Exhibit O

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EXHIBIT C-1

Invalidity of U.S. Patent No. 9,198,042 in view of Aarnos

U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0288989 (“Aarnos”) was published on December 13, 2007, and has an effective priority date of June 9, 2006 based 

on U.S. Patent Application No. 11/450,932, and therefore constitutes prior art under at least 35 U.S.C. §§ 102(a), (b), and/or (e) as to the Asserted 

Claims of U.S. Pat. No. 9,198,042 (“the ’042 Patent”). Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious the Asserted Claims, either alone or in combination 

with one or more references identified in Defendants’ Cover Pleading. 

To the extent Plaintiff argues that Aarnos does not disclose any element below, a person of ordinary skill in the art would have found it obvious in 

view of Aarnos alone, with the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art, and/or in view of the prior art systems and references disclosed in

§ II of Defendants’ Invalidity Contentions and the exemplary citations and commentary provided for this claim in Exhibits C-1 to C-5 and Appendix 

C-C thereto. A person of ordinary skill in the art would have been motivated to combine and would have a reasonable expectation of success in 

combining these references because the cited references relate to the same technical field as Aarnos (i.e., network policy management). 

The chart below provides representative examples of where each element is found within Aarnos. Citations are meant to be exemplary, not 

exhaustive, and Defendants reserve the right to identify and discuss additional portions of the reference in support of its contentions and/or to rebut 

arguments made by Plaintiff. Citations to figures, drawings, tables, and the like include reference to any accompanying or related text. All internal 

cross references are meant to incorporate the cross-referenced material as if fully set forth therein. 

It is Defendants’ position that Plaintiff’s Disclosure of Asserted Claims and Infringement Contentions have not established that any accused product 

or service infringes any valid claim. Thus, Defendants’ statements below should not be treated as an admission, implication, or suggestion that 

Defendants agree with Plaintiff regarding either the scope, construction, or interpretation of any of the Asserted Claims of the infringement theories 

advanced by Plaintiff in its Preliminary Infringement Contentions, including whether any Asserted Claims satisfies 35 U.S.C. §§ 101 OR 112. In 

certain cases, Defendants specify non-limiting examples of where its application of the prior art is based on Plaintiff’s apparent application of the 

claim element. These statements are not intended to suggest that Defendants agree with Plaintiff’s application of any claim term, suggest a proposed 

construction at this stage of the case, or suggest that construction is needed, as the parties are not required to exchange terms for construction or 

proposed constructions until a later date. 

Plaintiff has yet to identify of the Asserted Claims that it contends is not anticipated and/or rendered obvious by Aarnos. Defendants therefore 

expressly reserve the right to respond to any such contention, including by identifying additional obviousness combinations, if Plaintiff makes any 

such contention.

Where Defendants state that Aarnos “discloses” a limitation, that disclosure may be express, implicit, and/or inherent. 

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U.S. Patent No. US 9,198,042 (the “’042 Patent”)

Claim Language Exemplary Disclosure 

[1p] A method comprising: Aarnos discloses a method. 

See, e.g.: 

1. A method of updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, said method 

comprising: 

Receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy; and

Processing the policy update script using an OSGi policy update resource processor in order to effect 

the modifications to the security policy. 

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the policy update script further comprises a signature 

corresponding with a transmitting party from whom the policy update script is received. 

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising: 

Verifying the signature in order to determine whether the transmitting party is authorized to modify 

the security policy.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising: 

Receiving a new software component associated with the policy update script; and 

Installing the new software component. 

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the modifications to the security policy grant the new software 

component permission to access one or more existing software applications installed on the electronic 

device. 

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the modifications further grant one or more existing software 

components permission to access the new software component.

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12. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the modifications to the security policy grant the new 

software component permission to access one or more existing software applications installed on the 

electronic device, and wherein the modifications further grant one or more existing software 

components permission to access the new software component.

13. An apparatus capable of updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, said 

apparatus comprising:

A processor; and

A memory in communication with the processor, said memory storying an application executable by 

the processor, wherein the application is configured, upon execution, to:

Generate a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy, said 

policy update script capable of being processed by an OSGi policy update resource processor in order 

to effect the modifications; and

Transmit the policy update script.

19. A system for updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, said system 

comprising:

an apparatus configured to generate a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy, said apparatus further configured to transmit the policy update script; and

an electronic device configured to receive the policy update script, said electronic device comprising 

an OSGi policy update resource processor configured to process the policy update script received in 

order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the apparatus is further configured to associate a signature with 

the policy update script, such that transmitting the policy update script comprises transmitting the 

policy update script and the associated signature.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein the electronic device is further configured to verify the signature 

in order to determine whether a party associated with the apparatus is authorized to modify the 

security policy.

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22. The system of claim 19, wherein the apparatus is further configured to combine the policy update 

script with a new software component and to transmit the new software component with the policy 

update script to the electronic device.

23. The system of claim 22, wherein the electronic device is further configured to receive the new 

software component and to install the software component.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein the modifications to the security policy grant the new software 

component permission to access one or more existing software applications installed on the electronic 

device.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein the modifications further grant one or more existing software 

components permission to access the new software component.

26. The system of claim 22, wherein the apparatus is further configured to generate the new software 

component.

27. A computer program product for updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, 

wherein the computer program product comprises at least one computer-readable storage medium 

having computer-readable program code portions stored therein, said computer-readable program code 

portions comprising:

a first executable portion for receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy; and

a second executable portion for processing the policy update script using an OSGi policy update 

resource processor in order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

28. The computer program product of claim 27, wherein the policy update script further comprises a 

signature corresponding with a transmitting party from whom the policy update script is received.

29. The computer program product of claim 28, wherein the computer-readable program code portions 

further comprise:

a third executable portion for verifying the signature in order to determine whether the transmitting 

party is authorized to modify the security policy.

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30. The computer program product of claim 27, wherein the computer-readable program code portions 

further comprise:

a third executable portion for receiving a new software component associated with the policy update 

script; and

a fourth executable portion for installing the new software component.

31. The computer program product of claim 30, wherein the modifications to the security policy grant 

the new software component permission to access one or more existing software applications installed 

on the electronic device.

32. The computer program product of claim 31, wherein the modifications further grant one or more 

existing software components permission to access the new software component.

33. An apparatus for updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, said apparatus 

comprising:

a means for receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to the security 

policy; and

a means for processing the policy update script using an OSGi policy update resource processor in 

order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the policy update script further comprises a signature 

corresponding with a transmitting party from whom the policy update script is received, said 

apparatus further comprising:

a means for verifying the signature in order to determine whether the transmitting party is authorized 

to modify the security policy.

35. The apparatus of claim 33 further comprising:

a means for receiving a new software component associated with the policy update script; and

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a means for installing the new software component, wherein the modifications to the security policy 

grant the new software component permission to access one or more existing software applications 

installed on the electronic device and one or more existing software components permission to access 

the new software component.

[0010] In accordance with one aspect, a method is provided of updating a security policy associated 

with an electronic device. In one exemplary embodiment, the method includes: (1) receiving a policy 

update script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy; and (2) processing the 

policy update script using an OSGi policy update resource processor in order to effect the 

modifications to the security policy. 

[0011] According to another aspect, an electronic device is provided that is capable of updating a 

security policy associated with the electronic device. In one exemplary embodiment the electronic 

device includes an OSGi policy update resource processor that is configured to receive a policy update 

script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy and to process the policy update 

script received in order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

[0012] According to yet another aspect, an apparatus is provided that is capable of updating a security 

policy associated with an electronic device. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a 

processor and a memory in communication with the processor that stores an application executable by 

the processor, wherein the application is configured, upon execution, to: (1) generate a policy update 

script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy, wherein the policy update script is 

capable of being processed by an OSGi policy update resource processor in order to effect the 

modifications; and (2) transmit the policy update script.

[0013] In accordance with another aspect, a system is provided for updating a security policy 

associated with an electronic device. In one exemplary embodiment, the system includes: (1) a 

network entity configured to generate a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy and to transmit the policy update script; and (2) an electronic device configured to 

receive the policy update script, wherein the electronic device comprises an OSGi policy update 

resource processor that is configured to process the policy update script received in order to effect the 

modifications to the security policy.

[0014] In accordance with yet another aspect, a computer program product is provided for updating a 

security policy associated with an electronic device. The computer program product contains at least 

one computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code portions stored 

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therein. The computer-readable program code portions of one exemplary embodiment include: (1) a 

first executable portion for receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy; and (2) a second executable portion for processing the policy update script using 

an OSGi policy update resource processor in order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

[0021] Reference is now made to FIG. 1, which illustrates the steps which may be taken in order to 

update the security policy associated with a particular electronic device (e.g., cellular telephone, PDA, 

PC, laptop, pager, television, or one or more electronic devices operating on a motor vehicle.). As 

shown, in one exemplary embodiment, the process may begin when a party, such as a software 

developer, creates or develops a software component or application to be installed on the electronic 

device. (Step 101). As discussed above, software components are applications operating on an 

electronic device that may provide services to other components on the device and are likewise 

capable of dynamically discovering and using services of those other software components and 

applications. As is discussed in more detail below, Step 101 is optional. In other words exemplary 

embodiments of the present invention are not limited to instances where new software components are 

being developed for deployment on electronic devices.

[0022] Once the software component has been developed, in Step 102, a policy update script is 

generated that describes the modifications that must be made to the electronic device security policy in 

order to enable the new software component to access other services and resources of the electronic 

device, and vice versa (i.e., the modifications grant the appropriate permissions to the various 

components). The policy update script may, for example, be in the form of an Extensible Markup 

Language (XML) file, or the like.

[0023] The developed software component and the corresponding policy update script are then 

combined, in Step 103 into a deployment (or installation) package for deployment on the device. The 

deployer (or party responsible for creating the deployment package and providing it to the electronic 

device, which may or may not be the software developer), in Step 104 signs the package (i.e., 

incorporates a digital signature, such as a private key, with the package). The signature will be used to 

verify whether and to what extent the signer (i.e., the deployer) is authorized to modify the electronic 

device security policy; thus providing increased security to the policy updating process. In one 

exemplary embodiment, different parties may be provided with different levels of authorization. For 

example, where one party may have authorization to make wholesale modifications to the existing 

security policy, other parties may have only restricted access.

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[0024] The deployment or installation package, including the software component, the policy update 

script and the signature, is then provided to the device in Step 105. In one exemplary embodiment, this 

step is performed where the user of the electronic device initiates the download of the software 

component over a network, such as a wide area network (WAN), or the like. Alternatively, the 

software component may be pushed to the electronic device. As one of ordinary skill in the art will 

recognize, the software component may be transmitted via any number of mechanisms, including, for 

example, over Bluetooth, a USB cable, infrared, or even a multimedia card (MMC), without departing 

from the spirit and scope of exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] Regardless of how the deployment package is received by the electronic device (in Step 106), 

upon receipt, installation of the deployment package begins (Step 107). In one exemplary 

embodiment, at the commencement of the installation process, the deployer's signature is verified in 

order to determine, as stated above, whether and to what extent the party transmitting the deployment 

package is in fact authorized to modify the existing security policy of the mobile device (Step 108). 

Assuming the signature is verified and that the deployer is authorized (based on the existing electronic 

device security policy), in Step 109, the policy update script is processed in order to effect the 

modifications to the security policy that are described by or included in the policy update script.

[0026] In particular, according to the OSGi specification, a deployment service exists on the electronic 

device that is configured to process deployment or installation packages received by the electronic 

device. This deployment service comprises one or more plug-ins called resource processors, wherein 

different resource processors are capable of processing different installation packages. In particular, 

resource processors, or software components that may be located on the device itself or within the 

deployment package to be installed, handle the lifecycle of specific resource types by processing the 

resource to create artifacts that are then removed when the resource is dropped. The use of a plug-in 

architecture for the deployment service is beneficial since it enables the use of multiple types of 

resources in the installation package (i.e., for each new type of resource a new resource processor, or 

plug-in, can be added where necessary).

[0027] According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a new plug-in or OSGi 

resource processor, referred to as the Policy Update Resource Processor is included in the deployment 

service. The Policy Update Resource Processor is configured to recognize the policy update script and 

to conduct the necessary security policy update according to the script. In one exemplary embodiment, 

usage of the Policy Update Resource Processor is protected by a new Java 2 permission, such that 

only deployment packages assigned this new permission can run this new processor. The assignment 

of the Java 2 permission is carried out based on the signature information of the deployment package. 

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In other words, verifying the signature incorporated with the package in order to determine whether, 

and to what extent, the signer is authorized to modify the security policy, in essence verifies that the 

party signing the package has been given the new permission.

[0031] For example, one method of granting the requisite permissions is based on the creation of 

different developer platforms, wherein a special developer certificate may be locked to the IMEIs of 

one or more specific devices. Developers use private keys corresponding to these certificates when 

signing their applications. The applications can then be executed on the devices with the listed IMEIs. 

One drawback to this method, however, is that it assumes that the root certificates that can be used for 

signing the developer certificates have been provided to the one or more devices at the time of 

manufacture. In addition, a special mechanism is required that can recognize that the developer 

certificate is locked to particular IMEI numbers and act accordingly.

[0049] The system, method, electronic device, network entity and computer program product of 

exemplary embodiments of the invention are primarily described in conjunction with mobile 

communications applications. It should be understood, however, that the system, method, electronic 

device, network entity and computer program product of embodiments of the invention can be utilized 

in conjunction with a variety of other applications, both in the mobile communications industries and 

outside of the mobile communications industries. For example, the system, method, electronic device, 

network entity and computer program product of exemplary embodiments of the invention can be 

utilized in conjunction with wireline and/or wireless network (e.g., Internet) applications.

[0050] As described above and as will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the 

invention may be configured as a system, method, electronic device, network entity and computer 

program product. Accordingly, embodiments of the invention may be comprised of various means 

including entirely of hardware, entirely of software, or any combination of software and hardware. 

Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may take the form of a computer program product on a 

computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions (e.g., computer 

software) embodied in the storage medium. Any suitable computer-readable storage medium may be 

utilized including hard disks, CD-ROMs, optical storage devices, or magnetic storage devices.

[0051] Exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described above with reference to block 

diagrams and flowchart illustrations of methods, apparatuses (i.e., systems) and computer program 

products. It will be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and 

combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, respectively, can be 

implemented by various means including computer program instructions. These computer program 

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instructions may be loaded onto a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other 

programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions which 

execute on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus create a means for 

implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.

Aarnos Fig. 1

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[1a] receiving, over a service control 

link, a report from a wireless end-user 

device, the report comprising 

information about a device service 

state;

Aarnos discloses receiving, over a service control link, a report from a wireless end-user device, the 

report comprising information about a device service state. 

See, e.g.:

1. A method of updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, said method 

comprising:

Receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy; and

Processing the policy update script using an OSGi policy update resource processor in order to effect 

the modifications to the security policy.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the policy update script further comprises a signature 

corresponding with a transmitting party from whom the policy update script is received.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:

Verifying the signature in order to determine whether the transmitting party is authorized to modify 

the security policy.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising: 

Receiving a new software component associated with the policy update script; and

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Installing the new software component.

7. An electronic device capable of updating a security policy associated with the electronic device, 

said electronic device comprising:

an OSGi policy update resource processor configured to receive a policy update script comprising one 

or more modifications to the security policy and to process the policy update script received in order 

to effect the modifications to the security policy.

8. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein the policy update script further comprises a signature 

corresponding with a transmitting party from whom the policy update script is received.

9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the resource processor is further configured to verify the 

signature in order to determine whether the transmitting party is authorized to modify the security 

policy.

11. The electronic device of claim 7 further comprising:

a means to receive a new software component associated with the policy update script; and

a means to install the new software component on the electronic device.

19. A system for updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, said system 

comprising:

an apparatus configured to generate a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy, said apparatus further configured to transmit the policy update script; and

an electronic device configured to receive the policy update script, said electronic device comprising

an OSGi policy update resource processor configured to process the policy update script received in 

order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

27. A computer program product for updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, 

wherein the computer program product comprises at least one computer-readable storage medium 

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having computer-readable program code portions stored therein, said computer-readable program code 

portions comprising:

a first executable portion for receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy; and

a second executable portion for processing the policy update script using an OSGi policy update 

resource processor in order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

33. An apparatus for updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, said apparatus 

comprising:

a means for receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to the security 

policy; and

a means for processing the policy update script using an OSGi policy update resource processor in 

order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the policy update script further comprises a signature 

corresponding with a transmitting party from whom the policy update script is received, said 

apparatus further comprising:

a means for verifying the signature in order to determine whether the transmitting party is authorized 

to modify the security policy.

35. The apparatus of claim 33 further comprising:

a means for receiving a new software component associated with the policy update script; and

a means for installing the new software component, wherein the modifications to the security policy 

grant the new software component permission to access one or more existing software applications 

installed on the electronic device and one or more existing software components permission to access 

the new software component.

[0010] In accordance with one aspect, a method is provided of updating a security policy associated 

with an electronic device. In one exemplary embodiment, the method includes: (1) receiving a policy 

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update script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy; and (2) processing the 

policy update script using an OSGi policy update resource processor in order to effect the 

modifications to the security policy.

[0011] According to another aspect, an electronic device is provided that is capable of updating a 

security policy associated with the electronic device. In one exemplary embodiment the electronic 

device includes an OSGi policy update resource processor that is configured to receive a policy update 

script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy and to process the policy update 

script received in order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

[0013] In accordance with another aspect, a system is provided for updating a security policy 

associated with an electronic device. In one exemplary embodiment, the system includes: (1) a 

network entity configured to generate a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy and to transmit the policy update script; and (2) an electronic device configured to 

receive the policy update script, wherein the electronic device comprises an OSGi policy update 

resource processor that is configured to process the policy update script received in order to effect the 

modifications to the security policy.

[0014] In accordance with yet another aspect, a computer program product is provided for updating a 

security policy associated with an electronic device. The computer program product contains at least 

one computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code portions stored 

therein. The computer-readable program code portions of one exemplary embodiment include: (1) a 

first executable portion for receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy; and (2) a second executable portion for processing the policy update script using 

an OSGi policy update resource processor in order to effect the modifications to the security policy. 

[0025] Regardless of how the deployment package is received by the electronic device (in Step 106), 

upon receipt, installation of the deployment package begins (Step 107). In one exemplary 

embodiment, at the commencement of the installation process, the deployer's signature is verified in 

order to determine, as stated above, whether and to what extent the party transmitting the deployment 

package is in fact authorized to modify the existing security policy of the mobile device (Step 108). 

Assuming the signature is verified and that the deployer is authorized (based on the existing electronic 

device security policy), in Step 109, the policy update script is processed in order to effect the 

modifications to the security policy that are described by or included in the policy update script. 

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[0026] In particular, according to the OSGi specification, a deployment service exists on the electronic 

device that is configured to process deployment or installation packages received by the electronic 

device. This deployment service comprises one or more plug-ins called resource processors, wherein 

different resource processors are capable of processing different installation packages. In particular, 

resource processors, or software components that may be located on the device itself or within the 

deployment package to be installed, handle the lifecycle of specific resource types by processing the 

resource to create artifacts that are then removed when the resource is dropped. The use of a plug-in 

architecture for the deployment service is beneficial since it enables the use of multiple types of 

resources in the installation package (i.e., for each new type of resource a new resource processor, or 

plug-in, can be added where necessary).

[0034] In particular, according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a developer may 

provide the IMEIs of the devices they would like to use as developer devices to an authorized policy 

administrator of those devices (i.e., to a party with authorization to create policy update scripts that 

will be read by a Policy Update Resource Processor on the device in order to modify the existing 

security policy). The authorized policy administrator, in turn, creates a policy update script granting 

the requisite permissions (e.g., AllPermission) to the developers and includes the IMEICondition in 

the script. In other words, the permission is granted conditionally only for those devices identified by 

their IMEI. The authorized policy administrator puts the script into a deployment package (i.e., the 

standard installation scripts of the OSGi platform), signs the package with his private key and then 

returns the signed package to the developer. Upon receipt of the package, the developer can execute 

the package on the device, which, in turn, executes the policy update script. The execution of the 

deployment package is authorized, based on the authorized policy administrator's signature, to 

perform the policy update script. From that point on, the developer will have all of the rights described 

in the policy update script, with respect to the device(s) identified by their IMEIs. If the deployment 

package were to be executed with respect to a device not identified in the IMEICondition, the device's 

security policy would not be affected, since the condition would not be met and, therefore, the 

permission would not be granted.

[0036] Referring to FIG. 2, an illustration of one type of system that would benefit from exemplary 

embodiments of the present invention is provided. As shown in FIG. 2, the system can include one or 

more mobile stations 10, each having an antenna 12 for transmitting signals to and for receiving 

signals from one or more base stations (BS's) 14. The base station is a part of one or more cellular or 

mobile networks that each includes elements required to operate the network, such as one or more 

mobile switching centers (MSC) 16. As well known to those skilled in the art, the mobile network 

may also be referred to as a Base Station/MSC/Interworking function (BMI). In operation, the MSC is 

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capable of routing calls, data or the like to and from mobile stations when those mobile stations are 

making and receiving calls, data or the like. The MSC can also provide a connection to landline trunks 

when mobile stations are involved in a call.

[0040] One or more mobile stations 10 (as well as one or more processing elements, although not 

shown as such in FIG. 2) can further be coupled to one or more wireless access points (APs) 36. The 

AP's can be configured to communicate with the mobile station in accordance with techniques such as, 

for example, radio frequency (RF), Bluetooth (BT), infrared (IrDA) or any of a number of different 

wireless networking techniques, including WLAN techniques. The APs may be coupled to the Internet 

20. Like with the MSC 16, the AP's can be directly coupled to the Internet. In one embodiment, 

however, the APs are indirectly coupled to the Internet via a GTW 28. As will be appreciated, by 

directly or indirectly connecting the mobile stations and the processing elements (e.g., devices 

associated with the Authorized Policy Administrator 22 and/or Software Developer 24) and/or any of 

a number of other devices to the Internet, whether via the AP's or the mobile network(s), the mobile 

stations and processing elements can communicate with one another to thereby carry out various 

functions of the respective entities, such as to transmit and/or receive data, content or the like. As used 

herein, the terms “data,” “content,” “information,” and similar terms may be used interchangeably to 

refer to data capable of being transmitted, received and/or stored in accordance with embodiments of 

the invention. Thus, use of any such terms should not be taken to limit the spirit and scope of 

embodiments of the invention.

[0043] In addition to the memory 220, the processor 210 can also be connected to at least one 

interface or other means for displaying, transmitting and/or receiving data, content or the like (e.g., for 

transmitting and/or receiving a generated software component, policy update script and/or signature). 

In this regard, the interface(s) can include at least one communication interface 230 or other means for 

transmitting and/or receiving data, content or the like, as well as at least one user interface that can 

include a display 240 and/or a user input interface 250. The user input interface, in turn, can comprise 

any of a number of devices allowing the entity to receive data from a user, such as a keypad, a touch 

display, a joystick or other input device.

[0045] The mobile station includes various means for performing one or more functions in accordance 

with exemplary embodiments of the invention, including those more particularly shown and described 

herein. It should be understood, however, that one or more of the entities may include alternative 

means for performing one or more like functions, without departing from the spirit and scope of 

embodiments of the invention. More particularly, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, in addition to an 

antenna 302, the mobile station 10 includes a transmitter 304, a receiver 306, and means, such as a 

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16

processing device 308, e.g., a processor, controller or the like, that provides signals to and receives 

signals from the transmitter 304 and receiver 306, respectively. These signals include signaling 

information in accordance with the air interface standard of the applicable cellular system and also 

user speech and/or user generated data. In this regard, the mobile station can be capable of operating 

with one or more air interface standards, communication protocols, modulation types, and access 

types. More particularly, the mobile station can be capable of operating in accordance with any of a 

number of second-generation (2G), 2.5G and/or third-generation (3G) communication protocols or the 

like. Further, for example, the mobile station can be capable of operating in accordance with any of a 

number of different wireless networking techniques, including Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 WLAN (or 

Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 WiMAX, ultra wideband (UWB), and the like.

[0047] The mobile station may also comprise means such as a user interface including, for example, a 

conventional earphone or speaker 310, a ringer 312, a microphone 314, a display 316, all of which are 

coupled to the controller 308. The user input interface, which allows the mobile device to receive data, 

can comprise any of a number of devices allowing the mobile device to receive data, such as a keypad 

318, a touch display (not shown), a microphone 314, or other input device. In embodiments including 

a keypad, the keypad can include the conventional numeric (0-9) and related keys (#, *), and other 

keys used for operating the mobile station and may include a full set of alphanumeric keys or set of 

keys that may be activated to provide a full set of alphanumeric keys. Although not shown, the mobile 

station may include a battery, such as a vibrating battery pack, for powering the various circuits that 

are required to operate the mobile station, as well as optionally providing mechanical vibration as a 

detectable output.

Aarnos Figs. 1, 2. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[1b] determining, based on the report, 

that a particular service policy setting 

of the wireless end-user device needs 

to be modified, the particular service 

policy setting being stored in a 

protected partition of the wireless endAarnos discloses determining, based on the report, that a particularly service policy setting of the 

wireless end-user device needs to be modified, [the particular service policy setting being stored in a 

protected partition of the wireless end-user device, the protected partition configured to deter or 

prevent unauthorized modifications to the particular service policy setting,] the particular service 

policy setting being associated with a service profile that provides for access by the wireless end-user 

device to a network data service over a wireless access network, the particular service policy setting 

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user device, the protected partition 

configured to deter or prevent 

unauthorized modifications to the 

particular service policy setting, the 

particular service policy setting being 

associated with a service profile that 

provides for access by the wireless 

end-user device to a network data 

service over a wireless access network, 

the particular service policy setting 

configured to assist in controlling one 

or more communications associated 

with the wireless end-user device over 

the wireless access network; and

configured to assist in controlling one or more communications associated with the wireless end-user 

device over the wireless access network. 

See, e.g.:

1. A method of updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, said method 

comprising:

Receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy; and

Processing the policy update script using an OSGi policy update resource processor in order to effect 

the modifications to the security policy.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the policy update script further comprises a signature 

corresponding with a transmitting party from whom the policy update script is received.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:

Verifying the signature in order to determine whether the transmitting party is authorized to modify 

the security policy.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the modifications to the security policy grant the new software 

component permission to access one or more existing software applications installed on the electronic 

device. 

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the modifications further grant one or more existing software 

components permission to access the new software component.

7. An electronic device capable of updating a security policy associated with the electronic device, 

said electronic device comprising:

an OSGi policy update resource processor configured to receive a policy update script comprising one 

or more modifications to the security policy and to process the policy update script received in order 

to effect the modifications to the security policy.

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9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the resource processor is further configured to verify the 

signature in order to determine whether the transmitting party is authorized to modify the security 

policy.

10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the resource processor is further configured to 

determine, based at least in part on the signature, an extent to which the transmitting party is 

authorized to modify the security policy.

12. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the modifications to the security policy grant the new 

software component permission to access one or more existing software applications installed on the 

electronic device, and wherein the modifications further grant one or more existing software 

components permission to access the new software component.

13. An apparatus capable of updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, said 

apparatus comprising:

a processor; and

a memory in communication with the processor, said memory storing an application executable by the 

processor, wherein the application is configured, upon execution, to:

generate a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy, said 

policy update script capable of being processed by an OSGi policy update resource processor in order 

to effect the modifications; and

transmit the policy update script.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the application is further configured, upon execution, to 

associate a signature with the policy update script, said signature capable of being verified in order to 

determine whether a party associated with the apparatus is authorized to modify the security policy.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the modifications to the security policy grant the new software 

component permission to access one or more existing software applications installed on the electronic 

device.

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17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the modifications further grant one or more existing software 

components permission to access the new software component.

19. A system for updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, said system 

comprising:

an apparatus configured to generate a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy, said apparatus further configured to transmit the policy update script; and

an electronic device configured to receive the policy update script, said electronic device comprising 

an OSGi policy update resource processor configured to process the policy update script received in 

order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein the electronic device is further configured to verify the signature 

in order to determine whether a party associated with the apparatus is authorized to modify the 

security policy.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein the modifications to the security policy grant the new software 

component permission to access one or more existing software applications installed on the electronic 

device.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein the modifications further grant one or more existing software 

components permission to access the new software component.

27. A computer program product for updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, 

wherein the computer program product comprises at least one computer-readable storage medium 

having computer-readable program code portions stored therein, said computer-readable program code 

portions comprising:

a first executable portion for receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy; and

a second executable portion for processing the policy update script using an OSGi policy update 

resource processor in order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

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29. The computer program product of claim 28, wherein the computer-readable program code portions 

further comprise:

a third executable portion for verifying the signature in order to determine whether the transmitting 

party is authorized to modify the security policy.

31. The computer program product of claim 30, wherein the modifications to the security policy grant 

the new software component permission to access one or more existing software applications installed 

on the electronic device.

32. The computer program product of claim 31, wherein the modifications further grant one or more 

existing software components permission to access the new software component.

33. An apparatus for updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, said apparatus 

comprising:

a means for receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to the security 

policy; and

a means for processing the policy update script using an OSGi policy update resource processor in 

order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the policy update script further comprises a signature 

corresponding with a transmitting party from whom the policy update script is received, said 

apparatus further comprising:

a means for verifying the signature in order to determine whether the transmitting party is authorized 

to modify the security policy.

35. The apparatus of claim 33 further comprising:

a means for receiving a new software component associated with the policy update script; and

a means for installing the new software component, wherein the modifications to the security policy 

grant the new software component permission to access one or more existing software applications 

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21

installed on the electronic device and one or more existing software components permission to access 

the new software component.

[0006] Other situations may similarly exist where it would be desirable for parties other than the 

manufacture or network operator, to be able to modify the existing security policy of the electronic 

device (i.e., in addition to where a new software component is introduced). For example, a software 

developer may desire to change the security policy on one or more electronic devices in order to test 

various applications he or she is developing. In addition, companies that provide their employees with 

mobile devices (e.g., cell phones and/or PDAs) may have specific software that can only be run on 

that company's devices and require special permissions within the device. It may be desirable for the 

company to be able to install the necessary rights to the mobile device at the same time the software is 

being installed.

[0007] Currently, however, in order to modify the electronic device security policy, a party must have 

AllPermission, a Java-based permission that grants permission to access everything on the electronic 

device, or a similar and equally powerful permission. However, manufacturers and, in some instances, 

network operators are generally the only parties with such a powerful permission. This makes it nearly 

impossible for any party other than the manufacturer or network operator to modify the existing 

security policy.

[0008] A need, therefore, exists for a way for parties not limited to the device manufacturer or 

network operator to modify the existing security policy of an electronic device after a user has taken 

possession of the electronic device.

[0009] In general, exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide an improvement over the 

known prior art by, among other things, providing a convenient and safe way to update the security 

policy associated with an electronic device, such as a cellular telephone, personal digital assistant 

(PDA), personal computer (PC), laptop, pager, television, or the like, or one or more electronic 

devices operating on a motor vehicle, after a user has purchased the device and taken it away for use. 

In particular, exemplary embodiments provide a scripting tool that can be used to create a policy 

update script, or resource application or file, that describes the desired modifications to an electronic 

device security policy. Exemplary embodiments further provide an OSGi resource processor, referred 

to as a Policy Update Resource Processor, that is located on the electronic device and is configured to 

carry out the security policy modifications outlined in the policy update script. In particular, in one 

exemplary embodiment, the modifications may be those necessary to provide a new software 

component, with which the script corresponds, the requisite permissions to access other software 

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22

components and resources available on the electronic device. The script may also describe how the 

security policy should be modified, in turn, to provide the other software components access to the 

services of the new software component.

[0010] In accordance with one aspect, a method is provided of updating a security policy associated 

with an electronic device. In one exemplary embodiment, the method includes: (1) receiving a policy 

update script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy; and (2) processing the 

policy update script using an OSGi policy update resource processor in order to effect the 

modifications to the security policy. 

[0011] According to another aspect, an electronic device is provided that is capable of updating a 

security policy associated with the electronic device. In one exemplary embodiment the electronic 

device includes an OSGi policy update resource processor that is configured to receive a policy update 

script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy and to process the policy update 

script received in order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

[0012] According to yet another aspect, an apparatus is provided that is capable of updating a security 

policy associated with an electronic device. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a 

processor and a memory in communication with the processor that stores an application executable by 

the processor, wherein the application is configured, upon execution, to: (1) generate a policy update 

script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy, wherein the policy update script is 

capable of being processed by an OSGi policy update resource processor in order to effect the 

modifications; and (2) transmit the policy update script.

[0013] In accordance with another aspect, a system is provided for updating a security policy 

associated with an electronic device. In one exemplary embodiment, the system includes: (1) a 

network entity configured to generate a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy and to transmit the policy update script; and (2) an electronic device configured to 

receive the policy update script, wherein the electronic device comprises an OSGi policy update 

resource processor that is configured to process the policy update script received in order to effect the 

modifications to the security policy.

[0014] In accordance with yet another aspect, a computer program product is provided for updating a 

security policy associated with an electronic device. The computer program product contains at least 

one computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code portions stored 

therein. The computer-readable program code portions of one exemplary embodiment include: (1) a 

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first executable portion for receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy; and (2) a second executable portion for processing the policy update script using 

an OSGi policy update resource processor in order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

[0021] Reference is now made to FIG. 1, which illustrates the steps which may be taken in order to 

update the security policy associated with a particular electronic device (e.g., cellular telephone, PDA, 

PC, laptop, pager, television, or one or more electronic devices operating on a motor vehicle.). As 

shown, in one exemplary embodiment, the process may begin when a party, such as a software 

developer, creates or develops a software component or application to be installed on the electronic 

device. (Step 101). As discussed above, software components are applications operating on an 

electronic device that may provide services to other components on the device and are likewise 

capable of dynamically discovering and using services of those other software components and 

applications. As is discussed in more detail below, Step 101 is optional. In other words exemplary 

embodiments of the present invention are not limited to instances where new software components are 

being developed for deployment on electronic devices.

[0022] Once the software component has been developed, in Step 102, a policy update script is 

generated that describes the modifications that must be made to the electronic device security policy in 

order to enable the new software component to access other services and resources of the electronic 

device, and vice versa (i.e., the modifications grant the appropriate permissions to the various 

components). The policy update script may, for example, be in the form of an Extensible Markup 

Language (XML) file, or the like.

[0023] The developed software component and the corresponding policy update script are then 

combined, in Step 103 into a deployment (or installation) package for deployment on the device. The 

deployer (or party responsible for creating the deployment package and providing it to the electronic 

device, which may or may not be the software developer), in Step 104 signs the package (i.e., 

incorporates a digital signature, such as a private key, with the package). The signature will be used to 

verify whether and to what extent the signer (i.e., the deployer) is authorized to modify the electronic 

device security policy; thus providing increased security to the policy updating process. In one 

exemplary embodiment, different parties may be provided with different levels of authorization. For 

example, where one party may have authorization to make wholesale modifications to the existing 

security policy, other parties may have only restricted access.

[0025] Regardless of how the deployment package is received by the electronic device (in Step 106), 

upon receipt, installation of the deployment package begins (Step 107). In one exemplary 

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24

embodiment, at the commencement of the installation process, the deployer's signature is verified in 

order to determine, as stated above, whether and to what extent the party transmitting the deployment 

package is in fact authorized to modify the existing security policy of the mobile device (Step 108). 

Assuming the signature is verified and that the deployer is authorized (based on the existing electronic 

device security policy), in Step 109, the policy update script is processed in order to effect the 

modifications to the security policy that are described by or included in the policy update script.

[0027] According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a new plug-in or OSGi 

resource processor, referred to as the Policy Update Resource Processor is included in the deployment 

service. The Policy Update Resource Processor is configured to recognize the policy update script and

to conduct the necessary security policy update according to the script. In one exemplary embodiment, 

usage of the Policy Update Resource Processor is protected by a new Java 2 permission, such that 

only deployment packages assigned this new permission can run this new processor. The assignment 

of the Java 2 permission is carried out based on the signature information of the deployment package. 

In other words, verifying the signature incorporated with the package in order to determine whether, 

and to what extent, the signer is authorized to modify the security policy, in essence verifies that the 

party signing the package has been given the new permission.

[0028] As mentioned briefly above, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are not limited 

to situations where a new software component is to be installed on the electronic device. In contrast, 

the policy update script may be used any time a party desires to modify the existing security policy 

and is authorized to do so. In one exemplary embodiment, rather than including the policy update 

script in a deployment package for a new software component, a manufacturer or operator may create 

an “empty” deployment or installation package containing only the policy update script (thus 

eliminating Step 101). The manufacturer or operator could then provide the package to the appropriate 

parties, such as the software developer. Using this technique, manufacturers and operators would no 

longer be required to run the actual installation or remote policy management themselves. The below 

exemplary use case provides an example of where an empty deployment package may be used.

[0048] The mobile station can also include means, such as memory including, for example, a 

subscriber identity module (SIM) 320, a removable user identity module (R-UIM) (not shown), or the 

like, which typically stores information elements related to a mobile subscriber. In addition to the 

SIM, the mobile device can include other memory. In this regard, the mobile station can include 

volatile memory 322, as well as other non-volatile memory 324, which can be embedded and/or may 

be removable. For example, the other non-volatile memory may be embedded or removable 

multimedia memory cards (MMCs), Memory Sticks as manufactured by Sony Corporation, 

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EEPROM, flash memory, hard disk, or the like. The memory can store any of a number of pieces or 

amount of information and data used by the mobile device to implement the functions of the mobile 

station. For example, the memory can store an identifier, such as an international mobile equipment 

identification (IMEI) code, international mobile subscriber identification (IMSI) code, mobile device 

integrated services digital network (MSISDN) code, or the like, capable of uniquely identifying the 

mobile device. The memory can also store content. The memory may, for example, store computer 

program code for an application and other computer programs. For example, in one embodiment of 

the invention, the memory may store computer program code for performing any combination of 

Steps 106-109 of FIG. 1 discussed above. In particular, the memory may store computer program 

code for receiving a policy update script including one or more modifications to the security policy 

and for processing the policy update script using an OSGi policy update resource processor 317, also 

included in the electronic device, in order to effect the modifications to the security policy. In general, 

the OSGi policy update resource processor 317 is a software component that is capable of handing the 

life cycle of a particular resource type by processing the resource to create artifacts that are then 

removed when the resource is dropped.

[0054] Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set forth herein will come to 

mind to one skilled in the art to which these exemplary embodiments of the invention pertain having 

the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. 

Therefore, it is to be understood that exemplary embodiments of the inventions are not to be limited to 

the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be 

included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they 

are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Aarnos Fig 1. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[1c] is in response to determining that 

the particular service policy setting 

needs to be modified, sending 

configuration information to the 

wireless end-user device over the 

Aarnos discloses in response to determining that the particular service policy setting needs to be 

modified, sending configuration information to the wireless end-user device over the service control 

link, the configuration information configured to assist in modifying or allowing modifications to the 

particular service policy setting. 

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service control link, the configuration 

information configured to assist in 

modifying or allowing modifications 

to the particular service policy setting.

See, e.g.:

1. A method of updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, said method 

comprising:

Receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy; and

Processing the policy update script using an OSGi policy update resource processor in order to effect 

the modifications to the security policy.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:

Verifying the signature in order to determine whether the transmitting party is authorized to modify 

the security policy.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the modifications to the security policy grant the new software 

component permission to access one or more existing software applications installed on the electronic 

device. 

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the modifications further grant one or more existing software 

components permission to access the new software component.

7. An electronic device capable of updating a security policy associated with the electronic device, 

said electronic device comprising:

an OSGi policy update resource processor configured to receive a policy update script comprising one 

or more modifications to the security policy and to process the policy update script received in order 

to effect the modifications to the security policy.

9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the resource processor is further configured to verify the 

signature in order to determine whether the transmitting party is authorized to modify the security 

policy.

10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the resource processor is further configured to 

determine, based at least in part on the signature, an extent to which the transmitting party is 

authorized to modify the security policy.

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12. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the modifications to the security policy grant the new 

software component permission to access one or more existing software applications installed on the 

electronic device, and wherein the modifications further grant one or more existing software 

components permission to access the new software component.

13. An apparatus capable of updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, said 

apparatus comprising:

a processor; and

a memory in communication with the processor, said memory storing an application executable by the 

processor, wherein the application is configured, upon execution, to:

generate a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy, said 

policy update script capable of being processed by an OSGi policy update resource processor in order 

to effect the modifications; and

transmit the policy update script.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the application is further configured, upon execution, to 

associate a signature with the policy update script, said signature capable of being verified in order to 

determine whether a party associated with the apparatus is authorized to modify the security policy.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the modifications to the security policy grant the new software 

component permission to access one or more existing software applications installed on the electronic 

device.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the modifications further grant one or more existing software 

components permission to access the new software component.

19. A system for updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, said system 

comprising:

an apparatus configured to generate a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy, said apparatus further configured to transmit the policy update script; and

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an electronic device configured to receive the policy update script, said electronic device comprising 

an OSGi policy update resource processor configured to process the policy update script received in 

order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

27. A computer program product for updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, 

wherein the computer program product comprises at least one computer-readable storage medium 

having computer-readable program code portions stored therein, said computer-readable program code 

portions comprising:

a first executable portion for receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy; and

a second executable portion for processing the policy update script using an OSGi policy update 

resource processor in order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

29. The computer program product of claim 28, wherein the computer-readable program code portions 

further comprise:

a third executable portion for verifying the signature in order to determine whether the transmitting 

party is authorized to modify the security policy.

31. The computer program product of claim 30, wherein the modifications to the security policy grant 

the new software component permission to access one or more existing software applications installed 

on the electronic device.

32. The computer program product of claim 31, wherein the modifications further grant one or more 

existing software components permission to access the new software component.

33. An apparatus for updating a security policy associated with an electronic device, said apparatus 

comprising:

a means for receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to the security 

policy; and

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a means for processing the policy update script using an OSGi policy update resource processor in 

order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the policy update script further comprises a signature 

corresponding with a transmitting party from whom the policy update script is received, said 

apparatus further comprising:

a means for verifying the signature in order to determine whether the transmitting party is authorized 

to modify the security policy.

35. The apparatus of claim 33 further comprising:

a means for receiving a new software component associated with the policy update script; and

a means for installing the new software component, wherein the modifications to the security policy 

grant the new software component permission to access one or more existing software applications 

installed on the electronic device and one or more existing software components permission to access 

the new software component.

[0007] Currently, however, in order to modify the electronic device security policy, a party must have 

AllPermission, a Java-based permission that grants permission to access everything on the electronic 

device, or a similar and equally powerful permission. However, manufacturers and, in some instances, 

network operators are generally the only parties with such a powerful permission. This makes it nearly 

impossible for any party other than the manufacturer or network operator to modify the existing 

security policy.

[0008] A need, therefore, exists for a way for parties not limited to the device manufacturer or 

network operator to modify the existing security policy of an electronic device after a user has taken 

possession of the electronic device.

[0009] In general, exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide an improvement over the 

known prior art by, among other things, providing a convenient and safe way to update the security 

policy associated with an electronic device, such as a cellular telephone, personal digital assistant 

(PDA), personal computer (PC), laptop, pager, television, or the like, or one or more electronic 

devices operating on a motor vehicle, after a user has purchased the device and taken it away for use. 

In particular, exemplary embodiments provide a scripting tool that can be used to create a policy 

update script, or resource application or file, that describes the desired modifications to an electronic 

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device security policy. Exemplary embodiments further provide an OSGi resource processor, referred 

to as a Policy Update Resource Processor, that is located on the electronic device and is configured to 

carry out the security policy modifications outlined in the policy update script. In particular, in one 

exemplary embodiment, the modifications may be those necessary to provide a new software 

component, with which the script corresponds, the requisite permissions to access other software 

components and resources available on the electronic device. The script may also describe how the 

security policy should be modified, in turn, to provide the other software components access to the 

services of the new software component.

[0010] In accordance with one aspect, a method is provided of updating a security policy associated 

with an electronic device. In one exemplary embodiment, the method includes: (1) receiving a policy 

update script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy; and (2) processing the 

policy update script using an OSGi policy update resource processor in order to effect the 

modifications to the security policy. 

[0011] According to another aspect, an electronic device is provided that is capable of updating a 

security policy associated with the electronic device. In one exemplary embodiment the electronic 

device includes an OSGi policy update resource processor that is configured to receive a policy update 

script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy and to process the policy update 

script received in order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

[0012] According to yet another aspect, an apparatus is provided that is capable of updating a security 

policy associated with an electronic device. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a 

processor and a memory in communication with the processor that stores an application executable by 

the processor, wherein the application is configured, upon execution, to: (1) generate a policy update 

script comprising one or more modifications to the security policy, wherein the policy update script is 

capable of being processed by an OSGi policy update resource processor in order to effect the 

modifications; and (2) transmit the policy update script.

[0013] In accordance with another aspect, a system is provided for updating a security policy 

associated with an electronic device. In one exemplary embodiment, the system includes: (1) a 

network entity configured to generate a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy and to transmit the policy update script; and (2) an electronic device configured to 

receive the policy update script, wherein the electronic device comprises an OSGi policy update 

resource processor that is configured to process the policy update script received in order to effect the 

modifications to the security policy.

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[0014] In accordance with yet another aspect, a computer program product is provided for updating a 

security policy associated with an electronic device. The computer program product contains at least 

one computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code portions stored 

therein. The computer-readable program code portions of one exemplary embodiment include: (1) a 

first executable portion for receiving a policy update script comprising one or more modifications to 

the security policy; and (2) a second executable portion for processing the policy update script using 

an OSGi policy update resource processor in order to effect the modifications to the security policy.

[0022] Once the software component has been developed, in Step 102, a policy update script is 

generated that describes the modifications that must be made to the electronic device security policy in 

order to enable the new software component to access other services and resources of the electronic 

device, and vice versa (i.e., the modifications grant the appropriate permissions to the various 

components). The policy update script may, for example, be in the form of an Extensible Markup 

Language (XML) file, or the like.

[0023] The developed software component and the corresponding policy update script are then 

combined, in Step 103 into a deployment (or installation) package for deployment on the device. The 

deployer (or party responsible for creating the deployment package and providing it to the electronic 

device, which may or may not be the software developer), in Step 104 signs the package (i.e., 

incorporates a digital signature, such as a private key, with the package). The signature will be used to 

verify whether and to what extent the signer (i.e., the deployer) is authorized to modify the electronic 

device security policy; thus providing increased security to the policy updating process. In one 

exemplary embodiment, different parties may be provided with different levels of authorization. For 

example, where one party may have authorization to make wholesale modifications to the existing 

security policy, other parties may have only restricted access.

[0025] Regardless of how the deployment package is received by the electronic device (in Step 106), 

upon receipt, installation of the deployment package begins (Step 107). In one exemplary 

embodiment, at the commencement of the installation process, the deployer's signature is verified in 

order to determine, as stated above, whether and to what extent the party transmitting the deployment 

package is in fact authorized to modify the existing security policy of the mobile device (Step 108). 

Assuming the signature is verified and that the deployer is authorized (based on the existing electronic 

device security policy), in Step 109, the policy update script is processed in order to effect the 

modifications to the security policy that are described by or included in the policy update script.

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[0026] In particular, according to the OSGi specification, a deployment service exists on the electronic 

device that is configured to process deployment or installation packages received by the electronic 

device. This deployment service comprises one or more plug-ins called resource processors, wherein 

different resource processors are capable of processing different installation packages. In particular, 

resource processors, or software components that may be located on the device itself or within the 

deployment package to be installed, handle the lifecycle of specific resource types by processing the 

resource to create artifacts that are then removed when the resource is dropped. The use of a plug-in 

architecture for the deployment service is beneficial since it enables the use of multiple types of 

resources in the installation package (i.e., for each new type of resource a new resource processor, or 

plug-in, can be added where necessary).

[0027] According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a new plug-in or OSGi 

resource processor, referred to as the Policy Update Resource Processor is included in the deployment 

service. The Policy Update Resource Processor is configured to recognize the policy update script and 

to conduct the necessary security policy update according to the script. In one exemplary embodiment, 

usage of the Policy Update Resource Processor is protected by a new Java 2 permission, such that 

only deployment packages assigned this new permission can run this new processor. The assignment 

of the Java 2 permission is carried out based on the signature information of the deployment package. 

In other words, verifying the signature incorporated with the package in order to determine whether, 

and to what extent, the signer is authorized to modify the security policy, in essence verifies that the 

party signing the package has been given the new permission.

[0028] As mentioned briefly above, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are not limited 

to situations where a new software component is to be installed on the electronic device. In contrast, 

the policy update script may be used any time a party desires to modify the existing security policy 

and is authorized to do so. In one exemplary embodiment, rather than including the policy update 

script in a deployment package for a new software component, a manufacturer or operator may create 

an “empty” deployment or installation package containing only the policy update script (thus 

eliminating Step 101). The manufacturer or operator could then provide the package to the appropriate 

parties, such as the software developer. Using this technique, manufacturers and operators would no 

longer be required to run the actual installation or remote policy management themselves. The below 

exemplary use case provides an example of where an empty deployment package may be used.

[0037] The MSC 16 can be coupled to a data network, such as a local area network (LAN), a 

metropolitan area network (MAN), and/or a wide area network (WAN). The MSC can be directly 

coupled to the data network. In one typical embodiment, however, the MSC is coupled to a Packet 

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Control Function (PCF) 18, and the PCF is coupled to a Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN) 19, which 

is in turn coupled to a WAN, such as the Internet 20. In turn, devices such as processing elements 

(e.g., personal computers, server computers or the like) can be coupled to the mobile station 10 via the 

Internet. For example, the processing elements can include devices corresponding with an Authorized 

Policy Administrator 22 (i.e., a party having authorization to create policy update scripts that will be 

read by a Policy Update Resource Processor on the mobile station in order to modify the existing 

security policy) and/or a Software Developer 24, discussed above. As will be appreciated, the 

processing elements can comprise any of a number of processing devices, systems or the like capable 

of operating in accordance with embodiments of the invention.

[0040] One or more mobile stations 10 (as well as one or more processing elements, although not 

shown as such in FIG. 2) can further be coupled to one or more wireless access points (APs) 36. The 

AP's can be configured to communicate with the mobile station in accordance with techniques such as, 

for example, radio frequency (RF), Bluetooth (BT), infrared (IrDA) or any of a number of different 

wireless networking techniques, including WLAN techniques. The APs may be coupled to the Internet 

20. Like with the MSC 16, the AP's can be directly coupled to the Internet. In one embodiment, 

however, the APs are indirectly coupled to the Internet via a GTW 28. As will be appreciated, by 

directly or indirectly connecting the mobile stations and the processing elements (e.g., devices 

associated with the Authorized Policy Administrator 22 and/or Software Developer 24) and/or any of 

a number of other devices to the Internet, whether via the AP's or the mobile network(s), the mobile 

stations and processing elements can communicate with one another to thereby carry out various 

functions of the respective entities, such as to transmit and/or receive data, content or the like. As used 

herein, the terms “data,” “content,” “information,” and similar terms may be used interchangeably to 

refer to data capable of being transmitted, received and/or stored in accordance with embodiments of 

the invention. Thus, use of any such terms should not be taken to limit the spirit and scope of 

embodiments of the invention.

[0048] The mobile station can also include means, such as memory including, for example, a 

subscriber identity module (SIM) 320, a removable user identity module (R-UIM) (not shown), or the 

like, which typically stores information elements related to a mobile subscriber. In addition to the 

SIM, the mobile device can include other memory. In this regard, the mobile station can include 

volatile memory 322, as well as other non-volatile memory 324, which can be embedded and/or may 

be removable. For example, the other non-volatile memory may be embedded or removable 

multimedia memory cards (MMCs), Memory Sticks as manufactured by Sony Corporation, 

EEPROM, flash memory, hard disk, or the like. The memory can store any of a number of pieces or 

amount of information and data used by the mobile device to implement the functions of the mobile 

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station. For example, the memory can store an identifier, such as an international mobile equipment 

identification (IMEI) code, international mobile subscriber identification (IMSI) code, mobile device 

integrated services digital network (MSISDN) code, or the like, capable of uniquely identifying the 

mobile device. The memory can also store content. The memory may, for example, store computer 

program code for an application and other computer programs. For example, in one embodiment of 

the invention, the memory may store computer program code for performing any combination of 

Steps 106-109 of FIG. 1 discussed above. In particular, the memory may store computer program 

code for receiving a policy update script including one or more modifications to the security policy 

and for processing the policy update script using an OSGi policy update resource processor 317, also 

included in the electronic device, in order to effect the modifications to the security policy. In general, 

the OSGi policy update resource processor 317 is a software component that is capable of handing the 

life cycle of a particular resource type by processing the resource to create artifacts that are then 

removed when the resource is dropped.

[0054] Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set forth herein will come to 

mind to one skilled in the art to which these exemplary embodiments of the invention pertain having 

the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. 

Therefore, it is to be understood that exemplary embodiments of the inventions are not to be limited to 

the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be 

included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they 

are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[2] The method of claim 1, wherein the 

particular service policy setting assists 

in implementing a roaming control, a 

parental control, or an enterprise 

wireless wide-area network (WWAN) 

management control.

Aarnos discloses the method of claim 1, wherein the particular service policy setting assists in 

implementing a roaming control, a parental control, or an enterprise wireless wide-area network 

(WWAN) management control. See supra claim 1. 

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 2. See supra claim 1. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

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would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[3] The method of claim 1, wherein the 

wireless end-user device is an 

intermediate networking device for 

forwarding traffic between a wireless 

wide-area network (WWAN) and a 

wireless local-area network (WLAN).

Aarnos discloses the method of claim 1, wherein the wireless end-user device is an intermediate 

networking device for forwarding traffic between a wireless wide-area network (WWAN) and a 

wireless local-area network (WLAN). See supra claim 1. 

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 3. See supra claim 1. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[4] The method of claim 1, wherein the 

wireless end-user device is an 

intermediate networking device 

comprising a cellular device, the 

intermediate networking device for 

forwarding traffic between the wireless 

access network and a second network.

Aarnos discloses the method of claim 1, wherein the wireless end-user device is an intermediate 

networking device comprising a cellular device, the intermediate networking device for forwarding 

traffic between the wireless access network and a second network. See supra claim 1. 

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 4. See supra claim 1. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[5] The method of claim 1, wherein the 

wireless end-user device is an 

intermediate networking device, and 

the particular service policy setting 

assists one or more other end-user 

devices in communicating over the 

wireless access network via the 

intermediate networking device.

Aarnos discloses the method of claim 1, wherein the wireless end-user device is an intermediate 

networking device, and the particular service policy setting assists one or more other end-user devices 

in communicating over the wireless access network via the intermediate networking device. See supra 

claim 1. 

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 5. See supra claim 1. 

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To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[6] The method of claim 1, further 

comprising:

Aarnos discloses the method of claim 1. See supra claim 1. 

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 6. See supra claim 1. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[6a] obtaining a service usage measure, 

the service usage measure accounting 

for the one or more communications 

associated with the wireless end-user 

device over the wireless access 

network; and

Aarnos discloses obtaining a service usage measure, the service usage measure accounting for the one 

or more communications associated with the wireless end-user device over the wireless access 

network. See supra claim 1. 

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 6. See supra claim 1. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[6b] based on the service usage 

measure, taking an action.

Aarnos discloses based on the service usage measure, taking an action. See supra claim 1. 

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 6. See supra claim 1. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

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[7] The method of claim 6, wherein the 

service usage measure comprises a 

measure of a service usage activity.

Aarnos discloses the method of claim 6, wherein the service usage measure comprises a measure of a 

service usage activity. See supra claims 1 and 6. 

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 7. See supra claims 1 and 6. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[8] The method of claim 6, wherein the 

action is to verify the service usage 

measure.

Aarnos discloses the method of claim 6, wherein the action is to verify the service usage measure. See 

supra claims 1 and 6. 

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 8. See supra claims 1 and 6. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[9] The method of claim 6, wherein the 

action is to quarantine or suspend the 

wireless end-user device.

Aarnos discloses the method of claim 6, wherein the action is to quarantine or suspend the wireless 

end-user device. See supra claims 1 and 6. 

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 9. See supra claims 1 and 6. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[12] The method of claim 1, wherein 

the configuration information 

Aarnos discloses the method of claim 1, wherein the configuration information comprises at least a 

portion of the service profile. See supra claim 1. 

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comprises at least a portion of the 

service profile.

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 12. See supra claim 1. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[13] The method of claim 1, wherein 

the service control link is secured by 

an encryption protocol.

Aarnos discloses the method of claim 1, wherein the service control link is secured by an encryption 

protocol. See supra claim 1. 

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 13. See supra claim 1. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[14] The method of claim 1, wherein 

the device service state comprises a 

service profile setting, a service usage 

policy setting, or a device-assisted 

services (DAS) setting.

Aarnos discloses the method of claim 1, wherein the device service state comprises a service profile 

setting, a service usage policy setting, or a device-assisted services (DAS) setting. See supra claim 1. 

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 14. See supra claim 1. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[16] The method of claim 1, wherein 

the device service state comprises 

information associated with an 

encryption key.

Aarnos discloses the method of claim 1, wherein the device service state comprises information 

associated with an encryption key. See supra claim 1. 

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 16. See supra claim 1. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

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would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[17] The method of claim 1, wherein 

the device service state comprises an 

agent report, a service usage record, a 

transaction record, or an integrity 

report.

Aarnos discloses the method of claim 1, wherein the device service state comprises an agent report, a 

service usage record, a transaction record, or an integrity report. See supra claim 1. 

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 17. See supra claim 1. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

[18] The method of claim 1, wherein 

the device service state comprises user 

status information, device status 

information, application status 

information, a device location, or a 

device quality-of-service (QOS) state.

Aarnos discloses the method of claim 1, wherein the device service state comprises user status 

information, device status information, application status information, a device location, or a device 

quality-of-service (QOS) state. See supra claim 1. 

In addition, Aarnos anticipates and/or renders obvious claim 18. See supra claim 1. 

To the extent Aarnos does not explicitly and/or inherently disclose this element, it would have been 

obvious in view of the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of Aarnos alone or it 

would have been obvious to combine Aarnos with one or more prior art references charted in these 

Invalidity Contentions or identified in the cover document to which this chart is attached.

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