# Patent

## Title
High speed communication jack

## Abstract

A high speed communication jack including a housing including a port for accepting a plug, the port including a plurality of pins each connected to a corresponding signal line in the plug, a shielding case surrounding the housing, a circuit board in the housing having a substrate, a plurality of first vias extending through the substrate with each first via being configured to accommodate a pin on the housing, a plurality of second vias extending through the substrate with each second via being configured to accommodate a pin on the housing, a first set of traces on a top layer of the substrate that connects at least one first via with at least one corresponding second via; and a second set of traces on a side of the substrate opposite the top layer that connects at least one first via with at least one second via.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present disclosure is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/146,019, entitled “HIGH SPEED COMMUNICATION JACK” filed on May 4, 2016, which is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/504,088, entitled “HIGH SPEED COMMUNICATION JACK” filed on Oct. 1, 2014, which claims priority to U.S. Pat. No. 8,858,266 entitled “HIGH SPEED COMMUNICATION JACK” filed on Jan. 11, 2013, both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.


FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present disclosure relates to a network connection jack used to connect a network cable to a device.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
As electrical communication devices and their associated applications become more sophisticated and powerful, their ability to gather and share information with other devices also becomes more important. The proliferation of these intelligent, inter networked devices has resulted in a need for increasing data throughput capacity on the networks to which they are connected to provide the improved data rates necessary to satisfy this demand. As a result, existing communication protocol standards are constantly improved or new ones created. Nearly all of these standards require or significantly benefit, directly or indirectly, from the communication of high-definition signals over wired networks. Transmission of these high definition signals, which may have more bandwidth and, commensurately, higher frequency requirements, need to be supported in a consistent fashion. However, even as more recent versions of various standards provide for theoretically higher data rates or speeds, they are still speed limited by the current designs of certain physical components. Unfortunately, the design of such physical components is plagued by a lack of understanding of what is necessary to achieve consistent signal quality at multi-gigahertz and higher frequencies.
For example, communication jacks are used in communication devices and, equipment for the connection or coupling of cables that are used to transmit and receive the electrical signals that represent the data being communicated. A registered jack (RJ) is a standardized physical interface for connecting telecommunications and data equipment. The RJ standardized physical interface includes both jack construction and wiring pattern. A commonly used RJ standardized physical interface for data equipment is the RJ45 physical network interface, also referred to as an RJ45 jack. The RJ45 jack is widely used for local area networks such as those implementing the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 Ethernet protocol. The RJ45 jack is described in various standards, including one that is promulgated by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) in ANSI/TIA-1096-A.
All electrical interface components, such as cables and jacks, including the RJ45 jack, not only resist the initial flow of electrical current, but also oppose any change to it. This property is referred to as reactance. Two relevant types of reactance are inductive reactance and capacitive reactance. Inductive reactance may be created, for example, based on a movement of current through a cable that resists, which causes a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the cable. Capacitive reactance, on the other hand, is created by an electrostatic charge that appears when electrons from two opposing surfaces are placed close together.
To reduce or avoid any degradation of transmitted signals, the various components of a communications circuit preferably have matching impedances. If not, a load with one impedance value will reflect or echo part of a signal being carried by a cable with a different impedance level, causing signal failures. For this reason, data communication equipment designers and manufacturers, such as cable vendors, design and test their cables to verify that impedance values, as well as resistance and capacitance levels, of the cables comply with certain performance parameters. The RJ45 jack is also a significant component in nearly every communications circuit, however, jack manufacturers have not provided the same level of attention to its performance. Thus, although problems related to existing RJ45 jacks are well documented in tests and their negative impact on high frequency signal lines is understood, the industry seems reluctant to address the issues for this important component of the physical layer. Consequently, there is a need for an improved high speed communications jack.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
One embodiment of the present invention includes a high speed communication jack including a housing including a port for accepting a plug, the port including a plurality of pins each connected to a corresponding signal line in the plug, a shielding case surrounding the housing, a circuit board in the housing having a substrate, a plurality of first vias extending through the substrate with each first via being configured to accommodate a pin on the housing, a plurality of second vias extending through the substrate with each second via being configured to accommodate a pin on the housing, a first set of traces on a top layer of the substrate that connects at least one first via with at least one corresponding second via, a first shielding layer on a first side of the top layer in the substrate, a second shielding layer adjacent the first shielding layer in the substrate and a second set of traces on a side of the substrate opposite the top layer that connects at least one first via with at least one second via.
In another embodiment, the second set of traces connect different vias that the vias connected on the top surface.
In another embodiment, the jack includes a first isolation region on the top surface between the first set of traces.
In another embodiment, the jack includes a second isolation region on the top surface between a second set of traces.
In another embodiment, the first shielding layer is covered in a conductive material.
In another embodiment, the conductive material does not cover an area around the periphery of the first vias and second vias.
In another embodiment, the second shielding layer is covered in a conductive material.
In another embodiment, the conductive material does not cover an area around the periphery of the first vias and second vias.
In another embodiment, the conductive material is comprised of copper and finished silver.
In another embodiment, the conductive material is comprised of copper and finished silver.
Another embodiment of the present invention includes a method of manufacturing a high speed jack, the method including the steps of forming a housing including a port for accepting a plug, the port including a plurality of pins each connected to a corresponding signal line in the plug, firming a shielding case surrounding the housing, forming a top layer of a substrate, a first shielding layer on a first side of the top layer in the substrate, a second shielding layer adjacent the first shielding layer in the substrate, and forming a bottom layer adjacent to the second shielding layer, forming a plurality vias extending through the substrate with each first via being configured to accommodate a pin on the housing, forming a plurality of second vias extending through the substrate with each second via being configured to accommodate a pin on the housing, forming a first set of traces on a top layer of the substrate that connects at least one first via with at least one corresponding second via, forming a second set of traces on a side of the substrate opposite the top layer that connects at least one first via with at least one second via.
In another embodiment, second set of traces connect different vias that the vias connected on the top surface.
In another embodiment, the method includes the step of forming a first isolation region on the top surface between the first set of traces.
In another embodiment, includes the step of forming a second isolation region on top surface between a second set of traces.
In another embodiment, the first shielding layer is covered in a conductive material.
In another embodiment, the conductive material does not cover an area around the periphery of the first vias and second vias.
In another embodiment, the second shielding layer is covered in a conductive material.
In another embodiment, the conductive material does not cover an area around the periphery of the first vias and second vias.
In another embodiment, the conductive material is comprised of copper and finished silver.
In another embodiment, the conductive material is comprised of copper and finished silver.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a high speed communications jack configured in accordance with one embodiment of the various aspects of the present disclosure that includes an RJ45 jack,
FIG. 2 illustrates a bottom perspective portion of a left side portion of the RJ45 jack of FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 illustrates a bottom and right side view of a jack shield for providing shielding for the RJ45 jack and the flexible printed circuit board of FIG. 1,
FIG. 4A illustrates a schematic representation of a top view of the front surface of the printed circuit board of FIG. 1,
FIG. 4B illustrates another embodiment of a schematic representation of a top view of the front surface of the printed circuit board of FIG. 1
FIG. 5A illustrates a schematic representation of a top view of the back surface of the printed circuit board of FIG. 4,
FIG. 5B illustrates another embodiment of a schematic representation of a top view of the back surface of the printed circuit board of FIG. 4
FIG. 6A illustrates a cross sectional view of the substrate of the printed circuit board of FIG. 4 along line BB,
FIG. 6B illustrates a cross sectional view of a via in the primed circuit board of FIG. 4,
FIG. 6C illustrates a cross sectional view of another example of a via in the printed circuit board of FIG. 4.
FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic representation an RJ45 jack having transmit and receiving cable pairs matched and balanced to one another,
FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic representation of a differentially balanced pair of signal lines,
FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic representation of the process used to differentially balance two traces in FIG. 4 based on a first signal and a second signal,
FIG. 10A illustrates a rear perspective view of the RJ45 jack of FIG. 1 with the shield removed;
FIG. 10B illustrates a rear perspective view of another embodiment of the RJ45 jack of FIG. 1 with the shield removed;
FIG. 11 depicts one embodiment of a high speed communication jack including a rigid substrate;
FIG. 12 depicts a schematic representation of the layers in a rigid high speed communication jack;
FIG. 13A depicts a side view of the high speed communication jack;
FIG. 13B depicts a top view of the rigid substrate;
FIG. 14A depicts a ground layer of the substrate;
FIG. 14B depicts a second ground layer of the substrate
FIG. 14C depicts a bottom layer of the substrate;
FIG. 14D depicts a fourth layer of the rigid substrate;
FIG. 15A shows the insertion loss of a differential mode version of the jack during normal operation;
FIG. 15B depicts a graphical representation of near field cross talk for the jack in normal operation;
FIG. 15C depicts a graphical representation of near field cross talk for the jack in normal operation;
FIG. 15D depicts the return loss for the jack during normal operation;
FIG. 15E depicts a graphical representation of far end cross talk for the jack during normal operation; and
FIG. 15F depicts another graphical representation of far end cross talk for the jack during normal operation.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
FIG. 1 illustrates a high speed communications jack configured in accordance with one embodiment of the various aspects of the present disclosure that includes an RJ145 jack 110, a flexible printed circuit board (PCB) 120, and a jack shield 130. As described herein, in accordance with various aspects of this disclosure, the flexible PCB 120 provides a balanced, radio frequency tuned circuit that may be directly soldered onto each pin of the RJ45 jack 110, while the jack shield 130 provides shielding for the RJ45 jack 110 and the flexible PCB 120, as well as functioning as a chassis ground. In combination, the RJ45 jack 110, the flexible PCB 120, and the jack shield 130 may provide functionality similar to a time waveguide and a tube through which communication signals may be transmitted, where an energy portion of the communication signal travels outside the tube through jack shield 130; and an information portion of the communication signal travels within the tube along the on-resistive gold wire; thereby allowing for high speed data signal speeds to be obtained. For example, it is envisioned that data speeds of 40 gigabits (Gbs) and beyond may be supported.
Although an RJ45 communication jack is used below, the present communication jack is not limited to RJ45 communication jacks and may be used in any type of high speed communication jack including, all class of modular RJ type connectors, Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectors and jacks, Firewire (1394) connectors and jacks HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) connectors and jacks, D-subminiature type connectors and jacks, ribbon type connectors or jacks, or any other connector or jack receiving a high speed communication signal.
In various aspects of this disclosure, the various pins and traces disclosed herein may be composed of any suitable conductive elements such as gold, silver, or copper, or alloys and combinations of any suitable conductive elements. For example, the set of pins and plug contacts of the RJ45 jack 110 may include gold-plated copper pins or wires, while the set of traces of the flexible PCB 120 may include gold-plated copper paths. The gold plating is used to provide a corrosion-resistant electrically conductive layer on copper, which is normally a material that oxidizes easily. Alternatively, a layer of a suitable barrier metal, such as nickel, may be deposited on the copper substrate before the gold plating is applied. The layer of nickel may improve the wear resistance of the gold plating by providing mechanical backing for the gold layer. The layer of nickel may also reduce the impact of pores that may be present in the gold layer. At higher frequencies, gold plating may not only reduce signal loss, but may also increase the bandwidth from the skin effect where current density is highest on the outside edges of a conductor. In contrast, use of nickel alone will result in signal degradation at higher frequencies due to the same effect. Thus, higher speeds may not be achieved in RJ45 jacks that use nickel plating alone. For example, a pin or trace plated only in nickel may have its useful signal length shortened as much as three times once signals enter the GHz range although some benefits of using gold plating over the copper path has been described herein, other conductive elements may be used to plate the copper paths. For example, platinum, which is also non-reactive but a good conductor, may be used instead of gold to plate the copper paths.
Each of the major components of the high speed communications jack, namely the RJ45 jack 110, the flexible printed circuit board (PCB) 120, and the jack shield 130 will be described briefly herein before a discussion of how these components interoperate to achieve support for high speed communications is provided.
FIG. 2 illustrates a bottom perspective view of a front portion of the RJ45 jack 110 of FIG. 1, where it may be seen that a plug opening 230 is provided for inserting a plug (not shown). The plug opening 230 may be configured to receive the plug to couple contacts on the plug to a set of plug contacts 212 in the RJ45 jack 110. The plug may be an RJ45 8 Position 8 Contact (8P8C) modular plug. The set of plug contacts 212 are formed into a set of pins 210 configured to be attached to a communication circuit on a circuit board. For example, the RJ45 jack 110 may be mounted to a circuit board of a network switch device through the use of a pair of posts 220, and then the set of pins 210 may be soldered onto respective contact pads on the circuit board of the device. By itself, a jack similar to the RJ45 jack 110 as illustrated in FIG. 2 provides basic connectivity between a plug of an RJ45 cable and the circuit board of a device into which the jack is integrated. However, that jack is not designed to handle communication frequencies needed for high speed communications. The RJ45 jack 110, as configured in accordance with various aspects of the disclosed approach as described herein, may be integrated with other components such as the jack shielding 130 and the flexible PCB 120 so that it may be used to communicate at higher speeds without interference from transient signals.
FIG. 3 illustrates a bottom and right side view of a jack shield for providing shielding for the RJ45 jack 110 and the flexible PCB 120. The jack shield 130 includes a top portion 302, a bottom portion 304, a back portion 306, a front portion 308, a left side portion (not shown but substantially identical to the right side portion) and a right side portion 310. In order to provide desired shielding properties, in one embodiment of the present disclosure the jack shield 130 may include a conductive material such as, but not limited to, steel, copper, or any other conductive material. A pair of tabs 320 on both the right side 310 and the left side (not shown) of the jack shield 130, near the bottom portion 304, may be used to ground and secure the jack shield 130 to a circuit board within a device (not shown). For example, the pair of tabs 320 on the jack shield 130 may be inserted into a pair of matched mounting holes on the circuit board, and soldered thereon.
FIG. 4A illustrates a schematic representation of a top view of the front surface of the PCB 120 of the RJ45 jack. The PCB 120 includes a multi-layer substrate 402 made of a dielectric material incorporating strip-line flex or equivalent technology. The edge of the substrate 402 is surrounded by a protective layer 404. The protective layer 404 is made of a non-conducting material such as, but not limited to, plastic or a flexible solder mask. The front surface of the substrate 402 includes a plurality of vias 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 made through the substrate 402. Each via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 passes through the substrate 402 and is sized to accommodate a pin 210. The area surrounding each via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 is coated with a conductive material, such as gold. The coating surrounding each via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 may be substantially square shaped or substantially rectangular shaped. In another embodiment, depicted in FIG. 4B, the coating surrounding each via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 may be substantially circular shaped. By making the coating circular shaped, the interference between adjacent vias 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 is reduced.
A plurality of traces 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436 extend from each via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 towards an end of the PCB 120. Each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436 is made from a conductive material including copper or gold. In one embodiment, a nickel layer is formed on the substrate 402 and a gold layer is formed on the nickel layer to form each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436. Each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436 extends towards a back end of the PCB 120 until the trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 or 436 reaches a shielding trace layer 490 near an edge of the PCB 120 opposite the vias 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420. Each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436 includes a first portion 454, 456, 458, 460, 462, 464, 466 and 468 adjacent to a second portion 470, 472, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482 and 484 with each second portion 470, 472, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482 and 484 extending to the shielding trace layer 490 without contacting the shielding trace layer 490. Each first portion 454, 456, 458, 460, 462, 464, 466 and 468 tapers from the respective second portion 470, 472, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482 and 484 towards a respective via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 or 420. Each second portion 470, 472, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482 and 484 has a length that varies depending on the trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 or 436.
Two shielding tabs 486 and 488 are positioned on opposite edges of the PCB 120. Each shielding tab 486 and 488 is made of a substrate covered in a conductive material for example, gold or copper. The shielding tabs 486 and 488 are electrically connected by the shield trace layer 490 on the substrate 402 that extends between the shielding tabs 486 and 488 and is positioned between the second portions 470, 472, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482 and 484 of each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436 and the edge of the PCB 120 opposite the vias 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420.
FIG. 5A illustrates a schematic representation of a top view of the back surface of the printed circuit board of FIG. 4A. The back surface includes the vias 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420, the shielding tabs 486 and 488, and a shielding trace layer 502 extending between the back surfaces of each shielding tab 486 and 488. The shielding trace layer 502 covers the portion of the back surface of the PCB 120 between the shielding tabs 486 and 488. The shielding tabs 486 and 488 include return vias 504, 506, 508, 510, 512, 514, 516 and 518 which pass through the substrate 402 connecting the shielding trace layer 490 and the shielding trace layer 502. FIG. 5B depicts another embodiment of a top view of the back surface of the printed circuit board of FIG. 4B.
FIG. 6A illustrates a cross-section view of the multi-layer substrate 402 in the PCB 120 along line BB of FIG. 4. A first layer 602 of the multi-layer substrate 402 includes a solder mask portion, made from a material such as PSR9000FST Flexible Solder Mask. A second layer 604 is formed under the top layer and includes each of the traces 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436. Each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436 has a length (L), a height (B) and a width (W), and is separated from an adjacent trace by a distance (S). The length (L) of each trace is the length the trace extends along the surface of the flexible circuit board 120 from the edge of its respective via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 to shielding trace layer 490.
Each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436 extends through the first layer 602 such that each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436 is not covered by the flexible solder mask. Shield trace layer 490 is also formed over a portion of the second layer 604 with the shield trace, layer 490 extending through the first layer 602. A third dielectric layer 606 is formed below the second layer 604 The third layer 606 has a depth (D) of between approximately 0.002 mils to approximately 0.005 mils, and is made from a material having a dielectric constant greater than 3.0 such as, but not limited to RO XT8100, Rogerson Material, or any other material capable of isolating a high frequency electrical signal.
A fourth layer 608 is formed below the third layer 606 with the fourth layer 608 including a signal return portion and a shield trace portion 502. Both the signal return portion and the shield trace portion 502 are made of a conductive material, preferably gold or copper. A fifth layer 610 is formed on the forth layer 608 with the fifth layer 610 having a flexible solder mask portion and a shielding trace layer 502 portion. The flexible solder mask portion is manufactured of the same material as the flexible solder mask portion of the first layer 602. In an alternate example, the flexible solder mask portion is made from a different material than the flexible solder mask in the first layer 602. In all alternate example, a second signal return layer (not shown) may be positioned in the dielectric material.
To eliminate crosstalk caused by adjacent traces, each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436 is electrically coupled to an adjacent trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436. As an illustrative example, trace 422 may be coupled to trace 424. During operation, a first signal is transmitted down a first trace and an identical signal having an opposite polarity is transmitted down the matched trace thereby differentially coupling the traces together. Because the traces are differentially coupled together, the impedance of each trace determines how the trace is driven. Accordingly, the impedance of each set of matched trace should be substantially equal.
The physical characteristics of each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436 in a matched set of traces are adjusted to balance the impedance between the matched traces for the transmission and return signals transmitted over each trace. The impedance of each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436 is adjusted by adjusting any one or a combination of the length (L), width (W), height (H) of each trace and the spacing (S) between the matched traces for each signal transmitted through each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436. The height (H) of each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436 may be between approximately 2 mils and approximately 6 mils, and the spacing (S) between adjacent traces 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436 may be between approximately 3 mils and approximately 10 mils.
Returning to FIG. 4, each trace has a variable width in the first portion 454, 456, 458, 460, 462, 464, 466 and 468 and a substantially constant width in the second portion 470, 472, 474, 476, 478, 480 and 482. Accordingly, the width of each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436 is adjusted in either the first portion 454, 456, 458, 460, 462, 464, 466 and 468 or the second portion 470, 472, 474, 476, 478, 480 and 482, or in both the first portion 454, 456, 458, 460, 462, 464, 466 and 468 and the second portion to 470, 472, 474, 476, 478, 480 and 482 along with the height H of the trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436, such that each trace in a matched set has substantially the same impedance when the matched traces are separated by a distance S.
Due to inconsistencies in manufacturing and materials, the signal driven through each set of differentially matched traces 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 435 may not be identical, which causes a portion of the signal to reflect back causing common mode interference. To eliminate any common mode interference, each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 or 436 in a matched set of traces includes a common mode filter that is tuned to eliminate any common mode interference in the matched set. Each filter is comprised of a capacitor formed by the via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 or 420 of each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 or 436 and the fourth layer 608 of the multi-layer substrate 402. Each via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 includes a layer of conductive material, such as gold or copper, formed around the periphery the via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 on the second layer 604 and fourth layer 608 of the substrate 402. The conductive material on the first layer 602 is connected to the trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 or 436 associated with the via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 and the conductive material on the fourth layer 608 is connected to the signal return portion of the fourth layer 608. The size of each capacitor is determined by the distance between the conductive material on the second layer 604 and the fourth layer 608. Accordingly, adjusting the depth of the third layer 606 in relation to the conductive material on the vias 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420, allows for the capacitive effect of each via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 to be adjusted. The capacitors created by the via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 and return portion of the fourth layer 608 are sized between approximately 0.1 picofarads (pf) to approximately 0.5 pf. The top and bottom surfaces of the substrate 402 may be covered in a plastic insulating layer to further enhance the operation of the circuit.
The combination of the capacitor created in each via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 and the characteristic inductance of the signal return layer creates a common mode filter for each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 or 436. By adjusting the capacitive value of each capacitor based on the impedance of the trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436, common mode noise is greater reduced, thereby improving the signal throughput on each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436.
FIG. 6B illustrates a schematic representation of a cross sectional view of a via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 or 420. Each via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 is formed through the first layer 602, second layer, 604, third layer 606, fourth layer 608 and fifth layer 610. The second layer 604 is made of a conductive material, such as gold or copper and surrounds the circumference of each via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420. The second layer 604 also connects each via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 to its respective trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 or 436. The third layer 606 acts as a dielectric layer as described in FIG. 6A. The fourth layer 608 is formed in the third layer 606 and acts as a signal return layer. The fifth layer 610 is also made from a conductive material such as capper or gold, and also surrounds the circumference of the via in the same manner as the second layer 602. A sealing layer (not shown) may also be formed over the fifth layer 610.
The fourth layer 608 is separated from the second layer 604 by a distance D1 and from the fifth layer 610 by second distance D2. The combination of the second layer 604, third dielectric layer 606, and the fourth return signal layer 608 creates a capacitor having a capacitive value of between approximately 0.1 pf and 0.5 pf. By adjusting the distance D1 of the fourth layer 608 from the second layer 604, the capacitive value of the via capacitor is adjusted. Because the via connects its associated trace with the fourth return signal layer 608, the combination of second layer 604, the third dielectric layer 606, and the fourth return signal layer 608 forms a common mode filter that removes any interference caused by signal reflection resulting from imperfections in the manufacturing process. By adjusting the capacitive value of the via capacitor the common mode filter may be tuned to eliminate substantially all signal noise caused by reflection of the transmission or return signal.
FIG. 6C illustrates another example of cross sectional view of a via 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420. A second return signal layer 612 is added to the third layer 606 between the first return signal layer 608 and the fifth layer 610. The second return signal layer 612 runs parallel to the first signal layer 608 and enhances the filtering effect of the common mode filter. By adjusting a distance D3 between the first return signal layer 608 and the second return signal layer 612, a second capacitor formed by the first return signal layer 608, third layer 606 and second return signal layer 612 is created in the via. By adjusting the distance D3, the value of the second via capacitor may be adjusted to enhance the operation of the common mode filter. Further, as the inventors have learned, forming a second capacitor in the via allows for matching of traces on separate ends of the PCB 102. As an illustrative example, trace 422 may be matched with trace 436. Accordingly, by forming the second capacitor, pairs of signal lines positioned in accordance with the RJ 45 standard can be achieved.
FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic representation an RJ 45 jack having matched transmit and receive traces. By adjusting the height H, width W, and length L of each trace 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 or 436 transmit and a receive lines can be impedance matched. To enhance the operation of the jack, identical high frequency signals having opposite polarities are transmitted down each pair. Because the matched traces are coupled via the shield, the pairs act as common mode filters for each other. Also, if one signal cannot be delivered, the corresponding opposite signal line will deliver the identical signal. Because the matched traces act as filters coupled to the shield, noise caused by high bandwidth transmission are filtered out from the signal. Further, because the transmit line is matched with the receive line, filtering of the signal is performed with greater accuracy because the reference point for the filters is the signal itself, opposed to being a ground connection.
FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic representation of a differentially balanced pair of signal lines. As the figure depicts, the characteristics of each trace is adjusted such that the impedance of a first trace is matched to the impedance of the second trace using the methods previously discussed. Further, the capacitors formed in each via form a common mode filter with a return signal line embedded in the PCB 120. By differentially balancing two traces during transmission of both the transmission and response signals, a fully balanced two way communication circuit is achieved.
FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic representation of a method of balancing matched traces for a transmission and return signal. In step 902, physical characteristics of each trace in a matched pair of traces are adjusted such that the impedance of the traces are substantially equal. The physical characteristics may include the height, length and width of each trace and the distance separating each trace in the matched set of traces. In step 904, a first signal having a first polarity is transmitted down the first trace in the match set traces. The first signal may be a high frequency communication signal operating at a frequency greater then 10 gigahertz (“GHz”). In step 906, a second signal substantially identical to the first signal and having a polarity opposite to the polarity of the first signal is transmitted on the second trace of the match set of traces simultaneously with the first signal. In step 908, the first signal is measured at the generation and termination end of the trace, and the two measurements are compared to determine the amount of data lost along the length of the trace. In step 910, at least one physical characteristic of the first trace or second trace is adjusted based on the amount of signal loss measured. The process may return to step 904 until the amount of signal loss is less than approximately 10 decibels (“db”).
In step 912, a third signal is transmitted on the second trace of the matched set of traces. In step 914, a fourth signal substantially identical to the third signal but having a polarity opposite the polarity of the third signal is transmitted on the first trace. In step 916, the third signal is measured at the generation and termination end of the trace, and the two measurements are compared to determine the amount of data lost along the length of the trace. In step 918, at least one physical characteristic of the first trace or second trace is adjusted based on the amount of signal loss measured. The process may return to step 912 until the amount of signal loss is less than approximately 10 decibels (“db”). In another example, the process may return to step 904 to confirm the signal loss of the first signal is not affected by the adjustments made in response to the third signal loss.
FIG. 10 illustrates the PCB 120 positioned in the jack 110. The substrate 402 of the PCB 120 is made from a flexible material that allows a first portion of the PCB 120 to be oriented to a second portion of the PCB 120 by approximately a 90 degree angle. Accordingly, the PCB 120 is bent such that the vias 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 are positioned over the pins 210 in the jack, and the traces 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434 and 436 extend from the vias 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 and 420 to the contact pads for the jack. The shielding tabs 486 and 488 are bent such that they are at approximately a 90 degree angle from the PCB 120. The shielding tabs 486 and 488 are positioned along the side of the jack such that the jack shield 130 of the jack engages the shielding tabs 486 and 488.
The flexible PCB 120 may be implemented using an flexible plastic substrates that enable the flexible PCB 120 to bend. As described herein, the flexible PCB 120 may flex or bend to conform to the existing form factor of the RJ45 jack 110 and be shielded by the jack shielding 130. For example, the flexible PCB 120 may be attached to the RJ45 jack 110, placed between the RJ45 jack 110 and the jack shield 130. The flexible PCB 120 shielding tabs 486 and 488 may be attached to the jack shield 130 to provide a common connection to the flex circuit on the flexible PCB 120. The set of pins 210 of the RJ45 jack 110 may then be electrically coupled to a circuit board of a device in which the RJ45 jack 110 is used.
The flexible PCB 120 may be configured to fold and conform to the shape of the RJ45 jack 110 for better fit into an existing enclosure such as the jack shield 130. For example, in one aspect of the disclosed approach, the flexible PCB 120 bends at an approximately 90 degree angle towards a middle section of the flexible PCB 120, to fold into the jack shield 130. The shielding tabs 486 and 488 of the flexible PCB 120 are folded onto and contacting the jack shield 130, may be soldered to secure the flexible PCB 120 to the jack shield 130. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the orientation of the flexible PCB 120 with respect to the RJ45 jack 110 within the jack shield 130 may vary in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure. For example, the flexible PCB 120 may be sufficiently thin to flex and fold into other sides of the jack shield 130. The flexible PCB 120 may be shaped to lie entirely along the bottom section 304 of the jack shield 130 without needing to flex or bend into the jack shield 130.
The preceding detailed description is merely some examples and embodiments of the present disclosure and that numerous changes to the disclose embodiments can be made in accordance with the disclosure herein without departing from its spirit or scope. The preceding description, therefore, is not meant to bruit the scope of the disclosure but to provide sufficient disclosure to one of ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention with undue burden.
FIG. 11 depicts one embodiment of a high speed communication jack including a rigid substrate. The high speed communication jack 1100 includes a jack housing 1102 that is configured to accept a communication plug (not shown). A substrate 1300 is positioned on the lower surface of the housing such that pins 1306 extend from the substrate 1300 for engagement with a circuit board which the jack mounts onto when installed.
FIG. 12 depicts a schematic representation of the layers in a rigid high speed communication jack. The substrate 1300 includes a top layer 1202 including a plurality of vias (not shown) that are each sized to accommodate a pin, a second layer 1204 including a plurality of impedance match traces as discussed above, and a third layer 1206 and fourth layer 1208 including vias that are concentrically aligned with the vias in the first layer 1202. The first layer 1202 is separated from the second layer 1204 by a first intermediate layer 1210 made of a non conducting material such as, but not limited to, Rogers material. The second layer 1204 is separated from the third layer 1206 by a second intermediate layer 1212, and the third layer 1206 and fourth layer 1208 are separated by a third intermediate layer 1214. A top soldermask layer 1216 is formed on the side of first layer 1202 opposite the first intermediate layer 1210. In one embodiment, the first layer 1202, second layer 1204, third layer 1206 and fourth layer 1208 are comprised of 1⁄4 oz Copper and 1⁄4 oz finished silver. In one embodiment, the first intermediate layer 1210, second intermediate layer 1212 and third intermediate layer 1214 are made of Rogers R04003 material, in another embodiment, the first layer 1202 is adhered to the first intermediate layer 1210 by an adhesive, the second and third layers 1204 and 1206 are adhered to the second intermediate layer 1212 by an adhesive and the third layer 1206 and fourth layer 1208 are adhered to the third intermediate layer 1214 by an adhesive.
FIG. 13A depicts a side view of the high speed communication jack. The jack includes a rigid substrate 1300 including a first set of pins 1302 on a lower side of the substrate 1300 and a second set of pins 1304 on an upper side of the substrate 1300. FIG. 13B depicts a top view of the rigid substrate 1300. The rigid substrate 1300 includes a plurality of first vias 1306, 1308, 1310, 1312, 1314, 1316, 1318 and 1320 extending through the substrate 1300 that engage the first set of pins 1302 on the opposite side of the substrate 1300. The first set of pins 1302 are configured to engage vias (not shown) on a circuit board to provide a communicative connection between the jack and the circuit board. Each of the second set of pins 1304 engage second vias 1322, 1324, 1326, 1328, 1330, 1332, 1334 and 1336 located on a side of the substrate 1300 opposite the first vias 1306, 1308, 1310, 1312, 1314, 1316, 1318 and 1320. The second set of pins 1304 are configured to engage corresponding pins in a plug when the plug is inserted into the jack.
Trace 1338 is formed on the top surface of the substrate 1300 and connects second via 1326 to first via 1310 and trace 1340 connects second via 1328 to first via 1312. A first isolation region 1342 is formed between the traces 1338 and 1340 to provide isolation between the two traces 1338 and 1340. Trace 1344 connects second via 1334 to first via 1318 and trace 1346 connects second via 1336 to first via 1320. Second isolation region 1348 isolates trace 1340 from trace 1344 and third isolation region 1350 isolates trace 1344 from trace 1346. Isolation plane 1352 extends around the periphery of the substrate 1302 between the second vias 1322, 1324, 1326, 1328, 1330, 1332, 1334 and 1336 and the edge of the substrate and the traces 1338 and 1346 and the edge of the substrate 1302. In one embodiment, the isolation regions and planes are made of a material that is 1⁄4 oz copper and 1⁄4 oz silver. By providing isolation between the different traces, the effects of electrical interference between traces is reduced or eliminated. In one embodiment, vias are formed in each isolation region to connect the isolation regions to the lower grounding layers.
FIG. 14A depicts a ground layer 1400 of the substrate 1300. The ground layer 1400 is positioned adjacent to the top layer 1300. The ground layer 1400 includes grounding plane 1402. The grounding, plane 1402 covers the surface of the ground layer 1400 excluding the area around the periphery of the first vias 1306, 1308, 1310, 1312, 1314, 1316, 1318 and 1320 and second vias 1322, 1324, 1326, 1328, 1330, 1332, 1334 and 1336. The surface of ground layer 1400 is coated in a conductive material to form the grounding plane 1402. In one embodiment, the material is 1⁄4 oz copper and 1⁄4 oz silver.
FIG. 14B depicts a second ground layer 1404 of the substrate 1300. The second ground layer 1404 is covered with a conductive material that covers substantially the entire surface of the second ground layer 1404 excluding the area around the first vias 1306, 1308, 1310, 1312, 1314, 1316, 1318 and 1320 and second vias 1322, 1324, 1326, 1328, 1330, 1332, 1334 and 1336. In one embodiment, the material covering the second layer 1404 is 1⁄4 oz copper and 1⁄4 oz silver.
FIG. 14C depicts a bottom layer 1406 of the substrate 1300. The bottom layer 1406 includes first vias 1306, 1308, 1310, 1312, 1314, 1316, 1318 and 1320 and second vias 1322, 1324, 1326, 1328, 1330, 1332, 1334 and 1336. Trace 1408 connects second via 1322 with first via 1306 and trace 1410 connects second via 1324 with first via 1308. Isolation region 1412 separates trace 1408 from trace 1410 Second isolation region 1418 separates trace 1410 from trace 1414 and third isolation region 1420 separates trace 1414 from trace 1416. Isolation plane 1422 extends around the periphery of the bottom layer 1406 between the second vias 1322, 1324, 1326, 1328, 1330, 1332, 1334 and 1336 and the edge of the substrate 1302 and the traces 1408 and 1416 and the edge of the substrate 1302.
FIGS. 15A-15F depicts a graphical representation of test results for the high speed communication jack. FIG. 15A shows the insertion loss of a differential mode version of the jack during normal operation. As the graph shows, at speeds approaching 2000 MHz, the insertion loss is approximately 1.8 db. FIGS. 15B and 15C depict a graphical representation of near field cross talk for the jack in normal operation. FIG. 15D depicts the return loss for the jack during normal operation. The graph also shows the performance requirements for the IEEE 40GBase-T standard. As the graph indicates, at speeds approaching 2000 MHz, the jack performs better than the requirements of the IEEE 40GBase-T standard. FIG. 15E, depicts a graphical representation of far end cross talk for the jack during normal operation. The graph also shows the performance requirement for the IEEE 40GBase-T standard. As the graph indicates, at speeds approaching 2000 MHz, the jack performs better than the requirements of the IEEE 40GBase-T standard. FIG. 15F depicts, another graphical representation of far end cross talk for the jack during normal operation.
As FIGS. 15A-15F demonstrate, by arranging and connecting the traces and around planes on the substrate 1300, the jack is capable of transmitting data at a very high speed without interference. Further, by arranging the layers of the substrate to provide multiple grounding layers, the isolation of the traces on the substrate is increased further improving the performance of the jack.
In the present disclosure, the words “a” or “an” are to be taken to include both the singular and the plural. Conversely, any reference to plural items shall, where appropriate, include the singular.
It should be understood that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred embodiments disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure and without diminishing its intended advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be covered by the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A high speed communication jack including:
a housing including a port for accepting a plug, the port including a plurality of pins each connected to a corresponding signal line in the plug;
a shielding case surrounding the housing;
a circuit board in the housing having
a substrate,
a plurality of first vias extending through the substrate with each first via being configured to accommodate a pin on the housing,
a plurality of second vias extending through the substrate with each second via being configured to accommodate a pin on the housing,
a first set of traces on a top layer of the substrate that connects at least one first via with at least one corresponding second via;
a second set of traces on a side of the substrate opposite the top layer that connects at least one first via with at least one second via; and
a first isolation region on the top surface between the first set of traces.

2. The jack of claim 1 wherein the second set of traces connect different vias that the vias connected on the top surface.

3. The jack of claim 1 including a second isolation region on the top surface between a second set of traces.

4. The jack of claim 1 including an isolation plane extending around the periphery of the substrate opposite the top layer.

5. The jack of claim 4 wherein the isolation plane is comprised of copper and finished silver.

6. The jack of claim 3 wherein isolation region is comprised of copper and finished silver.

7. The jack of claim 5 wherein the isolation plane is made of a material that is 1⁄4 oz copper and 1⁄4 oz silver.

8. The jack of claim 6 wherein the isolation plane is made of a material that is 1⁄4 oz copper and 1⁄4 oz silver.

9. The jack of claim 6 wherein the isolation plane includes a plurality of vias that connect the isolation plane connects to a grounding plane.

10. A method of manufacturing a high speed jack, the method including the steps of
forming a housing including a port for accepting a plug, the port including a plurality of pins each connected to a corresponding signal line in the plug;
forming a shielding case surrounding the housing;
forming a top layer of a substrate,
forming a bottom layer opposite the top layer,
forming a plurality of first vias extending through the substrate with each first via being configured to accommodate a pin on the housing,
forming a plurality of second vias extending through the substrate with each second via being configured to accommodate a pin on the housing,
forming a first set of traces on a top layer of the substrate that connects at least one first via with at least one corresponding second via;
forming a second set of traces on a side of the substrate opposite the top layer that connects at least one first via with at least one second via; and
forming a first isolation region on the top surface between the first set of traces.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the second set of traces connect different vias that the vias connected on the top surface.

12. The method of claim 10 including the step of forming a second isolation region on the top surface between a second set of traces.

13. The method of claim 10 including forming an isolation plane extending around the periphery of the substrate opposite the top layer.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the isolation plane is comprised of copper and finished silver.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein isolation region is comprised of copper and finished silver.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein the isolation plane is made of a material that is 1⁄4 oz copper and 1⁄4 oz silver.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein the isolation plane is made of a material that is 1⁄4 oz copper and 1⁄4 oz silver.

18. The method of claim 15 wherein the isolation plane includes a plurality of vias that connect the isolation plane connects to a grounding plane.