FI L ED U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S EL EVENTH CI RCUI T APRI L 27, 2010
J OHN L EY CL ERK [ D O N O T P U B L I S H ]

I N T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S C O U R T O F A P P E A L S

F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C I R C U I T

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

N o

. 0 9

- 1 5 4 5 1 N o n

- A r g u m e n t C a l e n d a r

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

D

. C

. D o c k e t N o

. 0 0

- 0 0 6 5 0

- C R

- P C H

U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A
,

P l a i n t i f f

- A p p e l l e e ,

v e r s u s

T A V A R E S O N T A R I O W I G G I N S
, a

. k

. a

. T a v a r i s W i g g i n s , a

. k

. a

. T a v a r e s W i l l i a m s ,

D e f e n d a n t

- A p p e l l a n t

.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A p p e a l f r o m t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s D i s t r i c t C o u r t f o r t h e S o u t h e r n D i s t r i c t o f F l o r i d a

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( A p r i l 2 7
, 2 0 1 0 )

B e f o r e B L A C K
, H U L L a n d B A R K E T T
, C i r c u i t J u d g e s

.

P E R C U R I A M :T a v e r e s O n t a r i o W i g g i n s , a f e d e r a l p r i s o n e r c o n v i c t e d o f a c r a c k

- c o c a i n e

o f f e n s e , a p p e a l s t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t ’ s d e n i a l o f h i s p r o s e m o t i o n f o r a r e d u c e d

s e n t e n c e , b r o u g h t p u r s u a n t t o 1 8 U

. S

. C

. § 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 )

. W i g g i n s r e l i e s o n t h i s

C o u r t ’ s d e c i s i o n i n U

n i t e d S t a t e s v

. A r c h e r , 5 3 1 F

. 3 d 1 3 4 7 ( 1 1 t h C i r

. 2 0 0 8 ) a n d t h e

S u p r e m e C o u r t ’ s d e c i s i o n i n B e g a y v

. U n i t e d S t a t e s , 5 5 3 U

. S

. 1 3 7
, 1 2 8 S

. C t

. 1 5 8 1

( 2 0 0 8 )
, t o s u p p o r t h i s c l a i m t h a t c a r r y i n g a c o n c e a l e d w e a p o n d o e s n o t c o n s t i t u t e a

c r i m e o f v i o l e n c e f

o r s e n t e n c i n g p u r p o s e s

. A s s u c h
, h e a r g u e s t h a t h e d i d n o t

q u a l i f y f o r t h e c a r e e r o f

f e n d e r e n h a n c e m e n t i n U

. S

. S

. G

. § 4 B 1

. 1
, a n d t h u s h i s

s e n t e n c e s h o u l d b e r e d u c e d u n d e r § 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 )

.

W e r e v i e w d e n o v o a d i s t r i c t c o u r t ’ s c o n c l u s i o n s r e g a r d i n g t h e s c o p e o f i t s

l e g a l a u t h o r i t y u n d e r 1 8 U

. S

. C

. § 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 )

. U n i t e d S t a t e s v

. J

a m e s , 5 4 8 F

. 3 d

9 8 3
, 9 8 4 ( 1 1 t h C i r

. 2 0 0 8 )

. A l t h o u g h a d i s t r i c t c o u r t g e n e r a l l y c a n n o t m o d i f y a

t e r m o f i m p r i s o n m e n t o n c e i t h a s b e e n i m p o s e d
, a n e x c e p t i o n l i e s i n § 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 )

. 1

T h e p o l i c y s t a t e m e n t s p r o v i d e t h a t § 3 5 8 2 e n c o m p a s s e s c h a l l e n g e s t o t h e

a p p l i c a t i o n o f o n l y t h o s e G u i d e l i n e s t h a t h a v e b e e n r e t r o a c t i v e l y a m e n d e d ; t h e

Section 3582(c) (2) state s in releva nt part: 1

[I ]n the case of a defe ndant who has been sentenc ed to a term of imprisonment based

on a sentenc ing rang e that has subsequently b ee n l o wer ed by the Sentencing Commi ssion

. . . the court may reduc e the term of imprisonment, after considering the fac tors set forth in [18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) ] to t he extent that they are applicable
, if such a reduc tion is consistent with applicable p o l i cy s t atements issued by the Sentencing Commi ssion.

2d i s t r i c t c o u r t m u s t l e a v e a l l o t h e r G u i d e l i n e d e c i s i o n s u n a f f e c t e d

. U

. S

. S

. G

.
§ 1 B 1

. 1 0 ( b ) ( 1 ) ; U

n i t e d S t a t e s v

. B r a v o , 2 0 3 F

. 3 d 7 7 8
, 7 8 1 ( 1 1 t h C i r

. 2 0 0 0 ) ( “ [ A ] l l

o r i g i n a l s e n t e n c i n g d e t e r m i n a t i o n s r e m a i n u n c h a n g e d w i t h t h e s o l e e x c e p t i o n o f

t h e g u i d e l i n e r a n g e t h a t h a s b e e n a m e n d e d s i n c e t h e o r i g i n a l s e n t e n c i n g

. ” )

.

H e r e , W i g g i n s h a s n o t a l l e g e d a c o g n i z a b l e c l a i m u n d e r § 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 )

b e c a u s e h i s r e q u e s t f

o r a r e d u c e d s e n t e n c e r e l i e s o n c a s e d e c i s i o n s , n o t a

r e t r o a c t i v e G u i d e l i n e a m e n d m e n t

. S e e U n i t e d S t a t e s v

. M o r e n o , 4 2 1 F

. 3 d 1 2 1 7
,

1 2 2 0

– 2 1 ( 1 1 t h C i r

. 2 0 0 5 ) ( h o l d i n g t h a t b e c a u s e B o o k e r i s a S u p r e m e C o u r t 2

d e c i s i o n r a t h e r t h a n a r e t r o a c t i v e G u i d e l i n e a m e n d m e n t , i t d o e s n o t p r o v i d e a n

i n d e p e n d e n t b a s i s f

o r a m o t i o n t h a t i s o t h e r w i s e n o t c o g n i z a b l e u n d e r

§ 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 ) ) ; s e e a l

s o B r a v o , 2 0 3 F

. 3 d a t 7 8 2 ( h o l d i n g t h a t “ [ e ] x t r a n e o u s

r e s e n t e n c i n g i s s u e s ” a r e n o t c o g n i z a b l e i n § 3 5 8 2 m o t i o n s , a n d m u s t b e b r o u g h t a s

§ 2 2 5 5 c o l l a t e r a l a t t a c k s t o t h e s e n t e n c e )

. T h e r e f o r e , W i g g i n s i s n o t e n t i t l e d t o

§ 3 5 8 2 r e l i e f

.

A F F I R M E D

.

United States v. Book

er , 543 U.S. 220, 125 S. C t. 738 (2005). 2

3