1

Filed 11/20/13 R.S. v. Super. Ct. CA4/2 

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS 

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115. 

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 

FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

DIVISION TWO 

R.S., 

 Petitioner, 

v. 

THE SUPERIOR COURT OF SAN 

BERNARDINO COUNTY, 

 Respondent; 

SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY 

CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES, 

 Real Party in Interest. 

 E059369 

 (Super.Ct.No. J246484) 

 OPINION 

 ORIGINAL PROCEEDINGS; petition for extraordinary writ. Cheryl C. Kersey, 

Judge. Petition denied. 

 Friedman, Gebbie, Cazares & Gilleece, Monica Cazares for Petitioner. 

 No appearance for Respondent. 

 Jean-Rene Basle, County Counsel and Jamila Bayati, Deputy County Counsel, for 

Real Party in Interest. 
2

 Petitioner R.S. (father) is the father of eight-year-old A.S., who was removed from 

her mother’s care and placed, along with her half-siblings, with maternal relatives. 

Father resides in Wisconsin. Although he initially stated he would cooperate fully and 

wanted custody of A.S., he never completed any family reunification services and told 

the social worker that he did not want services and did not want to disrupt A.S.’s 

placement. At the same time, father did not want to give up his parental rights. Father 

now challenges the juvenile court’s order dated July 29, 2013, terminating his 

reunification services and setting a hearing under Welfare and Institutions Code, section 

366.26, at which it will consider terminating his parental rights.1 Father argues the 

juvenile court abused its discretion when it found that he was provided with reasonable 

services and that he failed to participate regularly and make substantive progress in the 

court-ordered treatment plan. As discussed below, we agree with the juvenile court that 

father deliberately chose not to participate in the reunification services offered to him, 

and so deny the petition. 

FACTS AND PROCEDURE 

Detention and Jurisdiction/Disposition – October 2012 to February 2013 

 A.S. was seven years old when she and two younger half siblings were removed 

from their mother in October 2012. An investigation by San Bernardino County Children 

and Family Services (CFS) showed the mother had choked A.S.’s five-year-old half 

 1 All section references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code unless otherwise 

indicated. 
3

sibling, the home lacked sufficient food, and mother abused methamphetamines. Mother 

gave birth to a fourth child the following month. 

Father resided in Wisconsin, was married, and had recently begun providing care 

for his 14-year-old daughter. He had a history of criminal conduct and substance abuse, 

and was in prison from 2004 to 2008. A.S. was born in 2005. Father had last seen A.S. 

in 2011. Father told the social worker that he had not used drugs since 2004, and that he 

had worked hard to start a new life, including moving to Wisconsin. Father also stated 

that, prior to A.S.’s removal from her mother, he had been working to establish a 

relationship with her. 

 CFS filed a section 300 petition regarding A.S., alleging that mother’s substance 

abuse and abuse of A.S.’s half sibling placed A.S. at risk. The petition also alleged that 

father had failed to protect A.S. from her mother, and that he had a history of criminal 

conduct and substance abuse. On October 22, 2012, a social worker spoke with father by 

telephone to obtain information on potential American Indian ancestry. On November 1, 

Father was personally served with a copy of the petition and notice of the November 15, 

2012 jurisdiction and disposition hearing. The address listed was his correct address and 

included his apartment number. In the jurisdiction and disposition report filed on 

November 14, 2012, the social worker evaluated father’s suitability for parenting A.S. as 

follows: “The prognosis for reunification of [A.S.] with the father . . . seems promising at 

this time. [Father] has been in contact with the Department and has expressed his 

willingness and ability to protect and provide care for his daughter [A.S.]. [Father] plans 

on being available by phone at the upcoming Jurisdiction/Disposition Hearing and has 
4

stated he will cooperate with CFS and the Court in any way to ensure the safety of his 

daughter. CFS will continue to assess [father’s] background, his home, and his 

willingness and ability to parent [A.S.]. 

 Jurisdiction and disposition hearings set for November 15 and December 5, 2012, 

were continued. Father was represented by appointed counsel starting with the December 

5 hearing. Counsel asked CFS to “look into placement with father” and asked for father’s 

address so she could “notice him.” On December 26, 2012, father’s counsel set the 

matter contested. Counsel stated she had spoken with father and “There is some 

modifications to allegations in the case plan that we are seeking.”2 

The contested jurisdiction and disposition hearing was held on February 5, 2013. 

The juvenile court amended the allegation regarding father to read, “The father . . . has a 

criminal history of substance abuse, which may place the child [A.S.] at risk of abuse and 

neglect.” The court found that allegation true as to father, but dismissed allegations that 

father knew or should have known that A.S. was at risk of abuse or neglect and that 

father has a substance abuse history that puts A.S. at risk of abuse and neglect. The court 

found father to be the presumed father and ordered him to participate in family 

reunification services. The court authorized CFS to conduct an ICPC for placement of 

A.S. with father if mother could not reunify, but explicitly conditioned any placement 

with father on the court’s approval. 

 2 Father was not present for any of the proceedings in this case, but was 

represented by appointed counsel. It does not appear from the record that he was present 

by telephone. 
5

Six-Month Review Hearing 

 The six-month review hearing was set for July 8, 2013. In the report prepared for 

that hearing, the social worker recommended terminating reunification services to both 

father and mother. Father apparently had not participated in any reunification services. 

Attached to the report are copies of four form letters,3 entitled “Progress Letter to Parent” 

sent to father on March 7, April 17, May 29 and June 20, 2013. Each letter lists the 

components of the reunification plan and asks father to call the social worker to arrange 

for services. Each letter was sent to the correct address in Wisconsin, but did not include 

the apartment number. The social worker reported that she contacted father by telephone 

in early July “when it was learned he has been ill the last 6 months.” Father stated that he 

was doing much better and had been cleared to return to work. Father told the social 

worker that he did not want to participate in family reunification services. He was fine 

with having A.S. raised by maternal relatives and would only step in if they could not 

care for A.S. Father stated he did not want to upset A.S.’s life by pulling her away from 

her family. 

 3 The form letters contained the following information: “You have been ordered 

by Juvenile Court to regularly participate in the Reunification Service Plan so that your 

child(ren) [A.S.], can be returned to your home. As your social worker, I am concerned 

that you have not shown sufficient progress in starting or completing the following parts 

of your service plan: counseling, as needed[;] random drug testing[;] visitation . . . [¶] 

Please call me to discuss what problems may be preventing you from working on your 

Reunification Plan. I would like to help you to resolve these problems so that your 

child[ren] can be safely returned to your home.” 
6

Father’s counsel set the matter contested on his behalf and asked that he be served 

with a copy of the review report, though she commented that it appeared he was in 

agreement with the CFS recommendations. 

 The contested six-month review hearing was held on July 29, 2013. The social 

worker testified that she had sent father four letters to notify him that he needed to 

complete “counseling as needed, random testing, and visits with [A.S.].” The social 

worker also testified that she first spoke with father by telephone on July 4, 2013, which 

is when she first discovered that father lived in an apartment complex. The address the 

social worker had for father, and to which she had sent the four letters, did not include an 

apartment number. Father told the social worker that he had never received any of the 

four letters. Father also told the social worker that he was not interested in receiving 

family reunification services unless his parental rights were going to be terminated. 

Father was comfortable with A.S.’s placement with maternal relatives and wanted to keep 

her with her siblings. When father’s counsel asked the social worker what referrals for 

services had she provided to father, the social worker replied that she had not asked father 

to drug test or given him any referrals for counseling. Father was not in agreement with 

the CFS recommendation that his parental rights be terminated. 

After hearing argument from the parties the juvenile court found that reasonable 

services had been provided and terminated family reunification services to both parents. 

Regarding father, the court reasoned that CFS could not force father to engage in services 

if he did not want to, and that father had stated he did not want to participate in services. 

Father initiated this writ proceeding on August 12, 2013. 
7

DISCUSSION 

1. Reasonable Services

 Father argues the juvenile court abused its discretion when it determined CFS 

provided him with reasonable services. This is because, father argues, CFS failed to 

notify him of his case plan components or provide any referrals or direction as to 

counseling, drug testing or visitation. 

Before initiating proceedings to terminate parental rights, the juvenile court must 

find by clear and convincing evidence that CFS provided reasonable reunification 

services. (In re Maria S. (2000) 82 Cal.App.4th 1032, 1039, quoting Robin V. v. 

Superior Court (1995) 33 Cal.App.4th 1158, 1164-1165.) 

We review a juvenile court’s finding that an agency offered or provided 

reasonable reunification services for substantial evidence. (Katie V. v. Superior Court

(2005) 130 Cal.App.4th 586, 598 (Katie V.).) “In reviewing the reasonableness of the 

services provided, this court must view the evidence in a light most favorable to the 

respondent. We must indulge in all legitimate and reasonable inferences to uphold the 

verdict. If there is substantial evidence supporting the judgment, our duty ends and the 

judgment must not be disturbed.” (In re Misako R. (1991) 2 Cal.App.4th 538, 545 

(Misako).) 

Here, CFS sent four letters to father in four months informing him of the services 

required by his case plan and asking him to contact the social worker so she could help 

him obtain those services. Although these letters were addressed to father without an 

apartment number, and father told the social worker that he did not receive any of them, 
8

substantial evidence supports the juvenile court’s conclusion that father did receive at 

least one of the letters but simply failed to follow through with reunification services. 

First, the court could easily infer that not one of the four letters was returned to sender as 

undeliverable because the social worker continued to send them to the same address and 

did not state during her testimony that any of them were returned. Second, the letters 

were sent to the correct address, and the fact that father lived in apartment number 3 

indicates it was likely a small building and thus unlikely that four separate letters would 

remain undelivered, and not returned to sender, when delivered to that building and 

otherwise correctly addressed to father. Finally, the juvenile court, as the trier of fact, 

was entitled under the circumstances to discredit father’s statement to the social worker 

that he had not received any of the four letters. 

Regarding the social worker’s failure to provide any referrals for services, each of 

the four letters asked father to contact the social worker so she could do just that. In 

addition, any attempt by the social worker to provide referrals during her telephone 

conversation with father on July 4, 2013 would have been useless after father told her he 

would not participate in services. As the juvenile court reasoned when it made the 

challenged ruling on July 29, 2013, CFS could not force father to engage in services 

when father stated that he did not want to. 

2. Participation and Progress in Case Plan 

Father further argues the juvenile court abused its discretion when it determined 

that he failed to participate regularly and make substantive progress in his case plan 

components, namely random drug testing, counseling as needed, and visitation. 
9

The failure of a parent to participate regularly in court-ordered treatment programs 

is prima facie evidence that the child’s return to that parent would be detrimental. (§§ 

366.21, subds. (e) & (f), 366.22, subd. (e).) 

We review dependency determinations for substantial evidence (In re Shelley J.

(1998) 68 Cal.App.4th 322, 329), viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the 

juvenile court’s findings (Misako R., supra, 2 Cal.App.4th at pp. 538, 545). Where there 

is any substantial evidence to support the juvenile court’s order, contradicted or not, we 

must affirm the court’s decision. (In re Tracy Z. (1987) 195 Cal.App.3d 107, 113.) 

We find substantial evidence supports the juvenile court’s conclusion that father 

did not make substantive progress in his case plan. First, although father argues he was 

only supposed to drug test and participate in counseling when directed by the social 

worker, the record indicates the social worker sent him four separate letters reminding 

him that he had not participated in his case plan at all and asking him to contact her so 

she could assist him in accessing services. Father did not do so, and later told the social 

worker that he would not participate in services. Regarding the visitation component of 

the case plan, the record indicates that father had telephone contact with A.S., but did not 

progress to visits, although he was authorized to visit with A.S. 

 The record as described above contains substantial evidence to support the 

juvenile court’s conclusion that CFS attempted to provide father with reasonable services, 

but that father deliberately chose not to participate in the case plan. 
10

DISPOSITION

 The petition is denied. 

 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS 

RAMIREZ 

 P. J. 

We concur: 

RICHLI 

 J. 

CODRINGTON 

 J.