2022 IL App (1st) 210824

No. 1-21-0824 

Opinion filed January 27, 2022 

Fourth Division

______________________________________________________________________________ 

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

FIRST DISTRICT

______________________________________________________________________________ 

In re L.S., 

 Minor-Appellee, 

(The People of the State of Illinois, 

 Petitioner-Appellee, 

v. 

A.G. and B.S., a/k/a W.S, 

 Respondents 

(A.G., Respondent-Appellant; B.S. a/k/a W.S.,

Respondent-Appellee)). 

)

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

Appeal from the 

Circuit Court of 

Cook County. 

No. 19 JA 1524 

Honorable 

Andrea Buford, 

Judge, presiding. 

JUSTICE LAMPKIN delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. 

 Presiding Justice Reyes and Justice Martin concurred in the judgment and opinion. 

OPINION

¶ 1 On March 2, 2016, the minor L.S. was born to his mother, A.G., and his father, B.S. a/k/a

W.S. A.G. and W.S. stopped living together when L.S. was one year old. Protracted custody 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 2 - 

proceedings in domestic relations court eventually resulted in a shared custody agreement between 

A.G. and W.S. 

¶ 2 On November 12, 2019, A.G. obtained an emergency order of protection against W.S., 

based on allegations that L.S. was sexually abused by W.S. While the Department of Children and 

Family Services (DCFS) investigated the accusations, W.S. was prohibited from having contact 

with L.S. 

¶ 3 The investigation by DCFS determined that A.G.’s allegations were not corroborated and 

were unfounded. On December 19, 2019, the State filed a petition for adjudication of wardship 

alleging that L.S. was a neglected and abused minor due to A.G.’s actions. The trial court entered 

findings of probable cause and urgent and immediate necessity and determined that reasonable 

efforts could not prevent or eliminate the need to remove L.S. from the home. The court awarded 

temporary custody of L.S. to Janet Wukas-Ahern, the guardianship administrator for DCFS. 

¶ 4 On December 30, 2019, the trial court conducted a second temporary custody hearing and 

amended the custody order to grant W.S. custody of L.S., subject to a section 2-25 order of 

protection (705 ILCS 405/2-25 (West 2018)). A.G. was granted supervised visits with L.S. 

¶ 5 On March 11, 2021, the court held an adjudicatory hearing. L.S. was adjudged a neglected 

minor based on an injurious environment and lack of care (705 ILCS 405/2-3(1)(a), (b) (West 

2020)). A dispositional hearing immediately followed. The trial court adjudged L.S. a ward of the 

court; found A.G. unable to care for, protect, train, or discipline the minor; and found W.S. fit, 

able, and willing to care for, protect, train, and discipline the minor. 

¶ 6 The trial court then granted W.S.’s motion to close the proceedings and (1) vacated the 

previous order of protection, (2) found the family to no longer require court monitoring, and

(3) found it to be in the best interests of L.S. to close the case. Legal custody was ordered to stand 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 3 - 

in W.S., and supervised clinical visitation was ordered to continue for A.G., subject to the terms 

of an agreed mediation order. 

¶ 7 On April 7, 2021, A.G. filed a motion to reconsider. On June 11, 2021, the trial court denied 

the motion. A.G. filed a timely notice of appeal on July 7, 2021. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 

Illinois Supreme Court Rule 301 (eff. Feb. 1, 1994) and Rule 303 (eff. July 1, 2017).1

¶ 8 I. BACKGROUND

¶ 9 On December 19, 2019, the State filed a petition for adjudication of wardship in this matter. 

A temporary custody hearing was held the same day. A.G. appeared in court, but W.S. did not. 

The State’s petition alleged L.S. was a neglected or abused minor under sections 2-3(1)(a), 2-

3(1)(b) and 2-3(2)(ii) of the Juvenile Court Act of 1987 (Act) (705 ILCS 405/2-3(1)(a), (b), 2-

3(2)(ii) (West 2018)) based on the following facts: 

“Mother has made multiple allegations of sexual and physical abuse against 

father and numerous paternal relatives. The minor has been evaluated numerous 

times by medical professionals with no corroboration of mother’s allegations. 

Minor has never reported that he has been abused. Mother is the only person who 

states that minor says he has been abused. Domestic Relations Court has suspended 

father’s visits pending DCFS investigation. Mother has made numerous unusual 

outbursts in court, doctor’s office, and DCFS office. Mother had to be removed 

from the CAC2 by Chicago Police during one outburst. DCFS has requested mother 

1

In adherence with the requirements of Illinois Supreme Court Rule 352(a) (eff. July 1, 2018), 

this appeal has been resolved without oral argument upon the entry of a separate written order.

2

“CAC” refers to the Children’s Advocacy Center.
No. 1-21-0824 

- 4 - 

do a psychiatric examination and mother has refused. Mother is not allowing access 

to minor. Paternity has been established.” 

¶ 10 The State also filed a motion for temporary custody and a supporting affidavit from the 

Division of Child Protection (DCP) Investigator Karen Goldmeier. Ms. Goldmeier alleged that 

L.S. was currently at risk based on concerns regarding A.G.’s mental health status. Ms. 

Goldmeier’s affidavit alleged:

“The 4-year-old minor, [L.S.], is currently at risk under the care of his 

biological mother, [A.G.], due to mental health concerns. The mother has failed to 

complete a mental health evaluation requested by the Department of Child 

Protection. The minor’s primary care physician, Northbrook police, the father’s 

attorney have expressed fear for the safety of the minor due to the observations of 

the mother’s erratic behavior and statements the mother has made. The mother has 

refused access to the 4-year-old minor.” 

¶ 11 Ms. Goldmeier testified in support of DCFS’s recommendation that the minor be removed 

from his home and placed with the guardianship administrator. While investigating A.G.’s 

allegations that W.S. sexually abused L.S., DCFS became concerned about A.G.’s mental health. 

A.G. failed to cooperate with DCFS and refused to complete a mental health assessment. In 

domestic relations court, A.G. was heard announcing her intent to never turn L.S. over to W.S. 

A.G. also failed to cooperate with DCFS’s efforts to take protective custody of L.S. 

¶ 12 The trial court found probable cause to believe that L.S. was neglected and that an urgent 

and immediate necessity existed to remove him from A.G.’s care. The trial court found that A.G.

had made multiple uncorroborated allegations of sexual and physical abuse against W.S. These

allegations resulted in W.S.’s visitation with L.S. being suspended pending DCFS’s investigation 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 5 - 

of this matter. A.G. refused to submit to a psychiatric examination and refused to grant DCFS 

access to L.S. As such, the court found that reasonable efforts could not prevent or eliminate the 

need to remove L.S. from his home. The trial court issued a child protection warrant for L.S. and 

appointed Janet Wukas-Ahern as temporary guardian ad litem. 

¶ 13 A.G. argued with the trial judge, who repeatedly told her that she failed to cooperate with 

DCFS and needed to do so going forward. Pending further investigation, A.G. was given 

supervised visitation with L.S. L.S. was placed temporarily in the custody of his paternal 

grandmother. 

¶ 14 On December 30, 2019, A.G. and W.S. both appeared in juvenile court before a different 

trial judge3 for reconsideration of the temporary custody order. The Cook County Public Guardian 

(Public Guardian) and the State now recommended that custody of L.S. be given to W.S. A lengthy 

evidentiary hearing followed, at which Ms. Goldmeier provided additional testimony detailing 

facts established during the ongoing investigation by DCFS. 

¶ 15 Evidence adduced at the hearing established that on November 12, 2019, A.G. applied for 

and was granted an emergency order of protection against W.S. That same day, L.S.’s case came 

to the attention of DCFS upon their receipt of a hotline call of sexual abuse. Ms. Goldmeier, who 

held a master’s degree in social work from the University of Illinois, was assigned to L.S.’s case. 

¶ 16 By the time the hotline call was placed, the Northbrook Police Department was already 

investigating this matter, and L.S. had seen two doctors regarding the sex abuse allegations. Ms. 

Goldmeier spoke with Detective Theresa Drews, who was one of the investigating officers. 

3

The Honorable Patrick T. Murphy presided over this hearing. 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 6 - 

Detective Drews had “concerns” about A.G. because she provided inconsistent reports of what 

L.S. told her had happened to him. 

¶ 17 Ms. Goldmeier testified that medical records from St. Mary’s Hospital were compared with 

A.G.’s claim that during L.S.’s examination that he “popped his butt upward which was too sexual 

for her liking ***.” However, the hospital records established that L.S. was smiling, playful, and 

made no allegations of abuse. A rape kit taken at St. Mary’s Hospital revealed no physical evidence 

of abuse to L.S.

¶ 18 Detective Drews also informed Ms. Goldmeier that A.G. failed to disclose that she made a 

police report with the Arlington Heights Police Department before making the same complaint 

with the Northbrook Police Department. 

¶ 19 After L.S. was examined at St. Mary’s Hospital, A.G. took him to Northwest Community 

Hospital for a second medical examination. That examination also failed to reveal any physical 

evidence of abuse. 

¶ 20 On November 13, 2019, Ms. Goldmeier spoke with A.G. and learned more family history,

including the fact that W.S. had previously obtained an order of protection against A.G. In 2017, 

after A.G. participated in family therapy, she was allowed unsupervised visitation with L.S. from 

Saturday to Monday. L.S. resided with W.S. for the remainder of the week. In February of 2019, 

a judge in domestic relations court granted A.G. and W.S. shared custody of L.S. 

¶ 21 W.S. moved from Chicago to Arlington Heights in August of 2019. A.G. alleged that after 

the move, L.S. told her that W.S.’s cousin and uncle were hitting L.S. in the basement of their 

Northbrook home. A.G. brought these claims to W.S.’s attention, but he denied them.
No. 1-21-0824 

- 7 - 

¶ 22 On November 19, 2019, L.S. participated in a victim-sensitive interview (VSI) at the 

CAC.

4 Detective Drews and Ms. Goldmeier observed the interview. According to Ms. Goldmeier, 

L.S. did very well and answered all the questions asked of him. L.S. denied reporting that anyone 

did anything to his penis or that anything “had happened to him.” L.S. also denied that anyone 

harmed him at his grandmother’s house. L.S. said that he loved W.S. 

¶ 23 After the interview, Ms. Goldmeier and Detective Drews spoke with A.G. A.G. became 

irate when Ms. Goldmeier and Detective Drews recommended that L.S. receive therapeutic 

services. A.G. also demonstrated paranoid thinking, accusing W.S. of “cloning” her phone and 

breaking into her home and installing surveillance cameras. 

¶ 24 The investigation continued. L.S.’s primary care physician, Dr. Christina C. Cedeno, M.D., 

informed Ms. Goldmeier that she also had concerns about A.G.’s behavior. Dr. Cedeno reported 

that A.G. began making sexual abuse allegations in July of 2019, when she claimed that L.S. 

displayed sexualized behavior and had a red anus. A.G. became agitated during this appointment. 

W.S. was present at this appointment as well. L.S.’s physical examination revealed no abnormality.

¶ 25 On December 9, 2019, A.G. brought L.S. to the doctor’s office for an examination but left 

when she learned that Dr. Cedeno would be conducting the examination. 

¶ 26 On December 10, 2019, A.G. met with Ms. Goldmeier and her supervisor. A.G. was asked 

to complete a mental health assessment. When A.G. asked DCFS to release information 

concerning the pending investigation of this matter to the Mexican consulate, she refused to allow 

DCFS to explain that such information could not be legally released because it involved a pending 

investigation. A.G. then began addressing Ms. Goldmeier’s supervisor as “Babe” and “Doll.” After 

4

The VSI has not been included in the record on appeal. 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 8 - 

A.G. became increasingly aggressive, she was asked to leave. A.G. refused to leave the building, 

and Ms. Goldmeier was directed to get security. A.G. moved to the hallway and continued to yell 

at staff. Eventually, a detective assigned to the building stopped to monitor the situation. Ms. 

Goldmeier testified that multiple similar incidents increased DCFS’s concern about A.G.’s mental 

health. 

¶ 27 On December 18, 2019, Detective Drews told Ms. Goldmeier that the police believed there 

was insufficient evidence to initiate criminal charges against W.S. Moreover, Detective Drews was 

concerned about A.G.’s mental health. A.G. believed that someone had installed cameras in her 

home. She also related that she found a notebook in her home that contained a “pro” and “con” list 

of whether someone was or was not a criminal. 

¶ 28 That same day, A.G. sent an e-mail to DCFS, refusing to either get a mental health 

evaluation or allow DCFS to see her medical records, which, according to A.G., included a 

previous psychiatric evaluation. 

¶ 29 On December 24, 2019, Ms. Goldmeier attended a hearing in domestic relations court. She

testified that DCFS would be recommending unfounding the allegations against W.S. The trial 

court then vacated the order of protection. 

¶ 30 The child protection warrant for L.S. was executed when A.G. handed him over to Ms. 

Goldmeier at a coffee shop at Halsted and Diversey Avenues. Ms. Goldmeier testified that A.G.

was understandably upset, but police intervention became necessary when A.G. became verbally 

aggressive. For a period of time following the transfer of custody to DCFS, A.G. was not allowed 

to visit with L.S. because of threats she made to Ms. Goldmeier and her supervisor. 

¶ 31 Ms. Goldmeier testified that W.S., who resided with his mother, moved out of his mother’s 

home when she was given temporary custody of L.S. Ms. Goldmeier recommended that L.S. be 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 9 - 

returned to W.S.’s care under a section 2-25 order of protection (705 ILCS 405/2-25 (West 2018))

and that L.S. receive services for apparent signs of trauma. Ms. Goldmeier opined that such 

disposition was in L.S.’s best interest where no credible evidence established that L.S. was 

sexually abused and where DCFS had no concerns about returning L.S. to his father’s care. 

¶ 32 DCFS remained concerned about L.S.’s safety insofar as A.G. was concerned and needed 

her to complete a mental health assessment or provide a copy of a previously-completed mental 

health assessment.

¶ 33 W.S. also testified at the hearing. W.S. testified that he was a waiter at a country club in 

Arlington Heights. He and A.G. did not get along. W.S.’s greatest concern was A.G.’s aggression 

towards him in front of L.S. 

¶ 34 A.G. provided testimony as well. She testified that she last worked as a server at a 

restaurant. After graduating from Buffalo Grove High School, A.G. attended Harper College for a 

year and a half. In the summer of 2018, when A.G. and W.S. received shared custody of L.S., the 

two were getting along. A.G. decided to “take” L.S. on November 8, 2019, when he asked her to 

put her finger in his butt and push to make him feel good. A.G. testified that she believed what 

L.S. told her. 

¶ 35 The trial court found probable cause to believe that L.S. was a neglected minor but that no 

urgent and immediate necessity existed to require removing L.S from his home. An amended 

temporary custody order was entered, returning L.S. to W.S.’s custody, subject to an order of 

protection. The terms of the order included a requirement that W.S. ensure that L.S. receive at least 

three weekly supervised visits with A.G. The court also entered a mediation/facilitation order that 

required A.G. and W.S. to participate in scheduled sessions to resolve issues related to visitation, 

services, litigation, court process, and communication. 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 10 - 

¶ 36 The matter was continued for status hearings on January 7, 2020, March 16, 2020, and July 

14, 2020. On November 17, 2020, A.G. filed an “Objection to Conducting the Adjudicatory 

Hearing by Videoconference.” On November 30, 2020, the State filed a response to her motion. 

On December 8, 2020, A.G. filed a reply. On December 10, 2020, the trial court made findings of 

fact and denied her motion for an in-person hearing. 

¶ 37 The adjudicatory and dispositional hearings were scheduled to occur on March 11, 2021. 

On March 9, 2021, W.S. filed a “Motion for Case Closure” under section 2-31 of the Act (705 

ILCS 405/2-31 (West 2020)).” On March 10, 2021, A.G. filed a “Memorandum in Support of 

Father’s Motion to Vacate the 2-25 Order of Protection and Cross-Motion to Dismiss” (crossmotion). The cross-motion sought pretrial dismissal of the petition for adjudication of wardship on 

three separate bases. First, A.G. relied on In re Z.L., 2020 IL App (1st) 200151,

5 to support her 

claim that preadjudicatory dismissal was appropriate, based on “evidence” that arose since the

temporary custody hearings were conducted. Second, A.G. moved for dismissal of the petition

pursuant to section 2-615 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-615 (West 2020)). 

Third, A.G. moved for involuntary dismissal based on defects or defenses pursuant to section 2-

619 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-619 (West 2020)).

¶ 38 On March 11, 2021, the prearranged date for both the adjudicatory and dispositional 

hearings, A.G. filed a “Supplement to Mother’s Motion to Dismiss” (supplemental motion). A.G. 

moved for consideration of her motions before the trial court commenced the adjudicatory hearing.

W.S. objected, noting that A.G. had not served him with a copy of the supplemental motion and 

that the parties were prepared for trial. The court found that A.G.’s cross-motion “wasn’t timely 

5

PLA allowed February 25, 2021, No. 126931. 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 11 - 

filed” and that W.S. was not served a copy of the supplemental motion. The court indicated that it 

was proceeding with the trial. 

¶ 39 The adjudicatory hearing commenced. Ms. Goldmeier testified that she was assigned to 

investigate this matter after DCFS received a hotline call on November 8, 2019. On November 13, 

2019, Ms. Goldmeier spoke with A.G. at her home. A.G. related that she and W.S. had a two-year 

relationship that ended shortly after the birth of L.S. There was physical, verbal, and emotional 

domestic violence in the relationship. A.G. claimed that W.S. instigated an incident that resulted 

in an order of protection being entered against her. Between 2017 and 2019, A.G. had unsupervised 

visitation with L.S. from Saturday to Monday. In February of 2019, W.S. and A.G. were awarded

shared custody of L.S. A.G. was displeased when W.S. moved from Chicago to Arlington Heights 

in August of 2019. 

¶ 40 A.G. related that she accused W.S. of sexual abuse based on an incident after L.S. returned 

from W.S.’s home. L.S. asked A.G. to insert her finger into his anus because it felt good. She 

immediately took L.S. to the hospital for an examination. Later that night, L.S. woke up screaming 

in the middle of the night. He would not tell A.G. who was hurting him or why he was upset and 

scared. A.G. began playing a game with L.S. where he would provide clues as to who his abuser 

was. He described the person as a man with a beard and green eyes, which A.G. said matched W.S. 

She took steps to start an investigation and obtained an emergency order of protection against W.S. 

on November 12, 2019. 

¶ 41 Ms. Goldmeier further testified that at the VSI that took place on November 19, 2019, L.S. 

denied any sexual abuse. He denied that anyone touched his private parts. He denied telling anyone 

that anything of a sexual nature had occurred. Following the interview, Ms. Goldmeier and 

Detective Drews spoke to A.G. about the next steps in the investigation process. Since L.S. did not 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 12 - 

disclose any abuse, Ms. Goldmeier and Detective Drews recommended that L.S. begin therapy “to 

process whether any abuse had occurred and have him be comfortable to disclose it at a later date 

if there was any abuse occurring.” A.G. reacted by becoming very hostile and verbally aggressive. 

She yelled and accused Ms. Goldmeier and Detective Drews of not responding to her or answering 

her questions. A.G. was told that the investigation was ongoing to determine whether any basis 

existed for finding that L.S. was abused. 

¶ 42 Ms. Goldmeier testified that A.G. appeared to be paranoid and depressed. She told Ms. 

Goldmeier and Detective Drews that W.S. had cloned her phone. Detective Drews told A.G. to file 

a police report with the Chicago Police Department if she believed that this had occurred.

¶ 43 On December 10, 2019, A.G. spoke on the phone with Ms. Goldmeier and her supervisor. 

A.G. was again assured that the investigation was ongoing. A.G. was concerned that W.S. coached 

L.S. not to disclose that he was sexually abused. Ms. Goldmeier recommended that A.G. receive 

a mental health assessment because Ms. Goldmeier believed that A.G. was displaying signs of 

paranoia and acting aggressively. Initially, A.G. agreed. She told Ms. Goldmeier that an 

assessment had been completed as part of her custody agreement with W.S. and that she would 

send it to her. A.G. also agreed to go to Stroger Hospital for a mental health assessment on the 

following day. Ms. Goldmeier provided A.G. with the necessary referral and also provided a 

referral to enable L.S. to receive therapy.

¶ 44 Ms. Goldmeier testified that on December 12, 2019, she and her supervisor left a voicemail 

on A.G.’s phone when she did not answer the call. 

¶ 45 On December 13, 2019, A.G. called Ms. Goldmeier’s supervisor to inform her that she was 

coming to DCFS’s office with a form for the Mexican consulate. Upon arriving, A.G. gave them 

a release for DCFS to provide information concerning this matter to the Mexican consulate. A.G. 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 13 - 

refused to allow Ms. Goldmeier and her supervisor to explain that pending investigations cannot 

be shared because they are confidential. 

¶ 46 Ms. Goldmeier testified that A.G. was combative and began yelling. When A.G. then spoke 

to someone on her phone in Spanish, Ms. Goldmeier’s supervisor requested a Spanish-speaking 

investigator to come to her office to act as a translator. A.G. responded by accusing Ms. Goldmeier 

and the supervisor of “having a problem” with her speaking in Spanish and told the Spanishspeaking investigator that he could leave because she would continue to speak in English. 

¶ 47 A.G. then referred to the supervisor as “Babe.” When the supervisor told her that this was

inappropriate, A.G. referred to her as “Doll.” When A.G. became increasingly louder, she was

asked to leave. She then walked to the hallway and continued yelling, accusing Ms. Goldmeier

and her supervisor of not doing their jobs. A detective who was passing by stopped to monitor the 

situation. The supervisor then contacted building security to escort A.G. out of the building. 

¶ 48 On December 17, 2019, in a telephone conversation, A.G. told Ms. Goldmeier that she had 

not yet completed the mental health assessment but would do it the following day. A.G. again 

agreed to send Ms. Goldmeier her assessment from the previous domestic relations case. She did 

neither. Instead, on December 18, 2019, A.G. sent an e-mail in which she refused to either share 

the previous assessment or participate in a new assessment. A.G. requested that DCFS continue 

investigating her allegations and only communicate with her by e-mail. 

¶ 49 Ms. Goldmeier and her supervisor attempted to call A.G. to discuss her e-mail because they 

were concerned about L.S.’s safety. After initially answering the call, A.G. hung up the phone. 

She sent another e-mail directing DCFS to only communicate with her by e-mail. At this point, 

Ms. Goldmeier’s supervisor instructed her to go directly to A.G.’s home to assess L.S.’s safety. 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 14 - 

¶ 50 When Ms. Goldmeier arrived at the home, no one was there. Ms. Goldmeier left a 

voicemail for A.G., who called back and told Ms. Goldmeier that she would be home in about 40 

minutes. After waiting about 45 minutes, Ms. Goldmeier called A.G. Upon receiving no answer, 

she left. Based on the hostility displayed by A.G. and her failure to provide DCFS with a mental 

health assessment, Ms. Goldmeier was concerned for L.S.’s safety. 

¶ 51 A.G. later called Ms. Goldmeier’s supervisor and reported that she had now arrived at 

home. The supervisor then informed her that due to her failure to complete the mental health 

assessment, DCFS felt that it was necessary to take protective custody of L.S. A.G. was instructed 

to turn L.S. over to DCFS. A.G. refused to do so and hung up the phone. DCFS investigators 

attempted, without success, to take protective custody of L.S. throughout the night. Ms. Goldmeier 

could not meet with L.S. and assess his safety until after A.G. was ordered to turn over L.S. 

following the temporary custody hearing on December 19, 2019. 

¶ 52 In the process of investigating this matter, Ms. Goldmeier spoke with multiple police 

departments and obtained medical records from St. Mary’s Hospital, Erie Family Health Center, 

and Northwest Community Hospital. She also talked to L.S.’s primary care physician, Dr. Cedeno. 

¶ 53 Ms. Goldmeier also spoke with W.S., who disclosed that he was diagnosed with depression 

and anxiety and participated in individual therapy. W.S. did not show signs of paranoia and was 

not asked to participate in a mental health assessment. Based on a lack of credible evidence 

showing that L.S. was sexually abused, DCFS unfounded the sexual abuse allegation against W.S.

¶ 54 All medical records were admitted into evidence. 

¶ 55 The records from Erie Family Health showed that on July 19, 2018, A.G. and W.S. took 

L.S. to the office where Dr. Lisa B. McKenna saw him. A.G. was concerned because she had “seen 

worrisome behavior.” She reported seeing L.S. “hump her [A.G.’s]sister,” and “touch her breasts.” 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 15 - 

L.S. had “at times come to her with a very red anus.” Both parents denied that L.S. was exposed 

to sexual activity or pornography. 

¶ 56 A.G. reported that she worked three jobs to enable W.S. to stay home with L.S. and 

“expressed angrily that [W.S.] betrayed her by serving her with papers seeking custody.” A.G.

reported that she was in therapy. When Dr. McKenna observed that a child’s behavioral problems 

can result from conflict between adult caregivers, A.G. replied, “[T]hank you for your opinion, but 

I came here for an exam. I did not come for therapy with someone who does not know me.” A,G, 

then asked to leave. 

¶ 57 W.S. asked Dr. McKenna to record everything she observed that day. Dr. McKenna noted 

that W.S. said that he did not make any of the observations made by A.G. and had no concerns 

about L.S.’s behavior. 

¶ 58 Dr. McKenna observed that “[M]om appeared to anxiously seek to comfort child and 

offered phone. When dad states he thought child was fine, she angrily retorted that at least she was 

trying to comfort her child.” 

¶ 59 L.S. cried during the appointment and asked to go home. A standard physical examination 

revealed no abnormalities. Dr. McKenna recommended family therapy and parenting classes.

¶ 60 The records from St. Mary’s Hospital established that on November 8, 2019, A.G. took 

L.S. to the emergency room based on her concern that L.S. was sexually abused. A.G. told staff at 

St. Mary’s that L.S. awoke in the morning and was very playful. He asked A.G. to put her finger 

in his butt, move it around, and make it feel good and to put her finger in his belly button and move 

it around to make it feel good. An examination revealed no injuries, rashes, abrasions, or burns. 

¶ 61 On November 11, 2019, A.G. took L.S. to the emergency room at Northwest Community 

Hospital. She reported that L.S. had been acting out and bedwetting for several months. A.G.
No. 1-21-0824 

- 16 - 

reported that on November 8, 2019, L.S. told her “to put a finger in his butt to make it feel better.” 

A.G. informed the emergency room nurse that she contacted the police and took L.S. to the 

emergency room at St. Mary’s Hospital. She reported that results of testing conducted at St. Mary’s 

Hospital were negative. Since then, A.G. said that L.S. had revealed more information. A.G. was 

concerned that DCFS was not notified because she had not heard from them. Based on what L.S. 

told A.G., she believed that W.S. was hurting L.S. A.G. took L.S. to Northwest Community 

Hospital based on the recommendation of the Arlington Heights Police Department. The results of 

L.S.’s physical examination was normal. 

¶ 62 On November 18, 2019, A.G. took L.S. to Erie Health Services for a physical examination. 

She presented medical staff with a police report containing the allegations of sexual abuse. In the 

medical records from this visit, Dr. Cedeno states A.G. reported that: 

 “[L.S.] had been acting out a lot but attributed his behavior to recent moves 

to September and October from each parent. 

He would have nightmares—he has been waking up and bedwetting. He 

states that the person was his “Dada.” Other times, he would be hesitant to disclose 

who the person is but he would say he looks like the host of Blues Clues, with green 

eyes and black hair and scruffy beard—who resembles the father. 

The child states that the mother does not love him several times, and she 

believes it’s because she won’t replicate the father’s actions. 

Child Advocacy Center conducted the exam and recommended amoxicillin 

for undisclosed infection. She was not told what the antibiotic is for. She is worried 

that the impetigo around his mouth that was diagnosed in August may be due to 

something the father did. He has had breakouts since then, but none today. 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 17 - 

She said that she tried to bring him in last week, but the father had taken her 

off his insurance and she didn’t have access to the child’s insurance. She said the 

father also tried to change pediatricians to someone out in Arlington Heights. She 

has had suspicions about abuse because she would note that the child’s anus was 

always red and did ask father if he touched him, to which he replied no. 

She feels that he is scratching his nose a lot. He also has some dryness at 

the bridge of his nose.” 

¶ 63 The forensic interview of L.S. conducted on November 19, 2019, was also admitted into

evidence. 

¶ 64 At the conclusion of the adjudicatory hearing, the trial court ruled: 

 “Thank you. I find that the State has met its burden by a preponderance of 

the evidence, neglect injurious environment and care necessary. The mother 

reported that the minor was the victim of sexual abuse or sexual abuse by the father. 

The Department arranged for a forensic interview of the minor and investigated 

Mom’s allegations in conjunction with the local police. The allegations were 

unfounded. 

 Additionally, the mother reported her concerns to three different hospitals 

where the minor was subjected to but had normal abuse—I’m sorry—normal 

examinations. The mother persisted in her allegations and would raise her voice, 

scream at the worker, and police personnel and act in a way described as 

paranoid, including her belief that the father had cloned her phone and that the 

father’s sister, who was a doctor, might interfere in the minor’s treatment and that 

there were cameras watching her.
No. 1-21-0824 

- 18 - 

 She was directed to do a mental health assessment and/or provide the records 

of a prior assessment she had. Mother refused to do either. The Department was 

reasonably concerned about the safety of the minor. 

 I find that the Department took the mother’s allegations seriously and 

professionally followed up and conducted a fair investigation. For those reasons, 

the State has met it[s] burden.” 

¶ 65 A.G.’s attorney renewed his request for the court to consider that part of his cross-motion 

that sought a preadjudicatory hearing consideration of whether changed conditions supported a 

conclusion that no adjudicatory hearing was required. The court denied AG’s motion. 

¶ 66 The court then conducted a dispositional hearing. The integrated assessment (IA) 

conducted by DCFS and completed in May of 2020 was admitted into evidence. In addition to 

what has previously been recounted, the IA noted that A.G. believed that L.S. gained confidence 

after she obtained an order of protection prohibiting W.S. from having contact with him. A.G. also 

alleged that L.S. told her that, while he was at W.S.’s house, he was electrocuted and people took 

turns putting things inside his body. 

¶ 67 A.G. said that contacting DCFS was the worst mistake she ever made because it led to L.S. 

being removed from her care and placed in the care of W.S. She was frustrated that DCFS was 

focusing on her when she and L.S. were both abused by W.S. A.G. reported that W.S. was verbally, 

physically, and emotionally abusive and had “control issues.” W.S. took prescription medication 

for depression. He isolated A.G. from her family and friends. W.S. was “spiteful,” having brought

false claims of abuse against her that he then relied on in their child custody case. 

¶ 68 The IA found that A.G. had mental health symptoms that directly impacted her ability to 

provide care for L.S. The IA noted that she was receiving no services to treat her mental health 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 19 - 

symptoms, which resulted in her failing to provide a protective and nurturing parental role and a 

safe and healthy environment. While A.G. had many positive parenting qualities, she lacked the 

ability to identify aspects of age-appropriate development. 

¶ 69 The IA expressed concern that, during visits between L.S. and A.G., she asked L.S. 

inappropriate questions. L.S. responded negatively to their visits. During one visit, after asking 

L.S. questions about stains that she observed on his hands and fingers, she photographed them.

The stains were made with markers. 

¶ 70 A.G. recounted an incident in which L.S. grabbed her earring and broke it and then said, 

“My dad has accidents all the time, they happened to me, and he hits my head on accident.” A.G.

continued to make hotline calls reporting that L.S. was hurt while in W.S.’s care. L.S. continued 

to deny that he was abused.

¶ 71 The IA stated that the prognosis for L.S. to be returned to A.G.’s care was “guarded,” where 

she had not identified areas of need for improvement to successfully address L.S.’s needs and 

lacked insight into the potential impact of her own mental health issues on her parenting. A.G.

needed to participate in therapeutic services. Her continued inappropriate questioning of L.S. 

required therapeutically supervised visits since L.S. demonstrated regression and negative 

behaviors that could be damaging if allowed to continue. 

¶ 72 The clinical screener found that A.G. was an articulate mother who expressed her desire 

for L.S. to be safe and loved. She had a history of anger and irritability and trouble expressing her 

emotions and coping in appropriate ways. She displayed bizarre and paranoid behavior. A.G. 

appeared to be unable to safely parent L.S. and placed him at risk because he could not rely on 

receiving safe and predictable responses from her. A.G.’s lack of proper emotional skills could 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 20 - 

result in her becoming angry and having impaired decision-making, leading to her making false 

reports.

¶ 73 The screener recommended that A.G. continue to participate in individual therapy and 

undergo a full-scale psychiatric assessment. It was recommended that she participate in the 

Nurturing Parenting Program (NPP). The screener recommended that A.G. continue to have 

supervised visits with L.S. 

¶ 74 The IA also contained an interview with, and observations of W.S. W.S. stated that A.G.

made an intentional false allegation of sexual assault against him. In March of 2017, W.S. obtained 

a two-year order of protection against A.G. for a violent episode in which she threw objects at him. 

During that episode, A.G. became agitated and kicked W.S. while he was holding L.S. W.S., who 

received a bruised tailbone, went to see a doctor and reported this incident. A police report 

indicated that W.S. had received medical treatment for a bruised tailbone and back pain that he 

reported receiving from A.G. In February of 2019, a default judgment was entered, giving A.G. 

and W.S. shared custody of L.S. 

¶ 75 In addition to the IA, the court heard live testimony. DCFS caseworker Carolina Bono

testified that on October 8, 2020, she was assigned to this case. Ms. Bono determined that L.S.’s 

placement with W.S. was safe and appropriate. She observed no signs of abuse or neglect, corporal 

punishment, or any risk of harm. L.S. had no special needs but participated in individual weekly 

therapy covered by W.S.’s health insurance policy. L.S. was making progress and doing very well. 

L.S.’s therapist informed Ms. Bono that L.S. was a very engaging child. 

¶ 76 L.S. had an in-person supervised visit with A.G. on March 8, 2021. This was her first inperson visit with L.S. since September of 2020. A.G.’s visits with L.S. were terminated for a period 

of time based on her repeatedly questioning him about physical and sexual abuse. 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 21 - 

¶ 77 A.G.’s inappropriate behavior during visits with L.S. resulted in a determination that she 

required clinically supervised visits. COVID-19 created difficulties in scheduling in-person 

clinically-supervised visits. In the meantime, A.G.’s virtual visits with L.S. were increased from 

once a week to three times a week. 

¶ 78 The IA recommended that A.G. participate in reunification services, including individual 

therapy, a psychiatric assessment and treatment, a referral to a DCFS consulting psychologist, a 

domestic violence assessment, and parenting education and coaching. She was also referred to the 

National Youth Advocacy Program (NYAP) for individual therapy. 

¶ 79 A psychological examination was completed on June 10, 2020. A.G. was found to have an 

adjustment disorder with a depressed mood. She completed a psychiatric evaluation on November 

14, 2020. She was again diagnosed with an adjustment disorder with a depressed mood for which 

no medication was prescribed. 

¶ 80 A.G. consistently attended therapy at NYAP and met her goals. She refused to participate 

in a domestic violence assessment because she said she was working on these issues with her 

therapist at NYAP, who was certified in domestic violence. A.G. completed the NPP on December 

2, 2020. She was not found to need any additional services. 

¶ 81 DCFS recommended that A.G.’s visits remain supervised. She had complained about some 

of the terminologies that L.S. was using. L.S.’s therapist verified that his language was appropriate 

and developmentally on track for a child of his age. 

¶ 82 The IA recommended that W.S. continue receiving individual therapy. W.S. also 

participated in the NPP and completed a domestic violence assessment. According to Ms. Bono, 

W.S. made a lot of progress. He participated in ongoing therapy and had received psychiatric care 

for his diagnosis, including being prescribed medication. 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 22 - 

¶ 83 Ms. Bono testified that the interactions between W.S. and L.S. were “[v]ery positive, very 

appropriate. Both the child and the father are very loving. Father is very appropriate in giving the 

child certain limitations. The kid is not running like crazy all over the house or grabbing things. 

It’s very endearing to see both of them, actually.” 

¶ 84 Ms. Bono was aware of W.S.’s motion to close the case. She discussed the issue with her 

supervisor and recommended that the case be closed and L.S. remain in W.S.’s custody. These

recommendations were based on DCFS’s determination that (1)W.S. was willing, fit, and able to 

care for L.S., who had been in his custody for over a year, (2) W.S. had a stable home, acted 

appropriately, and continued to participate in individual therapy, and (3) W.S. continued to take 

L.S. to therapy. There was no indication that L.S. was abused or neglected by his father. W.S. 

ensured that he would continue to bring L.S. for clinically supervised visits with A.G. if the case 

was closed. 

¶ 85 A letter from Michael Altobelli, W.S.’s licensed professional therapist, was also admitted 

in evidence. It indicated that W.S. was his patient since September 11, 2019, and was achieving 

his goals. W.S. implemented DCFS’s recommendation that L.S. receive individual therapy. That 

therapy included a child/parent counseling aspect directed to improving the father/son relationship. 

Through therapy, W.S. learned the skills to successfully attend to L.S.’s developmental needs. 

¶ 86 A Partner Abuse Intervention Program (PAIP) evaluation found that W.S. required no 

additional services.

¶ 87 At the conclusion of the hearing, the State asked the court to adjudge L.S. a ward of the 

court, find A.G. unable to care for L.S., and find W.S. fit, able, and willing to care for L.S. The 

Public Guardian requested that L.S. be ordered to remain in the care and custody of W.S. and asked 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 23 - 

that the matter be closed. W.S.’s request mirrored that of the Public Guardian. A.G.’s attorney 

asked that the court find her fit, willing, and able to care for L.S. 

¶ 88 The court made the following findings: 

 “Okay. The Court finds that it is in the best interests of the minor that he be 

adjudged a ward of the Court. I find that the mother is unable only and that the 

father is fit, willing, and able. The mother thus far has had only one clinically 

supervised visit, and the testimony is that the allegations that brought the case in 

still persist.

The Father has completed all of his services. He was engaged and completed 

services and he ensures that his son continues in therapy. There is a mediation 

agreement in place that covers visitation issues.

6

 The minor shall remain in the care and custody of the father. I vacate the 

guardian ad litemship and close this matter.”

¶ 89 A.G. asked the court to stay the proceeding, pending a motion to reconsider. The court 

stated that she could file a motion to reconsider but refused to stay the proceedings. A.G. made an 

oral motion for the court to reconsider the previously denied cross-motion. The court denied the 

motion. 

¶ 90 On April 7, 2021, A.G. filed a “Motion to Reconsider this Court’s March 11, 2021, Refusal 

to Hear Mother’s Motion to Dismiss, and this Court’s Adjudication and Dispositional Findings.” 

On June 11, 2021, the parties appeared before the trial court on A.G.’s motion. At that time, she 

6

A “Memorandum of Agreement,” dated March 3, 2021, sets out the agreed-upon terms of A.G.’s 

visitation with L.S.
No. 1-21-0824 

- 24 - 

filed a more expansive version of her motion to reconsider. The second filing was first served on 

the parties and the court that day. 

¶ 91 The parties were given leave to argue their respective positions.

¶ 92 In denying A.G.’s motion, the trial court made the following findings: 

 “I’m ready to rule. First, we already ruled and denied the Mother’s motion to 

reconsider. I’m not considering that today. 

With respect to the motion to reconsider the adjudicatory findings, the Court 

made specific factual findings in totality to support the adjudicatory ruling, and I 

invite the reviewing court, if this is filed, to review same. The motion to 

reconsider those findings is denied. 

 I’m also striking the amended motion filed this a.m. I’m told it is over 100 

pages. I have obviously not reviewed it. I just did a check of my email, I did not 

even receive it, but I have considered Counsel’s arguments that were raised today. 

For those reasons, that is the Court’s ruling. Thank you.” 

¶ 93 II. ANALYSIS

¶ 94 On appeal, A.G. raises two issues. First, she alleges that the petition for adjudication of 

wardship failed to state a cause of action. A.G. maintains that the trial court erred where it refused 

to consider her section 2-615 motion to dismiss based on it being untimely filed. Alternatively, she 

argues that she was denied the effective assistance of counsel where a timely filed motion would 

have been meritorious. 

¶ 95 A.G. also alleges that she was denied her statutory right to be present at the adjudicatory 

and dispositional hearings in this matter where they were conducted by audio-video conference, 

using an Internet-based video-conference platform, Zoom Video Communications (Zoom). 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 25 - 

¶ 96 For the reasons that follow, we affirm the findings of the trial court. 

¶ 97 A. Whether the Petition for Adjudication of Wardship Stated a Cause of Action 

¶ 98 1. Standard of Review 

¶ 99 Other than delinquency proceedings where the liberty of a minor is at stake, proceedings 

under the Act are governed by the general rules of civil practice as expressed in the provisions of 

the Code (735 ILCS 5/1-101 et seq. (West 2020)); In re Joseph J., 2020 IL App (1st) 190305, ¶ 26. 

Under section 2-615 of the Code, the sufficiency of the petition may be challenged by filing a 

motion to dismiss. Wilson v. County of Cook, 2012 IL 112026, ¶ 14. “The critical inquiry in 

deciding a section 2-615 motion to dismiss is whether the allegations in the complaint, considered 

in a light most favorable to the plaintiff, are sufficient to state a cause of action upon which relief 

can be granted.” Sheffler v. Commonwealth Edison Co., 2011 IL 110166, ¶ 61. 

¶ 100 A petitioner need not prove his case at the pleading stage but must allege sufficient facts 

to state all the elements of the cause of action. Seals v. Rush University Medical Center, 2021 IL 

App (1st) 200558, ¶ 11. In ruling on a motion to dismiss, the trial court considers only those facts 

apparent from the face of the pleadings, matters of which the court may take judicial notice and 

judicial admissions in the record. Pooh-Bah Enterprises, Inc. v. County of Cook, 232 Ill. 2d 463, 

473 (2009). A motion to dismiss should only be granted if there is no set of facts that can be proven 

under which the plaintiff is entitled to relief. Kaskaskia Land Co. v. Vandalia Levee & Drainage 

District, 2019 IL App (5th) 180403, ¶ 19. 

¶ 101 Issues relating to the sufficiency of pleadings raise questions of law and are reviewed

de novo. Pekin Insurance Co. v. Wilson, 237 Ill. 2d 446, 455 (2010); In re Kenneth J., 352 Ill. App. 

3d 967, 973 (2004). A dismissal order may be affirmed for any basis in law or ground appearing 

in the record, regardless of whether the reasons given by the trial court or its findings are correct 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 26 - 

or sound. Motorola Solutions, Inc. v. Zurich Insurance Co., 2015 IL App (1st) 131529, ¶ 104; 

Dratewska-Zator v. Rutherford, 2013 IL App (1st) 122699, ¶ 16. With these general principles in 

place, we now consider whether the trial court erred in refusing to consider A.G.’s claim that the 

petition for adjudication of wardship failed to state a claim.

¶ 102 2. Relevant Facts

¶ 103 We begin with a brief discussion of the relevant facts. A.G. filed what she titled a 

“Memorandum in Support of Father’s Motion to Vacate the 2-25 Order of Protection and CrossMotion to Dismiss.” “The nature of a motion is determined by its substance rather than its 

caption.’ ” Shutkas Electric, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 366 Ill. App. 3d 76, 81 (2006) (quoting J.D. 

Marshall International, Inc. v. First National Bank of Chicago, 272 Ill. App. 3d 883, 888 (1995)). 

Strictly speaking, A.G.’s motion was not a “cross-motion” where W.S. was not seeking a

preadjudicatory dismissal of the petition. Rather, W.S.’s position was wholly antagonistic to that 

of A.G., where he maintained that L.S. should be adjudged neglected based on A.G.’s actions. 

W.S.’s motion was filed in anticipation of a dispositional hearing that presupposed a finding of 

neglect. Put differently, W.S.’s motion sought a postadjudicatory, postdispositional closing of this 

case. 

¶ 104 On the other hand, A.G. sought to use W.S.’s motion as a springboard to seek a 

preadjudicatory dismissal of the petition for adjudication of wardship on three distinct grounds. 

A.G.’s primary argument was that the court’s decision in Z.L. supported a preadjudicatory 

dismissal of the petition based on “evidence” obtained after the temporary custody hearings. 

Alternatively, she maintained that the petition for adjudication of wardship should be dismissed 

for failing to state a cause of action under section 2-615 or based on a defect or defense under 

section 2-619. 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 27 - 

¶ 105 W.S. objected to A.G.’s request for a preadjudicatory hearing on her motion, where the 

parties were ready for trial and where A.G. never served him with a copy of her supplemental 

motion. The supplemental motion maintained that A.G.’s cross-motion was not untimely based on 

Cook County Circuit Court Rule 2.1 (amended Aug. 1, 2000).

7 Alternatively, the supplemental 

motion alleged that if the trial court determined that the cross-motion was untimely, A.G. was 

deprived of the effective assistance of counsel where the motion was meritorious. 

¶ 106 The trial court found that A.G. had not served W.S. with a copy of the supplemental motion

and found A.G.’s cross-motion “wasn’t timely filed.”

¶ 107 3. Timeliness

¶ 108 A.G. no longer relies on local rule 2.1(a) to support her claim that the trial court erred when 

it refused to consider her cross-motion. She now relies on the absence of a time limitation in section 

2-615 for the bringing of a motion to dismiss, as well as on the general rule that the sufficiency of 

a complaint may be challenged at any time if it appears that it absolutely fails to state a cause of 

action that the law will recognize. People v. Vincent, 226 Ill. 2d 1, 8-9 (2007). 

¶ 109 The State correctly argues that the filing requirements for a motion challenging a pleading 

in an abuse and neglect case are circumscribed by local rule. Cook County Circuit Court Rule 

19A.2(B) (eff. Jan. 1, 1993) requires that “[a]n answer or motion with respect to pleadings must 

be filed within twenty-one (21) days after the filing of the petition or the Rule 19A.1 Section B 

7

Rule 2.1(a) provides: “Except in actions appearing on the daily trial call or during the course of 

trial, written notice of the hearing of all motions shall be given to all parties who have appeared and have 

not theretofore been found by the court to be in default for failure to plead, and to all parties whose time to 

appear has not expired on the date of notice. Notice that additional relief has been sought shall be given in 

accordance with Supreme Court Rule 105.” Cook County Cir. Ct. R. 2.1(a) (amended Aug. 21, 2000). 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 28 - 

supplemental petition whichever is later. Upon motion and a showing of good cause the court may 

extend the time for filing.”

¶ 110 Illinois Supreme Court Rule 21(a) (eff. Jan. 1, 2021) provides that “[a] majority of the 

circuit judges in each circuit may adopt rules governing civil and criminal cases which are 

consistent with these rules and the statutes of the State, and which, so far as practicable, shall be 

uniform throughout the State.” “The [circuit] court may, from time to time, make all such rules for 

the orderly disposition of business before them as may be deemed expedient, consistent with law.” 

705 ILCS 35/28 (West 2020). In addition, under section 1-104(b) of the Code (735 ILCS 5/1-

104(b) (West 2020)), circuit courts possess inherent authority to make rules regulating their 

dockets, calendars, and business, so long as those rules do not conflict with statutes or supreme 

court rules. In re Marriage of Jackson, 259 Ill. App. 3d 538, 543 (1994). Local court rules are 

required to be procedural in nature and cannot modify or limit the substantive law. Leonard C. 

Arnold, Ltd. v. Northern Trust Co., 116 Ill. 2d 157, 167 (1987). 

¶ 111 A local court rule has the force of a statute and is binding on the circuit court and parties.

Jones v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 2018 IL App (1st) 170710, ¶ 21. “Like 

supreme court rules, local court rules are meant to be followed, as written, and are not mere 

suggestions or guidelines from which deviations may be made by the litigants.” VC&M, Ltd. v. 

Andrews, 2013 IL 114445, ¶ 26. The trial court has the inherent authority to control matters before 

it as necessary to prevent undue delay or disruption in the proceedings. Id. 

¶ 112 Here, the provisions of local rule 19A apply exclusively to abuse, neglect, and dependency 

proceedings. Rule 19A.2(B) assists in implementing the overriding purpose of the Act to ensure

the “ ‘safety and moral, emotional, mental, and physical welfare’ of minors and the best interest 

of the community.” In re Madison H., 215 Ill. 2d 364, 373 (2005) (quoting 705 ILCS 405/1-2(1) 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 29 - 

(West 2002), and citing In re C.N., 196 Ill. 2d 181, 209 (2001)); 705 ILCS 405/1-2 (West 2018).

The need for these sensitive matters to be handled in an expeditious fashion goes beyond the 

requirements of the Act and local rule 19A and is further reflected in Illinois Supreme Court Rule 

311 (eff. July 1, 2018), which mandates accelerated treatment of appeals in cases involving final 

orders in child custody or allocation of parental responsibilities cases. 

¶ 113 We agree with the State that the trial court’s refusal to consider A.G.’s cross-motion where 

it “wasn’t timely filed” was entirely consonant with local rule 19A.2(B), where A.G. sought 

dismissal of the petition for adjudication of wardship more than a year after it was filed. A.G.

neither acknowledged the applicability of the rule nor sought leave to file a motion showing good 

cause for filing her motion to dismiss beyond the 21-day filing deadline. 

¶ 114 A.G.’s violation of local rule 19.A.2(B) was not an inconsequential matter. Her delay was

wholly unjustified, given everything that occurred between the date the petition was filed, 

December 19, 2019, and the pre-set date for the adjudicatory and dispositional hearings, March 

11, 2021. By March 11, 2021, the parties had appeared in court on numerous occasions, including 

the two temporary custody hearing dates when sworn testimony concerning the underlying basis 

of the allegations outlined in the petition was given. The trial court properly refused to consider 

A.G.’s untimely motion. 

¶ 115 4. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

¶ 116 Next, we consider A.G.’s alternative claim that her attorney’s failure to file a timely motion 

to dismiss the petition for adjudication of wardship denied her the effective assistance of counsel.

We agree with the State, the Public Guardian, and W.S. that A.G. was not denied the effective 

assistance of counsel.
No. 1-21-0824 

- 30 - 

¶ 117 Although there is no constitutional right to counsel in abuse and neglect proceedings, a 

statutory right to counsel is granted under the Act. In re Br. M., 2021 IL 125969, ¶ 41. Specifically, 

section 1-5(1) of the Act provides: 

“[T]he minor who is the subject of the proceeding and his parents *** have the 

right to be present, to be heard, to present evidence material to the proceedings, 

to cross-examine witnesses, to examine pertinent court files and records and 

also, although proceedings under this Act are not intended to be adversary in 

character, the right to be represented by counsel.” 705 ILCS 405/1-5(1) (West 

2018).

¶ 118 Claims of ineffective assistance of counsel in parental rights proceedings are assessed using 

the test set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984). See Br. M., 2021 IL 125969,

¶ 43. As such, A.G. must show that trial counsel rendered substandard representation and that she 

suffered resulting prejudice from the deficient representation. Id. If an ineffective assistance of 

counsel claim can be disposed of by finding a lack of prejudice, the court need not consider whether 

counsel’s performance was deficient. People v. Williams, 2017 IL App (1st) 152021, ¶ 36. 

¶ 119 Here, we find that A.G. is unable to demonstrate that trial counsel’s failure to file a timely 

motion to dismiss prejudiced her where such motion would have been futile. We now consider the 

substance of the allegations contained in the petition for adjudication of wardship. 

¶ 120 5. The Petition Stated a Cause of Action 

¶ 121 A section 2-615 motion to dismiss challenges the legal sufficiency of a complaint based on 

defects apparent on its face. Marshall v. Burger King Corp., 222 Ill. 2d 422, 429 (2006). “ ‘The 

essential test of the sufficiency of the complaint is whether it reasonably informs the defendant of 

a valid claim under a general class of cases of which the court has jurisdiction.’ ” In re Harpman, 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 31 - 

146 Ill. App. 3d 504, 512 (1986) (quoting Skinner v. Mahomet Seymour School District No. 3, 90 

Ill. App. 3d 655, 656-57 (1980)). An action should not be dismissed on the pleadings unless it is 

clearly apparent from the pleadings that no set of facts can be proven that would entitle the plaintiff 

to recover. Marshall, 222 Ill. 2d at 429. In ruling on the motion, the court must accept as true all 

well-pleaded facts in the complaint, as well as any reasonable inferences that may arise from them. 

Maglio v. Advocate Health & Hospitals Corp., 2015 IL App (2d) 140782, ¶ 19. All surplusage and 

conclusory allegations are to be disregarded. Indian Harbor Insurance Co. v. City of Waukegan, 

2015 IL App (2d) 140293, ¶ 12. 

¶ 122 In an abuse and neglect petition, the State must allege that the minor is abused, neglected, 

or dependent and, inter alia, set forth any factual allegations that form the basis for filing the 

petition. 705 ILCS 405/2-13(2) (West 2018). In this case, the petition for adjudication of wardship 

alleged that L.S. was a neglected or abused minor under sections 2-3(1)(a) and (b) and 2-3(2)(ii) 

of the Act. 

¶ 123 Section 2-3(1)(a) and (b) provide:

“(1) Those who are neglected include: 

(a) any minor under 18 years of age or a minor 18 years of age or 

older for whom the court has made a finding of probable cause to believe 

that the minor is abused, neglected, or dependent under subsection (1) of 

Section 2-10 prior to the minor’s 18th birthday who is not receiving the 

proper or necessary support, education as required by law, or medical or 

other remedial care recognized under State law as necessary for a minor’s 

well-being, or other care necessary for his or her well-being, including 

adequate food, clothing and shelter, or who is abandoned by his or her 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 32 - 

parent or parents or other person or persons responsible for the minor’s 

welfare, except that a minor shall not be considered neglected for the sole 

reason that the minor’s parent or parents or other person or persons 

responsible for the minor’s welfare have left the minor in the care of an 

adult relative for any period of time, who the parent or parents or other 

person responsible for the minor’s welfare know is both a mentally 

capable adult relative and physically capable adult relative, as defined by 

this Act; or

(b) any minor under 18 years of age or a minor 18 years of age or 

older for whom the court has made a finding of probable cause to believe 

that the minor is abused, neglected, or dependent under subsection (1) of 

Section 2-10 prior to the minor’s 18th birthday whose environment is 

injurious to his or her welfare ***.” 705 ILCS 405/2-3(1)(a), (b) (West 

2020).

¶ 124 In pertinent part section 2-3(2)(ii) provides: 

 “(2) Those who are abused include any minor under 18 years of age or a 

minor 18 years of age or older for whom the court has made a finding of probable 

cause to believe that the minor is abused, neglected, or dependent under 

subsection (1) of Section 2-10 prior to the minor’s 18th birthday whose parent 

or immediate family member, or any person responsible for the minor’s welfare, 

or any person who is in the same family or household as the minor, or any 

individual residing in the same home as the minor, or a paramour of the minor’s 

parent:
No. 1-21-0824 

- 33 - 

 *** 

(ii) creates a substantial risk of physical injury to such minor by 

other than accidental means which would be likely to cause death, 

disfigurement, impairment of emotional health, or loss or impairment of 

any bodily function.” 705 ILCS 405/2-3(2)(ii) (West 2020).

¶ 125 The factual allegations forming the basis for the State’s claim were the following: 

“Mother has made multiple allegations of sexual and physical abuse against 

father and numerous paternal relatives. The minor has been evaluated numerous 

times by medical professionals with no corroboration of mother’s allegations. 

Minor has never reported that he has been abused. Mother is the only person who 

states that minor says he has been abused. Domestic Relations Court has suspended 

father’s visits pending DCFS investigation. Mother has made numerous unusual 

outbursts in court, doctor’s office and DCFS office. Mother had to be removed from 

the CAC by Chicago Police during one outburst. DCFS has requested mother do a 

psychiatric examination and mother has refused. Mother is not allowing access to 

minor. Paternity has been established.” 

¶ 126 The State, the Public Guardian, and W.S. maintain that the petition sufficiently stated a 

cause of action for neglect. We agree.

¶ 127 “Neglect” is the failure to exercise the level of care that is demanded by the circumstances.

In re M.D., 2021 IL App (1st) 210595, ¶ 24; In re K.B., 2012 IL App (3d) 110655, ¶ 16. The term 

“neglect” has a fluid meaning that includes willful and intentional disregard of duty and varies 

based on the context of surrounding circumstances. In re Arthur H., 212 Ill. 2d 441, 463 (2004). 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 34 - 

¶ 128 The concept of an “injurious environment” varies with the circumstances and includes a 

breach of a parent’s duty to provide a safe and nurturing shelter for their child. Id.; In re L.M., 319 

Ill. App. 3d 865, 868 (2001); In re John Paul J., 343 Ill. App. 3d 865, 879 (2003). 

¶ 129 Here, the substance of the petition for adjudication of wardship alleged that A.G.’s 

unfounded sexual abuse allegations subjected L.S. to repeated evaluations by medical 

professionals and resulted in the entry of an order of protection that denied L.S. contact with W.S.

In the course of DCFS investigating A.G.’s charges, she made multiple unusual outbursts to a 

variety of people that caused DCFS to request that she be examined by a mental health expert. 

A.G. refused the request. Critically, the petition also alleged that A.G. denied DCFS access to L.S.

¶ 130 In keeping with our duty to liberally construe the allegations contained in the petition for 

adjudication of wardship and draw all reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to the State, 

Parente & Norem, P.C. v. Chicago Regional Council of Carpenters Welfare Fund, 2021 IL App 

(1st) 200340, ¶ 20, we consider the petition’s allegations in toto. The allegations were clearly 

sufficient to state a cause of action for neglect. 

¶ 131 A.G. objects to the Public Guardian’s claim that “the petition as a whole obviously sets 

forth a fact pattern showing that [A.G.] was either fabricating the sex abuse allegations or was 

mentally ill and deluded and believed that [L.S.] had been sexually abused, even after [L.S.] denied 

any abuse.” A.G.’s objection is not well taken where it disregards the requirement that both the 

facts as set forth in the petition and the reasonable inferences that may arise from those facts are 

properly considered in deciding the sufficiency of the cause of action. Maglio, 2015 IL App (2d) 

140782, ¶ 19. The Public Guardian’s characterization of the substance of the allegations made in 

the petition is based on reasonable inferences that directly undercut A.G.’s claim that the petition 

failed to state a cause of action. 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 35 - 

¶ 132 A.G. also criticizes both the State and the Public Guardian for failing to provide legal 

authority that would make her “conduct, behavior, action, inaction, or omission” legally sufficient 

to state a claim of neglect or abuse as charged. A.G.’s criticism ignores the fact that, as our supreme 

court has instructed, these matters are sui generis and must be decided based on their unique facts.

Arthur H., 212 Ill. 2d at 463. The nature of these cases is such that no two cases will ever present 

an identical factual scenario. 

¶ 133 Next, we reject A.G.’s reliance on In re Harpman, 134 Ill. App. 3d 393, 396 (1985). 

Harpman does not support A.G.’s position where it is inapposite. Unlike this case, in Harpman, 

the respondent was charged with neglecting the minor based on a prior version of the Act that did 

not permit a charge of neglect to be based on an “injurious environment.” Id. at 396. Unlike the 

version of the Act in effect in this case, an “injurious environment” could only be relied on as a 

basis for alleging that a minor was abused. Id. Therefore, as a matter of law, the petition failed to 

state a cause of action. Id. 

¶ 134 Harpman does not stand for the proposition that a charge of neglect may not be predicated 

on a parent’s failure to obtain therapeutic services in appropriate circumstances. Again, we note 

that our rejection of A.G.’s claim that the petition failed to state a cause of action is based on the 

totality of the allegations contained therein. Viewed as a whole, the allegations stated a proper 

cause of action.

¶ 135 As a final matter, we note that A.G.’s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is also 

undermined by the fact that had trial counsel interposed a timely objection to the sufficiency of the 

petition, the State would have been able to cure any alleged infirmity by amending the petition. 

The Act provides: 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 36 - 

“The court shall liberally allow the petitioner to amend the petition to set forth a 

cause of action or to add, amend, or supplement factual allegations that form the 

basis for a cause of action up until 14 days before the adjudicatory hearing. The 

petitioner may amend the petition after that date and prior to the adjudicatory 

hearing if the court grants leave to amend upon a showing of good cause. The court 

may allow amendment of the petition to conform with the evidence at any time 

prior to ruling. In all cases in which the court has granted leave to amend based on 

new evidence or new allegations, the court shall permit the respondent an adequate 

opportunity to prepare a defense to the amended petition.” 705 ILCS 405/2-13(5) 

(West 2020). 

¶ 136 Indeed, it is the long-standing public policy in Illinois that the rights of minors are to be 

guarded carefully. In re Tyrese J., 376 Ill. App. 3d 689, 703 (2007). In Tyrese J., the court found 

that the trial court erred in disallowing the State from amending its pleadings to conform to the 

evidence, although the State’s motion was untimely, and the State provided no good explanation 

for waiting until the close of the evidence to seek leave to amend the petition. Id. at 702. 

Nevertheless, the court determined that the trial court had an obligation to intervene when the 

minor’s representative failed to protect his interests and either allow the State to correct the mistake 

or amend the petition sua sponte. Id. at 704. Such action was called for to protect the minor’s 

interests and harmonize with the purpose of the Act. Id.

¶ 137 We have set forth a highly detailed recitation of the evidence adduced at the various stages 

of the litigation in this case because it informs our conclusion that A.G. was not denied the effective 

assistance of counsel. Had counsel interposed a timely objection to the sufficiency of the petition, 

the State would have had ample basis to amend the petition to reflect the additional evidence 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 37 - 

amassed by DCFS in the course of their investigation of this matter. Moreover, under the express 

terms of section 2-13(5) of the Act, if the State moved to amend the petition within 14 days of the 

adjudicatory hearing, the trial court would have been required to allow the amendment. Put 

differently, we do not believe that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to file a timely motion 

or that A.G. was prejudiced by counsel’s failure to do so. 

¶ 138 In conclusion, we find that the trial court properly declined to consider the substance of 

A.G.’s section 2-615 motion to dismiss and that A.G. was not denied the effective assistance of 

counsel based on trial counsel’s failure to timely file the motion.

¶ 139 B. Whether A.G.’s Statutory Right of Presence Was Violated

 Where the Adjudicatory and Dispositional Hearings Were 

 Conducted By Audio-Video Conference

¶ 140 A.G. also alleges that she was denied her statutory right of presence under section 1-5(1) 

of the Act, where the adjudicatory and dispositional hearings were conducted by audio-video 

conference, using an Internet-based video-conference platform, Zoom. The State, the Public 

Guardian, and W.S. maintain that conducting the hearings in this manner did not violate A.G.’s 

right of presence. 

¶ 141 For the following reasons, we affirm the trial court’s ruling. 

¶ 142 1. Trial Court’s Factual Findings 

¶ 143 In denying A.G.’s “Objection to Conducting the Adjudicatory Hearing by 

Videoconference,” on November 17, 2020, the trial court made the following express findings of 

fact: 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 38 - 

 “Thank you. All right. Again, we are in an unprecedented time. The deadly 

virus has spread worldwide. Yesterday, there were over 3,000 deaths [in] one day 

in the United States, the highest daily death toll ever. 

In Cook County alone, over 335,000 people have been infected. And over 

6,500 people have died, and many others are hospitalized. 

In the Circuit Court of Cook County, as of yesterday, 211 employees and 

17 judges working under the auspices of the Chief Judge have contracted the virus.

And I should also mention that the bulk of those employees are people who 

work in the juvenile court complex. That number is not inclusive of the others we 

come in contact with on a daily basis, like the Clerk of the Circuit Court, the 

Sheriff’s office, and the Department of Children and Family Services, amongst 

others. 

The Illinois Supreme Court issued a policy on remote court appearances in 

civil proceedings effective May of 2020. In it, the Supreme Court recognized that 

meaningful access to court is essential to ensuring the integrity and fairness of the 

judicial process. It recognized remote appearances as beneficial, specifically with 

respect to our courts. 

The Policy states it will allow participants such as caseworkers, witnesses, 

and experts a more efficient way to provide testimony and reduce costs, provide 

caseworkers and treatment providers with time-saving measures which allow them 

to better manage their other duties and cases.

In its order of October 27, 2020, the Court stated Illinois has been in a state 

of emergency since Governor Pritzker’s declaration on March 9, 2020, due to the 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 39 - 

COVID-19 pandemic necessitating temporary court-imposed restrictions to 

minimize the impact of COVID-19 on the court system. 

In light of these trying times, the Chief Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook 

County in his latest order of November 23, 2020, stated that except in extraordinary 

and compelling circumstances, all matters shall be conducted by video conference. 

All judges and employees of the Court shall work remotely and conduct business 

telephonically. 

In the instant case, the petition alleges the mother made multiple allegations 

of sexual and physical abuse against the father and other paternal relatives.

The minor was allegedly examined on multiple occasions, and mother’s 

allegations could not be corroborated. The Court, after a full hearing, sent the minor 

home under an Order of Protection to live with his father. 

The mother raises other concerns regarding the Court’s ability to judge 

credibility. Prior to the pandemic, witnesses were allowed to testify via video, and 

this Court has been able to make clear credibility determinations. 

The Court has a balancing act to perform. We are mandated to do what is in 

the best interest of the child, and to balance that against the fundamental rights of 

the parent.

The harm is not in proceeding by way of video conference. The harm is in 

allowing a child to remain in limbo when he could be permanently returned home 

or achieve another level of permanency. 

 In order to ensure all matters are handled in accordance with the guidelines 

and to address some of the concerns raised by the parent, the Court will ensure that 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 40 - 

the party has access to a computer in the room where [her] counselor can safely 

confer.

The parties shall meet and confer on all exhibits seven days prior to the trial, 

shall mark and provide all agreed upon [exhibits] to the Court five days prior to 

trial.

The Court shall identify each person in the room for a hearing and not allow 

any unauthorized persons access. The parties shall inform all witnesses that they 

should testify in private, that they are not to review any documents or other notes 

unless authorized—while testifying, unless authorized by the Court. And they are 

not to confer with anyone on the pending matter. 

This Court will admonish each witness of same prior the start of their 

testimony.

This Court will not unnecessarily expose parties to the already deadly virus. 

Mother’s motion is therefore denied.” 

¶ 144 2. Legal Analysis 

¶ 145 Section 1-5(1) of the Act provides that “the minor who is the subject of the proceeding and 

[the] parents *** have the right to be present, to be heard, to present evidence material to the 

proceedings, to cross-examine witnesses, to examine pertinent court files and records, and *** to 

be represented by counsel.” 705 ILCS 405/1-5(1) (West 2020). 

¶ 146 A.G.’s rights under section 1-5(1) are not, however, absolute. In re M.R., 316 Ill. App. 3d 

399, 402 (2000). 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 41 - 

¶ 147 We review questions of statutory compliance de novo. In re H.P., 2019 IL App (5th) 

150302, ¶ 24. In the context of a due process challenge, this court held that whether the trial court’s 

procedures in conducting a termination hearing by audio-video conference violated respondent’s 

constitutional rights is reviewed de novo in In re R.L., 2021 IL App (1st) 210419, ¶ 10. 

¶ 148 Illinois Supreme Court Rule 241 (eff. May 22, 2020) provides: “The court may, upon 

request or on its own order, for good cause shown and upon appropriate safeguards, allow a case 

participant to testify or otherwise participate in a civil trial or evidentiary hearing by video 

conferencing from a remote location.” 

¶ 149 The committee comments to Rule 241 provide that the court “should take into 

consideration and balance any due process concerns, the ability to question witnesses, hardships 

that would prevent the case participant from appearing in person, the type of case, any prejudice 

to the parties if testimony occurred by video conference, and any other issues of fairness.” Ill. S. 

Ct. R. 241, Committee Comment (rev. May 22, 2020). 

¶ 150 Here, the trial court’s express findings of fact appropriately balanced A.G.’s request for an 

in-person hearing against the harsh realities facing Cook County as a result of COVID-19. The 

trial court made factual findings supporting its ruling and put measures in place to reduce the 

potential difficulties that could arise from proceeding remotely. A.G.’s right of presence was not 

violated. 

¶ 151 Our conclusion finds direct support in In re P.S., 2021 IL App (5th) 210027, and In re 

Aa.C., 2021 IL App (1st) 210639, both which rejected similar challenges to the trial court 

conducting remote hearings by audio-video conferences. 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 42 - 

¶ 152 In P.S., the respondent father objected to the termination hearing being conducted by video 

conference via Zoom. P.S., 2021 IL App (5th) 210027, ¶ 46. The trial court denied the respondent’s

request for a continuance until an in-person hearing could be conducted. Id. 

¶ 153 On appeal, the respondent claimed that the trial court denied him his right to an in-person 

hearing and violated his due process right to appear personally at all stages of the proceedings. Id.

¶ 51. In assessing the respondent’s claim, the court began by recognizing that the respondent had 

a fundamental liberty interest, protected by the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment, 

in maintaining his relationship with his child. Id. ¶ 52. In a proceeding to terminate parental rights, 

the parent’s rights included the right to be present, be heard, present evidence material to the 

proceedings, and cross-examine witnesses. 

¶ 154 After engaging in a detailed discussion of Rule 241 and the committee comments that 

follow, the court rejected the respondent’s due process and statutory challenges to the manner in 

which the termination hearing was conducted. As is relevant to the claim raised in this appeal, the 

court specifically rejected the respondent’s claim that section 1-5(1) of the Act provides a parent 

a statutory right to demand an in-person hearing during termination proceedings. Id. ¶ 73. The 

court noted that “[w]hile Rule 241 does not specifically state that remote participation is the same 

as the statutory right to be ‘present’ at a hearing, such a finding is implicit in the Rule’s provision 

allowing persons to ‘participate’ remotely.” Id. 

¶ 155 The court additionally found that the trial court conducted the remote hearing in a manner 

that safeguarded the integrity of the proceeding and the parties’ rights. Id. ¶ 60. The court 

concluded that the respondent’s right of presence was adequately protected where he was able to 

testify and be heard, present evidence, and cross-examine witnesses. Id. ¶ 63. 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 43 - 

¶ 156 In Aa.C., the respondent objected to the trial court conducting a hearing to terminate his 

parental rights by video conference and moved to continue the proceeding until the hearing could 

be held in person. Aa.C., 2021 IL App (1st) 210639, ¶ 5. The trial court denied the respondent’s 

request; however, it reserved the right to continue the case mid-hearing for further in-person 

proceedings, should the facts warrant such a course of action. Id. ¶ 6. At the conclusion of the

hearing, the respondent was found unfit to parent her children, and her parental rights were 

ultimately terminated. Id. ¶¶ 7-8. 

¶ 157 On appeal, the court considered the respondent’s claims that the remote hearing violated 

her statutory right to be physically present at the trial and her due process rights. Id. ¶ 12. The court 

first rejected the respondent’s due process challenge, finding that the government’s interest in 

keeping the population safe and the procedural safeguards set in place by the trial outweighed any 

minimal risk created by conducting the trial remotely. Id. ¶ 15. 

¶ 158 Next, the court addressed the respondent’s contention that her statutory rights under section 

1-5(1) were violated by conducting the trial remotely. Id. The court noted that the right of presence 

is not absolute, even at a critical stage in a criminal proceeding. Thus, “[i]t naturally follows that 

the same is true for termination of parental rights proceedings.” Id. ¶ 17. The court relied on the 

reasoning in P.S., 2021 IL App (5th) 210027, to find that the respondent’s right of presence was 

not violated by conducting her trial via Zoom. Aa.C., 2021 IL App (1st) 210639, ¶ 16. 

¶ 159 While A.G.’s claim is solely based on a violation of section 1-5(1), we further note that 

this court also rejected challenges to the use of remotely-conducted audio-video conferences on 

due process grounds in In re R.L., 2021 IL App (1st) 210419, ¶ 13, and In re R.D., 2021 IL App 

(1st) 201411, ¶ 21. 
No. 1-21-0824 

- 44 - 

¶ 160 We adopt the reasoning utilized in the prior decisions of this court in finding that A.G.’s 

statutory right of presence was not violated. Her right to be present, to be heard, to present 

evidence, to cross-examine witnesses, to examine pertinent court files, and to be represented by 

counsel were fully protected in this case. In other words, the full panoply of rights guaranteed by 

section 1-5(1) were adequately safeguarded at A.G.’s adjudicatory and dispositional hearings. 

¶ 161 III. CONCLUSION

¶ 162 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

¶ 163 Affirmed.
No. 1-21-0824 

- 45 - 

No. 1-21-0824 

Cite as: In re L.S., 2022 IL App (1st) 210824 

Decision Under Review: Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 19-JA-1524; 

the Hon. Andrea Buford, Judge, presiding. 

Attorneys 

for 

Appellant: 

Sharone R. Mitchell Jr., Public Defender, of Chicago (Frank M. 

Adams, Assistant Public Defender, of counsel), for appellant. 

Attorneys 

for 

Appellee: 

Thomas M. O’Connell, of Schaumburg, for appellee B.S. 

Kimberly M. Foxx, State’s Attorney, of Chicago (Enrique 

Abraham, Gina DiVito and Brian A. Levitsky, Assistant State’s 

Attorneys, of counsel), for the People. 

Charles P. Golbert, Public Guardian, of Chicago (Kass A. Plain 

and Christopher J. Williams, of counsel), for appellee.