# U n i t e d S t a t e s C o u r t o f A pp e a l s

For the Eig hth Circu it

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No . 1 9 -3 1 38

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Un i t ed St at es o f Am eri ca

l ll l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l Pl a i n t i

f f - Ap pel l ee

v

.

Ro d n ey Ad am Hu rd s m an

l ll l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l Def

en da n t - Ap pel l an t

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Ap p eal fro m

Un i t ed St at es Di s t ri ct Co u rt

fo r t h e Eas t ern Di s t ri ct o f Ark an s as - Li t t l e Ro ck

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Su b m i t t ed : Ap ri l 1 7, 2 0 20

Fi led : Sep t em

b er 1 1

, 2 0 2 0

[Un pu b l is h ed ]

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Befo re KELLY, W O LLM AN, an d STRAS, Ci rcu i t J u d g es

.

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PER CURIAM

.

Ro d ney Hu rd s m an p l e a d ed g ui l t y t o o n e co un t of ai d i n g an d ab et t i n g b an k

ro b b ery i n v i ol at i o n o f 1 8 U .S.C. § § 2 an d 2 1 1 3

. Th e d i s t ri ct co u rt 1 i m p o s ed a 7 1

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1 Th e Ho n o rab l e J . Leo n Ho l m es

, Un i t ed St at es Di s t ri ct J u d g e fo r t h e Eas t ern

Di s t ri ct o f Ark an sas , n o w ret i red

.m o nt h s en t en ce an d a th ree-y ear t erm o f s u p erv i s ed rel eas e. H u r d s m a n a p p eal s

,

al l eg in g t h e d i st ri ct co u rt erred i n i m p o s i n g a s p eci al co n d i ti o n o f s u p erv i s ed rel eas e

t h at req u i res h i m t o p art i ci p at e in s u b s t an ce ab u s e t reat m en t an d ab s t ai n fro m

d ri n k i n g al co h o l d u ri n g t h e co urs e o f t reat m en t

.

Becau s e Hu rd s m an d i d n o t o b ject t o t h i s co n d i ti o n at s en t en ci n g, we rev i ew fo r

p l ai n erro r. Un i t ed St at es v

. Ri s t i n e, 3 35 F.3 d 69 2

, 6 9 4 (8 t h Ci r. 2 0 0 3 ) (s t an d ard o f

rev i ew). W e n eed n o t an al y ze al l fo u r p ro ng s o f p l ai n -erro r rev i ew i f “ t h e t h res h o ld

req u i rem en t fo r rel ief u n d er t h e p l ai n -erro r s t an d ard

. . . [,] th e p res en ce o f an erro r,”

i s m is s i n g

. Un it ed St at es v

. Perri n

, 92 6 F.3 d 1 04 4

, 1 04 7 (8 th Ci r. 2 0 1 9 ) (cl ean ed u p ).

Pu rs uan t to 1 8 U .S.C. § 3 5 8 3 (d ), s peci al co nd i t i o ns o f s u p erv i s ed rel eas e m u s t

b e reas o n ab l y rel at ed t o fo u r fact o rs : (1 ) t h e n at ure an d ci rcu m s t an ces o f t he o ffen s e

an d t h e h i s t o ry

an d ch aract eri s t i cs o f t h e d efen d an t ; (2 ) t h e n eed t o affo rd ad eq u at e

d et erren ce t o cri m i n al co n d uct ; (3 ) t h e n eed to p ro t ect t h e p ub l i c fro m fu tu re cri m es

o f t h e d efen d an t ; an d (4 ) t h e need t o p ro v id e t h e d efen d an t wi t h n eed ed ed u cat i o n al

o r v o cat i o n al t rai n in g

, m ed ical care, o r o t h er co rrect i o n al t reat m en t i n th e m o s t

effect i v e m an n er. Un i t ed St at es v

. Mo o re, 8 6 0 F.3 d 1 07 6

, 10 7 8 (8 t h Ci r. 2 0 1 7 ). “ Th e

s p eci al co n d i t i on n eed n o t b e rel at ed t o al l fo u r fact o rs

, ” an d an y su ch co n d i t i o n al s o

can “ i n v o l v e[] n o g reat er d ep ri v at i o n o f l i b ert y t h an i s reas o n ab l y n eces s ary .” Id

.

Hu rd s m an fi rs t arg ues t he s p eci al co n d i t i o n i s n o t reas o n ab l y rel at ed t o h i s

o ffen s e o f co n v ict i o n o r h i s pers o nal ch aract eri s ti cs becau s e h e cu rren t l y d o es n ot

h av e a s u b s t an ce ab u s e p ro b l em

. Bu t t h e reco rd s h o w s t h at Hu rd s m an h as a rel at i v el y

l o n g h i s t o ry o f ab u s i n g b o t h d ru g s an d al co h ol

. Hu rd sm an s t art ed s m o k i n g

m ari ju an a

, u s i ng co cai n e, an d d ri n k i n g al co h o l at ag e 1 4

. H e at t en d ed res i d en t i al

s u b s t an ce ab u se t reat m en t at ag e 1 5 an d was referred ag ai n fo r s i m i l ar t reat m en t t wo

ye a rs lat er, b u t h e left t h e p ro g ram earl y “ ag ai n s t m ed i cal ad v i ce.” In 2 0 0 1

,

Hu rd s m an w as d i ag n o sed wi t h “ b i p o l ar d i s ord er, m ix ed wi t h p s y ch o t i c feat u res

, an d

al co h o l an d can n ab i s ab u s e, i n r e m i s si o n .” T h e ex am i n i n g p s y ch i at ri s t n o t ed t h at

-2

-Hu rd s m an ab u s ed al co h o l as a way o f s el f-m ed icat i n g w hen s u ffe r i n g fro m m en t al

h eal t h p ro b l em s an d t h at i t was “ a reo ccu rri n g p at t ern s i n ce [Hu rd s m an ] w as ag e 1 8.”

Hu rd s m an h i m s el f h as ad m i tt ed h e i s an al co ho l ic.

At s en t en ci n g

, Hu rd s m an h i g hl i g ht ed h i s p ro b lem s w i t h su b s t an ce ab u s e as

m i t i gat in g fact o rs i n h is arg u m en t to t h e co u rt

. Co u n s el s t a t e d t h a t “ m u ch o f

[Hu rd s m an ’ s ] al co h o l an d d ru g u se h as b een in r e s p o n s e t o h i s t ro u b l ed s t at e o f

m i n d .” He al s o ex p l ai n ed t h at Hu rd s m an ’ s i nv o lv em en t i n th e b an k ro bb ery was in

p art “ fu el ed b y s o m e al co h o l an d p ro b a b l y p i l l ab us e t h at w as sel f-m ed i cat i n g to

s o o t h e t h e t ro u b l ed bi p o l ar b rai n .” Gi v en t h e ev i d en ce b efo re i t

, t he d i s t ri ct co u rt d id

n o t p l ai n l y err w h e n i m p o s i n g a co n d i ti o n o f s up erv i s ed rel eas e th at req u i res

Hu rd s m an t o p art i ci p at e i n s u b s t an ce ab u s e t reat m en t.

Hu rd s m an al s o as s ert s t h e s p eci al co n d i t i o n i s a g reat er dep ri v at i o n o f h i s

l i bert y t h a n i s r e a so n ab l y n eces s ary b ecau s e i t i n cl ud es a ban o n t h e u s e o f al co h ol

d u ri n g t h e co u rs e of t reat m en t

. Ag ai n, t h e reco rd su p p o rt s a fi n d in g t hat Hu rd s m an

h as ab u s ed al co h ol i n t h e p a s t

, e v e n i f h e h as recen t l y b een s o b er. M o reo v er, t h e

l i m i tat i on o n al co h o l u s e i s no t a t o t al b an

. Rat h er, i t i s t im e-res tri ct ed : t h e co n d i t i o n

p ro h ib i t s Hu rd s m an fro m u s i n g al co h o l on l y d u ri n g h i s t i m e i n s u b s tan ce ab u s e

t r e a t m e n t

. See Un i ted St at es v

. Hat away

, 9 33 F.3 d 9 4 0

, 9 4 6 (8 t h Ci r. 2 0 1 9 )

( d e t erm in i n g t he d is t ri ct co u rt d i d n o t ab us e i t s di s cret i o n i n i m p o s i ng s u p erv is e d

rel eas e co n d i t i o n ban n i n g al co h o l u s e d u ri n g s u b s t an ce ab u s e t reat m en t

, ev en t h o u g h

d efen d an t h ad no h is t o ry of al co h o l ab u s e, b ecau s e t h e co n d i ti o n was “ n o t a t o t al b an

an d [was ] ai m ed at cu rb in g ad d i ct i v e b eh av i o r d u ri n g s u b s t a n ce ab u s e t reat m en t ”).

Th e d i s t ri ct co u rt d i d n o t co m m i t p l ai n erro r wh en i n cl u d i n g t h i s l im it ed res t ri ct i o n.

Th e ju d g m en t o f t h e d i s t ri ct co u rt i s affi rm ed

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