EXHIBIT G

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Exhibit A-25

Invalidity Claim Chart for U.S. Patent No. 7,924,802 vs. U.S. Patent No. 8,416,879

U.S. Patent No. 8,416,879 (“Rofougaran”) was filed on March 15, 2006, published on June 7, 2007 (U.S. Patent Application No. 

2007/0127590), and issued on April 9, 2013. Rofougaran anticipates asserted claims 1–4, 6–10, 13, 14, 17, and 21–24 of U.S. Patent 

No. 7,924,802 (“the ’802 Patent”) under 35 U.S.C. § 102. Rofougaran also renders obvious asserted claims 1–4, 6–10, 13, 14, 17, and

21–24 of the ’802 Patent under 35 U.S.C. § 103, alone based on the state of the art and/or in combination with one or more other 

references identified in Exs. A-1–A-31, Cover Pleading, and First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

1

 

To the extent Plaintiff alleges that Rofougaran does not disclose any particular limitation of the asserted claims in the ’802 Patent, 

either expressly or inherently, it would have been obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art as of the priority date of the ’802

Patent to modify Rofougaran and/or to combine the teachings of Rofougaran with other prior art references, including but not limited 

to the present prior art references found in Exs. A-1–A-31, Cover Pleading, First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart, and the 

relevant section of charts for other prior art for the ’802 Patent in a manner that would render the asserted claims of these patents 

invalid as obvious.

With respect to the obviousness of the asserted claims of the ’802 Patent under 35 U.S.C. § 103, one or more of the principles 

enumerated by the United States Supreme Court in KSR v. Teleflex, 550 U.S. 398 (2007) apply, including: (a) combining various 

claimed elements known in the prior art according to known methods to yield a predictable result; and/or (b) making a simple 

substitution of one or more known elements for another to obtain a predictable result; and/or (c) using a known technique to improve a 

similar device or method in the same way; and/or (d) applying a known technique to a known device or method ready for 

improvement to yield a predictable result; and/or (e) choosing from a finite number of identified, predictable solutions with a 

reasonable expectation of success or, in other words, the solution was one which was “obvious to try”; and/or (f) a known work in one 

field of endeavor prompting variations of it for use either in the same field or a different field based on given design incentives or 

other market forces in which the variations were predictable to one of ordinary skill in the art; and/or (g) a teaching, suggestion, or 

motivation in the prior art that would have led one of ordinary skill in the art to modify the prior art reference or to combine the 

1

 Samsung is investigating this prior art and has not yet completed discovery from third parties, who may have relevant information 

concerning the prior art, and therefore, Samsung reserves the right to supplement this chart after additional discovery is received. To 

the extent that any of the prior art discloses the same or similar functionality or feature(s) of any of the accused products, Samsung

reserves the right to argue that said feature or functionality does not practice any limitation of any of the asserted claims, and to argue, 

in the alternative, that if said feature or functionality is found to practice any limitation of any of the asserted claims in the ’802 Patent, 

then the prior art reference teaches the limitation and that the claim is not patentable. 

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teachings of various prior art references to arrive at the claimed invention. It therefore would have been obvious to one of ordinary 

skill in the art to combine the disclosures of these references in accordance with the principles and rationales set forth above. 

The citations to portions of any reference in this chart are exemplary only. For example, a citation that refers to or discusses a figure or 

figure item should be understood to also incorporate by reference that figure and any additional descriptions of that figure as if set 

forth fully therein. Samsung reserves the right to rely on the entirety of the references cited in this chart to show that the asserted 

claims of the ’802 Patent are invalid. Citations presented for one claim limitation are expressly incorporated by reference into all 

other limitations for that claim as well as all limitations of all claims on which that claim depends. Samsung also reserves the right to 

rely on additional citations or sources of evidence that also may be applicable, or that may become applicable in light of cl aim 

construction, changes in Plaintiff’s infringement contentions, and/or information obta ined during discovery as the case progresses. 

Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

[1.1] A method of 

transmitting information in a 

wireless communication 

channel comprising:

To the extent the preamble is limiting, Rofougaran discloses “A method of transmitting information 

in a wireless communication channel comprising.” See, e.g.: 

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:36-3:6.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[1.2] transmitting first 

information across a first 

frequency range using a 

wireless transmitter, the first 

frequency range having a first 

center frequency, a first 

highest frequency, and a first 

lowest frequency; and

Rofougaran discloses “transmitting first information across a first frequency range using a wireless 

transmitter, the first frequency range having a first center frequency, a first highest frequency, and a 

first lowest frequency.” See, e.g.: 

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[1.3] simultaneously 

transmitting second 

information across a second 

frequency range using the 

same wireless transmitter, the 

second frequency range 

having a second center 

frequency greater than the 

Rofougaran discloses “simultaneously transmitting second information across a second frequency 

range using the same wireless transmitter, the second frequency range having a second center 

frequency greater than the first center frequency, a second highest frequency, and a second lowest 

frequency.” See, e.g.: 

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

first center frequency, a 

second highest frequency, and 

a second lowest frequency.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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Claim 1 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The s cope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utiliz ing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

Claim 2 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

[2.1] The method of claim 1 Rofougaran discloses all the elements of claim 1 for all the reasons provided above.

[2.2] wherein frequency 

difference between the first 

center frequency and the 

Rofougaran discloses “wherein frequency difference between the first center frequency and the 

second center frequency is greater than the sum of one-half the first frequency range and one-half the 

second frequency range.” See, e.g.: 

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second center frequency is 

greater than the sum of onehalf the first frequency range 

and one-half the second 

frequency range.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

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access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

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The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associate d with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

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in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

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Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

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baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

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The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

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a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

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distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequenc y 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectra lly shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

Claim 3 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

[3.1] The method of claim 1 Rofougaran discloses all the elements of claim 1 for all the reasons provided above.

[3.2] wherein the first and 

second information are 

transmitted using the same 

Rofougaran discloses “wherein the first and second information are transmitted using the same power 

amplifier in said wireless transmitter.” See, e.g.: 

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power amplifier in said 

wireless transmitter.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

Claim 4 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

[4.1] The method of claim 3 Rofougaran discloses all the elements of claim 3 for all the reasons provided above.

[4.2] wherein the bandwidth 

of said power amplifier is 

greater than the difference 

Rofougaran discloses “wherein the bandwidth of said power amplifier is greater than the difference 

between the first lowest frequency and the second highest frequency.” See, e.g.: 

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between the first lowest 

frequency and the second 

highest frequency.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

Claim 6 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

[6.1] The method of claim 1 Rofougaran discloses all the elements of claim 1 for all the reasons provided above.

[6.2] wherein the first 

information corresponds to a 

first wireless protocol and the 

Rofougaran discloses “wherein the first information corresponds to a first wireless protocol and the 

second information corresponds to a second wireless protocol.” See, e.g.: 

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second information 

corresponds to a second 

wireless protocol.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (o r device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally b e 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

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The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, f or example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

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baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

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802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

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FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

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system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

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The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

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The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

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[7.1] The method of claim 1 Rofougaran discloses all the elements of claim 1 for all the reasons provided above.

[7.2] wherein the first 

information and the second 

information are the same data 

transmitted across two 

different frequencies.

Rofougaran discloses “wherein the first information and the second information are the same data 

transmitted across two different frequencies.” See, e.g.: 

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

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wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

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second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

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The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

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module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) th at is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmissio n. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

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the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

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The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

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any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example , 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

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communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

Claim 8 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

[8.1] The method of claim 1 Rofougaran discloses all the elements of claim 1 for all the reasons provided above.

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[8.2] wherein the first 

information and the second 

information are from the same 

data stream.

Rofougaran discloses “wherein the first information and the second information are from the same 

data stream.” See, e.g.: 

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication de vices (e.g., 

cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

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communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

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signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

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simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

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output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

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FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communica tion 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

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communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

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various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

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[9.1] The method of claim 1 Rofougaran discloses all the elements of claim 1 for all the reasons provided above.

[9.2] wherein first information 

and second information 

comprise a plurality of OFDM 

symbols, wherein a first 

symbol is transmitted during a 

first time slot across the first 

frequency range and a second 

symbol is transmitted during 

the first time slot across the 

second frequency range, and 

wherein a third symbol is 

transmitted during a second 

time slot across the first 

frequency range and a fourth 

symbol is transmitted during 

the second time slot across a 

second frequency range.

Rofougaran discloses “wherein first information and second information comprise a plurality of 

OFDM symbols, wherein a first symbol is transmitted during a first time slot across the first 

frequency range and a second symbol is transmitted during the first time slot across the second 

frequency range, and wherein a third symbol is transmitted during a second time slot across the first 

frequency range and a fourth symbol is transmitted during the second time slot across a second 

frequency range.” See, e.g.: 

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

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IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to rece ive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, co rrespond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

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second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combine r 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

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associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, th e first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

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communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

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upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

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the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or sign al combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

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step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

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utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

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Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

Claim 10 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

[10.1] A method of 

transmitting information in a 

wireless communication 

channel comprising:

To the extent the preamble is limiting, Rofougaran discloses “A method of transmitting information 

in a wireless communication channel comprising.” See, e.g.: 

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

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communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may genera lly be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:36-3:6.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[10.2] receiving a first digital 

signal comprising first data to 

be transmitted;

Rofougaran discloses “receiving a first digital signal comprising first data to be transmitted.” See, 

e.g.: 

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hard ware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[10.3] receiving a second 

digital signal comprising 

second data to be transmitted;

Rofougaran discloses “receiving a second digital signal comprising second data to be transmitted.” 

See, e.g.: 

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[10.4] converting the first 

digital signal into a first 

analog signal using a first 

digital-to-analog converter, 

the first analog signal carrying 

the first data across a first 

frequency range;.

Rofougaran discloses “converting the first digital signal into a first analog signal using a first digitalto-analog converter, the first analog signal carrying the first data across a first frequency range.” See, 

e.g.: 

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinc t 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseb and signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[10.5] converting the second 

digital signal into a second 

analog signal using a second 

digital-to-analog converter, 

the second analog signal 

carrying the second data 

across a second frequency 

range;

Rofougaran discloses “converting the second digital signal into a second analog signal using a second 

digital-to-analog converter, the second analog signal carrying the second data across a second 

frequency range.” See, e.g.: 

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinc t 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interferenc e, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one o r more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any o r all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[10.6] up-converting the first 

analog signal to a first RF 

center frequency to produce a 

first up-converted analog 

signal, wherein the first upconverted analog signal 

comprises a first up-converted 

frequency range from the first 

Rofougaran discloses “up-converting the first analog signal to a first RF center frequency to produce 

a first up-converted analog signal, wherein the first up-converted analog signal comprises a first upconverted frequency range from the first RF center frequency minus one-half the first frequency 

range to the first RF center frequency plus one-half the first frequency range.” See, e.g.: 

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RF center frequency minus 

one-half the first frequency 

range to the first RF center 

frequency plus one-half the 

first frequency range;

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinc t 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interferenc e, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one o r more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any o r all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[10.7] up-converting the 

second analog signal to a 

second RF center frequency 

greater than the first center RF 

frequency to produce a second 

up-converted analog signal, 

wherein the second upconverted analog signal 

Rofougaran discloses “up-converting the second analog signal to a second RF center frequency 

greater than the first center RF frequency to produce a second up-converted analog signal, wherein 

the second up-converted analog signal comprises a second up-converted frequency range from the 

second RF center frequency minus one-half the second frequency range to the second RF center 

frequency plus one-half the second frequency range, and wherein a frequency difference between the 

first RF center frequency and the second RF center frequency is greater than the sum of one-half the 

first frequency range and one-half the second frequency range.” See, e.g.: 

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comprises a second upconverted frequency range 

from the second RF center 

frequency minus one-half the 

second frequency range to the 

second RF center frequency 

plus one-half the second 

frequency range, and wherein 

a frequency difference 

between the first RF center 

frequency and the second RF 

center frequency is greater 

than the sum of one-half the 

first frequency range and onehalf the second frequency 

range;

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independ ently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is d istinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or a ll 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[10.8] combining the first upconverted analog signal and 

the second up-converted 

analog signal to produce a 

combined up-converted 

signal;

Rofougaran discloses “combining the first up-converted analog signal and the second up-converted 

analog signal to produce a combined up-converted signal.” See, e.g.: 

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral plac ement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[10.9] amplifying the 

combined up-converted signal 

in a power amplifier resulting 

in an amplified combined upconverted signal; and

Rofougaran discloses “amplifying the combined up-converted signal in a power amplifier resulting in 

an amplified combined up-converted signal.” See, e.g.: 

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devic es (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, ref er to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need n ot always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perf orm spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 2 45, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite sign al. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[10.10] transmitting the 

amplified combined upconverted signal on a first 

antenna,

Rofougaran discloses “transmitting the amplified combined up-converted signal on a first antenna.” 

See, e.g.: 

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral plac ement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[10.11] wherein the 

bandwidth of said power 

amplifier is greater than the 

difference between a lowest 

frequency in the first upconverted frequency range 

and a highest frequency in the 

Rofougaran discloses “wherein the bandwidth of said power amplifier is greater than the difference 

between a lowest frequency in the first up-converted frequency range and a highest frequency in the 

second up-converted frequency range.” See, e.g.: 

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second up-converted 

frequency range.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on th e second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distin ct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

Claim 13 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

[13.1] The method of claim 10 Rofougaran discloses all the elements of claim 10 for all the reasons provided above.

[13.2] wherein the first digital 

signal is encoded using a first 

wireless protocol and the 

Rofougaran discloses “wherein the first digital signal is encoded using a first wireless protocol and 

the second digital signal is encoded using a second wireless protocol.” See, e.g.: 

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second digital signal is 

encoded using a second 

wireless protocol.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communicatio n 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

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The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

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baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associa ted 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

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802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

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FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

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system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

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The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

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The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiv ing a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

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[14.1] The method of claim 10 Rofougaran discloses all the elements of claim 10 for all the reasons provided above.

[14.2] wherein the second 

data is the same as the first 

data, the method further 

comprising:

Rofougaran discloses “wherein the second data is the same as the first data, the method further 

comprising.” See, e.g.: 

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

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The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such su bstantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

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where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output f rom 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

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associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

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The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spe ctrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 ad apted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

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230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communic ation 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

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corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for ex ample, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

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comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

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motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[14.3] receiving the 

transmitted signal on a second 

antenna;

Rofougaran discloses “receiving the transmitted signal on a second antenna.” See, e.g.: 

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these refe rences. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[14.4] amplifying the received 

signal in a low noise amplifier 

resulting in an amplified 

received up-converted signal, 

wherein the bandwidth of said 

low noise amplifier is greater 

than the difference between 

the lowest frequency in the 

Rofougaran discloses “amplifying the received signal in a low noise amplifier resulting in an 

amplified received up-converted signal, wherein the bandwidth of said low noise amplifier is greater 

than the difference between the lowest frequency in the first up-converted frequency range and the 

highest frequency in the second up-converted frequency range.” See, e.g.: 

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first up-converted frequency 

range and the highest 

frequency in the second upconverted frequency range;

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single compone nt 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustra te 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, co rrespond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 correspo nding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communica tion 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these refe rences. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[14.5] down-converting the 

amplified received upconverted signal using a first 

down-converter and a signal 

corresponding to the first RF 

center frequency to produce a 

fourth analog signal 

Rofougaran discloses “down-converting the amplified received up-converted signal using a first 

down-converter and a signal corresponding to the first RF center frequency to produce a fourth 

analog signal corresponding to the first analog signal.” See, e.g.: 

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corresponding to the first 

analog signal; and

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral p lacement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may f urther comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 a nd RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[14.6] down-converting the 

amplified received upconverted analog signal using 

a second down-converter and 

a signal corresponding to the 

second RF center frequency to 

produce a fifth analog signal 

Rofougaran discloses “down-converting the amplified received up-converted analog signal using a 

second down-converter and a signal corresponding to the second RF center frequency to produce a 

fifth analog signal corresponding to the second analog signal.” See, e.g.: 

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corresponding to the second 

analog signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the sec ond 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinc t 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral p lacement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

Claim 17 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

[17.1] A wireless 

communication system 

comprising:

To the extent the preamble is limiting, Rofougaran discloses “A wireless communication system 

comprising.” See, e.g.: 

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FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:36-3:6.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

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Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[17.2] a baseband digital 

system for providing a first 

digital signal comprising a 

first data to be transmitted and 

a second digital signal 

comprising a second data to 

be transmitted;

Rofougaran discloses “a baseband digital system for providing a first digital signal comprising a first 

data to be transmitted and a second digital signal comprising a second data to be transmitted .” See, 

e.g.: 

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or sign al combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[17.3] a first digital-to-analog 

converter for receiving the 

first digital signal and 

converting the first digital 

signal into a first analog 

signal, the first analog signal 

carrying the first data across a 

first frequency range;

Rofougaran discloses “a first digital-to-analog converter for receiving the first digital signal and 

converting the first digital signal into a first analog signal, the first analog signal carrying the first 

data across a first frequency range.” See, e.g.: 

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interferenc e, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one o r more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[17.4] a second digital-toanalog converter for receiving 

the second digital signal and 

converting the second digital 

signal into a second analog 

signal, the second analog 

signal carrying the second 

Rofougaran discloses “a second digital-to-analog converter for receiving the second digital signal and 

converting the second digital signal into a second analog signal, the second analog signal carrying the 

second data across a second frequency range.” See, e.g.: 

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data across a second 

frequency range;

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[17.5] a first up-converter 

circuit having a first input 

coupled to receive the first 

analog signal and a second 

input coupled to receive a first 

modulation signal having a 

first RF frequency, wherein 

the first up-converter outputs 

Rofougaran discloses “a first up-converter circuit having a first input coupled to receive the first 

analog signal and a second input coupled to receive a first modulation signal having a first RF 

frequency, wherein the first up-converter outputs a first up-converted analog signal comprising a first 

up-converted frequency range from the first RF frequency minus one-half the first frequency range to 

the first RF frequency plus one-half the first frequency range.” See, e.g.: 

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a first up-converted analog 

signal comprising a first upconverted frequency range 

from the first RF frequency 

minus one-half the first 

frequency range to the first 

RF frequency plus one-half 

the first frequency range;

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[17.6] a second up-converter 

circuit having a first input 

coupled to receive the second 

analog signal and a second 

input coupled to receive a 

second modulation signal 

having a second RF 

frequency, wherein the second 

Rofougaran discloses “a second up-converter circuit having a first input coupled to receive the 

second analog signal and a second input coupled to receive a second modulation signal having a 

second RF frequency, wherein the second up-converter outputs a second up-converted analog signal 

comprising a second up-converted frequency range from the second RF frequency minus one-half the 

second frequency range to the second RF frequency plus one-half the second frequency range, and 

wherein frequency difference between the first RF frequency and the second RF frequency is greater 

than the sum of one-half the first frequency range and one-half the second frequency range.” See, 

e.g.: 

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up-converter outputs a second 

up-converted analog signal 

comprising a second upconverted frequency range 

from the second RF frequency 

minus one-half the second 

frequency range to the second 

RF frequency plus one-half 

the second frequency range, 

and wherein frequency 

difference between the first 

RF frequency and the second 

RF frequency is greater than 

the sum of one-half the first 

frequency range and one-half 

the second frequency range; 

and

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinc t 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseb and signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[17.7] a power amplifier 

coupled to receive the first 

and second up-converted 

analog signals, wherein the 

bandwidth of the power 

amplifier is greater than the 

difference between a lowest 

frequency in the first upRofougaran discloses “a power amplifier coupled to receive the first and second up-converted analog 

signals, wherein the bandwidth of the power amplifier is greater than the difference between a lowest 

frequency in the first up-converted frequency range and a highest frequency in the second upconverted frequency range.” See, e.g.: 

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converted frequency range 

and a highest frequency in the 

second up-converted 

frequency range.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinc t 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleadin g and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

Claim 21 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

[21.1] The communication 

system of claim 17

Rofougaran discloses all the elements of claim 17 for all the reasons provided above.

[21.2] wherein the first data of 

the first digital signal is 

encoded using a first wireless 

Rofougaran discloses “wherein the first data of the first digital signal is encoded using a first wireless 

protocol and the first data of the second digital signal is encoded using a second wireless protocol.” 

See, e.g.: 

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protocol and the first data of 

the second digital signal is 

encoded using a second 

wireless protocol.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

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standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

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signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hard ware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combine r 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

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simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combin er 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, co rrespond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 correspo nding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

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output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analo g 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

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FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

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communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

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various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

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Claim 22 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

[22.1] The communication 

system of claim 17

Rofougaran discloses all the elements of claim 17 for all the reasons provided above.

[22.2] wherein the second 

data corresponds to the first 

data and wherein the power 

amplifier outputs a third upconverted signal comprising 

the up-converted first analog 

signal and the up-converted 

second analog signal.

Rofougaran discloses “wherein the second data corresponds to the first data and wherein the power 

amplifier outputs a third up-converted signal comprising the up-converted first analog signal and the 

up-converted second analog signal.” See, e.g.: 

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on th e second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distin ct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

Claim 23 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

[23.1] The communication 

system of claim 17

Rofougaran discloses all the elements of claim 17 for all the reasons provided above.

[23.2] wherein first and 

second data to be transmitted 

comprise a plurality of OFDM 

Rofougaran discloses “wherein first and second data to be transmitted comprise a plurality of OFDM 

symbols, wherein a first symbol is transmitted during a first time slot across the first up-converted 

frequency range and a second symbol is transmitted during the first time slot across the second up -

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symbols, wherein a first 

symbol is transmitted during a 

first time slot across the first 

up-converted frequency range 

and a second symbol is 

transmitted during the first 

time slot across the second 

up-converted frequency range, 

and wherein a third symbol is 

transmitted during a second 

time slot across the first upconverted frequency range 

and a fourth symbol is 

transmitted during the second 

time slot across a second upconverted frequency range.

converted frequency range, and wherein a third symbol is transmitted during a second time slot 

across the first up-converted frequency range and a fourth symbol is transmitted during the second 

time slot across a second up-converted frequency range.” See, e.g.: 

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communicatio n 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

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The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

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where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

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associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

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The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

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230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

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corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

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comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

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motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

Claim 24 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

[24.1] An electronic circuit 

comprising:

To the extent the preamble is limiting, Rofougaran discloses “An electronic circuit comprising.” See, 

e.g.: 

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

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etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:36-3:6.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

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motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[24.2] a first down-converter 

circuit having a first input 

coupled to receive a first upconverted signal, a second 

input coupled to receive a first 

demodulation signal having a 

first RF frequency, and an 

output, wherein the first 

down-converter circuit 

outputs a first down-converted 

signal on the first downconverter output;

Rofougaran discloses “a first down-converter circuit having a first input coupled to receive a first upconverted signal, a second input coupled to receive a first demodulation signal having a first RF 

frequency, and an output, wherein the first down-converter circuit outputs a first down-converted 

signal on the first down-converter output.” See, e.g.: 

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g., 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these reference s. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[24.3] a second downconverter circuit having a first 

input coupled to receive the 

first up-converted signal, a 

second input coupled to 

receive a second 

demodulation signal having a 

second RF frequency different 

Rofougaran discloses “a second down-converter circuit having a first input coupled to receive the 

first up-converted signal, a second input coupled to receive a second demodulation signal having a 

second RF frequency different than the first RF frequency, and an output, wherein the second downconverter outputs a second down-converted signal on the second down-converter output, wherein the 

first up-converted signal comprises a first signal modulated at the first RF frequency and a second 

signal modulated at the second RF frequency.” See, e.g.: 

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than the first RF frequency, 

and an output, wherein the 

second down-converter 

outputs a second downconverted signal on the 

second down-converter 

output, wherein the first upconverted signal comprises a 

first signal modulated at the 

first RF frequency and a 

second signal modulated at 

the second RF frequency; and

See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exemplary 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on the sec ond 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that 

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

[24.4] a filter having an input 

coupled to the output of the 

first down-converter and the 

output of the second downconverter, and in accordance 

therewith, the filter receives 

the first and second downconverted signals.

Rofougaran discloses “a filter having an input coupled to the output of the first down-converter and 

the output of the second down-converter, and in accordance therewith, the filter receives the first and 

second down-converted signals.” See, e.g.: 

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 2.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 5.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at Figure 7.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a portion of a first non-limiting exemplary communication system 100, 

in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system (or device) 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of communication systems/devices (e.g., multimode 

wireless communication devices). For example and without limitation, the communication system 

may comprise characteristics of any of a variety of mobile wireless communication devices (e.g., 

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cellular phones, paging devices, portable email devices, etc.). Also for example, the communication 

system may comprise characteristics of fixed communication systems or devices (e.g., network 

access points, base stations, satellites, wireless routers, set top boxes, etc.). Further for example, the 

communication system may comprise characteristics of a variety of electronic devices with wireless 

communication capability (e.g., televisions, music players, cameras, remote controls, personal digital 

assistants, handheld computers, gaming devices, etc.). Accordingly, the scope of various aspects of 

the present invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication systems or 

devices.

The following discussion will, at times, refer to various communication modes. A multimode 

communication device may, for example, be adapted to communicate in a plurality of such 

communication modes. For the following discussion, a communication mode may generally be 

considered to coincide with communication utilizing a particular communication protocol or 

standard. A non-limiting list of exemplary communication protocols includes various cellular 

communication protocols (e.g., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, TDMA, PDC, etc.), various 

wireless networking protocols or standards, including WLAN, WMAN, WPAN and WWAN (e.g., 

IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, UWB, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Zigbee, any WiFi protocol, 

etc.), various television communication standards, etc. The scope of various aspects of the present 

invention should not be limited by characteristics of particular communication modes or protocols, 

whether standard or proprietary.

The exemplary communication system 100 may comprise at least a first input 101 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to any of 

the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise at least a second input 102 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

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communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the second baseband 

signal may correspond to any of the previously mentioned communication protocols.

The first baseband signal and the second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or 

more modules (i.e., hardware and/or software modules) of the communication system 100. For 

example, such modules may generate the first and second baseband signals independently (e.g. , 

corresponding to independent respective communications). Alternatively, for example, such modules 

may generate the first and second baseband signals in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating 

independent respective communications or utilizing both the first and second baseband signals for a 

single communication).

The exemplary communication system 100 may additionally comprise a spectral placement module 

110 that is adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal (i.e., shift the frequency spectrum of 

the first baseband signal). In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 

may be adapted to spectrally shift the first baseband signal by, at least in part, spectrally shifting the 

first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially distinct from one or more 

frequency bands associated with the second baseband signal. Occupying such substantially distinct 

frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, be combined with the 

second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, relatively little 

interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to 

implement a frequency-hopping scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario, 

where there are one or more frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with the 

second baseband signal, the spectral placement module 110 may be adapted to shift the first baseband 

signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces (or bands) that are substantially distinct from the 

second frequency space.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 2:38-3:58.

The exemplary communication system 100 may also comprise a second spectral placement module 

120. Such a second spectral placement module 120 may, for example, share any or all characteristics 

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with the spectral placement module 110 discussed previously. The incorporation of such a second 

spectral placement module 120 may, for example, provide spectral shifting flexibility. For example, 

in such an exemplary configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be 

spectrally shifted to substantially distinct frequency spaces. Also for example, in such an exempla ry 

configuration, either or both of the first and second baseband signals may be frequency hopped. Note 

that though the second spectral placement module 120 is illustrated separate from the first spectral 

placement module 110, the second spectral placement module 120 may share any or all hardware 

and/or software components with the spectral placement module 110.

The exemplary communication system 100 may further comprise a signal combiner 130 that is 

adapted to generate a composite signal comprising various input signals to the signal combiner 130. 

For example, the composite signal may simultaneously (i.e., at an instant in time) comprise 

components associated with various input signals. Note that such simultaneity need not always be 

present. For example, at a first instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might 

comprise a plurality of components associated with a plurality of respective input signals, at a second 

instant in time, the signal output from the signal combiner 130 might comprise a single component 

associated with a single respective input signal, and at a third instant in time, the signal output from 

the signal combiner 130 might comprise no components.

In a first non-limiting exemplary scenario, the signal combiner 130 may receive a first signal that is 

based on the first baseband signal (e.g., associated with a first communication protocol). Also, the 

signal combiner 130 may receive a second signal that is based on the second baseband signal (e.g., 

associated with a second communication protocol). In such a scenario, the signal combiner 130 may 

combine the first and second signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal 

simultaneously comprises a first signal component based on the first baseband signal and a second 

signal component based on the second baseband signal. In such a scenario, for example where the 

frequency spectra of the first and second baseband signals do not overlap, the first and second 

baseband signals might not be spectrally shifted prior to combining by the signal combiner 130. In 

such a scenario, the spectral placement module 110 (and optionally, the second spectral placement 

module 120) may receive a control signal indicating whether or not to perform spectral shifting 

and/or to what degree spectral shifting should be implemented.

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See, e.g., Rofougaran at 4:16-67.

Various components of the exemplary communication system 100 (and other communication systems 

illustrated and discussed herein) may be implemented in analog and/or digital circuitry. To illustrate 

this, the exemplary communication system 100 is not shown with analog-to-digital converters 

(ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). FIGS. 4-6, to be discussed later, show various nonlimiting exemplary configurations including such converters.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a portion of a second non-limiting exemplary communication system 

200, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The communication system 200 

may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the communication 

system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 200 may comprise at least a first input 201 adapted to receive 

a first baseband signal. The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first 

communication protocol (e.g., any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or 

standards). For example and without limitation, the first baseband signal may correspond to the 

Bluetooth communication protocol. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 203 associated 

with the first baseband signal.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise at least a second input 202 adapted to 

receive a second baseband signal. The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a 

second communication protocol (e.g., a second communication protocol different from the first 

communication protocol discussed above). For example and without limitation, the first baseband 

signal may correspond to an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.11(b) or IEEE 

802.11(g)). FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 204 associated with the second baseband 

signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 5:64-6:31.

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In a non-limiting exemplary configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal combiner 230 receives a 

first signal from the spectral placement module 210 that is based on the spectrally shifted first 

baseband signal. Also, the signal combiner 230 receives a second signal that is based on th e second 

baseband signal. In such a configuration, the signal combiner 230 combines the first and second 

signals to generate a composite signal, where the composite signal simultaneously comprises a first 

signal component based on the spectrally shifted first baseband signal and a second signal component 

based on the second baseband signal (e.g., not spectrally shifted).

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 231 associated with the composite signal formed by 

the signal combiner 230. The spectrum 231 comprises a first portion 233 corresponding to the first 

signal component, and a second portion 232 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 233 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distin ct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 232.

The exemplary communication system 200 may also comprise an upconverter 240 adapted to 

upconvert a signal (e.g., the composite signal from the signal combiner 230) for transmission. The 

upconverter 240 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

upconverter 140 discussed previously.

The upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a mixer 247, a local oscillator 246 and one or more 

filters 248. The mixer 247 may, for example, receive the composite signal from the signal combiner 

230 and an RF mixing signal at frequency fRF from a local oscillator 246. The upconverter 240 may, 

for example, filter the upconverted signal from the mixer 247 with one or more filters 248. The 

output of the upconverter 240 may, for example, comprise a signal indicative of the composite signal 

spectrally shifted to an RF frequency.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frequency spectrum 241 associated with the RF signal formed by the 

upconverter 240. The frequency spectrum 241 comprises a first portion 243 corresponding to the first 

signal component and a second portion 242 corresponding to the second signal component. Note that 

the first portion 243 occupies a frequency space (e.g., one or more frequency bands) that is distinct 

from the frequency space occupied by the second portion 242. Also note that the first portion 243 and 

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second portion 242 might be formed with a first mirror portion 244 and second mirror portion 245, 

respectively. Note that a mirror portion may either be removed or may be kept for later processing.

The exemplary communication system 200 may further comprise a RF transmission stage 250 

adapted to transmit an RF signal. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for example and without 

limitation, share any or all characteristics with the RF transmission stage 150 discussed previously.

Such an RF signal may, for example, be associated with the composite signal output from the signal 

combiner 230 and upconverted by the upconverter 240. The RF transmission stage 250 may, for 

example and without limitation, comprise a power amplifier 252, antenna 254 and other components 

generally associated with RF signal transmission.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 6:66-7:57.

For example, the spectral placement module 510, optional second spectral placement module 520 and 

signal combiner 530 may operate in the analog domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 592 may 

convert the first baseband signal to the analog domain for processing by the spectral placement 

module 510. The second digital-to-analog converter 594 may convert the second baseband signal to 

the analog domain for processing by the second spectral placement module 520 or signal combiner 

530. The signal combiner 530 then combines signals in the analog domain to generate an analog 

composite signal, which is then upconverted and transmitted by the upconverter 540 and RF 

transmission stage 550, respectively.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 9:30-41.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a portion of a seventh non-limiting exemplary communication system 

700, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The exemplary communication 

system 700 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all characteristics with the 

exemplary systems 100-600 illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 and discussed previously.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise a first mixer 744 that receives a spectrally 

shifted first baseband signal from the spectral placement module 710 and a first RF mixing signal 

(e.g., a 2.446 GHz signal generally associated with the Bluetooth communication protocol) from a 

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first local oscillator 742. The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a second 

mixer 748 that receives a second baseband signal (or a spectrally shifted second baseband signal) and 

a second RF mixing signal (e.g., a 2.486 GHz signal generally associated with the IEEE 802.11(g) 

communication protocol) from a second local oscillator 746.

The exemplary communication system 700 may comprise an RF signal combiner 730 that is adapted 

to combine input RF signals. The RF signal combiner 730 may, for example, receive and combine the 

output signals from the first mixer 744 and second mixer 748 to generate an RF composite signal. 

The exemplary communication system 700 may also comprise a RF transmission stage 750 that

receives the RF composite signal from the RF signal combiner 730 and transmit the signal.

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 10:18-43.

The first baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a first communication protocol (e.g., any 

of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario where 

step 810 comprises receiving the first baseband signal, step 810 may comprise receiving the first 

baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The first baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

810 may, for example, comprise generating the first baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to an independent communication). Step 810 may alternatively, for example, comprise 

generating the first baseband signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective 

communications or utilizing both the first baseband signal and other baseband signals for a single 

communication).

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 820, comprise spectrally placing (or shifting) the first 

baseband signal (e.g., received at step 810). Step 820 may, for example and without limitation, share 

any or all functional characteristics with the spectral placement modules 110-710 of the exemplary 

systems 100-700 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously.

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Claim 24 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

Step 820 may, for example, comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal by, at least in part, 

spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to one or more frequency bands that are substantially 

distinct from one or more frequency bands associated with a second baseband signal. Occupying such 

substantially distinct frequency bands, the spectrally shifted first baseband signal may, for example, 

be combined with the second baseband signal for simultaneous transmission with no interference, 

relatively little interference, or an acceptable level of interference.

In a non-limiting exemplary scenario, step 820 may comprise implementing a frequency-hopping 

scheme with the first baseband signal. For example, in a scenario where there are one or more 

frequency bands (e.g., a second frequency space) associated with a second baseband signal, step 820 

may comprise spectrally shifting the first baseband signal to numerous consecutive frequency spaces 

(or bands) that are substantially distinct from the second frequency space.

In another non-limiting exemplary scenario, spectrally shifting the first baseband signal may result in 

the production of a spectral image (e.g., frequency content mirrored about a mixing frequency 

utilized to spectrally shift the first baseband signal). In such a scenario, step 820 may comprise 

accepting or rejecting the image.

In a scenario where an image is rejected, step 820 may comprise rejecting the image in any of a 

variety of manners. For example and without limitation, step 820 may comprise performing image 

reject mixing to spectrally shift the first baseband signal. Such image reject mixing generally 

comprises spectrally shifting a signal and rejecting an image associated with the spectrally shifted 

signal. Also for example, step 820 may comprise filtering out an unwanted image. The scope of 

various aspects of the present invention should not be limited by the utilization of image rejection or 

by any particular manner of performing such image rejection.

The exemplary method 800 may, at step 830, comprise generating and/or receiving a second 

baseband signal corresponding to a second communication protocol (e.g., different from the first 

communication protocol). Step 830 may, for example and without limitation, share any or all 

functional characteristics with the second input 102 of the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 

and discussed previously.

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Claim 24 of the ’802 Patent Prior Art Reference – Rofougaran

The second baseband signal may, for example, correspond to a second communication protocol (e.g., 

any of a variety of wireless communication protocols and/or standards). In an exemplary scenario 

where step 830 comprises receiving the second baseband signal, step 830 may comprise receiving the 

second baseband signal in any manner generally associated with receiving a baseband signal.

The second baseband signal may, for example, be generated by one or more modules (i.e., hardware 

and/or software modules) of a communication system implementing the exemplary method 800. Step 

830 may, for example, comprise generating the second baseband signal independently (e.g., 

corresponding to a communication independent of a communication associated with the first 

baseband signal). Step 830 may alternatively, for example, comprise generating the second baseband 

signal in a dependent manner (e.g., coordinating independent respective communications or utilizing 

both the second baseband signal and the first baseband signal for a single communication).

See, e.g., Rofougaran at 11:53-13:4.

Furthermore, this claim element is obvious in light of Rofougaran itself, when combined with any of 

the other references as charted for this claim element in Exs. A-1–A-31, First Supplemental Ex. AObviousness Chart, and/or when combined with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. 

Motivations to combine may come from the knowledge of the person of ordinary skill themselves, or 

from the known problems and predictable solutions as embodied in these references. Further 

motivations to combine references and additional details may be found in the Cover Pleading and 

First Supplemental Ex. A-Obviousness Chart.

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