[J-20-2014] 

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA 

WESTERN DISTRICT 

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, 

Appellant 

v. 

GERALD M. DUNNAVANT, 

Appellee 

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No. 18 WAP 2013 

Appeal from the Order of the Superior 

Court entered February 27, 2013 at No. 

1046 WDA 2012, affirming the Order of 

the Court of Common Pleas of Mercer 

County entered June 8, 2012 at No. CP43-CR-0001291-2011. 

ARGUED: April 8, 2014 

OPINION IN SUPPORT OF AFFIRMANCE 

MR. JUSTICE SAYLOR DECIDED: DECEMBER 29, 2014 

We would affirm the Superior Court’s order, as we would find that, under this 

Court’s precedent, Appellee was entitled to suppression of the videotape surreptitiously 

created within his home. 

In our view, the decision by this Court that bears most directly on the present 

case is Commonwealth v. Brion, 539 Pa. 256, 652 A.2d 287 (1994), which granted 

suppression where a confidential informant secretly audiotaped the events inside the 

defendant’s home.1 The Justices favoring reversal interpret Brion as emphasizing the 

impermissibility of intentional police conduct in sending a confidential informant into a 

suspect’s home to record events that transpire inside. See Opinion in Support of 

 

1

 We agree with the Justices favoring reversal that the use of videotape is “obviously 

analogous” to the use of audiotape for present purposes. Opinion in Support of 

Reversal, slip op. at 17. 
[J-20-2014] - 2 

Reversal, slip op. at 31. Although the Brion Court highlighted such conduct, the 

decision’s central holding was predicated on the distinction between the privacy 

inherent in one’s home and the lack of privacy attendant to locations outside the home. 

Indeed, it is on this basis that the Court distinguished prior decisions, explaining: 

Unlike both [Commonwealth v. Blystone, 519 Pa. 450, 549 A.2d 81 

(1988)] and [Commonwealth v. Henlen, 522 Pa. 514, 564 A.2d 905 

(1989)], the instant case involves conversations taking place in the 

sanctity of one’s home. If nowhere else, an individual must feel secure in 

his ability to hold a private conversation within the four walls of his home. 

For the right to privacy to mean anything, it must guarantee privacy to an 

individual in his own home. As then-Justice Roberts stated in 

Commonwealth v. Shaw, 476 Pa. 543, 550, 383 A.2d 496, 499 (1978): 

“Upon closing the door of one’s home to the outside world, a person may 

legitimately expect the highest degree of privacy known to our society.” 

(Citations omitted.) 

Brion, 539 A.2d at 260, 652 A.2d at 289 (footnote omitted). 

The opinion supporting reversal distinguishes the present dispute from Brion on 

the basis that, here, the confidential informant was not sent by the police into the home, 

but instead was unexpectedly invited into the home. It concludes that Appellee 

therefore “did not close the door to the outside world,” because “the [confidential 

informant] and the hidden camera made their way . . . into the home only as a result of 

appellee’s invitation.” Opinion in Support of Reversal, slip op. at 32. The opinion 

supporting reversal indicates that this “makes all the constitutional difference.” Id. at 31. 

We would note, however, that, in Brion, there is no suggestion that the informant 

entered the residence against the will of its occupant. Thus, in that matter it may 

equally be said that the defendant did not close the door to the outside world, and that 

the informant and the recording device made their way into the residence as a result of 

the occupant’s wish to sell drugs to the informant. Hence, a present holding that 

suppression is not required, when read in conjunction with Brion, would signify that the 
[J-20-2014] - 3 

determining factor of constitutional significance is, in effect, whether the officers 

involved in setting up a controlled drug purchase subjectively intend that the transaction 

should occur inside or outside the suspect’s home. 

In our view, such subjective intentions on the part of the authorities are of little 

relevance to the constitutional analysis. Of more relevance is the occupant’s 

expectation of privacy in his home (along with society’s recognition of the 

reasonableness of that expectation), and the fact that the confidential informant 

physically entered the home to secretly videotape the transaction. See Brion, 539 Pa. 

at 262, 652 A.2d at 289; Commonwealth v. Rekasie, 566 Pa. 85, 101, 778 A.2d 624, 

634 (2001) (Castille, J., concurring, joined by Saylor, J.) (agreeing that a police wiretap 

did not violate Article I, Section 8, because “unlike Brion, the recording/seizure of the 

oral statements did not result from the physical entry of a government agent into the 

defendant’s home”). In this regard, we believe that failure to require suppression in the 

present circumstances would establish what is tantamount to a good-faith exception to 

Brion’s holding, whereas this Court has generally found that that, due to the primacy of 

the privacy interests it protects, Article I, Section 8 does not encompass exceptions 

based on the good faith of the police. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Edmunds, 526 Pa. 

374, 586 A.2d 887 (1991). 

Accordingly, we would conclude that, unless and until Brion is overruled, 

individuals in Appellee’s position are entitled to suppression of secretly-made video 

recordings capturing events transpiring within the confines of their home, regardless of 

whether the police originally expected and/or intended that those events would occur 

outside the residence. 

Mr. Justice Baer and Madame Justice Todd join this opinion in support of 

affirmance.