| 2. | Based      on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a      material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the      statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements      were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this      report; |
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| 3. | Based      on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information      included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the      financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company      as of, and for, the periods presented in this  report; |
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| 4. | The      Company's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for      establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as      defined in Exchange Act Rules  13a -15(e) and 15d -15(e)) and      internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act      Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-(f)) for the Company and  have: |
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|   | (a) | Designed      such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure      controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure      that material information relating to the Company, including its      consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those      entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being      prepared; |
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|   | (b) | Designed      such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such disclosure      controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure      that material information relating to the registrant, is made known to us      by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which      this report is being prepared; |
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|   | (c) | Evaluated      the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures and      presented in this report our conclusions about      the  effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as      of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;      and |
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|   | (d) | Disclosed      in this report any change in the Company's internal control over financial      reporting that occurred during the Company's most recent fiscal quarter      (the Company's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that      has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the      Company's internal control over financial reporting;  and |
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| 5. | The      Company's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our      most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to      the Company's auditors and the audit committee of the Company's board of      directors (or persons performing the equivalent  functions): |
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|   | (a) | All      significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or      operation of internal control over financial reporting which are      reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company's ability to record,      process, summarize and report financial information;  and |
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|   | (b) | Any      fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other      employees who have a significant role in the Company's internal control      over financial reporting. |
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