* T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on a nd i s notpr e c e de nt e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by N i nth C i r . R . 36- 3. * * T he H on orabl e I rm a E . G on za l ez , C hi ef D i stri ctJudg e f

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NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

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A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e E a s te rn D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia O l i ve rW . W a gne r , D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d J une 15, 2010 S a n F r a n c is c o , C a lif

o rn ia B e f or e : S C H R O E D E R a nd B Y B E E , C i r c ui tJ udge s , a nd G O N Z A L E Z , ** D i stri ctJudg e. T e rry L . H a y e s appe a l s hi s j uryc onvi c t i ons a nd s e nt e nc e s f orni ne c ount s of m ai l fr aud and ai di ng and abett i ng , 18 U . S . C . §§ 13 41 and 2 , and o ne coun tof theft of gove rnm e ntpr ope rty a nd a i di ng a nd abe tt i ng, 18 U . S . C . §§ 641 a nd 2, by 

# FI LED JU L 29 2010 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

conceal i ng hi s r eturn t o w ork from the S oci al S ec uri ty A dm i ni stra t i on (“ S S A ”) w hi l e c ont i nui ng t o r e c e i ve di s abi l i tybe ne f i t s . W e ha ve j ur i s di c t i on pur s ua ntt o 28 U . S . C . § 1291, a nd w e a f f i rm . T he pa rt i e s a r e a w a r e of the f a c t s , a nd w e do not re st at e them here . T he e vi de nc e w a s s uf

f i c i e ntt o e s t abl i s h tha tH a y e s know i ngl yc onc e a l e d a m a te r ia l f

a c t. Se e J

a c k s o n v . V ir g in ia , 443 U . S . 307, 319 ( 1979) . T he gove rnm e nt pr e s e nt e d s ubs t a nt i a l e vi de nc e tha tH a y e s know i ngl yc onc e a l e d the f ul l e xt e ntof hi s e m pl oy m e ntbe tw e e n S e pt e m be r2000 a nd S e pt e m be r2003. A l though the S S A ’ s i nv es t i gat i on i n 2 00 2 reveal ed som e of H ay es ’ earni ng s, the S S A never l e a rne d the f

ul l e xt e ntof

hi s e m pl oy m e ntore a rni ngs unt i l a f t e ri ti s s ue d the b e n e f it c h e c k s th a t f

o rm th e b a s is o f

H a y e s ’ c o n v ic tio n s . T h u s , H a y e s ’ f a ilu r e to r e porthi s e m pl oy m e ntha d “ ana tur a l t e nde nc yt o i nf l ue nc e ” the de c i s i on of

the S S A t o i ss ue the checks t o H ay es , and h i s c on ce al m entof hi s e m pl oym entw as th e r e f o r e m a te r ia l. See Kun gys v . U ni ted Stat es , 4 8 5 U .S . 7 5 9 , 7 7 0 ( 1 9 8 8 ) . T here w as no abuse of di sc re t i on i n the di stri ctcourt ’ s e xcl usi on of expert te s tim o n y r e g a r d in g H a y e s ’ c o g n itiv e d is o r d e r , im p a ir e d m e m o ry , d if f ic u lty m anagi ng hi s f

i nances , and the ext entof hi s anx i ety di sorder s. T he expertw as p e rm itte d to te s tif

y a s to H a y e s ’ r e le v a n t im p a irm e n ts . T h e d is tr ic t c o u rt o n ly ex clu d ed testim o n y ab o u t co n clu sio n s th at w er e n o t su p p o rted b y th e e x p er t’ s3

re po rtor thatw ou l d n othave as si st ed the j ury i n d et erm i ni ng w hether H ay es kn ew h e h a d ad u tyto r e p o rt h is r e tu rn to w o rkto th e S S A . See F e d. R . E vi d. 702; U ni ted Stat es v. Moral es , 1 0 8 F .3 d 1 0 3 1 , 1 0 3 5 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 9 7 ) . T he evi dence of H ay es ’ previ ou s use of hi s s on ’ s s oci al se curi ty num ber w as p r o p e r lya d m itte d u n d e rF e d e r a l R u le o f E v id e n c e 4 0 4 ( b ) . See U ni ted Stat es v. G on zalez , 3 0 7 F . 3 d 9 0 6 , 9 0 9 (9 th C i r. 2 0 0 2 ). A l so , th e d i stri ctco u rtd i d n o tab u se i t s di sc re t i on i n excl ud i ng evi dence thatH ay es re ce i ved d i sabi l i ty pay m ent s a ft er h e w a s in d ic te d o rin r e f u s in g to ta k e ju d ic ia l n o tic e o f 4 2 U .S .C . § § 6 5 3 a n d 6 5 3 a . Se e i d. T he r e c or d s upport e d a l l the f a c t s a nd i nf

e r e nc e s tha tw e r e a r gue d bythe p r o s e c u to rin c lo s in g a r g u m e n t. T h e r e w a s n o m is c o n d u c t, a n d th e r e f o r e , n o p la in e rr o r . Se e U

ni te d State s v . O lano , 5 0 7 U .S . 7 2 5 , 7 3 2 ( 1 9 9 3 ) . T h e d is tr ic t c o u rt d id n o t e rrin im p o s in g a n e n h a n c e m e n t u n d e rU .S .S .G . § 2B 1. 1(b)(1)(D ), because the re cord es t abl i shed thatthere w as a l oss of m ore than $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 . See G al l

v. U ni ted Stat es , 55 2 U . S . 38 (200 7). B ecau se th ere w as n o erro r, n o cu m u l at i v e erro r ex i st s. See P arle v . R u n n e ls , 50 5 F . 3d 92 2, 92 8 (9th C i r. 20 07 ). AF F I RME D.