IV 

111TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. RES. 1019 

Recognizing the fifth anniversary of the signing of the Comprehensive Peace 

Agreement between the Government of the Republic of the Sudan and 

the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army and calling for urgent 

and aggressive actions to establish peace in all regions of Sudan. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

JANUARY 20, 2010 

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey (for himself, Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN, and Mr. WOLF) 

submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee 

on Foreign Affairs 

RESOLUTION 

Recognizing the fifth anniversary of the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the Government 

of the Republic of the Sudan and the Sudan People’s 

Liberation Movement/Army and calling for urgent and 

aggressive actions to establish peace in all regions of 

Sudan. 

Whereas, on January 9, 2005, the Government of the Republic of the Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation 

Movement/Army (SPLM/A) signed the Comprehensive 

Peace Agreement (CPA) for Sudan in Nairobi, Kenya; 

Whereas the CPA ostensibly ended a war between the government in the north and former rebels in the south of 

Sudan that lasted over 20 years and resulted in the 


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•HRES 1019 IH 

deaths of over 2,000,000 people and the displacement of 

over 4,000,000 people; 

Whereas the CPA acknowledges that the Sudan war was the 

longest running conflict in Africa and ‘‘caused tragic loss 

of life, destroyed the country’s infrastructure, eroded its 

economic resources and caused suffering to the Sudanese 

people’’; 

Whereas the CPA recognizes the ‘‘urgent need to bring peace 

and security to the people of the Sudan who have endured this conflict for far too long’’; 

Whereas the CPA states the commitment of the parties to a 

negotiated settlement on the basis of a democratic system 

of governance which, on the one hand, recognizes the 

right of the people of Southern Sudan to self-determination, while at the same time ‘‘is founded on the values 

of justice, democracy, good governance, respect for fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, mutual 

understanding and tolerance of diversity within the realities of the Sudan’’; 

Whereas the CPA sets forth important political and security 

arrangements, including the establishment of an interim 

government of national unity and an autonomous Government of Southern Sudan, wealth sharing between the 

north and the south, legal protections for non-Muslims 

living in the Capital, demarcation of the north-south 

boundary, a permanent ceasefire, redeployment of forces 

and establishment of Joint Integrated Units, a national 

census and national elections, and a 2011 referendum on 

possible secession for Southern Sudan; 

Whereas the United States played a key role in the negotiation of the CPA, was one of the four observer countries, 


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together with Italy, Norway, and the United Kingdom, to 

witness the signing of the CPA, and is represented on the 

Assessment and Evaluation Commission established to 

monitor the implementation of the CPA; 

Whereas a major factor in the successful negotiation of the 

CPA was the coordinated and aggressive effort by the 

international community, led by the United States, to 

urge the parties to reach a peace agreement; 

Whereas the United States continues to lead diplomatic efforts bilaterally and multilaterally to help bring about a 

truly comprehensive and lasting peace in Sudan and has 

provided nearly $9,000,000,000 in humanitarian, development, and peacekeeping assistance toward this end 

since 2004; 

Whereas not all the parties to the conflict in Sudan were a 

party to the CPA; 

Whereas in 2003, even as the CPA was being negotiated, the 

Sudanese regime unleashed a genocidal campaign in the 

Darfur region of Sudan, in which over 300,000 Darfuris 

have died and nearly 3,000,000 have been displaced; 

Whereas the National Congress Party (NCP), formerly the 

National Islamic Front (NIF), which controls the government in Khartoum, has announced its intention to forcibly return or relocate the internally displaced persons in 

Darfur, thereby threatening to deny them access to humanitarian assistance; 

Whereas the conflicts in Darfur and southern Sudan are inextricably linked, and if the CPA fails there can be little 

hope for peace in Darfur; 

Whereas numerous key aspects of the CPA have not been implemented in the timeframe specified, with elections 


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scheduled for April 2010 and the referendum on independence for southern Sudan scheduled for January 

2011; 

Whereas the NCP, to date, has blocked passage of legal reforms that are necessary to ensure free and fair elections, 

including safeguards to prevent the arrest and detention 

of members of the political opposition; 

Whereas while expectations for peace dividends in the south 

are high, the Government of Southern Sudan faces the 

greatest post-conflict reconstruction challenges in modern 

times, including basic infrastructure, executive leadership, 

financial, natural and human resources management, and 

equitable social service access; 

Whereas it is reported that over 2,000 Sudanese were killed 

and 250,000 were displaced in southern Sudan due to 

intercommunal violence in 2009, thus threatening peace 

within southern Sudan; 

Whereas a coalition of aid agencies working in southern 

Sudan issued a briefing paper on January 7, 2010, stating that the CPA is ‘‘extremely fragile and violence is 

again increasing. The humanitarian situation, already 

one of the worst in the world, is deteriorating; and in the 

eyes of most ordinary southerners, meaningful post-war 

development has been absent’’, adding that the next 12 

months are crucial, and that ‘‘with concerted and immediate action, the parties to the CPA and the international 

community can, and must, prevent a return to a devastating conflict.’’; 

Whereas a return to war in Sudan would likely spread violence into Chad, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and beyond, thereVerDate Nov 24 2008 03:41 Jan 21, 2010 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\HR1019.IH HR1019

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by raising extreme concern of a regional conflagration; 

and 

Whereas the international community has a short and critically important time period in which to pressure the parties to the CPA, and particularly the Bashir regime, to 

uphold their commitments under the CPA and more importantly, to avert another war in Sudan and establish 

the foundations for a lasting and stable peace throughout 

the country: Now, therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 

2 (1) recognizes the fifth anniversary of the sign3 ing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) 

4 between the Government of the Republic of the 

5 Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Move6 ment/Army on January 9, 2005; 

7 (2) calls on both parties to implement imme8 diately their respective obligations under the CPA, 

9 in accordance with the terms and timeline estab10 lished therein; 

11 (3) urges the United States to establish and ad12 here to specified measures to be taken against the 

13 respective parties if and when they fail to implement 

14 the CPA in accordance with the terms and timeline 

15 established therein, and to implement a more robust 

16 set of multilateral measures against those individ17 uals who act as obstructionists to peace, including 


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1 those who continue to sell arms to belligerents in 

2 Sudan; 

3 (4) urges the President of the United States 

4 and the Secretary of State to intervene at the high5 est levels within the international community, both 

6 multilaterally and bilaterally with key governments 

7 including China, India, and certain members of the 

8 Arab League, to reinvigorate international support 

9 and pressure on all parties for the establishment of 

10 a durable peace in Sudan; 

11 (5) urges the United States to reinvigorate the 

12 international commitment to achieving peace in 

13 Sudan that contributed to the signing of the CPA by 

14 engaging relevant parties at all levels on an urgent 

15 basis through political and diplomatic means; 

16 (6) urges the United States to pursue a broad17 er, carefully calibrated engagement within Sudan to 

18 include key players who were not parties to the 

19 CPA; 

20 (7) urges the United States to actively encour21 age greater international support for capacity-build22 ing in southern Sudan, with appropriate measures to 

23 ensure accountability and transparency; 

24 (8) urges the United States to insist that the 

25 National Congress Party (NCP) guarantee secure 


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1 humanitarian access to all areas of Darfur and to 

2 ensure the ability of humanitarian organizations to 

3 publicize their assessments without reprisals; 

4 (9) urges the United States to impress upon the 

5 NCP that internally displaced persons in Darfur are 

6 not to be forcibly returned to their villages or relo7 cated; 

8 (10) urges the United States to ensure that all 

9 peace processes within Sudan respect the rights and 

10 dignity of all Sudanese, including those in northern 

11 Sudan, eastern Sudan, southern Kordofan, Abyei, 

12 and Blue Nile regions; 

13 (11) recognizes the critical role of religious 

14 communities in providing peace education and facili15 tating reconciliation at all levels of Sudanese society, 

16 as well as the important contribution of faith-based 

17 organizations in the provision of humanitarian as18 sistance throughout Sudan; and 

19 (12) urges all parties in Sudan to cease all hos20 tile activities and to fully commit to establishing a 

21 durable peace throughout the country. 

Æ 


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