IB 

Union Calendar No. 287 

116TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 3622 

[Report No. 116–362] 

To amend the Fair Credit Reporting act to restore the impaired credit 

of victims of predatory activities and unfair consumer reporting practices, 

to expand access to tools to protect vulnerable consumers from identity 

theft, fraud, or a related crime, and protect victims from further harm, 

and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

JULY 5, 2019 

Ms. TLAIB introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 

on Financial Services 

DECEMBER 23, 2019 

Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole 

House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed 

[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

[For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on July 5, 2019] 


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A BILL 

To amend the Fair Credit Reporting act to restore the impaired credit of victims of predatory activities and unfair 

consumer reporting practices, to expand access to tools 

to protect vulnerable consumers from identity theft, 

fraud, or a related crime, and protect victims from further harm, and for other purposes. 


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1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Re5 storing Unfairly Impaired Credit and Protecting Con6 sumers Act’’. 

7 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

8 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Findings. 

Sec. 3. Effective date. 

Sec. 4. General Bureau rulemaking. 

TITLE I—RESTORING THE IMPAIRED CREDIT OF VICTIMS OF 

PREDATORY ACTIVITIES AND UNFAIR CONSUMER REPORTING 

PRACTICES 

Sec. 101. Shortens the time period that most adverse credit information stays on 

consumer reports. 

Sec. 102. Mandates the expedited removal of fully paid or settled debt from consumer reports. 

Sec. 103. Imposes restrictions on the appearance of medical collections on consumer reports and requires the expedited removal of fully paid 

or settled medical collections from consumer reports. 

Sec. 104. Provides credit restoration for victims of predatory mortgage lending 

and servicing. 

Sec. 105. Provides credit relief for private education loans borrowers who were defrauded or mislead by proprietary education institution or career education programs. 

Sec. 106. Establishes right for victims of financial abuse to have adverse information associated with an abuser’s fraudulent activity removed 

from their consumer reports. 

Sec. 107. Prohibits treatment of credit restoration or rehabilitation as adverse information. 

TITLE II—EXPANDING ACCESS TO TOOLS TO PROTECT VULNERABLE CONSUMERS FROM IDENTITY THEFT, FRAUD, OR A RELATED CRIME, AND PROTECT VICTIMS FROM FURTHER HARM 

Sec. 201. Identity theft report definition. 

Sec. 202. Amendment to protection for files and credit records of protected consumers. 

Sec. 203. Enhances fraud alert protections. 

Sec. 204. Amendment to security freezes for consumer reports. 

Sec. 205. Clarification of information to be included with agency disclosures. 

Sec. 206. Provides access to fraud records for victims. 


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Sec. 207. Required Bureau to set procedures for reporting identity theft, fraud, 

and other related crime. 

Sec. 208. Establishes the right to free credit monitoring and identity theft protection services for certain consumers. 

Sec. 209. Ensures removal of inquiries resulting from identity theft, fraud, or 

other related crime from consumer reports. 

TITLE III—MISCELLANEOUS 

Sec. 301. Definitions. 

Sec. 302. Technical correction related to risk-based pricing notices. 

Sec. 303. FCRA findings and purpose; voids certain contracts not in the public 

interest. 

1 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

2 Congress finds the following: 

3 (1) GENERAL FINDINGS.— 

4 (A) Consumer reporting agencies (‘‘CRAs’’) 

5 are companies that collect, compile, and provide 

6 information about consumers in the form of con7 sumer reports for certain permissible statutory 

8 purposes under the Fair Credit Reporting Act 

9 (15 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.) (‘‘FCRA’’). The three 

10 largest CRAs in this country are Equifax, 

11 TransUnion, and Experian. These CRAs are re12 ferred to as nationwide CRAs and the reports 

13 that they prepare are commonly referred to as 

14 credit reports. Furnishers, such as creditors, 

15 lenders, and debt collection agencies, voluntarily 

16 submit information to CRAs about their ac17 counts such as the total amount for each loan or 

18 credit limit for each credit card and the con19 sumer’s payment history on these products. ReVerDate Sep 11 2014 21:13 Dec 23, 2019 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\H3622.RH H3622

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1 ports also include identifying information about 

2 a consumer, such as their birthdate, previous 

3 mailing addresses, and current and previous em4 ployers. 

5 (B) In a December 2012 paper, ‘‘Key Di6 mensions and Processes in the U.S. Credit Re7 porting System: A review for how the nation’s 

8 largest credit bureaus manage consumer data’’, 

9 the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection 

10 (‘‘Consumer Bureau’’) noted that the three na11 tionwide CRAs maintain credit files on approxi12 mately 200 million adults and receive informa13 tion from about 10,000 furnishers. On a monthly 

14 basis, these furnishers provide information on 

15 over 1.3 billion consumer credit accounts or other 

16 trade lines. 

17 (C) The 10 largest institutions furnishing 

18 credit information to each of the nationwide 

19 CRAs account for more than half of all accounts 

20 reflected in consumers’ credit files. 

21 (D) Consumer reports play an increasingly 

22 important role in the lives of American con23 sumers. Most creditors, for example, review these 

24 reports to make decisions about whether to ex25 tend credit to consumers and what terms and 


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1 conditions to offer them. As such, information 

2 contained in these reports affects whether a per3 son is able to get a private education loan to pay 

4 for college costs, to secure a mortgage loan to buy 

5 a home, or to obtain a credit card, as well as the 

6 terms and conditions under which consumer 

7 credit products or services are offered to them. 

8 (E) Credit reports are also increasingly 

9 used for many noncredit decisions, including by 

10 landlords to determine whether to rent an apart11 ment to a prospective tenant and by employers 

12 to decide whether to hire potential job applicants 

13 or to offer a promotion to existing employees. 

14 (F) CRAs have a statutory obligation to 

15 verify independently the accuracy and complete16 ness of information included on the reports that 

17 they provide. 

18 (G) The nationwide CRAs have failed to es19 tablish and follow reasonable procedures, as re20 quired by existing law, to establish the max21 imum level of accuracy of information contained 

22 on consumer reports. Given the repeated failures 

23 of these CRAs to comply with accuracy require24 ments on their own, legislation is intended to 

25 provide them with detailed guidance improving 


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1 the accuracy and completeness of information 

2 contained in consumer reports, including proce3 dures, policies, and practices that these CRAs 

4 should already be following to ensure full compli5 ance with their existing obligations. 

6 (H) The presence of inaccurate or incom7 plete information on these reports can result in 

8 substantial financial and emotional harm to 

9 consumers. Credit reporting errors can lead to 

10 the loss of a new employment opportunity or a 

11 denial of a promotion in an existing job, stop 

12 someone from being able to access credit on fa13 vorable terms, prevent a person from obtaining 

14 rental housing, or even trigger mental distress. 

15 (I) Current industry practices impose an 

16 unfair burden of proof on consumers trying to 

17 fix errors on their reports. 

18 (J) Consumer reports containing inaccurate 

19 or incomplete credit information also undermine 

20 the ability of creditors and lenders to effectively 

21 and accurately underwrite and price credit. 

22 (K) Recognizing that credit reporting affects 

23 the lives of almost all consumers in this country 

24 and that the consequences of errors on a con25 sumer report can be catastrophic for a consumer, 


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1 the Consumer Bureau began accepting consumer 

2 complaints about credit reporting in October 

3 2012. 

4 (L) As of February 2017, the Consumer Bu5 reau has handled approximately 185,717 credit 

6 reporting complaints, making credit reporting 

7 consistently the third most-complained-about 

8 subject matter on which the Consumer Bureau 

9 accepts consumer complaints. 

10 (M) In the ‘‘Monthly Complaint Report Vol11 ume 20’’, released in February 2017, the Con12 sumer Bureau noted that 76 percent of credit re13 porting complaints involved incorrect informa14 tion on reports, with consumers frequently ex15 pressing their frustrations about the burdensome 

16 and time-consuming process to disputing items. 

17 (N) Other common types of credit reporting 

18 complaints submitted to the Consumer Bureau 

19 related to the improper use of a report, trouble 

20 obtaining a report or credit score, CRAs’ inves21 tigations, and credit monitoring or identity pro22 tection. 

23 (O) In the summer 2015 ‘‘Supervisory 

24 Highlights’’, the Consumer Bureau noted that 

25 one or more of the largest CRAs failed to adeVerDate Sep 11 2014 21:13 Dec 23, 2019 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\H3622.RH H3622

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1 quately oversee furnishers to ensure that they 

2 were adhering to the CRA’s vetting policies and 

3 to establish proper procedures to verify public 

4 record information. 

5 (P) According to the fall 2016 ‘‘Supervisory 

6 Highlights’’, Consumer Bureau examiners deter7 mined that one or more debt collectors never in8 vestigated indirect disputes that lacked detail or 

9 were not accompanied by attachments with rel10 evant information from the consumer. Exam11 iners also found that notifications sent to con12 sumers about disputes considered frivolous failed 

13 to identify for the consumers the type of material 

14 that they could provide in order for the debt col15 lector to complete the investigation of the dis16 puted item. 

17 (Q) A February 2014 Consumer Bureau re18 port titled ‘‘Credit Reporting Complaint Snap19 shot’’ found that consumers are confused about 

20 the extent to which the nationwide CRAs are re21 quired to provide them with validation and doc22 umentation of a debt that appears on their credit 

23 report. 

24 (R) As evidence that the current system 

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1 velop more robust procedures to increase the ac2 curacy and completeness of information on credit 

3 reports, litigation discovery documented by the 

4 National Consumer Law Center (‘‘NCLC’’), as 

5 part of a January 2009 report titled, ‘‘Auto6 mated Injustice: How a Mechanized Dispute Sys7 tem Frustrates Consumers Seeking to Fix Errors 

8 in Their Credit Reports’’, showed that at least 

9 two of the three largest CRAs use quota systems 

10 to force employees to process disputes hastily and 

11 without the opportunity for conducting meaning12 ful investigations. At least one nationwide CRA 

13 only allowed dispute resolution staff five minutes 

14 to handle a consumer’s call. Furthermore, these 

15 CRAs were found to have awarded bonuses for 

16 meeting quotas and punished those who didn’t 

17 meet production numbers with probation. 

18 (S) Unlike most other business relation19 ships, where consumers can register their satis20 faction or unhappiness with a particular credit 

21 product or service simply by taking their busi22 ness elsewhere, consumers have no say in whether 

23 their information is included in the CRAs data24 bases and limited legal remedies to hold the 


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1 CRAs accountable for inaccuracies or poor serv2 ice. 

3 (T) Accordingly, despite the existing statu4 tory mandate for CRAs to follow reasonable pro5 cedures to assure the maximum possible accuracy 

6 of the information whenever they prepare con7 sumer reports, numerous studies, the high volume 

8 of consumer complaints submitted to the Con9 sumer Bureau about incorrect information on 

10 consumer reports, and supervisory activities by 

11 the Consumer Bureau demonstrate that CRAs 

12 continue to skirt their obligations under the law. 

13 (2) PRIVATE EDUCATION LOANS.— 

14 (A) The Consumer Bureau’s October 2014 

15 report titled ‘‘Annual Report of the CFPB Stu16 dent Loan Ombudsman’’ noted many private 

17 education loan borrowers, who sought to nego18 tiate a modified repayment plan when they were 

19 experiencing a period of financial distress, were 

20 unable to get assistance from their loan holders, 

21 which often resulting in them defaulting on their 

22 loans. This pattern resembles the difficulty that 

23 a significant number of mortgage loan borrowers 

24 experienced when they sought to take responsible 


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1 steps to work with their mortgage loan servicer 

2 to avoid foreclosure during the Great Recession. 

3 (B) Although private student loan holders 

4 may allow a borrower to postpone payments 

5 while enrolled in school full-time, many limit 

6 this option to a certain time period, usually 48 

7 to 66 months. This limited time period may not 

8 be sufficient for those who need additional time 

9 to obtain their degree or who want to continue 

10 their education by pursing a graduate or profes11 sional degree. The Consumer Bureau found that 

12 borrowers who were unable to make payments 

13 often defaulted or had their accounts sent to col14 lections before they were even able to graduate. 

15 (3) DECEPTIVE PRACTICES AT CERTAIN PROPRI16 ETARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AND CAREER EDU17 CATION PROGRAMS.— 

18 (A) NCLC cited the proliferation of law en19 forcement actions against many for-profit schools 

20 in its June 2014 report, titled ‘‘Ensuring Edu21 cational Integrity: 10 Steps to Improve State 

22 Oversight of For-profit Schools’’, to demonstrate 

23 the pervasive problem in this sector of targeting 

24 low-income students with deceptive high-pressure 

25 sales techniques involving inflated job placement 


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1 rates and misleading data on graduate wages, 

2 and false representations about the transfer3 ability of credits and the employability of grad4 uates in occupations that require licensure. Stu5 dent loan borrowers at these schools may be left 

6 with nothing but worthless credentials and large 

7 debt. Those who default on their student loans 

8 face years with damaged credit that will ad9 versely impact their ability to rent or buy homes, 

10 purchase cars, and find employment. 

11 (B) The closure and bankruptcy of Corin12 thian Colleges, which was found to have deceived 

13 students by steering them into high-interest stu14 dent loans based on misleading graduation rates 

15 and employment data, is a good example of the 

16 problem. Even after its closure, many Corinthian 

17 students remained saddled with student loan 

18 debt, worthless degrees, and few prospects for em19 ployment. 

20 (C) Attending a two-year, for-profit college 

21 costs, on average, four times as much as attend22 ing a community college. Students at for-profit 

23 colleges represent only about 11 percent of the 

24 total higher education population but a startling 

25 44 percent of all Federal student loan defaults, 


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1 according to the United States Department of 

2 Education (‘‘DOE’’). 

3 (D) According to NCLC, a disproportionate 

4 number of for-profit students are low-income and 

5 people of color. These schools target veterans, 

6 working parents, first-generation students, and 

7 non-English speaking students, who may be more 

8 likely than their public or private nonprofit 

9 school counterparts to drop out, incur enormous 

10 student debt, and default on this debt. In the 

11 2011–2012 school year, 28 percent of African 

12 Americans and 15 percent of Latinos attending 

13 four-year institutions were enrolled in a for-prof14 it school, compared to 10 percent of Whites. 

15 (E) As highlighted in a press release titled 

16 ‘‘Obama Administration Announces Final Rules 

17 to Protect Students from Poor-Performing Career 

18 College Programs’’, that was issued by the DOE 

19 on October 30, 2014, ‘‘ƒt≈oo often, students at 

20 career colleges—including thousands of vet21 erans—are charged excessive costs, but don’t get 

22 the education they paid for. Instead, students in 

23 such programs are provided with poor quality 

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1 ties. They find themselves with large amounts of 

2 debt and, too often, end up in default. In many 

3 cases, students are drawn into these programs 

4 with confusing or misleading information.’’. 

5 (4) MEDICAL DEBT.— 

6 (A) Research by the Consumer Bureau has 

7 found that the inclusion of medical collections on 

8 consumer reports has unfairly reduced con9 sumers’ credit scores. 

10 (B) The Consumer Bureau’s review of 5 

11 million anonymized credit files from September 

12 2011 to September 2013, for example, found that 

13 credit scores may underestimate a person’s cred14 itworthiness by up to 10 points for those who 

15 owe medical debt, and may underestimate a per16 son’s creditworthiness by up to 22 points after 

17 the medical debt has been paid. For consumers 

18 with lower credit scores, especially those on the 

19 brink of what is considered subprime, a 10 to 22 

20 point decrease in their credit scores can have a 

21 significant impact on their lives, including by 

22 affecting whether they are able to qualify for 

23 credit and, if so, the terms and conditions under 

24 which it is extended to them. 


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1 (C) The Consumer Bureau found that half 

2 of all collections trade lines that appear on con3 sumer reports are related to medical bills 

4 claimed to be owed to hospitals and other med5 ical providers. These trade lines affect the reports 

6 of nearly 1/5 of all consumers in the credit re7 porting system. 

8 (D) The Consumer Bureau has found that 

9 there are no objective or enforceable standards 

10 that determine when a debt can or should be re11 ported as a collection trade line. Because debt 

12 buyers and collectors determine whether, when, 

13 and for how long to report a collection account, 

14 there is only a limited relationship between the 

15 time period reported, the severity of a delin16 quency, and when or whether a collection trade 

17 line appears on a consumer’s credit report. 

18 (E) Medical bills can be complex and con19 fusing for many consumers, which results in con20 sumers’ uncertainty about what they owe, to 

21 whom, when, or for what, that may cause some 

22 people, who ordinarily pay their bills on time, to 

23 delay or withhold payments on their medical 

24 debts. This uncertainty can also result in med25 ical collections appearing on consumer reports. 


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1 In a December 2014 report titled ‘‘Consumer 

2 Credit Reports: A Study of Medical and Non3 Medical Collections’’, the Consumer Bureau 

4 found that a large portion of consumers with 

5 medical collections show no other evidence of fi6 nancial distress and are consumers who ordi7 narily pay their other financial obligations on 

8 time. Unlike with most credit products or serv9 ices, such as credit cards, installment loans, util10 ities, or wireless or cable services that have con11 tractual account disclosures describing the terms 

12 and conditions of use, most consumers are not 

13 told what their out-of-pocket medical costs will be 

14 in advance. Consumers needing urgent or emer15 gency care rarely know, or are provided, the cost 

16 of a medical treatment or procedure before the 

17 service is rendered. 

18 (F) The Consumer Bureau concluded that 

19 the presence of medical collections is less pre20 dictive of future defaults or serious delinquencies 

21 than the presence of a nonmedical collection in 

22 a study titled ‘‘Data Point: Medical Debt and 

23 Credit Scores’’, issued in May 2014. 

24 (G) FICO’s latest credit scoring model, 

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1 tions to disregard any collection matters that the 

2 consumer has paid in full. FICO 9, however, is 

3 not yet widely used by lenders. 

4 (H) VantageScore’s latest credit scoring 

5 model, ‘‘VantageScore 4.0’’, will be available in 

6 the fall of 2017. This model will penalize medical 

7 collections less than non-medical ones. 

8 (I) The three nationwide CRAs entered into 

9 a settlement agreement with the New York State 

10 attorney general in 2015 to address deficiencies 

11 in their dispute resolution process and enhance 

12 the accuracy of items on reports. These policy 

13 changes will be implemented in a three-phrased 

14 rollout, culminating by June 2018. Subsequently, 

15 these CRAs entered into a cooperative agreement 

16 with 31 State Attorneys General, which was the 

17 basis of the creation of the National Consumer 

18 Assistance Plan (‘‘NCAP’’) to change some of 

19 their business practices. 

20 (J) While the CRAs appear to be volun21 tarily adopting policy changes on a nationwide 

22 basis, they are not obligated to do so for con23 sumers who reside in States that are not party 

24 to any of the consent orders. 


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1 (K) As a result of the settlement agreements, 

2 the three nationwide CRAs will set a 180-day 

3 waiting period before including medical collec4 tions on a report and will remove a medical col5 lection from a report once it is paid by an insur6 ance company. While this change will benefit 

7 many, once a medical collection appears on a re8 port, it will only be deleted or suppressed if it 

9 is found to have been the insurance company’s 

10 obligation to pay and the insurer pays it. Given 

11 the research showing there is little predictive 

12 value in medical debt information, medical col13 lections that are paid or settled should quickly be 

14 removed from a report, regardless of who pays or 

15 settles this debt. 

16 (5) FINANCIAL ABUSE BY KNOWN PERSONS.— 

17 (A) Financial abuse and exploitation are 

18 frequently associated with domestic violence. 

19 This type of abuse may result in fraudulent 

20 charges to a credit card or having fraudulent ac21 counts created by the abuser in the survivor’s 

22 name. Financial abuse may also result in the 

23 survivor’s inability to make timely payments on 

24 their valid obligations due to loss or changes in 

25 income that can occur when their abuser steals 


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1 from or coerces the survivor to relinquish their 

2 paychecks or savings. 

3 (B) By racking up substantial debts in the 

4 survivor’s name, abusers are able to exercise fi5 nancial control over their survivors to make it 

6 economically difficult for the survivor, whose 

7 credit is often destroyed, to escape the situation. 

8 (C) Domestic abuse survivors with poor 

9 credit are likely to face significant obstacles in 

10 establishing financial independence from their 

11 abusers. This can be due, in part, because con12 sumer reports may be used when a person at13 tempts to obtain a checking account, housing, in14 surance, utilities, employment, and even a secu15 rity clearance as required for certain jobs. 

16 (D) Providing documentation of identity 

17 (‘‘ID’’) theft in order to dispute information on 

18 one’s consumer report can be particularly chal19 lenging for those who know their financial 

20 abuser. 

21 (E) While it is easier for consumers who ob22 tain a police report to remove fraudulent infor23 mation from their consumer report and prevent 

24 it from reappearing in the future, according to 

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1 credit concerns may impact the capacity of a 

2 survivor of financial abuse committed by a 

3 known person to turn to law enforcement to get 

4 a police report. 

5 (F) According to the Legal Aid Society in 

6 New York, domestic abuse survivors, seeking to 

7 remove adverse information stemming from fi8 nancial abuse by contacting their furnishers di9 rectly, are likely to face skepticism about claims 

10 of ID theft perpetrated by a partner because of 

11 an assumption that they are aware of, and may 

12 have been complicit in, the activity which the 

13 survivor alleges stems from financial abuse. 

14 (6) DECEPTIVE AND MISLEADING MARKETING

15 PRACTICES.— 

16 (A) The Consumer Bureau’s February 2015 

17 report titled ‘‘Consumer Voices on Credit Reports 

18 and Scores’’ found that some consumers did not 

19 obtain a copy of their consumer report due to 

20 concerns about security or of being trapped into 

21 purchasing unwanted products like an addi22 tional report or a credit monitoring service. 

23 (B) In January 2017, the Consumer Bu24 reau fined TransUnion and Equifax for decep25 tively marketing credit scores for purchase by 


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1 consumers as the same credit scores typically 

2 used by lenders to determine creditworthiness 

3 and for luring consumers into costly subscription 

4 services that were advertised as ‘‘free’’ or ‘‘$1’’ 

5 that automatically charged recurring fees unless 

6 cancelled by consumers. The Consumer Bureau 

7 also found that Equifax was illegally advertising 

8 its products on webpages that consumers accessed 

9 through AnnualCreditReport.com before con10 sumers obtained their free disclosures. Because of 

11 these troubling practices, TransUnion was or12 dered to pay $13.9 million in restitution to 

13 harmed consumers and a civil penalty of $3 mil14 lion to the Consumer Bureau. Equifax was or15 dered to pay more than $3.7 million to affected 

16 consumers as well as a civil money penalty of 

17 $2.5 million to the Consumer Bureau. As part of 

18 the consent orders, the CRAs are also supposed 

19 to change the way that they sell their products 

20 to consumers. The CRAs must also obtain con21 sumers’ express consent before enrolling them 

22 into subscription services as well as make it 

23 easer for consumers to cancel these programs. 

24 (C) The Consumer Bureau fined the other 

25 nationwide CRA—Experian—in March 2017 for 


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1 deceiving consumers about the use of credit scores 

2 that it marketed and sold to consumers as credit 

3 scores that were used by lenders and for illegally 

4 advertising its products on web pages that con5 sumers accessed through 

6 AnnualCreditReport.com before they obtained 

7 their free annual disclosures. Experian was or8 dered to pay more than $3.7 million in restitu9 tion to harmed consumers and a civil monetary 

10 penalty of $2.5 million to the Consumer Bureau. 

11 (D) The Consumer Bureau’s January and 

12 March 2017 consent orders with the three nation13 wide CRAs show that these CRAs have enticed 

14 consumers into purchasing products and services 

15 that they may not want or need, in some in16 stances by advertising products or services ‘‘free’’ 

17 that automatically converted into an ongoing 

18 subscription service at the regular price unless 

19 cancelled by the consumer. Although these CRAs 

20 must now change their deceptive marketing prac21 tices, codifying these duties is an appropriate 

22 way to ensure that these companies never revert 

23 back to such misleading tactics. 

24 (E) Given the ubiquitous use of consumer 

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1 sumers’ participation in the credit reporting sys2 tem is involuntary, CRAs should also prioritize 

3 providing consumers with the effective means to 

4 safeguard their personal and financial informa5 tion and improve their credit standing, rather 

6 than seeking to exploit consumers’ concerns and 

7 confusion about credit reporting and scoring, to 

8 boost their companies’ profits. 

9 (F) Vulnerable consumers, who have legiti10 mate concerns about the security of their per11 sonal and financial information, deserve clear, 

12 accurate, and transparent information about the 

13 credit reporting tools that may be available to 

14 them, such as fraud alerts and freezes. 

15 (7) PROTECTIONS FOR CONSUMERS’ CREDIT IN16 FORMATION.— 

17 (A) Despite heightened awareness, incidents 

18 of ID theft continue to rise. In February 2015, 

19 the FTC reported that ID theft was the top con20 sumer complaint that it received for the 15th 

21 consecutive year. As these incidents increase, 

22 consumers experience significant financial loss 

23 and emotional distress from the inability to safe24 guard effectively and inexpensively their credit 

25 information from bad actors. 


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1 (B) According to a Carnegie Mellon study, 

2 children are 50 times more likely than adults to 

3 have their identities stolen. Child identities are 

4 valuable to thieves because most children do not 

5 have existing files, and their parents may not 

6 notice fraudulent activity until their child ap7 plies for a student loan, a job, or a credit card. 

8 As a result, the fraudulent activity of the bad ac9 tors may go undetected for years. 

10 (C) Despite the increasing incidents of chil11 dren’s ID theft, parents who want to proactively 

12 prevent their children from having their identity 

13 stolen, may not be able to do so. Only one of the 

14 three nationwide CRAs currently allows parents 

15 from any State to set up a freeze for a minor 

16 child. At the other two nationwide CRAs, par17 ents can only obtain a freeze after a child has be18 come an ID theft victim because, it is only at 

19 this point, that these CRAs have an existing 

20 credit file for the child. While many States have 

21 enacted laws to address this problem, there is no 

22 existing Federal law. 

23 (D) According to Javelin Strategy & 

24 Research’s 2015 Identity Fraud study, $16 bil25 lion was stolen by fraudsters from 12.7 million 


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1 American consumers in 2014. Similarly, the 

2 United States Department of Justice found an 

3 estimated 7 percent of all residents age 16 or 

4 older (about 17.6 million persons) in this coun5 try were victims of one or more incidents of ID 

6 theft in 2014, and the number of elderly victims 

7 age 65 or older (about 86 percent) increased 

8 from 2.1 million in 2012 to 2.6 million in 2014. 

9 (E) Consumers frequently express concern 

10 about the security of their financial information. 

11 According to a 2015 MasterCard survey, a ma12 jority of consumers (77 percent) have anxiety 

13 about the possibility that their financial infor14 mation and Social Security numbers may be sto15 len or compromised, with about 55 percent of 

16 consumers indicating that they would rather 

17 have naked pictures of themselves leaked online 

18 than have their financial information stolen. 

19 (F) That survey also revealed that con20 sumers’ fears about the online security of their 

21 financial information even outweighed con22 sumers’ worries about other physical security 

23 dangers such as having their houses robbed (59 

24 percent) or being pickpocketed (46 percent). 


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1 (G) According to Consumer Reports, rough2 ly 50 million American consumers spent about 

3 $3.5 billion in 2010 to purchase products aimed 

4 at protecting their identity, with the annual cost 

5 of these services ranging from $120 to $300. As 

6 risks to consumers’ personal and financial infor7 mation continue to grow, consumers need addi8 tional protections to ensure that they have fair 

9 and reasonable access to the full suite of ID theft 

10 and fraud prevention measures that may be 

11 right for them. 

12 SEC. 3. EFFECTIVE DATE. 

13 Except as otherwise specified, the amendments made 

14 by this Act shall take effect 2 years after the date of the 

15 enactment of this Act. 

16 SEC. 4. GENERAL BUREAU RULEMAKING. 

17 Except as otherwise provided, not later than the end 

18 of the 2-year period beginning on the date of the enactment 

19 of this Act, the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection 

20 shall issue final rules to implement the amendments made 

21 by this Act. 


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1 TITLE I—RESTORING THE IM2 PAIRED CREDIT OF VICTIMS 

3 OF PREDATORY ACTIVITIES 

4 AND UNFAIR CONSUMER RE5 PORTING PRACTICES 

6 SEC. 101. SHORTENS THE TIME PERIOD THAT MOST AD7 VERSE CREDIT INFORMATION STAYS ON CON8 SUMER REPORTS. 

9 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 605 of the Fair Credit Re10 porting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681c) is amended— 

11 (1) in subsection (a)— 

12 (A) by striking ‘‘Except as authorized under 

13 subsection (b), no’’ and inserting ‘‘No’’; 

14 (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘10 

15 years’’ and inserting ‘‘7 years’’; 

16 (C) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘Civil 

17 suits, civil judgments, and records’’ and insert18 ing ‘‘Records’’; 

19 (D) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘seven 

20 years’’ and inserting ‘‘4 years’’; 

21 (E) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘seven 

22 years’’ and inserting ‘‘4 years, except as pro23 vided in paragraph (8), (10), (11), (12), or (13), 

24 or as required by section 605C, 605D, 605E, or 

25 605F’’; 


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1 (F) in paragraph (5)— 

2 (i) by striking ‘‘, other than records of 

3 convictions of crimes’’; and 

4 (ii) by striking ‘‘seven years’’ and in5 serting ‘‘4 years, except as required by sec6 tion 605C, 605D, 605E, or 605F’’; and 

7 (G) by adding at the end the following new 

8 paragraphs: 

9 ‘‘(9) Civil suits and civil judgments (except as 

10 provided in paragraph (8)) that, from date of entry, 

11 antedate the report by more than 4 years or until the 

12 governing statute of limitations has expired, which13 ever is the longer period. 

14 ‘‘(10) A civil suit or civil judgment— 

15 ‘‘(A) brought by a private education loan 

16 holder that, from the date of successful comple17 tion of credit restoration or rehabilitation in ac18 cordance with the requirements of section 605D 

19 or 605E, antedates the report by 45 calendar 

20 days; or 

21 ‘‘(B) brought by a lender with respect to a 

22 covered residential mortgage loan that antedates 

23 the report by 45 calendar days. 

24 ‘‘(11) Records of convictions of crimes which 

25 antedate the report by more than 7 years. 


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1 ‘‘(12) Any other adverse item of information re2 lating to the collection of debt that did not arise from 

3 a contract or an agreement to pay by a consumer, in4 cluding fines, tickets, and other assessments, as deter5 mined by the Bureau, excluding tax liability.’’; 

6 (2) by striking subsection (b) and redesignating 

7 subsections (c) through (h) as subsections (b) through 

8 (g), respectively; and 

9 (3) in subsection (b) (as so redesignated), by 

10 striking ‘‘7-year period referred to in paragraphs (4) 

11 and (6)’’ and inserting ‘‘4-year period referred to in 

12 paragraphs (4) and (5)’’. 

13 (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—The Fair Credit Re14 porting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681) is amended— 

15 (1) in section 616(d), by striking ‘‘section 

16 605(g)’’ each place that term appears and inserting 

17 ‘‘section 605(f)’’; and 

18 (2) in section 625(b)(5)(A), by striking ‘‘section 

19 605(g)’’ and inserting ‘‘section 605(f)’’. 

20 SEC. 102. MANDATES THE EXPEDITED REMOVAL OF FULLY 

21 PAID OR SETTLED DEBT FROM CONSUMER 

22 REPORTS. 

23 Section 605(a) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 

24 U.S.C. 1681c(a)), as amended by section 101(a)(1), is furVerDate Sep 11 2014 21:13 Dec 23, 2019 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\H3622.RH H3622

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1 ther amended by adding at the end the following new para2 graph: 

3 ‘‘(13) Any other adverse item of information re4 lated to a fully paid or settled debt that had been 

5 characterized as delinquent, charged off, or in collec6 tion which, from the date of payment or settlement, 

7 antedates the report by more than 45 calendar days.’’. 

8 SEC. 103. IMPOSES RESTRICTIONS ON THE APPEARANCE OF 

9 MEDICAL COLLECTIONS ON CONSUMER RE10 PORTS AND REQUIRES THE EXPEDITED RE11 MOVAL OF FULLY PAID OR SETTLED MEDICAL 

12 COLLECTIONS FROM CONSUMER REPORTS. 

13 (a) REMOVAL OF FULLY PAID OR SETTLED MEDICAL

14 DEBT FROM CONSUMER REPORTS.—Section 605(a) of the 

15 Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681c(a)), as amend16 ed by section 102, is further amended by adding at the end 

17 the following new paragraph: 

18 ‘‘(14) Any other adverse item of information re19 lated to a fully paid or settled debt arising from the 

20 receipt of medical services, products, or devices that 

21 had been characterized as delinquent, charged off, or 

22 in collection which, from the date of payment or set23 tlement, antedates the report by more than 45 cal24 endar days.’’. 


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1 (b) ESTABLISHING AN EXTENDED TIME PERIOD BE2 FORE CERTAIN MEDICAL DEBT INFORMATION MAY BE RE3 PORTED.—Section 605(a) of such Act is further amended 

4 by adding at the end the following new paragraph: 

5 ‘‘(15) Any information related to a debt arising 

6 from the receipt of medical services, products, or de7 vices, if the date on which such debt was placed for 

8 collection, charged to profit or loss, or subjected to 

9 any similar action antedates the report by less than 

10 365 calendar days.’’. 

11 (c) PROHIBITION ON REPORTING MEDICALLY NEC12 ESSARY PROCEDURES.—Section 605(a) of such Act is fur13 ther amended by adding at the end the following new para14 graph: 

15 ‘‘(16) Any information related to a debt arising 

16 from a medically necessary procedure.’’. 

17 (d) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—Section 604(g)(1)(C) of 

18 the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681b(g)(1)(C)) 

19 is further amended by striking ‘‘devises’’ and inserting ‘‘de20 vices’’. 


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1 SEC. 104. PROVIDES CREDIT RESTORATION FOR VICTIMS 

2 OF PREDATORY MORTGAGE LENDING AND 

3 SERVICING. 

4 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 

5 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 

6 605B the following new section: 

7 ‘‘§ 605C. Credit restoration for victims of predatory 

8 mortgage lending 

9 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—A consumer reporting agency may 

10 not furnish any consumer report containing any adverse 

11 item of information relating to a covered residential mort12 gage loan (including the origination and servicing of such 

13 a loan, any loss mitigation activities related to such a loan, 

14 and any foreclosure, deed in lieu of foreclosure, or short sale 

15 related to such a loan), if the action or inaction to which 

16 the item of information relates— 

17 ‘‘(1) resulted from an unfair, deceptive, or abu18 sive act or practice, or a fraudulent, discriminatory, 

19 or illegal activity of a financial institution, as deter20 mined by the Bureau or a court of competent jurisdic21 tion; or 

22 ‘‘(2) is related to an unfair, deceptive, or abusive 

23 act, practice, or a fraudulent, discriminatory, or ille24 gal activity of a financial institution that is the sub25 ject of a settlement agreement initiated on behalf of 

26 a consumer or consumers and that is between the fiVerDate Sep 11 2014 21:13 Dec 23, 2019 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\H3622.RH H3622

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1 nancial institution and an agency or department of 

2 a local, State, or Federal Government, regardless of 

3 whether such settlement includes an admission of 

4 wrongdoing. 

5 ‘‘(b) COVERED RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE LOAN DE6 FINED.—In this section, the term ‘covered residential mort7 gage loan’ means any loan primarily for personal, family, 

8 or household use that is secured by a mortgage, deed of trust, 

9 or other equivalent consensual security interest on a dwell10 ing (as defined in section 103(w) of the Truth in Lending 

11 Act), including a loan in which the proceeds will be used 

12 for— 

13 ‘‘(1) a manufactured home (as defined in section 

14 603 of the Housing and Community Development Act 

15 of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5402)); 

16 ‘‘(2) any installment sales contract, land con17 tract, or contract for deed on a residential property; 

18 or 

19 ‘‘(3) a reverse mortgage transaction (as defined 

20 in section 103 of the Truth in Lending Act).’’. 

21 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS AMENDMENT.—The table of 

22 contents of the Fair Credit Reporting Act is amended by 

23 inserting after the item relating to section 605B the fol24 lowing new item: 

‘‘605C. Credit restoration for victims of predatory mortgage lending.’’. 


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1 (c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this 

2 section shall take effect at the end of the 18-month period 

3 beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act. 

4 SEC. 105. PROVIDES CREDIT RELIEF FOR PRIVATE EDU5 CATION LOANS BORROWERS WHO WERE DE6 FRAUDED OR MISLEAD BY PROPRIETARY 

7 EDUCATION INSTITUTION OR CAREER EDU8 CATION PROGRAMS. 

9 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 

10 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.), as amended by section 104, is further 

11 amended by inserting after section 605C the following new 

12 section: 

13 ‘‘§ 605D. Private education loan credit restoration for 

14 defrauded student borrowers who attend 

15 certain proprietary educational institu16 tion or career education programs 

17 ‘‘(a) PROCESS FOR CERTIFICATION AS A QUALIFYING

18 PRIVATE EDUCATION LOAN BORROWER.— 

19 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A consumer may submit a 

20 request to the Bureau, along with a defraudment 

21 claim, to be certified as a qualifying private edu22 cation loan borrower with respect to a private edu23 cation loan. 

24 ‘‘(2) CERTIFICATION.—The Bureau shall certify 

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1 fying private education loan borrower with respect to 

2 a private education loan if the Bureau or a court of 

3 competent jurisdiction determines that the consumer 

4 has a valid defraudment claim with respect to such 

5 loan. 

6 ‘‘(b) REMOVAL OF ADVERSE INFORMATION.—Upon re7 ceipt of a notice described in subsection (d)(5), a consumer 

8 reporting agency shall remove any adverse information re9 lating to any private education loan with respect to which 

10 a consumer is a qualifying private education loan borrower 

11 from any consumer report within 45 calendar days of re12 ceipt of such notification. 

13 ‘‘(c) DISCLOSURE.—The Bureau shall disclose the re14 sults of a certification determination in writing to the con15 sumer that provides a clear and concise explanation of the 

16 basis for the determination of whether such consumer is a 

17 qualifying private education loan borrower with respect to 

18 a private education loan and, as applicable, an explanation 

19 of the consumer’s right to have adverse information relating 

20 to such loan removed from their consumer report by a con21 sumer reporting agency. 

22 ‘‘(d) PROCEDURES.—The Bureau shall— 

23 ‘‘(1) establish procedures for a consumer to sub24 mit a request described in subsection (a); 


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1 ‘‘(2) establish procedures to efficiently review, ac2 cept, and process such a request; 

3 ‘‘(3) develop ongoing outreach initiatives and 

4 education programs to inform consumers of the cir5 cumstances under which such consumer may be eligi6 ble to be certified as a qualifying private education 

7 loan borrower with respect to a private education 

8 loan; 

9 ‘‘(4) establish procedures, including the manner, 

10 form, and content of the notice informing a private 

11 educational loan holder of the prohibition on report12 ing any adverse information relating to a private 

13 education loan with respect to which a consumer is 

14 a qualifying private education loan borrower; and 

15 ‘‘(5) establish procedures, including the manner, 

16 form, and content of the notice informing a consumer 

17 reporting agency of the obligation to remove any ad18 verse information as described in subsection (c). 

19 ‘‘(e) STANDARDIZED REPORTING CODES.—A consumer 

20 reporting agency shall develop standardized reporting codes 

21 for use by private education loan holders to identify and 

22 report a qualifying private education loan borrower’s status 

23 of a request to remove any adverse information relating to 

24 any private education loan with respect to which such con25 sumer is a qualifying private education loan borrower. A 


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1 consumer report in which a person furnishes such codes 

2 shall be deemed to comply with the requirements for accu3 racy and completeness required under sections 623(a)(1) 

4 and 630. Such codes shall not appear on any report pro5 vided to a third party, and shall be removed from the con6 sumer’s credit report upon the successful restoration of the 

7 consumer’s credit under this section. 

8 ‘‘(f) DEFRAUDMENT CLAIM DEFINED.—For purposes 

9 of this section, the term ‘defraudment claim’ means a claim 

10 made with respect to a consumer who is a borrower of a 

11 private education loan with respect to a proprietary edu12 cational institution or career education program in which 

13 the consumer alleges that— 

14 ‘‘(1) the proprietary educational institution or 

15 career education program— 

16 ‘‘(A) engaged in an unfair, deceptive, or 

17 abusive act or practice, or a fraudulent, dis18 criminatory, or illegal activity— 

19 ‘‘(i) as defined by State law of the 

20 State in which the proprietary educational 

21 institution or career education program is 

22 headquartered or maintains or maintained 

23 significant operations; or 

24 ‘‘(ii) under Federal law; 


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1 ‘‘(B) is the subject of an enforcement order, 

2 a settlement agreement, a memorandum of un3 derstanding, a suspension of tuition assistance, 

4 or any other action relating to an unfair, decep5 tive, or abusive act or practice that is between 

6 the proprietary educational institution or career 

7 education program and an agency or department 

8 of a local, State, or Federal Government; or 

9 ‘‘(C) misrepresented facts to students or ac10 crediting agencies or associations about gradua11 tion or gainful employment rates in recognized 

12 occupations or failed to provide the coursework 

13 necessary for students to successfully obtain a 

14 professional certification or degree from the pro15 prietary educational institution or career edu16 cation program; or 

17 ‘‘(2) the consumer has submitted a valid defense 

18 to repayment claim with respect to such loan, as de19 termined by the Secretary of Education.’’. 

20 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS AMENDMENT.—The table of 

21 contents of the Fair Credit Reporting Act is amended by 

22 inserting after the item relating to section 605C (as added 

23 by section 104) the following new item: 

‘‘605D. Private education loan credit restoration for defrauded student borrowers 

who attend certain proprietary educational institution or career 

education programs.’’. 


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1 SEC. 106. ESTABLISHES RIGHT FOR VICTIMS OF FINANCIAL 

2 ABUSE TO HAVE ADVERSE INFORMATION AS3 SOCIATED WITH AN ABUSER’S FRAUDULENT 

4 ACTIVITY REMOVED FROM THEIR CONSUMER 

5 REPORTS. 

6 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 

7 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.), as amended by section 105, is further 

8 amended by inserting after section 605D the following new 

9 section: 

10 ‘‘§ 605E. Financial abuse prevention 

11 ‘‘For a consumer who is the victim of intentionally 

12 abusive or harmful financial behavior, as determined by a 

13 court of competent jurisdiction including a family court, 

14 juvenile court, or other court with personal jurisdiction, 

15 that was conducted by a spouse, family or household mem16 ber, caregiver, or person with whom such consumer had a 

17 dating relationship in a manner which resulted in the in18 clusion of an adverse item of information on the consumer 

19 report of the consumer, and the consumer did not partici20 pate in or consent to such behavior, the consumer may 

21 apply to a court of competent jurisdiction, including a fam22 ily court, juvenile court, or other court with personal juris23 diction, for an order to require the removal of such adverse 

24 information from the consumer’s file maintained by any 

25 consumer reporting agency.’’. 


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1 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS AMENDMENT.—The table of 

2 contents of the Fair Credit Reporting Act is amended by 

3 inserting after the item relating to section 605D the fol4 lowing new item: 

‘‘605E. Financial abuse prevention.’’. 

5 SEC. 107. PROHIBITS TREATMENT OF CREDIT RESTORA6 TION OR REHABILITATION AS ADVERSE IN7 FORMATION. 

8 The Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.) 

9 is amended— 

10 (1) by adding at the end the following new sec11 tion: 

12 ‘‘§ 630. Prohibition of certain factors related to Fed13 eral credit restoration or rehabilitation 

14 ‘‘(a) RESTRICTION ON CREDIT SCORING MODELS.—A 

15 credit scoring model may not— 

16 ‘‘(1) take into consideration, in a manner ad17 verse to a consumer’s credit score or educational cred18 it score, any information in a consumer report con19 cerning the consumer’s participation in credit res20 toration or rehabilitation under section 605C, 605D, 

21 or 605E; or 

22 ‘‘(2) treat negatively, in a manner adverse to a 

23 consumer’s credit score or educational credit score, the 

24 absence of payment history data for an existing ac25 count, whether the account is open or closed, where 


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1 the absence of such information is the result of a con2 sumer’s participation in credit restoration or reha3 bilitation under section 605C, 605D, or 605E. 

4 ‘‘(b) RESTRICTION ON PERSONS OBTAINING CON5 SUMER REPORTS.—A person who obtains a consumer re6 port may not— 

7 ‘‘(1) take into consideration, in a manner ad8 verse to a consumer, any information in a consumer 

9 report concerning the consumer’s participation in 

10 credit restoration or rehabilitation under section 

11 605C, 605D, or 605E; or 

12 ‘‘(2) treat negatively the absence of payment his13 tory data for an existing account, whether the account 

14 is open or closed, where the absence of such informa15 tion is the result of a consumer’s participation in 

16 credit restoration or rehabilitation under section 

17 605C, 605D, or 605E. 

18 ‘‘(c) ACCURACY AND COMPLETENESS.—If a person who 

19 furnishes information to a consumer reporting agency re20 quests the removal of information from a consumer report 

21 or a consumer reporting agency removes information from 

22 a consumer report in compliance with the requirements 

23 under section 605C, 605D, or 605E, or such information 

24 was removed pursuant at section 605(a)(11), such report 


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1 shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements for accuracy and 

2 completeness with respect to such information. 

3 ‘‘(d) PROHIBITION RELATED TO ADVERSE ACTIONS

4 AND RISK-BASED PRICING DECISIONS.—No person shall 

5 use information related to a consumer’s participation in 

6 credit restoration or rehabilitation under section 605C, 

7 605D, or 605E in connection with any determination of— 

8 ‘‘(1) the consumer’s eligibility or continued eligi9 bility for an extension of credit; 

10 ‘‘(2) the terms and conditions offered to a con11 sumer regarding an extension of credit; or 

12 ‘‘(3) an adverse action made for employment 

13 purposes.’’; and 

14 (2) in the table of contents for such Act, by add15 ing at the end the following new item: 

‘‘630. Prohibition of certain factors related to Federal credit restoration or rehabilitation.’’. 


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1 TITLE II—EXPANDING ACCESS 

2 TO TOOLS TO PROTECT VUL3 NERABLE CONSUMERS FROM 

4 IDENTITY THEFT, FRAUD, OR 

5 A RELATED CRIME, AND PRO6 TECT VICTIMS FROM FUR7 THER HARM 

8 SEC. 201. IDENTITY THEFT REPORT DEFINITION. 

9 Paragraph (4) of section 603(q) of the Fair Credit Re10 porting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681a(q)(4)) is amended to read as 

11 follows: 

12 ‘‘(4) IDENTITY THEFT REPORT.—The term ‘iden13 tity theft report’ has the meaning given that term by 

14 rule of the Bureau, and means, at a minimum, a re15 port— 

16 ‘‘(A) that is a standardized affidavit that 

17 alleges that a consumer has been a victim of 

18 identity theft, fraud, or a related crime, or has 

19 been harmed by the unauthorized disclosure of 

20 the consumer’s financial or personally identifi21 able information, that was developed and made 

22 available by the Bureau; or 

23 ‘‘(B)(i) that alleges an identity theft, fraud, 

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1 authorized disclosure of the consumer’s financial 

2 or personally identifiable information; 

3 ‘‘(ii) that is a copy of an official, valid re4 port filed by a consumer with an appropriate 

5 Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency, 

6 including the United States Postal Inspection 

7 Service, or such other government agency deemed 

8 appropriate by the Bureau; and 

9 ‘‘(iii) the filing of which subjects the person 

10 filing the report to criminal penalties relating to 

11 the filing of false information if, in fact, the in12 formation in the report is false.’’. 

13 SEC. 202. AMENDMENT TO PROTECTION FOR FILES AND 

14 CREDIT RECORDS OF PROTECTED CON15 SUMERS. 

16 (a) AMENDMENT TO DEFINITION OF ‘‘FILE’’.—Section 

17 603(g) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 

18 1681a(g)) is amended by inserting ‘‘, except that such term 

19 excludes a record created pursuant to section 605A(j)’’ after 

20 ‘‘stored’’. 

21 (b) AMENDMENT TO PROTECTION FOR FILES AND

22 CREDIT RECORDS.—Section 605A(j) of the Fair Credit Re23 porting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681c–1(j)) is amended— 

24 (1) in paragraph (1)— 


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1 (A) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by striking 

2 ‘‘an incapacitated person or a protected person’’ 

3 and inserting ‘‘a person’’; and 

4 (B) by amending subparagraph (E) to read 

5 as follows: 

6 ‘‘(E) The term ‘security freeze’— 

7 ‘‘(i) has the meaning given in sub8 section (i)(1)(C); and 

9 ‘‘(ii) with respect to a protected con10 sumer for whom the consumer reporting 

11 agency does not have a file, means a record 

12 that is subject to a security freeze that a 

13 consumer reporting agency is prohibited 

14 from disclosing to any person requesting the 

15 consumer report for the purpose of opening 

16 a new account involving the extension of 

17 credit.’’; and 

18 (2) in paragraph (4)(D), by striking ‘‘a pro19 tected consumer or a protected consumer’s representa20 tive under subparagraph (A)(i)’’ and inserting ‘‘a 

21 protected consumer described under subparagraph 

22 (A)(ii) or a protected consumer’s representative’’. 

23 SEC. 203. ENHANCES FRAUD ALERT PROTECTIONS. 

24 Section 605A of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 

25 U.S.C. 1681c–1) is amended— 


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1 (1) in subsection (a)— 

2 (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 

3 ‘‘ONE-CALL’’ and inserting ‘‘ONE-YEAR’’; 

4 (B) in paragraph (1)— 

5 (i) in the paragraph heading, by strik6 ing ‘‘INITIAL ALERTS’’ and inserting ‘‘IN

7 GENERAL’’; 

8 (ii) by inserting ‘‘or harmed by the un9 authorized disclosure of the consumer’s fi10 nancial or personally identifiable informa11 tion,’’ after ‘‘identity theft,’’; 

12 (iii) in subparagraph (A), by striking 

13 ‘‘and’’ at the end; 

14 (iv) in subparagraph (B)— 

15 (I) by inserting ‘‘1-year’’ before 

16 ‘‘fraud alert’’; and 

17 (II) by striking the period at the 

18 end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

19 (v) by adding at the end the following 

20 new subparagraph: 

21 ‘‘(C) upon the expiration of the 1-year pe22 riod described in subparagraph (A) or a subse23 quent 1-year period, and in response to a direct 

24 request by the consumer or such representative, 

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1 tional year if the information asserted in this 

2 paragraph remains applicable.’’; and 

3 (C) in paragraph (2)— 

4 (i) in the paragraph heading, by in5 serting ‘‘AND CREDIT OR EDUCATIONAL

6 CREDIT SCORES’’ after ‘‘REPORTS’’; 

7 (ii) by inserting ‘‘1-year’’ before ‘‘fraud 

8 alert’’; 

9 (iii) in subparagraph (A), by inserting 

10 ‘‘and credit score or educational credit 

11 score’’ after ‘‘file’’; and 

12 (iv) in subparagraph (B), by striking 

13 ‘‘any request described in subparagraph 

14 (A)’’ and inserting ‘‘the consumer reporting 

15 agency includes the 1-year fraud alert in 

16 the file of a consumer’’; 

17 (2) in subsection (b)— 

18 (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 

19 ‘‘EXTENDED’’ and inserting ‘‘SEVEN-YEAR’’; 

20 (B) in paragraph (1)— 

21 (i) in subparagraph (B)— 

22 (I) by striking ‘‘5-year period be23 ginning on the date of such request’’ 

24 and inserting ‘‘such 7-year period’’; 

25 and 


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1 (II) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 

2 (ii) in subparagraph (C)— 

3 (I) by striking ‘‘extended’’ and in4 serting ‘‘7-year’’; and 

5 (II) by striking the period at the 

6 end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

7 (iii) by adding at the end the following 

8 new subparagraph: 

9 ‘‘(D) upon the expiration of such 7-year pe10 riod or a subsequent 7-year period, and in re11 sponse to a direct request by the consumer or 

12 such representative, continue the fraud alert for 

13 a period of 7 additional years if the consumer or 

14 such representative submits an updated identity 

15 theft report.’’; and 

16 (C) in paragraph (2)— 

17 (i) in the paragraph heading, by in18 serting ‘‘AND CREDIT OR EDUCATIONAL

19 CREDIT SCORES’’ after ‘‘REPORTS’’; and 

20 (ii) by amending subparagraph (A) to 

21 read as follows: 

22 ‘‘(A) disclose to the consumer that the con23 sumer may request a free copy of the file and 

24 credit score or educational credit score of the 

25 consumer pursuant to section 612(d) during each 


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1 12-month period beginning on the date on which 

2 the 7-year fraud alert was included in the file 

3 and ending on the date of the last day that the 

4 7-year fraud alert applies to the consumer’s file; 

5 and’’; 

6 (3) in subsection (c)— 

7 (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘or edu8 cational credit score’’ after ‘‘credit score’’; 

9 (B) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), 

10 and (3), as subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), re11 spectively (and conforming the margins accord12 ingly); 

13 (C) by striking ‘‘Upon the direct request’’ 

14 and inserting: 

15 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Upon the direct request’’; 

16 and 

17 (D) by adding at the end the following new 

18 paragraph: 

19 ‘‘(2) ACCESS TO FREE REPORTS AND CREDIT OR

20 EDUCATIONAL CREDIT SCORES.—If a consumer re21 porting agency includes an active duty alert in the 

22 file of an active duty military consumer, the con23 sumer reporting agency shall— 

24 ‘‘(A) disclose to the active duty military 

25 consumer that the active duty military consumer 


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1 may request a free copy of the file and credit 

2 score or educational credit score of the active 

3 duty military consumer pursuant to section 

4 612(d), during each 12-month period beginning 

5 on the date that the activity duty military alert 

6 is requested and ending on the date of the last 

7 day the active duty alert applies to the file of the 

8 active duty military consumer; and 

9 ‘‘(B) provide to the active duty military 

10 consumer all disclosures required to be made 

11 under section 609, without charge to the con12 sumer, not later than 3 business days after any 

13 request described in subparagraph (A).’’; 

14 (4) by amending subsection (d) to read as fol15 lows: 

16 ‘‘(d) PROCEDURES.—Each consumer reporting agency 

17 described in section 603(p) shall include on the webpage re18 quired under subsection (i) policies and procedures to com19 ply with this section, including policies and procedures— 

20 ‘‘(1) that inform consumers of the availability of 

21 1-year fraud alerts, 7-year fraud alerts, active duty 

22 alerts, and security freezes (as applicable); 

23 ‘‘(2) that allow consumers to request 1-year 

24 fraud alerts, 7-year fraud alerts, and active duty 

25 alerts (as applicable) and to place, temporarily lift, 


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1 or fully remove a security freeze in a simple and easy 

2 manner; and 

3 ‘‘(3) for asserting in good faith a suspicion that 

4 the consumer has been or is about to become a victim 

5 of identity theft, fraud, or a related crime, or harmed 

6 by the unauthorized disclosure of the consumer’s fi7 nancial or personally identifiable information, for a 

8 consumer seeking a 1-year fraud alert or security 

9 freeze.’’; 

10 (5) in subsection (e), by inserting ‘‘1-year or 7- 

11 year’’ before ‘‘fraud alert’’; 

12 (6) in subsection (f), by striking ‘‘or active duty 

13 alert’’ and inserting ‘‘active duty alert, or security 

14 freeze (as applicable)’’; 

15 (7) in subsection (g)— 

16 (A) by inserting ‘‘or has been harmed by the 

17 unauthorized disclosure of the consumer’s finan18 cial or personally identifiable information, or to 

19 inform such agency of the consumer’s participa20 tion in credit restoration or rehabilitation under 

21 section 605C, 605D, or 605E,’’ after ‘‘identity 

22 theft,’’; and 

23 (B) by inserting ‘‘or security freezes’’ after 

24 ‘‘request alerts’’; 

25 (8) in subsection (h)— 


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1 (A) in paragraph (1)— 

2 (i) in the paragraph heading, by strik3 ing ‘‘INITIAL’’ and inserting ‘‘1-YEAR’’; and 

4 (ii) by striking ‘‘initial’’ and inserting 

5 ‘‘1-year’’ each place such term appears; and 

6 (B) in paragraph (2)— 

7 (i) in the paragraph heading, by strik8 ing ‘‘EXTENDED’’ and inserting ‘‘7-YEAR’’; 

9 and 

10 (ii) by striking ‘‘extended’’ and insert11 ing ‘‘7-year’’ each place such term appears; 

12 and 

13 (9) in subsection (i)(4)— 

14 (A) by striking subparagraphs (E) and (I); 

15 and 

16 (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (F), 

17 (G), (H), and (J) as subparagraphs (E), (F), 

18 (G), and (H), respectively. 

19 SEC. 204. AMENDMENT TO SECURITY FREEZES FOR CON20 SUMER REPORTS. 

21 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 605A(i) of the Fair Credit 

22 Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681c–1(i)) is amended— 

23 (1) by amending the subsection heading to read 

24 as follows: ‘‘SECURITY FREEZES FOR CONSUMER RE25 PORTS’’; 


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1 (2) in paragraph (3)(E), by striking ‘‘Upon re2 ceiving’’ and all that follows through ‘‘subparagraph 

3 (C),’’ and inserting ‘‘Upon receiving a direct request 

4 from a consumer for a temporary removal of a secu5 rity freeze, a consumer reporting agency shall’’; and 

6 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

7 ‘‘(7) RELATION TO STATE LAW.—This subsection 

8 does not modify or supersede the laws of any State re9 lating to security freezes or other similar actions, ex10 cept to the extent those laws are inconsistent with any 

11 provision of this title, and then only to the extent of 

12 the inconsistency. For purposes of this subsection, a 

13 term or provision of a State law is not inconsistent 

14 with the provisions of this subsection if the term or 

15 provision affords greater protection to the consumer 

16 than the protection provided under this subsection as 

17 determined by the Bureau.’’. 

18 (b) AMENDMENT TO WEBPAGE REQUIREMENTS.—Sec19 tion 605A(i)(6)(A) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 

20 U.S.C. 1681c–1(i)(6)(A)) is amended— 

21 (1) in clause (ii), by striking ‘‘initial fraud 

22 alert’’ and inserting ‘‘1-year fraud alert’’; 

23 (2) in clause (iii), by striking ‘‘extended fraud 

24 alert’’ and inserting ‘‘7-year fraud alert’’; and 

25 (3) in clause (iv), by striking ‘‘fraud’’. 


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1 (c) AMENDMENT TO EXCEPTIONS FOR CERTAIN PER2 SONS.—Section 605A(i)(4)(A) of the Consumer Credit Pro3 tection Act (15 U.S.C. 1681c–1(i)(4)(A)) is amended to read 

4 as follows: 

5 ‘‘(A) A person, or the person’s subsidiary, 

6 affiliate, agent, subcontractor, or assignee with 

7 whom the consumer has, or prior to assignment 

8 had, an authorized account, contract, or debtor9 creditor relationship for the purposes of review10 ing the active account or collecting the financial 

11 obligation owed on the account, contract, or 

12 debt.’’. 

13 (e) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by sub14 section (a) shall take effect on the date of the enactment 

15 of this Act. 

16 SEC. 205. CLARIFICATION OF INFORMATION TO BE IN17 CLUDED WITH AGENCY DISCLOSURES. 

18 Section 609(c)(2) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 1681g(c)(2)) 

19 is amended— 

20 (1) in subparagraph (B)— 

21 (A) by striking ‘‘consumer reporting agency 

22 described in section 603(p)’’ and inserting ‘‘con23 sumer reporting agency described in subsection 

24 (p) or (x) of section 603’’; 


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1 (B) by striking ‘‘the agency’’ and inserting 

2 ‘‘such an agency’’; and 

3 (C) by inserting ‘‘and an Internet website 

4 address’’ after ‘‘hours’’; and 

5 (2) in subparagraph (E), by striking ‘‘outdated 

6 under section 605 or’’ and inserting ‘‘outdated, re7 quired to be removed, or’’. 

8 SEC. 206. PROVIDES ACCESS TO FRAUD RECORDS FOR VIC9 TIMS. 

10 Section 609(e) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 

11 U.S.C. 1681g(e)) is amended— 

12 (1) in paragraph (1)— 

13 (A) by striking ‘‘resulting from identity 

14 theft’’; 

15 (B) by striking ‘‘claim of identity theft’’ 

16 and inserting ‘‘claim of fraudulent activity’’; 

17 and 

18 (C) by striking ‘‘any transaction alleged to 

19 be a result of identity theft’’ and inserting ‘‘any 

20 fraudulent transaction’’; 

21 (2) in paragraph (2)(B)— 

22 (A) by striking ‘‘identity theft, at the elec23 tion of the business entity’’ and inserting ‘‘fraud24 ulent activity’’; 


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1 (B) by amending clause (i) to read as fol2 lows: 

3 ‘‘(i) a copy of an identity theft report; 

4 or’’; and 

5 (C) by amending clause (ii) to read as fol6 lows: 

7 ‘‘(ii) an affidavit of fact that is accept8 able to the business entity for that pur9 pose.’’; 

10 (3) in paragraph (3)(C), by striking ‘‘identity 

11 theft’’ and inserting ‘‘fraudulent activity’’; 

12 (4) by striking paragraph (8) and redesignating 

13 paragraphs (9) through (13) as paragraphs (8) 

14 through (12), respectively; and 

15 (5) in paragraph (10) (as so redesignated), by 

16 striking ‘‘or a similar crime’’ and inserting ‘‘, fraud, 

17 or a related crime’’. 

18 SEC. 207. REQUIRED BUREAU TO SET PROCEDURES FOR RE19 PORTING IDENTITY THEFT, FRAUD, AND 

20 OTHER RELATED CRIME. 

21 Section 621(f)(2) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 

22 U.S.C. 1681s(f)(2)) is amended— 

23 (1) in the paragraph heading, by striking 

24 ‘‘MODEL FORM’’ and inserting ‘‘STANDARDIZED AFFI25 DAVIT’’; 


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1 (2) by striking ‘‘The Commission’’ and inserting 

2 ‘‘The Bureau’’; 

3 (3) by striking ‘‘model form’’ and inserting 

4 ‘‘standardized affidavit’’; 

5 (4) by inserting after ‘‘identity theft’’ the fol6 lowing: ‘‘, fraud, or a related crime, or otherwise are 

7 harmed by the unauthorized disclosure of the con8 sumer’s financial or personally identifiable informa9 tion,’’; and 

10 (5) by striking ‘‘fraud.’’ and inserting ‘‘identity 

11 theft, fraud, or other related crime. Such standardized 

12 affidavit and procedures shall not include a require13 ment that a consumer obtain a police report.’’. 

14 SEC. 208. ESTABLISHES THE RIGHT TO FREE CREDIT MONI15 TORING AND IDENTITY THEFT PROTECTION 

16 SERVICES FOR CERTAIN CONSUMERS. 

17 (a) ENFORCEMENT OF CREDIT MONITORING FOR

18 SERVICEMEMBERS.— 

19 (1) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (k) of section 605A 

20 (15 U.S.C. 1681c–1(a)) is amended by striking para21 graph (4). 

22 (2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This subsection and the 

23 amendments made by this subsection shall take effect 

24 on the date of the enactment of this Act. 


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1 (b) FREE CREDIT MONITORING AND IDENTITY THEFT

2 PROTECTION SERVICES FOR CERTAIN CONSUMERS.—Sub3 section (k) of section 605A (15 U.S.C. 1681c–1), is amended 

4 to read as follows: 

5 ‘‘(k) CREDIT MONITORING AND IDENTITY THEFT PRO6 TECTION SERVICES.— 

7 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Upon the direct request of a 

8 consumer, a consumer reporting agency described in 

9 section 603(p) that maintains a file on the consumer 

10 and has received appropriate proof of the identity of 

11 the requester (as described in section 1022.123 of title 

12 12, Code of Federal Regulations) shall provide the 

13 consumer with credit monitoring and identity theft 

14 protection services not later than 1 business day after 

15 receiving such request sent by postal mail, toll-free 

16 telephone, or secure electronic means as established by 

17 the agency. 

18 ‘‘(2) FEES.— 

19 ‘‘(A) CLASSES OF CONSUMERS.—The Bu20 reau may establish classes of consumers eligible 

21 to receive credit monitoring and identity theft 

22 protection services free of charge. 

23 ‘‘(B) NO FEE.—A consumer reporting agen24 cy described in section 603(p) may not charge a 

25 consumer a fee to receive credit monitoring and 


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1 identity theft protection services if the consumer 

2 or a representative of the consumer— 

3 ‘‘(i) asserts in good faith a suspicion 

4 that the consumer has been or is about to 

5 become a victim of identity theft, fraud, or 

6 a related crime, or harmed by the unauthor7 ized disclosure of the consumer’s financial 

8 or personally identifiable information; 

9 ‘‘(ii) is unemployed and intends to 

10 apply for employment in the 60-day period 

11 beginning on the date on which the request 

12 is made; 

13 ‘‘(iii) is a recipient of public welfare 

14 assistance; 

15 ‘‘(iv) is an active duty military con16 sumer or a member of the National Guard 

17 (as defined in section 101(c) of title 10, 

18 United States Code); 

19 ‘‘(v) is 65 years of age or older; or 

20 ‘‘(vi) is a member of a class established 

21 by the Bureau under subparagraph (A). 

22 ‘‘(3) BUREAU RULEMAKING.—The Bureau shall 

23 issue regulations— 


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1 ‘‘(A) to define the scope of credit monitoring 

2 and identity theft protection services required 

3 under this subsection; and 

4 ‘‘(B) to set a fair and reasonable fee that a 

5 consumer reporting agency may charge a con6 sumer (other than a consumer described under 

7 paragraph (2)(B)) for such credit monitoring 

8 and identity theft protection services. 

9 ‘‘(4) RELATION TO STATE LAW.—This subsection 

10 does not modify or supersede of the laws of any State 

11 relating to credit monitoring and identity theft pro12 tection services or other similar actions, except to the 

13 extent those laws are inconsistent with any provision 

14 of this title, and then only to the extent of the incon15 sistency. For purposes of this subsection, a term or 

16 provision of a State law is not inconsistent with the 

17 provisions of this subsection if the term or provision 

18 affords greater protection to the consumer than the 

19 protection provided under this subsection as deter20 mined by the Bureau.’’. 


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1 SEC. 209. ENSURES REMOVAL OF INQUIRIES RESULTING 

2 FROM IDENTITY THEFT, FRAUD, OR OTHER 

3 RELATED CRIME FROM CONSUMER REPORTS. 

4 Section 605(a) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 

5 U.S.C. 1681c(a)), as amended by section 103, is further 

6 amended by adding at the end the following: 

7 ‘‘(17) Information about inquiries made for a 

8 credit report based on requests that the consumer re9 porting agency verifies were initiated as the result of 

10 identity theft, fraud, or other related crime.’’. 

11 TITLE III—MISCELLANEOUS 

12 SEC. 301. DEFINITIONS. 

13 Section 603 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 

14 U.S.C. 1681a) is further amended by adding at the end the 

15 following: 

16 ‘‘(bb) DEFINITIONS RELATED TO DAYS.— 

17 ‘‘(1) CALENDAR DAY; DAY.—The term ‘calendar 

18 day’ or ‘day’ means a calendar day, excluding any 

19 federally recognized holiday. 

20 ‘‘(2) BUSINESS DAY.—The term ‘business day’ 

21 means a day between and including Monday to Fri22 day, and excluding any federally recognized holi23 day.’’. 


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1 SEC. 302. TECHNICAL CORRECTION RELATED TO RISK2 BASED PRICING NOTICES. 

3 Section 615(h)(8) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 

4 U.S.C. 1681m) is amended— 

5 (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘this sec6 tion’’ and inserting ‘‘this subsection’’; and 

7 (2) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘This sec8 tion’’ and inserting ‘‘This subsection’’. 

9 SEC. 303. FCRA FINDINGS AND PURPOSE; VOIDS CERTAIN 

10 CONTRACTS NOT IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST. 

11 (a) FCRA FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.—Section 602 of 

12 the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681(a)) is 

13 amended— 

14 (1) in subsection (a)— 

15 (A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as 

16 follows: 

17 ‘‘(1) Many financial and non-financial decisions af18 fecting consumers’ lives depend upon fair, complete, and ac19 curate credit reporting. Inaccurate and incomplete credit 

20 reports directly impair the efficiency of the financial system 

21 and undermine the integrity of using credit reports in other 

22 circumstances, and unfair credit reporting and credit scor23 ing methods undermine the public confidence which is es24 sential to the continued functioning of the financial services 

25 system and the provision of many other consumer products 

26 and services.’’; and 


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1 (B) in paragraph (4), by inserting after 

2 ‘‘agencies’’ the following: ‘‘, furnishers, and cred3 it scoring developers’’; and 

4 (2) in subsection (b)— 

5 (A) by striking ‘‘It is the purpose of this 

6 title to require’’ and inserting the following: 

7 ‘‘The purpose of this title is the following: 

8 ‘‘(1) To require’’; and 

9 (B) by adding at the end the following: 

10 ‘‘(2) To prohibit any practices and procedures 

11 with respect to credit reports and credit scores that 

12 are not in the public interest.’’. 

13 (b) VOIDING OF CERTAIN CONTRACTS NOT IN THE

14 PUBLIC INTEREST.— 

15 The Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681 

16 et seq.), as amended by section 107, is further amend17 ed— 

18 (1) by adding at the end the following new sec19 tion: 

20 ‘‘§ 631. Voiding of certain contracts not in the public 

21 interest 

22 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Any provision contained in a con23 tract that requires a person to not follow a provision of 

24 this title, that is against the public interest, or that otherVerDate Sep 11 2014 21:13 Dec 23, 2019 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00064 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\H3622.RH H3622

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1 wise circumvents the purposes of this title shall be null and 

2 void. 

3 ‘‘(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in subsection 

4 (a) shall be construed as affecting other provisions of a con5 tract that are not described under subsection (a).’’; and 

6 (2) in the table of contents for such Act, by add7 ing at the end the following new item: 

‘‘631. Voiding of certain contracts not in the public interest.’’. 


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Union Calendar No. 287 

116TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 3622 

[Report No. 116–362] 

A BILL 

To amend the Fair Credit Reporting act to restore 

and for other purposes. crime, and protect victims from further harm, sumers from identity theft, fraud, or a related expand access to tools to protect vulnerable conties and unfair consumer reporting practices, to the impaired credit of victims of predatory activiDECEMBER 23, 2019 

Reported with an amendment, committed to the Comand ordered to be printed mittee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, 


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