a processor or a memory 

described as being configured to perform a task may be imple 

mented as a general component that is temporarily configured 

to perform the task at a given time or a specific component 

that is manufactured to perform the task. As used herein, the 

term processor refers to one or more devices, circuits, and/or 

processing cores configured to process data, Such as computer 

program instructions. 

A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the 

invention is provided below along with accompanying figures 

that illustrate the principles of the invention. The invention is 

described in connection with such embodiments, but the 

Case 2:23-cv-00397-JRG-RSP Document 70-2 Filed 10/17/24 Page 23 of 32 PageID #:

1338
US 9, 198,042 B2 

3 

invention is not limited to any embodiment. The scope of the 

invention is limited only by the claims and the invention 

encompasses numerous alternatives, modifications and 

equivalents. Numerous specific details are set forth in the 

following description in order to provide a thorough under 

standing of the invention. These details are provided for the 

purpose of example and the invention may be practiced 

according to the claims without some or all of these specific details. For the purpose of clarity, technical material that is 

known in the technical fields related to the invention has not 

been described in detail so that the invention is not unneces 

sarily obscured. 

In some embodiments, security techniques for device 

assisted services are provided. In some embodiments, secure 

service measurement and/or control execution partition tech 

niques for device assisted services are provided. In some 

embodiments, a secure execution environment for device 

assisted services is provided. In some embodiments, a secure 

stack for device assisted services is provided. In some 

embodiments, a secure memory for device assisted services is 

provided. In some embodiments, a secure modem for device 

assisted services is provided (e.g., providing a secure com 

munication link between the modem/modem driver and a 

service processor and/or agent on the device. Such as a com 

munications device oran intermediate networking device). In 

Some embodiments, one or more secure monitoring points for 

device assisted services are provided. In some embodiments, 

one or more secure monitoring points with verification for 

device assisted services are provided (e.g., a secured moni 

toring point can be provided in a modem, which communi 

cates securely to a secured execution environment in a CPU/ 

processor, which can then verify such service usage 

measures). In some embodiments, a secure bus for device 

assisted services is provided. In some embodiments, a secure 

execution environment in the CPU/processor for device 

assisted services is provided. In some embodiments, secure 

access to a secure execution environment(s) for device 

assisted services is provided (e.g., securing communication 

from a bottom of the stack, such as modem drivers, which 

require credentials to access the bus as controlled by a service 

processor or secure agent on the device, and in which the 

traffic on the bus is encrypted). In some embodiments, various secure execution environments for device assisted Services 

are provided using various hardware partition techniques 

(e.g., secure memory, secure modems, secure memory parti 

tion(s) in the CPU/processor), as described herein. 

In some embodiments, device assisted services (DAS) pro vide for one or more of device based service usage measure 

ments, service usage policy implementation, service usage 

accounting, service usage control, and any of the other func 

tions described in various embodiments that assist, replace, and/or augment network based functions. For example, Vari 

ous DAS embodiments perform one or more of the following: 

facilitate and control activation to one or more access service 

networks; measure access and/or service usage on one or 

more access networks; control access and/or service usage on 

one or more access networks; account for different types of 

service usage on one or more access networks; implement quality of service (QOS) controls, collect and report QOS 

traffic demand, aggregate multiple device QOS demand 

reports to asses a measure of overall network QOS demand, 

and/or facilitate QOS resource allocation; and/or facilitate 

roaming between access networks. There are many more 

functions and embodiments for DAS as described with 

respect to various embodiments. 

In some embodiments, various program/functional ele 

ments that perform the functions to implement various DAS 

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4 

embodiments are referred to herein as DAS agents or device 

assisted service agents, or in some embodiments, more spe 

cific terms are used to be more descriptive in specific 

examples. In some embodiments, device assisted service 

agent functions include service measurements and/or service 

measure recording and/or service measure reporting (e.g., to 

the service controller, the device, the user, or other device 

agents) and/or service measure synchronization (e.g., 

between device and network). In some embodiments, device 

assisted Service agent functions include service usage con 

trols and/or service usage control policy settings. In some 

embodiments, service usage controls include one or more of 

network authorization, network authentication, network 

admission, access control, service usage activity classifica 

tion, allowing or disallowing one or more service usage activ 

ity and traffic shaping for one or more service usage activity. 

In some embodiments, device assisted service agent func 

tions include one or more of the following: reporting service 

usage to QOS control elements in the network, receiving QOS assignment from the network, reporting QOS assignments to 

the network, and/or communicating with QOS service reser 

Vation elements in the network. In some embodiments, device 

assisted service agent functions include one or more of imple 

menting QOS service controls on the device based on one or 

more of the following criteria: fair queuing of service usage 

activities, differentiated QOS based on an assigned QOS 

hierarchy of service usage activities, service usage activity 

QOS assignments from the network for one or more service 

usage activities, service usage activity policy directives from 

the network for one or more service usage activities. 

In some embodiments, a service control link is used for 

communication between the device assisted service agents 

and the service controller. In some embodiments, the service 

control link is a secure link (e.g., an encrypted communica 

tion link). 

In some embodiments, the device assisted service agent 

functions include device assisted service system communi 

cation, measuring and/or recording and/or reporting and/or 

synchronizing service measures, observing communicating 

information for service control integrity, communicating 

information for service control policy instructions and/or set 

tings, or updating device assisted Software and/or agent set 

tings. 

In some embodiments, device assisted service on the 

device includes the following: service measurements, service 

controls, user interface and usage reporting, user policy options, accept policy instructions, protected execution par 

tition provided to prevent hacking, malware, errors, and other 

security techniques. In some embodiments, device assisted 

service on the server includes one or more of the following: 

set policy, set configurations, install/update agents, check 

usage versus policy, check proper operation of agents, Syn 

chronize usage from network to device, and other verification 

techniques. For example, when errors in policy enforcement 

are detected, servers can perform actions to either further 

observe, quarantine, or Suspend the device. 

In some embodiments, a control server/control service net 

work element receives service measures from the device. In 

some embodiments, the control server/control service net 

workelement receives service measures from the network. In 

some embodiments, the control server/control service net 

work element sets policies and manages service across mul 

tiple networks (e.g., while one modem is shown in various 

figures, multiple modems can be employed for multiple net 

works with consistent service usage measures, service con 

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trols, QOS controls, UI (User Interface), user preferences, 

user usage reporting, and/or other settings/controls across 

different networks). 

In some embodiments, traffic type refers to one or more of 

the following: best effort network traffic, real-time traffic 

(e.g., live Voice Such as VoIP, live video, etc.), streaming 

traffic, multi-cast traffic, uni-cast traffic, point to point traffic, 

file types, traffic associated with an application, real time 

traffic, traffic with an assigned priority, traffic without an 

assigned priority, and traffic for a certain network. 

In some embodiments, service usage activity refers to a 

usage of service by a device. In some embodiments, service 

usage activity can be one or more of connection to an access 

network, connection to certain destinations, URLs or 

addresses on a network, connection to the network by one or 

more applications, transmission of certain types of traffic, a 

type of transaction based service, a type of advertising based 

services, or a combination of one or more of the following: an 

application type, a network destination/address/URL, a traf 

fic type, and a transaction type. 

In some embodiments, protection of the device assisted 

service agents/functional elements to protect the functions 

that perform the device assisted functions is provided with a 

protected execution partition on the CPU (Central Processor 

Unit), APU (Auxiliary Processor Unit), or another hardware 

based processor. For example, Such hardware protected 

execution capabilities in the CPU, APU, or other processor can be combined in some embodiments with either OS soft 

ware functions or other native mode software functions to 

create secure program execution partitions as described 

herein. In some embodiments, the term host is used to refer to 

the hardware and firmware and/or software system that 

executes the device applications and networking stack. In 

Some embodiments, some of the device assisted service 

agents/functions are implemented in a modem execution par 

tition environment. 

FIG. 1 illustrates a secure execution environment 100 (e.g., 

for a communications device) for device assisted services in 

accordance with some embodiments. As shown in FIG.1, the 

device execution environments include program/functional 

elements for a communications (e.g., a communications 

device can be an intermediate networking device, such as 

3G/4G WWAN to WLAN bridges/routers/gateways, femto 

cells, DOCSIS modems, DSL modems, remote access/ 

backup routers, and other intermediate network devices, or a 

mobile communications device. Such as a mobile phone, a 

PDA, an eBook reader, a music device, an entertainment/ 

gaming device, a computer, laptop, a netbook, a tablet, a 

home networking system, and/or any other mobile commu 

nications device) device that utilizes the modem Subsystems 

#1 (125) through iN (127) to connect to one or more of the 

access networks #1 (136) through iN (138). In some embodi 

ments, a communications device includes multiple program 

execution partitions. As shown in FIG. 1, four execution 

partitions are provided: an application execution partition 102 

in which, for example, application programs execute, a kernel 

execution partition 112 in which, for example, the lower level 

drivers and basic low level OS programs execute, a protected 

device assisted service (DAS) execution partition 114 (also 

referred to as protected DAS partition) in which, in some 

embodiments, some or all of the device assisted service 

agents and/or functions execute, and a modem execution par tition 124 in which, for example, the modem program ele 

ments execute and, in Some embodiments, some or all of the 

device assisted service agents and/or functions execute. In 

Some embodiments, each of these execution partitions are 

optimized for different software functions, each providing 

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programs with the basic physical memory, data memory, 

CPU or APU or modem processor execution resources, high level and/or low level OS, memory management, file storage, 

I/O device resources (e.g., user interface (UI), peripherals, 

etc.), network communications Stack, other device resources, 

and/or other resources that are required or used for operation 

of the programs. The collection of these hardware and soft ware resources for the CPU or APU is sometimes referred to 

herein with the term host. 

As shown, FIG. 1 illustrates an application execution par 

tition 102 and a kernel execution partition 112, which are 

shown as separate partitions within the device execution envi 

ronments. For example, this separation is based on the man 

ner in which "kernel programs (e.g., drivers and network 

stack, etc.) are commonly supported as compared to “appli 

cation programs” (e.g., browsers, word processors, user inter 

faces, etc.) within the context of several different popular operating systems (OS) (e.g., Windows, UNIX, Linux, MAC 

OS, certain mobile device OSs, certain embedded device 

OSs, etc.). In some embodiments, this functional separation is 

not required, and, in some embodiments, other functional 

separations are Supported. 

As shown in FIG. 1, protected device assisted service 

agents, such as the protected DAS partition device assisted 

service agents 110, execute in the protected DAS partition 

114 while unprotected device assisted service agents and/or 

OS networking stack elements and applications (e.g., appli 

cations 106A through 106C) execute outside of the secure 

device assisted service execution partition 114. Such as the 

application partition device assisted service agents 104 and 

the OS networking stack and/or kernel partition device 

assisted service agents 108. For example, the protected DAS 

partition 114 can make it more difficult for a hacker, malware 

or system errors to compromise, attack or modify the device 

assisted service measurements, service policy implementa tion or service usage control operations on the device (e.g., 

communications device). In some embodiments, the pro tected DAS partition 114 need not support open access to all 

programs and OS elements so that it can be easier to protect. 

Also, as shown, a bus driver 116 in the application execution 

partition 102 provides for communication with a modem bus 

120, which is in communication with a bus driver 121 in the 

modem execution partition 124. The protected DAS partition 

also includes a host service control link 118, which facilitates 

communication with a host secure channel 150 as shown. 

In some embodiments, the protected DAS partition 114 is 

a protected execution partition on the main device that is 

Supported by certain configurations in the host (e.g., a secure 

virtual execution environment or a separate hardware security function). For example, this protected execution partition can 

be used to provide added service measurement integrity and/ 

or service control integrity for a device assisted service 

enabled device. In some embodiments, as described herein, the operating system (OS) also performs a role in establishing 

the protected execution partition for secure operation of 

device assisted services, and, in some embodiments, this role 

is performed by native Software or firmware operating on secure hardware elements. 

In some embodiments, the DAS agents responsible for 

maintaining service control integrity execute in the protected 

DAS partition 114. For example, the protected DAS partition 

device assisted service agents 110 can include one or more of 

the following: one or more service usage measurement func 

tions; some or all of the device networking stack functions 

that are monitored and/or controlled by the device assisted 

services system; device drivers that interface to an OS net 

working stack to observe or manipulate stack traffic; access 

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control integrity functions; service policy control functions; 

service UI functions; application identification functions, 

and/or functions to classify service usage activities by com 

binations of application, address/URL and/or traffic type: 

modem bus driver functions; and/or modem data encryption functions to prevent other unauthorized programs from 

bypassing the device assisted service measurements and/or 

controls by directly accessing the modem around the stack. In 

Some embodiments, the system designer or a given set of 

design criteria determine which of the various described 

device assisted agent functions should be executed in pro tected DAS partition 114 to strengthen the service control 

integrity for the system. 

In some embodiments, the device operating system pro 

vides for the protected DAS partition 114 in addition to con 

ventional security features available in the operating system. 

In some embodiments, the protected DAS partition 114 pro 

vides an execution partition with increased program execu 

tion protection in which, for example, service measurement 

and/or service control programs (agents) can execute in a 

mode that provides for higher access control integrity (e.g., 

proper service usage reporting and/or service measurement 

and/or service control system operation with increased pro 

tection from attacks, errors, malware, etc.). In some embodi 

ments, a hardware assisted secure execution partition pro vides for increased program execution protection for device 

assisted service agent functions. 

In some embodiments, a service control link (e.g., host 

service control link 118 via host secure channel 150 to net 

work service control link 152) is used for communication 

between the device assisted service agents and a service con 

troller 122. In some embodiments, the service control link is 

a secure link (e.g., an encrypted communications link). In 

Some embodiments, an encrypted secure control link can be 

implemented over the higher layers of the network Stack (e.g., 

TCP, HTTP, TLS, etc.), and, in some embodiments, the 

encrypted link can be implemented over lower layers in the 

network stack, such as the IP layer or the access network 

layers (e.g., the WWAN device management channels or sig 

naling layers). In some embodiments, service control link 

security is provided at least in part by encrypting link traffic 

between the device and the service controller 122. In some 

embodiments, service control link security is provided at least 

in part by running the service control link device side program 

agents in the protected DAS partition 114. In some embodi 

ments, service control link security is achieved at least in part 

by restricting access to the service control link to certain 

device assisted service agents that are allowed to communi 

cate with the service controller 122. In some embodiments, 

the agents that are allowed to communicate with the service 

control link perform such communications using encrypted 

communications. In some embodiments, the encrypted com 

munications is accomplished with a secure inter-agent com 

munication bus on the device. In some embodiments, the only mechanism for modifying the configuration of the operation, 

execution code, execution instructions and/or settings of cer 

tain device assisted service processor agents executing in the 

protected DAS partition 114 is through the service control 

link. In some embodiments, the only mechanism for modify ing any program elements executing inside the protected DAS 

partition 114 is through the service control link so that only 

the service controller 122 may modify the operation or ser 

Vice policy settings for the agents located in the service mea 

Surement and/or service control execution partition. 

As shown in FIG. 1, various server functions within the 

service controller 122 are provided. In some embodiments, a 

service history server 158 collects service usage measures 

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from one or more of the device DAS agents and/or from 

various sources of potential network based service usage 

databases, such as the access network service usage 142 (e.g., carrier charging data record (CDR) systems), private network 

service usage 144 (e.g., MVNO or enterprise network service 

usage accounting system), and/or billing, mediation service 

usage log, reconciliation 148 (e.g., service providerbilling or 

mediation system). In some embodiments, an access control 

integrity server 156 is used to compare various access control 

verification checks to ensure that the device assisted service 

agents have not been compromised. The various embodi 

ments used in the access control integrity server 156 to per 

form these integrity checks are described with respect to 

various embodiments. Some embodiments include compar 

ing device based service usage measures versus the service 

usage that should result if the desired service policy were 

properly implemented, comparing device based service 

usage measures versus the service usage that should result if 

the desired service policy were properly implemented with 

device based service usage measures that are executing in the 

protected DAS partition 114 and/or the modem execution 

partition 124, comparing network based service usage mea 

sures versus the service usage that should result if the desired 

service policy were properly implemented, and comparing 

network based service usage measures with device based 

service usage measures. In some embodiments, a policy con 

trol server 154 stores policy settings for the various service 

plans that can be implemented on the device, and communi 

cates the appropriate policy settings to the appropriate device 

DAS agents. 

In some embodiments, the service controller 122 has 

secure access to service measures, service control settings, Software images, software security state(s), and/or other set 

tings/functions, for example, by virtue of the hardware 

enhanced execution partition and the secure channel into the 

protected DAS partition 114. For example, the host secure 

channel 150 can be encrypted employing keys that are public/ private or point to point private. Also, other link security, for 

example, can be implemented as described herein. For 

example, servers can ensure that the link remains authenti 

cated and information is validated. For example, the service 

controller can perform one or more of the following verifica 

tion techniques: compare the monitored service usage versus 

the policy, compare the monitored service usage versus other 

service usage measures and/or combined with various other 

network service usage measures. 

In some embodiments, the protected DAS partition 114 

includes a host service control link 118 as shown in FIG. 1 

that works in combination, that is, in communication with a 

network service control link 152 to send and receive secure 

messages between the service controller and the host via a 

host secure channel 150. In some embodiments, the protected 

DAS partition 114 only accepts new program images from the 

service controller 122 and not from local programs or disks. 

In some embodiments, the protected DAS partition 114 can 

not communicate with other applications and/or kernel pro 

grams. In some embodiments, the protected DAS partition 

114 can also communicate with other applications and/or 

kernel programs but only to gather information or to set 

settings. In some embodiments, the protected DAS partition 

114 can also communicate with other applications and/or 

kernel programs but only through a restricted encrypted com 

munication bus that restricts outside program access to pro 

tected programs or agent functions, and can also restrict the 

agents inside of the protected partition from accepting unau 

thorized information or code modifications from programs outside the protected partition. Various other security tech 

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niques can be provided for the DAS execution environments 

as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the artin view of 

the embodiments described herein. 

In some embodiments, the protected DAS partition 114 is 

created by employing CPU or APU hardware security fea 

tures in addition to or in alternative to other software security features (e.g., virtual execution partitions) that can be pro 

vided by the operating system and/or other Software. In some 

embodiments, the host hardware security features are pro vided with the operating system secure kernel operating 

modes. In some embodiments, the host hardware security 

features used for secure device assisted service execution 

partition operation are independent of the operating system 

kernel (e.g., implemented in secure program partitions in a 

separate secure program area not directly controlled by the 

OS and/or software that does not have access to the parti 

tions). 

In some embodiments, the hardware security features that 

support the protected DAS partition 114 include preventing 

other elements on the device from writing and/or reading 

certain memory areas reserved for device assisted service 

agents and/or control link functions. In some embodiments, this memory protection function is accomplished by locating 

the memory in a secure hardware partition that cannot be 

accessed by unauthorized device program elements (e.g., a 

separate bank of isolated memory space within the host 

CPU). In some embodiments, this memory protection func 

tion includes encrypting traffic to and from memory so that 

only authorized device program elements posses the counter 

part encryption capability to access the memory. In some 

embodiments, the mechanism to access device assisted Ser 

vice agent memory and/or certain data elements is restricted 

to authorized device assisted Service agents and/or the service 

controller via the service control link so that unauthorized 

program elements on the device cannot alter the device 

assisted service agent code and/or operation. 

In some embodiments, the hardware security features that 

support the protected DAS partition 114 includes preventing 

unauthorized elements on the device from accessing the pro tected Storage and/or file storage (e.g., “protected storage.” 

Such as disk storage, non-volatile memory, embedded non 

volatile memory, such as NVRAM, flash or NVROM, 

securely embedded non-volatile memory, and/or other types 

of storage) that is used to store the device assisted service 

agent programs. In some embodiments, this protected Storage 

is maintained within the secure hardware partitions that also 

execute one or more of the device assisted service agents so 

that only authorized device assisted service agents have 

access to the storage locations. In some embodiments, the 

images that are stored in Such protected file storage must be 

properly encrypted and signed for a boot loader to authorize 

loading the device assisted service agent programs into 

execution memory, and in some embodiments, if the images 

are not properly signed then an access control integrity error 

is generated and/or the program is not loaded. In some 

embodiments. Such properly signed DAS images can only be 

obtained from the service controller. In some embodiments, 

such DAS images can only be loaded into protected file 

storage by the service controller. In some embodiments, the 

hardware security features that prevent unauthorized ele 

ments on the device from accessing the protected file storage 

include encrypting all traffic to and from the secure storage so 

that only authorized device program elements possess the 

counterpart encryption capability to access the storage. In 

Some embodiments, access or access rights to re-program a 

device assisted service agent program Store is restricted to the 

service controller via the service control link so that unautho 

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rized program elements on the device are not authorized to 

alter the device assisted service agent code and/or operation. 

In some embodiments, the hardware security features that 

protect device assisted service agent storage include a pro 

tected DAS partition in which an access control integrity 

agent function is isolated from other device program ele 

ments, and a secure service control link is also isolated in a 

similar manner, and the access control integrity agent scans 

the execution memory, data memory and/or file storage used 

by one or more device assisted services agents to measure 

and/or control services. In some embodiments, the purpose of 

the scan is to detect changes to the device assisted service 

agent code and/or data. In some embodiments, the purpose of 

the scan is to detect other unauthorized program elements or 

data that may be present in reserved or protected areas used 

for device assisted service agent execution. In some embodi 

ments, reports of Such scan audits are reported over the Ser 

vice control link to the service controller for further process ing by use of cloud based resources to identify access control 

integrity violations. In some embodiments, the access control 

integrity agent functions include one or more of hashing other 

device assisted security agents, querying other device 

assisted security agents, observing the operation of other 

device assisted security agents or monitoring service mea 

Sures and then either evaluating the results locally on the 

device to determine if they are within pre-defined allowable 

parameters or sending at least Some of the results to the 

service controller for further analysis via the service control 

link. In some embodiments, the scan audits are compared with earlier versions of the scans to compare code configura 

tion or operational characteristics. In some embodiments, the 

scan audits are compared against known databases for the 

code or operational characteristics that should be present in 

the DAS agents. 

In some embodiments, an access control integrity agent, or 

a new version of the access control integrity agent can be 

downloaded by the service controller over the secure service 

control link. For example, this technique provides for a real 

time assessment of device service control security state as 

described above in the event that corruption or compromise of 

the secure device assisted service agent(s) has occurred. In 

Some embodiments, the access control integrity agent that is 

downloaded can have a different configuration and/or opera 

tion than any agent previously loaded onto the device so that 

it is difficult or impossible for a hacker or malware to spoof 

the operation of the agent in a short period of time. For 

example, by requiring the agent to report security assess 

ments back to the server in a period of time that is typically less than what is required to spoof the agent, the agent will 

either report back an accurate assessment of device status or 

will be blocked by a hacker or malware, and both of these 

conditions can provide the information required to take action 

if the device assisted services system has been corrupted or 

compromised. 

In some embodiments, the protected DAS partition and/or 

the modem execution partition can be used to securely store some or all of the device credentials that are used for one or 

more of device group association, activation, authorization to 

the access network and/or the DAS network, service level, 

and service usage accounting and/or billing. 

In some embodiments, the modem Subsystem also includes 

DAS elements that strengthen the access control integrity of 

the DAS system. As shown in FIG. 1, one or more modems 

can include, in some embodiments, DAS agent functions 

labeled modem partition DAS agents 126. The modem execu 

tion partition 124 of the modem sub system #1 (125) of the 

modem execution partition 124 includes modem partition 

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DAS agents 126 in communication (e.g., secure communica 

tion, Such as using encrypted communications) with a modem 

128 and a modem service control link 130, which is in com 

munication with the network service control link 152 via the 

modem secure channel #1 (132), as shown. Also, the modem 

128 is in communication (e.g., secure communication, Such 

as using encrypted communications) with the access network 

#1 (136), which is in communication with the access network 

service usage 142 and the Internet 140, which is in commu 

nication with a private network 146, which is in communica 

tion with the private network service usage 144, as shown. 

Example embodiments for DAS agent functions that 

execute in the modem execution partition include modem 

encryption and modem service usage measures. In other 

embodiments, the modem execution partition can also 

include higher levelDAS agent functions, such as stack traffic 

classification, stack manipulation, access control, and/or traf 

fic control. For example, the modem execution partition can 

also include a full service processor that is fully capable of 

managing all aspects of service usage measurement and/or 

service control. It will now be apparent to one of ordinary skill 

in the art that the modem execution partition can employ a 

number of the service security embodiments described in the 

context of the protected DAS partition, for example, to 

enhance the service integrity of the DAS system. For 

example, the DAS agents on the modem can be stored in an 

encrypted and signed format on non-volatile (NV) memory 

on the modem that is only accessible by the network service 

control link or by a local secure control link from the pro tected DAS partition to the modem execution partition. As 

shown in FIG. 1, a separate secure modem control channel 

(e.g., modem secure channel #1 (132) through modem secure 

channel iN (134)) that is distinct from the host secure control 

channel 150 is provided. This separate modem control chan 

nel can either be implemented over the higher network layers 

of the device or over the lower access network layer so that 

special access to access network resources is required to even 

connect to the modem DAS agents 126 thereby further 

enhancing service control related security. 

In some embodiments, the protected DAS partition pro vides for performing the DAS agent functions required for 

parental controls, enterprise WWAN management controls or 

roaming controls, and/or usage reporting in the protected 

execution space. In view of the DAS embodiments described 

herein, it will now be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the 

art how to implement such protected controls for these vari 

ous and other application scenarios. 

In some embodiments, a protected DAS partition provides 

for performing a virtual machine (VM) on top of a secure 

machine. The device application OS that is accessible by 

Software that can be installed without special permissions can 

be isolated from the secure hardware and/or OS that is run 

ning under the VM. Using these techniques, malware can be 

“cocooned in on the VM OS rather than “walled out as 

discussed with respect to various embodiments described 

herein. 

In some embodiments, communication between program/ functional elements outside of the protected DAS partition to 

DAS agents inside the protected DAS partition is controlled 

by a secure encrypted channel. In some embodiments, only programs/functions that have access to communicate with 

DAS agents are allowed to do so, and, in Some embodiments, 

even these outside programs are not allowed to modify the 

DAS agent configuration, only to report information and/or 

receive information. 

For example, various embodiments can be used to connect 

to multiple access networks through multiple modems, with 

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each modem potentially being associated with a different set 

of DAS service policies corresponding to the different types 

of access networks Supported. In some embodiments, such as 

for 3G/4G modems, WWAN/WLAN modems, and various 

other multiple modem embodiments, the multiple modems 

can also be provided on the same multi-mode modem Sub 

system rather than on different modem Subsystems. 

In some embodiments, the various techniques and embodi 

ments described herein can be readily applied to intermediate 

networking devices as will now be apparent to one of ordinary 

skill in the art. For example, an intermediate networking 

device can includes some or all of the DAS agents for man 

aging, controlling, and/or measuring service usage for one or more devices in communication with a wireless network via 

the intermediate networking device, in which the DAS agents can be executed in secure execution environments or secure 

execution partitions using the various techniques described 

herein. In some embodiments, intermediate networking devices include, for example, WWAN/WLAN bridges, rout 

ers and gateways, cell phones with WWAN/WLAN or 

WWAN/Bluetooth, WWAN/LAN or WWAN/WPAN capa 

bilities, femto cells, back up cards for wired access routers, and other forms/types of intermediate networking devices. 

FIG. 2 illustrates another secure execution environment 

200 for device assisted services in accordance with some 

embodiments. In particular, FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment 

in which DAS agents do not actually replace the OS network 

stack elements, but instead one or more DAS agents include 

device driver programs that interface into the network Stack 

and pass (e.g., securely communicate) traffic information or 

actual traffic back and forth with the stack. These device 

driver interface constructs are labeled OS driver framework 

and interface 208 as shown in FIG. 2. Example OS system 

constructs that provide for this type of architecture for DAS 

agents include Windows NDIS and/or TDI drivers, Windows 

Filter Platform (WFP), Berkeley Packet Filter, ipfw (e.g., a 

BSD packet filter that can be used for various OSs, such as 

Unix, Linux, MAC OS), and/or other platforms/programs 

performing these or similar functions. While these OS stack 

options are not secure in themselves, if the drivers that inter 

face with them are secured as illustrated in FIG. 2 by execut 

ing the drivers in the protected DAS partition 214, then higher 

overall access control integrity/security levels can be 

achieved. 

As shown in FIG. 2, the service measurement and/or policy control drivers 210 executed in the protected DAS partition 

214 represent the DAS drivers that interface to the OS stack 

device driver interface constructs labeled OS driver frame 

work and interface 208 executed in the kernel execution par 

tition 212, which are in communication with/interface with 

OS Stack API(s) 207. As also shown, applications, such as 

applications 106A through 106C execute in the application 

execution partition 202. In some embodiments, service 

access control integrity is further enhanced by placing addi 

tional measurement points outside of the network stack, so 

that, for example, if the network Stack service usage reporting 

is hacked, corrupted, and/or compromised, there is a secure 

additional or back-up Service measure located on the device 

and/or in the network (e.g., modem agent 226 as shown in 

FIG. 2, which provides a service measurement point in the 

modem for measuring service usage by the device, and as 

shown also provides for secure communication with the 

modem agent 226 using modem encryption 225). For 

example, the service measure provided by the modem agent 

226, modem encryption 225, and/or modem bus 120 func 

tions shown in FIG. 2 can be executed in a protected partition 

(e.g., modem execution partition 124 as shown in FIG. 2 can 

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be implemented as a secure or protected partition using the 

various techniques described herein). 

FIG. 3 illustrates another secure execution environment 

300 for device assisted services in accordance with some 

embodiments. As shown, some stack elements are executed in 

the kernel execution partition 312 and some stack elements 

are executed in the protected DAS execution partition 314. In 

some embodiments, the DAS agents 104 executed in the 

application execution partition 302 are directly monitoring 

and/or controlling stack traffic by intercepting it and impos 

ing additional traffic measurement and/or filtering. Examples 

of such techniques are described herein with respect to vari 

ous embodiments. As shown in FIG. 3, the network stack 

elements 308 are the OS stack elements that reside in the 

kernel execution partition 312 and the protected DAS net 

work stack elements 310 are the stack elements that reside in 

protected DAS execution partition 314. For example, as some 

or potentially all of the stack network traffic processing resides in the protected DAS execution partition 314, a high 

level of service control integrity can be maintained using these techniques. For example, the modem bus driver 121 can 

be executed in a secure execution partition, Such as modem 

execution partition 324, which can be implemented as a 

secure execution partition using the various techniques 

described herein, or the modem bus driver 121 can be 

executed in the protected DAS execution partition 314, so that 

unauthorized programs can be blocked from accessing the 

access network through the modem. 

In some embodiments, the entire Stack is executed in the 

protected DAS execution partition 314 with only a stack API 

executing in kernel execution partition 312. Various other 

embodiments involve implementing a minimum (e.g., in 

terms of a number of agents and/or functionality) in the pro 

tected DAS execution partition 314 required to secure a ser 

Vice measure that can be used to confirm the integrity of the 

service policy implementation (e.g., as described with respect 

to various other embodiments disclosed herein). As will now 

be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, various combi 

nations of stack processing functions can be implemented in 

a secure host execution partition to strengthen the service 

measurement and/or service control integrity of the DAS 

system using the techniques and/or similar techniques to the 

various techniques described herein. 

In some embodiments, the stack elements implemented in 

the protected DAS execution partition can include stack API, 

sockets layer, TCP, UDP, service measurements at one or 

more points in the stack, IP layer processing. VPN/IPSEC, 

PPP access control, traffic classification, traffic queuing, traf 

fic routing, traffic QOS, traffic demand reporting to QOS 

allocation servers, traffic statistics reporting to the QOS serv 

ers, traffic QOS reservation requests including by traffic type 

or app type or service priority to the servers, traffic throttling, 

traffic statistics gathering, traffic QOS priority identification, 

modem drivers, modem data encryption, and/or other stack 

element functionality or features. 

In Some embodiments, the above discussed service control 

mechanisms are controlled by policy commands received over the service control link from the servers or other autho 

rized network elements. In some embodiments, the device 

also reports usage measures to servers or other authorized 

network elements. In some embodiments, the device also 

reports QOS demand to the servers or other authorized net 

work elements and/or accepts QOS instructions from the servers or other authorized network elements. In some 

embodiments, the device reports traffic statistics, projected traffic demand, application usage, projected QOS demand 

can all be reported to the servers or other authorized network 

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elements for the purpose of provisioning the right amount of 

data bandwidth and traffic priority to the device, and the 

servers or other authorized network elements aggregate Such 

reports from many different devices to project needed alloca 

tions across the entire network and make global bearer chan 

nel level or base station level decisions bearer channel allo 

cation and bearer channel QOS allocation decisions, which 

can also be tied into a bearer channel provisioning, or bearer 

channel QOS provisioning apparatus or other authorized net 

work elements located in the access network. 

For example, as will now be apparent to one of ordinary 

skill in the art in view of the various embodiments described 

herein, additional Security measures, can be added in some 

embodiments to augment the secure service partitioning, 

including, for example, access control integrity checks. For 

example, in addition to the service control policy instructions 

that can be received from the servers or other authorized 

network elements, an intermediate policy control agent can 

be present to make additional higher level decisions on how 

instantaneous policy should be implemented. 

As shown in FIG. 3, the modem control link, shown as 

modem local channel 330, provides a link from local connec 

tion to the host service control link 118, which in turn con 

nects through the host secure channel 150 to the service 

controller 152. This communication channel can also be 

implemented or configured to provide for encrypted commu 

nication and, in some embodiments, can be used as an alter 

native to the direct connection from the modem service con 

trol link to the network service control link as disclosed with 

respect to other figures and various embodiments as described 

herein. 

As shown in FIG. 3, the final stack elements that feed or 

communicate with the modem bus driver 121 are the pro 

tected DAS network stack elements 310 located in the pro 

tected DAS execution partition 314 (illustrated as a solid line 

in FIG.3), or, in some embodiments, can be the network stack 

elements 308 located in the kernel execution partition 312 

(illustrated as a dashed line in FIG.3). In some embodiments, 

these final stack elements feed or communicate with the 

modem subsystem 125. In some embodiments, the modem 

subsystem 125 includes an encrypted link so that the stack 

elements 310 in the protected DAS execution partition 314 can communicate with the modem 128 but other software 

programs or hardware elements cannot, for example, thereby 

preventing the service measures and/or controls from being inappropriately bypassed or otherwise comprised. For 

example and as similarly discussed above, the modem Sub 

system 125, for example, can include its own the protected 

execution partition using various techniques described 

herein. The modem protected execution partition, for 

example, can also include a service measure (e.g., modem 

agent 226 can provide Such a service measurement point in 

the modem subsystem 125, as similarly described above with 

respect to FIG. 2) to increase service control integrity verifi 

cation as depicted by service measure. The modem service 

measure can be included in protected execution partition that 

can only be accessed by the service controller 122 by way of 

the modem local channel 330, or the modem service measure 

can only be accessed by another DAS agent 310 in protected 

execution partition 314. In some embodiments, the modem 

local channel 330 is implemented as a secure channel (e.g., an 

encrypted communication channel between the modem Ser 

vice control link 130 and the host service control link 118). As 

described herein, the modem driver can reside in protected 

service execution environment, or the modem traffic can be 

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encrypted within service execution environment. For 

example, the encryption settings can be controlled by various secure control servers. 

FIG. 4 illustrates another secure execution environment 

400 for device assisted services in accordance with some 

embodiments. In particular, FIG. 4 illustrates a direct stack 

manipulation option performed by the DAS agents executed 

in the protected DAS execution partition 414, including, as 

shown, an app(lication) identify agent 420, an access control 

integrity agent 422, a policy control agent 424, a policy 

implementation agent 426, a service measure/service moni 

toring agent 428, a modem encryption agent 430, and a bus 

driver 432. For example, the policy implementation agent 426 

performs access control and/or traffic shaping according a set 

of service control policies. The service control policies, for 

example, can be set by the service controller 122 or by the 

service controller 122 in coordination with the policy control 

agent 422. As shown the app identify agent 420 is in commu 

nication with the various applications 106A through 106C 

executed in the application execution partition 402. As also 

shown, the various applications 106A through 106C executed 

in the application execution partition 402 are in communica 

tion with the OS stack and/or stack API(s) 408 executed in the 

kernel execution partition 412. 

In some embodiments, the protected service measure agent 

428, the modem encryption agent 430, the modem driver 

agent 432, the application identifier agent 420, the access 

control integrity agent 422, and the policy control agent 424 

are all implemented in protected DAS partition 414, as 

shown. In some embodiments, as will now be apparent to one 

of ordinary skill in the art, a subset of these functions can be 

implemented in a protected execution partition, such as the 

protected DAS partition, in various circumstances. 

FIG. 4 also similarly shows various embodiments that are 

available for network based service usage measures and inter 

facing to the mediation and billing systems, and it should be 

understood that any or all of the embodiments and figures can 

be employed in the context of carrier networks, MVNOs, private networks, or open networks Supporting enterprise IT 

manger controls, parental controls, multi-network controls, 

and/or roaming controls. 

FIG. 5 illustrates another secure execution environment 

500 for device assisted services in accordance with some 

embodiments. In particular, FIG. 5 is similar to that FIG. 4 

except that FIG. 5 illustrates a modem service control link 

132 that is connected directly to the service controller 122 via 

the network service control link 152 (e.g., via a modem secure 

channel). In some embodiments, a modem control link for 

DAS is established locally on the device or through an 

entirely different control channel, which, in some embodi 

ments, provides enhanced security as discussed herein (e.g., it 

is very difficult to hack a service usage measure or service 

control that cannot be accessed on the device). 

FIG. 6 illustrates another secure execution environment 

600 for device assisted services in accordance with some 

embodiments. In particular, FIG. 6 illustrates a policy imple 

mentation agent 616 that includes the entire networking stack 

running in protected execution partition 614 and an OS stack 

API 608 that includes an application identifying function 620 

in the kernel execution partition 612. 

FIG. 7 illustrates another secure execution environment 

700 for device assisted services in accordance with some 

embodiments. In particular, FIG. 7 illustrates DAS agents that 

do not replace the OS network stack elements, but instead one 

or more DAS agents are comprised of device driver programs 

that interface into the network Stack and pass traffic informa 

tion or actual traffic back and forth with the stack. These 

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device driver interface constructs are labeled OS driver 

framework and interface 722 in FIG. 7 as similarly shown in 

and described with respect to FIG.2, along with OS stack API 

708, which includes application identifier function 720 as 

similarly discussed above with respect to FIG. 6, and are 

executed in kernel execution partition 712. Also, as shown, application partition DAS agents 104 are executed in appli 

cation execution partition 702. The main difference between 

the embodiment in FIG. 7 and that shown in and described 

with respect to FIG. 2 is that the service measure agent 428, 

modem encryption agent 430, and modem driver agent 432 

are executed in the protected DAS partition 714, as shown in 

FIG. 7. For example, this provides for enhanced service con 

trol security as described herein with respect to various 

embodiments. 

FIG. 8 illustrates another secure execution environment 

800 for device assisted services in accordance with some 

embodiments. In particular, FIG. 8 illustrates a more simpli 

fied embodiment that is similar to that of FIG. 7. In FIG. 8, 

only an access control integrity agent 422 and a service mea 

sure 428 are executed in protected DAS partition 814, and the 

bus driver 432 and the service measurement and/or policy 

control drivers 210 are executed in the kernel execution par tition 712. This embodiment illustrates that provided that at 

least one protected service measure is provided on the device, 

then the DAS service control integrity can be very high. For 

example, if it is not possible to access the program code or 

control traffic for the service measure agent 428, and the host 

service control link 118 except through the encrypted control 

channel from the service controller 122, then this simplified configuration can be almost as secure as that possible with 

network based service measures. It will now be apparent to 

one of ordinary skill in the art that this technique similarly 

applies to a service measure and control link similarly imple 

mented in a protected modem execution partition 324. In 

Some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 422 

provides additional security, for example, in the event that the 

protected DAS partition 814 is breached or compromised. 

FIG. 9 illustrates another secure execution environment 

900 for device assisted services in accordance with some 

embodiments. In particular, FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment 

similar to that of FIG. 8 except that, in particular, in addition 

to the service measure being executed in protected DAS par tition 914, the modem encryption agent 430 is also imple 

mented in/executed in the protected DAS partition 914. For 

example, this prevents unauthorized software from defeating 

the service measurements and/or service controls by going 

around the network stack directly to the modem. 

FIG. 10 illustrates another secure execution environment 

1000 for device assisted services in accordance with some 

embodiments. In particular, FIG. 10 illustrates an embodi 

ment similar to that of FIG. 9 except that, in particular, there 

are additional app partition DAS agents 104 executing in the 

application execution partition 702. For example, this illus 

trates that some DAS agents can be implemented in applica tion space (e.g., UI agent, policy control agent, and various 

other DAS agents as described herein) while still maintaining 

a high level of service measurement and/or control security as 

long as there are a few key measures and/or controls imple 

mented in protected execution partitions using the various 

techniques described herein. 

FIG. 11 illustrates another secure execution environment 

1100 for device assisted services in accordance with some 

embodiments. In particular, FIG. 11 illustrates how the server 

cloud can be assisted by the on board access control integrity 

agent to detect tampering with other service measurement(s) 

and/or control agent(s), or to protect the service measurement 

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and/or control system from being attacked by malware and/or 

otherwise comprised. As shown, the access control integrity 

agent 422 executes inside the protected DAS partition 1114 

and is in communication with file storage 1130 (e.g., for 

persistently maintaining device status and/or other settings or 

status or monitoring information). The access control integ rity agent 422 performs the various access control integrity 

check functions as, for example, described herein with 

respect to various embodiments, and, in Some embodiments, 

in coordination with the servers over the secure control chan 

nel (e.g., host secure channel 150). In some embodiments, the 

access control integrity agent 422 can send the service con 

troller 122 information about the other service measurements 

and/or control agents so that the service controller 122 can 

determine if the agents are working properly or have been 

tampered with or otherwise compromised. For example, Such 

information can include sections of code, hashes, code seg 

ments, code variations from a previous image, code variations 

from a historical image, responses to queries, checksums, 

observations of operating behavior or patterns, service usage, policy implementation behavior, and/or other information 

that may be indicative of tampering, corruption, and/or a 

compromise of any of the device agents/measures. In some 

embodiments, the access control integrity agent 422 checks 

the operating environment for signs of malware signatures, or 

sends application and/or driver information or other informa 

tion about the operating environments to the servers for fur 

ther processing to detect malware. In some embodiments, the 

access control integrity agent 422 performs basic operations 

on protected DAS partition memory, kernel execution parti tion memory areas, application execution partition memory 

areas, on disk storage areas or on other file storage areas to 

detect known malwarehashes or signatures, etc., or the access 

control integrity agent 422 can send the hashes to the servers 

for comparison against malware databases (e.g., to compare 

against signatures for known malware or for further behav 

ioral based or other security/malware detection techniques). 

In some embodiments, the DAS system is implemented in 

a manner that is robust to losses in service control link (e.g., 

coverage outages on a WWAN link or loss of connection on a 

wired link). In some embodiments, the DAS system to be 

implemented in a manner that is robust to one or more server 

elements in the service controller going offline or failing for 

any reason. The following embodiments facilitate these tech 

niques, as described below. 

In some embodiments, it is advantageous for one or more 

of the device assisted service agents to maintain a record of 

the service usage reports and/or other reporting that is pro 

vided to the service controller regarding device service con 

trol state (e.g., present service plan settings, current service 

usage policy settings, current userpreference settings, current 

DAS settings, current encrypted control channel and/or local 

encrypted communication channel key information, current 

DAS agent status reports, current DAS agent security state 

reports, current ambient service usage and/or transaction 

records, current service control integrity threat reports, user 

status information, device status information, application sta 

tus information, device location, device QOS state, and/or 

other state and/or settings information). In addition to Such 

information that exists on the device and is reported to the 

service controller, additional service information can be 

derived and recorded in the service controller, such as infor 

mation received from outside the device and/or analysis of the 

device reported information (e.g., network based service 

usage measures, analysis of device service usage, comparison 

of device reports with other information, analysis of access 

control integrity agent reports, information received from 

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roaming networks, information input to the service controller 

from parental control terminals, enterprise control terminals, 

virtual service provider control terminals, access network 

authorization information, service integrity violation level. 

and many other types of information used to properly mea 

sure and/or control the device services). For example, the 

information reported from the device and received or derived 

outside the device that is required to adequately define the 

actions needed from the service controller to maintain proper 

DAS system operation is sometimes referred to herein as the 

"device service state.” 

In some embodiments, the service controller functions are 

highly scalable and can be executed on a number of hardware 

and Software platforms (e.g., different virtual machines in a 

server, different servers in a data center, or different servers 

located in different data centers). For example, in such 

embodiments the service controller can be designed so that 

the programs that execute the various service controller 

server functions can derive all of the information necessary to 

properly manage the device at any moment in time by know 

ing past device service state and current service state that 

adequately define the next set of actions the service controller 

needs to implement to properly maintain the DAS system operation. By designing the system in this way, if the server 

that is running the service controller server functions for any given device in question were to go down or become discon 

nected from the device, then another server could later resume 

proper operation of the DAS system by assigning another 

service controller server function to the device and recovering 

or restoring the necessary past device service state and the 

necessary current device service state. 

For example, this can be accomplished in some embodi 

ments as described below. The service controller saves the 

current device service state into a common database (e.g., which can be centralized or distributed) that is available to all 

service controller server functions. The device service state is 

saved each time the device communicates with the service 

controller, or at regular time intervals, or a combination of 

both. The device retains its current and past service state 

reports even after they are reported at least until the service 

controller sends the device a message confirming that the 

service controller has saved a given device service state. Once 

the device receives this save confirmation for a given device 

state report then it is no longer required to retain that particu 

lar device state report once the device has no further use for it. 

In this manner, if a service controller server function goes down then a save confirmation for one or more reported 

device states is not transmitted to the device by the service 

controller, and the device can retain that report. A server load 

balancer detects that a given service controller server function 

has gone down, looks up the devices that were being con 

trolled by that service controller server function, finds that the 

device in question was one of those devices and re-assigns a 

new service controller server function (either in the same data 

center or in another data center) to control the device in 

question. The newly assigned service controller server func 

tion then recovers all past device states that were recorded in 

the service controller database and are required to properly 

manage the DAS system, and then asks the device to transmit 

or re-transmit all device state reports that were not saved in 

the service controller database. Once the device transmits or 

re-transmits the requested information, the newly assigned 

service controller function then has the information it needs 

to properly manage the DAS system, it saves all the reported 

device State information, and then sends save confirmations to 

the device so that the device need no longer retain the older 

service state reports. The newly assigned service controller 

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server function can then resume the DAS system operation with a set of actions that are identical or very similar to the 

actions that would have been taken by the original service 

controller server function if it had not gone down. One of 

ordinary skill in the art will now appreciate that the above 

techniques can also be used to accommodate temporary 

losses in the connection between the device and the service 

controller. For example, such techniques provide for a highly 

scalable and robust approach to implement a distributed ser 

vice controller across multiple data centers for reliable ser 

Vice redundancy. In some embodiments, the past device ser 

vice state information is saved in the protected DAS 

execution partition and/or the modem execution partition, for 

example, so that it is protected from corruption. 

Although the foregoing embodiments have been described 

in Some detail for purposes of clarity of understanding, the 

invention is not limited to the details provided. There are 

many alternative ways of implementing the invention. The 

disclosed embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive. 

What is claimed is: 

1. A method comprising: receiving, over a service control link, a report from a wire 

less end-user device, the report comprising information 

about a device service state; 

determining, based on the report, that a particular service 

policy setting of the wireless end-user device needs to be 

modified, the particular service policy setting being stored in a protected partition of the wireless end-user 

device, the protected partition configured to deter or 

prevent unauthorized modifications to the particular ser 

Vice policy setting, the particular service policy setting being associated with a service profile that provides for 

access by the wireless end-user device to a network data 

Service over a wireless access network, the particular Service policy setting configured to assist in controlling 

one or more communications associated with the wire 

less end-user device over the wireless access network; 

and 

in response to determining that the particular service 

policy setting needs to be modified, sending configura 

tion information to the wireless end-user device over the 

Service control link, the configuration information con 

figured to assist in modifying or allowing modifications 

to the particular service policy setting. 

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the particular service 

policy setting assists in implementing a roaming control, a 

parental control, or an enterprise wireless wide-area network 

(WWAN) management control. 

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless end-user 

device is an intermediate networking device for forwarding 

is 

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traffic between a wireless wide-area network (WWAN) and a 

wireless local-area network (WLAN). 

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless end-user 

device is an intermediate networking device comprising a 

cellular device, the intermediate networking device for for 

warding traffic between the wireless access network and a 

second network. 

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless end-user 

device is an intermediate networking device, and the particu lar service policy setting assists one or more other end-user 

devices in communicating over the wireless access network 

via the intermediate networking device. 

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: obtaining a service usage measure, the service usage mea 

Sure accounting for the one or more communications 

associated with the wireless end-user device over the 

wireless access network; and 

based on the service usage measure, taking an action. 

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the service usage mea 

Sure comprises a measure of a service usage activity. 

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the action is to verify the 

Service usage measure. 

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the action is to quaran tine or suspend the wireless end-user device. 

10. The method of claim 6, further comprising obtaining Secondary information associated with the wireless end-user 

device, and wherein the action is to verify the service usage 

measure using the secondary information. 

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, from the wireless end-user device, an integrity report config 

ured to assist a network element in identifying an access 

control integrity violation. 

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration infor 

mation comprises at least a portion of the service profile. 

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the service control link 

is secured by an encryption protocol. 

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the device service state 

comprises a service profile setting, a service usage policy 

setting, or a device-assisted services (DAS) setting. 

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the device service state 

provides information about a user preference. 

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the device service state 

comprises information associated with an encryption key. 

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the device service state 

comprises an agent report, a service usage record, a transac 

tion record, or an integrity report. 

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the device service state 

comprises user status information, device status information, 

application status information, a device location, or a device 

quality-of-service (QOS) state. ck ck ck ck ck 

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