# Patent

## Title
Conjoined class-based networking

## Abstract

A data communication network includes two logically distinct class-based networks conjoined by at least one common node that has membership in each of the respective classes of the two logically distinct class-based networks. Optionally, three or more class-based networks may be conjoined to form a data communications network.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
The present application is a U.S. continuation patent application of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, U.S. nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 12/767,561, filed Apr. 26, 2010, which nonprovisional patent application published as U.S. patent application publication no. 2010/0265042, which patent application and any patent application publications thereof are incorporated by reference herein, and which '561 application is a continuation patent application of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, U.S. nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 12/701,451, filed Feb. 5, 2010, which nonprovisional patent application and any patent application publications thereof are hereby incorporated herein by reference, and which '451 application is:

    (a) a U.S. continuation-in-part patent application of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to each of
    
        (i) U.S. nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 12/608,837 filed on 10-29-2009, pending, which patent application and any patent application publication thereof are incorporated by reference herein,
        (ii) U.S. nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 12/609,009 filed on 10-29-2009, pending, which patent application and any patent application publication thereof are incorporated by reference herein, and
        (iii) U.S. nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 12/607,040 filed on 10-27-2009; and
    
    
    (b) a U.S. nonprovisional patent application of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to, U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/150,298, filed Feb. 5, 2009, which provisional patent application is incorporated by reference herein.


Additionally, the present application herein incorporates by reference each of: U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/109,494; U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/109,496; U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/109,500; U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/109,502; and U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/109,505; and each of the following U.S. patent application publications and U.S. patents:












Application No.
Pat. No.
Earliest Publication No.







12/140,253
—
US 2008-0303897 A1


11/930,782
—
US 2008-0212544 A1


11/930,788
—
US 2008-0165749 A1


11/930,797
—
US 2008-0151850 A1


11/930,740
—
US 2008-0150723 A1


11/930,770
—
US 2008-0144554 A1


11/930,785
—
US 2008-0143484 A1


11/930,736
—
US 2008-0143483 A1


11/930,753
—
US 2008-0142592 A1


11/306,765
7,394,361
US 2008-0136624 A1


11/930,749
—
US 2008-0130536 A1


11/930,779
—
US 2008-0129458 A1


11/930,793
—
US 2008-0112378 A1


11/930,761
—
US 2008-0112377 A1


11/930,777
—
US 2008-0111692 A1


11/847,309
—
US 2007-0291724 A1


11/847,295
—
US 2007-0291690 A1


11/832,998
7,378,959
US 2007-0273503 A1


11/832,991
7,378,958
US 2007-0268134 A1


11/832,979
7,378,957
US 2007-0268126 A1


11/610,427
—
US 2007-0159999 A1


11/618,931
—
US 2007-0155327 A1


11/555,173
—
US 2007-0099629 A1


11/555,164
—
US 2007-0099628 A1


11/425,047
—
US 2007-0069885 A1


11/465,466
—
US 2007-0043807 A1


11/465,796
—
US 2007-0041333 A1


11/193,300
7,438,334
US 2007-0024066 A1


11/161,540
7,200,132
US 2007-0004431 A1


11/424,850
—
US 2007-0004331 A1


11/424,849
—
US 2007-0004330 A1


11/161,550
7,430,437
US 2007-0002808 A1


11/428,536
—
US 2007-0002793 A1


11/428,535
—
US 2007-0002792 A1


11/424,847
—
US 2007-0001898 A1


11/423,127
—
US 2006-0289204 A1


11/424,845
—
US 2006-0287822 A1


11/425,040
—
US 2006-0287008 A1


11/422,306
—
US 2006-0282217 A1


11/422,304
—
US 2006-0276963 A1


11/422,321
—
US 2006-0276161 A1


11/422,329
—
US 2006-0274698 A1


11/306,764
7,391,321
US 2006-0237490 A1


11/161,542
—
US 2006-0023679 A1


11/161,539
7,209,468
US 2006-0023678 A1


11/161,545
7,221,668
US 2006-0018274 A1


10/514,336
7,209,771
US 2005-0215280 A1


10/987,964
7,155,264
US 2005-0093703 A1


10/987,884
7,133,704
US 2005-0093702 A1


10/604,032
6,934,540
US 2004-0082296 A1


09/681,282
6,745,027
US 2002-0119770 A1









Each of the foregoing patent application publications and patents is hereby incorporated herein by reference for purposes of disclosure of class-based network (CBN) technology, wake-up (WU) technology, and class-based networks that utilize such technologies (such as those of TeraHop Networks, Inc. of Alpharetta, Ga.), and systems employing such technologies including, inter alia: (1) implementations in the first responder context; (2) implementations in container tracking and monitoring context; and (3) implementations in equipment tracking and monitoring, especially rental construction equipment. It is intended that the CBN and WU technologies, and related features, improvements, and enhancements, as disclosed in these incorporated references may be utilized in combination with various embodiments and implementations of the present invention.
Additionally, patent application Ser. No. 11/460,976, and any publications thereof, including U.S. patent application publication no. US 2008-0315596 published on Dec. 25, 2008, are hereby incorporated herein by reference.


COPYRIGHT STATEMENT
All of the material in this patent document is subject to copyright protection under the copyright laws of the United States and other countries. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in official governmental records but, otherwise, all other copyright rights whatsoever are reserved.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Some conventional systems for tracking and/or monitoring assets (herein generally referred to as “asset tracking systems”) utilize wireless tags that generally respond to any broadcast that is made. The wireless tags usually are passive, and the responses that the passive wireless tags make are often referred to as “chirps.”
More sophisticated conventional asset tracking systems utilize semi-passive wireless tags and/or active wireless tags. A semi-passive wireless tag includes an internal power source for transmitting, and an active wireless tag includes an internal power source for both receiving and transmitting. Semi-passive and active wireless tags generally have greater capabilities than passive wireless tags due to the internal power sources. Of course, power consumption is always a concern when a wireless tag includes an internal power source, since the internal power supply limits the useful life of the wireless tag, after which time maintenance is required (e.g., replacement of the internal power source).
In improved asset tracking systems, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,934,540 and other of the above-incorporated patent applications and patents, a wireless tag responds to a broadcast if the broadcast includes a common designation matching a common designation of the wireless tag. Such a common designation may comprise, for example, an “asset class” associated with the wireless tag. Ad hoc networks further may be created based on such classes, which ad hoc networks are referred to as “class based” networks.
Class based networks (and common designation networks in general) are beneficial because, in such networks, a communication device, such as a wireless tag, generally only transmits a response to a broadcast if the broadcast includes a class (or common designation) that matches a class (or common designation) of that communication device. Indeed, in a communication device employing a wakeup sequence of one or more of the patent references incorporated herein by reference, such communication device does not even process a broadcast once it is determined that the broadcast fails to include a matching class of the communication device. Consequently, the internal power supply of a semi-passive or active communication device is not drained by needless processing and/or responses to broadcasts.
The present invention generally relates to wireless ad-hoc networks. A need exists for improvement in wireless network apparatus, systems, and methods. These, and other needs, are addressed by one or more aspects of the present invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention of the present application generally relates to networks, apparatus, methods and systems for determining the presence of a radio frequency communication device within a wireless data communications network, and especially for determining such presence in an ad hoc wireless data communications network in which at least some wireless data communication devices forming nodes of the network are at least periodically mobile. In this context, the present invention includes many aspects and features. Moreover, while many aspects and features relate to, and are described in, the context of asset tracking systems, the present invention is not limited to use only in asset tracking systems, as will become apparent from the following summaries and detailed descriptions of aspects, features, and one or more embodiments of the present invention. Indeed, the present invention is equally useful in remote sensor networks and the like for remote monitoring, whether such monitoring is the monitoring of assets or otherwise.
In a principal aspect of the invention of the present application, a wireless two-way RF data communication device includes: a memory having stored therein common designations of the wireless two-way RF data communication device; a receiver configured to receive radio frequency transmissions; a transmitter configured to make radio frequency transmissions; and electronic components. The electronic components are arranged and configured such that the wireless two-way RF data communication device receives and processes communications as a function of at least one of the common designations of the wireless two-way RF data communication device being in the communication. The electronic components further are arranged and configured such that each message that is received in a communication associated with a particular common designation of the RF data communication device, and for which the wireless two-way RF data communication device is not the destination recipient but, instead, is an intermediate recipient, is communicated: to another wireless two-way RF data communication device that has the same particular common designation, if such a wireless two-way RF data communication device is available; and if such a wireless two-way RF data communication device is unavailable, to another wireless two-way RF data communication device that has a common designation that is the same as a common designation stored in the memory, if such a wireless two-way RF data communication device is available.
In a feature, the two-way RF data communication device is a wireless transceiver that includes microprocessor capabilities.
In a feature, the two-way RF data communication device is a remote sensor node (RSN).
In a feature, the two-way RF data communication device is a wireless reader tag (WRT).
In a feature, the two-way RF data communication device serves as a wireless tag (WT).
In a feature, the common designations stored in the memory are class designations for use in class-based networks.
In a feature, the electronic components are arranged and configured such that the wireless two-way RF data communication device receives and processes only communications that include at least one of the common designations of the wireless two-way RF data communication device.
In a feature, the electronic components are arranged and configured such that the communications provided, if such a wireless two-way RF data communication device is unavailable, to another wireless two-way RF data communication device that has a common designation that is the same as a common designation stored in the memory (if such a wireless two-way RF data communication device is available) are performed only for predetermined common designations and not for all common designations.
In a feature, the electronic components are arranged and configured such that the wireless two-way RF data communication device selectively operates between at least a first state, in which the communications provided if such a wireless two-way RF data communication device is unavailable, to another wireless two-way RF data communication device that has a common designation that is the same as a common designation stored in the memory (if such a wireless two-way RF data communication device is available) are enabled, and in a second state, in which the communications are disabled.
In another principal aspect of the invention of the present application, a data communications network includes a plurality of wireless two-way radio frequency (RF) data communication devices, each wireless two-way RF data communication device forming a node of the data communications network and each wireless two-way RF data communication device including a memory having stored therein a common designation. Furthermore, at least one of the wireless two-way RF data communication devices further includes a second common designation stored in the memory thereof. The at least one of the wireless two-way RF data communication devices further comprises a receiver configured to receive radio frequency transmissions; a transmitter configured to make radio frequency transmissions, and electronic components. The electronic components are arranged and configured such that the wireless two-way RF data communication device receives and processes communications as a function of at least one of the common designations of the wireless two-way RF data communication device being in the communication. The electronic components are further arranged and configured such that each message that is received in a communication associated with a particular common designation of the RF data communication device, and for which the wireless two-way RF data communication device is not the destination recipient but, instead, is an intermediate recipient, is communicated: to another wireless two-way RF data communication device that has the same particular common designation, if such a wireless two-way RF data communication device is available; and if such a wireless two-way RF data communication device is unavailable, to another wireless two-way RF data communication device that has a common designation that is the same as a common designation stored in the memory, if such a wireless two-way RF data communication device is available.
In a feature, the first and second common designations stored in the memory of the at least one of the wireless two-way RF data communication devices are class designations for use in class-based networking.
In a feature, the electronic components of the at least one of the wireless two-way RF data communication devices are arranged and configured such that the communications provided, if such a wireless two-way RF data communication device is unavailable, to another wireless two-way RF data communication device that has a common designation that is the same as a common designation stored in the memory (if such a wireless two-way RF data communication device is available) are performed only for predetermined common designations and not for all common designations. Moreover, the electronic components of the at least one of the wireless two-way RF data communication devices may be arranged and configured such that the wireless two-way RF data communication device selectively operates between at least a first state, in which the aforementioned provided communications are enabled, and in a second state, in which the aforementioned provided communications are disabled.
In a feature, each node of the data communications network comprises a wireless radio-frequency data communication device having a transmitter and a receiver that collectively receive and transmit information wirelessly.
In a feature, each wireless two-way RF data communication device comprises a standards-based data packet radio component that includes both said receiver and said transmitter of the respective wireless two-way RF data communication device.
In a feature, the information is wirelessly communicated in data packets in the data communications network.
In a feature, a plurality of the wireless two-way RF data communication devices are respectively attached to assets for monitoring and tracking of the asset.
In a feature, a plurality of the wireless two-way RF data communication devices are permanently affixed to a structure for monitoring and/or tracking assets that come within a proximity thereto.
In a feature, a plurality of the wireless two-way RF data communication devices each comprises a wireless transceiver that includes microprocessor capabilities.
In another principal aspect of the invention of the present application, and with respect to the context of a data network comprising a plurality of wireless two-way radio frequency (RF) data communication devices, each wireless two-way RF data communication device forming a node of the data communications network, a method of communicating a message from an originating node to a destination node by way of intermediate nodes includes the steps of: maintaining multiple class designations in memory of a particular one of the wireless two-way radio frequency (RF) data communication devices forming a node of the network; and for each message that is received by the particular wireless two-way radio frequency (RF) data communication device in a communication associated with a common designation of the particular wireless two-way radio frequency (RF) data communication device, and for which the particular wireless two-way RF data communication device is an intermediate node with respect to the message, forwarding the message: (a) to another node of the network that has the same particular common designation associated with the message, if such another node is available; and (b) if such another node is unavailable, to another node that has a common designation that is the same as a common designation stored in the memory of the particular wireless two-way radio frequency (RF) data communication device, if such a node is available.
In a feature, the particular wireless two-way radio frequency (RF) data communication device receives and processes communications as a function of at least one of the common designations of the particular wireless two-way RF data communication device being in the communication.
In a feature, the first and second common designations stored in the memory of the particular wireless two-way RF data communication device are class designations for use in class-based networking, the particular wireless two-way RF data communication device conjoining at least two logically distinct class-based networks.
In a feature, communicating the message to another node that has a common designation that is the same as a common designation stored in the memory of the particular wireless two-way radio frequency (RF) data communication device, but that is not the same as the common designation associated with the communication of the message that is received, is performed only for predetermined common designations and not for all common designations.
In a feature, the method further includes switching between at least two states of operation by the particular wireless two-way RF data communication device, wherein said step (b)(ii) is not performed in the second state. The switching may be in response to a command that is received by the particular wireless two-way RF data communication device in a wireless communication; in response to a sensed condition; may be performed at predetermined times; or any combination of the foregoing
Another principal aspect of the invention of the present application comprises a conjoined common designation network and may be a class-based network.
Another principal aspect of the invention of the present application comprises a method for conjoined common designation networks, such as class-based networks.
Another principal aspect of the invention of the present application comprises a data communication network comprising at least two logically distinct class-based networks conjoined by at least one common node that has membership in each of the respective classes of the two logically distinct class-based networks.
Additional features of the foregoing principle aspects also are set forth elsewhere herein. In addition to the aforementioned aspects and features of the present invention, it should be noted that the present invention further encompasses the various possible combinations and subcombinations of such aspects and features.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
One or more preferred embodiments of the present invention now will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the same elements are referred to with the same reference numerals, and wherein,
FIGS. 1-4 illustrate a first plurality of remote sensor nodes and a gateway; and
FIGS. 5-8 illustrate a second plurality of remote sensor nodes and a gateway.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
As a preliminary matter, it will readily be understood by one having ordinary skill in the relevant art (“Ordinary Artisan”) that the present invention has broad utility and application. Furthermore, any embodiment discussed and identified as being “preferred” is considered to be part of a best mode contemplated for carrying out the present invention. Other embodiments also may be discussed for additional illustrative purposes in providing a full and enabling disclosure of the present invention. Moreover, many embodiments, such as adaptations, variations, modifications, and equivalent arrangements, will be implicitly disclosed by the embodiments described herein and fall within the scope of the present invention.
Accordingly, while the present invention is described herein in detail in relation to one or more embodiments, it is to be understood that this disclosure is illustrative and exemplary of the present invention, and is made merely for the purposes of providing a full and enabling disclosure of the present invention. The detailed disclosure herein of one or more embodiments is not intended, nor is to be construed, to limit the scope of patent protection afforded the present invention, which scope is to be defined by the claims and the equivalents thereof. It is not intended that the scope of patent protection afforded the present invention be defined by reading into any claim a limitation found herein that does not explicitly appear in the claim itself.
Thus, for example, any sequence(s) and/or temporal order of steps of various processes or methods that are described herein are illustrative and not restrictive. Accordingly, it should be understood that, although steps of various processes or methods may be shown and described as being in a sequence or temporal order, the steps of any such processes or methods are not limited to being carried out in any particular sequence or order, absent an indication otherwise. Indeed, the steps in such processes or methods generally may be carried out in various different sequences and orders while still falling within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the scope of patent protection afforded the present invention is to be defined by the appended claims rather than the description set forth herein.
Additionally, it is important to note that each term used herein refers to that which the Ordinary Artisan would understand such term to mean based on the contextual use of such term herein. To the extent that the meaning of a term used herein—as understood by the Ordinary Artisan based on the contextual use of such term—differs in any way from any particular dictionary definition of such term, it is intended that the meaning of the term as understood by the Ordinary Artisan should prevail.
Furthermore, it is important to note that, as used herein, “a” and “an” each generally denotes “at least one,” but does not exclude a plurality unless the contextual use dictates otherwise. Thus, reference to “a picnic basket having an apple” describes “a picnic basket having at least one apple” as well as “a picnic basket having apples.” In contrast, reference to “a picnic basket having a single apple” describes “a picnic basket having only one apple.”
When used herein to join a list of items, “or” denotes “at least one of the items,” but does not exclude a plurality of items of the list. Thus, reference to “a picnic basket having cheese or crackers” describes “a picnic basket having cheese without crackers”, “a picnic basket having crackers without cheese”, and “a picnic basket having both cheese and crackers.” Finally, when used herein to join a list of items, “and” denotes “all of the items of the list.” Thus, reference to “a picnic basket having cheese and crackers” describes “a picnic basket having cheese, wherein the picnic basket further has crackers,” as well as describes “a picnic basket having crackers, wherein the picnic basket further has cheese.”
Referring now to the drawings, one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention are next described. The following description of one or more preferred embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its implementations, or uses.
FIG. 1 illustrates a data communications network in accordance with one of many different preferred embodiments of the present invention. The network includes a gateway and a plurality of wireless data communication devices comprising remote sensor nodes (sometimes referred to, and hereinafter, “RSN”, “RSN” or simply “node”).
RSNs 111,113,115,117 are shown in FIGS. 1-4 together with a gateway 119. As illustrated, each RSN 111,113,115,117 lies within a transmission range (represented by the dashed circles in the figures) of each immediately adjacent RSN; RSN 117 lies within a transmission range of the gateway 119; and gateway 119 lies within a transmission range of RSN 117. The RSNs 111,113,115,117 are configured for class-based communications, and the classes of the RSNs 111,113,115,117 are illustrated in these FIGS. 1-4. Specifically, RSN 111 is a member of class “A”; RSN 113 is a member of class “A” and class “B”; RSN 115 is a member of class “A” and “C”; RSN 117 is a member of class “A” and class “D”. Additionally, in this example, none of these classes “A”, “B”, “C” or “D” is deemed to be a subset or superset of any of the other classes. The gateway 119 preferably is configured to communicate with any members of these classes.
In accordance with a first class-based networking protocol, as more fully described for example in incorporated U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,745,027; 6,934,540; 7,200,132; 7,209,468; and 7,221,668, the RSNs 111,113,115,117 are configured to form class-based networks based on class memberships. As will be appreciated, because all of the RSNs 111,113,115,117 are members of the same class “A”, these RSNs form a class “A” communications network by which RSN 111 communicates with the gateway 119 by hopping a message along RSNs 113,115,117, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, with RSN 117 communicating the message originated by RSN 11 to the gateway 119, as shown in FIG. 4. In this sequence of communications, each RSN 111,113,115,117 makes a respective class “A” transmission 112,114,116,118, as represented in FIGS. 1-4.
In contrast to the class-based networking illustrated in FIGS. 1-4, a different networking protocol is now described with reference to FIGS. 5-8. In these figures, RSNs 211,213,215,217 are shown in FIGS. 5-8 together with a gateway 219. Each RSN 211,213,215,217 lies within a transmission range (represented by the dashed circles in the figures) of each immediately adjacent RSN; RSN 217 lies within a transmission range of the gateway 219; and gateway 219 lies within a transmission range of RSN 217. The classes of the RSNs 211,213,215,217 are illustrated in FIGS. 17-20. Specifically, RSN 211 is a member of class “B”; RSN 213 is a member of class “A” and class “B”; RSN 215 is a member of class “A” and “C”; RSN 217 is a member of class “C” and class “D”. Additionally, in this example, none of these classes is deemed to be a subset or super set of any of the other classes, and the gateway 219 preferably is configured to communicate with any members of these classes.
In accordance with a the networking protocol illustrated in FIGS. 5-8, the RSNs 211,213,215,217 are configured to form networks comprising separate and distinct class-based networks that are conjoined by RSNs that are members of more than one of the classes. In this respect, the RSNs that are members of more than one class (i.e., RSNs 213,215,217) communicate class-based messages of a particular class via class-based networks of a different class, in which the RSN is a member, when class-based communications within the class of the incoming transmission are unavailable. These RSNs having multiple memberships thereby serve as communications bridges between—and that conjoin—otherwise logically distinct class-based communication networks. Such a network is referred to herein as a “Conjoined Class-Based Network” and such type of networking protocol is referred to herein as “Conjoined Class-Based Networking”.
Specifically, RSN 211 communicates a message by making a class “B” transmission 212, which is received and processed by RSN 213, which also is a member of class “B”. RSN 213, however, is unable to further communicate the message within a class “B” network, as no other intermediate RSN of class “B” is within transmission range for communicating with the gateway 219. Nevertheless, RSN 213 is a member of class “A” and therefore communicates the message by making a class “A” transmission 214, which is received and processed by RSN 215, which also is a member of class “A”. RSN 215 is unable to further communicate the message within a class “A” network, as no other intermediate RSN of class “A” is within transmission range for communicating with the gateway 219. Nevertheless, RSN 215 is a member of class “C” and therefore communicates the message by making a class “C” transmission 216, which is received and processed by RSN 217, which also is a member of class “C”. RSN 215, which is within transmission range with gateway 219, then communicates the message to gateway 219 by making a class “C” transmission 218 as shown in FIG. 8.
As will be appreciated, by utilizing a network comprised of distinct and separate class-based networks joined by common RSNs having membership in two or more of the classes, RSN 111 is able to send a message to the gateway 119 (and on to an external network if applicable via the gateway 119) when class “B” networking to the gateway 119 is unavailable.
The message may be any message, such as a check-in message, a message communicating an alert, or a message responding to an inquiry. Additionally, the networking may include deterministic or nondeterministic networking, as set forth in incorporated USPA Publ. No. 2007/0002792.
In variations, each RSN may be configured in a first state in which such conjoined class-based networking is enabled; in a second state in which such conjoined class-based networking is disabled; and may be configurable between the two states based on detection of a condition, based on receipt of a command, based on predetermined times, or any of the foregoing. Moreover, an RSN may be configured for conjoined class-based networking for certain classes, but not for all classes, whereby excluded class-based networks do not participate in the conjoined class-based networks.
Also, as will be appreciated, in conjoined class-based networking, class commonality or class continuity is required only for each hop between RSNs, and not for every RSN along the pathway from the originating RSN to the gateway (or similarly to a destination RSN if the message is not intended for communication to or through a gateway).
Based on the foregoing description, it will be readily understood by those persons skilled in the art that the present invention is susceptible of broad utility and application. Many embodiments and adaptations of the present invention other than those specifically described herein, as well as many variations, modifications, and equivalent arrangements, will be apparent from or reasonably suggested by the present invention and the foregoing descriptions thereof, without departing from the substance or scope of the present invention.
Accordingly, while the present invention has been described herein in detail in relation to one or more preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that this disclosure is only illustrative and exemplary of the present invention and is made merely for the purpose of providing a full and enabling disclosure of the invention. The foregoing disclosure is not intended to be construed to limit the present invention or otherwise exclude any such other embodiments, adaptations, variations, modifications or equivalent arrangements, the present invention being limited only by the claims appended hereto and the equivalents thereof.
In such a wireless network, another aspect of the invention includes a method of maintaining, by a first node, information regarding communications links between nodes in the wireless network. The method includes the steps of: (a) for each communications link that is established with another node, recording an identification of the other node; and (b) for each message received by the first node from the other node through the communications link with the other node, recording a network pathway by which the message has been sent in the wireless network, the network pathway identifying the nodes and the communications links therebetween in the wireless network by which the message has been sent.
In a feature of this aspect, the method further includes recording, in association with the identification of the other node, data indicative of a link quality between the first node and the other node.
In a feature of this aspect, the method further includes recording, for each message received by the first node from the other node through the communications link with the other node, data indicative of a link quality between each communications link in the network pathway by which the message has been sent.
In a feature of this aspect, the method further includes recording, in association with the identification of the other node, data indicative of class designations of the other node.
In a feature of this aspect, the method further includes recording, for each message received by the first node from the other node through the communications link with the other node, data indicative of class designations of each node in the communications links in the network pathway by which the message has been sent.
In a feature of this aspect, the method further includes recording, for each message received by the first node from the other node through the communications link with the other node, data generally indicative of the time at which the message has been sent via the network pathway.
In a feature of this aspect, the method further includes recording, for each message received by the first node from the other node through the communications link with the other node, a network pathway to a destination node by which the message is being sent if such network pathway to the destination node is identified with the message.
In a feature of this aspect, the method further includes communicating, by the first node, the message to a subsequent node in the wireless network if the message is intended for receipt by a node other than the first node, including the steps of: determining whether one or more network pathways are known by the first node from the first node to the destination node of the message; communicating with just a single node within the communications range of the first node if a single network pathway to the destination node is known by the first node, the single node being the node identified next in the single network pathway after the first node, including sending, to the single node, the message, the single network pathway, and the link quality between the first node and the other node from which the message was received by the first node; and (c) if more than one network pathway to the destination node is known by the first node, then determining a preferred network pathway from the known network pathways in accordance with an algorithm, and communicating with just a single node within the communications range of the first node, the single node being the node identified next in the preferred network pathway after the first node, including sending, to the single node, the message, the preferred network pathway and the link quality between the first node and the other node from which the message was received by the first node; and (d) if no network pathway to the destination node is known by the first node, then communicating with one or more nodes within the communications range of the first node, including sending, the message and the link quality between the first node and the other node from which the message was received by the first node. Determining whether one or more network pathways are known by the first node from the first node to the destination node of the message may include searching the maintained information for a network pathway from the first node to the destination node, and the maintained information that is searched may include any network pathway to the destination node that is identified with the message.
In features of this aspect, determining a preferred network pathway from the known network pathways in accordance with an algorithm includes comparing the general times at which messages were sent via the network pathways; comparing the number of hops between nodes in the known network pathways; and/or comparing the overall link quality of the known network pathways.
In such a wireless network, another aspect of the invention includes a method of maintaining information regarding communications links between nodes in the wireless network includes recording, by a server, for each message that is received by the server from the wireless network, a network pathway by which the message has been sent in the wireless network, the network pathway identifying the nodes and the communications links therebetween in the wireless network by which the message has been sent.
In a feature of this aspect, the method further includes recording, in association with the identification of the nodes and the communications links therebetween in the wireless network by which the message has been sent, data indicative of a link quality for each communications link.
In a feature of this aspect, the method further includes recording, in association with each network pathway by which the message has been sent, data indicative of overall link quality for the network pathway.
In a feature of this aspect, the method further includes recording, in association with each network pathway by which the message has been sent, data generally indicative of the time at which the message was sent via the network pathway.
In a feature of this aspect, the method further includes: (a) determining, based on the maintained information, a network pathway for communicating a message to a destination node of the wireless network, and (b) communicating the message to a gateway node of the wireless network together with the determined network pathway to the destination node.
In a feature of this aspect, the method further includes distributing, to one or more nodes of the wireless network, information regarding communications links based on the information maintained by said server.
In a feature of this aspect, the method further includes distributing, to one or more nodes of the wireless network, information regarding network pathways based on the information maintained by said server.
In additional feature of the foregoing aspects, a message may be communicated between nodes utilizing transmission control protocol (TCP), and messages may be communicated between nodes of the wireless network via data packets.
In addition to the foregoing methods in accordance with aspects the invention, other aspects of the invention relate to wireless networks that utilize such methods and, in particular, such wireless networks that are ad hoc wireless networks. The wireless networks furthermore may comprise class-based wireless network that may be utilized for monitoring and/or tracking assets.
In features of these aspects, a node of the wireless network may be a data communications device and include, for example, a standards based radio such as a Bluetooth radio. The node may further includes a wireless receiver for powering up the standards based radio upon receipt of a broadcast that is intended for the standards based radio. The second wireless receiver further may perform a stepped wake-up sequence of the standards based radio. The standards based radio further may include a sensor interface whereby data is acquired by the data communications device from an associated sensor, and the wireless network may comprise a remote sensor interface (RSI) network.

## Claims

1. A method for maintaining information regarding communication links between a plurality of nodes in a wireless network, the method implemented by a first node comprising:
for each communication link that is established with another node, recording an identification of the other node;
for each message received by the first node from the other node via the communication link with the other node, recording a network pathway by which the message was communicated in the wireless network and a link quality between the other node and the first node;
communicating the message to a destination node in the wireless network if the message is intended for receipt by the destination node, the communicating of the message by the first node including:
determining whether one or more network pathways from the first node to the destination node are known by the first node;
determining a preferred network pathway from the known network pathways based at least in part on the link quality associated with each of the one or more known network pathways; and
communicating the message to the destination node via the preferred network pathway in the wireless network.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein if there is no known network pathway from the first node to the destination node, the method further comprising:
communicating with the plurality of nodes within communication range of the first node to determine a network pathway to the destination node.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining the preferred network pathway from the known network pathways, based at least in part on the link quality, comprises determining the preferred network pathway based on an overall link quality of each of the one or more network pathways.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein said determining the preferred network pathway from the known network pathways comprises comparing the overall link quality of the known network pathways.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining whether the one or more network pathways from the first node to the destination node are known by the first node, includes searching the maintained information for a network pathway from the first node to the destination node.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the maintained information that is searched includes any network pathway to the destination node that is identified with the message.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining the preferred network pathway from the known network pathways further includes comparing a number of hops between the nodes in the known network pathways.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising recording, for each message received by the first node from the other node via the communication link, data generally indicative of a time at which each of the messages was communicated via the network pathway.

9. A wireless communication device operating as a node for communication in a wireless network comprising a plurality of nodes, the wireless communication device comprising:
a receiver configured to receive radio frequency transmissions;
a transmitter configured to transmit radio frequency transmissions;
a memory configured to maintain information regarding communication links between the plurality of nodes in the wireless network;
electronic components of the wireless communication device configured to:
for each communication link that is established with another node, record an identification of the other node;
for each message received by the receiver from the other node via the communication link with the other node, record a network pathway by which the message was communicated in the wireless network and a link quality between the other node and the node;
communicate the message, using the transmitter, to a destination node in the wireless network if the message is intended for receipt by the destination node, the communication of the message including to:
determine whether one or more network pathways from the node to the destination node are known by the node;
determine a preferred network pathway from the known network pathways, based at least in part on the link quality associated with each of the one or more known network pathways; and
transmit the message, using the transmitter, to the destination node via the preferred network pathway.

10. The wireless communication device of claim 9, wherein if there is no known network pathway from the node to the destination node, the electronic components are configured to:
communicate with the plurality of nodes within communication range of the node to determine a network pathway to the destination node.

11. The wireless communication device of claim 9, wherein the determination of the preferred network pathway from the known network pathways, based at least in part on the link quality, comprises a determination of the preferred network pathway based on an overall link quality of each of the one or more network pathways.

12. The wireless communication device of claim 11, wherein the determination of the preferred network pathway from the known network pathways comprises a comparison of the overall link quality of the known network pathways.

13. The wireless communication device of claim 9, wherein the determination of whether the one or more network pathways from the node to the destination node are known by the node, includes a search of the maintained information for a network pathway from the node to the destination node.

14. The wireless communication device of claim 13, wherein the maintained information that is searched includes any network pathway to the destination node that is identified with the message.

15. The wireless communication device of claim 9, wherein the determination of a preferred network pathway from the known network pathways further includes a comparison of a number of hops between nodes in the known network pathways.

16. The wireless communication device of claim 9, wherein the electronic components are configured to record, for each message received by the node from the other node via the communication link, data generally indicative of a time at which each of the messages was communicated via the network pathway.

17. A wireless communication system comprising:
a plurality of nodes configured for communication in the wireless communication system;
a node of the plurality of nodes configured to maintain information regarding communication links between the plurality of nodes in the wireless communication system, the node configured to:
for each communication link that is established with another node, record an identification of the other node;
for each message received from the other node via the communication link with the other node, record a network pathway by which the message has been communicated in the wireless network and a link quality between the other node and the node; and
communicate the message to a destination node in the wireless network if the message is intended for receipt by the destination node, the communication of the message initiating the node to:
determine whether one or more network pathways from the node to the destination node are known by the node;
determine a preferred network pathway from the known network pathways based at least in part on the link quality associated with each of the one or more known network pathways; and
communicate the message to the destination node via the preferred network pathway.

18. The wireless communication system of claim 17, wherein the determination of the preferred network pathway from the known network pathways, based at least in part on the link quality, comprises a determination of the preferred network pathway based on an overall link quality of each of the one or more network pathways.

19. The wireless communication system of claim 18, wherein the determination of the preferred network pathway from the known network pathways comprises a comparison of the overall link quality of the known network pathways.

20. The wireless communication system of claim 17, wherein the determination of a preferred network pathway from the known network pathways further includes a comparison of a number of hops between nodes in the known network pathways.