* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court

generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order

and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. 

F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

AUG 7 2000

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

THRIFTY RENT-A-CAR SYSTEM,

INC., an Oklahoma corporation,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

v.

BEST LEASING, INC.,

Defendant,

and

ALDO MUROS, an individual,

Defendant-Appellant.

No. 99-5137

(D.C. No. 96-CV-1136-BU)

(N.D. Okla.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before TACHA , PORFILIO , and EBEL , Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
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this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

This case arose when plaintiff, Thrifty Rent-A-Car System (Thrifty),

brought suit against defendants, Best Leasing, Inc. (a Thrifty franchisee) and

Aldo Muros (Best’s owner and guarantor of agreements between Thrifty and

Best), to collect on monies owed by Best to Thrifty as a result of agreements

arising out of the franchise relationship. Defendants brought several

counterclaims against plaintiff, and the district court granted summary judgment

in favor of plaintiff on defendants’ counterclaims. Thereafter, Best filed for

bankruptcy, and the claims against it were stayed. The claims against Mr. Muros

proceeded to trial, at which Mr. Muros did not appear, and the district court

entered judgment pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. 54(b) in favor of plaintiff on those

claims. Mr. Muros moved to vacate the judgment, and the district court denied

the motion. Mr. Muros now appeals from the summary judgment in favor of

Thrifty on his counterclaims and from the final judgment in favor of Thrifty on its

claims against him. We affirm.

At the outset, we hold that the district court was correct in its finding that

the choice of law provisions in the relevant agreements determine the law to be

applied in this case. The parties agreed in the guaranties signed by Mr. Muros

that Oklahoma law would govern any disputes between the parties, and Oklahoma
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enforces such choice of law provisions, except where to do so would violate

Oklahoma public policy. See Williams v. Shearson Lehman Bros., Inc. , 917 P.2d

998, 1002 (Okla. Ct. App. 1995).

We begin by addressing Mr. Muros’ argument that the district court should

have vacated its judgment against him on Thrifty’s claims because, without

having determined Best’s liability on the agreements, it cannot have adjudged the

claims against him, as guarantor. The district court was correct in declining to

vacate its judgment on this basis. A guarantor’s obligation is independent of the

underlying contract, and Thrifty could have brought suit against Mr. Muros

without even joining Best as a party. See Riverside Nat’l Bank v. Manolakis , 613

P.2d 438, 441 (Okla. 1980); Janeway v. Vandeventer , 45 P.2d 79, 82 (Okla.

1935).

Mr. Muros argues that the district court erred in granting summary

judgment in favor of Thrifty on the counterclaims. Defendants counterclaimed

that Thrifty breached the lease agreement in two respects: first, by failing to

provide local advertising for Best’s business and second, by refusing to allow

Best to operate a parking-only facility. They also alleged that Thrifty was liable

for misrepresentations. Having reviewed the district court’s ruling on summary

judgment de novo , see Kaul v. Stephan, 83 F.3d 1208, 1212 (10th Cir. 1996), we

agree that Thrifty was entitled to judgment on defendants’ counterclaims. 
1 Like the district court, we do not consider any claims on appeal regarding

counterclaims that Thrifty breached the implied covenant of good faith and fair

dealing or that its failure to disclose material facts was a breach of the contract. 

Because these allegations were not properly raised before the district court, the

district court did not consider them and, therefore, we do not consider them on

appeal. See Walker v. Mather (In re Walker) , 959 F.2d 894, 896 (10th Cir. 1992).

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With regard to the breach of contract counterclaim, we agree with the

district court’s reading of the contract and its finding that Thrifty had no

obligation to provide local advertising for Best’s business. The district court was

also correct in finding that the agreement did not obligate Thrifty to allow Best to

run a parking-only facility. The agreement clearly indicates the parties’ intent

that Best operate a car rental business. Defendants’ misrepresentation

counterclaim also fails. The district court was correct in finding that defendants

did not show that Thrifty had a duty to disclose the information. They did not

show that their relationship with Thrifty was anything other than a normal

commercial relationship. The record contains nothing indicating a special trust or

confidence giving rise to a fiduciary relationship between the parties, and the

district court was correct in finding that the contract provisions do not provide

evidence of such a relationship. See Devery Implement Co. v. J.I. Case Co ., 944

F.2d 724, 730 (10th Cir. 1991). 1

Mr. Muros argues that the case should have been transferred to another

district. The district court denied the motion to transfer, finding that the forum
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selection clause in the contract was valid and that defendants did not show any of

the circumstances that might render the clause invalid. The district court’s ruling

was well within its discretion to deny the motion to transfer. See Scheidt v. Klein ,

956 F.2d 963, 965 (10th Cir. 1992).

Neither did the district court abuse its discretion in denying defendants

leave to amend their answer and counterclaims. The untimeliness of the motion

to amend, coupled with the lack of reason for the delay, justifies the district

court’s denial of the motion. See Frank v. U.S. West, Inc. , 3 F.3d 1357, 1365-66

(10th Cir. 1993).

We also review the court’s disqualification of an attorney for an abuse of

discretion. See McEwen v. City of Norman , 926 F.2d 1539, 1550 (10th Cir.

1991). Because the record on appeal does not contain either the motion to

disqualify or the district court’s ruling on the motion to disqualify, we cannot

determine whether the district court acted within its discretion. If the record on

appeal is insufficient to permit assessment of the claims of error, we must affirm. 

See Deines v. Vermeer Mfg. Co. , 969 F.2d 977, 979-80 (10th Cir. 1992).

Mr. Muros argues that the district court erred in striking the jury trial

because the agreements do not contain jury waiver provisions. The record is to

the contrary. All the relevant agreements contain clear and conspicuous jury

waiver provisions, and the district court was correct to enforce them.
2 We do not address Mr. Muros’ objections to Mr. Cerefice’s deposition,

because he did not first raise them to the district court. See McEwen, 926 F.2d at

1550.

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Finally, Mr. Muros challenges several discovery rulings made by the

district court, all of which we review for an abuse of discretion. See GWN

Petroleum Corp. v. OK-TEX Oil & Gas, Inc. , 998 F.2d 853, 858 (10th Cir. 1993). 

After an in camera review, the district court denied discovery of a certain report

sought by defendants. This ruling was within the district court’s discretion. Also

within its discretion was the denial of defendants’ motion to depose the Chief

Executive Officer of Thrifty. Neither has Mr. Muros shown that the district court

abused its discretion in denying the motion to compel further examination of Mr.

Bonner. 2

In sum, Mr. Muros has fallen short of showing that Thrifty was not entitled

to summary judgment on the counterclaims brought by defendants. Neither has he

shown that the judgment entered against him on Thrifty’s claims was in error and

should be vacated. AFFIRMED.

Entered for the Court

Deanell Reece Tacha

Circuit Judge