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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS 

TYLER DIVISION 

JAIME COVARRUBIAS, 

 Plaintiff, 

v. 

ERICK L. BRANNAN, et al., 

 Defendants. 

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Case No. 6:23-cv-404-JDK-KNM 

ORDER ADOPTING REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION 

OF THE UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 

Plaintiff Jaime Covarrubias, a Texas Department of Criminal Justice inmate 

proceeding pro se, brings this civil rights lawsuit under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The case 

was referred to United States Magistrate Judge K. Nicole Mitchell pursuant to 28 

U.S.C. § 636. 

On August 17, 2023, Judge Mitchell issued a Report and Recommendation 

finding that Plaintiff had previously accumulated three strikes under 28 U.S.C. 

§ 1915(g) and recommending that the Court dismiss this case with prejudice as to the 

refiling of another in forma pauperis lawsuit raising these claims, but without 

prejudice to refiling upon payment of the full $402.00 filing fee or proof of imminent 

danger. Docket No. 4. Plaintiff objected. Docket No. 6. 

Where a party timely objects to the Report and Recommendation, the Court 

reviews the objected-to findings and conclusions of the Magistrate Judge de novo. 28 

U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). In conducting a de novo review, the Court examines the entire 

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record and makes an independent assessment under the law. Douglass v. United 

Servs. Auto. Ass’n, 79 F.3d 1415, 1430 (5th Cir. 1996) (en banc), superseded on other 

grounds by statute, 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) (extending the time to file objections from 

ten to fourteen days). 

In his objections, Plaintiff explains that he does not recall lawsuits styled 

Covarrubias v. Irving Police Department and Covarrubias v. Irving Mall Security—

two of Plaintiff’s previous strikes. Docket No. 6 at 2–3. But the docket sheets in 

Covarrubias v. Irving Police Department, case number 3:00-cv-1568 (N.D. Tex.) and 

Covarrubias v. Irving Mall Security, case number 3:00-cv-1521 (N.D. Tex.) list 

Jaime Covarrubias, TDCJ No. 939535, as plaintiff. According to the complaint in 

this case, Plaintiff here has the same name and TDCJ ID number. Docket No. 1 

at 1. While Plaintiff may well not recall these lawsuits, which concluded over 20 

years ago, the court records indicate that he is the same person who filed them. 

Because both of these cases were dismissed as frivolous, the Magistrate Judge 

properly counted them as strikes. 

Plaintiff objects to the third strike cited in the Report, Covarrubias v. Wallace, 

612 F. App’x 701, 2015 U.S. App. LEXIS 7767, 2015 WL 2182899 (5th Cir. May 11, 

2015), because the finding that the appeal was dismissed as frivolous is “debatable.” 

Docket No. 6 at 6. He argues that he was never granted leave to proceed in forma 

pauperis on appeal in that case, and so he simply challenged that denial. Plaintiff 

argues that this is not the same thing as “taking an appeal” and that it was his 

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challenge to the denial of IFP status, not an appeal, which was dismissed; according 

to Plaintiff, this should not count as a strike. Id. at 6–11. 

Not so. In Kay v. Bennett, 176 F. App’x 556 (5th Cir. 2006), plaintiff Lisa Kay 

sought leave to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal. In dismissing the appeal as 

frivolous based on that request, the Fifth Circuit explained: “The dismissal of this 

appeal as frivolous and the district court’s dismissal of the complaint as frivolous both 

count as strikes for purposes of 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g).” Id.

In Covarrubias’ appeal, as in Kay’s, the Fifth Circuit said that “by moving to 

proceed IFP, Covarrubias is challenging the district court’s certification that his 

appeal is not taken in good faith. Our inquiry into an appellant’s good faith is limited 

to whether the appeal involves legal points arguable on their merits (and therefore 

not frivolous). We may dismiss the appeal if it is frivolous.” Covarrubias, 612 F. 

App’x at 702 (internal citations omitted). The Fifth Circuit concluded that 

“Covarrubias has failed to show that his appeal involves any arguably meritorious 

issue. Accordingly, his motion for leave to proceed IFP on appeal is denied, and his 

appeal is dismissed as frivolous.” Id. (internal citations omitted). 

As in Kay, the Fifth Circuit specifically stated that Plaintiff’s motion for leave 

to proceed IFP on appeal was denied and the appeal was dismissed as frivolous 

because he did not show that his appeal involved any arguably meritorious issue. 

Plaintiff has offered no valid reason why his previous appeal should not count as a 

strike. See also Riley v. Towery, 176 F. App’x 557 (5th Cir. 2006) (denial of request to 

proceed IFP on appeal because the appeal involved no legal points arguable on their 

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merits amounted to the dismissal as frivolous of the appeal and thus counted as a 

strike); Hall v. Cain, 456 F. App’x 345 (5th Cir. 2011) (same); Butler v. Cole, 93 F. 

App’x 600 (5th Cir. 2004) (same). Thus, the Magistrate Judge correctly determined 

that Plaintiff has three strikes and is subject to the § 1915 (g) bar. 

Having conducted a de novo review of the record in this case and the 

Magistrate Judge’s Report, the Court has determined that the Report of the 

Magistrate Judge is correct, and Plaintiff’s objections are without merit. Accordingly, 

the Court hereby ADOPTS the Report of the Magistrate Judge (Docket No. 4) as the 

opinion of the District Court. Plaintiff’s motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis 

(Docket No. 2) is DENIED and Plaintiff’s claims in this case are DISMISSED with 

prejudice as to the filing of another in forma pauperis lawsuit raising the same claims, 

but without prejudice to the refiling of this lawsuit upon payment of the full $402.00 

filing fee or proof of imminent danger related to the allegations of the complaint. 

Should Plaintiff pay the full $402.00 filing fee within fifteen days of final judgment, 

he will be allowed to proceed in this lawsuit as though the full fee had been paid from 

the outset. 

So ORDERED and SIGNED this day of

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JEREMY D. KERNODLE

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 26th September, 2023.

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