# Patent

## Title
Electrical induction motor with reconfigured rotor mounted commutators for receiving an armature current from a stator mounted brush component along with a reversing gear arrangement for driving a pair of opposite gear rings

## Abstract

An induction motor or generator assembly for converting either of an electrical input or rotating work input to a mechanical/rotating work or electrical output. An outer annular arrayed component is rotatable in a first direction and includes a plurality of magnets arranged in a circumferentially extending and inwardly facing fashion according to a first perimeter array, the outer component further incorporating a rotating shaft projecting from a central location. An inner concentrically arrayed and reverse rotating component exhibits a plurality of outwardly facing and circumferentially spaced array of coil-subassemblies opposing the magnetic elements, such that a gap separates the coil-subassemblies from the magnets. The coil sub-assemblies each include a plurality of concentrically arrayed coils configured within a platform support of the inner component. A fixed commutator has a plurality of annular extending and individually insulated segments, a similar plurality of outer rotating brushes in continuous contact with the commutator segments.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This Application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 61/932,656 filed on Jan. 28, 2014, the contents of which is incorporated herein in its entirety.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to electrical generators and motors and, more specifically, AC induction generator and motor assemblies for converting an electrical input to a rotating work output. More specifically, the present invention discloses an electrical induction generator or motor exhibiting redesigned stator and rotor components which are reconfigured as outer and inner annular components constructed to rotate in opposite directions during operation and for optimizing work output of the rotating shaft, this further including the integration of a gearbox and gear assembly incorporating oppositely driven rotor and stator supported gears according to any rotating speed ratio, this in order to increase work output (i.e. either enhanced rotation of the shaft in an electric motor mode or increased current output in an electric generator mode).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In electricity generation, an electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. A generator forces electric current to flow through an external circuit. As is further known, the source of mechanical energy may be a reciprocating or turbine steam engine, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an internal combustion engine, a wind turbine, a hand crank, compressed air, or any other source of mechanical energy. In practical applications, generators provide nearly all of the power for electric power grids.
As is further known, the reverse conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done by an electric motor, and motors and generators have many similarities. Many motors can be mechanically driven to generate electricity and frequently make acceptable generators.
Electrical generators and motors (such as of the AC induction or DC variety) typically include an outer stator (or stationary component) which is usually shaped as a hollow cylinder containing copper wires which are wound or otherwise configured within the inner facing wall. In a motor configured application, electricity flowing into selected pairs of coils configured within the stator (a three phase motor typically includes three individual pairs of coils which are arranged in opposing and partially circumferentially offsetting fashion) results in rotation of an interiorly positioned rotor component.
The rotor is usually shaped as a solid cylinder that sits inside the stator (with a defined air gap between the outer cylindrical surface of the rotor and the inner cylindrical surface of the stator) with an output shaft extending from an axial centerline of the rotor. The rotor further includes a series of highly conductive elements (such as aluminum rods) embedded within its outer surface.
In an electric motor driving application, a separate current is fed to the rods via a commutator which is a mechanism used to switch the input of certain AC and DC machines and which usually includes a plurality of slip ring segments insulated from each other and from the rotor shaft. An armature current is supplied through a plurality of brushes (these typically being arranged in a stationary fashion in the prior art) and which are arranged in contact with the rotor supported and revolving commutator, this causing a required current reversal for applying power to the motor in an optimal manner as the rotator rotates from pole to pole (it being noted that the absence of such current reversal would result in the motor braking to a stop).
The stator simulates motion by switching applied current in an overlapping fashion (via the partially overlapping and circumferentially offset sets of coils integrated into the stator inner cylindrical wall). As is further known, the magnetic force created in the stator by energizing the wires or coils is opposed by the armature current supplied rods embedded within the rotor, such that the force of the magnetic field generated in the stator in the multi-phase (staged) fashion results in the driving the current in the rotor supported rods (and therefore the rods and rotor as well) at a right angle to the magnetic field induced, thereby rotating the magnetically suspended (air gap supported) rotor and output shaft at a desired speed without the necessity of any moving components.
In this fashion, magnetic fields are formed in both the rotor and the stator, with the product of these giving rise to the force generated driving torque applied to the (typically inner concentrically supported) rotor. As is further understood, one or both of these magnetic fields (as explained further by Faraday's Law and associated Lorentz Forces Law) must be made to change with the rotation of the motor, such as accomplished by switching the poles on and off at the correct time intervals or by varying the strengths of the poles.
Additional variations of more recent AC electric motors further include either synchronous or asynchronous motors (this again being based upon the speed of rotation of the magnetically generated field under Faraday's Law). In particular, a synchronous electric motor is an AC motor distinguished by a rotor spinning with coils passing magnets at the same rate as the AC and resulting magnetic field which drives it (i.e. exhibiting zero slip under typical operating conditions). In contrast, induction style motors must slip to produce torque and which operate under the principle of inducting electricity into the rotor by magnetic induction (as opposed to by direct electrical connection).
Additional known features include a commutator which is defined as a mechanism used to switch the input of certain AC and DC machines and consisting of slip ring segments insulated from each other and from the electric motor's shaft. In this application, the motor's armature current is supplied through an arrangement of stationary brushes in contact with the (typically) revolving commutator, which causes the required current reversal and applies power to the machine in an optimal manner as the rotor rotates from pole to pole.
Building upon the above explanation, and in an alternate generator application, the rotary shaft is again the input of the rotation by means of an outside work source and, upon being rotated, the configuration of the above-described coils passes by the magnets to create an electrical charge (or field) that becomes the output power variable. An induction generator or asynchronous generator is a type of AC electrical generator that uses the principles of induction motors to produce power.
Induction generators operate by mechanically turning their rotor faster than the synchronous speed, giving negative slip. A regular AC asynchronous motor usually can be used as a generator, without any internal modifications. Induction generators are useful in applications such as mini-hydro power plants, wind turbines, or in reducing high-pressure gas streams to lower pressure, because they can recover energy with relatively simple controls. To operate an induction generator must be excited with a leading voltage; this is usually done by connection to an electrical grid, or sometimes they are self-excited by using phase correcting capacitors.
Other known generator applications include a dynamo which is an electrical generator that produces direct current with the use of a commutator. Dynamos were the first electrical generators capable of delivering power for industry, and the foundation upon which many other later electric-power conversion devices were based, including the electric motor, the alternating-current alternator, and the rotary converter.
Features associated with the commutator include it comprising the moving part of a rotary electrical switch in certain types of electric motors or electrical generators that periodically reverses the current direction between the rotor and the external circuit. Commutators typically have two or more softer (fixed) metallic brushes in contact with them to complete the other half of the switch. In a motor, it applies power to the best location on the rotor, and in a generator, picks off power similarly. As a switch, it has exceptionally long life, considering the number of circuit makes and breaks that occur in normal operation.
Expanding on the above explanation, and as is further known, a commutator consists of a set of copper segments, fixed around the part of the circumference of the rotating machine, or the rotor, and a set of spring loaded brushes fixed to the stationary frame of the machine. Two (or more) fixed brushes connect to the external circuit, either a source of current for a motor or a load for a generator.
Each conducting segment on the armature of the commutator is insulated from adjacent segments through the use of an appropriate material. Many other insulating materials are used to insulate smaller machines; plastics allow quick manufacture of an insulator, for example. In other applications, the segments are held onto the shaft using a dovetail shape on the edges or underside of each segment, using insulating wedges around the perimeter of each commutation segment.
As is further known in the art, a commutator is also a common feature of direct current rotating machines. By reversing the current direction in the moving coil of a motor's armature, a steady rotating force (torque) is produced. Similarly, in a generator, reversing of the coil's connection to the external circuit provides unidirectional (i.e. direct) current to the external circuit.
Without a commutator, a dynamo becomes an alternator, which is a synchronous singly fed generator. Alternators produce alternating current with a frequency that is based on the rotational speed of the rotor and the number of magnetic poles.
Automotive alternators produce a varying frequency that changes with engine speed, which is then converted by a rectifier to DC. By comparison, alternators used to feed an electic power grid are generally operated at a speed very close to a specific frequency, for the benefit of AC devices that regulate their speed and performance based on grid frequency. When attached to a larger electric grid with other alternators, an alternator will dynamically interact with the frequency already present on the grid, and operate at a speed that matches the grid frequency.
Typical alternators use a rotating field winding excited with direct current, and a stationary (stator) winding that produces alternating current. Since the rotor field only requires a tiny fraction of the power generated by the machine, the brushes for the field contact can be relatively small. In the case of a brushless exciter, no brushes are used at all and the rotor shaft carries rectifiers to excite the main field winding.
The armature component of the device must carry current so it is always a conductor or a conductive coil which is oriented normal to both the field and to the direction of motion, torque (rotating machine), or force (linear machine). The armature's role is twofold, the first being to carry current crossing the field, thus creating shaft torque in a rotating machine or force in a linear machine (e.g. motor mode), the second role being to generate an electromotive force (EMF).
In the armature, an electromotive force is created by the relative motion of the armature and the field. When the machine acts in the motor mode, this EMF opposes the armature current, and the armature converts electrical power to mechanical torque, and power, unless the machine is stalled, and transfers it to the load via the shaft.
When the machine acts in the generator mode, the armature EMF drives the armature current, and shaft mechanical power is converted to electrical power and transferred to the load. In an induction generator, these distinctions are blurred, since the generated power is drawn from the stator, which would normally be considered the field.
Applications of electro-magnetic motor and generator assemblies in the patent art include the permanent magnet motor generator set of Strube, US 2010/0013335, which teaches a method of utilizing unbalanced non-equilibrium magnetic fields to induce a rotational motion in a rotor, the rotor moves with respect to the armature and stator. A three tier device (armature, rotor, and stator) has the armature and stator being fixed in position with the rotor allowed to move freely between the armature and stator.
To induce a rotational motion, the rotor, in its concave side uses unbalanced non-equilibrium magnetic fields created by having multiple magnets held in a fixed position by ferritic or like materials to act upon the magnets imbedded in the armature. The rotor, in its convex side has additional unbalanced non-equilibrium magnets and additional pole pair magnets to create a magnetic flux that moves with the moving fixed position fields to cut across closely bonded coils of wire in the stator to induce a voltage and current that is used to generate electrical power. Multiple permanent magnets of varying strength are geometrically positioned in multiple groups to produce a motive power in a single direction with the remainder of the unbalanced magnetic flux positioned and being used to cut across the coils of wire to produce continuous electric power.
Hasegawa, US 2014/0197709, teaches an assembly conducting wire for a rotary electric machine winding which includes a plurality of bundled wires, these being twisted in a circumferential direction, with the wires being welded together at a predetermined distance. US 2007/0096580, to Ketteler, teaches a stator for a three phase current electric machine such as for motor vehicles and which consists of a winding support having grooves and teeth. The windings are arranged in the grooves and the winding support consists of a plurality of identical segments which, after being wound, are shaped into a circular ring. The segments are then inserted into a cylindrical housing and, with their windings, form the cylindrical stator.
Liao, U.S. Pat. No. 7,965,011, teaches a brushless DC motor structure with a constant ratio of multiple rotor poles to slots of the stator and which is characterized primarily by forming the stator of the motor by multiple ferromagnetic silicon steel sheets, where the ferromagnetic silicon steel sheets are provided with the multiple slots whose number is a multiple of 15, and the stator of the motor is formed by windings of the three phases, X, Y, and Z. Each phase includes 2 to 4 phase portions and each group has 5 slots. The rotor of the motor is made up of a plurality of arced magnets which are fixed orderly and equally along a ferromagnetic steel ring, and the radial direction of each arced magnet is opposite to that of the adjacent magnetic poles. An arced magnet represents a magnetic pole, and the number of the magnetic poles is a multiple of 14 or 16, such as for reducing the cogging torque of the motor.
WO 2012/017302, to Kamper/Stellenbosch University, teaches an electrical energy conversion system which is particularly suited for use in wind energy conversion systems. A pair of magnetically separated permanent magnet machines are linked by a freely rotating rotor housing permanent magnets. The first machine is typically a synchronous generator, and the second an induction generator. The synchronous generator has a stationary stator which is connectable to an electrical system such as an electricity grid, and the induction generator has a rotor which is connectable to a mechanical drive system such as a wind turbine.
Kamper, US 2013/0214541, teaches an electrical energy conversion system which is particularly suited for use in wind energy conversion systems. The system includes two magnetically separated permanent magnet machines linked by a freely rotating rotor housing permanent magnets. The first machine is typically a synchronous generator, and the second an induction generator. The synchronous generator has a stationary stator which is connectable to an electrical system such as an electricity grid, and the induction generator has a rotor which is connectable to a mechanical drive system such as, for example, a wind turbine.
Prucher, U.S. Pat. No. 8,247,943 teaches a radial gap motor/generator having a thin annular array of magnets mounted for rotation to a stator in a radially spaced relation to at least one thin annular induction structure fixed to a stationary stator may be air or liquid cooled. The motor has at least radial gap between a magnetic core and the array and may include multiple gaps and multiple annular induction structures to increase the overall power density of the system.
An example of a planetary geared motor and dynamo is shown in Mizushima, U.S. Pat. No. 8,084,912, and which includes provision of planetary gear dynamo for reducing inverse torque when the functioning in a generator mode. Palfai, 2013/0237361, teaches a planetary gear assembly including a ring gear configured for connection to a rotor of an electric motor when in a first position and configured for connection to a housing of the electric motor when in a second position. A sun gear is configured for connection to the housing when the ring gear is in the first position and configured for connection to the rotor when the ring gear is in the second position. A plurality of planet gears are configured to mesh with the ring gear and the sun gear.
Also referenced are the brush holder clip to commutator assemblies shown in each of Southall, U.S. Pat. No. 5,159,222 and Coles U.S. Pat. No. 5,631,513. Coles specifically teaches a brush holder clip and connector for motors and generators provided in the form of an integral V-shaped spring steel member having an electrical connector extending one of the legs thereof and opposite an apex of the clip and connector. The housing containing the commutator has a slot therein through which the brush holder passes. The V-shaped clip and connector is inserted into the slot and wedged between the brush holder and an edge of the slot. The clip and connector is electrically conductive and communicative with the brush holder and is adapted for mating interconnection with a wire or other conductor.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, while drawing from much the existing theory and teachings surrounding electrical motor and generator type conversion assemblies, in particular teaches an AC induction motor assembly for converting an electrical input to a mechanical or rotating work output. A related generator variant converts a rotating work input to a converted electrical output utilizing the same efficiencies achieved by the present design.
An outer annular arrayed component is rotatable in a first direction and an inner annular and concentrically arrayed component rotatable in a second opposite direction, the components being separated by an air gap. The outer component exhibits an annular end surface supporting a plurality of magnetic elements in a circumferentially extending and first inwardly facing perimeter array, the outer component having a rotatable shaft.
The inner component exhibits an outer facing end surface opposing the inwardly facing magnets of the outer component and exhibiting a circumferentially array established by an outwardly facing plurality of coil sub-assemblies according to a second perimeter array. The coil sub-assemblies each include a plurality of coils arranged about a platform support associated with an exterior facing circumferential location of said inner component. The coil subassemblies each further exhibit a two stage configuration with an outer closed loop profile and an inner looped and intersecting profile.
A fixed commutator has a plurality of annular extending and individually insulated segments arranged in a stacked and annularly outwardly stepped manner. A similar plurality of brushes being established in underside biased and continuous contacting fashion with the commutator segments.
The assembly operates in a first variant such that a current supplied to the components creates at least opposing magnetic fields in a desired phased or shifting manner resulting in relative rotation between the components and further resulting in a rotating work output delivered to the shaft. The assembly operates in a second variant such that a rotating work input supplied to the shaft creates at least opposing magnetic fields between the annular components for creating an electrical current output through the commutator to brush interface.
Additional features include a gear assembly having a first gear ring rotatably supported upon the shaft and a second gear ring supporting the inner coil component, a plurality of reversing gears converting a rotation of the outer component to a counter rotation of the inner concentric component. At least one of the reversing gears exhibits a tiered arrangement of first and second pluralities of teeth for varying a turning ratio of the coil supporting component relative to the rotor driving component.
Other features include a spring biasing each of the brushes to maintain a continuous contact profile with the commutator segments. The outer annular component further includes a lower housing and the inner annular component an upper housing, such that the shaft associated with the outer component extends through a central through aperture associated with the inner component and fixed housing support structure for affixing the commutator segments.
Yet additional features include each of the individual winding coils further exhibiting a plurality of wires wound or braided together. At least one of the individually braided wires may further have a larger gauge as compared to one or more additional wire.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Reference will now be made to the attached drawings, when read in combination with the following detailed description, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective of the electrical generator or motor with the upper housing removed according to a non-limiting embodiment of the invention and which exhibits a plurality of circumferentially arranged and inwardly facing magnets associated with a shaft supporting and rotating component, in combination with an inner concentrically arranged and opposing array of individual coil sub-assemblies which are likewise arranged in plural and circumferential fashion about an inner coaxial rotating component which is driven in a direction opposite the outer rotating component, the generator or motor device further depicting an inner coaxial component supported and rotatable brush housing established in continual contact with a fixed interior array of stacked and annular stepped commutator segments for facilitating either of a rotating shaft work output motor configuration or a rotating shaft input with electrical current output generator configuration of the overall assembly in either motor or generator operational modes and with increased efficiency;
FIG. 2 is an assembly cutaway of either of the electric induction motor or generator and better illustrating the arrangement of the outer and inner coaxial and counter rotating components, gearing and annular offset and stacked commutator segments in contact with the surrounding and rotationally supported brush components associated with the present inventions;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are each perspective views of variants of the gear subassemblies, each exhibiting oppositely driven magnet and coil supported gears arranged, in the instance of FIG. 3, in a standard 1:1 rotating ration and, in the instance of FIG. 4, according to any varying (increasing or reducing) teethed arrangement, such as associated with the reversing gears to establish an accelerated or decelerated ratio (such as without limitation up to 5:1 as established by stacked sub-portions of teeth associated with a subset number of reversing gears interposed between the rings and in respective engagement with either the magnet gear or directly driven reversing gears), and between the magnet and coil supported turning components and in order to increase work output (i.e. either enhanced rotation of the shaft in an electric motor mode or increased current output via the brush contacting armature in an electric generator mode);
FIG. 5 is an enlarged and further rotated perspective cutaway similar to FIG. 2, and further depicting the brush housing in a further rotated and cutaway position exhibiting a selected, spring loaded and upwardly biasing brush contacting an underside ledge surface of a selected one of the stacked and annular stepped projecting commutator segments, this in order maintain continuous sliding contact during rotation of the brush, including at higher speeds relative to the stationary commutator segments; and
FIG. 6 is a perspective of the inner rotating component and gearbox housing and exhibiting individual multi-wire coils arranged in a plural circumferentially arrayed and non-limiting two stage configuration, the coil arrangements being supported in annularly outward arrayed fashion within exposed seating locations configured within insulating portions supported upon the outer annular face of the coil supporting component and, with the removal of the circumferential array of magnets associated with the outer coaxial rotating component, better illustrating the potential variations in coil geometry and braiding patterns associated with the inner concentrically arranged and opposing array of coil sub-assemblies, this further enhancing the performance characteristics of the assembly in either of motor or generator modes of operation.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As previously described, the present invention relates generally to electrical generators and motors and, more specifically, discloses AC induction generator or motor assemblies for converting into an electrical output a rotating work input applied to a shaft (generator mode) or, alternatively, converting an electrical input applied to the coils and magnets to a rotating work output (motor mode). More specifically, the present invention discloses an electrical induction generator or motor exhibiting redesign stator and rotor components for optimizing either electrical output (generator) of the rotating input applied to the rotor shaft (generator) or, alternately, work output of the rotating shaft resulting from electrical (current) input.
Given the above background description, the present invention discloses an improved arrangement of induction style AC generators or electric motors, in which an outer coaxial and inner facing circumferential array of magnets is incorporated into a redesigned rotor and which is opposed by an inner coaxially positioned and outwardly facing circumferential array of multi-wire wound/braided coil subassemblies respectively incorporated into a redesigned stator. The redesigned aspects of the stator and rotor, in combination with the unique and novel aspects of the individually winding/braiding patterns of the multi-wire coil subassemblies (such as which are arranged in a two-stage driving fashion as best depicted in FIG. 6), results in either improved electrical generator output resulting from the configuration of the coils passing by the magnets, combined with the gearbox driving configurations described herein, so as to create an electrical charge or, in the alternate electrical motor variant, provides for an optimal work output of the rotor shaft in response to a given electrical input (to the two stage coils and counter rotating magnets) necessary for generating the opposing magnetic fields in the coaxially arrayed components supporting the coils and magnets in opposing and counter rotating fashion.
Additional novel aspects of the present inventions include the incorporation of first and second variations of a gear and gearbox assembly incorporating a driving magnet supporting ring and a counter driven and coil supporting ring, these working in synergy with the counter driving and current generating magnetic fields established between the coils and magnets. In a first variant, a set of standard reversing gears are provided for establishing an essentially 1:1 counter rotating ratio between the gear teeth of the magnet and coil rings.
In a second variant, one or more of the reversing gears can include varying teethed patterns (such as which are arranged stacked or tiered fashion between the respective teeth arrays of the magnet and coil rings) and which enable the coil supporting gear ring to be driven at other accelerating or decelerating ratios of up to 5:1 relative to the magnet supporting gear ring. A plurality of four reversing gears are supported in contacting fashion between the magnet and coil supporting rings (with again one or more of the reversing gears potentially exhibiting stacked gear sub-portions of varying configurations of offset ratio defining teeth and which are adjustable relative the magnet and coil supporting rings for counter rotating the coil supporting ring in a desired accelerating or decelerating fashion). In this manner, the effect of the gearbox assembly is to increase either the work output of the shaft in a motor configuration or the current generating and electrical output delivery capability of the armature in the generator configuration, this by assisting in the counter rotation of a coil segment supported and inner coaxial supporting component (traditionally the rotor) relative to the counter rotated and outer coaxial magnet supported component (traditionally the stator).
With reference to the above description, and referring initially to the cutaway assembly views of FIGS. 2 and 5, an AC induction electric generator or motor is generally shown at 10 in cutaway fashion (and with each figure depicting both common and varied components of the common assembly in first and second perspective representations). A housing for the assembly includes a reconfigured rotor component, which is exhibited by a circular shaped base 12 with an annular extending end wall 14. A rotatable power output shaft 16 extends upwardly from a center location of the base 12 and, in operation, interfaces with any type of work output component not limited to a gear associated with either a mechanical output or, alternately, any other rotating work input in an electrical generator output mode (such as not limited to a hydro, solar or wind powered input.
A plurality of magnets 18, 20, 22, et. seq. (see as also shown in FIG. 1) are arranged in circumferential and inwardly facing fashion about the inner annular surface of the outer end wall 14 according to a first perimeter array. Aside from a three dimensional and pseudo-rectangular shape as best depicted in the illustrations, it is further understood that the magnets can be configured in any other shape or profile and can be provided with any variable of magnetic force or field configuration resulting from electrical current input.
Referencing again FIGS. 2 and 5, a redesign of the (traditionally) stator component includes an interior supported and generally annular shaped structure 24 this being configured in an inner concentric extending arrangement relative to the outer concentric positioned (and inwardly facing) magnets 18, 20, 22 et seq. supported upon the outer wall 14 of the rotor. As best shown in FIG. 2 when viewed in combination with FIG. 6, a plurality of individual coil subassemblies are shown (twelve in the illustrated embodiment) arranged in circumferentially arrayed fashion about the annular coil supporting structure 24. The material construction of the inner and outer counter rotating components can include any metallic or other material, such as which can further include any suitable insulating components for ensuring localization of generated magnetic fields in the desired and intended fashion (e.g. commutator, armature brushes, etc.).
Referring again to FIG. 6, the coils can be (without limitation) arranged in a two stage configuration, this facilitating the work output generating in either the generator or motor modes and by virtue of assisting in enhanced magnetic field (and consequent) counter rotating generating capabilities in application with the outer rotary magnet supporting component. As shown, a support platform associated with each of the coil subassemblies, such as generally referenced at 26, 28, 30, et seq. in FIG. 6, exhibits (without limitation) a generally three dimensional overall shape which is constructed of an insulating material (see for example as further depicted at 32 as to coil subassembly 26) and which is configured for seating a plurality (such as three shown) of concentrically arranged coils according to a second and outwardly facing perimeter array.
Referring still to FIG. 6, selected coil sub-assembly 26, according to the non-limiting variant shown, exhibits a two stage configuration which is exhibited by an outer dual batwing closed loop profile 34 arrayed in combination with an inner diamond closed loop profile 36. Upper and lower pairs of overlap locations established between the individual outer 34 and inner 36 profiles are further shown at 38 and 40.
One aspect of the present invention contemplates each individual coil (e.g. as previously shown in concentrically arrayed fashion at 26, 28 and 30) exhibiting any multi-wire braiding or winding pattern, the number of wires, configuration of the windings and the like being further understood to contribute to the creation of a desired magnetic field produced profile in the stator-like inner rotatable and wire supporting component which, in combination with the fixed or variable fields generated in the outer concentrically arranged magnets 18, 20, 22 et seq., contributes to the driving of the inner concentric component 24 and counter rotating driving of the outer component magnet supporting component, again at 12 and 14 with shaft 16, in a maximum efficient manner.
Without limitation, pluralities of three, five or other wire configurations can be provided for each wound or braided coil, with the gauge or diameter of any one or more given wires being larger than for associated inter-braided wires. It is also contemplated that the individual coils can be wired together in any other combination beyond that shown and it is also envisioned that any arrangement of coils can be combined into a single or multiple coil pattern or any other pattern of coil windings in order to establish a desired interacting current generated magnetic field in concert with the opposing fields associated with the magnets 18, 20, 22 et seq.
Such alternate coil winding patterns can include the individual two stage coil subassemblies patterned in any of inner to outer, outer to inner, and inner to outer integrated patterns. As further stated, the coils can be wired separately around the inner concentric component 24 or in any other combination such as previously indicated. It is also envisioned that the coils can be wired in other multiple (such as three) stage fashion for optimizing the counter magnetic field rotating aspects of both the outer concentric magnet supporting component and the inner coil supporting component.
As best shown again in FIGS. 2 and 5, a stationary component of an outer housing of the assembly includes an upper and annular outwardly extending top surface 42 (FIGS. 2 and 4) which communicates with an intermediate outer annular and curved location 44 and which further terminates in an outermost annular rim 46 exhibiting a downward defined rim edge 48 arranged in close and upwardly spaced proximity to an upper rim edge 50 associated with annular end wall 14 of the outer magnetic supporting wall 14. Also shown are heat dissipation slots (see inner perimeter edge defining walls 52) formed in the top 42 along with any other configuration of tab, slot or bracket to facilitate mounting of the housing. Housing portions 42, 44 and 46 are understood to be stationary relative to 12 and 24 which, as will be further described, counter rotate relative to one another.
As further previously described, the present assembly design differs from the prior art in that the coil supporting (traditionally stator) component, as again depicted by annular structure 24 with supported coil winding patterns 26, 28, 30 et seq., is configured to rotate in a counter or opposite direction to the rotational direction of the magnetically supported outer coaxial housing with annular configured end wall 14, and according to a desired separation (or air gap) between counter-revolving components. The material construction of the various stator and rotor components can include any metallic or other material, such as which can further include any suitable insulating components for ensuring localization of generated magnetic fields in the desired and intended fashion (e.g. commutator, armature brushes, etc.).
With reference to each of FIGS. 3 and 4, a pair of sectional perspectives are provided of first and second variants of a gear assemblies which are integrated along with a supporting gearbox into the assembly (see also cutaway perspectives of FIGS. 2 and 4). In either variant, a pair of lower coil component supporting ring 54 and upper magnet component supporting ring 56 are provided. Each of the rings exhibits a specified shape, such that the lower ring 54 having an annular projecting base edge from which an exterior toothed array 58 projects. The upper ring 56 likewise exhibits an exterior toothed array 60.
As further shown, the lower ring 54 exhibits a larger diameter than the upper spaced ring 56 although the ring and supporting gearbox configurations can be modified in any fashion desired to reverse the sizing of the rings or to make them equal to one another. As further shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the lower ring 54 is seated within a generally “U” shaped trough defined in an annular structural portion, see at 62, which is seated within the open interior of the assembly a spaced distance from the bottom interior surface 63 established by the magnet supporting component 12. An upper and outer most annular projecting ledge 64 is mounted.
As further shown, the upper magnet component supporting ring 56 exhibits a hex or other polygonal keyed inner aperture defining surface (see at 68) such that, and upon being affixed to a similarly exteriorly keyed circumferential extending ledge surface 70 projecting from an intermediate exterior location of the rotor 16 (this structure establishing a gearbox supporting trunk portion for the magnet supported ring 56 which is integrally configured into the rotor 16). As further again shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of four reversing gears 72, 74, 76 and 78 are shown and which can include a first pair 74 and 78 in meshing contact with the upper magnet ring 56 and a further pair 72 and 76 in meshing contact with both the first pair 74 and 78 and the lower coil ring 54.
As further shown, the indicated pair of rings 72 and 76 includes an extended upper support sleeve in order to vertically displace the pair of rings 72 and 76 to establish the desired inter-engaging profile. As further again shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the circumferential spaced array of reversing gears 72-78 are rotatably supported to an underside of a lower fixed and stationary structural portion 80 and which, in combination with a sandwiching upper structural portion 82, engage to a bottom of the upper fixed housing annular portion 42 and define stationary supporting structure for both the rotating reversing gears and the fixed commutator segments as will be discussed below. As further clearly shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the reversing gears 72-78 are supported in extending fashion within the open interior of the trough of the coil support portion 62 and so that they are capable of converting a first rotating direction of the magnet supported ring 56 (see clockwise arrow 84) with a counter rotating direction (see counterclockwise arrow 86) of the coil supporting ring 54 seated within the open trough interior of the annular structural portion 62 of the coil supporting structure.
In the instance of FIG. 4, the gearing ratio, typically 1:1 in FIG. 3, can be modified by varying (increasing or reducing) the teethed arrangement associated with a reconfigured set of reversing gears 88, 90, 92 and 94, and in order to establish an accelerating or decelerating ratio (such as up to 5:1), between the magnet and coil supported turning components and in order to increase work output (i.e. either enhanced rotation of the shaft in an electric motor mode or increased current output via the brush contacting armature in an electric generator mode). As shown, a first pair 90 and 94 of the reversing gears are arranged in meshing engaging with the upper magnet component supporting ring 56 and so that the keyed rotation of the shaft 16 causes the pair 90 and 94 of gears to in turn counter rotate a meshing second pair of gears 88 and 92 (similar to the arrangement described in FIG. 3).
As further shown in FIG. 4, the second selected pair of gears 88 and 92 can further exhibit (as depicted by reversing gear 88 best shown) stacked or tiered teethed portions such that a first portion 88′ exhibiting a first selected number of teeth in rotary fashion is engaged to the teeth 60 of the upper magnet supported ring 56. A lower second portion 88′′ of the selected gear further exhibits either a greater or lesser number of teeth, in comparison to the tooth array of the upper portion 88′. The lower portion 88′′ engages the lower coil component supporting ring 54 and, by virtue of the variation in teething ratios of the portions 88′ and 88′′, causes the lower coil ring 54 to rotate in either of an accelerated or decelerated fashion relative to the rotary turning speed of the magnet ring 56.
Without limitation, any gearing ratio can be integrated into the respective meshing interfaces established between the array of reversing gears and their respective relationships with each of the magnet and coil rings. It is also envisioned that any other number of reversing gears, down to one, can be employed in other variants of the assembly. It is additionally envisioned that other counter-rotating structure can be incorporated into the interface between the magnet and coil rings, this also contemplating other direct drive structure for establishing a fixed or varying turning ration between the rings in synchronicity with the rotating forces associated with the current generated magnetic fields in the magnets and coils.
With reference to the preceding background description regarding conventional brush and commutator arrangements, the present invention incorporates a plurality of commutator segments, see at 96, 98 and 100, which are anchored to the exterior surface of the stacked structural (stationary) components 80 and 82 defining a channeled interior, see also inner annular surface 102, within which the rotor shaft 16 turns. Consistent with prior descriptions, the individual commutator segments are arranged individual annular recessed pockets defined in a suitable insulating material portions 101, 102, 104 and 106 and so as to be insulated from each other as well as the inner concentrically arranged and rotating shaft.
Contrasting the prior art descriptions, the commutator segments 96, 98 and 100 are stationary during counter rotation of the outer and 14 inner 24 concentric components in the present description. As further clearly shown, the individually insulated commutator segments are further constructed such that they increase in diameter in stacked fashion from the lowermost (smallest) segment 100 to the uppermost (largest) segment 96. In this fashion, each segment exhibits an underside extending ledge surface (see further at 108, 110 and 112 for segments 96, 98 and 100 respectively).
A brush housing 114 is provided and exhibits a three dimensional and interiorly configured body which is anchored upon an upper surface of the ledge 64 associated with the annular portion 62 of the coil supporting component, such that the housing 114 rotates along with the coil ring 54 in the counterclockwise manner (86) illustrated. As further best shown in FIG. 5, a selected brush 116 with an inner facing contact surface 118 is provided in contact with selected commutator segment 98 (in particular its underside facing ledge surface 110). For purposes of ease of illustration, only a single one of the contact brushes is shown in FIG. 5 and it is understood that an additional number of similarly configured brushes are integrated into the brush housing 114 in a manner in which they contact surface locations of the other commutator segments 96 and 100 in a similar manner.
A spring 120 is further shown in the cutaway of FIG. 5 and is mounted within a pocket defined in the brush housing such that an inner end seats against a bottom abutment 122, a corresponding upper end of the of the spring 120 abutting the underside 110 of the ledge extending segment 98. In this fashion, centrifugal generated forces resulting from higher speed rotations of the brush housing, assist in maintaining a continuous contact profile between the brush and commutator segments and so as to deliver a consistent armature current in either a work input (motor) or electrical output (generator) mode.
The individual wiring arrangements of the coils, in combination with the fixed commutator and rotating outer brush, are engineered to maximize the generation and application of magnetic fields in coils, these interfacing with the opposing magnetic field profile generated by the magnetic elements 18, 20, 22 et seq. in order to generate the driving forces explained in the previous analysis and in order to maximize the driving efficiency of the outer annular supported rotor component relative to the inner and counter rotating coil supporting component in an electric motor application. In the alternate generator application, the efficiencies released by the braiding of the multiple wire armature coil subassemblies results in both enhanced electromagnetic induction generated (EMF) forces resulting from the reversing fields created between the stator and rotor, along with superior collection of the electrical charge created between the coil subassemblies and magnets, further again as a result of the external powered rotating shaft, and which are delivered via the continuous contact profile maintained between the fixed commutator segments 96, 98 and 100 and their corresponding and underside spring biased contacting brushes.
Without limitation, the novel aspects of the magnetic generator or motor configurations depicted herein include but are not limited to the individual coil winding patterns (such as again which can include any plurality of individually braided wires of similar or varying gauge not limited to examples of the three, five or other pluralities of inter-braided wiring patterns). Furthermore, the concentric and counter-driving arrangement of the inner coaxial coil supporting ring and outer coaxial magnetic component supporting ring is further understood to contribute, along with the coil winding geometries, to the efficiency of the AC magnetic induction motor or generator arrangements.
Notably, the present invention contemplates the driving magnetic gear ring 56 and counter rotated and driven coil gear ring 54 operating in synchronicity with the magnetic fields generated between the coils and magnets in order to enhance the work output established by either the rotating shaft 16 in a motor variant or the current output delivered through an armature (not shown) associated with the brush housing in a generator variant. In this manner, the physical rotation work output or electrical current generating capabilities of the assembly can be increased (up to double) in certain variants. It is also understood and envisioned that other reconfigurations of the outer and inner coaxially arrayed components are contemplated and which will retain or enhance the efficiency of the design.
Having described my invention, other and additional preferred embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which it pertains, and without deviating from the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. An electromagnet assembly for operating in either of a rotating work or electrical output mode, comprising:
an outer annular arrayed component rotatable in a first direction and an inner annular and concentrically arrayed component rotatable in a second opposite direction, said components separated by an air gap;
said outer component exhibiting an annular end surface supporting a plurality of magnetic elements in a circumferentially extending array, said outer component having a rotatable shaft;
a gear assembly having:
a first gear ring including a plurality of teeth disposed on an outer annular surface and said first gear ring is rotatably coupled to said rotatable shaft,
a second gear ring including a plurality of teeth disposed on an outer annular surface and said second gear ring supports said inner component,
one or more pairs of reversing gears including a first reversing gear and a second reversing gear wherein:
said first reversing gear comprises an extended support sleeve about which a portion of said extended support sleeve comprises a plurality of outward facing teeth,
said second reversing gear comprises an extended support sleeve about which a portion of said extended support sleeve comprises a plurality of outward facing teeth,
said plurality of outward facing teeth of said first reversing gear inter-engage said plurality of teeth disposed on an outer annular surface of said second gear ring and said plurality of outward facing teeth of said second reversing gear, and
said plurality of outward facing teeth of said second reversing gear inter-engage said plurality of teeth disposed on an outer annular surface of said first gear ring and said plurality of outward facing teeth of said first reversing gear such that said first gear ring counter-rotates with respect to said second gear ring;


said inner component exhibiting an outer facing end surface opposing said outer component and exhibiting a circumferentially array of at least one coil sub-assembly;
said coil sub-assemblies each including a plurality of coils arranged about a platform support associated with an exterior facing circumferential location of said inner component;
a fixed commutator having a plurality of annular extending and individually insulated segments arranged in a stacked and annularly outwardly stepped manner, a similar plurality of brushes established in underside biased and continuous contacting fashion with said commutator segments;
said assembly operating in a first variant such that a current supplied to said components creating at least opposing magnetic fields in a desired phased or shifting manner resulting in relative rotation between said components resulting in a rotating work output delivered to said shaft; and
said assembly operating in a second variant such that a rotating work input supplied to said shaft creating at least opposing magnetic fields between said annular components for creating an electrical current output through at least one of said coil subassemblies or commutator to brush interface.

2. The invention as described in claim 1, further comprising at least one of said reversing gears exhibiting a tiered arrangement of first and second pluralities of teeth for varying a turning ratio of the coil supporting component relative to the rotor driving component.

3. The invention as described in claim 2, further comprising a spring biasing each of said brushes to maintain a continuous contact profile with said commutator segments.

4. The invention as described in claim 1, said outer annular component further comprising a lower housing and said inner annular component an upper housing, said shaft associated with said outer component extending through a central through aperture associated with said inner component and fixed housing support structure for affixing said commutator segments.

5. The invention as described in claim 1, each of said coils further comprising a plurality of wires wound or braided together.

6. The invention as described in claim 5, at least one of said wires having a larger gauge as compared to one or more additional wire.

7. The invention as described in claim 1, said coil subassemblies each further comprising a two stage configuration with an outer closed loop profile and an inner looped and intersecting profile.

8. An electromagnet assembly for operating in either of a rotating work or electrical output mode, comprising:
an outer annular arrayed component rotatable in a first direction and an inner annular and concentrically arrayed component rotatable in a second opposite direction, said components separated by an air gap;
said outer component exhibiting an annular end surface supporting a plurality of magnetic elements in a circumferentially extending array, said outer component having a rotatable shaft;
a gear assembly having:
a first gear ring including a plurality of teeth disposed on an outer annular surface and said first gear ring is rotatably coupled to said rotatable shaft,
a second gear ring including a plurality of teeth disposed on an outer annular surface and said second gear ring supports said inner component,
one or more pairs of reversing gears including a first reversing gear and a second reversing gear wherein:
said first reversing gear comprises an extended support sleeve about which a portion of said extended support sleeve comprises a plurality of outward facing teeth,
said second reversing gear comprises an extended support sleeve about which a portion of said extended support sleeve comprises a plurality of outward facing teeth,
at least one of said first reversing gear and said second reversing gear exhibit a tiered arrangement such that a first tier having said plurality of outward facing teeth includes a greater or less number of teeth than a second tier of said plurality of outward facing teeth for varying a turning ratio of said first gear ring relative to the second gear ring,
said plurality of outward facing teeth of said first reversing gear inter-engage said plurality of teeth disposed on an outer annular surface of said second gear ring and said plurality of outward facing teeth of said second reversing gear, and
said plurality of outward facing teeth of said second reversing gear inter-engage said plurality of teeth disposed on an outer annular surface of said first gear ring and said plurality of outward facing teeth of said first reversing gear such that said first gear ring counter-rotates with respect to said second gear ring;


said inner component exhibiting an outer facing end surface opposing said outer component and exhibiting a circumferentially array of at least one coil sub-assembly;
said coil sub-assemblies each including a plurality of coils arranged about a platform support associated with an exterior facing circumferential location of said inner component, said coil subassemblies each further including a two stage configuration with an outer closed loop profile and an inner looped and intersecting profile;
a fixed commutator having a plurality of annular extending and individually insulated segments arranged in a stacked and annularly outwardly stepped manner, a similar plurality of brushes established in underside biased and continuous contacting fashion with said commutator segments;
said assembly operating in a first variant such that a current supplied to said components creating at least opposing magnetic fields in a desired phased or shifting manner resulting in relative rotation between said components resulting in a rotating work output delivered to said shaft; and
said assembly operating in a second variant such that a rotating work input supplied to said shaft creating at least opposing magnetic fields between said annular components for creating an electrical current output through at least one of said coil subassemblies or commutator to brush interface.

9. The invention as described in claim 8, further comprising a spring biasing each of said brushes to maintain a continuous contact profile with said commutator segments.

10. The invention as described in claim 8, said outer annular component further comprising a lower housing and said inner annular component an upper housing, said shaft associated with said outer component extending through a central through aperture associated with said inner component and fixed housing support structure for affixing said commutator segments.

11. The invention as described in claim 8, each of said coils further comprising a plurality of wires wound or braided together.

12. The invention as described in claim 11, at least one of said wires having a larger gauge as compared to one or more additional wire.

13. An electric generator, comprising:
an outer annular arrayed component rotatable in a first direction and an inner annular and concentrically arrayed component rotatable in a second opposite direction, said components separated by an air gap;
said outer component exhibiting an annular end surface supporting a plurality of magnetic elements in a circumferentially extending array, said outer component having a rotatable shaft;
a gear assembly having:
a first gear ring including a plurality of teeth disposed on an outer annular surface and said first gear ring is rotatably coupled to said rotatable shaft,
a second gear ring including a plurality of teeth disposed on an outer annular surface and said second gear ring supports said inner component,
one or more pairs of reversing gears including a first reversing gear and a second reversing gear wherein:
said first reversing gear comprises an extended support sleeve about which a portion of said extended support sleeve comprises a plurality of outward facing teeth,
said second reversing gear comprises an extended support sleeve about which a portion of said extended support sleeve comprises a plurality of outward facing teeth,
said plurality of outward facing teeth of said first reversing gear inter-engage said plurality of teeth disposed on an outer annular surface of said second gear ring and said plurality of outward facing teeth of said second reversing gear, and
said plurality of outward facing teeth of said second reversing gear inter-engage said plurality of teeth disposed on an outer annular surface of said first gear ring and said plurality of outward facing teeth of said first reversing gear such that said first gear ring counter-rotates with respect to said second gear ring;


said inner component exhibiting an outer facing end surface opposing said outer component and exhibiting a circumferentially array of at least one coil sub-assembly;
said coil sub-assemblies each including a plurality of coils arranged about a platform support associated with an exterior facing circumferential location of said inner component;
a fixed commutator having a plurality of annular extending and individually insulated segments arranged in a stacked and annularly outwardly stepped manner, a similar plurality of brushes established in underside biased and continuous contacting fashion with said commutator segments; and
a rotating work input supplied to said shaft creating at least opposing magnetic fields between said annular components for creating an electrical current output through at least one of said coil subassemblies and commutator to brush interface.

14. The invention as described in claim 13, further comprising at least one of said reversing gears exhibiting a tiered arrangement of first and second pluralities of teeth for varying a turning ratio of the coil supporting component relative to the rotor driving component.

15. The invention as described in claim 14, further comprising a spring biasing each of said brushes to maintain a continuous contact profile with said commutator segments.

16. The invention as described in claim 13, said outer annular component further comprising a lower housing and said inner annular component an upper housing, said shaft associated with said outer component extending through a central through aperture associated with said inner component and fixed housing support structure for affixing said commutator segments.

17. The invention as described in claim 13, each of said coils further comprising a plurality of wires wound or braided together.