IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT NASHVILLE

Assigned on Briefs April 22, 2009

TIMOTHY D. QUALLS v. RICKY J. BELL, WARDEN

Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Davidson County

No. 07-C-3796 Hamilton Gayden, Judge

No. M2008-01246-CCA-R3-HC - Filed April 28, 2009

In 2003, the Petitioner, Timothy D. Qualls, pled guilty to second degree murder, and the trial court

sentenced him to serve eighteen years. The Petitioner file a petition for habeas corpus relief, and the

habeas court denied his petition. On appeal, the Petitioner alleges the habeas court erred because:

(1) the trial court sentenced the Petitioner in contravention of his constitutional rights; and (2) the

trial court sentenced the Petitioner in contravention ofstate statutes. After a thorough review of the

record and relevant authorities, we affirm the judgment of the habeas court.

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID H. WELLES and

JERRY L. SMITH, JJ., joined.

Timothy D. Qualls, Pro se, Nashville, Tennessee. 

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Michael E. Moore, Solicitor General; David

H. Findley, Assistant Attorney General; Victor S. Johnson, III, District Attorney General, for the

Appellee, State of Tennessee.

OPINION

I. Background

On April 4, 2003, the Petitioner pled guilty to second degree murder, and the trial court

sentenced him to serve eighteen years. The Petitioner filed a petition for habeas corpus relief on

December 27, 2007, and the habeas court denied him relief. It is from this judgment that the

Petitioner now appeals. 

II. Analysis

On appeal, the Petitioner claims the habeas court erred because: (1) the trial court sentenced
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him in contravention of his constitutional rights; and (2) the trial court sentenced him in

contravention of state statutes. 

Article I, section 15 of the Tennessee Constitution guarantees the right to seek habeas corpus

relief. See Faulkner v. State, 226 S.W.3d 358, 361 (Tenn. 2007). Tennessee statute, however,

governs the exercise of this constitutional guarantee. See T.C.A. § 29-21-101 (2006). Although

statute does not limit the number of requests for habeas corpus relief a petitioner may make, it does

narrowly limit the grounds upon which a court may grant habeas corpus relief. Taylor v. State, 995

S.W.2d 78, 83 (Tenn. 1999). The petitioner must demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence

that “the sentence is void or that confinement is illegal.” Wyatt v. State, 24 S.W.3d 319, 322 (Tenn.

2000). In other words, a petitioner must base his request for habeas corpus relief upon the following

very narrow grounds: (1) a claim that, because the convicting court was without jurisdiction or

authority to sentence the petitioner, the convicting court’s judgment is facially invalid and, thus,

void; or (2) a claim that the petitioner’s sentence has expired. Stephenson v. Carlton, 28 S.W.3d

910, 911 (Tenn. 2000); Archer v. State, 851 S.W.2d 157, 164 (Tenn. 1993). Also, “[a]n illegal

sentence, one whose imposition directly contravenes a statute, is considered void and may be set

aside at any time.” May v. Carlton, 245 S.W.3d 340, 344 (Tenn. 2008) (citing State v. Burkhard,

566 S.W.2d 871, 873 (Tenn. 1978). In contrast, a voidable judgment is “one that is facially valid

and requires the introduction of proof beyond the face of the record or judgment to establish its

validity.” Taylor, 955 S.W. 2d at 83; see State v. Richie, 20 S.W.3d 624, 633 (Tenn. 2000).

A habeas court is not required, as a matter of law, to grant the writ or conduct an inquiry into

the allegations contained in the petition. See T.C.A. § 29-21-109 (2006). If the petition fails on its

face to state a cognizable claim, it may be summarily dismissed by the trial court. See State ex. rel.

Byrd v. Bomar, 381 S.W.2d 280, 283 (1964); T.C.A. § 29-21-109. “If from the showing of the

petitioner, the plaintiff would not be entitled to any relief, the writ may be refused.” T.C.A. § 29-21-

109. 

Whether habeas corpus relief should be granted is a question of law. Edwards v. State, 269

S.W.3d 915, 919 (Tenn. 2008). Thus, we apply de novo review and afford no presumption of

correctness to the findings and conclusions of the court below. Summers v. State, 212 S.W.3d 251,

255 (Tenn. 2007); Hogan v. Mills, 168 S.W.3d 753, 755 (Tenn. 2005). 

A. Constitutional Claim

In this appeal, the Petitioner claims that he is entitled to habeas corpus relief because the trial

court sentenced him in contravention of his constitutional rights, as described in Apprendi v. New

Jersey. 530 U.S. 466 (2000). We note the Petitioner is adamant that he is not arguing that his

sentence was imposed in violation of his constitutional right to a jury trial as articulated in Blakely

v. Washington, rather, he argues that his right a jury trial was infringed upon as interpreted in

Apprendi. See Blakely, 542 U.S. 296 (2004); see also Apprendi, 530 U.S. 466. More specifically,

he argues that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to enhance his sentence by two years without a jury

making a finding of those enhancement facts or without using a standard greater than a
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preponderance of the evidence of the existence of enhancement factors. 

The United States Supreme Court created a bright line rule in Apprendi v. New Jersey that

“any fact [other than a prior conviction] that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed

statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.” 530 U.S.

at 490. In Blakely v. Washington, the Court held that “the ‘statutory maximum’ for Apprendi

purposes is the maximum sentence a judge may impose solely on the basis of the facts reflected in

the jury verdict or admitted by the defendant. In other words, the relevant ‘statutory maximum’ is

not the maximum sentence a judge may impose after finding additional facts, but the maximum he

may impose without any additional findings.” 542 U.S. at 303-04. Blakely is a further clarification

of the Sixth amendment right to a jury trial described in Apprendi. 

We have previously held that while “[i]t is constitutional error in violation of a defendant’s

right to trial by jury for the trial court to increase a sentence above the ‘statutory maximum’ sentence

based upon facts, other than prior convictions, not found by a jury,” such an error would “render the

judgment merely voidable, and not void.” Billy Merle Meeks v. Ricky J. Bell, Warden, No. M2005-

00626-CCA-R3-HC, 2007 WL 4116486, at *7 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Nashville, Nov. 13, 2007),

perm. app. denied (Tenn. Apr. 7, 2008). Thus, such a claim is not a cognizable Tennessee habeas

corpus claim. Id. Moreover, the Petitioner’s claim requires this Court to look beyond the face of

the judgment, which is beyond the scope of habeas corpus relief. See Taylor, 955 S.W. 2d at 83.

The Petitioner is not entitled to habeas relief on this issue. 

B. Statutory Claim

The Petitioner next contends that he is entitled to relief because the trial court sentenced him

in violation of the Tennessee Criminal Reform Act of 1989. See T.C.A. § 40-35-101 et seq. The

Petitioner directs this Court to the record and the transcript of his sentencing hearing as evidence of

the trial court’s errors in applying mitigating and enhancement factors and meeting the requirements

of a proper guilty plea hearing, as prescribed by Rule 11 of the Tennessee Rules of Criminal

Procedure.

As we stated above, in order to grant habeas relief, there must be an error on the face of the

judgment that renders the petitioner’s judgment void. See Taylor, 955 S.W.2d at 83. The Petitioner

pled guilty to second degree murder, which is a Class A felony, and the trial court classified him as

a Standard, Range I offender. T.C.A. § 39-13-210(b) (2001). A defendant convicted of a Class A

felony and classified as a Standard, Range I offender may be sentenced to serve between fifteen and

twenty-five years. T.C.A. § 40-35-112(a)(1) (2001). The Petitioner was sentenced to eighteen years,

which is within the statutory range. His judgment is not void on its face, and he is not entitled to

relief on this issue.

III. Conclusion

After a thorough review of the record and relevant authorities, we conclude that the habeas
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court properly dismissed the Petitioner’s petition for habeas corpus relief. Accordingly, we affirm

the judgment of the habeas court. 

________________________________

ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JUDGE