18-2845

Ramsundar v. Barr

BIA

A074 974 786

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER

FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF 

APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER 

IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN 

ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY 

ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals 

2 for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall 

3 United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of 

New York, on the 17th 4 day of August, two thousand twenty.

5

6 PRESENT:

7 GUIDO CALABRESI,

8 DENNY CHIN,

9 SUSAN L. CARNEY,

10 Circuit Judges.

11 _____________________________________

12

13 SHANTAL RAMSUNDAR,

14 Petitioner,

15

16 v. 18-2845

17 NAC

18 WILLIAM P. BARR, UNITED STATES

19 ATTORNEY GENERAL,

20 Respondent.

21 _____________________________________

22

23 FOR PETITIONER: Daniel E. Jackson, Erie County 

24 Bar Association, Volunteer Lawyers 

25 Project, Inc., Batavia, NY.

26

27 FOR RESPONDENT: Ethan P. Davis, Acting Assistant 

28 Attorney General; Keith I. 

29 McManus, Assistant Director; John 

30 F. Stanton, Trial Attorney, Office 

31 of Immigration Litigation, United 

32 States Department of Justice, 

33 Washington, DC.
2

1 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a 

2 Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision, it is hereby 

3 ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the petition for review 

4 is GRANTED.

5 Petitioner Shantal Ramsundar, a native and citizen of 

6 Trinidad and Tobago, seeks review of a September 18, 2018, 

7 decision of the BIA denying her motion to reopen. In re 

8 Shantal Ramsundar, No. A 074 974 786 (B.I.A. Sep. 18, 2018). 

9 We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts 

10 and procedural history.

11 As an initial matter, because Ramsundar has timely 

12 petitioned for review of the denial of a motion to reopen, 

13 but not from the underlying decision, we have reviewed only 

14 the denial of her motion to reopen. See Ke Zhen Zhao v. U.S. 

15 Dep’t of Justice, 265 F.3d 83, 89–90 (2d Cir. 2001). Our 

16 review would generally be limited to constitutional claims 

17 and questions of law because Ramsundar was ordered removed 

18 for aggravated felonies, see U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(C), (D), but 

19 it is not so limited here. Ramsundar requested reopening to 

20 apply for relief from removal under the Convention Against 

21 Torture (“CAT”). Accordingly, the jurisdictional limitation 

22 does not apply because a CAT claim is distinct from an order 
3

1 of removal. See Nasrallah v. Barr, 140 S. Ct. 1683, 1692–93

2 (2020); Sharif v. Barr, No. 965 F.3d 612, 619 (8th Cir. 2020) 

3 (noting that jurisdictional limit does not apply to motion to 

4 reopen CAT claim). “We review the denial of motions to reopen 

5 immigration proceedings for abuse of discretion.” Ali v. 

6 Gonzales, 448 F.3d 515, 517 (2d Cir. 2006).

7 To obtain reopening, a movant must present new, 

8 previously unavailable evidence that establishes her prima 

9 facie eligibility for the relief sought. See 8 C.F.R. 

10 § 1003.2(c)(1); INS v. Abudu, 485 U.S. 94, 104 (1988). The 

11 BIA did not address whether the evidence was previously 

12 unavailable but denied the motion because Ramsundar did not 

13 establish prima facie eligibility for relief. The issue is 

14 thus whether the BIA abused its discretion in reaching that 

15 conclusion. See Lin Zhong v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 480 F.3d 

16 104, 117 (2d Cir. 2007) (“a denial of immigration relief 

17 stands or falls on the reasons given by the IJ or BIA” 

18 (internal quotation marks and brackets omitted)).

19 To demonstrate prima facie eligibility for relief from 

20 removal, Ramsundar had to “show a ‘realistic chance’ that 

21 [s]he will be able to obtain such relief.” Jian Hui Shao v. 

22 Mukasey, 546 F.3d 138, 168 (2d Cir. 2008). CAT relief 
4

1 requires the applicant to show that she would more likely 

2 than not be tortured. 8 C.F.R. §§ 1208.16(c), 1208.17. 

3 Torture is defined in part as pain and suffering “inflicted 

4 by or at the instigation of or with the consent or 

5 acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in 

6 an official capacity.” Id. § 1208.18(a)(1). An applicant 

7 for CAT relief must establish that someone in her “particular 

8 alleged circumstances is more likely than not to be tortured.” 

9 Mu-Xing Wang v. Ashcroft, 320 F.3d 130, 144 (2d Cir. 2003) 

10 (emphasis omitted). With her motion to reopen, Ramsundar 

11 submitted a declaration from an expert, Dr. Nathan Pino, which 

12 was prepared for Ramsundar’s father’s removal proceedings, 

13 and a short supplemental declaration from Dr. Pino concerning 

14 her own case. 

15 We conclude that the BIA abused its discretion by not 

16 adequately explaining its conclusion that Ramsundar did not 

17 submit individualized evidence of her risk of torture. The 

18 BIA stated that Ramsundar “has not supported her claim that

19 [a terrorist organization] has an interest in harming her 

20 now, or submitted individualized evidence of risk of future 

21 torture.” However, Dr. Pino explained that Ramsundar’s 

22 father was exposed as an informant for federal agencies, 
5

1 “making himself and his family vulnerable to retaliation from 

2 those that he had helped put behind bars,” which included 

3 members of a terrorist organization operating in Trinidad and 

4 Tobago. Dr. Pino further noted that Ramsundar’s father’s 

5 informant activities occurred recently, social networks in 

6 Trinidad and Tobago are stable and long lasting, and that 

7 Ramsundar’s father would be in danger if he returned to 

8 Trinidad and Tobago. Dr. Pino concluded that “all of the 

9 dangers the father would face will equally apply to the 

10 daughter.” Thus, the BIA erred in stating that Ramsundar did 

11 not present individualized evidence without explaining why it 

12 was discounting Dr. Pino’s conclusion that the terrorist 

13 organization would target Ramsundar because of her father.

14 The BIA noted that Ramsundar’s evidence was not 

15 “persuasive.” Normally, “[w]e defer to the agency’s 

16 determination of the weight afforded to an alien’s 

17 documentary evidence.” Y.C. v. Holder, 741 F.3d 324, 334 (2d 

18 Cir. 2013). However, the BIA did not make any credibility 

19 findings or otherwise indicate that Dr. Pino’s conclusion was 

20 suspect or based on suspect information. “[W]e require a 

21 certain minimum level of analysis from the . . . BIA . . . if 

22 judicial review is to be meaningful” and “we also require 
6

1 some indication that the [agency] considered material 

2 evidence supporting a petitioner’s claim.” Poradisova v. 

3 Gonzales, 420 F.3d 70, 77 (2d Cir. 2005). Thus, although 

4 there may be grounds for the BIA to give diminished weight to 

5 Dr. Pino’s declaration, we are limited to the reasons given 

6 by the BIA, and the BIA did not explain why it did not find 

7 Dr. Pino’s conclusions persuasive. See Lin Zhong, 480 F.3d 

8 at 122. On remand, should the BIA again deny reopening, it 

9 should explain its conclusions regarding Dr. Pino’s 

10 declarations and should consider the declarations and 

11 Ramsundar’s claims in their totality, i.e., in the event she 

12 has established a realistic chance of torture, whether her 

13 sexual orientation and criminal history increase the 

14 likelihood that the government will acquiesce to that 

15 torture. See Poradisova, 420 F.3d at 77. 

16 Because we remand on this basis, we do not reach whether 

17 the BIA erred in concluding Dr. Pino’s declaration would not 

18 affect the agency’s previous determination that Ramsundar did 

19 not merit a waiver of inadmissibility under 8 U.S.C. 

20 § 1159(c). See INS v. Bagamasbad, 429 U.S. 24, 25 (1976) 

21 (“As a general rule courts and agencies are not required to 

22 make findings on issues the decision of which is unnecessary 
7

1 to the results they reach.”).

2 For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is 

3 GRANTED, the BIA’s decision is VACATED, and the case is 

4 REMANDED for further proceedings consistent with this 

5 order. All pending motions and applications are DENIED and 

6 stays VACATED.

7 FOR THE COURT: 

8 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, 

9 Clerk of Court