IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT KNOXVILLE

Assigned on Briefs September 16, 2002 

BILLY JOE SMITH v. LISA NIDIFER RICE, ET AL.

 Appeal from the Circuit Court for Johnson County

No. 2174 Thomas J. Seeley, Jr., Judge

FILED NOVEMBER 14, 2002

No. E2001-02436-COA-R3-CV

In this appeal from the Circuit Court for Johnson County the Appellant, Billy Joe Smith, asserts that

the Circuit Court erred in denying his motion to alter or amend the Court’s prior judgment

dismissing his complaint for alleged violations of his civil rights upon grounds that the complaint

failed to allege any causes of action other than violations of the United States Constitution. We

affirm the judgment of the Circuit Court.

Tenn. R. App. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed; 

Cause Remanded

HOUSTON M.GODDARD, P.J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which HERSCHEL P.FRANKS and

CHARLES D. SUSANO, JR., JJ., joined.

Billy Joe Smith, Mountain City, Tennessee, pro se.

Paul G. Summers,Attorney General and Reporter; Michael E. Moore, Solicitor General; and Heather

C. Ross, Senior Counsel, Attorney General’s Office, Nashville, Tennessee, for the Appellees, Steve

Finney and Lisa Nidifer

K. Erickson Herrin, Johnson City, Tennessee, for the Appellees, Debbie Barron and Steve Smith

Thomas L. Kilday, Greeneville, Tennessee, fortheAppellees, Gregg Masters, Ron Arnold and David

Pauley 

OPINION

The record reflects that on January 9, 1995, in the Criminal Court for Unicoi County, Mr.

Smith was convicted of two counts of aggravated rape, one count of aiding and abetting aggravated

rape, one count of aggravated robbery and one count of aggravated kidnaping. In consequence of

these convictions, on February 14, 1995, Mr. Smith was sentenced to 135 years in prison. Mr.
1

Although Mr. Smith refers to this defendant as merely “C. Rice” in his complaint, subsequent pleadings filed

in the case refer to this defendant as “Constance” or “Cordell” Rice. The District Court notes in its memorandum opinion

that this defendant was not served with process and our review of the record verifies the District Court’s determination

in this regard. Because there is no proof that Ms. Rice was ever served with a copy of Mr. Smith’s complaint, she is

not a party to this appeal. 

-2-

Smith’s convictions were subsequently affirmed by the Court of Criminal Appeals on February 11,

1997. Mr. Smith further appealed his convictions for aggravated rape, aiding and abetting

aggravated rape and aggravated kidnaping to the Tennessee Supreme Court and on September 28,

1998, the Supreme Court affirmed those convictions.

On March 21, 2001, Mr Smith filed a complaint in the Johnson County Circuit Court titled

“42 U.S.C. § 1983COMPLAINTFORVIOLATION OF CIVIL RIGHTS GUARANTEED BY

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.” In his complaint Mr.

Smith requests compensatory and punitive damages for alleged violations of his rights under the

Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the federal Constitution with regard to

the above criminal convictions. The thirteen defendants named in the complaint are as follows:

assistant attorneys general, Lisa Nidifer and Steve Finney; Johnson City police officers, Debbie

Barron and Steve Smith; Unicoi County Sheriff’s Department deputies, Ron Arnold and David

Pauley; Unicoi County Circuit Court Clerk/Criminal Court Clerk, Gregg Masters; Mr. Smith’s

attorney, William B. Lawson, and the following persons who served as jurors in the criminal case -

Darlene Hill, Pat Gouge, Kim Gouge, Earl Bennett and C. Rice. These thirteen defendants are

designated as the Appellees in this case.

Pursuant to 28 USC 1441, et seq. Mr Smith’s complaint was removed to the Federal District

Court by eleven of the thirteen defendants with consent of a twelfth. Although the thirteenth

defendant, C. Rice, did not join in the removal, it does not appear that she was served with process

and her participation in the removal was, therefore, not relevant1. Upon the defendants’ motions to

dismiss and/or for summary judgment, on May 25, 2001, the District Court filed an order and

memorandum opinion dismissing all federal claims against each of the twelve defendants. The

District Court declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over any State law claims that might

have been raised in the complaint and remanded the case to the Circuit Court. 

Upon remand the Circuit Court dismissed Mr. Smith’s complaint by order filed July 11,

2001, upon grounds that the only causes of action asserted in the complaint were for violations of

specific Amendments to the United States Constitution and upon the additional ground that Mr.

Smith had failed to file an inmate affidavit as required by T.C.A. 41-21-805. Mr. Smith filed a

motion to alter or amend judgment on August 2, 2001, which was denied by order of the Court

entered August 28, 2001. Mr. Smith now appeals the order of August 28, 2001, denying his motion

to alter or amend the Court’s prior order of July 11, 2001. 

Our review of a case such as this one is de novo upon the trial court record with a

presumption that the trial court's factual findings are correct unless the evidence preponderates to
-3-

the contrary. Tenn.R.App.P. 13(d). There is no presumption of correctness as to the trial court's

conclusions of law. Campbell v. Florida Steel., 919 S.W.2d 26 (Tenn. 1996).

In his motion to alter or amend filed on August 2, 2001, Mr. Smith notes that the Circuit

Court based its dismissal of his complaint upon the following grounds:

1.Failure to allege any further causes of action other than the mentioned violations

of the U.S. Constitution.

2.Failure to submit an affidavit pursuant to T.C.A. 41-21-805.

The motion further states:

THE PLAINTIFF WILL ONLY ADDRESS THOSE ISSUES CITED BY

THE COURT FOR IT’S DISMISSAL, AS THEY ARE THE ONLY

REASONS THAT COUNT AND BARE [sic] ANY VALIDITY UPON THIS

CASE.

The import of the Circuit Court’s finding that Mr. Smith’s complaint does not assert any

causes of action other than violations of Amendments to the U.S. Constitution is that the complaint

does not assert any claims under Tennessee law. Mr. Smith disagrees and contends that the District

Court indicated that there were unresolved state law claims when, according to Mr. Smith, the Court

“remanded the case back to the trial court to settle the REMAINING State law claims.”(emphasis

in original) Mr. Smith further contends that his complaint “plainly states that the appellees violated

laws governing the State of Tennessee, and not just constitutional violations.” 

We disagree with Mr. Smith’s assertion that the District Court remanded the case to the trial

court to settle “remaining state law claims”. In fact, the District Court’s memorandum opinion

shows that it remanded the case to the Circuit Court after declining “to exercise supplemental

jurisdiction over any state law claims that might have been raised in this action.” (italics added)

There is no indication that the District Court found that Mr. Smith’s complaint raised state law

claims. 

Our review of Mr. Smith’s complaint shows that each cause of action as set forth therein

alleges violation of a specific Amendment to the United States Constitution and the complaint makes

no reference to any laws of this state which were allegedly violated:

VIII. FIRST CAUSE OF ACTION 

The actions, inactions, and acquiescence of defendants’ Nidifer, Finney, Barron,

Smith, Arnold, and Lawson violated the rights guaranteed and protected by the

U.S. Constitutional Amendment IV.
-4-

IX. SECOND CAUSE OF ACTION

The actions, inactions, and acquiescence of the defendants as herein mentioned

violated the rights guaranteed and protected by the U.S. Constitutional

Amendment V.

X. THIRD CAUSE OF ACTION

The actions, inactions, acquiescence of the defendants as herein mentioned

violated the rights guaranteed and protected by the U.S. Constitutional amendment

mendment VI.

XI. FOURTH CAUSE OF ACTION

The actions, inactions, and acquiescence of defendants as herein mentioned

violated the rights guaranteed and protected by the U.S. Constitutional

Amendment VIII.

XII. FIFTH CAUSE OF ACTION

The actions, inactions, and acquiescence of the defendants as herein mentioned

violated the rights guaranteed and protected by the U.S. Constitutional

Amendment XIV.

Given such specificity regarding alleged violation of U.S. Constitutional Amendments

without any accompanying reference to any specific violations of state law and based upon our

review of Mr. Smith’s complaint as a whole, we are compelled to agree with the Trial Court’s

conclusion that no state law claims were raised in this case. Although a pro se complaint, such as

the one filed by Mr. Smith is granted a liberal construction by this Court, such a complaint must still

comply with applicable procedural and substantive law. Irvin v. City of Clarksville, 767 SW2d 649

(Tenn. Ct. App. 1988). A pro se litigant is not entitled to shift the burden of litigating his case to

the courts. Whitaker v. Whirlpool Corp., et al, 32 S.W.3d 222 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2000).

Although we recognize that Tennessee courts also entertain jurisdiction of claims filed

pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1983, it is our determination that all such claims in this case were disposed

of by the order and memorandum opinion of the District Court entered on May 25, 2001, both of

which are attached as an appendix to this opinion.
-5-

It being our determination that Mr. Smith raised no causes of action in his complaint under

state law, we need not further determine whether the dismissal of his complaint is supported on

additional grounds such as failure to file an inmate affidavit as required by T.C.A. 41-21-805. 

For the foregoing reasons the judgment of the Circuit Court is affirmed and the cause

remanded for such further proceedings, if any, as may be necessary and for collection of costs below.

Costs of appeal are adjudged against Billy Joe Smith.

_________________________________________

HOUSTON M. GODDARD, PRESIDING JUDGE