NUMBER 13-12-00659-CR

NUMBER 13-12-00660-CR

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG

DESMOND LEE HOWARD, Appellant,

v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.

On appeal from the Criminal District Court 3

of Tarrant County, Texas.

MEMORANDUM OPINION 

Before Justices Rodriguez, Benavides and Longoria

Memorandum Opinion by Justice Longoria

In a single issue, Appellant, Desmond Lee Howard, challenges a judgment 

revoking his probation and sentencing him to five years’ imprisonment for his conviction 
2

for indecency with a child by exposure, a third degree felony. See TEX. PENAL CODE 

ANN. § 21.11 (West 2011). We affirm. 

I. BACKGROUND1

Appellant entered pleas of guilty to two felony informations2alleging the offenses 

of indecency with a child by exposure. See id. Pursuant to a plea bargain, the trial 

court sentenced Appellant to a ten-year period of deferred adjudication probation and 

assessed a $1,000 fine. The State subsequently filed Petitions to Proceed to 

Adjudication, alleging two violations of the conditions imposed on his probation. The 

State alleged that during a routine conversation with his probation officer, Appellant 

violated his probation by threatening to retaliate against his victims and their family.3

Appellant made these statements in response to the probation officer’s questions about 

certain statements made by the victims relating to the indecency with a child offense. 

The trial court found the two allegations of retaliation to be true and adjudicated 

Appellant guilty of the original offense of indecency with a child by exposure. In his sole 

issue, Appellant argues that the trial court abused its discretion in finding the allegation 

of retaliation to be true. This appeal followed.

II. ANALYSIS

A. Standard of Review 

We review the trial court’s order revoking community supervision probation for an 

abuse of discretion. Rickels v. State, 202 S.W.3d 759, 763 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006). 

 

1

This case is before this Court on transfer from the Second Court of Appeals in Fort Worth 

pursuant to an order issued by the Supreme Court of Texas. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 73.001 (West 

2005).

2

The State’s note on the “Certificate of Proceedings” of 4/10/12 shows Appellant waived his right 

to indictment and proceeded on the informations. 

3

The victims in this case are siblings.
3

The State has the burden of proving that a defendant committed a violation of the terms 

of his supervision by preponderance of the evidence. Id.; Antwine v. State, 268 S.W.3d 

634, 637 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2008, pet. ref’d). Proof of any of the alleged violations 

of conditions of supervision is sufficient to support a revocation order. Antwine, 268 

S.W.3d at 637. Generally, decisions turning on the credibility of the witnesses, the 

weight given to their testimony, and the evidence presented are reviewed in the light 

most favorable to the trial court’s ruling and at its discretion. Cardona v. State, 655 

S.W.2d 492, 493 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984); Garrett v. State, 619 S.W.2d 172, 174 (Tex. 

Crim. App. 1981). A trial court does not abuse its discretion if the weight of credible 

evidence creates a reasonable belief that the defendant violated a condition of his 

community supervision. See Rickels, 202 S.W.3d at 764.

B. Applicable Law 

The offense of retaliation consists of a threat that (1) “harms or threatens to 

harm” another, (2) “on account of” their services as a witness. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 

36.06(a)(1)(A) (West 2011). “Another” is defined as “a person other than the actor.” Id.

§ 1.07(a)(5) (West Supp. 2012). A defendant’s intent can be shown by circumstantial 

evidence. In re B.P.H., 83 S.W.3d 400, 407 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2002, no pet.) 

(citing Dues v. State, 634 S.W.2d 304, 305 (Tex. Crim. App. 1982)); Helleson v. State, 5 

S.W.3d 393, 396 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1999, no pet.); see also Franklin v. State, No. 

05-09-01447-CR, 2011 WL 783626, at *2 (Tex. App.—Dallas March 8, 2011, no pet.) 

(mem. op., not designated for publication) (“Appellant’s retaliatory motivation may be 

shown through circumstantial evidence.”).
4

C. Discussion

Appellant argues that there is insufficient evidence to sustain the trial court’s 

finding of true to the allegations. The evidence showed that Appellant made comments 

about possibly putting a “hit” out on the victims’ family, but Appellant argues on appeal 

that (1) no evidence was presented to show that he directed any threats towards the 

victims who were named in the State’s Petition, and (2) there were no references in his

threats that the “hit” was “on account of the services of” either one of the victims or the 

family of the victims “as a witness or potential witness.” See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 

36.06(a)(1)(A). We disagree.

The State had the burden to plead and prove credible evidence of retaliation, that 

he made a statement in which he (1) “harms or threatens to harm” another, (2) “on 

account of” their services as a witness. Id. § 36.06(a)(1)(A). A defendant’s intent to 

retaliate can be inferred from circumstantial evidence such as the defendant’s acts, 

words, or conduct. In re B.P.H., 83 S.W.3d at 407. The record shows that Appellant’s 

threats were prompted during a routine visit with his probation officer, where the 

probation officer asked Appellant questions about statements made by the victims. The 

probation officer testified that Appellant’s answer, that he would put a “hit” on the family,

“concerned” her. The probation officer reiterated back to Appellant what he had said,

and Appellant repeated the same answer reassuring the probation officer that there 

would be a “hit” on his victims and their family. Appellant’s answer to the probation 

officer showed that Appellant was angry at the victims’ family and at the victims 

themselves. The probation officer testified that she took the threat very seriously and 

was “concerned” for the safety of the family and the victims themselves. 
5

Because the State produced evidence that Appellant threatened to kill the 

victims’ family immediately after being told by his probation officer of the victims’ 

statements regarding Appellant’s original offense, we conclude that the trial court could 

fairly infer that Appellant intended to harm the victims named in the petition and “on 

account of” their service as witnesses in Appellant’s criminal case. See TEX. PENAL 

CODE ANN. § 36.06(a)(1)(A) (West 2011). Viewing the evidence in the light most 

favorable to the trial court’s discretion, we conclude that the weight of credible evidence 

produced by the State enabled the trial court to form a “reasonable belief” that Appellant 

violated his probation by committing the offense of retaliation and therefore find no 

abuse of discretion. See Rickels, 202 S.W.3d at 764. We overrule Appellant’s sole 

issue.

III. CONCLUSION

We affirm the trial court’s judgments of conviction. 

_/s/ Nora L. Longoria

NORA L. LONGORIA

Justice

Do not publish.

TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).

Delivered and filed the

27th day of June, 2013.