Treston Harris v. Christopher McKenzie, No. 1761, September Term 2017.

PRISONS > EXHAUSTION OF REMEDIES

Subject to the Prisoner Litigation Act (PLA), prisoner was required to fully exhaust all 

administrative remedies for resolving his grievance prior to filing his complaint in the 

circuit court. Md. Code, CTS. & JUD. PROC. § 5-1003. 

PRISONS > PLEADING

Prisoner seeking to maintain a civil action must attach to the initial complaint proof that 

administrative remedies have been exhausted, including proof that the prisoner filed a 

complaint or grievance with the appropriate agency, proof of the administrative disposition 

of the complaint or grievance, and proof that the prisoner appealed the administrative 

disposition to the appropriate authority, including proof of judicial review. Md. Code, CTS.

& JUD. PROC. § 5-1003(b).
Circuit Court for Alleghany County

Case No. 01-C-17-045000

REPORTED

IN THE COURT OF SPECIAL APPEALS

OF MARYLAND

No. 1761

September Term, 2017

_____________________________________

TRESTON HARRIS

v.

CHRISTOPHER MCKENZIE

_____________________________________

 

Fader, C.J.

Reed,

Sharer, J. Frederick

 (Senior Judge, Specially Assigned),

JJ.

 _____________________________________

Opinion by Reed, J.

 _____________________________________

Filed: June 27, 2019
Appellant Treston Harris, pro se, appeals from the grant of a motion to dismiss his 

complaint entered by the Circuit Court for Allegany County in favor of Appellee 

Christopher McKenzie. In his timely appeal, Appellant asks us to consider whether the 

circuit court erred in dismissing his complaint without a hearing when “undisputed facts” 

allegedly support his claims.1 Perceiving no error in the grant of the motion to dismiss, we 

shall affirm the order of the circuit court. 

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Treston Harris (“Appellant”) is an inmate at the North Branch Correctional 

Institution (“NBCI”), a Maryland Division of Correction (“DOC”) facility located in 

Allegany County. On March 14, 2015, a fight broke out among inmates in the NBCI 

cafeteria. Christopher McKenzie (“Appellee”), one of the correctional officers then present 

in the cafeteria, searched the area for a weapon and reportedly located an AC adaptor and 

electrical cord in a sock near Appellant. 

As a result, Appellee prepared a written Notice of Inmate Rule Violation against 

Appellant, in which he stated, under penalties of perjury, that he had “observed [Appellant] 

attempting to pick up the remains of an AC adaptor that was used to assault [another 

inmate]” and “confiscated the cord and broken adaptor from [Appellant] along with the 

 

1

In his brief, Appellant presents his questions as follows:

(1) Did the lower court err by dismissing Appellant[’]s 

complaint without a hearing, even after there were 

undisputed facts that support Appellant[’]s claim?

(2) Did the lower court err by not having a hearing to address 

Appellant[’]s procedural due process claim?
2

rest of the pieces of the adaptor and the sock.” Appellant was placed on administrative 

segregation pending a formal hearing and charged with violating DOC Rules 105 

(possession, use, or manufacture of a weapon), 406 (possession or passing of contraband), 

and 312 (interfering with or resisting the performance of staff duties to include a search of 

a person, item, area, or location). Following a disciplinary hearing on March 31, 2015, 

Appellant was determined to have committed all three charged offenses, receiving 

sanctions of 90 days of segregation, 45 days of cell restriction, and loss of 30 diminution 

credits. 

Appellant appealed to the Inmate Grievance Office (“IGO”), Case No. IGO 2015-

0753, alleging insufficient evidence to support his convictions. The IGO referred 

Appellant’s grievance to the Office of Administrative Hearings (“OAH”), which scheduled 

a hearing on August 5, 2015 to assess the merits of the grievance. 

Also in relation to his convictions, Appellant pursued the DOC’s administrative 

remedy procedure (“ARP”) and filed a separate Request for Administrative Remedy with 

the warden of NBCI, alleging that Appellee had falsified the Notice of Inmate Rule 

Violation that resulted in Appellant’s convictions. The warden dismissed that request on 

March 17, 2015, on the ground that inmates are not permitted to challenge disciplinary 

procedures or decisions through the ARP. 

Appellant appealed the dismissal of his Request for Administrative Remedy to the 

Commissioner of Correction, arguing that the warden had not addressed Appellant’s 

complaint in his rationale for dismissal. On April 23, 2015, the Commissioner dismissed 
3

Appellant’s claim for the same reason set forth by the warden: that inmates are not 

permitted to challenge disciplinary procedures or decisions through the ARP. 

On May 18, 2015, Appellant filed another grievance with the IGO, Case No. IGO 

2015-1068, repeating his allegation that Appellee had falsified the Notice of Inmate Rule 

Violation that resulted in Appellant’s convictions. On June 29, 2015, the IGO 

“administratively dismissed” that grievance, without prejudice, stating it was “wholly 

lacking in merit” because Appellant had been convicted of rule violations at his March 31, 

2015 disciplinary hearing. Appellee’s credibility, the IGO reasoned, necessarily would 

have been assessed then, and Appellant’s challenges to the officer’s credibility “should not 

be countenanced in this separate, distinct, and collateral proceeding.”2 The IGO concluded 

that the findings of Appellant’s guilt were the subject of his other grievance filed with the 

IGO, Case No. IGO 2015-0753, still pending before the OAH.3

On August 4, 2015, Patricia Goins-Johnson, the Executive Director of Field Support

Services for the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services (“DPSCS”), 

ordered the warden to reverse Appellant’s convictions and vacate the sanctions imposed 

upon him because the video recording of the altercation in the NBCI cafeteria did not show 

Appellee recovering the weapon or confronting Appellant. In light of Appellee’s statement 

in the Notice of Inmate Rule Violation that he had confiscated the cord and broken adaptor 

 

2 The IGO left open the possibility of re-opening the case if the OAH reversed or 

vacated Appellant’s findings of guilt in Case No. IGO 2015-0753. 

3 The IGO also determined that the warden had properly dismissed Appellant’s 

original ARP complaint because an inmate cannot seek relief for complaints arising from 

disciplinary proceedings through the ARP. 
4

from Appellant, Goins-Johnson found that “these discrepancies were not sufficiently 

resolved by the hearing officer.” 

At the scheduled OAH hearing the next day, the DOC moved to dismiss Appellant’s 

grievance in Case No. IGO 2015-0753 as moot based on Goins-Johnson’s ruling reversing 

and vacating Appellant’s convictions and sanctions. The Administrative Law Judge 

granted the motion on August 27, 2015. 

On August 19, 2015, Appellant requested that the IGO re-open his case against 

Appellee in Case No. IGO 2015-1068 on the ground that his convictions in Case Number 

IGO 2015-0753 had been reversed and vacated. On December 4, 2015, the IGO declined 

to re-open the matter and determined that Appellant had failed to “provide a compelling 

basis for disturbing that dismissal” because “[t]he analysis of your complaint and its 

administrative dismissal were entirely correct.” 

Appellant filed a petition for judicial review of the IGO’s decision in Case No. IGO 

2015-1068 with the Circuit Court for Allegany County on July 17, 2015. After the circuit 

court affirmed the IGO’s decision on May 31, 2016, Appellant filed a notice of appeal with 

this Court. On November 2, 2016, we closed the file and returned the record to the circuit 

court because Appellant had failed to file an application for leave to appeal, pursuant to 

Md. Code, § 10-210(c)(2) of the Correctional Services Article (“CS”).4

 

4 CS § 10-210(c)(2) states: “A party aggrieved by the decision of the circuit court 

may file an application for leave to appeal to the Court of Special Appeals in accordance 

with the Maryland Rules.”
5

On January 20, 2017, Appellant filed suit against Appellee in the circuit court, 

alleging violations of his procedural due process rights and seeking compensatory damages 

in the amount of $85.00 and punitive damages in the amount of $9000.00.5 On March 6, 

2017, Appellee moved to dismiss Appellant’s complaint on the grounds that: (1) Appellant 

had failed to exhaust his administrative remedies and was therefore not permitted to pursue 

a civil action; (2) as “State personnel,” Appellee has immunity in civil actions pursuant to 

common law public official immunity and the Maryland Tort Claims Act (“MTCA”), Md. 

Code, §§ 12-101-110 of the State Government Article (“SG”); and (3) Appellant did not 

comply with the notice requirements of the MTCA before filing suit. Appellant filed a 

response to the motion to dismiss on March 30, 2017, and Appellee replied to Appellant’s 

response on March 31, 2017. The circuit court granted Appellee’s motion to dismiss, 

without a hearing, on October 13, 2017. 

STANDARD OF REVIEW

In Margolis v. Sandy Spring Bank, 221 Md. App. 703, 713–14 (2015) (internal 

citations, quotations, alterations, and parentheticals omitted), we set forth the standard for 

reviewing a case dismissed by the circuit court:

In deciding a motion to dismiss a complaint, a circuit court assumes 

the truth of the complaint’s factual allegations and of any reasonable 

inferences that can be drawn therefrom. A court, however, need not accept 

the truth of pure legal conclusions. Moreover, any ambiguity or uncertainty 

in the allegations bearing on whether the complaint states a cause of action 

must be construed against the pleader. 

 

5 Appellant filed his complaint on a District Court complaint form, but the circuit 

court clerk apparently accepted the document as a circuit court complaint, as evidenced by 

the circuit court case number on the complaint form and the circuit court docket entries. 
6

A court should dismiss a complaint for failure to state a claim only if 

the alleged facts and reasonable inferences would fail to afford relief to the 

plaintiff. 

This Court conducts a de novo review of the circuit court’s granting 

of a motion to dismiss, applying the same standard as the circuit court and 

determining whether that decision was legally correct. The appellate court 

accords no special deference to the circuit court's legal conclusions.

We will affirm the circuit court’s ruling “‘on any ground adequately shown by the record, 

even one upon which the circuit court has not relied or one that the parties have not raised.’” 

Monarc Constr., Inc. v. Aris Corp., 188 Md. App. 377, 385 (2009) (quoting Pope v. Bd. of 

Sch. Comm’rs, 106 Md. App. 578, 591 (1995)).

DISCUSSION

I. Parties’ Contentions

Appellant contends that the circuit court erred in dismissing, without a hearing, his 

complaint against Appellee because “undisputed facts” support his claim that Appellee is 

liable for his alleged misconduct and the court’s dismissal denied Appellant his due process 

protections. Regarding Appellee’s argument that the dismissal was legally correct because 

Appellant failed to exhaust his administrative remedies, Appellant argues that he appealed 

his claim to the level of this Court, and any requirement that he seek a further remedy 

would have been a “useless waste of [j]udicial [r]esources.” 

Appellee counters that the circuit court’s dismissal of Appellant’s complaint was 

legally correct because Appellant filed his civil action without exhausting all his 

administrative remedies, as required. In addition, Appellee continues, Appellant’s 

complaint did not contain any proper allegations of tortious conduct or constitutional 
7

violations committed by Appellee, and Appellee, who was sued for acts performed in his 

public duties, was immune from civil suit. Finally, Appellee concludes, even if, arguendo, 

he were not immune from civil suit, the dismissal of Appellant’s action was legally correct 

because Appellant did not comply with the mandatory notice requirements of the MTCA 

before filing suit.

II. Analysis

A. Failure to Exhaust Administrative Remedies

In 1997, the General Assembly enacted the Prisoner Litigation Act (PLA), codified 

in Md. Code, §§ 5-1001-1007 of the Courts & Judicial Proceedings Article (“CJP”), in 

order to complement the Federal Prison Litigation Reform Act (42 U.S.C. § 1997e), 

enacted by Congress in 1996. Evans v. State, 396 Md. 256, 330–31 (2006). Like its federal 

predecessor, the PLA’s purpose 

is to discourage frivolous claims from burdening state government by 

inhibiting cases against the DOC and its officials and employees from 

entering the court system, thereby also saving judicial resources, and 

relieving the Attorney General from its obligation to defend those claims. 

This is accomplished in part by requiring that the available administrative 

procedures be exhausted, the prisoner ordinarily pay a filing fee, and the 

award of punitive damages being capped at $2000 and, if awarded, the 

amount would be paid to satisfy claims by a prisoner’s victim or to pay the 

prisoner’s outstanding child support obligations.

Adamson v. Corr. Med. Servs., Inc., 359 Md. 238, 264 (2000).

To that end, CJP § 5-1003(a)(1) provides that “[a] prisoner may not maintain a civil 

action until the prisoner has fully exhausted all administrative remedies for resolving the 
8

complaint or grievance.”6 Section 5-1003(a)(2) makes clear that “an administrative remedy 

is exhausted when the prisoner has pursued to completion all appropriate proceedings for 

appeal of the administrative disposition, including any available proceedings for judicial 

review.” (Emphasis added). Section 5-1003(b) additionally requires the prisoner to attach 

to his initial complaint “proof that administrative remedies have been exhausted,” 

including proof that he filed a complaint or grievance with the appropriate agency, proof 

of the administrative disposition of the complaint or grievance, and proof that he appealed 

the administrative disposition to the appropriate authority, including proof of judicial 

review. 

Appellant, a “prisoner” as the term is defined in CJP § 5-1001(g),7failed to pursue 

the available proceedings for judicial review to completion. Although the record indicates 

that Appellant did file a notice of appeal with this Court, we dismissed that appeal and 

closed the file because Appellant did not file an application for leave to appeal, as permitted 

by CS §10-210(c)(2) (“A party aggrieved by the decision of the circuit court may file an 

application for leave to appeal to the Court of Special Appeals in accordance with the 

Maryland Rules.”). Even after notification that his appeal had been dismissed because he 

had not filed an application for leave to appeal, Appellant did not attempt to re-open his 

 

6 Section 5-1001 defines “administrative remedy” as “any procedure for review of 

a prisoner’s complaint or grievance, including judicial review, if available, that is provided 

by the Department, the Division of Correction, or any county or other municipality of 

political subdivision, and results in a written determination or disposition.”

7 Section 5-1001(g) defines “prisoner” as “a person who is in the custody of the 

[Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services]. . . .” 
9

case in this Court by filing an appropriate application for leave to appeal the circuit court’s 

ruling. As is clearly required by CJP § 5-1003, a prisoner must provide “proof that 

administrative remedies have been exhausted,” including proof that he appealed the 

administrative disposition to the appropriate authority, as well as proof of judicial review 

(emphasis added). While Appellant attempted to appeal, his appeal was dismissed for 

Appellant’s failure to file a proper application for leave to appeal. As such, Appellant’s 

attempted appeal never underwent judicial review. Because Appellant could not provide 

any proof of judicial review due to his failure to properly appeal the IGO’s decision, 

Appellant did not “fully exhaust all administrative remedies.”8

Moreover, Appellant failed to attach to his complaint written proof that he had 

exhausted his administrative remedies. Appellant concedes as much in his opposition to 

Appellee’s motion to dismiss, wherein he claims that he inadvertently failed to submit 

documentation proving exhaustion of his administrative remedies with his complaint but 

states that he had filed for judicial review and Appellee was aware of that fact. 

Appellee’s alleged knowledge of Appellant’s court filings, or lack thereof, is, 

however, immaterial in relation to CJP § 5-1003. The Maryland statute, which is “more 

onerous” than its Federal counterpart, Evans, 396 Md. at 335, requires the prisoner to 

attach proof of exhaustion of administrative remedies to his complaint. In the absence of 

 

8 While an appellant is not required to re-open his/her appellate case before he/she 

can satisfy the exhaustion requirement, the record here clearly contradicts Appellant’s 

contention that he exhausted his administrative remedies because he failed to properly 

complete the judicial review process.
10

such proof, the court must dismiss the case, even if the administrative remedies have been 

exhausted and the only omission is the written proof of same. Id. 

Appellant’s failure to complete the judicial review process to exhaust his 

administrative remedies and to provide the circuit court with proof of exhaustion of his 

administrative remedies with the filing of his complaint renders the circuit court’s dismissal 

of his complaint legally correct. See CJP § 5-1003(c) (“A court shall dismiss a civil action 

if the prisoner filing the action has not completely exhausted the administrative remedies.”) 

and CJP § 5-1003(b)(3) (“On receipt of a prisoner’s initial complaint that does not have 

attached to it proof that the prisoner has fully exhausted the administrative remedies 

available, the court shall dismiss the case without prejudice and grant the prisoner 

reasonable leave to amend the complaint and to provide the proof necessary.”). 

As the circuit court’s decision was proper based solely on Appellant’s failure to 

exhaust all available administrative remedies, we need not address Appellee’s question 

regarding immunity. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the Circuit Court for 

Allegany County. 

ORDER OF THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR 

ALLEGANY COUNTY AFFIRMED; 

COSTS ASSESSED TO APPELLANT.