In the Senate of the United States,

October 3 (legislative day, September 22), 2000.

Resolved, That the bill from the House of Representatives (H.R. 1143) entitled ‘‘An Act to establish a program to

provide assistance for programs of credit and other financial

services for microenterprises in developing countries, and for

other purposes.’’, do pass with the following

AMENDMENT:

Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert:

1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

2 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Microenterprise for Self3 Reliance and International Anti-Corruption Act of 2000’’.
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1 SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

2 The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title.

Sec. 2. Table of contents.

TITLE I—MICROENTERPRISE FOR SELF-RELIANCE ACT OF 2000

Sec. 101. Short title.

Sec. 102. Findings and declarations of policy.

Sec. 103. Purposes.

Sec. 104. Definitions.

Sec. 105. Microenterprise development grant assistance.

Sec. 106. Micro- and small enterprise development credits.

Sec. 107. United States Microfinance Loan Facility.

Sec. 108. Report relating to future development of microenterprise institutions.

Sec. 109. United States Agency for International Development as global leader

and coordinator of bilateral and multilateral microenterprise assistance activities.

Sec. 110. Sense of Congress on consideration of Mexico as a key priority in

microenterprise funding allocations.

TITLE II—INTERNATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION AND GOOD

GOVERNANCE ACT OF 2000

Sec. 201. Short title.

Sec. 202. Findings and purpose.

Sec. 203. Development assistance policy.

Sec. 204. Department of the Treasury technical assistance program for developing

countries.

Sec. 205. Authorization of good governance programs.

TITLE III—INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT OF 2000

Sec. 301. Short title.

Sec. 302. Statement of purpose.

Sec. 303. Establishment of grant program for foreign study by American college

students of limited financial means.

Sec. 304. Report to Congress.

Sec. 305. Authorization of appropriations.

Sec. 306. Effective date.

TITLE IV—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Sec. 401. Support for Overseas Cooperative Development Act.

Sec. 402. Funding of certain environmental assistance activities of USAID.

Sec. 403. Processing of applications for transportation of humanitarian assistance abroad by the Department of Defense.

Sec. 404. Working capital fund.

Sec. 405. Increase in authorized number of employees and representatives of the

United States mission to the United Nations provided living

quarters in New York.

Sec. 406. Availability of VOA and Radio Marti multilingual computer readable

text and voice recordings.

Sec. 407. Availability of certain materials of the Voice of America.

Sec. 408. Paul D. Coverdell Fellows Program Act of 2000.
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1 TITLE I—MICROENTERPRISE

2 FOR SELF-RELIANCE ACT OF 2000

3 SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE.

4 This title may be cited as the ‘‘Microenterprise for Self5 Reliance Act of 2000’’.

6 SEC. 102. FINDINGS AND DECLARATIONS OF POLICY.

7 Congress makes the following findings and declara8 tions:

9 (1) According to the World Bank, more than

10 1,200,000,000 people in the developing world, or one11 fifth of the world’s population, subsist on less than $1

12 a day.

13 (2) Over 32,000 of their children die each day

14 from largely preventable malnutrition and disease.

15 (3)(A) Women in poverty generally have larger

16 work loads and less access to educational and eco17 nomic opportunities than their male counterparts.

18 (B) Directly aiding the poorest of the poor, espe19 cially women, in the developing world has a positive

20 effect not only on family incomes, but also on child

21 nutrition, health and education, as women in par22 ticular reinvest income in their families.

23 (4)(A) The poor in the developing world, par24 ticularly women, generally lack stable employment

25 and social safety nets.
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1 (B) Many turn to self-employment to generate a

2 substantial portion of their livelihood. In Africa, over

3 80 percent of employment is generated in the infor4 mal sector of the self-employed poor.

5 (C) These poor entrepreneurs are often trapped

6 in poverty because they cannot obtain credit at rea7 sonable rates to build their asset base or expand their

8 otherwise viable self-employment activities.

9 (D) Many of the poor are forced to pay interest

10 rates as high as 10 percent per day to money lenders.

11 (5)(A) The poor are able to expand their incomes

12 and their businesses dramatically when they can ac13 cess loans at reasonable interest rates.

14 (B) Through the development of self-sustaining

15 microfinance programs, poor people themselves can

16 lead the fight against hunger and poverty.

17 (6)(A) On February 2–4, 1997, a global Micro18 credit Summit was held in Washington, District of

19 Columbia, to launch a plan to expand access to credit

20 for self-employment and other financial and business

21 services to 100,000,000 of the world’s poorest families,

22 especially the women of those families, by 2005. While

23 this scale of outreach may not be achievable in this

24 short time-period, the realization of this goal could

25 dramatically alter the face of global poverty.
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1 (B) With an average family size of five, achiev2 ing this goal will mean that the benefits of micro3 finance will thereby reach nearly half of the world’s

4 more than 1,000,000,000 absolute poor people.

5 (7)(A) Nongovernmental organizations, such as

6 those that comprise the Microenterprise Coalition

7 (such as the Grameen Bank (Bangladesh,) K–REP

8 (Kenya), and networks such as Accion International,

9 the Foundation for International Community Assist10 ance (FINCA), and the credit union movement) are

11 successful in lending directly to the very poor.

12 (B) Microfinance institutions such as BRAC

13 (Bangladesh), BancoSol (Bolivia), SEWA Bank

14 (India), and ACEP (Senegal) are regulated financial

15 institutions that can raise funds directly from the

16 local and international capital markets.

17 (8)(A) Microenterprise institutions not only re18 duce poverty, but also reduce the dependency on for19 eign assistance.

20 (B) Interest income on the credit portfolio is

21 used to pay recurring institutional costs, assuring the

22 long-term sustainability of development assistance.

23 (9) Microfinance institutions leverage foreign as24 sistance resources because loans are recycled, gener25 ating new benefits to program participants.
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1 (10)(A) The development of sustainable micro2 finance institutions that provide credit and training,

3 and mobilize domestic savings, is a critical compo4 nent to a global strategy of poverty reduction and

5 broad-based economic development.

6 (B) In the efforts of the United States to lead the

7 development of a new global financial architecture,

8 microenterprise should play a vital role. The recent

9 shocks to international financial markets demonstrate

10 how the financial sector can shape the destiny of na11 tions. Microfinance can serve as a powerful tool for

12 building a more inclusive financial sector which

13 serves the broad majority of the world’s population

14 including the very poor and women and thus generate

15 more social stability and prosperity.

16 (C) Over the last two decades, the United States

17 has been a global leader in promoting the global

18 microenterprise sector, primarily through its develop19 ment assistance programs at the United States Agen20 cy for International Development. Additionally, the

21 Department of the Treasury and the Department of

22 State have used their authority to promote micro23 enterprise in the development programs of inter24 national financial institutions and the United Na25 tions.
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1 (11)(A) In 1994, the United States Agency for

2 International Development launched the ‘‘Microenter3 prise Initiative’’ in partnership with the Congress.

4 (B) The initiative committed to expanding fund5 ing for the microenterprise programs of the Agency,

6 and set a goal that, by the end of fiscal year 1996,

7 one-half of all microenterprise resources would sup8 port programs and institutions that provide credit to

9 the poorest, with loans under $300.

10 (C) In order to achieve the goal of the micro11 credit summit, increased investment in microfinance

12 institutions serving the poorest will be critical.

13 (12) Providing the United States share of the

14 global investment needed to achieve the goal of the

15 microcredit summit will require only a small increase

16 in United States funding for international micro17 credit programs, with an increased focus on institu18 tions serving the poorest.

19 (13)(A) In order to reach tens of millions of the

20 poorest with microcredit, it is crucial to expand and

21 replicate successful microfinance institutions.

22 (B) These institutions need assistance in devel23 oping their institutional capacity to expand their

24 services and tap commercial sources of capital.
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1 (14) Nongovernmental organizations have dem2 onstrated competence in developing networks of local

3 microfinance institutions and other assistance deliv4 ery mechanisms so that they reach large numbers of

5 the very poor, and achieve financial sustainability.

6 (15) Recognizing that the United States Agency

7 for International Development has developed very ef8 fective partnerships with nongovernmental organiza9 tions, and that the Agency will have fewer missions

10 overseas to carry out its work, the Agency should

11 place priority on investing in those nongovernmental

12 network institutions that meet performance criteria

13 through the central funding mechanisms of the Agen14 cy.

15 (16) By expanding and replicating successful

16 microfinance institutions, it should be possible to cre17 ate a global infrastructure to provide financial serv18 ices to the world’s poorest families.

19 (17)(A) The United States can provide leader20 ship to other bilateral and multilateral development

21 agencies as such agencies expand their support to the

22 microenterprise sector.

23 (B) The United States should seek to improve co24 ordination among G–7 countries in the support of the

25 microenterprise sector in order to leverage the invest-
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1 ment of the United States with that of other donor

2 nations.

3 (18) Through increased support for microenter4 prise, especially credit for the poorest, the United

5 States can continue to play a leadership role in the

6 global effort to expand financial services and oppor7 tunity to 100,000,000 of the poorest families on the

8 planet.

9 SEC. 103. PURPOSES.

10 The purposes of this title are—

11 (1) to make microenterprise development an im12 portant element of United States foreign economic

13 policy and assistance;

14 (2) to provide for the continuation and expan15 sion of the commitment of the United States Agency

16 for International Development to the development of

17 microenterprise institutions as outlined in its 1994

18 Microenterprise Initiative;

19 (3) to support and develop the capacity of

20 United States and indigenous nongovernmental orga21 nization intermediaries to provide credit, savings,

22 training, technical assistance, and business develop23 ment services to microentrepreneurs;

24 (4) to emphasize financial services and substan25 tially increase the amount of assistance devoted to
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1 both financial services and complementary business

2 development services designed to reach the poorest

3 people in developing countries, particularly women;

4 and

5 (5) to encourage the United States Agency for

6 International Development to coordinate microfinance

7 policy, in consultation with the Department of the

8 Treasury and the Department of State, and to pro9 vide global leadership among bilateral and multilat10 eral donors in promoting microenterprise for the

11 poorest of the poor.

12 SEC. 104. DEFINITIONS.

13 In this title:

14 (1) BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES.—The

15 term ‘‘business development services’’ means support

16 for the growth of microenterprises through training,

17 technical assistance, marketing assistance, improved

18 production technologies, and other services.

19 (2) MICROENTERPRISE INSTITUTION.—The term

20 ‘‘microenterprise institution’’ means an institution

21 that provides services, including microfinance, train22 ing, or business development services, for microentre23 preneurs.

24 (3) MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION.—The term

25 ‘‘microfinance institution’’ means an institution that
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1 directly provides, or works to expand, the availability

2 of credit, savings, and other financial services to

3 microentrepreneurs.

4 (4) PRACTITIONER INSTITUTION.—The term

5 ‘‘practitioner institution’’ means any institution that

6 provides services, including microfinance, training, or

7 business development services, for microentrepreneurs,

8 or provides assistance to microenterprise institutions.

9 SEC. 105. MICROENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT GRANT AS10 SISTANCE.

11 Chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of

12 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) is amended by adding at the

13 end the following new section:

14 ‘‘SEC. 131. MICROENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT GRANT AS15 SISTANCE.

16 ‘‘(a) FINDINGS AND POLICY.—Congress finds and de17 clares that—

18 ‘‘(1) the development of microenterprise is a vital

19 factor in the stable growth of developing countries and

20 in the development of free, open, and equitable inter21 national economic systems;

22 ‘‘(2) it is therefore in the best interest of the

23 United States to assist the development of microenter24 prises in developing countries; and
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1 ‘‘(3) the support of microenterprise can be served

2 by programs providing credit, savings, training, tech3 nical assistance, and business development services.

4 ‘‘(b) AUTHORIZATION.—

5 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out this part,

6 the President is authorized to provide grant assist7 ance for programs to increase the availability of cred8 it and other services to microenterprises lacking full

9 access to capital training, technical assistance, and

10 business development services, through—

11 ‘‘(A) grants to microfinance institutions for

12 the purpose of expanding the availability of cred13 it, savings, and other financial services to micro14 entrepreneurs;

15 ‘‘(B) grants to microenterprise institutions

16 for the purpose of training, technical assistance,

17 and business development services for microenter18 prises to enable them to make better use of credit,

19 to better manage their enterprises, and to in20 crease their income and build their assets;

21 ‘‘(C) capacity-building for microenterprise

22 institutions in order to enable them to better

23 meet the credit and training needs of microentre24 preneurs; and
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1 ‘‘(D) policy and regulatory programs at the

2 country level that improve the environment for

3 microentrepreneurs and microenterprise institu4 tions that serve the poor and very poor.

5 ‘‘(2) IMPLEMENTATION.—Assistance authorized

6 under paragraph (1) (A) and (B) shall be provided

7 through organizations that have a capacity to develop

8 and implement microenterprise programs, including

9 particularly—

10 ‘‘(A) United States and indigenous private

11 and voluntary organizations;

12 ‘‘(B) United States and indigenous credit

13 unions and cooperative organizations; or

14 ‘‘(C) other indigenous governmental and

15 nongovernmental organizations.

16 ‘‘(3) TARGETED ASSISTANCE.—In carrying out

17 sustainable poverty-focused programs under para18 graph (1), 50 percent of all microenterprise resources

19 shall be targeted to very poor entrepreneurs, defined

20 as those living in the bottom 50 percent below the

21 poverty line as established by the national government

22 of the country. Specifically, such resources shall be

23 used for—
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1 ‘‘(A) direct support of programs under this

2 subsection through practitioner institutions

3 that—

4 ‘‘(i) provide credit and other financial

5 services to entrepreneurs who are very poor,

6 with loans in 1995 United States dollars

7 of—

8 ‘‘(I) $1,000 or less in the Europe

9 and Eurasia region;

10 ‘‘(II) $400 or less in the Latin

11 America region; and

12 ‘‘(III) $300 or less in the rest of

13 the world; and

14 ‘‘(ii) can cover their costs in a reason15 able time period; or

16 ‘‘(B) demand-driven business development

17 programs that achieve reasonable cost recovery

18 that are provided to clients holding poverty loans

19 (as defined by the regional poverty loan limita20 tions in subparagraph (A)(i)), whether they are

21 provided by microfinance institutions or by spe22 cialized business development services providers.

23 ‘‘(4) SUPPORT FOR CENTRAL MECHANISMS.—The

24 President should continue support for central mecha25 nisms and missions, as appropriate, that—
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1 ‘‘(A) provide technical support for field mis2 sions;

3 ‘‘(B) strengthen the institutional develop4 ment of the intermediary organizations described

5 in paragraph (2);

6 ‘‘(C) share information relating to the pro7 vision of assistance authorized under paragraph

8 (1) between such field missions and intermediary

9 organizations; and

10 ‘‘(D) support the development of nonprofit

11 global microfinance networks, including credit

12 union systems, that—

13 ‘‘(i) are able to deliver very small loans

14 through a significant grassroots infrastruc15 ture based on market principles; and

16 ‘‘(ii) act as wholesale intermediaries

17 providing a range of services to micro18 finance retail institutions, including financ19 ing, technical assistance, capacity-building,

20 and safety and soundness accreditation.

21 ‘‘(5) LIMITATION.—Assistance provided under

22 this subsection may only be used to support micro23 enterprise programs and may not be used to support

24 programs not directly related to the purposes de25 scribed in paragraph (1).
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1 ‘‘(c) MONITORING SYSTEM.—In order to maximize the

2 sustainable development impact of the assistance authorized

3 under subsection (b)(1), the Administrator of the agency

4 primarily responsible for administering this part shall es5 tablish a monitoring system that—

6 ‘‘(1) establishes performance goals for such assist7 ance and expresses such goals in an objective and

8 quantifiable form, to the extent feasible;

9 ‘‘(2) establishes performance indicators to be

10 used in measuring or assessing the achievement of the

11 goals and objectives of such assistance;

12 ‘‘(3) provides a basis for recommendations for

13 adjustments to such assistance to enhance the sustain14 able development impact of such assistance, particu15 larly the impact of such assistance on the very poor,

16 particularly poor women; and

17 ‘‘(4) provides a basis for recommendations for

18 adjustments to measures for reaching the poorest of

19 the poor, including proposed legislation containing

20 amendments to enhance the sustainable development

21 impact of such assistance, as described in paragraph

22 (3).

23 ‘‘(d) LEVEL OF ASSISTANCE.—Of the funds made

24 available under this part, the FREEDOM Support Act, and

25 the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of
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1 1989, including local currencies derived from such funds,

2 there are authorized to be available $155,000,000 for each

3 of the fiscal years 2001 and 2002, to carry out this section.

4 ‘‘(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:

5 ‘‘(1) BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES.—The

6 term ‘business development services’ means support

7 for the growth of microenterprises through training,

8 technical assistance, marketing assistance, improved

9 production technologies, and other services.

10 ‘‘(2) MICROENTERPRISE INSTITUTION.—The term

11 ‘microenterprise institution’ means an institution

12 that provides services, including microfinance, train13 ing, or business development services, for microentre14 preneurs.

15 ‘‘(3) MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION.—The term

16 ‘microfinance institution’ means an institution that

17 directly provides, or works to expand, the availability

18 of credit, savings, and other financial services to

19 microentrepreneurs.

20 ‘‘(4) PRACTITIONER INSTITUTION.—The term

21 ‘practitioner institution’ means any institution that

22 provides services, including microfinance, training, or

23 business development services, for microentrepreneurs,

24 or provides assistance to microenterprise institu25 tions.’’.
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1 SEC. 106. MICRO- AND SMALL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT

2 CREDITS.

3 Section 108 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22

4 U.S.C. 2151f) is amended to read as follows:

5 ‘‘SEC. 108. MICRO- AND SMALL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT

6 CREDITS.

7 ‘‘(a) FINDINGS AND POLICY.—Congress finds and de8 clares that—

9 ‘‘(1) the development of micro- and small enter10 prises is a vital factor in the stable growth of devel11 oping countries and in the development and stability

12 of a free, open, and equitable international economic

13 system; and

14 ‘‘(2) it is, therefore, in the best interests of the

15 United States to assist the development of the enter16 prises of the poor in developing countries and to en17 gage the United States private sector in that process.

18 ‘‘(b) PROGRAM.—To carry out the policy set forth in

19 subsection (a), the President is authorized to provide assist20 ance to increase the availability of credit to micro- and

21 small enterprises lacking full access to credit, including

22 through—

23 ‘‘(1) loans and guarantees to credit institutions

24 for the purpose of expanding the availability of credit

25 to micro- and small enterprises;
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1 ‘‘(2) training programs for lenders in order to

2 enable them to better meet the credit needs of micro3 entrepreneurs; and

4 ‘‘(3) training programs for microentrepreneurs

5 in order to enable them to make better use of credit

6 and to better manage their enterprises.

7 ‘‘(c) ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA.—The Administrator of

8 the agency primarily responsible for administering this

9 part shall establish criteria for determining which credit

10 institutions described in subsection (b)(1) are eligible to

11 carry out activities, with respect to micro- and small enter12 prises, assisted under this section. Such criteria may in13 clude the following:

14 ‘‘(1) The extent to which the recipients of credit

15 from the entity do not have access to the local formal

16 financial sector.

17 ‘‘(2) The extent to which the recipients of credit

18 from the entity are among the poorest people in the

19 country.

20 ‘‘(3) The extent to which the entity is oriented

21 toward working directly with poor women.

22 ‘‘(4) The extent to which the entity recovers its

23 cost of lending.

24 ‘‘(5) The extent to which the entity implements

25 a plan to become financially sustainable.
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1 ‘‘(d) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENT.—Assistance pro2 vided under this section may only be used to support micro3 and small enterprise programs and may not be used to sup4 port programs not directly related to the purposes described

5 in subsection (b).

6 ‘‘(e) PROCUREMENT PROVISION.—Assistance may be

7 provided under this section without regard to section

8 604(a).

9 ‘‘(f) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—

10 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Of the amounts authorized to

11 be available to carry out section 131, there are au12 thorized to be available $1,500,000 for each of fiscal

13 years 2001 and 2002 to carry out this section.

14 ‘‘(2) COVERAGE OF SUBSIDY COSTS.—Amounts

15 authorized to be available under paragraph (1) shall

16 be made available to cover the subsidy cost, as defined

17 in section 502(5) of the Federal Credit Reform Act of

18 1990, for activities under this section.’’.

19 SEC. 107. UNITED STATES MICROFINANCE LOAN FACILITY.

20 (a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign

21 Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), as amended

22 by section 105 of this Act, is further amended by adding

23 at the end the following new section:
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1 ‘‘SEC. 132. UNITED STATES MICROFINANCE LOAN FACILITY.

2 ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator is author3 ized to establish a United States Microfinance Loan Facil4 ity (in this section referred to as the ‘Facility’) to pool and

5 manage the risk from natural disasters, war or civil con6 flict, national financial crisis, or short-term financial

7 movements that threaten the long-term development of

8 United States-supported microfinance institutions.

9 ‘‘(b) DISBURSEMENTS.—

10 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall

11 make disbursements from the Facility to United

12 States-supported microfinance institutions to prevent

13 the bankruptcy of such institutions caused by—

14 ‘‘(A) natural disasters;

15 ‘‘(B) national wars or civil conflict; or

16 ‘‘(C) national financial crisis or other

17 short-term financial movements that threaten the

18 long-term development of United States-sup19 ported microfinance institutions.

20 ‘‘(2) FORM OF ASSISTANCE.—Assistance under

21 this section shall be in the form of loans or loan guar22 antees for microfinance institutions that demonstrate

23 the capacity to resume self-sustained operations with24 in a reasonable time period.

25 ‘‘(3) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION PROCE26 DURES.—During each of the fiscal years 2001 and
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1 2002, funds may not be made available from the Fa2 cility until 15 days after notification of the proposed

3 availability of the funds has been provided to the con4 gressional committees specified in section 634A in ac5 cordance with the procedures applicable to re6 programming notifications under that section.

7 ‘‘(c) GENERAL PROVISIONS.—

8 ‘‘(1) POLICY PROVISIONS.—In providing the

9 credit assistance authorized by this section, the Ad10 ministrator should apply, as appropriate, the policy

11 provisions in this part that are applicable to develop12 ment assistance activities.

13 ‘‘(2) DEFAULT AND PROCUREMENT PROVI14 SIONS.—

15 ‘‘(A) DEFAULT PROVISION.—The provisions

16 of section 620(q), or any comparable provision of

17 law, shall not be construed to prohibit assistance

18 to a country in the event that a private sector

19 recipient of assistance furnished under this sec20 tion is in default in its payment to the United

21 States for the period specified in such section.

22 ‘‘(B) PROCUREMENT PROVISION.—Assist23 ance may be provided under this section without

24 regard to section 604(a).
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1 ‘‘(3) TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF CREDIT ASSIST2 ANCE.—

3 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Credit assistance pro4 vided under this section shall be offered on such

5 terms and conditions, including fees charged, as

6 the Administrator may determine.

7 ‘‘(B) LIMITATION ON PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF

8 FINANCING.—The principal amount of loans

9 made or guaranteed under this section in any

10 fiscal year, with respect to any single event, may

11 not exceed $30,000,000.

12 ‘‘(C) EXCEPTION.—No payment may be

13 made under any guarantee issued under this sec14 tion for any loss arising out of fraud or mis15 representation for which the party seeking pay16 ment is responsible.

17 ‘‘(4) FULL FAITH AND CREDIT.—All guarantees

18 issued under this section shall constitute obligations,

19 in accordance with the terms of such guarantees, of

20 the United States of America, and the full faith and

21 credit of the United States of America is hereby

22 pledged for the full payment and performance of such

23 obligations to the extent of the guarantee.

24 ‘‘(d) FUNDING.—
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1 ‘‘(1) ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.—Of the amounts

2 made available to carry out this part for the fiscal

3 year 2001, up to $5,000,000 may be made available

4 for—

5 ‘‘(A) the subsidy cost, as defined in section

6 502(5) of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990,

7 to carry out this section; and

8 ‘‘(B) the administrative costs to carry out

9 this section.

10 ‘‘(2) RELATION TO OTHER FUNDING.—Amounts

11 made available under paragraph (1) are in addition

12 to amounts available under any other provision of

13 law to carry out this section.

14 ‘‘(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:

15 ‘‘(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘Adminis16 trator’ means the Administrator of the agency pri17 marily responsible for administering this part.

18 ‘‘(2) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT19 TEES.—The term ‘appropriate congressional commit20 tees’ means the Committee on Foreign Relations of the

21 Senate and the Committee on International Relations

22 of the House of Representatives.

23 ‘‘(3) UNITED STATES-SUPPORTED MICROFINANCE

24 INSTITUTION.—The term ‘United States-supported

25 microfinance institution’ means a financial inter-
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1 mediary that has received funds made available under

2 part I of this Act for fiscal year 1980 or any subse3 quent fiscal year.’’.

4 (b) REPORT.—Not later than 120 days after the date

5 of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the United

6 States Agency for International Development shall submit

7 to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and

8 the Committee on International Relations of the House of

9 Representatives a report on the policies, rules, and regula10 tions of the United States Microfinance Loan Facility es11 tablished under section 132 of the Foreign Assistance Act

12 of 1961, as added by subsection (a).

13 SEC. 108. REPORT RELATING TO FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF

14 MICROENTERPRISE INSTITUTIONS.

15 (a) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date

16 of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to

17 the appropriate congressional committees a report on the

18 most cost-effective methods and measurements for increas19 ing the access of poor people overseas to credit, other finan20 cial services, and related training.

21 (b) CONTENTS.—The report described in subsection

22 (a)—

23 (1) shall include how the President, in consulta24 tion with the Administrator of the United States

25 Agency for International Development, the Secretary
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1 of State, and the Secretary of the Treasury, will de2 velop a comprehensive strategy for advancing the

3 global microenterprise sector in a way that maintains

4 market principles while ensuring that the very poor

5 overseas, particularly women, obtain access to finan6 cial services overseas;

7 (2) shall provide guidelines and recommenda8 tions for—

9 (A) instruments to assist microenterprise

10 networks to develop multi-country and regional

11 microlending programs;

12 (B) technical assistance to foreign govern13 ments, foreign central banks, and regulatory en14 tities to improve the policy environment for

15 microfinance institutions, and to strengthen the

16 capacity of supervisory bodies to supervise

17 microfinance institutions;

18 (C) the potential for Federal chartering of

19 United States-based international microfinance

20 network institutions, including proposed legisla21 tion;

22 (D) instruments to increase investor con23 fidence in microfinance institutions which would

24 strengthen the long-term financial position of the

25 microfinance institutions and attract capital
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1 from private sector entities and individuals, such

2 as a rating system for microfinance institutions

3 and local credit bureaus;

4 (E) an agenda for integrating microfinance

5 into United States foreign policy initiatives seek6 ing to develop and strengthen the global finance

7 sector; and

8 (F) innovative instruments to attract funds

9 from the capital markets, such as instruments

10 for leveraging funds from the local commercial

11 banking sector, and the securitization of

12 microloan portfolios; and

13 (3) shall include a section that assesses the need

14 for a microenterprise accelerated growth fund and

15 that includes—

16 (A) a description of the benefits of such a

17 fund;

18 (B) an identification of which microenter19 prise institutions might become eligible for as20 sistance from such fund;

21 (C) a description of how such a fund could

22 be administered;

23 (D) a recommendation on which agency or

24 agencies of the United States Government should
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1 administer the fund and within which such

2 agency the fund should be located; and

3 (E) a recommendation on how soon it

4 might be necessary to establish such a fund in

5 order to provide the support necessary for micro6 enterprise institutions involved in microenter7 prise development.

8 (c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE9 FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres10 sional committees’’ means the Committee on International

11 Relations of the House of Representatives and the Com12 mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.

13 SEC. 109. UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL

14 DEVELOPMENT AS GLOBAL LEADER AND CO15 ORDINATOR OF BILATERAL AND MULTILAT16 ERAL MICROENTERPRISE ASSISTANCE AC17 TIVITIES.

18 (a) FINDINGS AND POLICY.—Congress finds and de19 clares that—

20 (1) the United States can provide leadership to

21 other bilateral and multilateral development agencies

22 as such agencies expand their support to the micro23 enterprise sector; and

24 (2) the United States should seek to improve co25 ordination among G–7 countries in the support of the
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1 microenterprise sector in order to leverage the invest2 ment of the United States with that of other donor

3 nations.

4 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress

5 that—

6 (1) the Administrator of the United States Agen7 cy for International Development and the Secretary

8 of State should seek to support and strengthen the ef9 fectiveness of microfinance activities in United Na10 tions agencies, such as the United Nations Develop11 ment Program (UNDP), which have provided key

12 leadership in developing the microenterprise sector;

13 and

14 (2) the Secretary of the Treasury should instruct

15 each United States Executive Director of the multilat16 eral development banks (MDBs) to advocate the devel17 opment of a coherent and coordinated strategy to sup18 port the microenterprise sector and an increase of

19 multilateral resource flows for the purposes of build20 ing microenterprise retail and wholesale inter21 mediaries.

22 SEC. 110. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON CONSIDERATION OF

23 MEXICO AS A KEY PRIORITY IN MICROENTER24 PRISE FUNDING ALLOCATIONS.

25 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following findings:
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1 (1) An estimated 45,000,000 of Mexico’s

2 100,000,000 population currently lives below the pov3 erty line, accounting for 20 percent of all poor in

4 Latin America.

5 (2) Mexico cannot create enough salaried jobs to

6 absorb new workers entering the labor force.

7 (3) While many poor families depend on micro8 enterprise initiatives to generate a livelihood, the

9 United States Agency for International Development

10 currently has 2 microcredit projects in Mexico, receiv11 ing less than one percent of overall microenterprise

12 funding in Latin America and the Caribbean during

13 the last decade.

14 (4) Mexico’s microenterprise activity has been

15 constrained because its financial institutions cannot

16 expand financial services to a larger clientele due to

17 a lack of capital, inefficient financial and adminis18 trative management, and a lack of institutional sup19 port for microfinance institutions’ particular needs.

20 (5) Mexican nongovernmental organizations,

21 such as Compartamos, have demonstrated competence

22 in developing local microfinance programs.

23 (6) On July 2, 2000, Vicente Fox Quesada of the

24 Alliance for Change was elected President of the

25 United Mexican States.
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1 (7) The President-elect of Mexico has identified

2 entrepreneurship and the start-up of new microcredit

3 institutions as key economic priorities.

4 (8) Microenterprise and entrepreneurial initia5 tives have proven to be successful components of free

6 market development and economic stability.

7 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress

8 that—

9 (1) providing Mexico’s poor with economic op10 portunity and microfinance services is fundamental

11 to Mexico’s economic development;

12 (2) microenterprise can have a positive impact

13 on Mexico’s free market development; and

14 (3) the United States Agency for International

15 Development should consider Mexico as a key priority

16 in its microenterprise funding allocations.

17 TITLE II—INTERNATIONAL ANTI18 CORRUPTION AND GOOD GOV19 ERNANCE ACT OF 2000

20 SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE.

21 This title may be cited as the ‘‘International Anti-Cor22 ruption and Good Governance Act of 2000’’.

23 SEC. 202. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

24 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following:
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1 (1) Widespread corruption endangers the sta2 bility and security of societies, undermines democ3 racy, and jeopardizes the social, political, and eco4 nomic development of a society.

5 (2) Corruption facilitates criminal activities,

6 such as money laundering, hinders economic develop7 ment, inflates the costs of doing business, and under8 mines the legitimacy of the government and public

9 trust.

10 (3) In January 1997 the United Nations General

11 Assembly adopted a resolution urging member states

12 to carefully consider the problems posed by the inter13 national aspects of corrupt practices and to study ap14 propriate legislative and regulatory measures to en15 sure the transparency and integrity of financial sys16 tems.

17 (4) The United States was the first country to

18 criminalize international bribery through the enact19 ment of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977

20 and United States leadership was instrumental in the

21 passage of the Organization for Economic Coopera22 tion and Development (OECD) Convention on Com23 batting Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in Inter24 national Business Transactions.
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1 (5) The Vice President, at the Global Forum on

2 Fighting Corruption in 1999, declared corruption to

3 be a direct threat to the rule of law and the Secretary

4 of State declared corruption to be a matter of pro5 found political and social consequence for our efforts

6 to strengthen democratic governments.

7 (6) The Secretary of State, at the Inter-American

8 Development Bank’s annual meeting in March 2000,

9 declared that despite certain economic achievements,

10 democracy is being threatened as citizens grow weary

11 of the corruption and favoritism of their official insti12 tutions and that efforts must be made to improve gov13 ernance if respect for democratic institutions is to be

14 regained.

15 (7) In May 1996 the Organization of American

16 States (OAS) adopted the Inter-American Convention

17 Against Corruption requiring countries to provide

18 various forms of international cooperation and assist19 ance to facilitate the prevention, investigation, and

20 prosecution of acts of corruption.

21 (8) Independent media, committed to fighting

22 corruption and trained in investigative journalism

23 techniques, can both educate the public on the costs of

24 corruption and act as a deterrent against corrupt of25 ficials.
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1 (9) Competent and independent judiciary, found2 ed on a merit-based selection process and trained to

3 enforce contracts and protect property rights, is crit4 ical for creating a predictable and consistent environ5 ment for transparency in legal procedures.

6 (10) Independent and accountable legislatures,

7 responsive political parties, and transparent electoral

8 processes, in conjunction with professional, account9 able, and transparent financial management and pro10 curement policies and procedures, are essential to the

11 promotion of good governance and to the combat of

12 corruption.

13 (11) Transparent business frameworks, including

14 modern commercial codes and intellectual property

15 rights, are vital to enhancing economic growth and

16 decreasing corruption at all levels of society.

17 (12) The United States should attempt to im18 prove accountability in foreign countries, including

19 by—

20 (A) promoting transparency and account21 ability through support for independent media,

22 promoting financial disclosure by public offi23 cials, political parties, and candidates for public

24 office, open budgeting processes, adequate and ef25 fective internal control systems, suitable finan-
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1 cial management systems, and financial and

2 compliance reporting;

3 (B) supporting the establishment of audit

4 offices, inspectors general offices, third party

5 monitoring of government procurement processes,

6 and anti-corruption agencies;

7 (C) promoting responsive, transparent, and

8 accountable legislatures that ensure legislative

9 oversight and whistle-blower protection;

10 (D) promoting judicial reforms that crim11 inalize corruption and promoting law enforce12 ment that prosecutes corruption;

13 (E) fostering business practices that pro14 mote transparent, ethical, and competitive be15 havior in the private sector through the develop16 ment of an effective legal framework for com17 merce, including anti-bribery laws, commercial

18 codes that incorporate international standards

19 for business practices, and protection of intellec20 tual property rights; and

21 (F) promoting free and fair national, state,

22 and local elections.

23 (b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this title is to ensure

24 that United States assistance programs promote good gov25 ernance by assisting other countries to combat corruption
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1 throughout society and to improve transparency and ac2 countability at all levels of government and throughout the

3 private sector.

4 SEC. 203. DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE POLICY.

5 (a) GENERAL POLICY.—Section 101(a) of the Foreign

6 Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151(a)) is amended in

7 the fifth sentence—

8 (1) by striking ‘‘four’’ and inserting ‘‘five’’;

9 (2) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of paragraph

10 (3);

11 (3) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at

12 the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and

13 (4) by adding at the end the following:

14 ‘‘(5) the promotion of good governance through

15 combating corruption and improving transparency

16 and accountability.’’.

17 (b) DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE POLICY.—Section

18 102(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C.

19 2151–1(b)) is amended—

20 (1) in paragraph (4)—

21 (A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of sub22 paragraph (E);

23 (B) in subparagraph (F), by striking the

24 period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and

25 (C) by adding at the end the following:
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1 ‘‘(G) progress in combating corruption and

2 improving transparency and accountability in

3 the public and private sector.’’; and

4 (2) by adding at the end the following:

5 ‘‘(17) Economic reform and development of effec6 tive institutions of democratic governance are mutu7 ally reinforcing. The successful transition of a devel8 oping country is dependent upon the quality of its

9 economic and governance institutions. Rule of law,

10 mechanisms of accountability and transparency, secu11 rity of person, property, and investments, are but a

12 few of the critical governance and economic reforms

13 that underpin the sustainability of broad-based eco14 nomic growth. Programs in support of such reforms

15 strengthen the capacity of people to hold their govern16 ments accountable and to create economic oppor17 tunity.’’.

18 SEC. 204. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY TECHNICAL AS19 SISTANCE PROGRAM FOR DEVELOPING COUN20 TRIES.

21 Section 129(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961

22 (22 U.S.C. 2151aa(b)) is amended by adding at the end

23 the following:

24 ‘‘(3) EMPHASIS ON ANTI-CORRUPTION.—Such

25 technical assistance shall include elements designed to
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1 combat anti-competitive, unethical, and corrupt ac2 tivities, including protection against actions that

3 may distort or inhibit transparency in market mech4 anisms and, to the extent applicable, privatization

5 procedures.’’.

6 SEC. 205. AUTHORIZATION OF GOOD GOVERNANCE PRO7 GRAMS.

8 (a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign

9 Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), as amended

10 by sections 105 and 107, is further amended by adding at

11 the end the following:

12 ‘‘SEC. 133. PROGRAMS TO ENCOURAGE GOOD GOVERNANCE.

13 ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAMS.—

14 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized

15 to establish programs that combat corruption, im16 prove transparency and accountability, and promote

17 other forms of good governance in countries described

18 in paragraph (2).

19 ‘‘(2) COUNTRIES DESCRIBED.—A country de20 scribed in this paragraph is a country that is eligible

21 to receive assistance under this part (including chap22 ter 4 of part II of this Act) or the Support for East

23 European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989.

24 ‘‘(3) PRIORITY.—In carrying out paragraph (1),

25 the President shall give priority to establishing pro-
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1 grams in countries that received a significant amount

2 of United States foreign assistance for the prior fiscal

3 year, or in which the United States has a significant

4 economic interest, and that continue to have the most

5 persistent problems with public and private corrup6 tion. In determining which countries have the most

7 persistent problems with public and private corrup8 tion under the preceding sentence, the President shall

9 take into account criteria such as the Transparency

10 International Annual Corruption Perceptions Index,

11 standards and codes set forth by the International

12 Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the

13 International Monetary Fund, and other relevant cri14 teria.

15 ‘‘(4) RELATION TO OTHER LAWS.—

16 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Assistance provided for

17 countries under programs established pursuant

18 to paragraph (1) may be made available not19 withstanding any other provision of law that re20 stricts assistance to foreign countries. Assistance

21 provided under a program established pursuant

22 to paragraph (1) for a country that would other23 wise be restricted from receiving such assistance

24 but for the preceding sentence may not be pro25 vided directly to the government of the country.
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1 ‘‘(B) EXCEPTION.—Subparagraph (A) does

2 not apply with respect to—

3 ‘‘(i) section 620A of this Act or any

4 comparable provision of law prohibiting as5 sistance to countries that support inter6 national terrorism; or

7 ‘‘(ii) section 907 of the Freedom for

8 Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democ9 racies and Open Markets Support Act of

10 1992.

11 ‘‘(b) SPECIFIC PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES.—The pro12 grams established pursuant to subsection (a) shall include,

13 to the extent appropriate, projects and activities that—

14 ‘‘(1) support responsible independent media to

15 promote oversight of public and private institutions;

16 ‘‘(2) implement financial disclosure among pub17 lic officials, political parties, and candidates for pub18 lic office, open budgeting processes, and transparent

19 financial management systems;

20 ‘‘(3) support the establishment of audit offices,

21 inspectors general offices, third party monitoring of

22 government procurement processes, and anti-corrup23 tion agencies;

24 ‘‘(4) promote responsive, transparent, and ac25 countable legislatures and local governments that en-
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1 sure legislative and local oversight and whistle-blower

2 protection;

3 ‘‘(5) promote legal and judicial reforms that

4 criminalize corruption and law enforcement reforms

5 and development that encourage prosecutions of

6 criminal corruption;

7 ‘‘(6) assist in the development of a legal frame8 work for commercial transactions that fosters business

9 practices that promote transparent, ethical, and com10 petitive behavior in the economic sector, such as com11 mercial codes that incorporate international stand12 ards and protection of intellectual property rights;

13 ‘‘(7) promote free and fair national, state, and

14 local elections;

15 ‘‘(8) foster public participation in the legislative

16 process and public access to government information;

17 and

18 ‘‘(9) engage civil society in the fight against cor19 ruption.

20 ‘‘(c) CONDUCT OF PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES.—

21 Projects and activities under the programs established pur22 suant to subsection (a) may include, among other things,

23 training and technical assistance (including drafting of

24 anti-corruption, privatization, and competitive statutory

25 and administrative codes), drafting of anti-corruption, pri-
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1 vatization, and competitive statutory and administrative

2 codes, support for independent media and publications, fi3 nancing of the program and operating costs of nongovern4 mental organizations that carry out such projects or activi5 ties, and assistance for travel of individuals to the United

6 States and other countries for such projects and activities.

7 ‘‘(d) ANNUAL REPORT.—

8 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State, in

9 consultation with the Secretary of Commerce and the

10 Administrator of the United States Agency for Inter11 national Development, shall prepare and transmit to

12 the Committee on International Relations and the

13 Committee on Appropriations of the House of Rep14 resentatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations

15 and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate

16 an annual report on—

17 ‘‘(A) projects and activities carried out

18 under programs established under subsection (a)

19 for the prior year in priority countries identified

20 pursuant to subsection (a)(3); and

21 ‘‘(B) projects and activities carried out

22 under programs to combat corruption, improve

23 transparency and accountability, and promote

24 other forms of good governance established under
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1 other provisions of law for the prior year in such

2 countries.

3 ‘‘(2) REQUIRED CONTENTS.—The report required

4 by paragraph (1) shall contain the following informa5 tion with respect to each country described in para6 graph (1):

7 ‘‘(A) A description of all United States Gov8 ernment-funded programs and initiatives to

9 combat corruption and improve transparency

10 and accountability in the country.

11 ‘‘(B) A description of United States diplo12 matic efforts to combat corruption and improve

13 transparency and accountability in the country.

14 ‘‘(C) An analysis of major actions taken by

15 the government of the country to combat corrup16 tion and improve transparency and account17 ability in the country.

18 ‘‘(e) FUNDING.—Amounts made available to carry out

19 the other provisions of this part (including chapter 4 of part

20 II of this Act) and the Support for East European Democ21 racy (SEED) Act of 1989 shall be made available to carry

22 out this section.’’.

23 (b) DEADLINE FOR INITIAL REPORT.—The initial an24 nual report required by section 133(d)(1) of the Foreign As25 sistance Act of 1961, as added by subsection (a), shall be
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1 transmitted not later than 180 days after the date of the

2 enactment of this Act.

3 TITLE III—INTERNATIONAL ACA4 DEMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT OF

5 2000

6 SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE.

7 This title may be cited as the ‘‘International Academic

8 Opportunity Act of 2000’’.

9 SEC. 302. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE.

10 It is the purpose of this title to establish an under11 graduate grant program for students of limited financial

12 means from the United States to enable such students to

13 study abroad. Such foreign study is intended to broaden

14 the outlook and better prepare such students of dem15 onstrated financial need to assume significant roles in the

16 increasingly global economy.

17 SEC. 303. ESTABLISHMENT OF GRANT PROGRAM FOR FOR18 EIGN STUDY BY AMERICAN COLLEGE STU19 DENTS OF LIMITED FINANCIAL MEANS.

20 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Subject to the availability of

21 appropriations and under the authorities of the Mutual

22 Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, the Sec23 retary of State shall establish and carry out a program in

24 each fiscal year to award grants of up to $5,000, to individ25 uals who meet the requirements of subsection (b), toward
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1 the cost of up to one academic year of undergraduate study

2 abroad. Grants under this Act shall be known as the ‘‘Ben3 jamin A. Gilman International Scholarships’’.

4 (b) ELIGIBILITY.—An individual referred to in sub5 section (a) is an individual who—

6 (1) is a student in good standing at an institu7 tion of higher education in the United States (as de8 fined in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act

9 of 1965);

10 (2) has been accepted for up to one academic

11 year of study on a program of study abroad approved

12 for credit by the student’s home institution;

13 (3) is receiving any need-based student assist14 ance under title IV of the Higher Education Act of

15 1965; and

16 (4) is a citizen or national of the United States.

17 (c) APPLICATION AND SELECTION.—

18 (1) Grant application and selection shall be car19 ried out through accredited institutions of higher edu20 cation in the United States or a combination of such

21 institutions under such procedures as are established

22 by the Secretary of State.

23 (2) In considering applications for grants under

24 this section—
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1 (A) consideration of financial need shall in2 clude the increased costs of study abroad; and

3 (B) priority consideration shall be given to

4 applicants who are receiving Federal Pell Grants

5 under title IV of the Higher Education Act of

6 1965.

7 SEC. 304. REPORT TO CONGRESS.

8 The Secretary of State shall report annually to the

9 Congress concerning the grant program established under

10 this title. Each such report shall include the following infor11 mation for the preceding year:

12 (1) The number of participants.

13 (2) The institutions of higher education in the

14 United States that participants attended.

15 (3) The institutions of higher education outside

16 the United States participants attended during their

17 study abroad.

18 (4) The areas of study of participants.

19 SEC. 305. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

20 There are authorized to be appropriated $1,500,000 for

21 each fiscal year to carry out this title.

22 SEC. 306. EFFECTIVE DATE.

23 This title shall take effect October 1, 2000.
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1 TITLE IV—MISCELLANEOUS

2 PROVISIONS

3 SEC. 401. SUPPORT FOR OVERSEAS COOPERATIVE DEVEL4 OPMENT ACT.

5 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the

6 ‘‘Support for Overseas Cooperative Development Act’’.

7 (b) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the following

8 findings:

9 (1) It is in the mutual economic interest of the

10 United States and peoples in developing and transi11 tional countries to promote cooperatives and credit

12 unions.

13 (2) Self-help institutions, including cooperatives

14 and credit unions, provide enhanced opportunities for

15 people to participate directly in democratic decision16 making for their economic and social benefit through

17 ownership and control of business enterprises and

18 through the mobilization of local capital and savings

19 and such organizations should be fully utilized in fos20 tering free market principles and the adoption of self21 help approaches to development.

22 (3) The United States seeks to encourage broad23 based economic and social development by creating

24 and supporting—
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1 (A) agricultural cooperatives that provide a

2 means to lift low income farmers and rural peo3 ple out of poverty and to better integrate them

4 into national economies;

5 (B) credit union networks that serve people

6 of limited means through safe savings and by ex7 tending credit to families and microenterprises;

8 (C) electric and telephone cooperatives that

9 provide rural customers with power and tele10 communications services essential to economic

11 development;

12 (D) housing and community-based coopera13 tives that provide low income shelter and work

14 opportunities for the urban poor; and

15 (E) mutual and cooperative insurance com16 panies that provide risk protection for life and

17 property to under-served populations often

18 through group policies.

19 (c) GENERAL PROVISIONS.—

20 (1) DECLARATIONS OF POLICY.—The Congress

21 supports the development and expansion of economic

22 assistance programs that fully utilize cooperatives

23 and credit unions, particularly those programs com24 mitted to—
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1 (A) international cooperative principles,

2 democratic governance and involvement of

3 women and ethnic minorities for economic and

4 social development;

5 (B) self-help mobilization of member sav6 ings and equity and retention of profits in the

7 community, except for those programs that are

8 dependent on donor financing;

9 (C) market-oriented and value-added activi10 ties with the potential to reach large numbers of

11 low income people and help them enter into the

12 mainstream economy;

13 (D) strengthening the participation of rural

14 and urban poor to contribute to their country’s

15 economic development; and

16 (E) utilization of technical assistance and

17 training to better serve the member-owners.

18 (2) DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES.—Section 111 of

19 the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151i)

20 is amended by adding at the end the following: ‘‘In

21 meeting the requirement of the preceding sentence,

22 specific priority shall be given to the following:

23 ‘‘(1) AGRICULTURE.—Technical assistance to low

24 income farmers who form and develop member-owned
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1 cooperatives for farm supplies, marketing and value2 added processing.

3 ‘‘(2) FINANCIAL SYSTEMS.—The promotion of

4 national credit union systems through credit union5 to-credit union technical assistance that strengthens

6 the ability of low income people and micro-entre7 preneurs to save and to have access to credit for their

8 own economic advancement.

9 ‘‘(3) INFRASTRUCTURE.—The support of rural

10 electric and telecommunication cooperatives for access

11 for rural people and villages that lack reliable electric

12 and telecommunications services.

13 ‘‘(4) HOUSING AND COMMUNITY SERVICES.—The

14 promotion of community-based cooperatives which

15 provide employment opportunities and important

16 services such as health clinics, self-help shelter, envi17 ronmental improvements, group-owned businesses,

18 and other activities.’’.

19 (d) REPORT.—Not later than 6 months after the date

20 of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the United

21 States Agency for International Development, in consulta22 tion with the heads of other appropriate agencies, shall pre23 pare and submit to Congress a report on the implementa24 tion of section 111 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961

25 (22 U.S.C. 2151i), as amended by subsection (c).
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1 SEC. 402. FUNDING OF CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSIST2 ANCE ACTIVITIES OF USAID.

3 (a) ALLOCATION OF FUNDS FOR CERTAIN ENVIRON4 MENTAL ACTIVITIES.—Of the amounts authorized to be ap5 propriated for the fiscal year 2001 to carry out chapter 1

6 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C.

7 2151 et seq.; relating to development assistance), there is

8 authorized to be available at least $60,200,000 to carry out

9 activities of the type carried out by the Global Environment

10 Center of the United States Agency for International Devel11 opment during fiscal year 2000.

12 (b) ALLOCATION FOR WATER AND COASTAL RE13 SOURCES.—Of the amounts made available under sub14 section (a), at least $2,500,000 shall be available for water

15 and coastal resources activities under the natural resources

16 management function specified in that subsection.

17 SEC. 403. PROCESSING OF APPLICATIONS FOR TRANSPOR18 TATION OF HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE

19 ABROAD BY THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE.

20 (a) PRIORITY FOR DISASTER RELIEF ASSISTANCE.—

21 In processing applications for the transportation of human22 itarian assistance abroad under section 402 of title 10,

23 United States Code, the Administrator of the United States

24 Agency for International Development shall afford a pri25 ority to applications for the transportation of disaster relief

26 assistance.
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1 (b) MODIFICATION OF APPLICATIONS.—The Adminis2 trator of the United States Agency for International Devel3 opment shall take all possible actions to assist applicants

4 for the transportation of humanitarian assistance abroad

5 under such section 402 in modifying or completing applica6 tions submitted under such section in order to meet applica7 ble requirements under such section. The actions shall in8 clude efforts to contact such applicants for purposes of the

9 modification or completion of such applications.

10 SEC. 404. WORKING CAPITAL FUND.

11 Section 635 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22

12 U.S.C. 2395) is amended by adding at the end the following

13 new subsection:

14 ‘‘(m)(1) There is established a working capital fund

15 (in this subsection referred to as the ‘fund’) for the United

16 States Agency for International Development (in this sub17 section referred to as the ‘Agency’) which shall be available

18 without fiscal year limitation for the expenses of personal

19 and nonpersonal services, equipment, and supplies for—

20 ‘‘(A) International Cooperative Administrative

21 Support Services; and

22 ‘‘(B) rebates from the use of United States Gov23 ernment credit cards.

24 ‘‘(2) The capital of the fund shall consist of—
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1 ‘‘(A) the fair and reasonable value of such sup2 plies, equipment, and other assets pertaining to the

3 functions of the fund as the Administrator deter4 mines,

5 ‘‘(B) rebates from the use of United States Gov6 ernment credit cards, and

7 ‘‘(C) any appropriations made available for the

8 purpose of providing capital,

9 minus related liabilities.

10 ‘‘(3) The fund shall be reimbursed or credited with ad11 vance payments for services, equipment, or supplies pro12 vided from the fund from applicable appropriations and

13 funds of the Agency, other Federal agencies and other

14 sources authorized by section 607 at rates that will recover

15 total expenses of operation, including accrual of annual

16 leave and depreciation. Receipts from the disposal of, or

17 payments for the loss or damage to, property held in the

18 fund, rebates, reimbursements, refunds and other credits ap19 plicable to the operation of the fund may be deposited in

20 the fund.

21 ‘‘(4) At the close of each fiscal year the Administrator

22 of the Agency shall transfer out of the fund to the miscella23 neous receipts account of the Treasury of the United States

24 such amounts as the Administrator determines to be in ex25 cess of the needs of the fund.
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1 ‘‘(5) The fund may be charged with the current value

2 of supplies and equipment returned to the working capital

3 of the fund by a post, activity, or agency, and the proceeds

4 shall he credited to current applicable appropriations.’’.

5 SEC. 405. INCREASE IN AUTHORIZED NUMBER OF EMPLOY6 EES AND REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED

7 STATES MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS

8 PROVIDED LIVING QUARTERS IN NEW YORK.

9 Section 9(2) of the United Nations Participation Act

10 of 1945 (22 U.S.C. 287e–1(2)) is amended by striking ‘‘18’’

11 and inserting ‘‘30’’.

12 SEC. 406. AVAILABILITY OF VOA AND RADIO MARTI MULTI13 LINGUAL COMPUTER READABLE TEXT AND

14 VOICE RECORDINGS.

15 Section 1(b) of Public Law 104–269 (110 Stat. 3300)

16 is amended by striking ‘‘5 years’’ and inserting ‘‘10 years’’.

17 SEC. 407. AVAILABILITY OF CERTAIN MATERIALS OF THE

18 VOICE OF AMERICA.

19 (a) AUTHORITY.—

20 (1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the provisions of

21 this section, the Broadcasting Board of Governors (in

22 this section referred to as the ‘‘Board’’) is authorized

23 to make available to the Institute for Media Develop24 ment (in this section referred to as the ‘‘Institute’’),

25 at the request of the Institute, previously broadcast
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1 audio and video materials produced by the Africa Di2 vision of the Voice of America.

3 (2) DEPOSIT OF MATERIALS.—Upon the request

4 of the Institute and the approval of the Board, mate5 rials made available under paragraph (1) may be de6 posited with the University of California, Los Ange7 les, or such other appropriate institution of higher

8 education (as defined in section 101(a) of the Higher

9 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)) that is

10 approved by the Board for such purpose.

11 (3) SUPERSEDES EXISTING LAW.—Materials

12 made available under paragraph (1) may be provided

13 notwithstanding section 501 of the United States In14 formation and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22

15 U.S.C. 1461) and section 208 of the Foreign Relations

16 Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987 (22

17 U.S.C. 1461–1a).

18 (b) LIMITATIONS.—

19 (1) AUTHORIZED PURPOSES.—Materials made

20 available under this section shall be used only for aca21 demic and research purposes and may not be used for

22 public or commercial broadcast purposes.

23 (2) PRIOR AGREEMENT REQUIRED.—Before mak24 ing available materials under subsection (a)(1), the
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1 Board shall enter into an agreement with the Insti2 tute providing for—

3 (A) reimbursement of the Board for any ex4 penses involved in making such materials avail5 able;

6 (B) the establishment of guidelines by the

7 Institute for the archiving and use of the mate8 rials to ensure that copyrighted works contained

9 in those materials will not be used in a manner

10 that would violate the copyright laws of the

11 United States (including international copyright

12 conventions to which the United States is a

13 party);

14 (C) the indemnification of the United States

15 by the Institute in the event that any use of the

16 materials results in violation of the copyright

17 laws of the United States (including inter18 national copyright conventions to which the

19 United States is a party);

20 (D) the authority of the Board to terminate

21 the agreement if the provisions of paragraph (1)

22 are violated; and

23 (E) any other terms and conditions relating

24 to the materials that the Board considers appro25 priate.
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1 (c) CREDITING OF REIMBURSEMENTS TO BOARD AP2 PROPRIATIONS ACCOUNT.—Any reimbursement of the

3 Board under subsection (b) shall be deposited as an offset4 ting collection to the currently applicable appropriation ac5 count of the Board.

6 (d) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY.—The authority

7 provided under this section shall cease to have effect on the

8 date that is 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act.

9 SEC. 408. PAUL D. COVERDELL FELLOWS PROGRAM ACT OF

10 2000.

11 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the

12 ‘‘Paul D. Coverdell Fellows Program Act of 2000’’.

13 (b) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following findings:

14 (1) Paul D. Coverdell was elected to the George

15 State Senate in 1970 and later became Minority

16 Leader of the Georgia State Senate, a post he held for

17 15 years.

18 (2) Paul D. Coverdell served with distinction as

19 the 11th Director of the Peace Corps from 1989 to

20 1991, where he promoted a fellowship program that

21 was composed of returning Peace Corps volunteers

22 who agreed to work in underserved American commu23 nities while they pursued educational degrees.
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1 (3) Paul D. Coverdell served in the United States

2 Senate from the State of Georgia from 1993 until his

3 sudden death on July 18, 2000.

4 (4) Senator Paul D. Coverdell was beloved by his

5 colleagues for his civility, bipartisan efforts, and his

6 dedication to public service.

7 (c) DESIGNATION OF PAUL D. COVERDELL FELLOWS

8 PROGRAM.—

9 (1) IN GENERAL.—Effective on the date of enact10 ment of this Act, the program under section 18 of the

11 Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2517) referred to before

12 such date as the ‘‘Peace Corps Fellows/USA Program’’

13 is redesignated as the ‘‘Paul D. Coverdell Fellows

14 Program’’.

15 (2) REFERENCES.—Any reference before the date

16 of enactment of this Act in any law, regulation, order,

17 document, record, or other paper of the United States

18 to the Peace Corps Fellows/USA Program shall, on

19 and after such date, be considered to refer to the Paul

20 D. Coverdell Fellows Program.

Attest:

Secretary.
106TH CONGRESS

2D SESSION H. R. 1143

AMENDMENT
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