[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 70 (Tuesday, April 12, 2022)]
[Notices]
[Pages 21614-21616]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2022-07769]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Bureau of Industry and Security


Azur Air, Sharypovo Airport, 404/1 Kozhevnicheskiy Lane, Moscow, 
Russia; Order Temporarily Denying Export Privileges

    Pursuant to Section 766.24 of the Export Administration 
Regulations, 15 CFR parts 730-774 (2021) (``EAR'' or ``the 
Regulations''),\1\ the Bureau of Industry and Security (``BIS''), U.S. 
Department of Commerce, through its Office of Export Enforcement 
(``OEE''), has requested the issuance of an Order temporarily denying, 
for a period of 180 days, the export privileges under the Regulations 
of: Azur Air (``Azur''). OEE's request and related information indicate 
that Azur is headquartered in Moscow, Russia, with a regional hub 
located in Vnukovo International Airport, Vnukovo, Russia.
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    \1\ On August 13, 2018, the President signed into law the John 
S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019, 
which includes the Export Control Reform Act of 2018, 50 U.S.C. 
4801-4852 (``ECRA''). While Section 1766 of ECRA repeals the 
provisions of the Export Administration Act, 50 U.S.C. app. 2401 et 
seq. (``EAA'') (except for three sections which are inapplicable 
here), Section 1768 of ECRA provides, in pertinent part, that all 
orders, rules, regulations, and other forms of administrative action 
that were made or issued under the EAA, including as continued in 
effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, 
50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq. (``IEEPA''), and were in effect as of ECRA's 
date of enactment (August 13, 2018), shall continue in effect 
according to their terms until modified, superseded, set aside, or 
revoked through action undertaken pursuant to the authority provided 
under ECRA. Moreover, Section 1761(a)(5) of ECRA authorizes the 
issuance of temporary denial orders. 50 U.S.C. 4820(a)(5).
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I. Legal Standard

    Pursuant to Section 766.24, BIS may issue an order temporarily 
denying a respondent's export privileges upon a showing that the order 
is necessary in the public interest to prevent an ``imminent 
violation'' of the Regulations, or any order, license or authorization 
issued thereunder. 15 CFR 766.24(b)(1) and 766.24(d). ``A violation may 
be `imminent' either in time or degree of likelihood.'' 15 CFR 
766.24(b)(3). BIS may show ``either that a violation is about to occur, 
or that the general circumstances of the matter under investigation or 
case under criminal or administrative charges demonstrate a likelihood 
of future violations.'' Id. As to the likelihood of future violations, 
BIS may show that the violation under investigation or charge ``is 
significant, deliberate, covert and/or likely to occur again, rather 
than technical or negligent[.]'' Id. A ``lack of information 
establishing the precise time a violation may occur does not preclude a 
finding that a violation is imminent, so long as there is sufficient 
reason to believe the likelihood of a violation.'' Id.

II. OEE's Request for a Temporary Denial Order (``TDO'')

    The U.S. Commerce Department, through BIS, responded to the Russian 
Federation's (``Russia's'') further invasion of Ukraine by implementing 
a sweeping series of stringent export controls that severely restrict 
Russia's access to technologies and other items that it needs to 
sustain its aggressive military capabilities. These controls primarily 
target Russia's defense, aerospace, and maritime sectors and are 
intended to cut off Russia's access to vital technological inputs, 
atrophy key sectors of its industrial base, and undercut Russia's 
strategic ambitions to exert influence on the world stage. Effective 
February 24, 2022, BIS imposed expansive controls on aviation-related 
(e.g., Commerce Control List Categories 7 and 9) items to Russia, 
including a license requirement for the export, reexport or transfer 
(in-country) to Russia of any aircraft or aircraft parts specified in 
Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) 9A991 (Section 746.8(a)(1) 
of the EAR).\2\ BIS will review any export or reexport license 
applications for such items under a policy of denial. See Section 
746.8(b). Effective March 2, 2022, BIS excluded any aircraft registered 
in, owned, or controlled by, or under charter or lease by Russia or a 
national of Russia from being eligible for license exception Aircraft, 
Vessels, and Spacecraft (AVS) (Section 740.15 of the

[[Page 21615]]

EAR).\3\ Accordingly, any U.S.-origin aircraft or foreign aircraft that 
includes more than 25% controlled U.S.-origin content, and that is 
registered in, owned, or controlled by, or under charter or lease by, 
Russia or a national of Russia, is subject to a license requirement 
before it can travel to Russia.
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    \2\ 87 FR 12226 (Mar. 3, 2022).
    \3\ 87 FR 13048 (Mar. 8, 2022).
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    OEE's request is based upon facts indicating that Azur engaged in 
recent conduct prohibited by the Regulations by operating aircraft 
subject to the EAR and classified under ECCN 9A991.b, on flights into 
Russia after March 2, 2022, without the required BIS authorization.
    Specifically, OEE's investigation, including publicly available 
flight tracking information, indicates that after March 2, 2022, Azur 
operated multiple U.S.-origin aircraft subject to the EAR, including, 
but not limited to, those identified below, on flights into and out of 
Moscow and other cities in Russia from/to: Antalya, Turkey; Male, 
Maldives; Dubai, United Arab Emirates; and Nha Trang, Vietnam, 
respectively. Pursuant to Section 746.8 of the EAR, all of these 
flights would have required export or reexport licenses from BIS. Azur 
flights would not be eligible to use license exception AVS. No BIS 
authorizations were either sought or obtained by Azur for these exports 
or reexports to Russia. The information about those flights includes 
the following:

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                                                                         Departure/arrival
             Tail No.                Serial No.       Aircraft type            cities               Dates
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VQ-BKF...........................           26268  757-2Q8 (B752).....  Antalya, TR/Moscow,  March 4, 2022.
                                                                         RU.
VQ-BKF...........................           26268  757-2Q8 (B752).....  Antalya, TR/Moscow,  March 5, 2022.
                                                                         RU.
VQ-BKF...........................           26268  757-2Q8 (B752).....  Antalya, TR/Moscow,  March 7, 2022.
                                                                         RU.
VQ-BKF...........................           26268  757-2Q8 (B752).....  Antalya, TR/Moscow,  March 9, 2022.
                                                                         RU.
RA-73032.........................           27614  767-306 (ER) (B763)  Antalya, TR/Moscow,  March 14, 2022.
                                                                         RU.
RA-73032.........................           27614  767-306 (ER) (B763)  Antalya, TR/Kazan,   March 17, 2022.
                                                                         RU.
RA-73032.........................           27614  767-306 (ER) (B763)  Antalya, TR/Moscow,  March 18, 2022.
                                                                         RU.
VQ-BTK...........................           35302  777-3ZG (ER) (B77W)  Male, MV/Moscow, RU  March 5, 2022.
RA-73032.........................           27614  767-306 (ER) (B763)  Male, MV/Moscow, RU  March 13, 2022.
RA-73032.........................           27614  767-306 (ER) (B763)  Dubai, AE/Moscow,    March 5, 2022.
                                                                         RU.
VQ-BKF...........................           26268  757-2Q8 (B752).....  Dubai, AE/Moscow,    March 6, 2022.
                                                                         RU.
VQ-BUO...........................           27909  767-33A (ER) (B763)  Dubai, AE/Samara,    March 6, 2022.
                                                                         RU.
VQ-BUO...........................           27909  767-33A (ER) (B763)  Dubai, AE/Moscow,    March 9, 2022.
                                                                         RU.
VQ-BUO...........................           27909  767-33A (ER) (B763)  Dubai, AE/           March 10, 2022.
                                                                         Vladivostok, RU.
RA-73034.........................           27612  767-306 (ER) (B763)  Dubai, AE/Moscow,    March 10, 2022.
                                                                         RU.
RA-73032.........................           27614  767-306 (ER) (B763)  Dubai, AE/Moscow,    March 14, 2022.
                                                                         RU.
RA-73030.........................           24746  767-3Q8 (ER) (B763)  Dubai, AE/Moscow,    March 17, 2022.
                                                                         RU.
RA-73034.........................           27612  767-306 (ER) (B763)  Nha Trang, VN/       March 6, 2022.
                                                                         Moscow, RU.
RA-73032.........................           27614  767-306 (ER) (B763)  Nha Trang, VN/       March 15, 2022.
                                                                         Moscow, RU.
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    Based on this information, there are heightened concerns of future 
violations of the EAR, given that any subsequent actions taken with 
regard to any of the listed aircraft, or other Azur aircraft illegally 
exported or reexported to Russia after March 2, 2022, may violate the 
EAR. Such actions include, but are not limited to, refueling, 
maintenance, repair, or the provision of spare parts or services. See 
General Prohibition 10 of the EAR at 15 CFR 736.2(b)(10).\4\ Even 
Azur's continued use of such U.S.-origin aircraft only on domestic 
routes within Russia runs afoul of General Prohibition 10, which (among 
other restrictions) prohibits the continued use of an item that was 
known to have been exported or reexported in violation of the EAR. For 
example, publicly available flight tracking data shows that between 
March 25-28, 2022, aircraft RA-73030 (SN 24746) and RA-73032 (SN 27614) 
flew on flights into and out of Moscow, Russia to/from the Russian 
cities of: Irkutsk, Kaliningrad; Mineralnye Vody, Novosibirsk and 
Samara.
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    \4\ Section 736.2(b)(10) of the EAR provides: General 
Prohibition Ten--Proceeding with transactions with knowledge that a 
violation has occurred or is about to occur (Knowledge Violation to 
Occur). You may not sell, transfer, export, reexport, finance, 
order, buy, remove, conceal, store, use, loan, dispose of, 
transport, forward, or otherwise service, in whole or in part, any 
item subject to the EAR and exported or to be exported with 
knowledge that a violation of the Export Administration Regulations, 
the Export Administration Act or any order, license, License 
Exception, or other authorization issued thereunder has occurred, is 
about to occur, or is intended to occur in connection with the item. 
Nor may you rely upon any license or License Exception after notice 
to you of the suspension or revocation of that license or exception. 
There are no License Exceptions to this General Prohibition Ten in 
part 740 of the EAR. (emphasis in original).
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    Moreover, additional concerns of future violations of the 
Regulations are raised by public information available as of the 
signing of this order. Specifically, Azur's own website indicates that 
its fleet of 34 aircraft is entirely comprised of Boeing aircraft.\5\ 
Given BIS's review policy of denial under Section 746.8(a) of the 
Regulations for exports and reexports to Russia, it is foreseeable that 
Azur will attempt to evade the Regulations in order to obtain new or 
additional aircraft parts or service its existing aircraft that were 
exported or reexported to Russia in violation of Section 746.8 of the 
Regulations.
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    \5\ https://www.azurair.ru/en/azurair/our-fleet.
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III. Findings

    Under the applicable standard set forth in Section 766.24 of the 
Regulations and my review of the entire record, I find that the 
evidence presented by BIS convincingly demonstrates that Azur took 
actions in apparent violation of the Regulations by exporting or 
reexporting the aircraft cited above, among many others, on flights 
into Russia after March 2, 2022, without the required BIS 
authorization. Moreover, the continued operation of these aircraft by 
Azur, even on domestic routes within Russia and the company's on-going 
need to acquire replacement parts and components, many of which are 
U.S.-origin, presents a high likelihood of imminent violations 
warranting imposition of a TDO. I further find that such apparent 
violations have been significant and deliberate. Therefore, issuance of 
the TDO is necessary in the public interest to prevent imminent 
violation of the Regulations and to give notice to companies and 
individuals in the United States and abroad that they should avoid 
dealing with Azur, in connection with export and reexport transactions 
involving items subject to the Regulations and in connection with

[[Page 21616]]

any other activity subject to the Regulations.
    This Order is being issued on an ex parte basis without a hearing 
based upon BIS's showing of an imminent violation in accordance with 
Section 766.24 and 766.23(b) of the Regulations.

IV. Order

It is therefore ordered:

    FIRST, Azur Air, Sharypovo Airport, 404/1 Kozhevnicheskiy Lane, 
Moscow, Russia, when acting for or on their behalf, any successors or 
assigns, agents, or employees may not, directly or indirectly, 
participate in any way in any transaction involving any commodity, 
software or technology (hereinafter collectively referred to as 
``item'') exported or to be exported from the United States that is 
subject to the EAR, or in any other activity subject to the EAR 
including, but not limited to:
    A. Applying for, obtaining, or using any license (except directly 
related to safety of flight), license exception, or export control 
document;
    B. Carrying on negotiations concerning, or ordering, buying, 
receiving, using, selling, delivering, storing, disposing of, 
forwarding, transporting, financing, or otherwise servicing in any way, 
any transaction involving any item exported or to be exported from the 
United States that is subject to the EAR except directly related to 
safety of flight and authorized by BIS pursuant to section 764.3(a)(2) 
of the regulations, or engaging in any other activity subject to the 
EAR except directly related to safety of flight and authorized by BIS 
pursuant to Section 764.3(a)(2) of the Regulations; or
    C. Benefitting in any way from any transaction involving any item 
exported or to be exported from the United States that is subject to 
the EAR, or from any other activity subject to the EAR except directly 
related to safety of flight and authorized by BIS pursuant to Section 
764.3(a)(2) of the Regulations.
    SECOND, that no person may, directly or indirectly, do any of the 
following:
    A. Export, reexport, or transfer (in-country) to or on behalf of 
Azur any item subject to the EAR except directly related to safety of 
flight and authorized by BIS pursuant to Section 764.3(a)(2) of the 
regulations;
    B. Take any action that facilitates the acquisition or attempted 
acquisition by Azur of the ownership, possession, or control of any 
item subject to the EAR that has been or will be exported from the 
United States, including financing or other support activities related 
to a transaction whereby Azur acquires or attempts to acquire such 
ownership, possession or control except directly related to safety of 
flight and authorized by BIS pursuant to Section 764.3(a)(2) of the 
Regulations;
    C. Take any action to acquire from or to facilitate the acquisition 
or attempted acquisition from Azur of any item subject to the EAR that 
has been exported from the United States except directly related to 
safety of flight and authorized by BIS pursuant to section 764.3(a)(2) 
of the Regulations;
    D. Obtain from Azur in the United States any item subject to the 
EAR with knowledge or reason to know that the item will be, or is 
intended to be, exported from the United States except directly related 
to safety of flight and authorized by BIS pursuant to section 
764.3(a)(2) of the regulations; or
    E. Engage in any transaction to service any item subject to the EAR 
that has been or will be exported from the United States and which is 
owned, possessed or controlled by Azur, or service any item, of 
whatever origin, that is owned, possessed or controlled by Azur if such 
service involves the use of any item subject to the EAR that has been 
or will be exported from the United States except directly related to 
safety of flight and authorized by BIS pursuant to Section 764.3(a)(2) 
of the Regulations. For purposes of this paragraph, servicing means 
installation, maintenance, repair, modification, or testing.
    THIRD, that, after notice and opportunity for comment as provided 
in section 766.23 of the EAR, any other person, firm, corporation, or 
business organization related to Azur by ownership, control, position 
of responsibility, affiliation, or other connection in the conduct of 
trade or business may also be made subject to the provisions of this 
Order.
    In accordance with the provisions of Sections 766.24(e) of the EAR, 
Azur may, at any time, appeal this Order by filing a full written 
statement in support of the appeal with the Office of the 
Administrative Law Judge, U.S. Coast Guard ALJ Docketing Center, 40 
South Gay Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202-4022.
    In accordance with the provisions of Section 766.24(d) of the EAR, 
BIS may seek renewal of this Order by filing a written request not 
later than 20 days before the expiration date. A renewal request may be 
opposed by Azur as provided in Section 766.24(d), by filing a written 
submission with the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Export 
Enforcement, which must be received not later than seven days before 
the expiration date of the Order.
    A copy of this Order shall be provided to Azur and shall be 
published in the Federal Register.
    This Order is effective immediately and shall remain in effect for 
180 days.

    Dated: April 7, 2022.
Matthew S. Axelrod,
Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Export Enforcement.
[FR Doc. 2022-07769 Filed 4-11-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-DT-P