# Patent

## Title
Belt positioning system, multi-roller assembly and image forming apparatus employing same

## Abstract

A belt positioning system for positioning a movable belt entrained about a plurality of generally parallel rollers for moving in a trans-axial direction perpendicular to an axial direction in which the rollers extend parallel to each other includes a flange. The flange is operatively connected to an axial end of a specific one of the plurality of generally parallel rollers to define a contact surface therealong which extends generally perpendicular to the axial direction to contact an adjoining edge of the belt. The contact surface of the flange is spaced apart from the axial end of the roller in the axial direction.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
The present patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/859,118 filed Apr. 9, 2013, which claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-113456 filed May 17, 2012, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a belt positioning system and a multi-roller assembly and image forming apparatus employing the same, and more particularly, to a system for positioning a movable belt entrained about a plurality of rollers, and a multi-roller belt support assembly and an image forming apparatus employing the belt positioning system.
2. Background Art
Image forming apparatuses employ various types of movable imaging belts, such as an intermediate transfer belt, a media conveyance belt, and a fixing belt, each of which is entrained about a plurality of generally parallel rollers for moving in a trans-axial direction perpendicular to an axial direction in which the rollers extend parallel to each other.
One problem associated with a multi-roller belt support assembly is that the movable belt occasionally walks or moves laterally in the axial direction due to a lack of parallel alignment between the belt support rollers, which results, for example, from wear and tear of equipment used to rotate the belt support rollers. Such lateral displacement of the belt, if not corrected, would cause breakage or failure of the imaging process where the belt reaches the axial end of the roller and eventually slips off the belt support assembly.
To address this problem, several techniques have been proposed which employ a positioning flange connected to an axial end of the belt support roller to prevent lateral displacement of the belt. For example, a known belt driver system employs an annular positioning flange disposed around the roller end in combination with a guide wheel disposed inward from the flange in the axial direction to contact an edge or near-edge portion of the belt to restrict lateral movement of the belt.
The inventors have recognized that one problem encountered when using a movable belt entrained about a flanged roller is that the belt is subjected to excessive load where the flange strikes or otherwise interferes with an adjoining edge of the belt, resulting in cracks or other defects propagating from the edge portion of the belt, particularly where the belt moves in the trans-axial direction with its edge pressing against the positioning flange in the axial direction.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Exemplary aspects of the present invention are put forward in view of the above-described circumstances, and provide a novel belt positioning system for positioning a movable belt entrained about a plurality of generally parallel rollers for moving in a trans-axial direction perpendicular to an axial direction in which the rollers extend parallel to each other.
In one exemplary embodiment, the belt positioning system includes a flange. The flange is operatively connected to an axial end of a specific one of the plurality of generally parallel rollers to define a contact surface therealong which extends generally perpendicular to the axial direction to contact an adjoining edge of the belt. The contact surface of the flange is spaced apart from the axial end of the roller in the axial direction.
Other exemplary aspects of the present invention are put forward in view of the above-described circumstances, and provide a multi-roller assembly employing the belt positioning system.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete appreciation of the disclosure and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an image forming apparatus according to one or more embodiments of this patent specification;
FIGS. 2A through 2C are cross-sectional views of a belt positioning system according to one embodiment of this patent specification;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a flanged roller having its axial end in close contact with a positioning flange;
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of a belt alignment mechanism included in the belt positioning system;
FIGS. 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views of the belt positioning system according to a further embodiment of this patent specification; and
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the belt positioning system according to a further embodiment of this patent specification.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In describing exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings, specific terminology is employed for the sake of clarity. However, the disclosure of this patent specification is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology so selected, and it is to be understood that each specific element includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner and achieve a similar result.
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding parts throughout the several views, exemplary embodiments of the present patent application are described.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an image forming apparatus 100 according to one or more embodiments of this patent specification.
As shown in FIG. 1, the image forming apparatus 100 comprises a tandem color printer that employs four imaging stations, including first through fourth photoconductors 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d arranged in series, for forming toner images with four different colors: black, magenta, cyan, and yellow. Since the imaging stations are of an identical configuration except for the color of toner used for image formation, features of the photoconductor and its associated imaging equipment described herein apply to all the imaging stations unless otherwise indicated.
In each imaging station, the photoconductor 1 is rotatable in a direction indicated by arrow B, while surrounded by various pieces of imaging equipment, including a discharging device, a charging device 8, a development device 10, and a cleaning device 12, with an exposure device 9 directing a laser beam L to the photoconductive surface, which work in cooperation with each other to form a toner image on the photoconductive surface.
Also included in the image forming apparatus 100 is an intermediate transfer device including an intermediate transfer belt 3 disposed opposite and in contact with the photoconductors 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d. The intermediate transfer belt 3 is entrained about a plurality of belt support rollers, including a driver roller 51 equipped with a suitable rotary actuator, as well as idler rollers 52, 53, and 54, aligned generally parallel to each other. As the driver roller 51 rotates, the belt 3 rotates in a direction indicated by arrow A in conjunction with the idler rollers 52, 53, and 54.
In the present embodiment, the intermediate transfer belt 3 comprises a looped belt composed of one or more layers of material. In the case of a mono-layered belt, the belt material may be selected from polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), polycarbonate (PC), and polyimide (PI). In the case of a poly-layered belt, the belt may be formed of a substrate of relatively rigid fluorine rubber, PVDF, or polyimide resin, with a smooth coating of fluorine resin deposited on the substrate.
Four primary transfer rollers 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d are disposed opposite the photoconductors 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, respectively, via the intermediate transfer belt 3 to form four primary transfer nips therebetween, through each of which the toner image is primarily transferred from the photoconductor 1 to the belt 3. A secondary transfer roller 17 is disposed opposite the belt support roller 51 via the intermediate transfer belt 3 to form a secondary transfer nip therebetween, through which the toner image is secondarily transferred from the belt 3 to a recording medium, such as a sheet of paper S.
Additionally, a belt cleaner 20 may be disposed opposite the belt-support roller 52 to remove untransferred, residual toner particles that remain on the belt surface after secondary image transfer.
In the present embodiment, the belt cleaner 20 includes a cleaning blade 21 of suitable material, such as urethane, held against the belt 3 to mechanically remove or scrape toner residues from the belt surface. Alternatively, instead of or in combination with a cleaning blade, any suitable cleaning device may be used to clean the intermediate transfer belt 3, including, for example, an electrostatic cleaning device for electrostatically removing toner residues from the belt surface.
At the bottom of the apparatus 100 lies a sheet tray 14 accommodating a stack of recording sheets S. A feed roller 15 is disposed at an outlet of the sheet tray 14 to advance the recording sheet S in a direction indicated by arrow C into a sheet conveyance path defined by a suitable sheet conveyance device, including, for example, a movable belt entrained around a plurality of belt support rollers.
Along the sheet conveyance path is a pair of registration roller 16 for introducing the recording sheet S into the secondary transfer nip. A fixing device 18 is disposed downstream from the secondary transfer nip, which includes, for example, a movable belt entrained around a plurality of belt support rollers to fix the toner image on the recording sheet S. The sheet conveyance path terminates in an output unit including a pair of output rollers 19, which outputs the recording sheet S from inside the apparatus body.
During operation, in each imaging station, the photoconductor 1 rotates to forward its outer, photoconductive surface to a series of electrophotographic processes, including charging, exposure, development, transfer, and cleaning, in one rotation of the photoconductor 1.
First, after being exposed to light radiation from the discharging device which removes residual electrical charges for initialization, the photoconductive surface is uniformly charged, for example, to a negative potential by the charging device 8 and subsequently exposed to a modulated laser beam L emitted from the exposure device 9. The laser exposure selectively dissipates the charge on the photoconductive surface to form an electrostatic latent image thereon according to image data representing a particular primary color. Then, the latent image enters the development device 10, which renders the incoming image visible using toner. The toner image thus obtained is forwarded to the primary transfer nip between the intermediate transfer belt 3 and the primary transfer roller 11.
At the primary transfer nip, the primary transfer roller 11 is supplied with a bias voltage of a polarity opposite that of the toner on the photoconductor 1 (for example, a positive bias voltage where the toner assumes a negative charge). This electrostatically transfers the toner image from the photoconductive surface to an outer surface of the belt 3, with a certain small amount of residual toner particles left on the photoconductive surface. Such transfer process occurs sequentially at the four primary transfer nips along the belt travel path, so that toner images of different colors are superimposed one atop another to form a single multicolor image on the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 3.
After primary transfer, the photoconductive surface enters the cleaning device 12 to remove residual toner, and then to the discharging device to remove residual charges for completion of one imaging cycle. At the same time, the intermediate transfer belt 3 forwards the multicolor image to the secondary transfer nip between the belt support roller 51 and the secondary transfer roller 17.
Meanwhile, in the sheet conveyance path, the feed roller 15 rotates to introduce a recording sheet S from the sheet tray 14 toward the pair of registration rollers 16 being rotated. Upon receiving the fed sheet S, the registration rollers 16 stop rotation to hold the incoming sheet S therebetween, and then advance it in sync with the movement of the intermediate transfer belt 3 to the secondary transfer nip. At the secondary transfer nip, the multicolor image is transferred from the belt 3 to the recording sheet S, with a certain small amount of residual toner particles left on the belt surface.
After secondary transfer, the intermediate transfer belt 3 enters the belt cleaner 20, which removes residual toner from the intermediate transfer belt 3. At the same time, the recording sheet S bearing the powder toner image thereon is introduced into the fixing device 20, which fixes the multicolor image in place on the recording sheet S with heat and pressure.
Thereafter, the recording sheet S is output by the output rollers 19 for stacking outside the apparatus body, which completes one operational cycle of the image forming apparatus 100.
A description is now given of specific features of the image forming apparatus 100 according to one or more embodiments of this patent specification. In each of these embodiments, a belt positioning system 50 is described employed in a multi-roller belt support assembly, which is applicable to the intermediate transfer device, the sheet conveyance device, and the fixing device included in the image forming apparatus 100.
FIGS. 2A through 2C are cross-sectional views of the belt positioning system 50 according to one embodiment of this patent specification, exemplarily provided in the intermediate transfer device included in the image forming apparatus 100 of FIG. 1.
As shown in FIGS. 2A through 2C, the intermediate transfer belt 3 is entrained about the plurality of generally parallel rollers 51 through 54, of which only one specific roller 52 is visible, for moving in a trans-axial direction perpendicular to an axial direction Z in which the rollers extend parallel to each other.
The belt positioning system 50 includes a positioning flange 30 operatively connected to an axial end of the roller 52 to define a contact surface 30a therealong which extends generally perpendicular to the axial direction Z to contact an adjoining edge 3a of the belt 3. The contact surface 30a of the flange 30 is spaced apart from the axial end of the roller 52 in the axial direction Z to create a spacing or gap G therebetween.
Additionally, the roller 52 has a shaft 6 extending outward in the axial direction Z from the axial end thereof on which the flange 30 is supported. A belt alignment mechanism 40 may be disposed around the roller shaft 6 outward from the flange 30 in the axial direction Z to correct the lateral position of the belt 3 by inclining the roller 52 with respect to others of the plurality of generally parallel rollers.
As used herein, the term “axial direction” refers to a reference, longitudinal direction in which a central, rotational axis of the roller extends in its normal operational position, as indicated by the axis Z in the drawings. The terms “inward” and “outward”, when used in connection with the axial direction, indicates an element moves or otherwise changes in position, size, and/or shape toward and away from, respectively, an axial, longitudinal center of the roller. The term “trans-axial direction” refers to a given direction perpendicular to the axial direction Z in which the belt is movable, as indicated by the axes X and Y in the drawings. In the present embodiment, for example, the trans-axial directions X and Y are vertical and horizontal, respectively.
In the belt positioning system 50, the flange 30 serves to correct the lateral position of the belt 3 where the belt 3 moves laterally outward in the axial direction Z, for example, due to a lack of parallel alignment between the belt supporting rollers.
During operation, as the driver roller 51 rotates, the belt 3 rotates or moves in the trans-axial direction Y to in turn cause the roller 52 to rotate. As the belt 3 moves laterally outward in the axial direction Z along the roller 52, the contact surface 30a contacts the belt edge 3a to prevent further displacement of the belt 3, thereby maintaining the belt 3 in its proper lateral position in the axial direction Z.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the roller shaft 6 comprises a cylindrical body with a diameter smaller than that of the roller 52, which is coaxially mounted with the roller 52 to integrally rotate with the roller 52. The roller shaft 6 penetrates at least partially into the roller 52 axially inward from the flange 30 and through the belt alignment mechanism 40 axially outward from the flange 30.
The flange 30 comprises an annular flange supported on the roller shaft 6 loosely, that is, without being fastened to the roller shaft 6 and the roller 52. Thus, the flange 30 freely rotates around the roller shaft 6 as the belt 3 moves in the trans-axial direction to cause frictional contact between the belt edge 3a and the contact surface 30a. Also, the flange 30 freely moves in the axial direction Z along the roller shaft 6 as the belt 3 moves laterally outward in the axial direction Z to exert pressure from the belt edge 3a against the contact surface 30a. 
Compared to holding the flange stationary in position, allowing free rotation of the flange 30 together with the belt 3 reduces load due to friction between the belt edge 3a and the contact surface 30a, thereby preventing damage to the belt 3 and abrasion on the contact surface 30a. 
The contact surface 30a of the flange 30 comprises a generally planar, flat surface with a circular peripheral shape concentric with the rotational axis of the roller 52. Alternatively, instead of a flat circular configuration, the contact surface 30a may be configured otherwise as long as the flange 30 properly serves its intended function. Thus, the contact surface 30a includes any generally planar surface, including a curved surface, an irregular surface, or any combination thereof. Further, the peripheral shape of the contact surface 30a includes any closed geometric shape, such as a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a polygon, or any combination thereof.
The contact surface 30a may be shaped and dimensioned such that a distance D between a central, rotational axis Q of the roller 52 and a periphery P of the contact surface 30a exceeds a sum of a radius R of the roller 52 and a thickness T of the belt 3.
For example, where the assembly is constructed with a roller radius R of 8.78 mm and a belt thickness T of 80 μm, the distance D (which is the radius of the circular contact surface 30a in the present case) may be set to a range greater than 8.86 mm, such as approximately 9.00 mm.
Setting the distance D to an appropriate range ensures the flange 30 properly guides the belt edge 3a to the contact surface 30a without causing undue interference with surrounding structures. Such arrangement effectively prevents substantial displacement or walk of the belt, in which the belt reaches the axial end of the roller and eventually slips off the belt support roller.
The inventors have recognized that one problem encountered when using a movable belt entrained about a flanged roller is that the belt is subjected to excessive load where the flange strikes or otherwise interferes with an adjoining edge of the belt, resulting in cracks or other defects propagating from the edge portion of the belt, particularly where the belt moves in the trans-axial direction with its edge pressing against the positioning flange in the axial direction.
These and other problems are effectively addressed by the belt positioning system 50 according to this patent specification, owing to provision of the spacing or gap G between the contact surface 30a of the flange 30 and the axial end of the roller 52 which relieves excessive pressure on the edge of the belt 3 in contact with the flange 30.
Specifically, in the belt positioning system 50, the spacing or gap G created between the contact surface 30a of the flange 30 and the axial end of the roller 52 serves to accommodate a portion of the belt 3 which bends under pressure between the belt 3 and the flange 30, where the belt 3 moves laterally outward in the axial direction Z, for example, due to a lack of parallel alignment between the belt supporting rollers.
During operation, the contact surface 30a of the flange 30 contacts the adjoining edge 3a of the belt 3 upon lateral displacement of the belt 3, as shown in FIG. 2A. At this point, a portion 3b adjacent to the belt edge 3a is subjected to two mutually opposed forces in the axial direction Z, one being an action force toward the contact surface 30a and the other being a reaction force from the contact surface 30a. As a result, the near-edge portion 3b of the belt 3 bends downward in the vertical, trans-axial direction X, intruding into the gap G between the adjoining surfaces of the belt 3 and the roller shaft 6, as shown in FIG. 2B.
For comparison purposes, consider a configuration in which a movable belt 80 is entrained about a flanged roller 82 that has its axial end in close contact with a contact surface 81a of a positioning flange 81, with reference to FIG. 3. In such cases, the belt 80 cannot bend or deform in the trans-axial direction when subjected to mutually opposed forces in the axial direction. Failure to deform the belt 80 causes a substantial strain continuously acting on the edge of the belt 80, resulting in cracks or other defects propagating from the edge portion of the belt 80.
By contrast, the belt positioning system 50 according to the present embodiment effectively prevents strain and concomitant defects on the edge or near-edge portion of the belt 3, in which the spacing or gap G between the contact surface 30a of the flange 30 and the axial end of the roller 52 in the axial direction Z enables the belt 3 to bend or deform in the trans-axial direction X, thereby relieving an excessive load or pressure between the movable belt 3 and the flange 30.
With continued reference to FIGS. 2A through 2C, the belt positioning system 50 is shown including a flange stopper 61 disposed between the axial end of the roller 52 and the contact surface 30a of the flange 30 to restrict lateral movement of the flange 30 inward in the axial direction Z.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the flange stopper 61 comprises an annular piece of material secured in position on the roller shaft 6. The annular flange stopper 61 has a length dimensioned smaller than the radius R of the roller 52 in the trans-axial direction, and a width dimensioned shorter than the gap G between the axial end of the roller 52 and the contact surface 30a of the flange 30 in the axial direction Z.
The gap or spacing G between the axial end of the roller 52 and the contact surface 30a of the flange 30 may be set to a suitable range depending on the size of the roller 52. For example, where the roller 52 has a diameter R of 17.45 mm and an axial length of 322 mm, the roller-to-flange spacing G extends approximately 11.3 mm in the axial direction Z.
During operation, the flange 30, which is loosely supported on the roller shaft 6, may move inward toward the roller end in the axial direction Z. In such cases, the flange stopper 61 contacts the contact surface of the flange 30 to prevent further movement of the flange 30 inward in the axial direction Z, thereby maintaining the suitable gap G between the axial end of the roller 52 and the contact surface 30a of the flange 30 in the axial direction Z.
With still continued reference to FIGS. 2A through 2C, the belt positioning system 50 is shown including the belt alignment mechanism 40 for correcting lateral position of the belt 3.
Specifically, the belt alignment mechanism 40 includes a stationary member 42 fixed in position, and a slidable member 41 co-movably coupled with the roller shaft 6 and interposed between the flange 30 and the stationary member 42 in the axial direction Z. The slidable member 41 defines an inclined interfacial surface 41a inclined relative to the axial direction Z, along which the slidable member 41 slides against the stationary member 42 to cause the roller shaft 6 to move in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction Z as the flange 30 moves in the axial direction Z upon lateral movement of the belt 3.
More specifically, in the present embodiment, the stationary member 42 comprises a stationary structure having an opening defined therein through which the roller shaft 6 is inserted. The stationary member 42 is positioned axially outward from, and in contact with, the slidable member 41. The stationary member 42 does not move in the axial direction Z upon displacement of the roller shaft 6 and the slidable member 41.
The slidable member 41 comprises an attachment having a through-hole defined therein for passing the roller shaft 6 therethrough. The slidable member 41 is positioned axially outward from, and in contact with, the flange 30, so that the slidable member 41 may move in the axial direction Z along the roller shaft 6 as the flange 30 moves laterally in the axial direction Z, for example, upon lateral movement of the belt 3. A suitable rotation restrictor may be provided around the slidable member 41 to prevent the slidable member 41 from rotating together with the roller shaft 6.
The inclined surface 41a of the slidable member 41 comprises any inclined surface, such as a planar surface, a conical surface, or the like, positioned around the roller shaft 6 to contact an interfacial surface 42a, such as a chamfered edge, of the stationary member 42. In the present embodiment, the inclined surface 41a is disposed on an upper side of the roller shaft 6 and inclined downward toward the stationary member 42 in the axial direction Z. Alternatively, instead, the inclined surface 41a may be disposed on a lower side of the roller shaft 6 and inclined upward toward the stationary member 42 in the axial direction Z.
During operation, where the belt 3 is in its proper operational position, the belt edge 3a merely touches or slightly contacts the flange 30 with only a small contact pressure applied from the belt edge 3a to the flange 30, which does not cause the flange 30 to move outward in the axial direction Z. At this point, the roller shaft 6 remains in its normal position parallel to the axial direction Z, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
Where the belt 3 moves laterally outward in the axial direction Z, the contact pressure from the belt edge 3a to the flange 30 increases to cause the flange 30 to move outward in the axial direction Z against the slidable member 41, so that the slidable member 41 slides downward against the stationary member 42 along the inclined interfacial surface 41a. With the slidable member 41 thus descending, the roller shaft 6, which is co-movable with the slidable member 41, is forced downward in the vertical, trans-axial direction X perpendicular to the axial direction Z.
As a result, the roller 52, having its one axial end vertically displaced and the other axial end held in position, becomes inclined relative to other rollers included in the multi-roller assembly, as shown in FIG. 2C. Such inclination of the roller 52 eventually causes the belt 3 to move laterally inward to resume its proper operational position in the axial direction Z.
As mentioned earlier, provision of the spacing or gap G between the axial end of the roller 52 and the contact surface 30a of the flange 30 prevents an excessive load or pressure between the movable belt 3 and the flange 30. Reducing load on the flange 30 translates into a reduced amount of displacement experienced by the roller 52 where the belt alignment mechanism 40 corrects lateral movement of the belt 3. Combined use of the spacing or gap G with the belt alignment mechanism 40 thus prevents sudden, excessive movement of the belt 3 in the axial direction Z, which would otherwise result in misregistration of toner images transferred onto the belt surface.
With additional reference to FIG. 4, the belt alignment mechanism 40 is shown further including a stationary support 46 fixed in position, a swivelable member 43 co-movably coupled with the roller shaft 6 while hinged or pivoted to the stationary support 46 to rotate upon displacement of the roller shaft 6, and an elastic member 45 connected between the swivelable member 43 and the stationary support 46 to elastically retain the roller shaft 6 in position.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the stationary support 46 comprises a stationary structure having an opening defined therein through which the roller shaft 6 is inserted. The stationary support 46 is positioned axially outward from the stationary member 42. The stationary support 46 does not move in the axial direction Z where the roller shaft 6 moves or is displaced.
In the present embodiment, the swivelable member 43 comprises a positioning lever mounted to the roller shaft 6 via a bearing. The swivelable member 43 is located axially outward from the stationary support 46. A hinge or pivot 43a is provided between the stationary support 46 and the swivelable member 43, around which the swivelable member 43 rotates as the roller shaft 6 moves in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction Z.
In the present embodiment, the elastic member 45 comprises a coil spring disposed in tension between the stationary support 46 and the swivelable member 43. Alternatively, instead of a coil spring, the elastic member 45 may be configured as any suitable elastic material, such as a leaf spring, a rubber band, or the like.
During operation, where the roller shaft 6 moves downward in the vertical, trans-axial direction X for correcting the lateral position of the belt 3, the swivelable member 43 rotates in a first rotational direction a, counterclockwise in FIG. 4, around the hinge 43a. 
As rotation of the swivelable member 43 causes the elastic member 45 to stretch, the resultant elastic force, which opposes the change in length of the elastic member 45, causes the swivelable member 43 to rotate backward in a second rotational direction 13, clockwise in FIG. 4, around the hinge 43a. 
Thus, with the elastic member 45 connected between the swivelable member 43 and the stationary support 46, the roller shaft 6, which is co-movable with the swivelable member 43, tends to move upward after being displaced downward in the trans-axial direction X. Such elastic retention of the roller shaft 6 prevents the slidable member 41 from falling by gravity off the stationary member 42 upon inclination of the roller 52, leading to continuous contact between the interfacial surfaces 41a and 42a of the slidable member 41 and the stationary member 42 which allows for more reliable operation of the belt alignment mechanism 40.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views of the belt positioning system 50 according to a further embodiment of this patent specification.
As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the overall configuration of the belt positioning system 50 is similar to that depicted in FIGS. 2A through 2C, in which the contact surface 30a of the flange 30 is spaced apart from the axial end of the roller 52 in the axial direction Z. Specific configuration and operation of the system 50, including those of the flange 30 and the belt alignment mechanism 40, are similar to those depicted in the foregoing embodiment, and further description thereof is omitted for brevity.
Specifically, the belt positioning system 50 according to the present embodiment includes a spacer 7 interposed between the axial end of the roller 52 and the contact surface 30a of the flange 30. The spacer 7 has a length shorter than a diameter of the roller 52 in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction Z to create a spacing or gap Ga between the adjoining surfaces of the belt 3 and the spacer 7. The spacer 7 may be a separate, independent piece of material, or integrally formed with the flange 30.
More specifically, in the present embodiment, the spacer 7 comprises an annular cylinder coaxially mounted around the shaft 6 of the roller 52. The annular cylindrical spacer 7 has a radius r dimensioned smaller than the radius R of the roller 52 to create a generally annular gap Ga between the adjoining surfaces of the belt 3 and the spacer 7. It is to be noted that the spacer 7 may be configured in any suitable regular or irregular geometric shape, including not only cylinders, but also spheres, cubes, and other polygonal prisms, which properly serves its intended function.
As is the case with the foregoing embodiment, in the belt positioning system 50, the spacing or gap Ga created between the belt 3 and the spacer 7 serves to accommodate a portion of the belt 3 which bends under pressure between the belt 3 and the flange 30, where the belt 3 moves laterally outward in the axial direction Z, for example, due to a lack of parallel alignment between the belt supporting rollers.
During operation, the contact surface 30a of the flange 30 contacts the adjoining edge 3a of the belt 3 upon lateral displacement of the belt 3, as shown in FIG. 5A. At this point, a portion 3b adjacent to the belt edge 3a is subjected to two mutually opposed forces in the axial direction Z, one being an action force toward the contact surface 30a and the other being a reaction force from the contact surface 30a. As a result, the near-edge portion 3b of the belt 3 bends downward in the vertical, trans-axial direction X, intruding into the gap Ga between the adjoining surfaces of the belt 3 and the spacer 7, as shown in FIG. 5B.
For comparison purposes, consider a configuration in which no spacer is provided between the axial end of the roller and the contact surface of the flange, with reference to FIG. 6. In such cases, the edge or near-edge portion of the belt 3 can readily come off the contact surface 30a of the flange 30 to bend excessively downward by gravity into a relatively large space left between the adjoining surfaces of the belt 3 and the roller shaft 6, which would cause a substantial bending stress to damage the belt.
By contrast, provision of the spacer 7 between the contact surface 30a of the flange 30 and the axial end of the roller 52 in the axial direction Z prevents a substantial bending stress or damage to the belt 3, since the spacer 7 functions as a belt edge support that forms a raised platform around the roller shaft 6 on which the edge or near-edge portion of the belt 3 can rest without bending excessively downward within the gap Ga.
Although a particular configuration has been illustrated, the belt positioning system 50 according to this patent specification may be configured otherwise than that described herein. For example, instead of providing the flange 30 to only one axial end of a specific roller, the flange 30 may be operatively connected to each of two axial ends of the roller. Further, the flange 30 may be provided to more than one of the plurality of generally parallel rollers about which the movable belt is entrained.
Moreover, the belt positioning system 50 may be employed in any type of imaging equipment incorporating a multi-roller belt support assembly, such as an intermediate transfer unit for transferring a toner image from a photoconductive surface, a conveyance unit for conveying a recording medium, and a fixing unit for fixing a toner image in place on a recording medium, included in the image forming apparatus, such as a photocopier, facsimile machine, printer, plotter, or multifunctional machine incorporating several of these features.
In each of those alternative embodiments, various beneficial effects may be obtained owing to provision of the spacing or gap between the axial end of the roller and the contact surface of the flange as well as other aspects of the belt positioning system 50 according to this patent specification.
Numerous additional modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the disclosure of this patent specification may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.

## Claims

1. A belt unit, comprising:
a plurality of rollers,
a belt entrained about the plurality of rollers,
a flange set on an axial end of one of the plurality of rollers, the flange movable to contact an edge of the belt, and
a spacer interposed between the axial end of the roller and the flange, the spacer having a length shorter than a diameter of the roller in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the roller to create a gap between the belt and the spacer.

2. The belt unit according to claim 1, wherein the spacer is integrally formed with the flange.

3. The belt unit according to claim 1, wherein a distance between a central, rotational axis of the roller and a periphery of the flange exceeds a sum of a radius of the roller and a thickness of the belt.

4. The belt unit according to claim 1, wherein the roller has a shaft extending outward in the axial direction from the axial end thereof, the flange being freely rotatable around the roller shaft as the belt moves in a trans-axial direction.

5. The belt unit according to claim 1, wherein the roller has a shaft extending outward in the axial direction from the axial end thereof, the flange being freely movable in the axial direction along the roller shaft as the belt moves laterally in the axial direction.

6. The belt unit according to claim 5, further comprising:
a belt alignment mechanism disposed around the roller shaft outward from the flange in the axial direction to correct the lateral position of the belt by inclining the roller with respect to others of the plurality of rollers.

7. The belt unit according to claim 6, wherein the belt alignment mechanism includes:
a stationary member fixed in position; and
a slidable member co-movably coupled with the roller shaft and interposed between the flange and the stationary member in the axial direction,
the slidable member defining an inclined surface inclined relative to the axial direction, along which the slidable member slides against the stationary member to cause the roller shaft to move in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction as the flange moves in the axial direction upon lateral movement of the belt.

8. The belt unit according to claim 7, wherein the belt alignment mechanism further includes:
a stationary support fixed in position;
a swivelable member co-movably coupled with the roller shaft while hinged to the stationary support to rotate upon displacement of the roller shaft; and
an elastic member connected between the swivelable member and the stationary support to elastically retain the roller shaft in position.

9. The belt unit according to claim 1, wherein the flange is operatively connected to each of two axial ends of the roller.

10. The belt unit according to claim 1, wherein the flange is provided to more than one of the plurality of rollers.

11. An image forming apparatus employing the belt unit according to claim 1.

12. A multi-roller assembly for supporting a movable belt, the assembly comprising:
a plurality of rollers about which the movable belt is entrained; and
a flange operatively connected to an axial end of one of the plurality of rollers, the flange contacting an edge of the belt,
a spacer interposed between the axial end of the roller and the flange, the spacer having a length shorter than a diameter of the roller in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the roller to create a gap between the surfaces of the belt and the spacer.