J-S36021-15 

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37 

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA 

 Appellee 

v. 

RUSSELL JAMES SAAR, JR. 

 Appellant No. 1618 WDA 2014 

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence September 4, 2014 

In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County 

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0002454-2013 and CP-02-CR0006229-2013 

BEFORE: PANELLA, J., JENKINS, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.* 

MEMORANDUM BY JENKINS, J.: FILED JULY 21, 2015 

 Russell Saar argues in this direct appeal that his aggregate sentence of 

21⁄2-5 years’ imprisonment following revocation of his probation is excessive. 

We affirm. 

 On April 9, 2013, Saar was charged at No. 2454-2013 with committing 

simple assault1 and harassment2 against Rhonda Powers on February 9, 

2013. The prosecutor later described this incident as follows: “[A]fter some 

verbal and emotional abuse, [Saar] eventually became assaultive and 

____________________________________________ 

*

 Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court. 

1

 18 Pa.C.S. § 2701. 

2

 18 Pa.C.S. § 2709. 
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grabbed [Powers’] head and her face and was pushing his fingers into her 

eye sockets, then grabbed her by the neck and pinned her against the wall 

while strangling her.” N.T., 6/29/13, at 4. 

On June 26, 2013, Saar was charged at No. 6229-2013 with 

committing simple assault, terroristic threats,3 unlawful restraint4 and 

harassment against Powers on May 3, 2013. The prosecutor later described 

this incident as follows: “[T]he police were called back to [the same] 

residence and they could hear screaming from that residence as they 

approached ... When they knocked on the door, it took them awhile to get 

an answer ... But once the door was opened, [Powers] immediately began 

telling the police that [Saar] had strangled her...” Id. at 4-5. 

 On July 29, 2013, Saar pled guilty to all charges at both caption 

numbers. On the simple assault charge in No. 2454-2013, the trial court 

sentenced Saar to two years’ probation, during which time he was to have 

no contact with Powers and comply with a mental health evaluation and 

treatment plan. On the terroristic threats charge in No. 6229-2013, the 

court sentenced Saar to both a minimum and maximum of 88 days’ 

imprisonment5 with credit for time served followed by two years’ probation, 

____________________________________________ 

3

 18 Pa.C.S. § 2706. 

4

 18 Pa.C.S. § 2902. 

5

 This sentence was illegal because the minimum period of imprisonment is 

more than half of the maximum period, 42 Pa.C.S. § 9756(b)(1), but the 

(Footnote Continued Next Page) 
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during which time he was to have no contact with Powers and comply with 

an MH/MR evaluation and treatment plan. The court did not impose any 

penalty on the remaining charges at either caption number. 

 While on probation, Saar was charged at No. 1602-2014 with 

committing aggravated assault,6 two counts of simple assault and 

harassment on December 27, 2013. On June 9, 2014, he entered a 

negotiated guilty plea to one count of simple assault, and the court 

sentenced him to two years’ probation. 

 On September 4, 2014, Saar appeared for a probation revocation 

hearing at Nos. 2454-2013 and 6229-2013. Saar’s probation officer, Miriam 

Ventura, stated that “he is a convicted violator of [the court’s] probation [for 

which] he was placed on two years’ probation.” N.T., 9/4/14, p. 2. Ventura 

added that Saar “had a no contact [order] with Shawn Miller, who is a friend 

of the victim on the other two cases [Powers]. It’s like an altercation with 

him, him and her.” Id. Finally, Ventura stated that “[Saar’s] adjustment to 

supervision [while on probation] was very poor. [He] reported sporadically, 

did not complete [drug-alcohol counseling], had violent contact with the 

victim.” Id. Neither Saar nor his attorney attempted to refute the probation 

officer’s statements. Id. at 2-3. Saar’s attorney merely stated that he was 

(Footnote Continued) _______________________ 

trial court corrected this error by imposing a legal sentence of 21⁄2-5 years’ 

imprisonment upon revoking Saar’s probation. See p. 4, infra. 

6

 18 Pa.C.S. § 2702. 
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in jail for six and a half months, has been at the Renewal Center for one 

month and has had trouble obtaining employment. Id. at 3. Saar asked 

that the court give him credit for time served and impose a new term of 

probation so that he could find gainful employment outside of jail. Id. 

 The trial court responded: 

But, here’s my problem, Mr. Saar. You’ve been beating the same 

woman since 1997. You have nine convictions. Most of them are 

for domestic violence or related to domestic violence. The police 

report that they’ve been at your house 27 times. You have been 

in technical noncompliance and now you are a convicted violator. 

Now, do I think you’re going to stop? I don’t think so... 

Okay, well, also the seriousness of your offense that you 

strangled the victim in one case, you blackened both of her eyes. 

I just think you’re so entrenched in what you’ve been doing that 

you’re never going to stop. The Court has ordered, read and 

considered a presentence report that virtually had very little if 

anything to say that was positive. You tried to gouge her eyes 

out. It’s just a little bit too much for me. 

Id. at 4-5. 

The trial court revoked Saar’s probation at No. 2454-2013 and 

sentenced him to 1-2 years’ imprisonment with credit for 229 days served. 

The court revoked Saar’s probation at No. 6229-2013 and sentenced him to 

11⁄2-3 years’ imprisonment to run consecutive to his sentence at No. 2454-

2013. 

 Saar filed a timely post-sentence motion to modify sentence which 

alleged in relevant part that his sentence was excessive and that the trial 

court failed to consider two mitigating factors when imposing sentence, viz., 

Saar was at the Renewal Center for approximately one month and was doing 
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well there, and he had employment waiting for him if he were to be 

released. Post-Sentence Motion, 9/9/14, p. 2. 

The trial court denied Saar’s post-sentence motion, and he filed a 

timely notice of appeal. Both Saar and the trial court complied with 

Pa.R.A.P. 1925. 

 Saar raises one issue in this appeal: 

 

Did the trial court fail to adequately consider and apply all of the 

relevant sentencing criteria, including [Saar’s] character and 

rehabilitative needs, the gravity of the offense/violation and the 

protection of the public, as required under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721 

(sentencing generally; general standards) and 42 Pa.C.S. § 9725 

(total confinement)? 

Brief For Appellant, p. 6. 

 In an appeal from a sentence following revocation of probation, our 

review “is limited to determining the validity of the probation revocation 

proceedings and the authority of the sentencing court to consider the same 

sentencing alternatives that it had at the time of the initial sentencing.” 

Commonwealth v. Fish, 752 A.2d 921, 923 (Pa.Super.2000) (citing 42 

Pa.C.S. § 9771(b)). The Sentencing Guidelines are not applicable to 

sentences imposed following revocation of probation. Fish, 752 A.2d at 

924. Revocation of a probation sentence is a matter committed to the sound 

discretion of the trial court, and we will not disturb the court’s decision on 

appeal in the absence of an error of law or an abuse of discretion. 

Commonwealth v. Simmons, 56 A.3d 1280, 1283 (Pa.Super.2012). 
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Saar’s brief raises three challenges to the discretionary aspects of his 

sentence: (1) his sentence is excessive, (2) the trial court misconstrued the 

nature of his new conviction at No. 1602-2014, because the court thought 

that this case involved another altercation between Saar and Powers, when 

in fact it involved an altercation between Saar and Miller, Powers’ male 

friend, and (3) the trial court failed to take mitigating factors into account at 

the time of sentencing.7 Brief For Appellant, pp. 16-18. A challenge to the 

discretionary aspects of sentencing 

do[es] not entitle an appellant to review as of right. 

Commonwealth v. Sierra, 752 A.2d 910, 912 

(Pa.Super.2000). An appellant challenging the discretionary 

aspects of his sentence must invoke this Court’s jurisdiction by 

satisfying a four-part test: 

We conduct a four-part analysis to determine: (1) 

whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, 

see Pa.R.A.P. 902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was 

properly preserved at sentencing or in a motion to 

reconsider and modify sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P. 720; 

(3) whether appellant’s brief has a fatal defect, 

Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether there is a 

substantial question that the sentence appealed from is 

not appropriate under the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S. 

§ 9781(b). 

Commonwealth v. Evans, 901 A.2d 528, 533 (Pa.Super.2006), 

appeal denied, 589 Pa. 727, 909 A.2d 303 (2006). Objections to 

the discretionary aspects of a sentence are generally waived if 

they are not raised at the sentencing hearing or in a motion to 

modify the sentence imposed. Commonwealth v. Mann, 820 

A.2d 788, 794 (Pa.Super.2003), appeal denied, 574 Pa. 759, 

831 A.2d 599 (2003). 

____________________________________________ 

7

 We will refer to these claims as Claims 1, 2, and 3, respectively. 
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The determination of what constitutes a substantial question 

must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Commonwealth v. 

Paul, 925 A.2d 825, 828 (Pa.Super.2007). A substantial 

question exists ‘only when the appellant advances a colorable 

argument that the sentencing judge’s actions were either: (1) 

inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code; or 

(2) contrary to the fundamental norms which underlie the 

sentencing process.’ Sierra, supra at 912–13. Commonwealth 

v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 170 (Pa.Super.2010).

Commonwealth v. Griffin, 65 A.3d 932, 935 (Pa.Super.2013), appeal 

denied, 76 A.3d 538 (Pa.2013). 

 Saar filed timely a post-sentence motion to modify sentence and a 

timely notice of appeal, and he included a Pa.R.A.P. 2119 statement of 

reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal in his brief. Furthermore, read 

together, the first and third claims in his brief – claims of an excessive 

sentence and failure to consider mitigating factors – raise a substantial 

question for appellate review.8 Commonwealth v. Raven, 97 A.3d 1244, 

1253 (Pa.Super.2014). Therefore, we will address the merits of these 

claims. 

 This Court reviews sentencing determinations as follows:

[S]entencing is vested in the discretion of the trial court, and will 

not be disturbed absent a manifest abuse of that discretion. An 

abuse of discretion involves a sentence which was manifestly 

____________________________________________ 

8

 Saar waived the second claim in his brief (the trial court misconstrued his 

new conviction as involving another assault against Powers) by failing to 

raise it during his revocation hearing or in his post-sentence motions. 

Griffin, 65 A.3d at 935 (objection to discretionary aspects of sentence is 

waived if not raised during sentencing hearing or in motion to modify 

sentence). 
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unreasonable, or which resulted from partiality, prejudice, bias 

or ill will. It is more than just an error in judgment. 

Commonwealth v. Malovich, 903 A.2d 1247, 1252-53 (Pa.Super.2006) 

(citations omitted). 

The trial court has the authority to sentence defendants to total 

confinement subsequent to revocation of probation if any of the following 

conditions exist: “(1) the defendant has been convicted of another crime; 

(2) the conduct of the defendant indicates that it is likely that he will commit 

another crime if he is not imprisoned; or (3) such a sentence is essential to 

vindicate the authority of this court.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9771(c). “A sentencing 

court need not undertake a lengthy discourse for its reasons for imposing a 

sentence or specifically reference the statute in question, but the record as a 

whole must reflect the sentencing court’s consideration of the facts of the 

crime and character of the offender.” Commonwealth v. Crump, 995 A.2d 

1280, 1283 (Pa.Super. 2010). A trial court does not abuse its discretion 

simply by imposing a seemingly harsh post-revocation sentence, where the 

defendant originally receives a lenient sentence but then fails to comply with 

the conditions imposed on him. Commonwealth v. Reaves, 923 A.2d 

1119, 1122, n.5 (Pa.2007) (“the Dissenting Opinion labels the VOP sentence 

‘harsh.’ Appellee’s burglary convictions were felonies of the first degree, 

meaning each was punishable by ten to twenty years of imprisonment. Thus, 

on the burglaries alone, the VOP court was legislatively authorized to 

sentence appellee to consecutive terms totaling thirty to sixty years of 
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imprisonment. Appellee’s initial, negotiated county sentence [of 111⁄2-23 

months’ imprisonment plus two years of probation] was extremely favorable, 

and the VOP sentence cannot be described at all as harsh given the 

seriousness of the crimes and appellee’s abject failure to abide by the 

requirements of his sentence”). 

Saar clearly deserved the sentence meted out by the trial court. The 

trial court observed that the police have “been at [his] house 27 times for 

domestic calls,” that he has been “beating the same woman since 1997,” 

and that his underlying conviction at No. 2454-2013 was for attempting to 

“gouge [Powers’] eyes out.” N.T., 9/4/14, at 3-5. Despite this history of 

violence, the trial court imposed a relatively lenient sentence at Nos. 2454-

2013 (2 years’ probation) and 6229-2013 (88 days’ time followed by 2 

years’ probation) and directed Saar to have no contact with the victim, 

complete the Batterer’s Intervention Program, and, comply with an MH/MR 

evaluation and treatment. The trial court thus gave Saar the opportunity for 

treatment of his issues and rehabilitation outside of a prison setting. Saar 

comprehensively failed to take advantage of this opportunity; he committed 

yet another assault while on probation, resulting in another assault 

conviction, and adjusted “very poor[ly]” to supervision as a probationer. Id. 

at 2. The trial court had the discretion to conclude that these facts far 

outweigh the mitigating factors listed in Saar’s post-sentence motion (his 

participation in a rehabilitation program and potential employment as a tree 

trimmer upon his release). 
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Saar met all three criteria within section 9771(c), any one of which 

made him eligible for a sentence of imprisonment. He was convicted of 

another crime committed while on probation; his conduct makes it likely that 

he will commit more violent crimes if not imprisoned;9 and given his failure 

to take advantage of a relatively lenient sentence, a prison sentence became 

necessary to vindicate the authority of the court. The trial court acted within 

its discretion in imposing an aggregate sentence of 21⁄2-5 years’ 

imprisonment following revocation of Saar’s probation. 

Judgment of sentence affirmed. 

Judgment Entered. 

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. 

Prothonotary 

Date: 7/21/2015 

____________________________________________ 

9

 As the trial court succinctly observed: “Now, do I think you’re going to 

stop? I don’t think so.” N.T., 9/4/14, p. 4.