Exhibit 2

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US008275413B1 

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,275,413 B1 

Fraden et al. (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 25, 2012 

(54) WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICE 3. R ck 338 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374,131 

- WW Ohnston 

WITH INTEGRATED ELECTROMAGNETC 6,934,515 B2 * 8/2005 Wallach ..................... 455/67.13 

RADATION SENSORS 6,992,580 B2 * 1/2006 Kotzin et al. ............ 340/539.11 

7,545,269 B2 * 6/2009 Craig et al. ... ... 340,539.26 

(75) Inventors: Jacob Fraden, San Diego, CA (US); 7,576,785 B2 * 8/2009 Jung et al. .................. 348,227.1 

7,611,278 B2 11/2009 Hollander et al. David A. Pintsov, San Diego, CA (US) 7,947,222 B2 5/2011 Bae et al. 

7,960,700 B2 * 6/2011 Craig et al. .............. 250,370.01 (73) Assignee: Fraden Corp., San Diego, CA (US) 2005/0272468 A1* 12/2005 Tsai et al. .................. 455,556.1 

2007/0129.105 A1 6, 2007 Shen 

(*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2007/0282218 A1 12/2007 Yarden 

patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2010O125438 Al 5, 2010 Audet 

U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. * cited by examiner 

(21) Appl. No.: 13/303,054 Primary Examiner — Sonny Trinh 

(22) Filed: Nov. 22, 2011 (57) ABSTRACT 

O O A hand-held mobile communication device, Such as Smart 

Related U.S. Application Data telephone, incorporating sensors and signal conditioning 

60) Provisional application No. 61/627.070, filed on Sep. modules for measuring signals from external sources of elec (60) ya applicauon No U/U, Illed on Sep tromagnetic radiation (EMR) in the low, radio, ultraviolet, 

s and infrared spectral ranges. These include the detector for 

(51) Int. Cl receiving and monitoring electromagnetic fields originating 

H04M I/00 (2006.01) from various external sources of radiation that pose potential 

H04B I/I6 (2006.015 health hazards or may interfere with various electronic 

(52) U.S. Cl 455/556.1455/344 devices. The mobile phone equipped with Such sensors could 

58 Fi ld f c - - - - - ificati- - - - - -s - - - - - - - h- - - 45 5/556.1 alternate between communication and monitoring functions. 

(58) Field of Classifica ". Stars 5501.671 1423 344 Other integrated EMR sensors are a photodiode for the ultra 

S lication file f l • us hhi s 1 - 9 violet detection to monitor the user's Sun exposure and a 

ee application file for complete search history. thermopile for non-contact measurement of temperature of 

(56) References Cited humans or inanimate objects. This infrared sensor in combi 

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 

3,971,943 A 7, 1976 Jeunehomme 

4,854,730 A 8, 1989 Fraden 

4,986,672 A 1/1991 Beynon 

5,592,148 A 1/1997 Morales 

6,594,494 B1* 7/2003 Kakehi ......................... 455,437 

nation with a photographic digital camera and a pattern rec 

ognition signal processing allows measuring temperatures at 

specific locations and from optimal distances to the Surface of 

the object to enhance accuracy of non-contact temperature 

measurementS. 

17 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets 

 

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3 

6,906,663, issued to Johnston incorporated here as a refer 

ence, that teaches an antenna, power meter, signal equalizer 

and other components. 

Therefore, a goal of the present invention is to combine 

functionalities of the built-in digital photo camera, a non 

contact thermometer and a pattern recognition algorithm for 

guiding the user for a proper positioning of the mobile com 

munication device, thus insuring the optimal conditions for 

obtaining a reliable temperature measurement. 

Another goal of this invention is to utilize the wireless 

capabilities of a mobile communication device for detecting 

and measuring the EMF signals for the purpose of assessing 

levels of ambient radiation. 

And another goal of this invention is to integrate a UV 

detector with a mobile communication device. Further goals 

of the invention will be apparent from the foregoing descrip 

tion of preferred embodiments. 

2. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 

A mobile communication device incorporates one or more 

sensing means for receiving and processing the EMF signals 

of different spectral ranges. Different spectral ranges require 

different types of sensors. For detecting the ambient electro 

magnetic radiation pollution in a low and radio frequency 

ranges an antenna is employed, preferably the same antenna 

that is used for a mobile communication. For the UV range a 

special photo-diode is used, while for a non-contact tempera 

ture measurement the electro-magnetic radiation is detected 

by a thermopile. When the electro-magnetic radiation pollu 

tion reaches a predetermined threshold, an alarm is generated 

to alert the user. 

A digital camera of the mobile phone continuously obtains 

images of the external object, Such as a human face, processes 

the images for identifying facial landmarks and guides the 

user towards the optimal aim of the thermal radiation sensor 

at the pre-identified area of the face in relation to the land 

marks. The obtained thermal signal is processed by the micro 

processor for computation, display and transmission oftem 

perature data. 

3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 

FIG. 1 shows a cell phone back side (left) and front side 

(right) having an IR lens and video lens. 

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the cell phone 

with an IR and video sensors. 

FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the IR sensor. 

FIG. 4 shows three photographic images for three distances 

from the subject: too far (A), too close (B) and normal (C). 

FIG. 5 illustrates positioning of IR sensor field of view in 

relationship to the subject’s eye. 

FIG. 6. shows part of a building with the field of view of an 

IR sensor. 

FIG. 7 illustrates the photographic image of the building 

structure with the temperature indication prepared for trans 

mitting via the communication link 

FIG. 8 shows an image of the Subject Superimposed on a 

multi-pixel IR sensor fields of view. 

FIG. 9 is a simplified block-diagram of the cellphone with 

IR sensor. 

FIG. 10 depicts an algorithm for the digital image process 

ing and landmark recognition. 

FIG. 11 shows a target on the image of the subject. 

FIG. 12 illustrates a block-diagram of the EMF detecting 

module. 

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED 

EMBODIMENTS 

A mobile communication device. Such as cellular tele 

phone having a digital imaging photo camera, among other 

components incorporates a non-contact temperature module. 

The module includes the infrared (IR) temperature detector, 

optical elements, reference temperature sensor and other rel 

evant components known in art. 

The central problem in non-contact temperature measure 

ment is finding a location on the Surface of the Subject or 

object that is best suited for such measurement that is free 

from various obstructions and occlusions such as clothing, 

hair, decorations, etc. Furthermore, due to limitations of the 

optical components, the non-contact IR sensor should be 

positioned within a specific range of distances from the Sur 

face of the object where temperatures are measured. On the 

human face, these locations include the area of the temple 

within about 1 cm of the corner of the eye and the area of the 

forehead above the root of the nose between the eyes. The 

optimal range of distances between the Surface of the skin and 

the IR sensor is between 2 and 10 cm. The present invention 

utilizes the imaging capabilities of a camera-equipped com 

munication device to assist in accurate positioning of the sensor embedded into the communication device. The inven 

tion provides the device's operator with a sound and visual 

indicators signaling by way offeedback the optimal position 

of the embedded sensor for taking temperature measurement. 

This feedback is suitable for both taking the operator's own 

temperature as well as taking the temperature of another 

person. FIG. 1 illustrates the back 3 and front 2 sides of the 

mobile communication device 1. The lens 6 of the digital photographic camera is positioned alongside with the lens 7 

of an IR sensor. The phone 1 contains a display 4 and either 

hard or soft keys 5 positioned on the monitor 12. The speaker 

11 can provide an audio feedback either by spoken voice or 

tone. The antenna 30 (shown by a dotted line) typically is 

positioned inside the housing but in Some cases may protrude 

outwardly (not shown). 

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the wireless communication 

device that incorporates the present invention. Power supply 

27 is a source of energy for all components of the device. The 

microprocessor 26 (computational means that may include 

memory) controls all external components and performs nec 

essary computation and image pattern recognition according 

to the algorithms described below. IR sensor 15 is appended with a signal conditioning circuit 25 whose purpose is to 

match the sensor's 15 output signal format with the input 

format of the microprocessor 26. Imaging sensor 16 is part of 

the imaging circuit. Monitor 12 displays visual information, 

while the speaker 11 provides audible feedback. The wireless 

communication module 29 that generally incorporates radio 

transmitter/receiver along with the antenna 30 performs wire 

less communication. Other essential components (like micro 

phone, e.g.) that are part of the communication device but not 

required for functions of the current invention, are not shown 

for clarity. 

FIG. 2 shows two sensors: the IR sensor 15 and the photo imaging digital sensor 16 positioned on the circuit board 14 

inside the phone housing 13. Note that the IR lens 7 is situated 

substantially flash with the surface of the housing 13. As a 

rule, the angle of view 18 of the imaging sensor 16 is much 

wider than the angle of view 17 of the IR sensor 15. Thus the 

field of view 70 of the IR sensor 15 is much smaller than the 

field of view 71 of the imaging sensor 16. The smaller field of 

view 70 is part of the larger field of view 71. For example, the 

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angle of view 18 may be in the range of 90°, while the angle 

of view 17 is between 0 and 15°. 

FIG.3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an IR sensor 15. 

It incorporates a thermopile element 21 positioned inside the 

metal housing 19. A reference temperature sensor 22 moni 

tors temperature of the substrate 20. Note that the angle of 

view 17 is controlled by the IR focusing lens 7 that may be 

fabricated from silicon or germanium, preferably coated with 

the anti-reflective (AR) coating. The lens 7 focusing proper 

ties are achievable either by forming at least one convex 

surface or by etching into the lens the Fresnel grooves. An IR 

lens 7 is fabricated of a material suitable for operating in the 

mid and far infrared spectral ranges. Suitable materials are 

silicon and germanium. In some embodiments, instead of lens 

7, a reflective focusing system may be employed. An example 

is a curved (parabolic) minor. These design options are well 

known in the art and beyond the scope of this disclosure and 

thus are not discussed herein in detail. The IR (thermal radia 

tion) sensors are also well known in the art (see, for example, 

J. Fraden “Handbook of modern sensors'', 4' ed., Springer Verlag, 2010, incorporated herein as a reference). The skin 

temperature is computed from signals generated by an IR 

sensing thermopile element 21 and the ambient reference sensor 22. 

While temperature of the human skin differs significantly 

from the inner (core) temperature of the human body, there are well known in the art methods for conversion of the skin 

temperature to the inner temperature of the body (e.g. U.S. 

Patent publication No. 2007/0282218 issued to Yarden). 

Therefore, these methods are not described here. 

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, 

images of the face of the subject oftemperature measurement 

are taken by the communication device's camera as the opera 

tor (user) moves the camera towards the object's face and 

across the face. These images can be taken with a pre-defined 

frequency, e.g., 5 frames a second or 10 frames a second or 

any other frequency that insures that at least one image is 

obtained when the embedded infrared sensor is within 2-10 

cm distance from the temple or forehead. A conventional IR 

sensor contains a single sensitive pixel (thermopile 21 in FIG. 

3) that collects IR signal from the surface whose optical image is formed by the multi-pixel photographic sensor 16. 

The present invention teaches how to achieve aiming of the 

IR temperature sensor at a correct location on the Surface of 

the object together with an optimal distance between the 

sensor and the surface of the object at which the temperature 

should be taken. This can be accomplished by two methods 

that are described in detail below. One method is based on 

automated, computer assisted, guidance of the user aiming 

the IR temperature sensor and the other method is based on a 

manual guidance. 

FIG. 4 shows the subjects face with the preferred IR spot 

24 being located near the eye 23. 

This spot 24 is the area of the skin from which the IR signal 

should be collected for better accuracy of measurement. The 

eye 23 has a distinct shape and its size varies only slightly over 

the human population. Thus, optical images of facial features 

Such as eyes 23 can serve as “landmarks' that can guide the 

feedback system to help in correctly aiming the IR lens 7 

toward the preferred location on the skin surface. The image processing of the face image allows the measurements taken 

at the optimal range of distances from the skin. FIG. 4-A 

shows an image of a human face taken from too large a 

distance for accurate measurement of the temperature due to 

interferences from the stray elements such as hair, clothing, 

decorations, etc. which enter the field of view 38 of the IR SSO. 

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FIG. 4-B illustrates an image taken too close to the skin. 

While a very short distance under ideal conditions would not 

result in the increased measurement error, there is a possibil ity of touching the skin by the mobile communication device 

and thus cooling its Surface. That may cause an excessively 

low temperature reading. FIG. 4-C shows an image formed 

from an optimal distance to the skin surface where the IR field 

of view 38 covers substantially the preferred IR spot 24 with 

minimal inclusion of stray elements. The photo image from 

the digital image sensor provides the necessary pattern rec 

ognition features to determine both the optimal location of the 

IR field of view 38 on the face image 35 (FIG. 5), and the 

correct distance from the IR sensor to the skin. FIG. 5 illus 

trates the correct size 39 of the eye 36 in the image, while 

dimensions 40 and 41 designate the distances from the center 

of the IR field of view 38 to the eye 36. 

Computer-Assisted Aiming of IR Sensor 

A key component of the present invention is the combined 

use of both the IR and the photo sensors in a manner that 

assures that the IR measuring location is automatically found 

by the system from the optical images of the Subject’s face. 

This assisted guidance is especially beneficial when the user 

takes temperature of herself due to her limited ability to 

observe the display 4 (FIG.1), and is accomplished by finding 

landmarks on the human face that can be used for automated 

guidance of the IR sensor. 

Locating features ("landmarks' in our terminology here) 

present in the images of human faces can be accomplished by 

various methods known in art, e.g.: www.cs.princeton.edu/ courses/archive/fall08/cos436/FinalReports/Eye Gesture 

Recognition.pdf incorporated as a reference herein. 

Another method that can be used for frontal eye detection 

was published in P. Wang, M. B. Green, Q. Ji, and J. Wayman 

“Automatic Eye Detection and Its Validation.” Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop, 2005, CVPR 

Workshops, IEEE Computer Society, Conference on, Vol. 03, 

23-25 Jun. 2005, pp 164-172. 

Here we describe the template matching or cross-correla 

tion method of recognition as follows. 

The color images from a digital camera are suitably pre 

processed to provide binary (bitonal, black and white) images 

that allow a faster execution time of the Subsequent algo 

rithms. FIG. 10 illustrates a basic flowchart of a recognition algorithm for landmarks such as eyebrows or eyelids. In the 

image pre-processing step, the image is first run through an 

edge detector Such as Canny edge detector (Canny J., “Find 

ing Edges and Lines in Images', MIT AI Laboratory Techni 

cal Report, 720, June, 1983 incorporated here as a reference), 

resulting in a binary image. (FIG. 10, step 53). Once this 

pre-processed image is obtained, the system searches for 

certain landmarks in this image. In the frontal image of the 

subject’s face, these landmarks could be certain facial fea 

tures such as the eyebrows, the iris with the pupil of both eyes, 

or the eyelids of the subject. In the profile image, the eyelids, 

the iris with the pupil and the eyebrows are sought for one eye. 

In the case of a profile image of the face, only a partial view 

of facial features is available the fact that suits the template matching approach. 

While the template matching approach can utilize various 

templates, there are computational advantages in using the 

templates of elliptical shape as described in D. A. Pintsov, 

Invariant pattern recognition, symmetry and Radon trans 

forms, J. of Opt. Soc. of America, A, 1989, Vol. 6, No. 10, pp. 

1544-1554, incorporated as a reference herein. 

The described facial landmarks can be approximated by elliptical templates with variable major and minor axes since 

these landmarks have the shapes of partial ellipses. The 

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7 

ranges of axes lengths are found from the size of the corre 

sponding facial features and the resolution of the camera FIG. 

10, Step 55. The use of elliptic templates of elastic shape (see 

D. A. Pintsov, as above) is illustrated in FIG. 10, step 57. 

The template matching via cross-correlation with an ellip 

tic template with axes of varying sizes locates the partial 

eyebrows and the contour of the eye (upper and lower eyelids) 

as depicted in FIG. 10, step 57, since coordinates of these 

landmarks are local maxima of the cross-correlation function 

(see D. A. Pintsov, as above). As observed above, the param 

eters of this template (major and minor axes) are restricted to 

the admissible range of sizes commensurate with the range of 

sizes of the corresponding facial features. Depending on the 

power of the microprocessor employed in the communication 

device, it is desirable to locate more than one feature (both the 

eyebrow and the contour of the eye). If the values of the local 

maxima exceed the predetermined thresholds that reflect the 

minimal acceptable number of pixels lying on the eyebrows 

and the visible contour of the eye, the system accepts the 

found features (leading to step 63 in FIG. 10), otherwise the 

landmarks are not found and the input image of the face is 

rejected (FIG. 10, step 61). Finally, as in step 63, FIG. 10, the 

calculated positions of the eyebrow and the eyelids must be 

consistent since the eyebrow must be located above the eye, 

which the system verifies. 

Partial ellipses 60 and 50 found by the template matching 

algorithm are shown in FIG. 5 superimposed on the actual 

contours of the eyebrow 37 and the eye 36, respectively. Use 

of more than one ellipse increases reliability of the recogni 

tion. 

Since the average dimensions of these facial features are 

known together with the parameters of the camera lens of the 

mobile device (resolution, focal length, etc.) the size of the 

detected facial features permits finding the optimal distance 

to the object for a more accurate temperature measurement. 

When the detected feature size is smaller than the appropriate 

size of the image of a facial feature under known camera 

resolution, the distance is too large. Similarly, when the fea 

ture is larger than expected with the known camera resolution, 

the distance is too short. When the detected and the expected sizes are substantially the same, the distance is nearly opti 

mal. 

Another feature of the present invention is its ability of 

measuring the Surface temperature of inanimate objects. 

Examples of Such objects are the building structures and 

machinery having non-reflective Surfaces in the IR spectral 

range of 5-15 micrometers. FIG. 6 illustrates a building door 

where the IR field of view 33 is superimposed on the area of 

interest whose temperature is to be measured. The resulting photo image can be combined with the computed temperature 

34 (FIG. 7) for wireless transmission over the communication 

line to a remote location. The methods for calculating tem 

peratures of human body and of non-metallic Surfaces of 

inanimate objects are different and well known in the art and 

thus can be employed in the corresponding operating modes 

of the device. To Switch between the human and non-human 

operating modes, a keyboard 5 can be used. 

Once the aim of the IR sensor (the calculated position of the 

sensor) is determined, Voice or image guidance from the 

device's output components (a speaker and/or display) assists 

the user in positioning the device for taking accurate tempera 

ture measurements. This assistance instructs the user how to 

move the mobile communication device: closer, further, left, 

right, up, down, etc. When the correct location is detected, a 

temperature reading is automatically taken, Surface tempera 

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ture is computed and shown on display 4, or spoken via the 

speaker 11 (FIG. 1), or transmitted by the wireless commu 

nication module 29 (FIG.9). 

In another embodiment of the present invention, a more 

complex multi-pixel IR sensor can be employed instead of a 

single-pixel IR sensor. In this case, the thermopile 21 (FIG.3) 

can be divided into a plurality of areas (IR pixels) that will 

form separate images from adjacent locations on the mea 

sured surface. FIG. 8 illustrates a multi-pixel IR image with 

the individual pixels 42 (total 12 in this example) that are 

Superimposed onto the image of the Subject's face. After the 

landmark (an eye 36, e.g.) is identified automatically, the best 

IR pixels 43 will be used for measuring and computing tem 

perature. The best here means located at an optimal for tem 

perature measurement portion of the head. Other spurious pixels 37 that are either at a wrong location or containing 

obstructions, such as an eyebrow or part of nose, are excluded 

from computation. 

In case when temperature is taken from a portion of a 

human body, e.g. a head, the inner body temperature can be 

computed from the skin temperature by employing one of 

known in the art methods. 

Manual Aiming of IR Sensor 

When the display of the mobile device is visible by the 

operator measuring the temperature (the user), which is the 

case when the operator takes the temperature of another Sub 

ject rather than of herself, the following embodiment of the 

present invention is advantageous for ease of implementation. 

The device's display has a designated area that is demarcated 

by a special graphical element. This element is a circular or 

rectangular target 74 illustrated in FIG. 11. Other shapes may 

be employed. The target 74 substantially coincides with the 

IR sensor's field of view 70 (FIG. 2). The operator manually 

aims the device at the object (e.g. at the head 73). When the 

target 74 is Superimposed on the area of an object selected for 

temperature measurement and the target 74 approximately 

encompasses an outline of the selected area, the IR sensor in 

terms of a location and distance is properly positioned for 

taking the temperature measurement. The net result is the 

same as with the computer-assisted method of aiming the IR 

lens at the optimal position38 (FIG.5) of the IR field of view, for example, on the Subject temple. 

Yet another feature of the present invention lies in the 

ability of the microprocessor to record and store the tempera 

ture measurements over a desired period of time and transmit 

via communication abilities of the device any desired data to 

a medical facility or personnel. This assembly of data can be 

plotted on the display in form of a time chart. If the commu 

nication device is equipped with a Global Positioning System 

(GPS) another advantage the present invention derives from 

using this GPS is locating the nearest to the user pharmacy 

and directing the user to this pharmacy to obtain the necessary 

drug if the temperature level warrants such an action, that is 

when the measured temperature exceeds a pre-defined thresh 

old stored in the computational means. 

UV Monitoring 

A personal UV monitor may be useful for managing expo 

Sure to Sun, for example for beach goers. For the purpose of 

monitoring levels of the UV radiation, a separate sensorsen 

sitive in the range can be installed into the mobile communi 

cation device, however, its location with respect to the pho 

tographic camera is not as critical as for the IR sensor. It is 

important that the sensors window can be exposed to the 

outside. This window should be fabricated from a material 

Substantially transparent in the UV spectral range. Examples 

of the window materials are compressed inorganic salts of 

alkaline earth metals, such as KBr. The UV sensor in effect is 

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a photo-detector whose sensitivity in enhanced in the UV 

region. A signal received from the UV sensor should be 

digitized, its magnitude computed and integrated over a pre 

determined time by the microprocessor 26. This allows moni 

toring a cumulative effect of the Sun exposure. A continuous 

integration however my not be practical when the UV sensor 

is incorporated with a mobile communication device that is 

not exposed to Sun over the same period as the user. In other 

words, the cell phone is not laying under the Sun while the 

user is Sunbathing. This can be resolved by taking several 

samples of the Sun UV radiation, for example, at the begin 

ning, middle and end of exposure. Then the computational 

means (microprocessor 26) can interpolate the UV levels 

between the sample points (and can even extrapolate beyond 

a specific point) and compute an estimated integral level of 

the UV exposure. An alarm may be activated when the cumu 

lative level of exposure reaches a pre-determined threshold 

stored in the computational means. The instantaneous 

samples of the UV radiation may be used by a computational 

means for Suggesting a Sufficient grade of the UV protection 

lotion. 

EMF Pollution Monitoring 

Another important function of a mobile communication 

device that can be accomplished according to the present 

invention is detection of ambient EMF intensity in the low 

frequency (LF) and radio frequency (RF) ranges. This 

embodiment takes advantage of the antenna that is always 

present in the mobile device. The antenna serves as a sensor of 

the EMF radiation when not used for communication. FIG.9 

shows the following components used for detecting EMF: the 

antenna switch 81 and the EMF power measurement module 

82, both being controlled by the microprocessor 26 which is 

a computational means. When the mobile communication 

device is not in a signal transmission state and antenna 30 

doesn’t radiate, it can be used for a broadband reception of 

external LF and RF EMF signals. On command from micro 

processor 26, Switch 81 directs receiving EMF signals to the 

power measurement module 82 that feeds microprocessor 26 

with a digital signal representing the EMF magnitude in 

vicinity of antenna 30. The microprocessor compares the 

magnitude with a pre-determined threshold and if the mag 

nitude exceeds such a threshold, an alarm is optionally gen 

erated by an output device. Examples of such a device are the 

speaker 11 and vibrator 80. A visual display (monitor 12) can 

show a numerical value of the EMF magnitude. FIG. 12 

illustrates structure of the power measurement module 82 that 

receives RF signal from antenna via the switch 81. This signal is generally very weak and may have shape either of continu 

ous or pulsed noise-like Voltage 87, or, alternatively a more 

specific shape, like a 60 Hz sine wave, e.g. Amplifier 83 

brings the received signal to a higher level 88 suitable for 

filtering and rectification by a signal conditioner 84. The 

analog signal 89 is fed to the analog-to-digital converter 85 

that outputs digital stream 86 for further processing by the 

microprocessor 26. 

While the present invention has been illustrated by a 

description of various preferred embodiments and while 

these embodiments have been described in some detail, it is 

not the intention of the Applicants to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Addi 

tional advantages and modifications will readily appear to 

those skilled in the art. The various features of the invention 

may be used alone or in numerous combinations depending 

on the needs and preferences of the user. This has been a 

description of the present invention, along with the preferred 

methods of practicing the present invention as currently 

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known. However, the invention itself should only be defined 

by the appended claims, wherein we claim: 

The invention claimed is: 

1. A mobile communication device comprising a compu 

tational means and output means, further comprising a mod 

ule incorporating a non-contact temperature sensor for 

receiving from an external Surface electromagnetic radiation 

in the infrared spectral range. Such non-contact temperature 

sensor generates a signal. 

2. The mobile communication device of claim 1 further 

comprising 

a digital photographic camera for generating a digital 

image of the external Surface, and 

a signal conditioner connected to the non-contact tempera 

ture sensor for receiving and conditioning said signal, 

wherein the computational means is connected to the 

signal conditioner and adapted for calculating tempera 

ture of the externals surface from the signal generated by 

the non-contact temperature sensor. 

3. The mobile communication device of claim 2, wherein 

the computational means is further adapted for calculating an 

optimal distance between the module and the external surface 

by using the digital image generated by said digital photo 

graphic camera. 

4. The mobile communication device of claim 2, wherein 

the computational means stores a pre-defined template, said 

computational means is adapted for matching the digital 

image with the template for calculating a distance between 

the module and the external surface. 

5. The mobile communication device of claim 4, where 

said template has a shape of a facial landmark, such landmark 

being an eyebrow, or nose, or contour of an eye, or ear. 

6. The mobile communication device of claim 1, wherein 

said external Surface is part of a head of a human. 

7. The mobile communication device of claim 6, wherein 

the computational means is adapted for converting the Surface 

temperature of the part of the head of a human into the inner 

temperature of the human. 

8. A mobile communication device comprising a compu 

tational means and output means, further comprising: 

a module for receiving and measuring a magnitude of 

electromagnetic radiation, wherein said electromag 

netic radiation is generated by a source that is not being 

part of the mobile communication device, and Such 

module comprising at least one antenna adapted for 

operation in the radio frequency range. 

9. A method of measuring the magnitude of electromag 

netic radiation in a selected location by a mobile communi 

cation device, consisting of the steps of 

providing a mobile communication device that comprises a 

housing, a digital imaging sensor having a first field of 

view, Such sensor is for generating a digital image of the 

Selected location, a computational means, and an output 

means for conveying information to an operator, incorporating into the housing a module that is responsive 

to intensity of the electromagnetic radiation in a selected 

spectral range; 

positioning the housing in a vicinity of the selected loca 

tion; 

generating by the module a signal representative of the 

electromagnetic radiation; 

processing said signal to extract information related to 

intensity of the electromagnetic radiation in the selected 

location, and 

sending said information to the output means for convey 

ing the information to the operator. 

Case 2:23-cv-00199-JRG Document 8-2 Filed 06/19/23 Page 13 of 14 PageID #: 159
US 8,275,413 B1 

11 

10. The method of measuring the magnitude of electro 

magnetic radiation of claim 9 comprising a further step of 

positioning in the module at least one thermopile having a 

second field of view wherein said first field of view is 

wider than the second field of view and said thermopile s 

generates a signal representative of temperature of the 

selected location within the second field of view. 

11. The method of measuring the magnitude of electro 

magnetic radiation of claim 10 further comprising the steps of 

moving said housing to aim the digital imaging sensor at 

the selected location and observing on the output means 

the digital image of the selected location, wherein Such 

Selected location has a geometrical feature; 

storing in the computational means a pre-defined template 

being a desired outline of the geometrical feature; 

Superimposing a template with the digital image of the 

geometrical feature; 

indicating by the output means the moment when the tem 

plate and the image of the geometrical features are Sub 

stantially Superimposed, and 

computing temperature information from said signal. Such 

temperature being the information related to intensity of 

the electromagnetic radiation. 

12. The method of measuring intensity of electromagnetic 

radiation of claim 10, further comprising the steps of 

identifying and locating by said computational means a 

landmark from said geometrical features within the first 

field of view, Such landmark having salient geometrical 

features of the selected location; 

comparing by the computational means the size and posi 

tion of said landmark with a reference outline of the 

landmark stored in the computational means; 

generating by the output means a feedback signal to the 

operator for moving the housing to a position where the 

landmark and the reference outline are substantially of 

the same size and Substantially at the same position; computing temperature from said signal. 

13. A method of computing temperature from electromag 

netic radiation being naturally emanated from a selected por 

tion of an object by a mobile communication device, com 

prising the steps of 

providing a mobile communication device comprising a 

housing, a digital imaging sensor, a computational 

means, and an output means for conveying information 

to an operator; 

positioning in the housing an electromagnetic radiation 

detector operating in an infrared thermal spectral range 

and having a field of view: 

10 

15 

25 

30 

35 

40 

45 

12 

positioning in the housing the digital imaging sensor and 

electromagnetic radiation detectorina mutual proximity and alignment; 

aiming by an operator the digital imaging sensor and elec 

tromagnetic radiation detector at the object; generating by the digital imaging sensor a first signal rep 

resentative of an image of the object; generating by the electromagnetic radiation detector a sec 

ond signal representative of Surface temperature of the 

object within the field of view: 

computing the Surface temperature of the object from the 

said second signal, and 

sending the computed temperature to said output means. 

14. The method of computing temperature by a mobile 

communication device of claim 13, further comprising the 

steps of 

generating by the computational means a template 

approximating the shape of a landmark, Such landmark 

being an identifiable part of the object; identifying and locating said landmark by said computa 

tional means; 

comparing the sizes and positions of said landmark and 

said template; 

generating by the output means a feedback signal to the 

operator, 

moving said housing for matching the sizes and positions 

of said landmark and said template. 15. The method of computing temperature by a mobile 

communication device of claim 13, further comprising the 

steps of 

displaying by the output means an image of the object 

derived by the computational means from said first sig 

nal; 

displaying a target. Such target being an outline of the filed 

of view: 

moving the housing to Superimpose the target and the 

selected portion of the object. 

16. The method of computing temperature by a mobile 

communication device of claim 13, further comprising the 

step of converting the Surface temperature of the object into 

the inner temperature of the object. 

17. The method of computing temperature by a mobile 

communication device of claim 13, further comprising the 

step of generating an alarm when temperature of the object 

exceeds a preset limit. 

Case 2:23-cv-00199-JRG Document 8-2 Filed 06/19/23 Page 14 of 14 PageID #: 160