[Cite as State v. Carnes, 2015-Ohio-4429.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 

ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

TRUMBULL COUNTY, OHIO 

STATE OF OHIO, : O P I N I O N 

 Plaintiff-Appellee, : 

 CASE NO. 2014-T-0120

 - vs - : 

MARK E. CARNES, : 

 Defendant-Appellant. : 

Criminal Appeal from the Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas. 

Case No. 2014 CR 00395. 

Judgment: Affirmed. 

Dennis Watkins, Trumbull County Prosecutor, and LuWayne Annos, Assistant

Prosecutor, Administration Building, Fourth Floor, 160 High Street, N.W., Warren, OH

44481-1092 (For Plaintiff-Appellee). 

Michael A. Partlow, 112 South Water Street, Suite C, Kent, OH 44240 (For DefendantAppellant). 

TIMOTHY P. CANNON, P.J. 

{¶1} Appellant, Mark E. Carnes, appeals the sentence of the Trumbull County 

Court of Common Pleas following his guilty plea to 21 felony sex offenses. At issue is 

whether the trial court committed plain error in imposing consecutive sentences. For 

the reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court’s decision. 

{¶2} On May 16, 2014, appellant was indicted by appellee, the state of Ohio, 

on five counts of rape, felonies of the first degree, in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(2) and 
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(B); five counts of unlawful sexual conduct with a minor, felonies of the third degree, in 

violation of R.C. 2907.04(A) and (B)(3); five counts of compelling prostitution, felonies of 

the third degree, in violation of R.C. 2907.21(A)(2)(a) and (C); and eleven counts of 

illegal use of a minor in nudity-oriented material or performance, felonies of the second 

degree, in violation of R.C. 2907.323(A)(1) and (B). Specifically, the indictments stated 

that appellant had engaged in this conduct with two female minors from 2009 through 

2014. In 2009, the victims were 11 and 13 years old. Appellant entered a plea of not 

guilty to all charges in the indictment. 

{¶3} A change of plea hearing was held on October 2, 2014. At the hearing, 

the trial court advised appellant of the following: 

Mr. Carnes, you understand also that all of the counts that you’ve 

been charged with, they can be ordered, at sentencing, to be 

served concurrently, which means you serve them all at one time, 

or they could be ordered to be served consecutively, some of them, 

whatever the Court would deem appropriate, could stack them on 

top of each other, which could result in a rather lengthy sentence. * 

* * The potential for you, if the court were to add all the charges on 

top of each other that you pled to, could result in a 128-year 

sentence; do you understand that? 

{¶4} Appellant affirmed he understood, and no objection was raised at that 

time. He then signed a written plea of guilty to five counts of unlawful sexual conduct 

with a minor, five counts of compelling prostitution, and eleven counts of illegal use of a 

minor in nudity-oriented material or performance. The written plea contained the 

following language: “The underlying agreement upon which this plea is based is as 

follows: * * * The State will recommend a prison term that will include consecutive 

sentence time.” The trial court accepted the plea on October 3, 2014, and a nolle 
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prosequi was entered on the remaining five counts of rape. The trial court deferred 

sentencing and ordered a presentence investigation report. 

{¶5} Appellee filed a “sentencing memorandum: motion for consecutive 

sentences” on October 18, 2014, to which appellant did not file a response. On 

November 13, 2014, the trial court held a sentencing hearing. Pursuant to the 

November 20, 2014 sentencing entry, the trial court found the five counts of unlawful 

sexual conduct with a minor were subject to merge with the five counts of compelling 

prostitution, respectively, as they were allied offenses of similar import. Appellee 

elected to sentence on the five counts of unlawful sexual conduct with a minor. 

Appellant was sentenced to 60 months imprisonment for each count of unlawful sexual 

conduct with a minor, to be served consecutively to each other. Appellant was also 

sentenced to eight years imprisonment for each of the eleven counts of illegal use of a 

minor in nudity-oriented material or performance, to be served concurrently with each 

other but consecutively to the sentences for unlawful sexual conduct with a minor. This 

resulted in an aggregate prison term of 33 years. Appellant was also fined $10,000 and 

classified as a Tier II Sex Offender. 

{¶6} Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal from this sentencing entry and 

assigns one assignment of error for our review: 

{¶7} “The trial court’s imposition of consecutive sentences upon the appellant 

was both contrary to law and not supported by the evidence.” 

{¶8} Appellant did not raise an objection to the imposition of consecutive 

sentences at his sentencing hearing nor did he file a response in opposition to 

appellee’s motion for consecutive sentences. Therefore, under the circumstances of 
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this case, appellant has forfeited all but plain error on review. State v. Rogers, Slip 

Opn. 2015-Ohio-2459, ¶21. 

{¶9} “Crim.R. 52(B) affords appellate courts discretion to correct ‘[p]lain errors 

or defects affecting substantial rights’ notwithstanding the accused’s failure to meet his 

obligation to bring those errors to the attention of the trial court.” Id. at ¶22. To 

constitute plain error, an error must be an obvious deviation from a legal rule that 

affected the outcome. Id., quoting State v. Barnes, 94 Ohio St.3d 21, 27 (2002). 

Further, the defendant has the burden of demonstrating plain error by proving the 

outcome would have been different absent the error. State v. Payne, 114 Ohio St.3d 

502, 2007-Ohio-4642, ¶17. 

{¶10} Appellate review of non-forfeited alleged error in felony sentences is 

governed by R.C. 2953.08(G), which provides in pertinent part: 

(2) The appellate court may increase, reduce, or otherwise modify a 

sentence that is appealed under this section or may vacate the 

sentence and remand the matter to the sentencing court for 

resentencing. The appellate court’s standard for review is not 

whether the sentencing court abused its discretion. The appellate 

court may take any action authorized by this division if it clearly and 

convincingly finds either of the following: 

(a) That the record does not support the sentencing court’s findings 

under division * * * (C)(4) of section 2929.14 * * *; 

(b) That the sentence is otherwise contrary to law. 

We note, therefore, that even if appellant had not forfeited his argument regarding 

consecutive sentences, the result would be the same on appeal. For if the trial court 

made such an obvious error in sentencing appellant that it amounted to plain error, it 

would be contrary to law under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). 
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{¶11} Judicial fact-finding under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) is “required to overcome the 

statutory presumption in favor of concurrent sentences” found in R.C. 2929.41(A). State 

v. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St.3d 209, 2014-Ohio-3177, ¶23. Appellant essentially argues that 

the trial court did not overcome this presumption. 

{¶12} Pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(C)(4), consecutive sentences may be imposed if 

the court finds “[1.] the consecutive service is necessary to protect the public from future 

crime or to punish the offender and that [2.] consecutive sentences are not 

disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and to the danger the 

offender poses to the public.” In addition, the trial court must also find [3.] that any of 

the following apply to the offender being sentenced: 

(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses 

while the offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a 

sanction imposed pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 

of the Revised Code, or was under post-release control for a prior 

offense. 

(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of 

one or more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or 

more of the multiple offenses so committed was so great or unusual 

that no single prison term for any of the offenses committed as part 

of any of the courses of conduct adequately reflects the 

seriousness of the offender’s conduct. 

(c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that 

consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public from 

future crime by the offender. 

{¶13} The Ohio Supreme Court has stated that “[i]n order to impose consecutive 

terms of imprisonment, a trial court is required to make the findings mandated by R.C. 

2929.14(C)(4) at the sentencing hearing and incorporate its findings into its sentencing 

entry, but it has no obligation to state reasons to support its findings.” Bonnell, supra, 

¶37. The Supreme Court also held that the trial court’s imposition of consecutive 
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sentences will be upheld even if it does not use the exact “words of the statute, provided 

that the necessary findings can be found in the record and are incorporated into the 

sentencing entry.” Id.

{¶14} Here, the findings mandated by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) are present in both the 

sentencing transcript and sentencing entry. In one statement at the sentencing hearing, 

the trial court efficiently satisfied each of the three requirements of R.C. 2929.14(C)(4): 

The Court finds that pursuant to Ohio Revised Code, Section 

2929.14, that the harm caused to the victim in this matter is so 

great that a single prison term would not adequately reflect the 

seriousness of the conduct of the defendant, and that the criminal 

behavior of the defendant over a long period of time with the victim 

shows consecutive sentences are needed to protect the public. 

The sentencing entry incorporates these exact factual findings in writing. 

{¶15} Appellant’s specific contention is that the trial court made no finding as to 

the “proportionality analysis whatsoever.” Although it would have been ideal for the trial 

court to have explicitly stated the sentence was “proportionate” or “not disproportionate,” 

as we noted, use of the exact words contained in the statute is not required. Bonnell, 

supra, ¶37. It is clear that, although the trial court did not explicitly mention 

“proportionality,” it considered the imposition of sentence in relation to the seriousness 

of appellant’s conduct and the danger posed to the public. At the sentencing hearing 

the trial court outlined the facts that informed its finding of great harm suffered by the 

victims, to wit: appellant is the uncle of the two victims; appellant acted as loco parentis 

to the victims on many occasions; appellant used food and other necessities to 

manipulate the victims; the older victim has suffered great mental injury; and appellant 

has shown no genuine remorse for his conduct. 
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{¶16} Appellant has not demonstrated that the trial court’s imposition of 

consecutive sentences constitutes plain error. In fact, appellant has not demonstrated 

that the trial court committed any error. The trial court satisfied the requirements of R.C. 

2929.14(C)(4) by finding that consecutive sentences were necessary to protect the 

public, proportionate to the seriousness of appellant’s conduct, and that one single 

prison term would not adequately reflect the seriousness of appellant’s multiple 

offenses. 

{¶17} For all of the foregoing reasons, appellant’s assignment of error is without 

merit. The judgment of the Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed. 

THOMAS R. WRIGHT, J., concurs, 

COLLEEN MARY O’TOOLE, J., dissents with a Dissenting Opinion. 

____________________ 

COLLEEN MARY O’TOOLE, J., dissents with a Dissenting Opinion. 

{¶18} I disagree with the majority that the trial court properly imposed 

consecutive sentences upon appellant based on my dissenting opinion in a similar 

matter involving R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). State v. Koeser, 11th Dist. Portage No. 2013-P0041, 2013-Ohio-5838, ¶35-44 (O’Toole, J., dissenting with a Dissenting Opinion). 

Finding merit in appellant’s assignment of error, I would reverse and remand for 

resentencing. 

{¶19} I respectfully dissent.