# Patent

## Title
Load driving apparatus relating to light-emitting-diodes

## Abstract

A load driving apparatus relating to light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) is provided. In the invention, a compensation voltage on a compensation pin (CMP) of a control chip does not change in response to (or with) the variation (i.e. enabling and disabling) of a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) signal for dimming. In other words, regardless of whether the PWM signal for dimming is enabled or disabled, the compensation voltage on the compensation pin of the control chip maintains unchanged. Therefore, an LED string at the current switching transient does not have the generation of over-shoot current. Furthermore, by detecting the compensation voltage on the compensation pin of the control chip, the control chip would enter into a shutdown status in response to the detected compensation voltage being greater than a predetermined threshold voltage for a predetermined counting time in case that the LED string is failure.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part application of and claims the priority benefit of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/959,762, filed on Aug. 6, 2013, now allowed, which claims the priority benefit of Taiwan application Ser. No. 101144828, filed on Nov. 29, 2012. The entirety of each of the above-mentioned patent applications is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a capacitive load driving technology, and more particularly, to a load driving apparatus relating to light-emitting-diodes (LEDs).
2. Description of Related Art
In a conventional load driving apparatus for LEDs, a current mode control chip may be provided with a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) dimming function, which may be used to adjust the luminance of an LED string. On the other hand, in order to stabilize a DC voltage required for operations of the LED string, an RC series network is usually attached externally on a compensation pin (CMP) of a control chip, so as to compensate a compensation voltage on the compensation pin of the control chip. However, since the compensation voltage on the compensation pin of the control chip changes in response to (or with) the variation (i.e. enabling and disabling) of a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) signal for dimming, an over-shoot current is likely to be generated by the LED string at the current switching transient.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, in order to solve the problems as mentioned in the as mentioned in Description of Related Art, an embodiment of the invention provides a load driving apparatus which includes a power conversion circuit, a dimming circuit, a control chip and a compensation circuit. The power conversion circuit is configured to provide a DC output voltage to an LED string. The dimming circuit is connected in series with the LED string, and configured to adjust a luminance of the LED string.
The control chip is coupled to the power conversion circuit and the dimming circuit, and configured to: generate the gate PWM signal in response to a comparison between a compensation voltage and a ramp signal to control operations of the power conversion circuit; generate the dimming output PWM signal in response to a dimming input PWM signal to control operations of the dimming circuit; and transfer the compensation voltage to a compensation pin of the control chip in response to an enabling of the dimming input PWM signal.
The compensation circuit is coupled to the compensation pin, and configured to store the compensation voltage and compensate the compensation voltage so that the power conversion circuit stably provides the DC output voltage. Particularly, the control chip is further configured to stop transferring the compensation voltage to the compensation pin in response to a disabling of the dimming input PWM signal, such that the compensation voltage stored by the compensation circuit does not change with variation (i.e., enabling and disabling) of the dimming output PWM signal.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the power conversion circuit is further configured to receive a DC input voltage and provide the DC output voltage to the LED string in response to the gate PWM signal. In this condition, the power conversion circuit may be a DC boost circuit, and the DC boost circuit includes an inductor, a first capacitor, a power switch and a first resistor. A first terminal of the inductor is configured to receive the DC input voltage. An anode of the diode is coupled to a second terminal of the inductor, and a cathode of the diode is coupled to an anode of the LED string to provide the DC output voltage. A first terminal of the first capacitor is coupled to the cathode of the diode, and a second terminal of the first capacitor is coupled to a ground potential. A drain of the power switch is coupled to the second terminal of the inductor and the anode of the diode, and a gate of the power switch is configured to receive the gate PWM signal. The first resistor is coupled between a source of the power switch and the ground potential.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the dimming circuit is configured to adjust a luminance of the LED string in response to the dimming output PWM signal, and the dimming circuit includes a dimming switch and a second resistor. A drain of the dimming switch is coupled to a cathode of LED string, and a gate of the dimming switch is configured to receive the dimming output PWM signal. The second resistor is coupled between a source of the dimming switch and the ground potential.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the compensation circuit includes a second capacitor and a third resistor. A first terminal of the second capacitor is coupled to the compensation pin. The third resistor is coupled between a second terminal of the second capacitor and the ground potential.
In the present exemplary embodiment of the invention, the control chip includes an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), a gate signal generation unit, a dimming signal generation unit and a switching unit. The operational transconductance amplifier is configured to receive a cross-voltage of the second resistor and a predetermined dimming reference voltage, so as to generate the compensation voltage accordingly. The gate signal generation unit is coupled to the operational transconductance amplifier, and configured to receive the compensation voltage and the ramp signal and compare the compensation voltage with the ramp signal in response to the enabling of the dimming input PWM signal, so as to generate the gate PWM signal.
The dimming signal generation unit is configured to receive the dimming input signal and buffer-output the dimming input PWM signal, so as to generate the dimming output PWM signal. The switching unit is coupled the operational transconductance amplifier, and configured to receive the compensation voltage and transfer the compensation voltage to the compensation pin in response to the enabling of the dimming input PWM signal. Particularly, the switching unit is further configured to stop transferring the compensation voltage to the compensation pin in response to the disabling of the dimming input PWM signal; in addition, the gate signal generation unit is further configured to stop generating the gate PWM signal in response to the disable state of the dimming input PWM signal.
In the present exemplary embodiment of the invention, the control chip further has a gate output pin, and the gate signal generation unit may output the gate PWM signal via the gate output pin to control switching of the power switch.
In the present exemplary embodiment of the invention, the control chip further has a dimming input pin, and the dimming signal generation unit receives the dimming input PWM signal via the dimming input pin.
In the present exemplary embodiment of the invention, the control chip further has a dimming output pin, and the dimming signal generation unit outputs the dimming output PWM signal via the dimming output pin to control switching of the dimming switch.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the control chip further has a dimming detection pin, and the operational transconductance amplifier receives the cross-voltage of the second resistor via the dimming detection pin.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the gate signal generation unit is further configured to determine whether to activate an over current protection mechanism according to a cross-voltage of the first resistor and a predetermined over current protection reference voltage. In this condition, the gate signal generation unit is further configured to stop generating the gate PWM signal in response to the activation of the over current protection mechanism.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the control chip further has a current sense pin, and the gate signal generation unit receives the cross-voltage of the first resistor via the current sense pin.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, said load driving apparatus further includes an output feedback unit. The output feedback unit is coupled between the DC output voltage and the ground potential, and configured to provide a feedback voltage relating to the DC output voltage. In this condition, the gate signal generation unit is further configured to determine whether to activate an over voltage protection mechanism in response to the feedback voltage and a predetermined over voltage protection reference voltage. And, the gate signal generation unit is further configured to stop generating the gate PWM signal in response to the activation of the over voltage protection mechanism.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the control chip further has a voltage sense pin, and the gate signal generation unit receives the feedback voltage via the voltage sense pin.
In an embodiment of the invention, the control chip further has a power pin configured to receive the DC input voltage required for operations.
In an embodiment of the invention, the control chip further has a ground pin coupled to the ground potential.
Another embodiment of the invention also provides a load driving apparatus which similarly includes a power conversion circuit, a dimming circuit, a control chip and a compensation circuit. The power conversion circuit is configured to provide a DC output voltage to an LED string. The dimming circuit is connected in series with the LED string, and configured to adjust a luminance of the LED string. The control chip is coupled to the power conversion circuit and the dimming circuit, and configured to: generate the gate PWM signal in response to a comparison between a compensation voltage and a ramp signal to control operations of the power conversion circuit; generate the dimming output PWM signal in response to a dimming input PWM signal and the gate PWM signal to control operations of the dimming circuit; and transfer the compensation voltage to a compensation pin of the control chip in response to an enabling of the dimming input PWM signal. The compensation circuit is coupled to the compensation pin, and configured to store the compensation voltage and compensate the compensation voltage so that the power conversion circuit stably provides the DC output voltage. Particularly, the control chip is further configured to stop transferring the compensation voltage to the compensation pin in response to a disabling of the dimming input PWM signal, such that the compensation voltage stored by the compensation circuit does not change with variation (i.e., enabling and disabling) of the dimming output PWM signal. In addition, the control chip may enter into a shutdown status in response to the compensation voltage being greater than a predetermined threshold voltage for a predetermined counting time, so as to stop generating the gate pulse-width-modulation signal.
Based on above, in the invention, the compensation voltage on the compensation pin of the control chip does not change in response to (or with) variation (enabling or disabling) of the PWM signal for dimming (i.e., the dimming output PWM signal). In other words, regardless of whether the PWM signal for dimming (i.e., the dimming output PWM signal) is enabled or disabled, the compensation voltage on the compensation pin of the control chip maintains unchanged. Therefore, the LED string at the current switching transient does not have the generation of over-shoot current, so as to solve the problems as mentioned in Description of Related Art.
However, the above descriptions and the below embodiments are only used for explanation, and they do not limit the scope of the invention.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a load driving apparatus 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an implementation of the load driving apparatus 10 depicted in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram illustrating an implementation of the switching unit 207 depicted in FIG. 2.
FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram illustrating another implementation of the switching unit 207 depicted in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram illustrating a part of operations of the load driving apparatus 10 depicted in FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating another implementation of the load driving apparatus 10 depicted in FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an implementation of the dimming signal generation unit 205 depicted in FIG. 5.



DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
Descriptions of the invention are given with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated with accompanied drawings, wherein same or similar parts are denoted with same reference numerals. In addition, whenever possible, identical or similar reference numbers stand for identical or similar elements in the figures and the embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a load driving apparatus 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an implementation of the load driving apparatus 10 depicted in FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 together, the load driving apparatus 10 includes a power conversion circuit 101, a dimming circuit 103, a (current-mode) control chip 105, a compensation circuit 107 and an output feedback unit 109.
The power conversion circuit 101 is configured to receive a DC input voltage VDC—IN and provide a DC output voltage VDC—OUT to at least an LED string 20 (i.e., a plurality of LEDs connected together in forward series) in response to a gate pulse-width-modulation signal (gate PWM signal) GPW from the control chip 105.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the power conversion circuit 101 may be a DC boost circuit, which may include an inductor L1, a diode (such as a Schottky diode, but the invention is not limited thereto) D1, a capacitor C1, an (N-type) power switch Q1 and a resistor R1.
A first terminal of the inductor L1 is configured to receive the DC input voltage VDC—IN. An anode of the diode D1 is coupled to a second terminal of the inductor L1, and a cathode of the diode D1 is coupled to an anode of the LED string 20 to provide the DC output voltage VDC—OUT. A first terminal of the capacitor C1 is coupled to the cathode of the diode D1 and a second terminal of the capacitor C1 is coupled a ground potential. A drain of the (N-type) power switch Q1 is coupled to the second terminal of the inductor L1 and the anode of the diode D1, and a gate of the (N-type) power switch Q1 is configured to receive the gate PWM signal GPW from the control chip 105. The resistor R1 is coupled between a source of the (N-type) power switch Q1 and the ground potential.
On the other hand, the dimming circuit 103 is connected in series with the LED string 20, and configured to adjust a luminance/brightness of the LED string 20 in response to a dimming output PWM signal DPW_O from the control chip 105. In the present exemplary embodiment, the dimming circuit 103 may include an (N-type) dimming switch Q2 and a resistor R2. A drain of the (N-type) dimming switch Q2 is coupled to a cathode of LED string 20, and a gate of the (N-type) dimming switch Q2 is configured to receive the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O from the control chip 105. The resistor R2 is coupled between a source of the (N-type) dimming switch Q2 and the ground potential.
The control chip 105 is coupled to the power conversion circuit 101 and the dimming circuit 103, and configured to: 1) generate the gate PWM signal GPW in response to a comparison between a compensation voltage VCOMP and a ramp signal Ramp_S to control operations of the power conversion circuit 101; 2) generate the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O in response to a dimming input PWM signal DPW_I to control operations of the dimming circuit 103; and 3) transfer the compensation voltage VCOMP to a compensation pin CMP of the control chip 105 in response to an enabling of the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I. Moreover, the control chip 105 may be further configured to: 4) stop transferring the compensation voltage VCOMP to the compensation pin CMP in response to a disabling of the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I.
Basically, in order to ensure that the control chip 105 operates normally, the control chip 105 may have a power pin VDD to receive the DC input voltage VDC—IN required for operations, and may have a ground pin GND coupled to the ground potential. Accordingly, the control chip 105 may perform a conversion (e.g., boosting/bucking) to the DC input voltage VDC—IN, so as to obtain an operating voltage required for internal circuits thereof.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the control chip 105 may include an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) 201, a gate signal generation unit 203, a dimming signal generation unit 205 and a switching unit 207. Among them, the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) 201 is configured to receive a cross-voltage VR2 of the resistor R2 and a predetermined dimming reference voltage Vref, so as to generate the compensation voltage VCOMP.
In other words, a positive input terminal (+) of the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) 201 is configured to receive the predetermined dimming reference voltage Vref; a negative input terminal (−) of the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) 201 is configured to receive the cross-voltage VR2 of the resistor R2; and an output terminal of the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) 201 is configured to generate and output the compensation voltage VCOMP. In the present exemplary embodiment, the control chip 105 may further have a dimming detection pin INN, and the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) 201 may receive the cross-voltage VR2 of the resistor R2 via the dimming detection pin INN. The voltage VR2 feedbacked to the dimming detection pin INN of the control chip 105 may substantially be similar to the predetermined dimming reference voltage Vref, but the invention is not limited thereto.
The gate signal generation unit 203 is coupled to the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) 201, and configured to receive the compensation voltage VCOMP and the ramp signal Ramp_S and compare the compensation voltage VCOMP with the ramp signal Ramp_S in response to the enabling of the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I, so as to generate the gate PWM signal GPW. In addition, the gate signal generation unit 203 is further configured to stop generating the gate PWM signal GPW in response to the disabling of the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I. In the present exemplary embodiment, the control chip may further have a gate output pin GATE, and the gate signal generation unit 203 may output the gate PWM signal GPW via the gate output pin GATE to control switching of the (N-type) power switch Q1.
The dimming signal generation unit 205 is configured to receive the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I and buffer-output the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I, so as to generate the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O. In the present exemplary embodiment, the dimming signal generation unit 205 may be implemented by adopting at least two inverters connected in series, but the invention is not limited thereto. Apparently, the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O is substantially identical to the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I. Moreover, the control chip 105 may further have a dimming input pin DIM_I, and the dimming signal generation 205 may receive the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I via the dimming input pin DIM_I; in addition, the control chip 105 may further have a dimming output pin DIM_O, and the dimming signal generation 205 may output the dimming input PWM signal DPW_O via the dimming output pin DIM_O to control switching of the (N-type) dimming switch Q2.
The switching unit 207 is coupled to the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) 201, and configured to receive the compensation voltage VCOMP and transfer the compensation voltage VCOMP to the compensation pin CMP in response to the enabling of the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I; in addition, the switching unit 207 may be further configured to stop transferring the compensation voltage VCOMP to the compensation pin CMP in response to the disabling of the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the switching unit 207 may be implemented by adopting a combination of a transmission gate TG and an inverter INV as shown in FIG. 3A, but the invention is not limited thereto. In other exemplary embodiments of the invention, the switching unit 207 may also be implemented by adopting a single N-type transistor switch MN, as shown in FIG. 3B. In other words, as long as existing functions of the switching unit 207 are present, implementations of the switching unit 207 may be changed according to the actual design/application requirements.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the compensation circuit 107 is coupled to the compensation pin CMP of the control chip 105, and configured to store the compensation voltage VCOMP and compensate the compensation voltage VCOMP, so that the power conversion circuit 101 stably provides the DC output voltage VDC—OUT. In the present exemplary embodiment, the compensation circuit 107 may be an RC series network which includes a capacitor C2 and a resistor R3. A first terminal of the capacitor C2 is coupled to the compensation pin CMP, and the resistor R3 is coupled between a second terminal of the capacitor C2 and the ground potential. Of course, in other exemplary embodiments of the invention, the capacitor C2 and the resistor R3 may also be oppositely disposed, i.e., a first terminal of the resistor R3 is changed to couple to the compensation pin CMP, and the capacitor C2 is changed to couple between the second terminal of the resistor R3 and the ground potential.
It should be noted that, since the compensation circuit 107 may store the compensation voltage VCOMP via the capacitor C2 in response to the enabling of the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I, and be in a floating state in response to the disabling of the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I. Thus, it can be known that, the compensation voltage VCOMP stored by the compensation circuit 107 does not change with variation (i.e., enabling and disabling) of the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O. In other words, regardless of whether the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O is enabled or disabled, the compensation voltage VCOMP on the compensation pin CMP of the control chip 105 maintains unchanged.
Besides, in order to avoid the LED string 20 and/or the internal elements/components of the load driving apparatus 10 from being damaged due to affection of an over current (OC), thus, in the present exemplary embodiment, the gate signal generation unit 203 may be further configured to determine whether to activate an OC protection mechanism in response to a cross-voltage VR1 of the resistor R1 and a predetermined over current protection reference voltage Vocp. Once the gate signal generation unit 203 has determined to activate the OC protection mechanism, the gate signal generation unit 203 stops generating the gate PWM signal GPW in response to the activation of the OC protection mechanism, until no occurrence of the over current is found. In this condition, the control chip 105 may further have a current sense pin OCP, and the gate signal generation unit 203 may receive the cross-voltage VR1 of the resistor R1 via the current sense pin OCP, so as to determine whether the over current occurs.
Moreover, in order to avoid the LED string 20 and/or the internal elements/components of the load driving apparatus 10 from being damaged due to affection of an over voltage (OV), thus, in the present exemplary embodiment, the control chip 105 may determine whether to activate an OV protection mechanism with reference to a feedback voltage VFB of the output feedback unit 109. In the present exemplary embodiment, the output feedback unit 109 is coupled between the DC output voltage VDC—OUT and the ground potential, and configured to provide the feedback voltage VFB relating to the DC output voltage VDC—OUT.
More specifically, the output feedback unit 109 may include resistors R4 and R5. A first terminal of the resistor R4 is configured to receive the DC output voltage VDC—OUT; a second terminal of the resistor R4 is configured to provide the feedback voltage VFB; and the resistor R5 is coupled between the second terminal of the resistor R4 and the ground potential. Apparently, the feedback voltage VFB is a voltage-dividing signal of the DC output voltage VDC—OUT, i.e., VFB=VDC—OUT*(R5/(R4+R5)).
Based on the feedback voltage VFB provided by the output feedback unit 109, the gate signal generation unit 203 may be further configured to determine whether to activate the OV protection mechanism in response to the feedback voltage VFB and a predetermined over voltage protection reference voltage Vovp. Once the gate signal generation unit 203 has determined to activate the OV protection mechanism, the gate signal generation unit 203 stops generating the gate PWM signal GPW in response to the activation of the OV protection mechanism, until no occurrence of the over voltage is found. In this condition, the control chip 105 may further have a voltage sense pin OVP, and the gate signal generation unit 203 may receive the feedback voltage VFB via the voltage sense pin OVP, so as to determine whether the over voltage occurs. Of course, in other exemplary embodiments of the invention, the gate signal generation unit 203 may also adjust the generated gate PWM signal GPW in response to the feedback voltage VFB provided by the output feedback unit 109, depending on the actual design/application requirements.
Based on above, as shown in FIG. 4, which is a waveform diagram illustrating a partial operation of the load driving apparatus 10 depicted in FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 together, it is clearly shown in FIG. 4 that the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O is substantially identical to the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I. Furthermore, it should be noted that, “VCOMP” as marked in FIG. 4 is the compensation voltage VCOMP stored by the compensation circuit 107, i.e., the compensation voltage VCOMP on the compensation pin CMP of the control chip 105.
Accordingly, the gate signal generation unit 203 compares the compensation voltage VCOMP with the ramp signal Ramp_S in response to the enabling of the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I, so as to generate the gate PWM signal GPW having a predetermined duty cycle to control switching of the (N-type) power switch Q1. In addition, the gate signal generation unit 203 may also stop generating the gate PWM signal GPW in response to the disabling of the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I. Apparently, adjustment to the luminance of the LED string 20 may be realized by applying the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I to the dimming input pin DIM_I of the control chip 105.
On the other hand, the switching unit 207 may transfer the compensation voltage VCOMP to the compensation pin CMP in response to the enabling of the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I, so that the compensation circuit 107 stores and compensates the compensation voltage VCOMP, which allows the power conversion circuit 101 to stably provide the DC output voltage VDC—OUT. In addition, the switching unit 207 may stop transferring the compensation voltage VCOMP to the compensation pin CMP in response to the disabling of the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I. Accordingly, since the compensation circuit 107 is in the floating state, the compensation voltage VCOMP stored by the compensation circuit 107 does not change with variation (i.e., enabling and disabling) of the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O. In other words, regardless of whether the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O is enabled or disabled, the compensation voltage VCOMP on the compensation pin CMP of the control chip 105 maintains unchanged.
Subsequently, when dimming input PWM signal DPW_I changes from the disable state into the enable state, since the transmission gate TG in the switching unit 207 is turned on, and the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) 201 has a relatively greater output impedance, a voltage on the output terminal of the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) 201 immediately becomes the compensation voltage Wow stored by the compensation circuit 107. Accordingly, the gate signal generation unit 203 may compare the compensation voltage VCOMP with the ramp signal Ramp_S again in response to the enabling of the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I, so as to generate the gate PWM signal GPW having the same predetermined duty cycle to control switching of the (N-type) power switch Q1. Apparently, a reason that the LED string 20 at the current switching transient does not have the generation of over-shoot current is because the compensation voltage VCOMP on the compensation pin CMP of the control chip 105 maintains unchanged, so that the gate signal generation unit 203 does not generate the full-ON (i.e., the duty cycle being 100%) gate PWM signal GPW when the LED string 20 is at the current switching transient.
Besides, during operations of the load driving apparatus 10, the gate signal generation unit 203 in the control chip 105 continues to monitor cross-voltages (VR1, VR5) of resistors R1 and R5, so as to determine whether the over current/over voltage occurs. Once the gate signal generation unit 203 has determined that occurrence of the over current and/or the over voltage is present/happened, the gate signal generation unit 203 immediately stops generating the gate PWM signal GPW, until no occurrence of the over current and/or the over voltage is found.
On the other hand, FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating another implementation of the load driving apparatus 10 depicted in FIG. 1. Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 5, compared to FIG. 2, the control chip 105 of the load driving apparatus 10 as shown in FIG. 5 may further include a comparator 209 and a counter 211. In this case, the control chip 105 in FIG. 5 may further be configured to enter into a shutdown status in response to the compensation voltage VCOMP being greater than a predetermined threshold voltage Vth for a predetermined counting time TCNT, so as to stop generating the gate PWM signal GPW.
To be specific, as shown in FIG. 5, a positive input terminal (+) of the comparator 209 is coupled to the compensation pin CMP of the control chip 105, and a negative input terminal (−) of the comparator 209 is configured to receive the predetermined threshold voltage Vth (for example, 3.5V, but not limited thereto, the predetermined threshold voltage Vth can be determined by actual design or application requirements). In addition, the counter 211 is coupled to the gate signal generation unit 203 and an output terminal of the comparator 209, and configured to output a shutdown signal Off_S to the gate signal generation unit 203 in response to the compensation voltage VCOMP being greater than the predetermined threshold voltage Vth for the predetermined counting time TCNT (for example, 156 ms, but not limited thereto, the predetermined counting time TCNT can be determined by actual design or application requirements), such that the gate signal generation unit 203 would stop generating the gate PWM signal GPW and thus the control chip 105 enters into the shutdown status.
It should be noted that if there is no cross-voltage VR2 being generated when the LED string 20 is failure, then the compensation voltage VCOMP generated by the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) 201 would be gradually raised from a relatively low voltage level to a relatively high voltage level. Once the raised compensation voltage VCOMP is greater than the predetermined threshold voltage Vth (i.e. 3.5V), the counter 211 would start counting. Moreover, the counter 211 would output the shutdown signal Off_S to the gate signal generation unit 203 in case that the compensation voltage VCOMP is always greater than the predetermined threshold voltage Vth for the predetermined counting time TCNT (i.e. 156 ms), such that the gate signal generation unit 203 would stop generating the gate PWM signal GPW and thus the control chip 105 would enter into the shutdown status and be protected from being damaged due to the failure of the LED string 20.
Furthermore, regarding of generating the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O, the dimming signal generation unit 205 of the control chip 105 in FIG. 5 may be changed to generate the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O for controlling the operations of the dimming circuit 103 in response to the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I and the gate PWM signal GPW. Obviously, the implementation of the dimming signal generation unit 205 of the control chip 105 in FIG. 5 is substantially different to that of the dimming signal generation unit 205 in FIG. 2 (i.e. by adopting at least two inverters connected in series).
To be specific, the dimming signal generation unit 205 in FIG. 5 is configured to receive the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I and the gate PWM signal GPW, and perform a low-pass filtering process on the received gate PWM signal GPW in response to variation (i.e. enabling or disabling) of the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I, so as to generate the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O for controlling the operations of the dimming circuit 103. As shown in FIG. 6, the dimming signal generation unit 205 in FIG. 5 can be seen as a low-pass filtering circuit, and may include a filter resistor Rf, a filter capacitor Cf, and a diode D2. A first terminal of the filter resistor Rf is configured to receive the gate PWM signal GPW, and a second terminal of the filter resistor Rf is configured to generate the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O and is coupled to the gate of the dimming switch Q2. A first terminal of the filter capacitor Cf is coupled to the second terminal of the filter resistor Rf, and a second terminal of the filter capacitor Cf is coupled to the ground potential. A cathode of the diode D2 is configured to receive the dimming input PWM signal DPW_I, and an anode of the diode D2 is coupled to the second terminal of the filter resistor Rf and the first terminal of the filter capacitor Cf.
Other circuit functions/operations of the control chip 105 in FIG. 5 are substantially the same or similar to those of the control chip 105 in FIG. 2 except for the additional function of detecting the compensation voltage VCOMP and the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O is generated by means of low-pass filtering, such that the details for the control chip 105 in FIG. 5 would be omitted herein.
In light of above, in the invention, the compensation voltage VCOMP on the compensation pin CMP of the control chip 105 does not change in response to (or with) variation (enabling or disabling) of the PWM signal for dimming (i.e., the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O). In other words, regardless of whether the PWM signal for dimming (i.e., the dimming output PWM signal DPW_O) is enabled or disabled, the compensation voltage VCOMP on the compensation pin CMP of the control chip 105 maintains unchanged. Therefore, the LED string 20 at the current switching transient does not have the generation of over-shoot current, so as to solve the problems as mentioned in Description of Related Art. Furthermore, because of the additional comparator 209 and counter 211, once there is no cross-voltage VR2 being generated when the LED string 20 is failure, then the control chip 105 would enter into the shutdown status and be protected from being damaged due to the failure of the LED string 20.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the structure of the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the disclosure cover modifications and variations of this specification provided they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.
Any of the embodiments or any of the claims of the invention does not need to achieve all of the advantages or features disclosed by the present invention. Moreover, the abstract and the headings are merely used to aid in searches of patent files and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention.

## Claims

1. A load driving apparatus, comprising:
a power conversion circuit configured to provide a DC output voltage to a light emitting diode string;
a dimming circuit connected in series with the light emitting diode string, and configured to adjust a luminance of the light emitting diode string;
a control chip coupled to the power conversion circuit and the dimming circuit, and configured to:
generate a gate pulse-width-modulation signal in response to a comparison between a compensation voltage and a ramp signal to control operation of the power conversion circuit;
generate a dimming output pulse-width-modulation signal in response to a dimming input pulse-width-modulation signal and the gate pulse-width-modulation signal to control operation of the dimming circuit;
transfer the compensation voltage to a compensation pin of the control chip in response to an enabling of the dimming input pulse-width-modulation signal; and

a compensation circuit coupled to the compensation pin, and configured to store the compensation voltage and compensate the compensation voltage so that the power conversion circuit stably provides the DC output voltage,
wherein the control chip is further configured to stop transferring the compensation voltage to the compensation pin in response to a disabling of the dimming input pulse-width-modulation signal, such that the compensation voltage stored by the compensation circuit does not change with variation of the dimming output pulse-width-modulation signal,
wherein the control chip enters into a shutdown status in response to the compensation voltage being greater than a predetermined threshold voltage for a predetermined counting time, so as to stop generating the gate pulse-width-modulation signal.

2. The load driving apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power conversion circuit is further configured to receive a DC input voltage and provide the DC output voltage to the light emitting diode string in response to the gate pulse-width-modulation signal.

3. The load driving apparatus of claim 2, wherein the power conversion circuit is at least a DC boost circuit, and the DC boost circuit comprises:
an inductor having a first terminal configured to receive the DC input voltage;
a first diode having an anode coupled to a second terminal of the inductor, and a cathode coupled to an anode of the light emitting diode string to provide the DC output voltage;
a first capacitor having a first terminal coupled to the cathode of the first diode, and a second terminal coupled to a ground potential;
a power switch having a drain coupled to the second terminal of the inductor and the anode of the first diode, and a gate configured to receive the gate pulse-width-modulation signal; and
a first resistor coupled between a source of the power switch and the ground potential.

4. The load driving apparatus of claim 3, wherein the dimming circuit is configured to adjust the luminance of the light emitting diode string in response to the dimming output pulse-width-modulation signal, and the dimming circuit comprises:
a dimming switch having a drain coupled to a cathode of light emitting diode string, and a gate configured to receive the dimming output pulse-width-modulation signal; and
a second resistor coupled between a source of the dimming switch and the ground potential.

5. The load driving apparatus of claim 4, wherein the compensation circuit comprises:
a second capacitor having a first terminal coupled to the compensation pin; and
a third resistor coupled between a second terminal of the second capacitor and the ground potential.

6. The load driving apparatus of claim 5, wherein the control chip comprises:
an operational transconductance amplifier configured to receive a cross-voltage of the second resistor and a predetermined dimming reference voltage, so as to generate the compensation voltage accordingly;
a gate signal generation unit coupled to the operational transconductance amplifier, and configured to receive the compensation voltage and the ramp signal, and compare the compensation voltage with the ramp signal in response to the enabling of the dimming input pulse-width-modulation signal, so as to generate the gate pulse-width-modulation signal;
a dimming signal generation unit configured to receive the dimming input pulse-width-modulation signal and the gate pulse-width-modulation signal, and perform a low-pass filtering process on the received gate pulse-width-modulation signal in response to variation of the dimming input pulse-width-modulation signal, so as to generate the dimming output pulse-width-modulation signal; and
a switching unit coupled the operational transconductance amplifier, and configured to receive the compensation voltage and transfer the compensation voltage to the compensation pin in response to the enabling of the dimming input pulse-width-modulation signal,
wherein the switching unit is further configured to stop transferring the compensation voltage to the compensation pin in response to the disabling of the dimming input pulse-width-modulation signal,
wherein the gate signal generation unit is further configured to stop generating the gate pulse-width-modulation signal in response to the disabling of the dimming input pulse-width-modulation signal.

7. The load driving apparatus of claim 6, wherein the dimming signal generation unit comprises:
a filter resistor having a first terminal configured to receive the gate pulse-width-modulation signal, and a second terminal configured to generate the dimming output pulse-width-modulation signal and coupled to the gate of the dimming switch;
a filter capacitor having a first terminal coupled to the second terminal of the filter resistor, and a second terminal coupled to the ground potential; and
a second diode having a cathode configured to receive the dimming input pulse-width-modulation signal, and an anode coupled to the second terminal of the filter resistor and the first terminal of the filter capacitor.

8. The load driving apparatus of claim 6, wherein the switching unit is implemented by at least adopting a combination of a transmission gate and an inverter.

9. The load driving apparatus of claim 6, wherein the switching unit is implemented by at least adopting a transistor switch.

10. The load driving apparatus of claim 6, wherein the control chip further comprises:
a comparator having a positive input terminal coupled to the compensation pin, and a negative input terminal configured to receive the predetermined threshold voltage; and
a counter coupled to the gate signal generation unit and an output terminal of the comparator, and configured to output a shutdown signal to the gate signal generation unit in response to the compensation voltage being greater than the predetermined threshold voltage for the predetermined counting time, such that the gate signal generation unit stops generating the gate pulse-width-modulation signal and thus the control chip enters into the shutdown status.

11. The load driving apparatus of claim 6, wherein:
the control chip further has a gate output pin, and the gate signal generation unit outputs the gate pulse-width-modulation signal via the gate output pin to control switching of the power switch;
the control chip further has a dimming input pin, and the dimming signal generation unit receives the dimming input pulse-width-modulation signal via the dimming input pin;
the control chip further has a dimming output pin, and the dimming signal generation unit outputs the dimming output pulse-width-modulation signal via the dimming output pin to control switching of the dimming switch; and
the control chip further has a dimming detection pin, and the operational transconductance amplifier receives the cross-voltage of the second resistor via the dimming detection pin.

12. The load driving apparatus of claim 6, wherein the gate signal generation unit is further configured to determine whether to activate an over current protection mechanism in response to a cross-voltage of the first resistor and a predetermined over current protection reference voltage,
wherein the gate signal generation unit is further configured to stop generating the gate pulse-width-modulation signal in response to the activation of the over current protection mechanism.

13. The load driving apparatus of claim 12, wherein the control chip further has a current sense pin, and the gate signal generation unit receives the cross-voltage of the first resistor via the current sense pin.

14. The load driving apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
an output feedback unit coupled between the DC output voltage and the ground potential, and configured to provide a feedback voltage relating to the DC output voltage,
wherein the gate signal generation unit is further configured to determine whether to activate an over voltage protection mechanism in response to the feedback voltage and a predetermined over voltage protection reference voltage,
wherein the gate signal generation unit is further configured to stop generating the gate pulse-width-modulation signal in response to the activation of the over voltage protection mechanism.

15. The load driving apparatus of claim 14, wherein the output feedback unit comprises:
a fourth resistor having a first terminal configured to receive the DC output voltage, and a second terminal configured to provide the feedback voltage; and
a fifth resistor coupled between the second terminal of the fourth resistor and the ground potential.

16. The load driving apparatus of claim 14, wherein the control chip further has a voltage sense pin, and the gate signal generation unit receives the feedback voltage via the voltage sense pin.

17. The load driving apparatus of claim 3, wherein:
the control chip further has a power pin configured to receive the DC input voltage required for operations, and
the control blade further has a ground pin coupled to the ground potential.