16-1083-cv 

McNiece v. Connecticut

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY 

ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF 

APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER 

IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN 

ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION ASUMMARY ORDER@). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY 

ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL. 

 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 

held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of 

New York, on the 23rd day of June, two thousand seventeen. 

PRESENT: 

 GUIDO CALABRESI, 

 ROSEMARY S. POOLER, 

 Circuit Judges,

 BRIAN M. COGAN,1

 District Judge. 

_____________________________________ 

Adam P. McNiece, 

 Plaintiff - Appellant,

v. 16-1083 

State of Connecticut, J. Paul Vance, Jr., in his official 

capacity as the Claims Commissioner for the State of 

Connecticut, George Jepsen, in his official capacity 

as the Attorney General for the State of Connecticut, 

Town of Waterford, Ryan Ryan Deluca LLP, Judicial 

Branch, State of Connecticut, 

 Defendants - Appellees.

_____________________________________ 

 

 

1

 Judge Brian M. Cogan, of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, 

sitting by designation. 
2 

For plaintiff-appellant: Adam P. McNiece, pro se, Yankeetown, 

Florida. 

For defendants-appellees State of 

Connecticut, Connecticut Attorney 

General George Jepsen, State of 

Connecticut Judicial Branch, and 

Connecticut Claims Commissioner: 

 Maura Murphy Osborne, Thomas P. 

Clifford, III, Assistant Attorneys General, 

for George Jepsen, Attorney General of 

Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut. 

For defendant-appellee Town of 

Waterford: 

 Mark A. Milano, Milano & Wanat LLC, 

Branford, Connecticut. 

For defendant-appellee Ryan Ryan 

Deluca LLP: 

 Michael T. Ryan, Ryan Ryan Deluca LLP, 

Stamford, Connecticut. 

Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut 

(Shea, J.). 

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND 

DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED. 

Appellant Adam P. McNiece, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s judgment 

dismissing his complaint. McNiece sued Connecticut, its officials and courts, the Town of 

Waterford, and a law firm, asserting that the state courts and the Town had violated the Americans 

with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), and that his right to due process was violated by the state statutory 

requirement that he submit his claims to the Connecticut Claims Commissioner before he could 

sue the State. He also raised state-law claims. The district court dismissed the federal claims 

based on lack of standing, sovereign immunity, and failure to state a claim, and then declined to 

exercise jurisdiction over the state law claims. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the 

underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal. 
3 

We review de novo dismissals for failure to state a claim and for lack of standing. Mary 

Jo C. v. N.Y. State & Local Ret. Sys., 707 F.3d 144, 151 (2d Cir. 2013) (failure to state a claim); 

W.R. Huff Asset Mgmt. Co., LLC v. Deloitte & Touche LLP, 549 F.3d 100, 106 (2d Cir. 2008) 

(standing). 

Upon review, we conclude that the district court properly ruled that McNiece lacked 

standing to raise his due process claim, and that it properly dismissed his ADA claim against 

Connecticut and the Connecticut Judicial Branch. We affirm for substantially the reasons stated 

by the district court in its March 22, 2016 decision. 

Although the district court did not explicitly discuss McNiece’s request for an injunction 

prohibiting “further acts of discrimination,” dismissal of that claim was appropriate. Sovereign 

immunity does not bar claims for prospective injunctive relief “against individual officers in their 

official capacity.” Harris v. Mills, 572 F.3d 66, 72 (2d Cir. 2009) (applying the doctrine 

originated in Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123 (1908), to ADA claim). Nonetheless, dismissal of the 

injunctive claim was proper because McNiece did not sue an individual officer for violating the 

ADA and, even if he had, the district court’s sovereign immunity ruling showed that he would be 

unable to state an ADA claim. See Mary Jo C., 707 F.3d at 152 (“[I]f a plaintiff cannot state a 

Title II claim, the court's sovereign immunity inquiry is at an end.”). 

As to McNiece’s claim against the Town of Waterford, his complaint alleged that it had 

violated 42 U.S.C. § 12186 by failing to provide him “reasonable ADA accommodations of audio 

recordings of public meetings.” Section 12186 directs the Secretary of Transportation to issue 

ADA regulations, and has no obvious relevance to McNiece or the Town. In dismissing this 

claim, the district court considered only whether McNiece stated a claim under § 12186. Because 
4 

pro se submissions must be construed liberally and interpreted “to raise the strongest arguments 

they suggest,” Nowakowski v. New York, 835 F.3d 210, 215 (2d Cir. 2016) (citation omitted), the 

district court should have construed McNiece’s complaint as raising a claim under Title II of the 

ADA for failure to accommodate his disability. 

Nonetheless, we “can affirm the dismissal of a complaint on any basis supported by the 

record,” In re Terrorist Attacks on Sept. 11, 2001, 714 F.3d 109, 117 (2d Cir. 2013), and, even if 

liberally construed, McNiece’s complaint does not state a claim against the Town under Title II of 

the ADA. To state a claim under Title II of the ADA, McNiece must allege, among other things, 

that, “as a practical matter,” the Town “denied [him] meaningful access to services, programs or 

activities to which he” was “legally entitled.” Wright v. N.Y. State Dep’t of Corr., 831 F.3d 64, 72 

(2d Cir. 2016) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). McNiece did not allege that he had 

requested an accommodation, or that the town had denied him one. See Tsombanidis v. W. Haven 

Fire Dep’t, 352 F.3d 565, 578 (2d Cir. 2003) (“To prevail on a reasonable accommodation claim, 

plaintiffs must first provide the governmental entity an opportunity to accommodate them . . . .”). 

Nor did he provide any facts about the relevant public meetings, such as which meetings he sought 

recordings of and why he needed them. In particular, this absence of detail leaves questions as to 

why, and how, he lacked “meaningful access” to meetings that are open to the public and therefore 

could be attended in person. Accordingly, McNiece did not plead facts sufficient to “nudge[]” his 

claims “across the line from conceivable to plausible.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 

544, 570 (2007). 

As to the claims that McNiece has raised for the first time on appeal, we do not generally 

consider claims that were not raised in the district court, Harrison v. Republic of Sudan, 838 F.3d 
5 

86, 96 (2d Cir. 2016), and there is no reason to do so in this case. Finally, McNiece’s complaint 

raised state-law claims against a law firm that had previously represented the Town. He does not 

discuss those claims in his appellate brief, and has therefore abandoned any challenge to the 

dismissal of his claims against the law firm. See LoSacco v. City of Middletown, 71 F.3d 88, 

92-93 (2d Cir. 1995). 

We have considered all of McNiece’s remaining arguments and find them to be without 

merit. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court. 

FOR THE COURT: 

Catherine O=Hagan Wolfe, Clerk