# Patent

## Title
Method for calculating and reporting a buffer status and device therefor

## Abstract

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and a device for calculating and reporting a buffer status in the wireless communication system, the method comprising: receiving a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) data transmission ratio and an offset value; calculating a first buffer status for the first BS and a second buffer status for the second BS based on the PDCP data transmission ratio; starting a timer for the first BS when the calculated first buffer status is reported to the first BS; checking whether an uplink (UL) grant is received from the first BS when the timer for the first BS expires; and updating the PDCP data transmission ratio using the offset value if the UL grant is not received from the first BS; and re-calculating the first buffer status for the first BS and the second buffer status for the second BS based on the updated PDCP data transmission ratio.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is the National Phase of PCT International Application No. PCT/KR2014/006929, filed on Jul. 29, 2014, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/859,302, filed on Jul. 29, 2013, all of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference into the present application.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a wireless communication system and, more particularly, to a method for calculating and reporting a buffer status and a device therefor.
BACKGROUND ART
As an example of a mobile communication system to which the present invention is applicable, a 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (hereinafter, referred to as LTE) communication system is described in brief.
FIG. 1 is a view schematically illustrating a network structure of an E-UMTS as an exemplary radio communication system. An Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (E-UMTS) is an advanced version of a conventional Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and basic standardization thereof is currently underway in the 3GPP. E-UMTS may be generally referred to as a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. For details of the technical specifications of the UMTS and E-UMTS, reference can be made to Release 7 and Release 8 of “3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network”.
Referring to FIG. 1, the E-UMTS includes a User Equipment (UE), eNode Bs (eNBs), and an Access Gateway (AG) which is located at an end of the network (E-UTRAN) and connected to an external network. The eNBs may simultaneously transmit multiple data streams for a broadcast service, a multicast service, and/or a unicast service.
One or more cells may exist per eNB. The cell is set to operate in one of bandwidths such as 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz and provides a downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) transmission service to a plurality of UEs in the bandwidth. Different cells may be set to provide different bandwidths. The eNB controls data transmission or reception to and from a plurality of UEs. The eNB transmits DL scheduling information of DL data to a corresponding UE so as to inform the UE of a time/frequency domain in which the DL data is supposed to be transmitted, coding, a data size, and hybrid automatic repeat and request (HARQ)-related information. In addition, the eNB transmits UL scheduling information of UL data to a corresponding UE so as to inform the UE of a time/frequency domain which may be used by the UE, coding, a data size, and HARQ-related information. An interface for transmitting user traffic or control traffic may be used between eNBs. A core network (CN) may include the AG and a network node or the like for user registration of UEs. The AG manages the mobility of a UE on a tracking area (TA) basis. One TA includes a plurality of cells.
Although wireless communication technology has been developed to LTE based on wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), the demands and expectations of users and service providers are on the rise. In addition, considering other radio access technologies under development, new technological evolution is required to secure high competitiveness in the future. Decrease in cost per bit, increase in service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, a simplified structure, an open interface, appropriate power consumption of UEs, and the like are required.
DISCLOSURE
Technical Problem
An object of the present invention devised to solve the problem lies in a method and device for a method for calculating and reporting a buffer status. The technical problems solved by the present invention are not limited to the above technical problems and those skilled in the art may understand other technical problems from the following description.
Technical Solution
The object of the present invention can be achieved by providing a method for operating by an apparatus in wireless communication system, the method comprising; receiving a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) data transmission ratio and an offset value; calculating a first buffer status for the first BS and a second buffer status for the second BS based on the PDCP data transmission ratio; starting a timer for the first BS when the calculated first buffer status is reported to the first BS; checking whether an uplink (UL) grant is received from the first BS when the timer for the first BS expires; and updating the PDCP data transmission ratio using the offset value if the UL grant is not received from the first BS; and re-calculating the first buffer status for the first BS and the second buffer status for the second BS based on the updated PDCP data transmission ratio.
In another aspect of the present invention provided herein is an apparatus in the wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising: an RF (radio frequency) module; and a processor configured to control the RF module, wherein the processor is configured to receive a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) data transmission ratio and an offset value, to calculate a first buffer status for the first BS and a second buffer status for the second BS based on the PDCP data transmission ratio, to start a timer for the first BS when the calculated first buffer status is reported to the first BS, to check whether an uplink (UL) grant is received from the first BS when the timer for the first BS expires, and to update the PDCP data transmission ratio using the offset value if the UL grant is not received from the first BS, and to re-calculat the first buffer status for the first BS and the second buffer status for the second BS based on the updated PDCP data transmission ratio.
Preferably, the method further comprises: dividing the calculated amount of DAT into the first amount of DAT and the second amount of DAT based on the ratio if the calculated amount of DAT is equal to or more than the threshold.
Preferably, the method further comprises: reporting the re-calculated first buffer status to the first BS and the re-calculated second buffer status to the second BS.
Preferably, wherein the PDCP data transmission ratio and the offset value are received from either the first BS or the second BS.
Preferably, the method further comprises: receiving a value of the timer for the first BS through Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling from either the first BS or the second BS.
Preferably, wherein if the offset value is ‘0%’, the first buffer status for the first BS is re-calculated as ‘0’.
Preferably, wherein if the re-calculated first buffer status is ‘0’, the first buffer status is not reported to the first BS.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
Advantageous Effects
According to the present invention, calculating and reporting a buffer status can be efficiently performed in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the UE can calculate and report each amount of data available for transmission to each base station in dual connectivity system.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that that the effects achieved by the present invention are not limited to what has been particularly described hereinabove and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.



DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a network structure of an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (E-UMTS) as an example of a wireless communication system;
FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating network structure of an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system (E-UMTS), and FIG. 2B is a block diagram depicting architecture of a typical E-UTRAN and a typical EPC;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a control plane and a user plane of a radio interface protocol between a UE and an E-UTRAN based on a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP.) radio access network standard;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example physical channel structure used in an E-UMTS system;
FIG. 5 is a diagram for carrier aggregation;
FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram for dual connectivity between a Master Cell Group (MCG) and a Secondary Cell Group (SCG);
FIG. 7a is a conceptual diagram for C-Plane connectivity of base stations involved in dual connectivity, and FIG. 7b is a conceptual diagram for U-Plane connectivity of base stations involved in dual connectivity;
FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram for radio protocol architecture for dual connectivity;
FIG. 9 is a diagram for a general overview of the LTE protocol architecture for the downlink;
FIG. 10 is a diagram for prioritization of two logical channels for three different uplink grants;
FIG. 11 is a diagram for signaling of buffer status and power-headroom reports;
FIG.12 is a conceptual diagram for one of radio protocol architecture for dual connectivity;
FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram for calculating and reporting buffer status for each base station according to embodiments of the present invention;
FIGS. 14 and 15 are examples of passBSR-Timer operation and update of the transmission rate based on the offset value according to embodiments of the present invention; and
FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.



BEST MODE
Universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) is a 3rd Generation (3G) asynchronous mobile communication system operating in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) based on European systems, global system for mobile communications (GSM) and general packet radio services (GPRS). The long-term evolution (LTE) of UMTS is under discussion by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) that standardized UMTS.
The 3GPP LTE is a technology for enabling high-speed packet communications. Many schemes have been proposed for the LTE objective including those that aim to reduce user and provider costs, improve service quality, and expand and improve coverage and system capacity. The 3G LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of a frequency band, a simple structure, an open interface, and adequate power consumption of a terminal as an upper-level requirement.
Hereinafter, structures, operations, and other features of the present invention will be readily understood from the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Embodiments described later are examples in which technical features of the present invention are applied to a 3GPP system.
Although the embodiments of the present invention are described using a long term evolution (LTE) system and a LTE-advanced (LTE-A) system in the present specification, they are purely exemplary. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention are applicable to any other communication system corresponding to the above definition. In addition, although the embodiments of the present invention are described based on a frequency division duplex (FDD) scheme in the present specification, the embodiments of the present invention may be easily modified and applied to a half-duplex FDD (H-FDD) scheme or a time division duplex (TDD) scheme.
FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating network structure of an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system (E-UMTS). The E-UMTS may be also referred to as an LTE system. The communication network is widely deployed to provide a variety of communication services such as voice (VoIP) through IMS and packet data.
As illustrated in FIG. 2A, the E-UMTS network includes an evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and one or more user equipment. The E-UTRAN may include one or more evolved NodeB (eNodeB) 20, and a plurality of user equipment (UE) 10 may be located in one cell. One or more E-UTRAN mobility management entity (MME)/system architecture evolution (SAE) gateways 30 may be positioned at the end of the network and connected to an external network.
As used herein, “downlink” refers to communication from eNodeB 20 to UE 10, and “uplink” refers to communication from the UE to an eNodeB. UE 10 refers to communication equipment carried by a user and may be also referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS) or a wireless device.
FIG. 2B is a block diagram depicting architecture of a typical E-UTRAN and a typical EPC.
As illustrated in FIG. 2B, an eNodeB 20 provides end points of a user plane and a control plane to the UE 10. MME/SAE gateway 30 provides an end point of a session and mobility management function for UE 10. The eNodeB and MME/SAE gateway may be connected via an S1 interface.
The eNodeB 20 is generally a fixed station that communicates with a UE 10, and may also be referred to as a base station (BS) or an access point. One eNodeB 20 may be deployed per cell. An interface for transmitting user traffic or control traffic may be used between eNodeBs 20.
The MME provides various functions including NAS signaling to eNodeBs 20, NAS signaling security, AS Security control, Inter CN node signaling for mobility between 3GPP access networks, Idle mode UE Reachability (including control and execution of paging retransmission), Tracking Area list management (for UE in idle and active mode), PDN GW and Serving GW selection, MME selection for handovers with MME change, SGSN selection for handovers to 2G or 3G 3GPP access networks, Roaming, Authentication, Bearer management functions including dedicated bearer establishment, Support for PWS (which includes ETWS and CMAS) message transmission. The SAE gateway host provides assorted functions including Per-user based packet filtering (by e.g. deep packet inspection), Lawful Interception, UE IP address allocation, Transport level packet marking in the downlink, UL and DL service level charging, gating and rate enforcement, DL rate enforcement based on APN-AMBR. For clarity MME/SAE gateway 30 will be referred to herein simply as a “gateway,” but it is understood that this entity includes both an MME and an SAE gateway.
A plurality of nodes may be connected between eNodeB 20 and gateway 30 via the S1 interface. The eNodeBs 20 may be connected to each other via an X2 interface and neighboring eNodeBs may have a meshed network structure that has the X2 interface.
As illustrated, eNodeB 20 may perform functions of selection for gateway 30, routing toward the gateway during a Radio Resource Control (RRC) activation, scheduling and transmitting of paging messages, scheduling and transmitting of Broadcast Channel (BCCH) information, dynamic allocation of resources to UEs 10 in both uplink and downlink, configuration and provisioning of eNodeB measurements, radio bearer control, radio admission control (RAC), and connection mobility control in LTE_ACTIVE state. In the EPC, and as noted above, gateway 30 may perform functions of paging origination, LTE-IDLE state management, ciphering of the user plane, System Architecture Evolution (SAE) bearer control, and ciphering and integrity protection of Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling.
The EPC includes a mobility management entity (MME), a serving-gateway (S-GW), and a packet data network-gateway (PDN-GW). The MME has information about connections and capabilities of UEs, mainly for use in managing the mobility of the UE The S-GW is a gateway having the E-UTRAN as an end point, and the PDN-GW is a gateway having a packet data network (PDN) as an end point.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a control plane and a user plane of a radio interface protocol between a UE and an E-UTRAN based on a 3GPP radio access network standard. The control plane refers to a path used for transmitting control messages used for managing a call between the UE and the E-UTRAN. The user plane refers to a path used for transmitting data generated in an application layer, e.g., voice data or Internet packet data.
A physical (PHY) layer of a first layer provides an information transfer service to a higher layer using a physical channel. The PHY layer is connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer located on the higher layer via a transport channel. Data is transported between the MAC layer and the PHY layer via the transport channel. Data is transported between a physical layer of a transmitting side and a physical layer of a receiving side via physical channels. The physical channels use time and frequency as radio resources. In detail, the physical channel is modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) scheme in downlink and is modulated using a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) scheme in uplink.
The MAC layer of a second layer provides a service to a radio link control (RLC) layer of a higher layer via a logical channel. The RLC layer of the second layer supports reliable data transmission. A function of the RLC layer may be implemented by a functional block of the MAC layer. A packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the second layer performs a header compression function to reduce unnecessary control information for efficient transmission of an Internet protocol (IP) packet such as an IP version 4 (IPv4) packet or an IP version 6 (IPv6) packet in a radio interface having a relatively small bandwidth.
A radio resource control (RRC) layer located at the bottom of a third layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer controls logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers (RBs). An RB refers to a service that the second layer provides for data transmission between the UE and the E-UTRAN. To this end, the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN exchange RRC messages with each other.
One cell of the eNB is set to operate in one of bandwidths such as 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz and provides a downlink or uplink transmission service to a plurality of UEs in the bandwidth. Different cells may be set to provide different bandwidths.
Downlink transport channels for transmission of data from the E-UTRAN to the UE include a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmission of system information, a paging channel (PCH) for transmission of paging messages, and a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmission of user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH and may also be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH).
Uplink transport channels for transmission of data from the UE to the E-UTRAN include a random access channel (RACH) for transmission of initial control messages and an uplink SCH for transmission of user traffic or control messages. Logical channels that are defined above the transport channels and mapped to the transport channels include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).
FIG. 4 is a view showing an example of a physical channel structure used in an E-UMTS system. A physical channel includes several subframes on a time axis and several subcarriers on a frequency axis. Here, one subframe includes a plurality of symbols on the time axis. One subframe includes a plurality of resource blocks and one resource block includes a plurality of symbols and a plurality of subcarriers. In addition, each subframe may use certain subcarriers of certain symbols (e.g., a first symbol) of a subframe for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), that is, an L1/L2 control channel. In FIG. 4, an L1/L2 control information transmission area (PDCCH) and a data area (PDSCH) are shown. In one embodiment, a radio frame of 10 ms is used and one radio frame includes 10 subframes. In addition, one subframe includes two consecutive slots. The length of one slot may be 0.5 ms. In addition, one subframe includes a plurality of OFDM symbols and a portion (e.g., a first symbol) of the plurality of OFDM symbols may be used for transmitting the L1/L2 control information. A transmission time interval (TTI) which is a unit time for transmitting data is 1 ms.
A base station and a UE mostly transmit/receive data via a PDSCH, which is a physical channel, using a DL-SCH which is a transmission channel, except a certain control signal or certain service data. Information indicating to which UE (one or a plurality of UEs) PDSCH data is transmitted and how the UE receive and decode PDSCH data is transmitted in a state of being included in the PDCCH.
For example, in one embodiment, a certain PDCCH is CRC-masked with a radio network temporary identity (RNTI) “A” and information about data is transmitted using a radio resource “B” (e.g., a frequency location) and transmission format information “C” (e.g., a transmission block size, modulation, coding information or the like) via a certain subframe. Then, one or more UEs located in a cell monitor the PDCCH using its RNTI information. And, a specific UE with RNTI “A” reads the PDCCH and then receive the PDSCH indicated by B and C in the PDCCH information.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for carrier aggregation.
Carrier aggregation technology for supporting multiple carriers is described with reference to FIG. 5 as follows. As mentioned in the foregoing description, it may be able to support system bandwidth up to maximum 100 MHz in a manner of bundling maximum 5 carriers (component carriers: CCs) of bandwidth unit (e.g., 20 MHz) defined in a legacy wireless communication system (e.g., LTE system) by carrier aggregation. Component carriers used for carrier aggregation may be equal to or different from each other in bandwidth size. And, each of the component carriers may have a different frequency band (or center frequency). The component carriers may exist on contiguous frequency bands. Yet, component carriers existing on non-contiguous frequency bands may be used for carrier aggregation as well. In the carrier aggregation technology, bandwidth sizes of uplink and downlink may be allocated symmetrically or asymmetrically.
Multiple carriers (component carriers) used for carrier aggregation may be categorized into primary component carrier (PCC) and secondary component carrier (SCC). The PCC may be called P-cell (primary cell) and the SCC may be called S-cell (secondary cell). The primary component carrier is the carrier used by a base station to exchange traffic and control signaling with a user equipment. In this case, the control signaling may include addition of component carrier, setting for primary component carrier, uplink (UL) grant, downlink (DL) assignment and the like. Although a base station may be able to use a plurality of component carriers, a user equipment belonging to the corresponding base station may be set to have one primary component carrier only. If a user equipment operates in a single carrier mode, the primary component carrier is used. Hence, in order to be independently used, the primary component carrier should be set to meet all requirements for the data and control signaling exchange between a base station and a user equipment.
Meanwhile, the secondary component carrier may include an additional component carrier that can be activated or deactivated in accordance with a required size of transceived data. The secondary component carrier may be set to be used only in accordance with a specific command and rule received from a base station. In order to support an additional bandwidth, the secondary component carrier may be set to be used together with the primary component carrier. Through an activated component carrier, such a control signal as a UL grant, a DL assignment and the like can be received by a user equipment from a base station. Through an activated component carrier, such a control signal in UL as a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix index (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), a sounding reference signal (SRS) and the like can be transmitted to a base station from a user equipment.
Resource allocation to a user equipment can have a range of a primary component carrier and a plurality of secondary component carriers. In a multi-carrier aggregation mode, based on a system load (i.e., static/dynamic load balancing), a peak data rate or a service quality requirement, a system may be able to allocate secondary component carriers to DL and/or UL asymmetrically. In using the carrier aggregation technology, the setting of the component carriers may be provided to a user equipment by a base station after RRC connection procedure. In this case, the RRC connection may mean that a radio resource is allocated to a user equipment based on RRC signaling exchanged between an RRC layer of the user equipment and a network via SRB. After completion of the RRC connection procedure between the user equipment and the base station, the user equipment may be provided by the base station with the setting information on the primary component carrier and the secondary component carrier. The setting information on the secondary component carrier may include addition/deletion (or activation/deactivation) of the secondary component carrier. Therefore, in order to activate a secondary component carrier between a base station and a user equipment or deactivate a previous secondary component carrier, it may be necessary to perform an exchange of RRC signaling and MAC control element.
The activation or deactivation of the secondary component carrier may be determined by a base station based on a quality of service (QoS), a load condition of carrier and other factors. And, the base station may be able to instruct a user equipment of secondary component carrier setting using a control message including such information as an indication type (activation/deactivation) for DL/UL, a secondary component carrier list and the like.
FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram for dual connectivity (DC) between a Master Cell Group (MCG) and a Secondary Cell Group (SCG).
The dual connectivity means that the UE can be connected to both a Master eNode-B (MeNB) and a Secondary eNode-B (SeNB) at the same time. The MCG is a group of serving cells associated with the MeNB, comprising of a PCell and optionally one or more SCells. And the SCG is a group of serving cells associated with the SeNB, comprising of the special SCell and optionally one or more SCells. The MeNB is an eNB which terminates at least S1-MME (S1 for the control plane) and the SeNB is an eNB that is providing additional radio resources for the UE but is not the MeNB.
With dual connectivity, some of the data radio bearers (DRBs) can be offloaded to the SCG to provide high throughput while keeping scheduling radio bearers (SRBs) or other DRBs in the MCG to reduce the handover possibility. The MCG is operated by the MeNB via the frequency of f1, and the SCG is operated by the SeNB via the frequency of f2. The frequency f1 and f2 may be equal. The backhaul interface (BH) between the MeNB and the SeNB is non-ideal (e.g. X2 interface), which means that there is considerable delay in the backhaul and therefore the centralized scheduling in one node is not possible.
FIG. 7a is a conceptual diagram for C-Plane connectivity of base stations involved in dual connectivity, and FIG. 7b is a conceptual diagram for U-Plane connectivity of base stations involved in dual connectivity.
FIG. 7a shows C-plane (Control Plane) connectivity of eNBs involved in dual connectivity for a certain UE. The MeNB is C-plane connected to the MME via S1-MME, the MeNB and the SeNB are interconnected via X2-C (X2-Control plane). As FIG. 7a, Inter-eNB control plane signaling for dual connectivity is performed by means of X2 interface signaling. Control plane signaling towards the MME is performed by means of S1 interface signaling. There is only one S1-MME connection per UE between the MeNB and the MME. Each eNB should be able to handle UEs independently, i.e. provide the PCell to some UEs while providing SCell(s) for SCG to others. Each eNB involved in dual connectivity for a certain UE owns its radio resources and is primarily responsible for allocating radio resources of its cells, respective coordination between MeNB and SeNB is performed by means of X2 interface signaling.
FIG. 7b shows U-plane connectivity of eNBs involved in dual connectivity for a certain UE. U-plane connectivity depends on the bearer option configured: i) For MCG bearers, the MeNB is U-plane connected to the S-GW via S1-U, the SeNB is not involved in the transport of user plane data, ii) For split bearers, the MeNB is U-plane connected to the S-GW via S1-U and in addition, the MeNB and the SeNB are interconnected via X2-U, and iii) For SCG bearers, the SeNB is directly connected with the S-GW via S1-U. If only MCG and split bearers are configured, there is no S1-U termination in the SeNB. In the dual connectivity, enhancement of the small cell is required in order to data offloading from the group of macro cells to the group of small cells. Since the small cells can be deployed apart from the macro cells, multiple schedulers can be separately located in different nodes and operate independently from the UE point of view. This means that different scheduling node would encounter different radio resource environment, and hence, each scheduling node may have different scheduling results.
FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram for radio protocol architecture for dual connectivity.
E-UTRAN of the present example can support dual connectivity operation whereby a multiple receptions/transmissions(RX/TX) UE in RRC_CONNECTED is configured to utilize radio resources provided by two distinct schedulers, located in two eNBs (or base stations) connected via a non-ideal backhaul over the X2 interface. The eNBs involved in dual connectivity for a certain UE may assume two different roles: an eNB may either act as the MeNB or as the SeNB. In dual connectivity, a UE can be connected to one MeNB and one SeNB.
In the dual connectivity operation, the radio protocol architecture that a particular bearer uses depends on how the bearer is setup. Three alternatives exist, MCG bearer (801), split bearer (803) and SCG bearer (805). Those three alternatives are depicted on FIG. 8. The SRBs (Signaling Radio Bearers) are always of the MCG bearer and therefore only use the radio resources provided by the MeNB. The MCG bearer (801) is a radio protocol only located in the MeNB to use MeNB resources only in the dual connectivity. And the SCG bearer (805) is a radio protocol only located in the SeNB to use SeNB resources in the dual connectivity.
Specially, the split bearer (803) is a radio protocol located in both the MeNB and the SeNB to use both MeNB and SeNB resources in the dual connectivity and the split bearer (803) may be a radio bearer comprising one Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) entity, two Radio Link Control (RLC) entities and two Medium Access Control (MAC) entities for one direction. Specially, the dual connectivity operation can also be described as having at least one bearer configured to use radio resources provided by the SeNB.
FIG. 9 is a diagram for a general overview of the LTE protocol architecture for the downlink.
A general overview of the LTE protocol architecture for the downlink is illustrated in FIG. 9. Furthermore, the LTE protocol structure related to uplink transmissions is similar to the downlink structure in FIG. 9, although there are differences with respect to transport format selection and multi-antenna transmission.
Data to be transmitted in the downlink enters in the form of IP packets on one of the SAE bearers (901). Prior to transmission over the radio interface, incoming IP packets are passed through multiple protocol entities, summarized below and described in more detail in the following sections:

    
    
        Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP, 903) performs IP header compression to reduce the number of bits necessary to transmit over the radio interface. The header-compression mechanism is based on ROHC, a standardized header-compression algorithm used in WCDMA as well as several other mobile-communication standards. PDCP (903) is also responsible for ciphering and integrity protection of the transmitted data. At the receiver side, the PDCP protocol performs the corresponding deciphering and decompression operations. There is one PDCP entity per radio bearer configured for a mobile terminal.
        Radio Link Control (RLC, 905) is responsible for segmentation/concatenation, retransmission handling, and in-sequence delivery to higher layers. Unlike WCDMA, the RLC protocol is located in the eNodeB since there is only a single type of node in the LTE radio-access-network architecture. The RLC (905) offers services to the PDCP (903) in the form of radio bearers. There is one RLC entity per radio bearer configured for a terminal.
        Medium Access Control (MAC, 907) handles hybrid-ARQ retransmissions and uplink and downlink scheduling. The scheduling functionality is located in the eNodeB, which has one MAC entity per cell, for both uplink and downlink. The hybrid-ARQ protocol part is present in both the transmitting and receiving end of the MAC protocol. The MAC (907) offers services to the RLC (905) in the form of logical channels (909).
        Physical Layer (PHY, 911), handles coding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, multi-antenna mapping, and other typical physical layer functions. The physical layer (911) offers services to the MAC layer (907) in the form of transport channels (913).
    
    


The MAC (907) offers services to the RLC (905) in the form of logical channels (909). A logical channel (909) is defined by the type of information it carries and are generally classified into control channels, used for transmission of control and configuration information necessary for operating an LTE system, and traffic channels, used for the user data.
The set of logical-channel types specified for LTE includes:

    
    
        Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), used for transmission of system control information from the network to all mobile terminals in a cell. Prior to accessing the system, a mobile terminal needs to read the information transmitted on the BCCH to find out how the system is configured, for example the bandwidth of the system.
        Paging Control Channel (PCCH), used for paging of mobile terminals whose location on cell level is not known to the network and the paging message therefore needs to be transmitted in multiple cells.
        Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH), used for transmission of control information to/from a mobile terminal. This channel is used for individual configuration of mobile terminals such as different handover messages.
        Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), used for transmission of control information required for reception of the MTCH.
        Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH), used for transmission of user data to/from a mobile terminal. This is the logical channel type used for transmission of all uplink and non-MBMS downlink user data.
        Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH), used for downlink transmission of MBMS services.
    
    


FIG. 10 is a diagram for prioritization of two logical channels for three different uplink grants.
Multiple logical channels of different priorities can be multiplexed into the same transport block using the same MAC multiplexing functionality as in the downlink. However, unlike the downlink case, where the prioritization is under control of the scheduler and up to the implementation, the uplink multiplexing is done according to a set of well-defined rules in the terminal as a scheduling grant applies to a specific uplink carrier of a terminal, not to a specific radio bearer within the terminal. Using radio-bearer-specific scheduling grants would increase the control signaling overhead in the downlink and hence per-terminal scheduling is used in LTE.
The simplest multiplexing rule would be to serve logical channels in strict priority order. However, this may result in starvation of lower-priority channels; all resources would be given to the high-priority channel until its transmission buffer is empty. Typically, an operator would instead like to provide at least some throughput for low-priority services as well. Therefore, for each logical channel in an LTE terminal, a prioritized data rate is configured in addition to the priority value. The logical channels are then served in decreasing priority order up to their prioritized data rate, which avoids starvation as long as the scheduled data rate is at least as large as the sum of the prioritized data rates. Beyond the prioritized data rates, channels are served in strict priority order until the grant is fully exploited or the buffer is empty. This is illustrated in FIG. 10.
Regarding FIG. 10, it may be assumed that a priority of the logical channel 1 (LCH 1) is higher than a priority of the logical channel 2 (LCH 2). In case of (A), all prioritized data of the LCH 1 can be transmitted and a portion of prioritized data of the LCH 2 can be transmitted until amount of the scheduled data rate. In case of (B), all prioritized data of the LCH 1 and all prioritized data of the LCH 2 can be transmitted. In case of (C) all prioritized data of the LCH 1 and all prioritized data of the LCH 2 can be transmitted and a portion of data of the LCH 1 can be further transmitted.
FIG. 11 is a diagram for signaling of buffer status and power-headroom reports.
The scheduler needs knowledge about the amount of data awaiting transmission from the terminals to assign the proper amount of uplink resources. Obviously, there is no need to provide uplink resources to a terminal with no data to transmit as this would only result in the terminal performing padding to fill up the granted resources. Hence, as a minimum, the scheduler needs to know whether the terminal has data to transmit and should be given a grant. This is known as a scheduling request.
The use of a single bit for the scheduling request is motivated by the desire to keep the uplink overhead small, as a multi-bit scheduling request would come at a higher cost. A consequence of the single bit scheduling request is the limited knowledge at the eNodeB about the buffer situation at the terminal when receiving such a request. Different scheduler implementations handle this differently. One possibility is to assign a small amount of resources to ensure that the terminal can exploit them efficiently without becoming power limited. Once the terminal has started to transmit on the UL-SCH, more detailed information about the buffer status and power headroom can be provided through the inband MAC control message, as discussed below.
Terminals that already have a valid grant obviously do not need to request uplink resources. However, to allow the scheduler to determine the amount of resources to grant to each terminal in future subframes, information about the buffer situation and the power availability is useful, as discussed above. This information is provided to the scheduler as part of the uplink transmission through MAC control element. The LCID field in one of the MAC subheaders is set to a reserved value indicating the presence of a buffer status report, as illustrated in FIG. 11.
From a scheduling perspective, buffer information for each logical channel is beneficial, although this could result in a significant overhead. Logical channels are therefore grouped into logical-channel groups and the reporting is done per group. The buffer-size field in a buffer-status report indicates the amount of data awaiting transmission across all logical channels in a logical-channel group. A buffer status report represents one or all four logical-channel groups and can be triggered for the following reasons:
i) Arrival of data with higher priority than currently in the transmission buffer—that is, data in a logical-channel group with higher priority than the one currently being transmitted—as this may impact the scheduling decision.
ii) Change of serving cell, in which case a buffer-status report is useful to provide the new serving cell with information about the situation in the terminal.
iii) Periodically as controlled by a timer.
iv) Instead of padding. If the amount of padding required to match the scheduled transport block size is larger than a buffer-status report, a buffer-status report is inserted. Clearly it is better to exploit the available payload for useful scheduling information instead of padding if possible.
Data Available for Transmission in a PDCP Entity
For the purpose of MAC buffer status reporting, the UE shall consider PDCP Control PDUs, as well as the following as data available for transmission in the PDCP entity:
For SDUs for which no PDU has been submitted to lower layers: i) the SDU itself, if the SDU has not yet been processed by PDCP, or ii) the PDU if the SDU has been processed by PDCP.
In addition, for radio bearers that are mapped on RLC AM, if the PDCP entity has previously performed the re-establishment procedure, the UE shall also consider the following as data available for transmission in the PDCP entity:
For SDUs for which a corresponding PDU has only been submitted to lower layers prior to the PDCP re-establishment, starting from the first SDU for which the delivery of the corresponding PDUs has not been confirmed by the lower layer, except the SDUs which are indicated as successfully delivered by the PDCP status report, if received: i) the SDU, if it has not yet been processed by PDCP, or ii) the PDU once it has been processed by PDCP.
Data Available for Transmission in a RLC Entity
For the purpose of MAC buffer status reporting, the UE shall consider the following as data available for transmission in the entity: i) RLC SDUs, or segments thereof, that have not yet been included in an RLC data PDU, ii) RLC data PDUs, or portions thereof, that are pending for retransmission (RLC AM).
In addition, if a STATUS PDU has been triggered and t-StatusProhibit is not running or has expired, the UE shall estimate the size of the STATUS PDU that will be transmitted in the next transmission opportunity, and consider this as data available for transmission in the RLC layer.
Buffer Status Reporting (BSR)
The Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) procedure is used to provide a serving eNB with information about the amount of data available for transmission (DAT) in the UL buffers of the UE. RRC may control BSR reporting by configuring the two timers periodicBSR-Timer and retxBSR-Timer and by, for each logical channel, optionally signalling Logical Channel Group which allocates the logical channel to an LCG (Logical Channel Group).
For the Buffer Status reporting procedure, the UE may consider all radio bearers which are not suspended and may consider radio bearers which are suspended. A Buffer Status Report (BSR) may be triggered if any of the following events occur:

    
    
        UL data, for a logical channel which belongs to a LCG, becomes available for transmission in the RLC entity or in the PDCP entity and either the data belongs to a logical channel with higher priority than the priorities of the logical channels which belong to any LCG and for which data is already available for transmission, or there is no data available for transmission for any of the logical channels which belong to a LCG, in which case the BSR is referred below to as “Regular BSR”;
        UL resources are allocated and number of padding bits is equal to or larger than the size of the Buffer Status Report MAC control element plus its subheader, in which case the BSR is referred below to as “Padding BSR”;
        retxBSR-Timer expires and the UE has data available for transmission for any of the logical channels which belong to a LCG, in which case the BSR is referred below to as “Regular BSR”;
        periodicBSR-Timer expires, in which case the BSR is referred below to as “Periodic BSR”.
    
    


A MAC PDU may contain at most one MAC BSR control element, even when multiple events trigger a BSR by the time a BSR can be transmitted in which case the Regular BSR and the Periodic BSR shall have precedence over the padding BSR.
The UE may restart retxBSR-Timer upon indication of a grant for transmission of new data on any UL-SCH.
All triggered BSRs may be cancelled in case UL grants in this subframe can accommodate all pending data available for transmission but is not sufficient to additionally accommodate the BSR MAC control element plus its subheader. All triggered BSRs shall be cancelled when a BSR is included in a MAC PDU for transmission.
The UE shall transmit at most one Regular/Periodic BSR in a TTI. If the UE is requested to transmit multiple MAC PDUs in a TTI, it may include a padding BSR in any of the MAC PDUs which do not contain a Regular/Periodic BSR.
All BSRs transmitted in a TTI always reflect the buffer status after all MAC PDUs have been built for this TTI. Each LCG shall report at the most one buffer status value per TTI and this value shall be reported in all BSRs reporting buffer status for this LCG.
FIG.12 is a conceptual diagram for one of radio protocol architecture for dual connectivity.
‘Data available for transmission’ is defined in PDCP and RLC layers to be used for Buffer Status Reporting (BSR), Logical Channel Prioritization (LCP), and Random Access Preamble Group (RAPG) selection in MAC layer. In the prior art, there are only one PDCP entity and one RLC entity for one direction (i.e. uplink or downlink) in a Radio Bearer, and thus, when the UE calculates ‘data available for transmission’, it just sums up the data available for transmission in PDCP and that in RLC.
However, in LTE Rel-12, a new study on dual connectivity, i.e. UE is connected to both MeNB (1201) and SeNB (1203), as shown in FIG.12. In this figure, the interface between MeNB (1201) and SeNB (1203) is called Xn interface (1205). The Xn interface (1205) is assumed to be non-ideal; i.e. the delay in Xn interface could be up to 60 ms, but it is not limited thereto.
To support dual connectivity, one of the potential solutions is for the UE (1207) to transmit data to both MeNB (1201) and SeNB (1203) utilizing a new RB structure called dual RLC/MAC scheme, where a single RB has one PDCP—two RLC—two MAC for one direction, and RLC/MAC pair is configured for each cell, as shown in FIG. 12. In this figure, BE-DRB (1209) stands for DRB for Best Effort traffic.
In this case, the BSR function is performed in each MAC entity since the UL resource scheduling node is located in different areas, i.e., one in MeNB and the other in SeNB. After the UE (1207) transmits the BSR from each MAC entity to the corresponding eNB, the UE receives the UL grant from the corresponding MeNB and the SeNB.
Since the UE receives the UL grant from MeNB and the SeNB and they are located in different areas, there is a case that the UE does not receive the UL grant from one concerned eNB continuously while the UE receives the UL grant from other eNBs successfully, which leads a stall situation for the concerned serving cell.
For example, the SeNB can postpone scheduling the UL resource for the UE due to the SeNB's scheduling policy or traffic. However, the UE will keep waiting to receive UL grant from the SeNB since the UE cannot predict the SeNB's behavior of scheduling UL resources.
Although the UE shall trigger the BSR upon the BSR related timer expiry, the SeNB may still postpone scheduling the UE. It is not desirable from the resource efficiency aspect when the UE has a dual connectivity with a MCG and a SCG so that the UE can perform the UL transmission via other connection. Additionally, although the UE keeps a retxBSR-Timer in the prior art to avoid the stall situation that occurs when the UE sends the BSR but does not receive the UL grant from the eNB due to the loss in the air, the retxBSR-Timer only controls the stall situation of a UE and cannot control the stall situation for the independent MCG and SCG.
FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram for calculating and reporting buffer status for each base station according to embodiments of the present invention.
The dual connectivity means that the UE can be connected to both a first base station and a second base station at the same time. The first base station may be a Master eNode-B (MeNB) and the second base station may be a Secondary eNode-B (SeNB), and vice versa.
A MCG is a group of serving cells associated with the MeNB, comprising of a PCell and optionally one or more SCells. And a SCG is a group of serving cells associated with the SeNB, comprising of the special SCe11 and optionally one or more SCells. The MeNB is an eNB which terminates at least S1-MME (S1 for the control plane) and the SeNB is an eNB that is providing additional radio resources for the UE but is not the MeNB.
With dual connectivity, some of the data radio bearers (DRBs) can be offloaded to the SCG to provide high throughput while keeping scheduling radio bearers (SRBs) or other DRBs in the MCG to reduce the handover possibility. The MCG is operated by the MeNB via the frequency of f1, and the SCG is operated by the SeNB via the frequency of f2. The frequency f1 and f2 may be equal. The backhaul interface between the MeNB and the SeNB is non-ideal, which means that there is considerable delay in the backhaul and therefore the centralized scheduling in one node is not possible.
To control the Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) adaptively considering the scheduling from the first BS and the second BS for the UE with a dual connectivity, triggers the BSR and/or re-calculates the BSR size when the UE detects that the UE does not receive the UL grant from a concerned BS (i.e., first BS and the second BS) for a certain time period. In detail, The UE controls a new timer on a BSR per cell and triggers the BSR based on the timer. Additionally, the UE adaptively calculates the buffer size for BSR based on the new timer.
In this invention, new word of “passBSR-Timer” can be defined as follows. For the UE with a dual connectivity, the UE keeps independent timers for the first BS and the second BS, called the “passBSR-Timer”. When the timer expires, the UE shall trigger the BSR if the UE does not receive the UL grant from the concerned BS corresponding to the expired timer while the UE receives the UL grant from others.
The UE can receive a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) data transmission ratio and offset value from either the first BS or the second BS (S1301). And the UE can calculate a first buffer status for the first BS and a second buffer status for the second BS based on the PDCP data transmission ratio (S1303). UE can generate a BSR MAC Control Element (CE) to MeNB or the SeNB, respectfully. And the UE can start a timer (S1307) when the calculated buffer status is reported to the each BS (S1305).
Desirably, the timer may be a “passBSR-Timer”. And the passBSR-Timer is present for each BS. Thus, in the steps of S1305 and S1307, when the UE report the first buffer status to the first BS, the starting timer is for the first BS. And when the UE report the second buffer status to the second BS, the starting timer is for the second BS.
In the step of S1301, the UE can further receive the configuration information of passBSR-Timer for the first BS and the second BS through RRC signaling from either of the first BS or the second BS. The passBSR-Timer may indicate the value in number of subframes, time (e.g.,mili-seconds), or multiple of other timers on BSR (e.g., multiple of retxBSR-Timer).
When the UE is configured with the passBSR-Timer, the UE can stop the passBSR-Timer as follows:
i) Stop the timer, pass BSR-Timer for the concerned cell when the UE receives the UL grant from the corresponding BS, or
ii) Stop the timer, pass BSR-Timer for the concerned cell when there is no more data available for transmission for the first BS or the second BS
When the passBSR-Timer for the first BS or the second BS expires, the UE can check whether an uplink grant is received from the each BS or not (S1309).
when the UE didn't receive the UL grant from the first BS and UE receive the UL grant from the second BS upon the timer for the first BS expiry, the UE re-calculate the amount of data available for transmission in PDCP to be reported to the first BS and the second BS using the updated PDCP data transmission ratio (S1311).
Desirably, the UE may calculate an amount of data available for transmission in PDCP to be reported to the first BS and the second BS using the updating ratio, which is configured by the network.
For this purpose, the UE can update the PDCP data transmission ratio using the offset value received in the step of S1301. The offset value indicates the ratio of ‘the updated transmission ratio of PDCP data transmitted to RLC for first BS’ to ‘the current transmission ratio of PDCP data transmitted to RLC for first BS, or ‘the updated transmission ratio of PDCP data transmitted to RLC for second BS’ to ‘the current transmission ratio of PDCP data transmitted to RLC for second BS’. The offset value may be configured by either the first BS or the second BS through RRC signaling or PDCP signaling or MAC signaling, when the RB is configured or reconfigured. The offset value can be a form of ratio, or percentile, or any type of information that indicates the amount of updated ratio of the current transmission ratio.
When the UE is configured with the offset value, if the passBSR-Timer expires, the UE re-calculates the amount of data available for transmission in PDCP for the first BS and the second BS using the transmission ratio updated based on the offset value.
For example, if the current transmission ratio is 3:7, and the offset value is set to 90% indicating the ratio of ‘the updated transmission ratio of PDCP data transmitted to RLC for first BS’ to ‘the current transmission ratio of PDCP data transmitted to RLC for first BS, the transmission ratio is updated to (3×0.9):10−(3×0.7)=2.7:7.3 when passBSR-Timer expires for the first BS.
Additionally, when the passBSR-Timer for the first BS or the second BS expires, the UE shall trigger the BSR for the concerned cell (S1313).
Until the expiry of the passBSR-Timer for the first BS, if the UE does not receive the UL grant from the first BS while the UE receives the UL grant at least one time for the second BS, the UE can trigger the BSR for the first BS or the second BS.
The UE can report the re-calculated first buffer status the first BS and the re-calculated second buffer status the second BS (S1315).
FIG. 14 is an example of passBSR-Timer operation and update of the transmission rate based on the offset value according to embodiments of the present invention.
The UE is configured with the transmission rate, the offset value, and the passBSR-Timer by the network (i.e., either the first BS or the second BS). In this example, the initial transmission rate is 2:8 and the offset value is 90%. Thus, the UE calculates the data available for transmission in PDCP and divides it into the data available for transmission in PDCP for the first BS and the second BS with the initial ratio of 2:8 (S1401).
At T1, the UE transmits buffer status reporting using MAC PDU including the BSR Command MAC CE for the first BS and the second BS, respectively (S1403). At this time, to determine the buffer size to be reported through the BSR, the UE calculates the data available for PDCP for the first BS and the second BS using the initial transmission rate 2:8. Additionally, at T1, the UE starts the passBSR-Timers for first BS and the second BS.
At T2, the UE receives the UL grant from the first BS corresponding to the BSR reported to the first BS (S1405).
At T3, the UE transmits buffer status reporting using the MAC PDU including the BSR Command MAC CE for first BS using the initial transmission rate of 2:8. The UE restarts the passBSR-Timer for the first BS (S1407).
At T4, the UE receives the UL grant from the first BS corresponding to the BSR reported to the first BS (S1409).
At T5, the passBSR-Timer for second BS expires. The UE checks whether the UE receives the UL grant from the first BS and the second BS. The UE detects that the UE does not receive the UL grant from the second BS while the UE receives the UL grant from the first BS during the passBSR-Timer for the second BS is running. Thus, the UE updates the transmission rate using the offset value, i.e., the updated transmission rate can be (10−(8×0.9)):8×0.9=2.8:7.2.
At T5, the UE triggers the BSR and transmits buffer status reporting using the MAC PDU including the BSR Command MAC CE for first BS using the updated transmission rate of 2.8:7.2 and restarts the passBSR-Timer for first BS. The UE transmits buffer status reporting using the MAC PDU including the BSR Command MAC CE for the second cell using the updated transmission rate of 2.8:7.2 and restarts the passBSR-Timer for second BS (S1411).
FIG. 15 is an example of passBSR-Timer operation and update of the transmission rate based on the offset value according to embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 15 shows another example procedure of this invention. In this example, transmitting the BSR can be prohibited by updating the transmission using the offset value of 0%.
The UE is configured with the transmission rate, the offset value, and the passBSR-Timer by the network (i.e., either the first BS or the second BS). In this example, the initial transmission rate is 2:8 and the offset value is 0%. Thus, the UE calculates the data available for transmission in PDCP and divides it into the data available for transmission in PDCP for first BS and second BS with the initial ratio of 2:8 (S1501).
At T1, the UE transmits buffer status using a MAC PDU including the BSR Command MAC CE for the first BS and the second BS, respectively. At this time, to determine the buffer size to be reported through the BSR, the UE calculates the data available for PDCP for the first BS and the second BS using the initial translation 2:8. Additionally, at T1, the UE starts the passBSR-Timers for the first BS and the second BS (S1503).
At T2, the UE receives the UL grant from the first BS corresponding to the BSR reported to the first BS (1505).
At T3, the UE transmits buffer status using the MAC PDU including the BSR Command MAC CE for the first BS using the initial transmission rate of 2:8. The UE restarts the passBSR-Timer for the first BS (S1507).
At T4, the UE receives the UL grant from the first BS corresponding to the BSR reported to the first BS (S1509).
At T5, the passBSR-Timer for the second BS expires. The UE checks whether the UE receives the UL grant from the first BS and the second BS. The UE detects that the UE does not receive the UL grant from the second BS while the UE receives the UL grant from the first BS during the passBSR-Timer for the second BS is running. Thus, the UE updates the transmission rate using the offset value, i.e., the updated transmission rate is (10−(8×0)):8×0=10:0.
At T5, the UE triggers the BSR. Since the updated transmission rate is 10:0, the UE does not assign any PDCP data available for transmission to the second BS so that the amount of data available for transmission in PDCP for the first BS is equal to the amount of data available for transmission in PDCP and the amount of data available for transmission in PDCP for second BS is zero. The UE restarts the passBSR-Timer only for the first BS (S1511).
In the step of S1511, the UE triggers the BSR for the first BS only. Thus, the UE may not transmit buffer status reporting for the second BS to the second BS.
FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The apparatus shown in FIG. 16 can be a user equipment (UE) and/or eNB adapted to perform the above mechanism, but it can be any apparatus for performing the same operation.
As shown in FIG. 16, the apparatus may comprises a DSP/microprocessor (110) and a transceiver (135) (i.e., a radio frequency (RF) module). The DSP/microprocessor (110) is electrically connected with the transceiver (135) and controls it. The apparatus may further include power management module (105), battery (155), display (115), keypad (120), SIM card (125), memory device (130), speaker (145) and input device (150), based on its implementation and designer's choice.
Specifically, FIG. 16 may represent a UE comprising a transceiver (135) having a receiver configured to receive a request message from a network, and a transmitter configured to transmit transmission or reception timing information to the network. The UE further comprises a processor (110) connected to the transceiver (135).
Also, FIG. 16 may represent a network apparatus comprising a transceiver (135) having a transmitter configured to transmit a request message to a UE and a receiver configured to receive transmission or reception timing information from the UE. The network further comprises a processor (110) connected to the transmitter and the receiver. This processor (110) may be configured to calculate latency based on the transmission or reception timing information.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
The embodiments of the present invention described herein below are combinations of elements and features of the present invention. The elements or features may be considered selective unless otherwise mentioned. Each element or feature may be practiced without being combined with other elements or features. Further, an embodiment of the present invention may be constructed by combining parts of the elements and/or features. Operation orders described in embodiments of the present invention may be rearranged. Some constructions of any one embodiment may be included in another embodiment and may be replaced with corresponding constructions of another embodiment. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that claims that are not explicitly cited in each other in the appended claims may be presented in combination as an embodiment of the present invention or included as a new claim by subsequent amendment after the application is filed.
In the embodiments of the present invention, a specific operation described as performed by the BS may be performed by an upper node of the BS. Namely, it is apparent that, in a network comprised of a plurality of network nodes including a BS, various operations performed for communication with an MS may be performed by the BS, or network nodes other than the BS. The term ‘eNB’ may be replaced with the term ‘fixed station’, ‘Node B’, ‘Base Station (BS)’, ‘access point’, etc.
The above-described embodiments may be implemented by various means, for example, by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
In a hardware configuration, the method according to the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, or microprocessors.
In a firmware or software configuration, the method according to the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in the form of modules, procedures, functions, etc. performing the above-described functions or operations. Software code may be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit may be located at the interior or exterior of the processor and may transmit and receive data to and from the processor via various known means.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be carried out in other specific ways than those set forth herein without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the present invention. The above embodiments are therefore to be construed in all aspects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, not by the above description, and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
While the above-described method has been described centering on an example applied to the 3GPP LTE system, the present invention is applicable to a variety of wireless communication systems in addition to the 3GPP LTE system.

## Claims

1. A method for a user equipment (UE) operating in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
calculating a first buffer status for a first base station (BS) and a second buffer status for a second BS respectively, by dividing an amount of data available for transmission in a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) entity based on a PDCP data transmission ratio;
starting a timer for the first BS when the calculated first buffer status is reported to the first BS;
updating the PDCP data transmission ratio using an offset value, when the timer for the first BS expires without an uplink grant for the buffer status having been received from the first BS;
re-calculating the first buffer status for the first BS and the second buffer status for the second BS respectively, by dividing the amount of data available for transmission in the PDCP entity based on the updated PDCP data transmission ratio; and
transmitting the re-calculated first buffer status to the first BS and the re-calculated second buffer status to the second BS,
wherein the PDCP data transmission ratio and the offset value used for updating the PDCP data transmission ratio is configured in a radio bearer comprising the PDCP entity connected with the first BS and the second BS simultaneously.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PDCP data transmission ratio and the offset value are received from either the first BS or the second BS.

3. The method according to claim 1, the method further comprising:
receiving a value of the timer for the first BS through Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling from either the first BS or the second BS.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein if the offset value is ‘0%’, the first buffer status for the first BS is re-calculated as ‘0’.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the re-calculated first buffer status is ‘0’, the first buffer status is not reported to the first BS.

6. A user equipment (UE) operating in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising:
a transmitter;
a receiver; and
a processor operably coupled with the transmitter and the receiver and configured to:
calculate a first buffer status for a first base station (BS) and a second buffer status for the second BS respectively, by dividing an amount of data available for transmission in a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) entity based on a PDCP data transmission ratio,
start a timer for the first BS when the calculated first buffer status is reported to the first BS,
update the PDCP data transmission ratio using an offset value, when the timer for the first BS expires without an uplink grant for the buffer status having been received from the first BS,
re-calculate the first buffer status for the first BS and the second buffer status for the second BS respectively, by dividing the amount of data available for transmission in the PDCP entity based on the updated PDCP data transmission ratio, and
transmit the re-calculated first buffer status to the first BS and the re-calculated second buffer status to the second BS,
wherein the PDCP data transmission ratio and the offset value used for updating the PDCP data transmission ratio is configured in a radio bearer comprising the PDCP entity connected with the first BS and the second BS simultaneously.

7. The UE according to claim 6, wherein the PDCP data transmission ratio and the offset value are received from either the first BS or the second BS.

8. The UE according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to receive a value of the timer for the first BS through Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling from either the first BS or the second BS.

9. The UE according to claim 6, wherein if the offset value is ‘0%’, the first buffer status for the first BS is re-calculated as ‘0’.

10. The UE according to claim 9, wherein if the re-calculated first buffer status is ‘0’, the first buffer status is not reported to the first BS.