NUMBER 13-22-00094-CR

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG

 

IN RE RAYMOND LIGHTS

 

On Petition for Writ of Mandamus.

 

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Justices Longoria, Hinojosa, and Silva

Memorandum Opinion by Justice Hinojosa1

Raymond Lights, proceeding pro se, has filed pleadings with our Court requesting 

that we order the district clerk to file his notice of appeal. According to the pleadings and 

their attachments, it appears that Lights is attempting to appeal an “Order on Agreed 

Finding of Incompetency,” however, the district clerk returned the notice of appeal to 

1 See TEX. R. APP. P. 52.8(d) (“When denying relief, the court may hand down an opinion but is not 

required to do so. When granting relief, the court must hand down an opinion as in any other case.”); id. R. 

47.4 (distinguishing opinions and memorandum opinions).
2

Lights, rather than filing it, on grounds that the order was not subject to appeal.2 Given 

that this matter does not appear to involve a final, appealable judgment, we liberally 

construe Lights’s pleadings as a petition for writ of mandamus. See TEX. R. APP. P.

25.2(a)(2) (discussing a criminal defendant’s right to appeal); Canada v. State, 547 

S.W.3d 4, 10 (Tex. App.—Austin 2017, no pet.) (stating that appellate courts liberally 

construe pro se pleadings although pro se litigants must still follow the applicable rules 

and laws). 

In a criminal case, to be entitled to mandamus relief, the relator must establish 

both that the act sought to be compelled is a ministerial act not involving a discretionary 

or judicial decision and that there is no adequate remedy at law to redress the alleged 

harm. See In re Meza, 611 S.W.3d 383, 388 (Tex. Crim. App. 2020) (orig. proceeding); 

In re Harris, 491 S.W.3d 332, 334 (Tex. Crim. App. 2016) (orig. proceeding) (per curiam); 

In re McCann, 422 S.W.3d 701, 704 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013) (orig. proceeding). If the 

relator fails to meet both requirements, then the petition for writ of mandamus should be 

denied. State ex rel. Young v. Sixth Jud. Dist. Ct. of Apps. at Texarkana, 236 S.W.3d 207, 

210 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) (orig. proceeding). 

2 Article 44.02 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure provides, in relevant part, that “[a]

defendant in any criminal action has the right of appeal under the rules hereinafter prescribed . . ..”). TEX.

CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. Art. 44.02; see TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2) (“A defendant in a criminal case has the 

right of appeal under Code of Criminal Procedure article 44.02 and these rules.”); see also State ex rel. 

Lykos v. Fine, 330 S.W.3d 904, 915 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011) (“[I]n Texas, appeals by either the State or the 

defendant in a criminal case are permitted only when they are specifically authorized by statute.”). With 

certain exceptions that are not relevant here, a state appellate court only has jurisdiction to consider an 

appeal by a criminal defendant where there has been a final judgment of conviction. See Workman v. State, 

343 S.W.2d 446, 447 (Tex. Crim. App. 1961); Skillern v. State, 355 S.W.3d 262, 266–67 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, pet. ref’d); Saliba v. State, 45 S.W.3d 329, 329–30 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2001, no 

pet.); McKown v. State, 915 S.W.2d 160, 161 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1996, no pet.); see also Lopez v. 

State, No. 13-21-00127-CR, 2021 WL 3085766, at *1 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg July 22, 2021, 

no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication). We have not found any rule or statutory provision that 

would authorize an appeal from the order at issue in this matter. 
3

It is the relator’s burden to properly request and show entitlement to mandamus 

relief. See State ex rel. Young, 236 S.W.3d at 210; In re Pena, 619 S.W.3d 837, 839 (Tex. 

App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2021, orig. proceeding); see also Barnes v. State, 832 S.W.2d 

424, 426 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1992, orig. proceeding) (per curiam) (“Even a 

pro se applicant for a writ of mandamus must show himself entitled to the extraordinary 

relief he seeks.”). In addition to other requirements, the relator must include a statement 

of facts and a clear and concise argument for the contentions made, with appropriate 

citations to authorities and to the appendix or record. See generally TEX. R. APP. P. 52.3 

(governing the form and contents for a petition). Further, the relator must file an appendix 

and record sufficient to support the claim for mandamus relief. See id. R. 52.3(k) 

(specifying the required contents for the appendix); R. 52.7(a) (specifying the required 

contents for the record).

Article V, Section 6 of the Texas Constitution delineates the appellate jurisdiction 

of the courts of appeals, and states that the courts of appeals “shall have such other 

jurisdiction, original and appellate, as may be prescribed by law.” TEX. CONST. art. V, 

§ 6(a). This Court’s original jurisdiction is governed by § 22.221 of the Texas Government 

Code. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 22.221; see also In re Cook, 394 S.W.3d 668, 671 

(Tex. App.—Tyler 2012, orig. proceeding). In pertinent part, this section provides that we 

may issue writs of mandamus against certain judges within our district and “mandamus 

and all other writs necessary to enforce the jurisdiction of the court.” TEX. GOV’T CODE 

ANN. § 22.221(a); see id. § 22.221(b). This Court does not have jurisdiction to issue a writ 

of mandamus against a district clerk unless it is necessary to enforce our jurisdiction. See 
4

In re Smith, 263 S.W.3d 93, 95–96 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, orig. 

proceeding); In re Washington, 7 S.W.3d 181, 182 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, 

orig. proceeding) (per curiam). 

The Court, having examined and fully considered the petition for writ of mandamus 

and the applicable law, is of the opinion that Lights has not met his burden to obtain relief.

First, the petition for writ of mandamus fails to meet the requirements of the appellate 

rules. See generally TEX. R. APP. P. 52.7(a), 52.3. Second, Lights has not shown that the 

issuance of a writ of mandamus is necessary to enforce our jurisdiction over an appeal.

See In re Smith, 263 S.W.3d at 95–96; In re Washington, 7 S.W.3d at 182. Accordingly, 

we deny the petition for writ of mandamus. See TEX. R. APP. P. 52.8.

LETICIA HINOJOSA

Justice

Do not publish.

TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2 (b).

Delivered and filed on the

10th day of March, 2022.