J-S07017-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: J.F., A MINOR

APPEAL OF: E.R.F., FATHER

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 1046 WDA 2020

Appeal from the Order Entered August 24, 2020

In the Court of Common Pleas of Indiana County Civil Division at No(s): 

CP-32-DP-0000032-2020

BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., DUBOW, J., and KING, J.

MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED: MARCH 17, 2021

Appellant, E.R.F. (“Father”), appeals from the August 24, 2020 Order 

which adjudicated his son, J.F. (“Child”), dependent and ordered Child to 

remain in placement. Upon review, we affirm. 

The relevant procedural and factual history is as follows. In March 2020, 

Indiana County Children and Youth Services (“Agency”) received reports that 

fourteen-year-old Child experienced emotional and physical abuse in Father’s 

care. The reports included allegations that Father was stockpiling supplies to 

prepare for the end of the world, believed then-President Trump was the antiChrist, threatened to kill Child and family members if Child called police, hit 

Child after learning that Child did not share Father’s views, forced Child to 

watch internet videos about the end of the world, and demanded that Child 

sit naked in a bathtub with permethrin—an insecticide—twice a day. On March 

13, 2020, when the Agency and Pennsylvania State Police investigated
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Father’s home, they observed numerous firearms, helmets, bullet proof vests,

large quantities of food, and other survival items. Father agreed to sign a 

safety plan, and the Agency placed Child with a family friend. On May 5, 2020, 

when the family friend was no longer a placement resource, Father signed a 

voluntary placement agreement and the Agency placed Child in foster care.

The Agency filed a Dependency Petition on May 29, 2020, and on August 

20, 2020, after multiple continuances, the court held a hearing on the Petition. 

The Agency presented testimony from Lori Marshall, Agency case work 

supervisor. Ms. Marshall informed the court that, upon Agency investigation, 

the report of emotional abuse was indicated, but the report of physical abuse 

was unfounded. She recommended that the trial court adjudicate Child 

dependent, that Child remain in placement, and that the family participate in 

recommended services, including individual and family counseling. Father’s 

counsel did not present any evidence or testimony and stated on the record 

that Father agreed with the Agency’s recommendations. The trial court 

adjudicated Child dependent and awarded the Agency legal and physical 

custody of Child.1

Father filed a timely pro se Notice of Appeal and Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) 

Statement, prompting this Court to order Father’s court-appointed counsel to 

file a counseled Rule 1925(b) Statement. Counsel complied, and the trial 

court filed a responsive Rule 1925(a) Opinion. 

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1 Child’s mother, A.D., also agreed to adjudicate Child dependent; she is not 

a party to this appeal. 
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In his counseled Brief, Father raises the following issues for our review:

A. Whether the [] Agency failed to prove by clear and convincing 

evidence that [] Child is without proper care or control 

necessary for [] Child’s physical, mental or emotional health or 

morals as required by [42 Pa.C.S. § 6351]?

B. Whether the [] Agency failed to prove by clear and convincing 

evidence that the best interests of Child would be to remove 

the Child from the home of Appellant as required by [42 Pa.C.S. 

§ 6351]?

Father’s Br. at 5. 

We review findings in a dependency case for an abuse of discretion. In

re L.Z., 111 A.3d 1164, 1174 (Pa. 2015). This Court is required to accept the 

findings of fact and credibility determinations of the trial court if the record 

supports them, but not required to accept the lower court’s inferences or 

conclusions of law. Id. “The trial court is free to believe all, part, or none of 

the evidence presented and is likewise free to make all credibility 

determinations and resolve conflicts in the evidence.” Interest of T.G., 208 

A.3d 487, 490 (Pa. Super. 2019) (citation omitted), appeal denied, 211 A.3d 

750 (Pa. 2019). Notably, “we are not in a position to reweigh the evidence 

and the credibility determinations of the trial court.” In re R.J.T., 9 A.3d 

1179, 1190 (Pa. 2010).

To adjudicate a child dependent, a trial court must determine by clear 

and convincing evidence that the child, inter alia, “is without proper parental 

care or control, subsistence, education as required by law, or other care or 

control necessary for his physical, mental, or emotional health, or morals.” 
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In re A.B., 63 A.3d 345, 349 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citing 42 Pa.C.S. § 6302). 

Once a court finds a child to be dependent, the court can order a disposition 

best suited to the safety, protection and physical, mental and moral welfare 

of the child, including permitting the child to remain with his parents or 

transferring temporary legal custody to an agency authorized by law to care 

for the child. 42 Pa.C.S. § 6351(a). 

In his Brief, Father argues that the Agency put forth “unsubstantiated 

hearsay evidence” to demonstrate that Child was without proper parental 

control and, therefore, failed to meet its clear and convincing evidentiary 

burden. Father’s Br. at 17. Father maintains that he engaged in mental health 

therapy in the months leading up to Child’s adjudication of dependency, which 

remedied the conditions that necessitated Child’s removal from his home, 

namely Father’s emotional abuse. Id. at 18. Father argues that if he had 

been given the opportunity to testify, he would have been able to demonstrate 

this. Id. at 19, 20. Father’s issues are waived. 

It is axiomatic that claims that are not raised in the trial court cannot 

be raised for the first time on appeal. Pa.R.A.P. 302(a). A party must make 

a timely and specific objection to error at the appropriate stage of the 

proceedings before the trial court to preserve an issue for appellate review. 

In re J.A., 107 A.3d 799, 820 (Pa. Super. 2015). Failure to timely object will 

result in waiver of that issue. Id. This Court “will not consider a claim which 

was not called to the trial court's attention at a time when any error committed 

could have been corrected.” Id. (citation omitted).
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Instantly, during the adjudicatory hearing, Father agreed to Child’s 

adjudication of dependency and with the Agency’s recommendation that Child 

remain placed in foster care. Moreover, Father’s counsel failed to object to 

Ms. Marshall’s testimony based on hearsay or any other grounds and informed 

the court that Father did not wish to present any contradicting testimony or 

evidence. Accordingly, Father has failed to preserve any of the issues he 

raises in his Brief for our review, and we find them to be waived.

Order affirmed. 

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 3/17/2021