Supreme Court 

No. 2017-158-C.A. 

(P1/15-3593AG) 

State :

v. :

Bruce Moten. :

NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before 

publication in the Rhode Island Reporter. Readers are requested to 

notify the Opinion Analyst, Supreme Court of Rhode Island, 

250 Benefit Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, at Telephone 

222-3258 of any typographical or other formal errors in order that 

corrections may be made before the opinion is published. 

June 26, 2018
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Supreme Court

No. 2017-158-C.A.

(P1/15-3593AG)

State :

v. :

Bruce Moten. :

Present: Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Flaherty, Robinson, and Indeglia, JJ.

O P I N I O N

Justice Goldberg, for the Court. This case came before the Supreme Court on May 2, 

2018, on appeal by the defendant, Bruce Moten (defendant), from a Superior Court judgment of 

conviction on eight counts and from the denial of the defendant’s motion for a new trial. The 

trial justice imposed two consecutive sentences of life imprisonment for murder and for 

discharging a firearm while committing a crime of violence, death resulting; two consecutive

sentences of twenty years to serve for felony assault and discharging a firearm while committing 

a crime of violence; three consecutive sentences of ten years to serve for felony assault, 

discharging a firearm while committing a crime of violence, and conspiracy; and a suspended 

sentence of ten years, with probation, for carrying a pistol without a license. The sentences 

imposed for the two counts of discharging a firearm while committing a crime of violence were 

ordered to be nonparolable.

Before this Court, defendant argues that the trial justice erred by allowing Providence 

Police Detective Theodore Michael to offer a lay opinion regarding the location of a particular 

cell phone at a certain point in time and by denying defendant’s motion for a new trial. For the 

reasons set forth herein, we affirm the judgment of the Superior Court.
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Facts and Travel

The case on appeal arises out of a long-standing feud between two rival gangs that left 

one young man deceased and another man injured from gunshot wounds. The two Providence 

gangs, “Young Niggas in Charge” (YNIC) and its youth affiliate, the “Triple Y,” and a gang

known as the Chad Brown gang, or the “Triple C,” had been embroiled in a grudge match that 

eventually erupted in 2014. Tensions began to rise during the summer of 2014 when Henry 

Lopez (Henry) and Tevin Briggs (Tevin),1 members of YNIC, were at a local car wash and noted 

the presence of Triple C members Kendrick Johnson (Kendrick), Sean, and Tito in the vicinity. 

Upon observing the Triple C members, Tevin began to shoot at the rival gang, striking the car 

wash itself. The following day, at the same car wash, Henry was speaking to his fellow YNIC 

member, Antonio Fortes (Tone), who had driven up in a rented Buick with tinted windows. 

Triple C members Kendrick, Delacey Andrade (Delacey), and Terry Robinson (Terry) also were 

present at the car wash. After Tone departed in the Buick, Henry refused to disclose to Tito, a 

rival Triple C member, the identity of the persons inside Tone’s Buick; the Triple C members 

took off in an unsuccessful pursuit of Tone. 

Some months later, on the morning of October 22, 2014, the defendant, Bruce Moten, 

called his fellow YNIC member Henry and asked him for a ride to the Garrahy Judicial Complex 

so that he could pay some court fines. Henry picked up defendant and Tevin in his black Infiniti,

and the three men drove around smoking marijuana for some time before arriving at the 

courthouse. Prior to entering the courthouse, defendant stashed his 9 mm handgun in Henry’s 

glove compartment, and Tevin hid his .45-caliber handgun in the pouch on the back of Henry’s 

seat. After defendant paid his fines, Henry, defendant, and Tevin went to the courthouse snack 

 

1 We refer to the individuals involved in this case by either their first names or nicknames in 

order to avoid confusion. We do not intend any disrespect by doing so.
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bar, where they encountered Brian and Dizzle, two other YNIC members. Brian and Dizzle told 

Henry, defendant, and Tevin that they “got into a situation” when they were surrounded by 

members of Triple C on the fourth floor of the courthouse. Henry, defendant, and Tevin then left 

the courthouse and drove around for approximately one hour before receiving a phone call from 

Tone that Kendrick was “slipping”2at the PC Mart on the corner of Douglas Avenue and Eaton 

Street in Providence. The defendant suggested that Henry follow Kendrick, who was known to 

drive a Camry, and Henry headed to the PC Mart. When Henry, defendant, and Tevin arrived at 

the PC Mart in Henry’s black Infiniti, they immediately saw Kendrick’s black Camry and 

noticed that Kendrick, Terry, and Delacey were exiting the store. Henry began to tail the black 

Camry as it traveled down Douglas Avenue and onto Fillmore Street, at which point Kendrick’s 

Camry pulled into the parking lot of the Chad Brown housing complex. As soon as Henry 

parked on the side of the road, defendant and Tevin pulled up their hoods, had their guns in the

waistbands of their sweatpants, and exited the vehicle, leaving Henry at the wheel. After hearing 

multiple gunshots, Henry drove to the intersection of Fillmore and Oregon Streets, and defendant 

and Tevin ran to the Infiniti with their guns in their hands. Henry sped off to the home of one of 

his girlfriends, Yahaira Montanez (Yadi).3

A bystander, Charlene Rainey, heard the gunshots as she drove away from a nearby 

Dunkin’ Donuts; she reported the shooting to the Providence police at approximately 11:30 a.m. 

Rainey also saw two young men run by her car, both wearing black hoodies. The police and 

emergency medical personnel arrived at the crime scene to find Terry gunned down and 

 

2 According to Henry’s testimony, “slipping” is a term used to indicate that someone has let his 

or her guard down.

3 Henry was also dating Marilyn Ramos at the same time and had given her a ride to the 

courthouse earlier on the morning of October 22, 2014, where he saw Kendrick’s Camry at the 

courthouse before switching cars and picking up defendant and Tevin.
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deceased4and Delacey injured from a gunshot wound to the buttocks.5 Providence BCI 

detectives recovered 9 mm and .45-caliber cartridge casings and a .45-caliber intact bullet. 

Approximately sixty to ninety minutes after the shooting, the police broadcast a description of 

the car involved in the shooting—a black Infiniti with tinted windows.

Meanwhile, at Yadi’s house, located at 49 Tappan Street in Providence, Henry and Tevin 

asked Yadi to drive the black Infiniti to Courtney Rivers’s (Courtney) home located at 67 Alaska 

Street in Providence.6 As instructed, Yadi and her friend Jennifer Martinez (Jennifer) drove 

Henry’s Infiniti to Courtney’s house, and Courtney and Henry’s brother, Juan, drove Yadi and 

Jennifer back to Tappan Street. When Yadi returned to her home, she found Henry, defendant, 

and Tevin sitting at her kitchen table with their guns on the table, discussing what had just 

transpired. The defendant went into Yadi’s bathroom to wash his hands and asked Yadi for a 

garbage bag. Yadi testified that she saw a gun near the sink and that defendant told her, “It was 

either us or them[,]” and he displayed scars on his stomach. Before leaving Yadi’s house, Henry 

hid the guns belonging to defendant and Tevin in Yadi’s bedroom.

Later that evening, at the apartment building in which both Henry and Tone lived, on 

Cherry Street in Pawtucket, Henry disclosed to Yadi and Jennifer the events surrounding the 

shooting earlier in the day. Henry then joined Tone, Tevin, defendant, Courtney, and Juan inside 

Tone’s apartment. While inside Tone’s apartment, Courtney received a phone call from his 

 

4

The autopsy revealed that Terry had died of a gunshot wound to the head, causing an 

“irreversible devastating head injury,” which in turn led to immediate unconsciousness and

death.

5 Delacey did not require surgery for his injury; however, the bullet causing the injury damaged 

the nerve that controlled his lower leg and foot. He was hospitalized for pain management and 

underwent physical therapy.

6 Courtney Rivers is a friend of Henry Lopez and does not have any gang affiliation.
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landlord that the police had arrived at Courtney’s house and were towing the black Infiniti. 

Henry immediately asked Juan to call their cousin Danny Gomez (Danny), the putative owner of 

the Infiniti, and direct him to retrieve the vehicle from the Providence police station.7 Although 

he initially maintained that he was the owner of the black Infiniti, Danny eventually revealed to 

the Providence police that the car actually belonged to Henry.

Approximately three weeks after the October 22, 2014 shooting, Henry fled to Puerto 

Rico. He returned to Providence for a short period of time before Christmas 2014; but, when he 

was informed that Yadi’s friend Jennifer had appeared before the grand jury, he again departed. 

Henry was eventually apprehended in the Dominican Republic and extradited to Providence.

On April 10, 2015, defendant was indicted in Providence County Superior Court and 

charged with nine felony counts: Count 1—murder, in violation of G.L. 1956 §§ 11-23-1 and 

11-23-2; Count 2—discharging a firearm while committing a crime of violence, death resulting, 

in violation of § 11-47-3.2(b)(3); Count 3—assault with a dangerous weapon, in violation of 

§ 11-5-2 and G.L. 1956 § 12-19-39; Count 4—discharging a firearm while committing a crime 

of violence, injury resulting, in violation of § 11-47-3.2(b)(2); Count 5—assault with a 

dangerous weapon, in violation of §§ 11-5-2 and 12-19-39; Count 6—discharging a firearm 

while committing a crime of violence, in violation of § 11-47-3.2(b)(1); Count 7—conspiracy, in 

violation of § 11-1-6; Count 8—carrying a pistol without a license, in violation of § 11-47-8(a); 

and Count 9—carrying a pistol without a license, in violation of § 11-47-8(a). On the same day, 

Tevin, Henry, and Tone also were indicted on the same nine counts. While Henry was being 

held at the Adult Correctional Institutions, defendant urged him to take the case to trial. Instead, 

 

7 Although Henry owned the black Infiniti and paid the car insurance for the vehicle, the vehicle 

was registered in his cousin Danny Gomez’s name in order to prevent the car from being seized 

by law enforcement if the police caught Henry for selling drugs and to avoid paying the taxes 

that he owed on the vehicle.
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Henry entered into a cooperation agreement with the state, in which he agreed to plead guilty to 

second-degree murder, discharging a firearm while committing a crime of violence, and other 

related charges, in exchange for a fifty-year sentencing cap. Tevin also entered a guilty plea on 

several charges in exchange for the dismissal of the remaining counts. On November 5, 2015, 

superseding indictments were filed against defendant and Tone, charging them with the same 

nine original counts. The defendant and Tone were tried together before a jury in Superior Court 

beginning on October 4, 2016, and the trial spanned ten trial days. 

Yadi testified at trial with respect to the events that occurred on October 22, 2014, the 

day of the shooting. She testified that she did not realize what had happened that morning when 

Henry, Tevin, and defendant were at her home until she watched the news that afternoon and saw 

Henry’s black Infiniti on television described as being connected to a homicide in the Chad 

Brown housing complex. She testified that she told Henry she did not want the guns in her home 

and that he told her “[n]ot to worry about it.” She also testified that, later in the evening, while 

she and Henry were at Henry’s uncle’s house, Henry told her that Tevin and defendant “both had 

guns. They went out the car with guns[,]” and that “they shot somebody.” Despite feeling 

“used” by Henry, Yadi continued to see him over the next year. In fact, she reunited with Henry 

during his second flight attempt in Puerto Rico. Yadi also testified that around the same time, 

during the winter of 2015, she and defendant began to exchange messages on Facebook; and, in 

January 2015, defendant took Yadi out to dinner. Yadi testified that, on one occasion, defendant 

bought her an outfit from Victoria’s Secret and that, when he gave her the outfit, he said,

“Snitches get stitches.” 

Henry also testified at trial with respect to the fatal shooting. He testified that defendant 

and Tevin both exited his black Infiniti with their guns in their waistbands. He also stated that 
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defendant and Tevin both ran back to the Infiniti with their guns in their hands after gunshots had 

been fired. Once defendant and Tevin were back in the Infiniti, according to Henry, defendant 

stated that Tevin was “crazy” “[b]ecause he ran up to the car. He ran up to the car shooting.” He 

further testified that Tevin recounted the details of the shooting once the three men were inside 

Yadi’s house:

“Tevin was telling me that he chased down—he chased down 

Terry Robinson and—but first he said he was shooting at the car, 

and his gun jammed, and said that—that Terry Robinson peeked 

his head out between these cars while his gun jammed. And then I 

guess when Terry Robinson seen him with the gun jammed, he 

took off running and then Tevin unjammed the gun and started 

chasing him, shooting at him.”

Henry also admitted that he fled to Puerto Rico because he “thought [the police were] going to 

come looking for [him].” 

Henry’s testimony was corroborated by a wealth of technical evidence at trial, introduced 

by the state. Surveillance footage depicted Henry, Tevin, and defendant parking and entering the 

Garrahy Complex. Another surveillance video showed Kendrick’s black Camry at PC Mart. A 

video compilation from the Chad Brown area depicted the black Infiniti driving around the 

vicinity of the crime scene, two men walking towards Fillmore Street and then running back 

towards the Infiniti, and the Infiniti speeding down Fillmore Street. 

Henry’s credibility was also enhanced by corroborating cell-site data and cell phone 

records. The state introduced Agent Jennifer Banks, of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 

Cellular Analysis Survey Team (CAST), as an expert witness in historical cell-site analysis. 

Agent Banks testified that she was provided with three sets of cell phone records from three 

different phone companies, and that she then obtained the cell tower listing from those providers 

for the hours between 9 a.m. and noon on October 22, 2014; and, based on this data, she created 
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maps that showed the location of those cell sites used during that particular time frame. The 

various maps that Agent Banks composed as part of her analysis were introduced into evidence

and were presented in conjunction with her testimony at trial. Agent Banks testified that, based 

on her analysis and collected data, the cell phones belonging to Henry, defendant, and Tevin

were all located in the downtown Providence area between 9 and 10 a.m., and then, at 

approximately 10:58 a.m., all three phones indicated movement slightly north to an area east of 

Providence College. She also testified that defendant’s phone moved towards Douglas Avenue

at 11:04 a.m.:

“This phone, as you recall, in the 10:00 to 11:00 hour had moved 

north up east of Providence College, and then at 11:00 a.m. you 

see another registration here up east of Providence College, then 

moves at 11:04 to a tower covering here, near the, you know, near 

Route 7, which I believe is Douglas Street here and Admiral Street, 

that general area, and then moves southeast to this 11:08 

registration here, which covers this western side of the tower. And 

then by 11:31, that phone is using the northeast sector of this 

tower, and then moves back to the 30-degree sector here by 

11:38.”

In addition to collecting data, Agent Banks also conducted a field survey to validate her 

conclusions, in which she drove through all of the streets in the Providence College to downtown 

Providence area in order “to collect what radio frequencies were in that area and which were the 

most dominant towers of coverage.” Based on her research and analysis, Agent Banks 

concluded that defendant’s phone was in or near the area of the shooting at the time in question:

“[PROSECUTOR:] So based on your analysis, would it be 

consistent to say that this phone was in or near the area of 100 

Fillmore Street at this time?

“[BANKS:] Yes. The Fillmore Street address is right on the 

boundary of where there’s dominant and possible coverage.

“* * *
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“[PROSECUTOR:] And based on these two maps you were 

able to create through this drive-test analysis, what was the general 

location of Bruce Moten’s phone during the time period of 11:38 

and 12:00 p.m.?

“[BANKS:] The [defendant’s] phone is using this tower, which 

provides coverage northeast of Providence College to extend to 

these dominant areas.

“* * * 

“[PROSECUTOR:] And would the phone be consistent with being 

in or near the area of 49 Tappan Street on the map?

“[BANKS:] Yeah. That’s one area that this tower provides 

dominant coverage to.

“[PROSECUTOR:] And, again, that would be the AT&T phone, 

where the phone I referred to as Bruce Moten’s phone?

“[BANKS:] Yes.”

The defendant did not object to any portion of Agent Banks’s testimony.8

Detective Theodore Michael, a forensic cell phone examiner with the Providence Police 

Department, also testified as an expert in forensic cell phone analysis. The defendant objected to 

Det. Michael offering an expert opinion in the field of historical cell-site analysis, to which the 

state responded that the testimony on historical cell-site analysis was being offered by Agent 

Banks and that Det. Michael would only testify about the data he physically extracted from the 

various cell phones. The trial justice overruled defendant’s objection and offered a voir dire:

“I’m satisfied that the witness has sufficient qualifications to testify in the mode that the State is 

going to pursue. The objection is overruled. Do you wish to have any voir dire?” The 

 

8 We also note that no Fourth Amendment objection was raised by defendant regarding the 

extraction of historical cell-site data, such that the recent United States Supreme Court opinion in

Carpenter v. United States, No. 16-402, 2018 WL 3073916 (June 22, 2018), has no application 

to the case at bar. 
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defendant declined to question the witness as to his qualifications and offered no objection to any 

portion of Det. Michael’s trial testimony. 

Detective Michael first testified with respect to the call detail records (CDR) of the actors

alleged to be involved in the shooting, which he obtained from their various cell phone carriers. 

He testified generally as to how the cell tower’s identifying information can be used along with a 

list of the provider’s local cell tower locations to determine where the cell tower associated with 

a given call is located. Detective Michael testified that he had extracted the contents of 

defendant’s phone using specialized software, which he then compiled into a report. At the 

outset, Det. Michael testified that there had been a “heavy deletion” of over 3,000 items from 

defendant’s phone. Detective Michael retrieved a photograph of Kendrick, Delacey, and Terry 

from defendant’s phone that had been downloaded from Facebook and later deleted. He also 

testified about certain text messages he retrieved that were between the cell phones belonging to 

defendant and Tone.

The defense proffered the theory that it was actually Courtney, and not defendant, who 

participated in the shooting. Detective Michael testified with respect to the location of 

Courtney’s cell phone at the time of the murder by using historical cell-site information 

contained in Courtney’s call log. Based on his analysis, Det. Michael determined that Courtney 

was not near 100 Fillmore Street during the time of the shooting. The following colloquy 

ensued: 

“[PROSECUTOR:] And going back to Courtney Rivers. Did you 

have the opportunity to examine those records for the date of the 

homicide, October 22, 2014?

“[DET. MICHAEL:] I did.

“[PROSECUTOR:] And were you able to examine those records 

for the time of the homicide at approximately 11:32 a.m.?
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“[DET. MICHAEL:] I did.

“[PROSECUTOR:] And did the call detail records that you had 

for that Courtney Rivers’s phone number include the cell site 

information that’s been discussed in testimony today?

“[DET. MICHAEL:] Yes.

“[PROSECUTOR:] So based on [those] records and the 

information contained therein, were you able to make any 

determination about Courtney River[s]’s location at 11:32 a.m. on 

the day of the homicide?

“[DET. MICHAEL:] Yes. When I had looked at Courtney 

River[s]’s 11:32 a.m. phone call for the tower that I was hitting, I 

observed that it was hitting the School Street in Pawtucket tower.

“[PROSECUTOR:] And then did you also look at some 

communication on Courtney River[s]’s cell phone at 11:37 a.m.?

“[DET. MICHAEL:] I did.

“[PROSECUTOR:] Do you remember what you were able to 

determine from the communication on his phone at that time?

“[DET. MICHAEL:] Yes. That call actually moved from 11:32 to 

11:37, and that was on the Branch and Woodward Road, over near 

the McDonald’s, on the Branch Avenue location.

“[PROSECUTOR:] And are you familiar with Courtney River[s]’s

home address?

“[DET. MICHAEL:] I don’t know the number, but I know the 

street.

“[PROSECUTOR:] What street did he live on at this time?

“[DET. MICHAEL:] Alaska—Alaska Street or Alaska Avenue.

“[PROSECUTOR:] And is that near at all the Woodward Avenue 

location that you just testified to?

“[DET. MICHAEL:] It is.

“[PROSECUTOR:] How close would that be?
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“[DET. MICHAEL:] Within a quarter of a mile.”

On cross-examination, defendant attempted to rebut Det. Michael’s testimony that 

Courtney was not near the crime scene at the time of the shooting:

“[DEFENSE COUNSEL:] [Courtney] was a pretty obvious early 

suspect in the case, right?

“[DET. MICHAEL:] Along with others, yes.

“[DEFENSE COUNSEL:] Because the car was found at his home, 

right?

“[DET. MICHAEL:] Yes.

“[DEFENSE COUNSEL:] And one of the reasons he was 

excluded as a suspect is because you found an 11:32 a.m. 

telephone call that put him out of the area, right?

“[DET. MICHAEL:] That along with other things, yes.

“[DEFENSE COUNSEL:] And you were assuming that he was 

the one who placed that telephone call, right?

“[DET. MICHAEL:] I was.

“[DEFENSE COUNSEL:] You realized that someone else could 

have had his phone, though, right?

“[DET. MICHAEL:] Absolutely.”

The trial proceeded.

At the close of the state’s case, the trial justice granted defendant’s motion for a judgment 

of acquittal on Count 9, carrying a pistol without a license. On October 18, 2016, the jury found 

defendant guilty of the remaining counts pending against him. The defendant moved for a new 

trial on the basis that Henry was the only witness who was able to place defendant at the crime 

scene and that the state had failed to produce any other competent evidence to show that 

defendant was one of the shooters. The trial justice denied defendant’s motion for a new trial 
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and sentenced him to consecutive life sentences on Counts 1 and 2; consecutive terms of twenty 

years to serve on Counts 3 and 4; consecutive terms of ten years to serve on Counts 5, 6, and 7;

and a ten year suspended sentence, with probation, on Count 8. The sentences on Counts 4 and 

6—the two firearms offenses—were ordered to be ineligible for parole. The defendant timely 

appealed.

Standard of Review

“A trial justice’s ruling on the admissibility of an expert witness’s proffered testimony 

‘will be sustained provided the discretion has been soundly and judicially exercised, that is, if it 

has been exercised in the light of reason applied to all the facts and with a view to the rights of 

all the parties to the action * * * and not arbitrarily or willfully, but with just regard to what is 

right and equitable under the circumstances and the law.” Owens v. Silvia, 838 A.2d 881, 890 

(R.I. 2003) (quoting Morra v. Harrop, 791 A.2d 472, 476-77 (R.I. 2002)). Moreover, “[t]he 

purpose of expert testimony is to aid in the search for the truth. It need not be conclusive and has 

no special status in the evidentiary framework of a trial.” Id. at 890 (quoting Morra, 791 A.2d at 

477).

Further, “[w]hen ruling on a motion for a new trial, the trial justice acts as a thirteenth 

juror, exercising ‘independent judgment on the credibility of witnesses and on the weight of the 

evidence.’” State v. Heredia, 10 A.3d 443, 446 (R.I. 2010) (quoting State v. Imbruglia, 913 A.2d 

1022, 1028 (R.I. 2007)). “If, after conducting such a review, the trial justice reaches the same 

conclusion as the jury, the verdict should be affirmed and the motion for a new trial denied.” 

State v. Porter, 179 A.3d 1218, 1231 (R.I. 2018) (quoting State v. Phannavong, 21 A.3d 321, 

324 (R.I. 2011)). The trial justice need set forth only a few sentences summarizing his 

reasoning. State v. Lopez, 129 A.3d 77 (R.I. 2016). “As long as the trial justice has complied 
- 14 -

with this procedure and articulated adequate reasons for denying the motion, his or her decision 

will be given great weight and left undisturbed unless the trial justice overlooked or 

misconceived material evidence or otherwise was clearly wrong.” Porter, 179 A.3d at 1231 

(quoting Phannavong, 21 A.3d at 325). 

Analysis

On appeal, defendant argues that Det. Michael’s testimony that Courtney’s phone was not 

at the Fillmore Street parking lot in Providence at the time of the shooting severely undercut 

defendant’s contention that it was Courtney, and not defendant, who had been one of the 

shooters. The defendant further contends that Det. Michael was neither qualified as an expert in 

historical cell-site analysis nor did he possess the knowledge and training to render a technically 

sound opinion. However, after a thorough examination of the record, we deem defendant’s 

arguments with respect to Det. Michael’s testimony to be waived.

This Court has long adhered to the raise-or-waive rule. See State v. Pona, 66 A.3d 454, 

468 (R.I. 2013). It is this Court’s policy that, “if an issue was not preserved by specific objection

at trial, then it may not be considered on appeal.” Id. (second emphasis added) (quoting State v. 

McManus, 990 A.2d 1229, 1237 (R.I. 2010)). This Court “require[s] a specific objection so that 

the allegation of error can be brought to the attention of the trial justice, who will then have an 

opportunity to rule on it.” Id. 

The defendant failed to raise any objection, whatsoever, to any portion of Det. Michael’s 

testimony. On appeal, defendant takes issue with the portion of Det. Michael’s testimony that 

places Courtney in Pawtucket at the date and time of the shooting:

“[PROSECUTOR:] So based on [those] records and the 

information contained therein, were you able to make any 

determination about Courtney River[s]’s location at 11:32 a.m. on 

the day of the homicide?
- 15 -

“[DET. MICHAEL:] Yes. When I had looked at Courtney 

River[s]’s 11:32 a.m. phone call for the tower that I was hitting, I 

observed that it was hitting the School Street in Pawtucket tower.”

However, defendant may not object to Det. Michael’s testimony at the appellate level when he 

failed to do so in Superior Court. See State v. Bido, 941 A.2d 822, 828-29 (R.I. 2008) (“It is well 

settled that a litigant cannot raise an objection or advance a new theory on appeal if it was not 

raised before the trial court.”).

Clearly, there is nothing in the record before us to suggest that defendant wanted to 

exclude Det. Michael’s testimony at trial. The state suggests that defendant did not object at trial 

because the context of Det. Michael’s testimony was clear and it was understood that he was 

simply testifying with respect to the locations of the various cell phones, not the locations of the 

various actors. Further, defense counsel undercut Det. Michael’s testimony on crossexamination when she implied that it was possible that Courtney could be at one location and his 

cell phone could be at a different location:

“[DEFENSE COUNSEL:] And you were assuming that he was 

the one who placed that telephone call, right?

“[DET. MICHAEL:] I was.

“[DEFENSE COUNSEL:] You realized that someone else could 

have had his phone, though, right?

“[DET. MICHAEL:] Absolutely.”

Although there is nothing to suggest that this cross-examination was not part of defendant’s trial 

strategy, whether defendant intentionally failed to object to Det. Michael’s testimony is of no 

moment to this appeal, because the absence of an objection renders the issue not properly before 

us. The defendant is not entitled to a “do over” simply because he is not satisfied with how his 
- 16 -

trial strategy panned out. Accordingly, we deem this issue waived and need not reach the merits 

of defendant’s claim.

The second issue defendant raises on appeal is his assertion that the trial justice erred in 

denying his motion for a new trial based on the weight of the evidence. The defendant contends 

that he was entitled to a new trial because the only evidence incriminating him as a principal 

shooter came from Henry, who, he alleges, had a motive to lie based upon his plea agreement. It 

is well settled that, when deciding a motion for a new trial based upon the weight of the 

evidence:

“The trial justice must consider, in the exercise of his [or her] 

independent judgment, all the material evidence in the case, in the 

light of his [or her] charge to the jury and pass on its weight and 

the credibility of the witnesses, determine what evidence is 

believable, and, decide whether the verdict rendered by the jury 

responds to the evidence presented and does justice between the 

parties.” McGarry v. Pielech, 47 A.3d 271, 280 (R.I. 2012) 

(quoting Morgera v. Hanover Insurance Co., 655 A.2d 698, 698

(R.I. 1995) (mem.)).

Here, the trial justice summarized in great detail what he described as the credible 

evidence presented in this case. He found Henry’s testimony credible:

“[S]uffice it to say, that from my vantage point, as a frontrow observer, Henry Lopez’s testimony was persuasive, reliable, 

and weighty to convict Bruce Moten of the charges in this 

indictment.

“I am, of course, fully cognizant that Lopez underwent 

severe cross-examination during the course of the trial, and his 

cooperation agreement with the State was fully explored along 

with his criminal record. Nonetheless, his testimony was, in my 

view, very credible, ensnaring Bruce Moten as a co-conspirator as 

well as a principal in these shootings.”

The trial justice also noted the presence of corroborating evidence in the record:

“I need not catalogue or neatly list here all of the other evidence, 

including the wealth of cell phone history, as well as the video 
- 17 -

recordings of the Infiniti and black Camry, which were offered in 

evidence to corroborate Henry Lopez’s testimony.”

In the case at bar, the trial justice carefully performed his duty as a thirteenth juror,

considering all of the material evidence in the record and independently weighing that evidence. 

The trial justice passed upon the credibility of the testimony by Henry and Yadi and found both 

witnesses to be quite credible, a finding to which this Court accords great deference. See State v. 

Giard, 155 A.3d 1193, 1200 (R.I. 2017) (“It is noteworthy that we ‘accord [ ] deference to the 

credibility determinations of the hearing justice,’ * * * because ‘[w]e do not have the same 

vantage point as [him or her], and we are unable to assess the witness’ demeanor, tone of voice, 

and body language.’”) (quoting State v. Jensen, 40 A.3d 771, 778 (R.I. 2012); State v. Woods, 

936 A.2d 195, 198 (R.I. 2007)). He also determined that the verdict rendered by the jury 

responded to the evidence presented and stated:

“These jurors took their responsibilities most seriously, and their 

split verdict, acquitting Antonio Fortes [Tone] while convicting 

Bruce Moten, demonstrates their careful parsing of the evidence 

and their assiduous adherence to the [c]ourt’s instructions to weigh 

the evidence and give each defendant separate attention.

“* * * 

“The verdict convicting Bruce Moten was absolutely a correct one, 

and the motion for new trial is denied.”

The defendant does not advance any other reason or argument why his motion for a new trial 

should have been granted. Discerning no error on the part of the trial justice in this case, we 

conclude that the trial justice properly denied the defendant’s motion for a new trial.

Conclusion

For the reasons set forth herein, we affirm the judgment of the Superior Court. The 

papers may be returned to that tribunal.
STATE OF RHODE ISLAND AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS

SUPREME COURT – CLERK’S OFFICE

OPINION COVER SHEET

Title of Case State v. Bruce Moten.

Case Number No. 2017-158-C.A.

(P1/15-3593AG)

Date Opinion Filed June 26, 2018

Justices Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Flaherty, Robinson, and 

Indeglia, JJ.

Written By Associate Justice Maureen McKenna Goldberg

Source of Appeal Providence County Superior Court

Judicial Officer From Lower Court Associate Justice Robert D. Krause

Attorney(s) on Appeal

For State:

Lauren S. Zurier

Department of Attorney General

For Defendant:

Angela M. Yingling

Office of the Public Defender

SU-CMS-02A (revised June 2016)