VIRGINIA: 

 In the Court of Appeals of Virginia on Tuesday the 8th day of June, 2010. 

Rod Freeman Hobbs, Appellant, 

 against Record No. 0821-09-1 

 Circuit Court No. CL08-3345 

Anthony Conyers, Commissioner, 

 Virginia Department of Social Services, Appellee. 

Upon a Rehearing En Banc 

Before Chief Judge Felton, Judges Elder, Frank, Humphreys, Kelsey, McClanahan, 

Haley, Petty, Beales, Powell and Alston 

 

James O. Broccoletti (Zoby & Broccoletti, P. C., on brief), for 

appellant. 

Cheryl A. Wilkerson, Senior Assistant Attorney General 

(Kenneth T. Cuccinelli, II, Attorney General; David E. Johnson, Deputy 

Attorney General; Kim F. Piner, Senior Assistant Attorney General, on 

brief), for appellee. 

 In an unpublished memorandum opinion issued January 26, 2010, a majority of a panel of this 

Court reversed the judgment of the Circuit Court of the City of Virginia Beach, in which the trial court 

affirmed the administrative finding of the Virginia Department of Social Services that appellant sexually 

abused his stepdaughter. The Department’s specific disposition was “Founded-Sexual Abuse-Level 1.” 

On the Department’s motion, we stayed the mandate of the panel decision and granted rehearing en 

banc. Upon rehearing, the January 26, 2010 majority panel decision is withdrawn, the mandate entered 

on that date is vacated, and we affirm the judgment of the trial court for the reasons stated in the panel’s 

dissenting opinion. The appellant shall pay to the appellee thirty dollars damages. 

 
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 Judges Elder, Frank, and Humphreys would reverse the judgment of the trial court for the 

reasons stated in the majority panel decision. 

This order shall be certified to the trial court. 

 A Copy, 

 Teste: 

 Cynthia L. McCoy, Clerk 

 original order signed by a deputy clerk of the

 By: Court of Appeals of Virginia at the direction 

 of the Court 

 Deputy Clerk
VIRGINIA: 

In the Court of Appeals of Virginia on Tuesday the 2nd day of March, 2010. 

Rod Freeman Hobbs, Appellant, 

 against Record No. 0821-09-1 

 Circuit Court No. CL08-3345 

Anthony Conyers, Commissioner, 

 Virginia Department of Social Services, Appellee. 

Upon a Petition for Rehearing En Banc 

Before the Full Court 

 On February 9, 2010 came the appellee, by the Attorney General of Virginia, and filed a petition 

requesting that the Court set aside the judgment rendered herein on January 26, 2010, and grant a 

rehearing en banc on the issue(s) raised in the petition. 

 On consideration whereof, the petition for rehearing en banc is granted with regard to the 

issue(s) raised therein, the mandate entered herein on January 26, 2010 is stayed pending the decision of 

the Court en banc, and the appeal is reinstated on the docket of this Court. 

 Notwithstanding the provisions of Rule 5A:35, the following briefing schedule hereby is 

established: Appellant shall file an opening brief upon rehearing en banc within 21 days of the date of 

entry of this order; appellee shall file an appellee’s brief upon rehearing en banc within 14 days of the 

date on which the opening brief is filed; and appellant may file a reply brief upon rehearing en banc

within 14 days of the date on which the appellee’s brief is filed. The appellant shall attach as an 

addendum to the opening brief upon rehearing en banc a copy of the opinion previously rendered by the 

Court in this matter. It is further ordered that the appellee shall file twelve additional copies of the 

appendix previously filed in this case. In addition, any party represented by counsel shall file twelve 

 
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electronic copies of their brief (and the appendix, if the party filing the appendix is represented by 

counsel) with the clerk of this Court. The electronic copies must be filed on twelve separate CDs or 

DVDs and must be filed in Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format (PDF).1

 A Copy, 

 Teste: 

 Cynthia L. McCoy, Clerk 

 original order signed by a deputy clerk of the

 By: Court of Appeals of Virginia at the direction 

 of the Court 

 Deputy Clerk 

 

1

 The guidelines for the creation and submission of a digital brief package can be found at 

www.courts.state.va.us, in the Court of Appeals section under “Resources and Reference Materials.” 
 

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA 

Present: Judges Humphreys, McClanahan and Senior Judge Willis 

Argued at Chesapeake, Virginia 

ROD FREEMAN HOBBS 

 MEMORANDUM OPINION*

 BY 

v. Record No. 0821-09-1 JUDGE JERE M.H. WILLIS, JR. 

 JANUARY 26, 2010 

ANTHONY CONYERS, COMMISSIONER 

 VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES 

 FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH 

Frederick B. Lowe, Judge 

 James O. Broccoletti (Zoby & Broccoletti, P.C., on brief), for 

appellant. 

 Cheryl A. Wilkerson, Senior Assistant Attorney General (William C. 

Mims, Attorney General; David E. Johnson, Deputy Attorney 

General; Kim F. Piner, Senior Assistant Attorney General, on brief), 

for appellee. 

 Rod Freeman Hobbs (Hobbs) appeals the judgment of the trial court affirming a disposition 

of Founded-Sexual Abuse-Level 1 lodged against him by the Virginia Department of Social 

Services. He argues that the trial court erred in holding that the failure of the local agency 

investigator to tape record two interviews with the alleged victim, in violation of the requirements of 

22 VAC 40-705-80(B)(1), was harmless error. Finding the failure not to be harmless, we reverse 

the judgment of the trial court and order the sexual abuse finding set aside and vacated. 

BACKGROUND 

 On November 27, 2006, the Virginia Beach Department of Human Services received a 

Child Protective Services (CPS) complaint against Hobbs, alleging that he had sexually abused his 

*

 Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 
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stepdaughter (the child). On November 28, 2006, a CPS worker and a Virginia Beach Police 

Department detective jointly interviewed the child at school. This interview was not recorded. The 

CPS worker and the detective conducted a follow-up interview on November 30, 2006. Again, the 

interview was not recorded. On December 8, 2006, the child was interviewed at the Child Abuse 

Center of the Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughters. This interview was recorded. 

 The CPS worker’s report stated that the first two interviews were not recorded “due to the 

presence of law enforcement. Tape recording may compromise the criminal investigation.” 

 On January 30, 2007, the CPS worker entered a founded disposition of abuse. She based 

this determination, in part, on the two unrecorded interviews. 

 Based on the same allegations, criminal charges were brought against Hobbs. On March 21, 

2007, he was acquitted of those charges. 

 On January 8, 2008, following a local conference, a hearing officer for the City of Virginia 

Beach Department of Human Services upheld the founded disposition of Sexual Abuse-Level 1. 

Hobbs appealed. On March 19, 2008, an administrative hearing was held before Nicholas R. 

Foster, a hearing officer for the Commissioner of the Virginia Department of Social Services. 

Foster held that the CPS worker’s failure to record the child’s first two interviews violated the 

Virginia Administrative Code, but that this failure did not prejudice Hobbs. Foster stated, “As to 

the assertion that the worker may have led or otherwise influenced [the child’s] statements, [the 

child] is clear in her forensic interview that the substance of the statements were her own, making 

that assertion pure conjecture.” On May 2, 2008, Foster entered an order sustaining the disposition 

of Sexual Abuse-Level 1. Hobbs appealed to the trial court. 

 On April 1, 2009, the trial court affirmed the disposition and dismissed Hobbs’ appeal. It 

held that the failure to record the child’s first two interviews was harmless error and that 

“substantial evidence in the record [supports] the May 2, 2008 decision of the Commissioner.” 
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ANALYSIS 

 Hobbs contends the trial court erred in dismissing his appeal and finding that the failure to 

record the first two interviews with the child was harmless error. 

 “Judicial review of a child protective services founded disposition of child abuse is 

governed by the Administrative Process Act (APA), codified at Code §§ 2.2-4000 to 2.2-4033. 

See Code § 63.2-1526(B). Accordingly, ‘the burden is upon the appealing party to demonstrate 

error.’” Jones v. West, 46 Va. App. 309, 322-23, 616 S.E.2d 790, 797 (2005) (quoting Carter v. 

Gordon, 28 Va. App. 133, 141, 502 S.E.2d 697, 700-01 (1998)). 

 22 VAC 40-705-80(B)(1) provides: 

1. The child protective services worker shall conduct a face-to-face 

interview with and observation of the alleged victim child and 

siblings. All interviews with alleged victim children must be 

electronically recorded except when the child protective services 

worker determines that: 

a. The child’s safety may be endangered by electronically 

recording his statement; 

b. The age and/or developmental capacity of the child makes 

electronic recording impractical; 

c. A child refuses to participate in the interview if electronic 

recording occurs; or 

d. In the context of a team investigation with law-enforcement 

personnel, the team or team leader determines that audio taping is 

not appropriate. 

e. The victim provided new information as part of a family 

assessment and it would be detrimental to reinterview the victim 

and the child protective services worker provides a detailed 

narrative of the interview in the investigation record. 

The CPS worker failed to record the child’s first two interviews, in violation of this requirement. 

Furthermore, a “child protective services worker shall document in detail in the record and 

discuss with supervisory personnel the basis for a decision not to electronically record an 
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interview with the alleged victim child.” Id. The CPS worker did not “document in detail” why 

the first two interviews were not recorded and did not obtain supervisory approval. 

 Both the Commissioner and the trial court held that the failure to record the first two 

interviews was error. Neither party contests this holding. Hobbs contends the trial court erred in 

holding that the CPS worker’s failure to record the interviews was harmless. 

 “[A] party seeking relief from a founded disposition of abuse on grounds that the local 

department failed to comply with required procedure ‘must demonstrate such failure was not 

mere harmless error.’” West, 46 Va. App. at 326-27, 616 S.E.2d at 799 (quoting J.B. v. Brunty, 

21 Va. App. 300, 305, 464 S.E.2d 166, 169 (1995)). “If the party seeking relief satisfies that 

burden, the reviewing court ‘shall suspend or set [the case decision] aside.’” Id. at 327, 616 

S.E.2d at 799 (quoting Code § 2.2-4029). 

“[P]rocedural violations that ‘could have had a significant impact on the ultimate decision 

so as to undermine the “substantiality of the evidential support” for the factual findings’ are not 

mere harmless error.” Id. (quoting Virginia Board of Medicine v. Fetta, 244 Va. 276, 283, 421 

S.E.2d 410, 414 (1992)). See Virginia Retirement System v. Cirillo, 54 Va. App. 193, 202, 676 

S.E.2d 368, 373 (2009) (“under the doctrine of harmless error, we will affirm the circuit court’s 

judgment when we can conclude that the error at issue could not have affected the court’s 

result”) (citations omitted). 

The Commissioner argues that the recorded interview renders harmless any procedural 

error resulting from the failure to tape the first two interviews. He notes that, unlike in West, the 

hearing officer was able to consider the child’s recorded interview and her sworn testimony in 

the criminal proceedings. The hearing officer noted inconsistencies in the child’s recorded 

accounts and between her recorded accounts and some details of the CPS worker’s report of 

what she initially said. However, the hearing officer stated, “Having read the interview 
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summaries and transcripts and having viewed the forensic interview tape, I cannot find that these 

perceived inconsistencies substantially impair [the child’s] credibility.” On this basis, the 

hearing officer found the recorded interview credible and reliable. 

Had the first two interviews been recorded, Hobbs and the hearing officer would have 

heard the questions asked and the child’s responses. The hearing officer would have had before 

him direct evidence of the inconsistencies in the child’s versions of events, of the conflicts in her 

accounts of the details, such as when and where the alleged incidents occurred, and the variation 

in terms she used, suggesting influence or coaching. The CPS worker’s report of where the child 

said some of the events occurred varied from the child’s recorded account and testimony. As in 

West, the hearing officer was limited to the CPS worker’s “indirect evidence, based on her recall 

and interpretation, of what was said at the interview.” West, 46 Va. App. at 330, 616 S.E.2d at 

801. 

The purpose of the regulation is to provide direct evidence of the child’s account, not a 

secondhand report from the interviewer. If the child’s first statements differed significantly from 

her recorded interview, they “could have had a significant impact on the ultimate decision.” Id.

at 327, 616 S.E.2d at 799. The hearing officer and the Commissioner depended on the CPS 

worker’s reports of the child’s statements. The regulation is designed to prevent that 

dependency. 

Accordingly, we hold that the failure to record the two interviews was not mere harmless 

error. The founded disposition of sexual abuse must be set aside. See Code § 2.2-4029. 

CONCLUSION 

 We reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand this case to the trial court for 

remand to the Commissioner with instructions to set aside and vacate the finding of sexual abuse. 

Reversed and remanded.
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McClanahan, J., dissenting. 

 The majority acknowledges that Hobbs, as the “party seeking relief from a founded 

disposition of abuse on grounds that the local department failed to comply with required 

procedure[,] ‘must demonstrate such failure was not mere harmless error.’” Jones v. West, 46 

Va. App. 309, 326-27, 616 S.E.2d 790, 799 (2005) (quoting J.B. v. Brunty, 21 Va. App. 300, 

305, 464 S.E.2d 166, 169 (1995)). I do not believe Hobbs has carried this burden. Accordingly, 

I would affirm the circuit court in its determination that the failure of the Virginia Beach 

Department of Social Services (DSS) to record the first two interviews with the victim, K.D., in 

violation of 22 VAC 40-705-80(B)(1), was harmless error.2

 The majority bases its decision on West, where this Court held that the local department’s 

decision not to tape record its interview with the alleged fourteen-year-old victim of sexual 

abuse, in violation of the regulation, “was not mere harmless error,” and thus set aside the 

founded disposition of sexual abuse. West, 46 Va. App. at 331, 616 S.E.2d at 802. The West

Court reached that decision upon concluding that the failure to tape record the interview “could 

have had a significant impact on the ultimate decision so as to undermine the substantiality of the 

evidential support for the factual findings.” Id. (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). 

The facts in the instant case, however, are materially distinguishable from those in West. 

In West, the local social worker and police detective, who jointly investigated the 

complaint against the suspect, West, conducted only the one interview with the purported victim, 

S.J. Because the interview was unrecorded, the hearing officer, who presided over West’s appeal 

 2

 More specifically, the circuit court, upon reviewing “the agency record and the 

arguments asserted by counsel,” ruled in its final order that “the absence of a recording of the 

initial two interviews of the child was harmless error, and, further, . . . there is substantial 

evidence in the agency record to support the May 2, 2008 decision of [the DSS hearing officer].” 

The court thus affirmed the May 2, 2008 decision and dismissed Hobbs’ petition for appeal. 
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of the department’s “founded” disposition of sexual abuse, was limited to the department’s 

presentation of the social worker’s testimony and written account of the interview with S.J. 

Here, by contrast, the hearing officer had the benefit of not only the investigating social 

worker’s testimony and written account of the two initial interviews with K.D., but also a 

videotape recording of a third, extensive forensic interview of K.D. conducted at the Child 

Abuse Center of the Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughters. In light of this videotaped 

evidence, the hearing officer found that “[a]s to [Hobbs’] assertion that the [social] worker may 

have led or otherwise influenced [K.D.’s] statements, [K.D.] is clear in her forensic interview 

that the substance of her statements were her own, making that assertion pure conjecture.” The 

hearing officer then further explained, “The crux of the agency’s case is clearly the credibility 

and consistency of [K.D.’s] statements. The Appellant [Hobbs] contends that [K.D.’s] 

statements are inconsistent over time and that her statements to the worker, the forensic 

interview, and at trial, vary in substantial ways.” “Having read the interview summaries and 

transcripts and having viewed the forensic interview tape,” the hearing officer concluded, “I 

cannot find that these perceived inconsistencies substantially impair [K.D.’s] credibility. The 

variations in the words used to describe the incidents are de minimis. [K.D.] clearly recounted 

the actual acts of fondling and oral sodomy and the salient details remained consistent 

throughout.” 

The instant case is also distinguishable from West in another significant way. In West, 

West disputed very little of S.J.’s claims regarding his touching of her at various times. Rather, 

he asserted in his defense that, when he did touch her as she alleged, he lacked the requisite 

“‘intent to sexually molest, arouse or gratify’” because the touching was in a “‘playful and 

friendly’ manner.” Id. at 314, 616 S.E.2d at 793. Thus, the West Court reasoned: 

The absence of a tape recording of S.J.’s interview [was] 

particularly critical in [that] case because, given the close, 
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grandfather-granddaughter-type relationship West and S.J. had, the 

meaning and import of S.J.’s statements about West touching her 

genitals, breasts, and buttocks were susceptible to more than one 

plausible interpretation and necessarily turned on the subtle 

nuances of those statements and the conduct they described. 

Indeed, slight nuances in the inflection or context of the words 

spoken by S.J. could substantially change the meaning of 

statements that directly impacted the question of whether West had 

the requisite intent. . . . It was essential, therefore, for the hearing 

officer to have access to the precise substance of S.J.’s statements. 

Id. at 329-30, 616 S.E.2d at 801. 

In this case, unlike West, the only dispute is whether Hobbs fondled and performed oral 

sodomy on K.D.—not a question of intent purportedly surrounding an innocent, affectionate 

familial relationship. As such, there are no relevant “nuances” in K.D.’s and Hobbs’ respective 

accounts of what occurred between them. In his interview with the social worker and the police 

investigator, and in his testimony at the agency hearing, Hobbs denied that he engaged in any of 

the acts of fondling and oral sodomy that K.D. described in her interviews. Therefore, it was not 

“essential” for the hearing officer in this case to have access to K.D.’s precise statements in her 

two interviews preceding her videotaped interview, as the import of those statements did not turn 

on “subtle nuances.” Id.

We have authority to “reject agency factfinding ‘only if, considering the record as a 

whole, a reasonable mind would necessarily come to a different conclusion.’” Citland, Ltd. v. 

Commonwealth, 45 Va. App. 268, 274-75, 610 S.E.2d 321, 324 (2005) (quoting Mattaponi 

Indian Tribe v. Commonwealth, 43 Va. App. 690, 706, 601 S.E.2d 667, 675 (2004)) (emphasis in 

original). “This standard is designed ‘to give great stability and finality to the fact-finding 

process of the administrative agency.’” Atkinson v. Virginia ABC Comm’n, 1 Va. App. 172, 

176, 336 S.E.2d 527, 530 (1985) (quoting Virginia Real Estate Comm’n v. Bias, 226 Va. 264, 

269, 308 S.E.2d 123, 125 (1983)). Based on this standard of review, I do not believe this Court 

can hold, on the record here presented, that a reasonable hearing officer would necessarily have 
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concluded that DSS’s procedural failure to record K.D.’s first two interviews was not harmless 

error. 

For these reasons, I respectfully dissent.