Form of Subordinated Debt Indenture



 EXHIBIT 4.7 
  

FORM OF 
  
 SUBORDINATED DEBT INDENTURE 
  
 TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED 
  
 to 
  
 [TRUSTEE]

  
 Trustee 
  
 Dated as of
[            ] 









 TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED 
  
 Certain Sections of this Indenture relating to 
 Sections 310 through 318, inclusive, of the 
 Trust Indenture Act of 1939 
  

			
	 Trust Indenture Act Section

	  	 Indenture Section


	 Section 310(a)(1)
	  	609
	 (a)(2)
	  	609
	 (a)(3)
	  	Not Applicable
	 (a)(4)
	  	Not Applicable
	 (b)
	  	608
	 Section 311(a)
	  	613
	 (b)
	  	613
	 Section 312(a)
	  	701
	 	  	702
	 (b)
	  	702
	 (c)
	  	702
	 Section 313(a)
	  	703
	 (b)
	  	703
	 (c)
	  	703
	 (d)
	  	703
	 Section 314(a)
	  	704
	 (a)(4)
	  	101
	 (b)
	  	Not Applicable
	 (c)(1)
	  	102
	 (c)(2)
	  	102
	 (c)(3)
	  	Not Applicable
	 (d)
	  	Not Applicable
	 (e)
	  	102
	 Section 315(a)
	  	601
	 (b)
	  	602
	 (c)
	  	601
	 (d)
	  	601
	 (e)
	  	514
	 Section 316(a)
	  	101
	 (a)(1)(A)
	  	502
	 	  	512
	 (a)(1)(B)
	  	513
	 (a)(2)
	  	Not Applicable
	 (b)
	  	508
	 (c)
	  	104
	 Section 317(a)(1)
	  	503
	 (a)(2)
	  	504
	 (b)
	  	1003
	 Section 318(a)
	  	107


 Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any
purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture. 
  

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 Table of Contents 
  

					
	 ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION
	  	1
	 SECTION 101.
	  	 Definitions
	  	1
	 SECTION 102.
	  	 Compliance Certificates and Opinions
	  	9
	 SECTION 103.
	  	 Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee
	  	9
	 SECTION 104.
	  	 Acts of Holders; Record Dates
	  	10
	 SECTION 105.
	  	 Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company
	  	12
	 SECTION 106.
	  	 Notice to Holders; Waiver
	  	12
	 SECTION 107.
	  	 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act
	  	13
	 SECTION 108.
	  	 Effect of Headings and Table of Contents
	  	13
	 SECTION 109.
	  	 Successors and Assigns
	  	13
	 SECTION 110.
	  	 Separability Clause
	  	13
	 SECTION 111.
	  	 Benefits of Indenture
	  	13
	 SECTION 112.
	  	 Governing Law
	  	14
	 SECTION 113.
	  	 Legal Holidays
	  	14
	 SECTION 114.
	  	 No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements
	  	14
	 SECTION 115.
	  	 No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees and Stockholders
	  	14
	 SECTION 116.
	  	 Language of Notices, Etc.
	  	14
	 ARTICLE II SECURITY FORMS
	  	15
	 SECTION 201.
	  	 Forms Generally
	  	15
	 SECTION 202.
	  	 Form of Face of Security
	  	15
	 SECTION 203.
	  	 Form of Reverse of Security
	  	17
	 SECTION 204.
	  	 Form of Legend for Global Securities
	  	20
	 SECTION 205.
	  	 Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication
	  	20
	 ARTICLE III THE SECURITIES
	  	20
	 SECTION 301.
	  	 Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series
	  	20
	 SECTION 302.
	  	 Denominations
	  	23
	 SECTION 303.
	  	 Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating
	  	24
	 SECTION 304.
	  	 Temporary Securities
	  	25
	 SECTION 305.
	  	 Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange
	  	25
	 SECTION 306.
	  	 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Wrongfully Taken Securities
	  	27
	 SECTION 307.
	  	 Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved
	  	28
	 SECTION 308.
	  	 Persons Deemed Owners
	  	30
	 SECTION 309.
	  	 Cancellation
	  	30
	 SECTION 310.
	  	 Computation of Interest
	  	30
	 SECTION 311.
	  	 CUSIP Numbers
	  	30
	 ARTICLE IV SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
	  	31
	 SECTION 401.
	  	 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture
	  	31
	 SECTION 402.
	  	 Application of Trust Money
	  	32
	 ARTICLE V REMEDIES
	  	32
	 SECTION 501.
	  	 Events of Default
	  	32
	 SECTION 502.
	  	 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment
	  	34
	 SECTION 503.
	  	 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee
	  	35

  

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	 SECTION 504.
	  	 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim
	  	35
	 SECTION 505.
	  	 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities
	  	36
	 SECTION 506.
	  	 Application of Money Collected
	  	36
	 SECTION 507.
	  	 Limitation on Suits
	  	36
	 SECTION 508.
	  	Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest and to Convert	  	37
	 SECTION 509.
	  	 Restoration of Rights and Remedies
	  	37
	 SECTION 510.
	  	 Rights and Remedies Cumulative
	  	37
	 SECTION 511.
	  	 Delay or Omission Not Waiver
	  	37
	 SECTION 512.
	  	 Control by Holders
	  	38
	 SECTION 513.
	  	 Waiver of Past Defaults
	  	38
	 SECTION 514.
	  	 Undertaking for Costs
	  	38
	 SECTION 515.
	  	 Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws
	  	39
	 ARTICLE VI THE TRUSTEE
	  	39
	 SECTION 601.
	  	 Certain Duties and Responsibilities
	  	39
	 SECTION 602.
	  	 Notice of Defaults
	  	39
	 SECTION 603.
	  	 Certain Rights of Trustee
	  	39
	 SECTION 604.
	  	 Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities
	  	40
	 SECTION 605.
	  	 May Hold Securities
	  	41
	 SECTION 606.
	  	 Money Held in Trust
	  	41
	 SECTION 607.
	  	 Compensation and Reimbursement
	  	41
	 SECTION 608.
	  	 Conflicting Interests
	  	42
	 SECTION 609.
	  	 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility
	  	42
	 SECTION 610.
	  	 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor
	  	42
	 SECTION 611.
	  	 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor
	  	44
	 SECTION 612.
	  	 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business
	  	45
	 SECTION 613.
	  	 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company
	  	45
	 ARTICLE VII HOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY
	  	45
	 SECTION 701.
	  	 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders
	  	45
	 SECTION 702.
	  	 Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders
	  	45
	 SECTION 703.
	  	 Reports by Trustee
	  	46
	 SECTION 704.
	  	 Reports by Company
	  	46
	 ARTICLE VIII CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE
	  	46
	 SECTION 801.
	  	 Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms
	  	46
	 SECTION 802.
	  	 Successor Substituted
	  	47
	 ARTICLE IX SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES
	  	47
	 SECTION 901.
	  	 Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders
	  	47
	 SECTION 902.
	  	 Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders
	  	49
	 SECTION 903.
	  	 Execution of Supplemental Indentures
	  	50
	 SECTION 904.
	  	 Effect of Supplemental Indentures
	  	50
	 SECTION 905.
	  	 Conformity with Trust Indenture Act
	  	50
	 SECTION 906.
	  	 Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures
	  	50
	 SECTION 907.
	  	 Subordination Unimpaired
	  	51
	 ARTICLE X COVENANTS
	  	51
	 SECTION 1001.
	  	 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest
	  	51

  

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	 SECTION 1002.
	  	 Maintenance of Office or Agency
	  	51
	 SECTION 1003.
	  	 Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust
	  	52
	 SECTION 1004.
	  	 Statement by Officers as to Default
	  	53
	 SECTION 1005.
	  	 Waiver of Certain Covenants
	  	53
	 ARTICLE XI REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES
	  	53
	 SECTION 1101.
	  	 Applicability of Article
	  	53
	 SECTION 1102.
	  	 Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee
	  	53
	 SECTION 1103.
	  	 Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed
	  	54
	 SECTION 1104.
	  	 Notice of Redemption
	  	55
	 SECTION 1105.
	  	 Deposit of Redemption Price
	  	55
	 SECTION 1106.
	  	 Securities Payable on Redemption Date
	  	56
	 SECTION 1107.
	  	 Securities Redeemed in Part
	  	56
	 ARTICLE XII SINKING FUNDS
	  	56
	 SECTION 1201.
	  	 Applicability of Article
	  	56
	 SECTION 1202.
	  	 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities
	  	57
	 SECTION 1203.
	  	 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund
	  	57
	 ARTICLE XIII DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE
	  	57
	 SECTION 1301.
	  	 Company’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance
	  	57
	 SECTION 1302.
	  	 Defeasance and Discharge
	  	58
	 SECTION 1303.
	  	 Covenant Defeasance
	  	58
	 SECTION 1304.
	  	 Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance
	  	59
	 SECTION 1305.
	  	Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust; Miscellaneous Provisions	  	60
	 SECTION 1306.
	  	 Reinstatement
	  	61
	 ARTICLE XIV SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES
	  	61
	 SECTION 1401.
	  	 Securities Subordinate to Senior Debt
	  	61
	 SECTION 1402.
	  	 Payment Over of Proceeds Upon Dissolution, Etc.
	  	62
	 SECTION 1403.
	  	 Prior Payment to Senior Debt Upon Acceleration of Securities
	  	63
	 SECTION 1404.
	  	 No Payment When Senior Debt in Default
	  	63
	 SECTION 1405.
	  	 Payment Permitted in Certain Situations
	  	64
	 SECTION 1406.
	  	 Subrogation to Rights of Holders of Senior Debt
	  	65
	 SECTION 1407.
	  	 Provisions Solely to Define Relative Rights
	  	65
	 SECTION 1408.
	  	 Trustee to Effectuate Subordination
	  	65
	 SECTION 1409.
	  	 No Waiver of Subordination Provisions
	  	66
	 SECTION 1410.
	  	 Notice to Trustee
	  	66
	 SECTION 1411.
	  	 Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating Agent
	  	67
	 SECTION 1412.
	  	 Trustee Not Fiduciary for Holders of Senior Debt
	  	67
	 SECTION 1413.
	  	 Rights of Trustee as Holder of Senior Debt; Preservation of Trustees Rights
	  	67
	 SECTION 1414.
	  	 Article Applicable to Paying Agents
	  	67

  

 iv 








 SUBORDINATED DEBT INDENTURE, dated as of
[                        ], between TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED, a corporation duly organized and existing
under the laws of the State of Delaware (herein called the “Company”), having its principal office at 397 N. Sam Houston Parkway E, Suite 300, Houston, Texas 77060, and [TRUSTEE], a
[                    ] banking corporation, as Trustee (herein called the “Trustee”). 
  
 RECITALS OF THE COMPANY 
  
 The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture
to provide for the issuance from time to time of its debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called the “Securities”), to be issued in one or more series as in this Indenture provided. 
  
 All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company,
in accordance with its terms, have been done. 
  
 NOW,
THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH: 
  
 For and in
consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of series thereof, as follows: 
  
 ARTICLE I 
 DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS 
 OF GENERAL APPLICATION 
  

	 	SECTION 101.	Definitions. 

  
 For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires: 
  
 (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings
assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular; 
  
 (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings
assigned to them therein; 
  
 (3) all accounting
terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 
  
 (4) unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an “Article” or a “Section” refers to an Article or a
Section, as the case may be, of this Indenture; 
  
 (5) the words “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision; and 
  

 1 








 (6) when used with respect to any Security, the words “convert,”
“converted” and “conversion” are intended to refer to the right of the Holder or the Company to convert or exchange such Security into or for securities or other property in accordance with such terms, if any, as may hereafter be
specified for such Security as contemplated by Section 301, and these words are not intended to refer to any right of the Holder or the Company to exchange such Security for other Securities of the same series and like tenor pursuant to
Section 304, 305, 306, 906 or 1107 or another similar provision of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires; and references herein to the terms of any Security that may be converted mean such terms as may be specified for such
Security as contemplated in Section 301. 
  
 “Act,” when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in Section 104. 
  
 “Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or
indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing. 
  
 “Applicable Procedures” of a Depositary means, with respect to any matter at any time, the policies
and procedures of such Depositary, if any, that are applicable to such matter at such time. 
  
 “Board of Directors” means either the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of that board. 
  
 “Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary
of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee. 
  
 “Business Day,” when used with respect to any Place of Payment, means each Monday, Tuesday,
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close; provided that, when used with respect to any Security, “Business Day”
may have such other meaning, if any, as may be specified for such Security as contemplated by Section 301. 
  
 “Capital Stock” means: 
  
 (i) in the case of a corporation, corporate stock; 
  
 (ii) in the case of a limited liability company or similar entity, any membership or similar interests therein; 
  
 (iii) in the case of an association or business entity, any and all shares,
interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock; 
  

 2 








 (iv) in the case of a partnership, partnership interests (whether general or limited); and 
  
 (v) any other interest or participation that confers on a Person the right to
receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, the issuing Person. 
  
 “Commission” means the Securities and Exchange Commission, from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if
at any time after the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time. 
  
 “Company” means the Person named as the
“Company” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor Person. 

 
 “Company Request” or “Company
Order” means a written request or order signed in the name of the Company by any two of the following: a Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, a President, a Vice President, a Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, its
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, or any other officer or officers of the Company designated in writing by or pursuant to authority of the Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee from time to time. 
  
 “Corporate Trust Office” means the principal office
of the Trustee in New York, New York at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered, which at the date hereof is located at
[                                        
                    ]. 
  
 “Corporation” means a corporation, association, company (including a limited liability company), joint-stock company, business
trust or other similar entity. 
  
 “Covenant
Defeasance” has the meaning specified in Section 1303. 
  
 “Credit Agreement” means the credit agreement dated as of                     
    ,        , among the Company, the financial institutions party thereto as lenders, and
                             , as administrative agent, together with related documents thereto
including any guarantee agreements and security documents, as amended, modified supplemented, restated, renewed, refunded, replaced, restructured repaid or refinanced from time to time (including any agreement extending the maturity thereof or
increasing the amount of available borrowings thereunder or adding entities as additional borrowers or guarantors thereunder) whether with the original agents and lenders or otherwise and whether provided under the original credit agreement or other
credit agreements or otherwise. 
  
 “Defaulted
Interest” has the meaning specified in Section 307. 
  
 “Defeasance” has the meaning specified in Section 1302. 
  
 “Depositary” means, with respect to Securities of any series issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, a clearing agency that is designated to act as Depositary
for such Securities as contemplated by Section 301. 
  

 3 








 “Equity Interests” means Capital Stock and all warrants, options or other rights
to acquire Capital Stock (but excluding any debt security that is convertible into, or exchangeable for, Capital Stock). 
  
 “Event of Default” has the meaning specified in Section 501. 
  
 “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and any statute successor thereto, in each
case as amended from time to time. 
  
 “Expiration
Date” has the meaning specified in Section 104. 
  
 “GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and
pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are in effect from time to time. 
  
 “Global Security” means a Security that evidences all
or part of the Securities of any series and bears the legend set forth in Section 204 (or such legend as may be specified as contemplated by Section 301 for such Securities). 
  
 “Holder” means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the Security Register. 

 
 “Indebtedness” means, with respect to any Person,
without duplication, any indebtedness of such Person, whether or not contingent: (i) in respect of borrowed money; (ii) evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures or similar instruments or letters of credit (or reimbursement agreements in
respect thereof); (iii) in respect of banker’s acceptances; (iv) representing capital lease obligations; (v) in respect of any guarantee by such Person of production or payment with respect to a production payment recorded as a
liability or deferred revenue in accordance with GAAP; (vi) representing the balance deferred and unpaid of the purchase price of any property, except any such balance that constitutes an accrued expense or trade payable; or
(vii) representing any hedging obligation, if and to the extent any of the foregoing indebtedness (other than letters of credit and hedging obligations) would appear as a liability upon a balance sheet of such Person prepared in accordance with
GAAP. In addition, the term “Indebtedness” includes (x) all indebtedness of any other Person, of the types described above in clauses (i) through (vii), secured by a lien on any asset of such Person (whether or not such
indebtedness is assumed by such Person), and (y) to the extent not otherwise included, the guarantee by such Person of any indebtedness of any other Person of the types described above in clauses (i) through (vii). Notwithstanding the
foregoing, the following shall not constitute “Indebtedness”: (a) accrued expenses and trade accounts payable arising in the ordinary course of business; (b) any obligation in respect of any production payment recorded as a
liability or deferred revenue in accordance with GAAP, or any obligation in respect of any royalty, overriding royalty, net profits interest, master limited partnership interest or other interest in oil and natural gas properties, reserves or the
right to receive all or a portion of the production or the proceeds from the sale of production attributable to such properties; (c) any obligation in respect of a farm-in agreement; (d) any indebtedness which has been defeased in
accordance with GAAP or defeased pursuant to the deposit of cash or government securities (in an amount sufficient to satisfy all 

  

 4 








 
such indebtedness obligations at maturity or redemption, as applicable, and all payments of interest and premium, if any) in a trust or account created or
pledged for the sole benefit of the holders of such indebtedness, and subject to no other liens, and the other applicable terms of the instrument governing such indebtedness; (e) oil or gas balancing liabilities incurred in the ordinary course
of business and consistent with past practice; (f) any obligation in respect of any oil and natural gas hedging contract; (g) any obligations in respect of completion bonds, performance bonds, bid bonds, appeal bonds, surety bonds, bankers
acceptances, letters of credit, insurance obligations or bonds and other similar bonds and obligations incurred by the Company or any Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business and any guaranties or letters of credit functioning as or supporting
any of the foregoing bonds or obligations; (h) any obligation arising from the honoring by a bank or other financial institution of a check, draft or similar instrument drawn against insufficient funds in the ordinary course of business
(provided, however, that such obligation is extinguished within five business days of its incurrence); (i) any obligation arising from any agreement providing for indemnities, guarantees, purchase price adjustments, holdbacks,
contingency payment obligations based on the performance of the acquired or disposed assets or similar obligations (other than guarantees of Indebtedness) incurred by any Person in connection with the acquisition or disposition of assets; and
(j) obligations in respect of operating agreements, joint venture agreements, partnership agreements, oil and gas leases, farm-in agreements, farm-out agreements, assignments, purchase and sale agreements, division orders, contracts for the
sale, purchase, processing, transportation or exchange of oil or natural gas, unitization and pooling declarations and agreements, development agreements, area of mutual interest agreements, royalties, joint interest billing arrangements, net
profits interests, participation agreements, subleases, licenses or subleases and other agreements similar to any of the foregoing that are customary in the oil and gas business. 
  
 “Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed and as it may from time to time be
supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, including, for all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, the provisions of the Trust
Indenture Act that are deemed to be a part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, respectively. The term “Indenture” shall also include the terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated by
Section 301. 
  
 “interest,” when
used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity. 
  
 “Interest Payment Date,” when used with respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such
Security. 
  
 “Investment Company Act”
means the Investment Company Act of 1940 and any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time. 
  
 “Maturity,” when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of
principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise. 
  

 5 








 “Notice of Default” means a written notice of the kind specified in
Section 501(4). 
  
 “Officers’
Certificate” means a certificate signed by any two of the following: a Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, a President, a Vice President, a Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, a Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the
Company, or any other officer or officers of the Company designated in a writing by or pursuant to authority of the Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee from time to time. One of the officers signing an Officers’ Certificate given
pursuant to Section 1004 shall be the principal executive, financial or accounting officer of the Company. 
  
 “Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of counsel, who may be counsel for the Company, and who shall be acceptable to the
Trustee. 
  
 “Original Issue Discount
Security” means any Security which provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502. 
  
 “Outstanding,” when used with respect to Securities,
means, as of the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except: 
  
 (1) Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; 
  
 (2) Securities for whose payment or redemption money in the
necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such
Securities; provided that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made; 
  
 (3) Securities as to which Defeasance has been effected
pursuant to Section 1302; 
  
 (4) Securities
which have been paid pursuant to Section 306 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which there shall have been
presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Securities are valid obligations of the Company; and 
  
 (5) Securities as to which any property deliverable upon conversion thereof has been delivered (or such
delivery has been duly provided for), or as to which any other particular conditions have been satisfied, in each case as may be provided for such Securities as contemplated in Section 301; 
  
 provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given, made or taken any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action hereunder as of any date, (A) the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount
Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be 

  

 6 








 
the amount of the principal thereof which would be due and payable as of such date upon acceleration of the Maturity thereof to such date pursuant to
Section 502, (B) if, as of such date, the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of a Security is not determinable, the principal amount of such Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount as specified or
determined as contemplated by Section 301, (C) the principal amount of a Security denominated in one or more foreign currencies, composite currencies or currency units which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the U.S. dollar
equivalent, determined as of such date in the manner provided as contemplated by Section 301, of the principal amount of such Security (or, in the case of a Security described in Clause (A) or (B) above, of the amount determined as
provided in such Clause), and (D) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in
determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, only Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be so owned
shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and
that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor. 
  
 “Paying Agent” means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities on
behalf of the Company. 
  
 “Person” means
any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof. 
  
 “Place of Payment,” when used with respect to the Securities of any series and subject to Section 1002, means the place or
places where the principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities of that series are payable as specified as contemplated by Section 301. 
  
 “Predecessor Security” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as
that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security shall be
deemed to evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security. 
  
 “Redemption Date,” when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant
to this Indenture. 
  
 “Redemption Price,”
when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture. 
  
 “Regular Record Date” for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date on the Securities of any series means the date
specified for that purpose as contemplated by Section 301. 
  
 “Responsible Officer,” when used with respect to the Trustee, means any vice president, any assistant secretary, any assistant treasurer, any trust officer, any assistant trust officer or any 

  

 7 








 
other officer of the Trustee, in each case, located in the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and also means, with respect to a particular corporate
trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject. 
  
 “Securities” has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and more particularly means any Securities
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture. 
  
 “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933 and any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time. 
  

“Security Register” and “Security Registrar” have the respective meanings specified in
Section 305. 
  
 “Senior Debt” means:
(a) indebtedness of the Company under or in respect of the Credit Agreement, whether for principal, interest (including interest accruing after the filing of a petition initiating any proceeding pursuant to any bankruptcy law, whether or not
the claim for such interest is allowed as a claim in such proceeding), reimbursement obligations, fees, commissions, expenses, indemnities or other amounts; and (b) any other Indebtedness permitted under the terms of this Indenture, unless the
instrument under which such Indebtedness is incurred expressly provides that it is on a parity with or subordinated in right of payment to the Securities. Notwithstanding the foregoing, “Senior Debt” will not include: (i) Equity
Interests; (ii) any liability for federal, state, local or other taxes due or owed by the Company; (iii) any Indebtedness of the Company to any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates; (iv) any trade payables; or (v) any Indebtedness
that is incurred in violation of this Indenture. 
  
 “Special Record Date” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 307. 
  

“Stated Maturity,” when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means
the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable. 
  

“Subsidiary” means any Person a majority of the combined voting power of the total outstanding ownership interests in which is,
at the time of determination, beneficially owned or held, directly or indirectly, by the Company or one or more other Subsidiaries. For this purpose, “voting power” means power to vote in an ordinary election of directors (or, in the case
of a Person that is not a corporation, ordinarily to appoint or approve the appointment of Persons holding similar positions), whether at all times or only as long as no senior class of ownership interests has such voting power by reason of any
contingency. 
  
 “Trust Indenture Act”
means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force at the date as of which this instrument was executed; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “Trust Indenture Act”
means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended. 
  
 “Trustee” means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee
shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each Person who is 

  

 8 








 
then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any series
shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series. 
  
 “U.S. Government Obligation” has the meaning specified in Section 1304. 
  
 “Vice President,” when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a
number or a word or words added before or after the title “vice president.” 
  

	 	SECTION 102.	Compliance Certificates and Opinions. 

  
 Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the
Trustee such certificates and opinions as may be required under the Trust Indenture Act; provided, however, that no such opinion shall be required in connection with the issuance of Securities of any Series. Each such certificate or opinion shall be
given in the form of an Officers’ Certificate, if to be given by an officer of the Company, or an Opinion of Counsel, if to be given by counsel, and shall comply with the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act and any other requirements set
forth in this Indenture. 
  
 Every certificate or opinion with
respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include: 
  
 (1) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein
relating thereto; 
  
 (2) a brief statement as to
the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; 
  
 (3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him
to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and 
  
 (4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with. 
  

	 	SECTION 103.	Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee. 

  
 In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such
matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such
Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents. 
  

 9 








 Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal
matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his
certificate or opinion is based are erroneous. Any such certificate or opinion of, or representation by, counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers
of the Company stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations
with respect to such matters are erroneous. 
  
 Where any Person
is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument. 
  

	 	SECTION 104.	Acts of Holders; Record Dates. 

  
 Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made or taken
by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall
become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes
referred to as the “Act” of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to
Section 601) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section. 
  
 Without limiting the generality of this Section, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, (i) a Holder, including a Depositary or
its nominee that is a Holder of a Global Security, may give, make or take, by an agent or agents duly appointed in writing, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted in or pursuant
to this Indenture to be given, made or taken by Holders, and a Depositary or its nominee that is a Holder of a Global Security may duly appoint in writing as its agent or agents members of, or participants in, such Depositary holding interests in
such Global Security in the records of such Depositary; and (ii) with respect to any Global Security the Depositary for which is The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), any consent or other action given, made or taken by
an “agent member” of DTC by electronic means in accordance with the Automated Tender Offer Procedures system or other Applicable Procedures of, and pursuant to authorization by, DTC shall be deemed to constitute the “Act” of the
Holder of such Global Security, and such Act shall be deemed to have been delivered to the Company and the Trustee upon the delivery by DTC of an “agent’s message or other notice of such consent or other action having been so given, made
or taken in accordance with the Applicable Procedures of DTC. 
  
 The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or 

  

 10 








 
other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the
execution thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of his authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such
instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient. 
  
 The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register. 
  
 Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind
every future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the
Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Security. 
  
 The Company may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to give, make or
take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made or taken by Holders of Securities of such series, provided that the Company may not set a record
date for, and the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply with respect to, the giving, making or taking of any notice, declaration, request or direction referred to in the next paragraph. If any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph,
the Holders of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to give, make or take the relevant action, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided,
however, that no such action shall be effective hereunder unless given, made or taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of such series on such record date.
Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the Company from setting a new record date for any action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall
automatically and with no action by any Person be canceled and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any action given, made or taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding
Securities of the relevant series on the date such action is given, made or taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Company, at its own expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed action by
Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Trustee in writing and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in Section 106. 
  
 The Trustee may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any
series entitled to join in the giving, making or taking of (i) any Notice of Default, (ii) any declaration of acceleration referred to in Section 502, (iii) any request to institute proceedings referred to in Section 507(2)
or (iv) any direction referred to in Section 512, in each case with respect to Securities of such series. If any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Securities of such series on such record date, and
no other Holders, shall be entitled to give, make or take such notice, declaration, request or direction, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided, however, that no such action shall be effective
hereunder unless given, made or taken on or prior to the 

  

 11 








 
applicable Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of such series on such record date. Nothing in this
paragraph shall be construed to prevent the Trustee from setting a new record date for any action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with no
action by any Person be canceled and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any action given, made or taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series
on the date such action is given, made or taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee, at the Company’s expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable
Expiration Date to be given to the Company in writing and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in Section 106. 
  
 With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party hereto which sets such record date may designate any day as the “Expiration
Date” and from time to time may change the Expiration Date to any earlier or later day; provided that no such change shall be effective unless notice of the proposed new Expiration Date is given to the other party hereto in writing, and to each
Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in Section 106, on or prior to the existing Expiration Date. If an Expiration Date is not designated with respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party
hereto which set such record date shall be deemed to have initially designated the 180th day after such record date as the Expiration Date with respect thereto, subject to its right to change the Expiration Date to an earlier day as provided in this
paragraph. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Expiration Date shall be later than the 180th day after the applicable record date. 
  
 Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to give, make or take any action hereunder with regard to any particular Security may do so,
in person or by agent duly appointed in writing, with regard to all or any part of the principal amount of such Security. 
  

	 	SECTION 105.	Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company. 

  
 Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be
made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with, (1) the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office,
Attention: Corporate Trust Trustee Administration, or (2) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage
prepaid, to the Company addressed to it at the address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this instrument or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company. 
  

	 	SECTION 106.	Notice to Holders; Waiver. 

  
 Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if
in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder affected by such event, at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date (if any), and not earlier than the earliest date (if 

  

 12 








 
any), prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect
in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to
receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any
action taken in reliance upon such waiver. 
  
 In case by reason
of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for
every purpose hereunder. 
  
 Where this Indenture provides for
Notice of any event to a Holder of a Global Security, such notice shall be sufficiently given if given to the Depositary for such Security (or its designee), pursuant to its Applicable Procedures, not later than the latest date (if any), and not
earlier than the earliest date (if any), prescribed for the giving of such notice. 
  

	 	SECTION 107.	Conflict with Trust Indenture Act. 

  
 If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with a provision of the Trust Indenture Act which is required under such Act to be a part of and
govern this Indenture, the latter provision shall control. If any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust Indenture Act which may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be deemed to apply to this
Indenture as so modified or to be excluded, as the case may be. 
  

	 	SECTION 108.	Effect of Headings and Table of Contents. 

  
 The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof. 
  

	 	SECTION 109.	Successors and Assigns. 

  
 All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not. 
  

	 	SECTION 110.	Separability Clause. 

  
 In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the
remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. 
  

	 	SECTION 111.	Benefits of Indenture. 

  
 Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors
hereunder, the holders of Senior Debt and the Holders, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this 

  

 13 








 
Indenture, except as may otherwise be provided pursuant to Section 301 with respect to any Securities of a particular series or under this Indenture
with respect to such Securities. 
  

	 	SECTION 112.	Governing Law. 

  
 This Indenture and the Securities and the rights and obligations of the parties hereto and thereto, including the interpretation, construction, validity
and enforceability thereof, shall be governed by and construed and interpreted in accordance with the law of the State of New York. 
  

	 	SECTION 113.	Legal Holidays. 

  
 In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Maturity of any Security, or any date on which a Holder has the right to convert his
Security, shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Securities (other than a provision of any Security which specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu
of this Section)) payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any), or conversion of such Security need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the
same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date, or at the Maturity, or on such date for conversion, as the case may be. 
  

	 	SECTION 114.	No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements. 

  
 This Indenture may not be used to interpret any other indenture, loan or other agreement of the Company or its Subsidiaries or of any other Person. Any
such indenture, loan or other agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture. 
  

	 	SECTION 115.	No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees and Stockholders. 

  
 No past, present or future director, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of the Company, as such, will have any
liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or this Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of Securities by accepting a Security waives and releases
all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the Securities. The waiver may not be effective to waive liabilities under the federal securities laws. 
  

	 	SECTION 116.	Language of Notices, Etc. 

  
 Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver, other action or Act provided or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the
English language, except that any published notice may be in an official language of the country of publication. 
  

 14 








 ARTICLE II 
 SECURITY FORMS 
  

	 	SECTION 201.	Forms Generally. 

  
 The Securities of each series shall be in substantially the form set forth in this Article, or in such other form as shall be established by or pursuant
to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers
or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange or Depositary therefor or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing
such Securities, as evidenced by their execution thereof. If the form of Securities of any series is established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section 303 for the authentication and delivery of such Securities. 
  
 The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on steel
engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities. 
  

	 	SECTION 202.	Form of Face of Security. 

  
 [Insert any legend required by the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations thereunder.] 
  
 TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED 
  
 _________________________ 
  
 No
                         $
                         
  
 Transmeridian Exploration Incorporated, a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (herein called the
“Company,” which term includes any successor Person under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value received, hereby promises to pay to
                                        
        , or registered assigns, the principal sum of
                                        
             Dollars on
                                        
             [if the Security is to bear interest prior to Maturity, insert — , and to pay interest thereon from
                     or from the most recent Interest Payment Date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for, semi-annually
on                              and
                 in each year, commencing
                        , and at the Maturity
                         thereof, at the rate of
                    % per annum, until the principal hereof is paid or made available for payment [if applicable, insert — ,
provided that any principal and premium, and any such installment of interest, which is overdue shall bear interest at the
                             rate of      % per annum (to the
extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due until they are paid or made available for payment, and such interest shall be payable on demand]. The interest so payable, and punctually
paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date will, as provided in such Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor 

  

 15 








 
Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, which shall be the
                     or
                     (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding such Interest Payment Date. Any such interest
so payable, but not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date will forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular Record Date and may either be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more
Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by the Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities of this series not less than 10
days prior to such Special Record Date, or be paid in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which this Security may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, all as
more fully provided in said Indenture]. 
  
 [If the Security is
not to bear interest prior to Maturity, insert — The principal of this Security shall not bear interest except in the case of a default in payment of principal upon acceleration, upon redemption or at Stated Maturity and in such case the
overdue principal and any overdue premium shall bear interest at the rate of      % per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due until they
are paid or made available for payment. Interest on any overdue principal or premium shall be payable on demand.] 
  
 Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and [if applicable, insert — any such) interest on this Security will be made at the office or
agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in New York, New York, in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts, against surrender of this Security
in the case of any payment due at the Maturity of the principal thereof (other than any payment of interest that first becomes payable on a day other than an Interest Payment Date); provided, however, that at the option of the Company,
payment of interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register; and provided, further, that if this Security is a Global Security, payment may be made pursuant to
the Applicable Procedures of the Depositary as permitted in said Indenture. 
  
 Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if set forth at this place. 
  
 Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by the
Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose. 
  

 16 








 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly executed under its corporate seal.

  

			
	TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION
INCORPORATED
		
	By:	 	 
	 Name:
	 	 
	 Title:
	 	 


  
 Attest: 
  

	 	SECTION 203.	Form of Reverse of Security. 

  
 This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of securities of the Company (herein called the “Securities”), issued and to be
issued in one or more series under a Subordinated Debt Indenture, dated as of                      (herein called the
“Indenture,” which term shall have the meaning assigned to it in such instrument), between the Company and [Trustee], as Trustee (herein called the “Trustee,” which term includes any successor trustee
under the Indenture), and reference is hereby made to the Indenture for a statement of the respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company, the Trustee, the holders of Senior Debt and the Holders of the
Securities and of the terms upon which the Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered. This Security is one of the series designated on the face hereof [if applicable, insert —, limited in aggregate principal amount to
$             
  
 [If applicable, insert — The Securities of this series are subject to redemption upon not less than 30 days’ nor more than 60 days’ notice, at any time [if applicable, insert — on or after
                    , 20    ], as a whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at the
following Redemption Prices (expressed as percentages of the principal amount): If redeemed [if applicable, insert — on or before
                     %, and if redeemed] during the 12-month period beginning
             of the years indicated, 
  

							
	 Year

	  	Redemption
Price

	  	Year

	  	Redemption
Price


	 	  	 	  	 	  	 

  
 and thereafter at a Redemption Price
equal to % of the principal amount, together in the case of any such redemption with accrued interest to the Redemption Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of
such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the Indenture.] 
  
 [If the Security is subject to redemption of any kind, insert — In the event of redemption of this Security in part
only, a new Security or Securities of this series and of like tenor for the unredeemed portion hereof will be issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof.] 
  

 17 








 The indebtedness evidenced by this Security is, to the extent provided in the Indenture, subordinate and
subject in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all Senior Debt, and this Security is issued subject to the provisions of the Indenture with respect thereto. Each Holder of this Security, by accepting the same, (a) agrees to and
shall be bound by such provisions, (b) authorizes and directs the Trustee on his or her behalf to take such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination so provided and (c) appoints the Trustee his or her
attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes. Each Holder hereof, by his or her acceptance hereof, waives all notice of the acceptance of the subordination provisions contained herein and in the Indenture by each holder of Senior Debt, whether now
outstanding or hereafter created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed, and waives reliance by each such holder upon said provisions. 
  
 [If applicable, insert — The Indenture contains provisions for defeasance at any time of the entire indebtedness of this Security or certain
restrictive covenants and Events of Default with respect to this Security, in each case upon compliance with certain conditions set forth in the Indenture.] 
  
 [If the Security is not an Original Issue Discount Security, insert — If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur
and be continuing, the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.] 
  

[If the Security is an Original Issue Discount Security, insert — If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and
be continuing, an amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture. Such amount shall be equal to — insert formula for determining the amount. Upon
payment (i) of the amount of principal so declared due and payable and (ii) of interest on any overdue principal, premium and interest (in each case to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable), all of the
Company’s obligations in respect of the payment of the principal of and premium and interest, if any, on the Securities of this series shall terminate.] 
  
 The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Company and the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each series to be affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities at the time
Outstanding of all series to be affected (considered together as one class for this purpose). The Indenture also contains provisions (i) permitting the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding of all
series to be affected under the Indenture (considered together as one class for this purpose), on behalf of the Holders of all Securities of such series, to waive compliance by the Company with certain provisions of the Indenture and
(ii) permitting the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding of any series to be affected under the Indenture (with each such series considered separately for this purpose), on behalf of the Holders of
all Securities of such series, to waive certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders of this
Security and of any Security issued upon the registration of transfer 

  

 18 








 
hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Security. 
  
 As provided in and subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the Holder of
this Security shall not have the right to institute any proceeding with respect to the Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy thereunder, unless such Holder shall have previously given the Trustee written
notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of this series, the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Securities of this series at the time Outstanding shall have made written request to the Trustee to
institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default as Trustee and offered the Trustee indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it, and the Trustee shall not have received from the Holders of a majority in principal amount of Securities of this
series at the time Outstanding a direction inconsistent with such request, and shall have failed to institute any such proceeding, for 60 days after receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity. The foregoing shall not apply to any suit
instituted by the Holder of this Security for the enforcement of any payment of principal hereof or any premium or interest hereon on or after the respective due dates expressed herein. 
  
 No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the
obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and any premium and interest on this Security at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or currency, herein prescribed. 
  
 As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set
forth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Security Register, upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the office or agency of the Company in any place where the principal of and any premium and interest on
this Security are payable, duly endorsed by, or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing, and
thereupon one or more new Securities of this series and of like tenor, of authorized denominations and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or transferees. 
  
 The Securities of this series are issuable only in registered form without
coupons in denominations of $1,000 and any multiple thereof. As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount of Securities of this
series and of like tenor of a different authorized denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same. 
  
 No service charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any
tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith. 
  
 Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all
purposes, whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary. 
  

 19 








 This Security is a Global Security and is subject to the provisions of the Indenture relating to Global
Securities, including the limitations in Section 305 thereof on transfers and exchanges of Global Securities. 
  
 This Security and the Indenture shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. 
  
 All terms used in this Security which are defined in the Indenture shall have
the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture. 
  

	 	SECTION 204.	Form of Legend for Global Securities. 

  
 Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for the Securities evidenced thereby, every Global Security authenticated and delivered
hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: 
  
 THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE THEREOF. THIS SECURITY MAY NOT BE EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR A SECURITY
REGISTERED, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY IN WHOLE OR IN PART MAY BE REGISTERED, IN THE NAME OF ANY PERSON OTHER THAN SUCH DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE THEREOF, EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE. 
  

	 	SECTION 205.	Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication. 

  
 The Trustee’s certificates of authentication shall be in substantially the following form: 
  
 This is one of the Securities of the series designated herein and referred to
in the within-mentioned Indenture. 
  

									
	 Dated:
	 	 	 	[TRUSTEE], AS TRUSTEE
				
	 	 	 	 	By:	 	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 Authorized Signatory


  
 ARTICLE III

 THE SECURITIES 
  

	 	SECTION 301.	Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series. 

  
 The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. 
  

 20 








 The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be established in or pursuant to a Board
Resolution and, subject to Section 303, set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series,

  
 (1) the title of the Securities of the series
(which shall distinguish the Securities of the series from Securities of any other series); 
  
 (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this
Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 906 or 1107 and except for any Securities which,
pursuant to Section 303, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder); 
  
 (3) the Person to whom any interest on a Security of the series shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that Security (or
one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest; 
  
 (4) the date or dates on which the principal of any Securities of the series is payable; 
  
 (5) the rate or rates at which any Securities of the series
shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which any such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest shall be payable and the Regular Record Date for any such interest payable on any Interest Payment Date;

  
 (6) the place or places where the principal
of and any premium and interest on any Securities of the series shall be payable and the manner in which any payment may be made; 
  
 (7) the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which any Securities of the series
may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company and, if other than by a Board Resolution, the manner in which any election by the Company to redeem the Securities shall be evidenced; 
  
 (8) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or
purchase any Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of the Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which any
Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation; 
  
 (9) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any multiple thereof, the denominations in which any Securities of the series shall be
issuable; 
  

 21 








 (10) if the amount of principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities of the
series may be determined with reference to an index or pursuant to a formula, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined; 
  
 (11) if other than the currency of the United States of America, the currency, currencies, composite currency, composite currencies or
currency units in which the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities of the series shall be payable and the manner of determining the equivalent thereof in the currency of the United States of America for any purpose, including for
the purposes of making payment in the currency of the United States of America and applying the definition of “Outstanding” in Section 101; 
  
 (12) if the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities of the series is to be payable, at the election of the Company or
the Holder thereof, in one or more currencies, composite currencies or currency units other than that or those in which such Securities are stated to be payable, the currency, currencies, composite currency, composite currencies or currency units in
which the principal of or any premium or interest on such Securities as to which such election is made shall be payable, the periods within which and the terms and conditions upon which such election is to be made and the amount so payable (or the
manner in which such amount shall be determined); 
  
 (13) if other than the entire principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of any Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502;

  
 (14) if the principal amount payable at the
Stated Maturity of any Securities of the series will not be determinable as of any one or more dates prior to the Stated Maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be the principal amount of such Securities as of any such date for any purpose
thereunder or hereunder, including the principal amount thereof which shall be due and payable upon any Maturity other than the Stated Maturity or which shall be deemed to be Outstanding as of any date prior to the Stated Maturity (or, in any such
case, the manner in which such amount deemed to be the principal amount shall be determined); 
  
 (15) if applicable, that the Securities of the series, in whole or any specified part, shall be defeasible pursuant to Section 1302
or Section 1303 or both such Sections, any provisions to permit a pledge of obligations other than U.S. Government Obligations (or the establishment of other arrangements) to satisfy the requirements of Section 1304(1) for defeasance of
such Securities and, if other than by a Board Resolution, the manner in which any election by the Company to defease such Securities shall be evidenced; 
  
 (16) if applicable, that any Securities of the series shall be issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities
and, in such case, the respective Depositaries for such Global Securities, the form of any legend or legends which shall be borne by any such Global Security in addition to or in lieu of that set forth in Section 204, any addition to,
elimination of or other change in the circumstances set forth in Clause (2)

  

 22 








 
of the last paragraph of Section 305 in which any such Global Security may be exchanged in whole or in part for Securities registered, and any transfer
of such Global Security in whole or in part may be registered, in the name or names of Persons other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof and any other provisions governing exchanges or transfers of any such Global
Security; 
  
 (17) any addition to, elimination
of or other change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to
Section 502; 
  
 (18) any addition to,
elimination of or other change in the covenants set forth in Article X which applies to Securities of the series; 
  
 (19) any provisions necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance, payment or conversion of any Securities of the series that may be
converted into securities or other property other than Securities of the same series and of like tenor, whether in addition to, or in lieu of, any payment of principal or other amount and whether at the option of the Company or otherwise;

  
 (20) if applicable, that Persons other than
those specified in Section 111 shall have such benefits, rights, remedies and claims with respect to any Securities of the series or under this Indenture with respect to such Securities, as and to the extent provided for such Securities; and

  
 (21) any other terms of the series (which
terms shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, except as permitted by Section 901(5)). 
  
 All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to the
Board Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section 303) set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in the Officers’ Certificate referred to above or in any such indenture supplemental hereto. 
  
 If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant to
a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate setting forth
the terms of the series. 
  
 The Securities shall be subordinated
in right of payment to Senior Debt as provided in Article XIV. 
  

	 	SECTION 302.	Denominations. 

  
 The Securities of each series shall be issuable only in registered form without coupons and only in such denominations as shall be specified as
contemplated by Section 301. In the absence of any such specified denomination with respect to the Securities of any series, the Securities of such series shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any multiple thereof. 
  

 23 









	 	SECTION 303.	Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating. 

  
 The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by a Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, a President or a Vice President of the
Company (or any other officer of the Company designated in writing by or pursuant to authority of the Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee from time to time), under its corporate seal reproduced thereon attested by a Secretary or
Assistant Secretary of the Company. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile. 
  
 Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company,
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities. 
  
 At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this
Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance with the
Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. If the form or terms of the Securities of the series have been established by or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions as permitted by Sections 201 and 301, in authenticating such
Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of
Counsel stating, 
  
 (1) if the form of such
Securities has been established by or pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 201, that such form has been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; 
  
 (2) if the terms of such Securities have been established by
or pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 301, that such terms have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; and 
  
 (3) that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the
manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer,
reorganization, moratorium and similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights and to general equity principles. 
  
 If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant
to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. 
  
 Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 301 and of the preceding
paragraph, if all Securities of a series are not to be originally issued at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officers’ Certificate otherwise required pursuant to Section 301 or the Company Order and Opinion of Counsel
otherwise required pursuant to such preceding paragraph at or 

  

 24 








 
prior to the authentication of each Security of such series if such documents are delivered at or prior to the authentication upon original issuance of the
first Security of such series to be issued. 
  
 Each Security
shall be dated the date of its authentication. 
  
 No Security
shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein executed by the Trustee by manual
signature, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 309, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be
deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. 
  

	 	SECTION 304.	Temporary Securities. 

  
 Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued and with such
appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such Securities may determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities. 
  
 If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause definitive Securities of that series to be prepared
without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such
series at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor one or more definitive Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of any series shall in
all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series and tenor. 
  

	 	SECTION 305.	Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange. 

  
 The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee a register (the register maintained in such office and in any other office
or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes collectively referred to as the “Security Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for
the registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities. The Trustee is hereby appointed “Security Registrar” for the purpose of registering Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided. 
  

 25 








 Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of a series at the office or agency of the
Company in a Place of Payment for that series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities of the same series, of any authorized
denominations and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount. 
  
 At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged for other Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to be
exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

  
 All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange. 
  
 Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for
exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the Holder therefor or his
attorney duly authorized in writing. 
  
 No service charge shall
be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange
of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 304, 906 or 1107 not involving any transfer. 
  
 If the Securities of any series (or of any series and specified tenor) are to be redeemed in part, the Company shall not be required (A) to issue,
register the transfer of or exchange any Securities of that series (or of that series and specified tenor, as the case may be) during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of
any such Securities selected for redemption under Section 1103 and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (B) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part,
except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part. 
  
 The provisions of Clauses (1), (2), (3) and (4) below shall apply only to Global Securities: 
  
 (1) Each Global Security authenticated under this Indenture shall be registered in the name of the Depositary designated for such Global
Security or a nominee thereof and delivered to such Depositary or a nominee thereof custodian therefor, and each such Global Security shall constitute a single Security for all purposes of this Indenture. 
  
 (2) Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture,
and subject to such applicable provisions, if any, as may be specified as contemplated by Section 301, no Global Security may be exchanged in whole or in part for Securities registered, and no 

  

 26 








 
transfer of a Global Security in whole or in part may be registered, in the name of any Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a
nominee thereof unless (A) such Depositary has notified the Company that it (i) is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or (ii) has ceased to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act,
(B) there shall have occurred and be continuing an Event of Default with respect to such Global Security or (C) the Company has executed and delivered to the Trustee a Company Order stating that such Global Security shall be exchanged in
whole for Securities that are not Global Securities (in which case such exchange shall promptly be effected by the Trustee). If the Company receives a notice of the kind specified in Clause (A) above or has delivered a Company Order of the kind
specified in Clause (C) above, it may, in its sole discretion, designate a successor Depositary for such Global Security within 60 days after receiving such notice or delivery of such order, as the case may be. If the Company designates a
successor Depositary as aforesaid, such Global Security shall promptly be exchanged in whole for one or more other Global Securities registered in the name of the successor Depositary, whereupon such designated successor shall be the Depositary for
such successor Global Security or Global Securities and the provisions of Clauses (1), (2), (3) and (4) of this Section shall continue to apply thereto. 
  
 (3) Subject to Clause (2) above and to such applicable provisions, if any, as may be specified as
contemplated by Section 301, any exchange of a Global Security for other Securities may be made in whole or in part, and all Securities issued in exchange for a Global Security or any portion thereof shall be registered in such names as the
Depositary for such Global Security shall direct. 
  
 (4) Every Security authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for or in lieu of, a Global Security or any portion thereof, whether pursuant to this Section, Section 304, 306, 906 or 1107 or otherwise,
shall be authenticated and delivered in the form of, and shall be, a Global Security, unless such Security is registered in the name of a Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof. 
  

	 	SECTION 306.	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Wrongfully Taken Securities. 

  
 If (a) any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee or (b) both (i) there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee
(A) a claim by a Holder as to the destruction, loss or wrongful taking of any Security of such Holder and a request thereby for a new replacement Security of the same series, and (B) such indemnity bond as may be required by them to save
each of them and any agent of either of them harmless and (ii) such other reasonable requirements as may be imposed by the Company as permitted by Section 8-405 of the Uniform Commercial Code have been satisfied, then, in the absence of
notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a “protected purchaser” within the meaning of Section 8-405 of the Uniform Commercial Code, the Company shall execute and upon its request the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security, a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously Outstanding. 
  

 27 








 In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security has become or is about to become
due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security. 
  
 Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith. 
  
 Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security shall constitute an original
additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately
with any and all other Securities of that series duly issued hereunder. 
  
 The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Securities. 
  

	 	SECTION 307.	Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved. 

  
 Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to any Securities of a series, interest on any Security which is payable,
and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such
interest (or, if no business is conducted by the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office on such date, at 5:00 P.M. New York City time on such date). 
  
 Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein called
“Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant Regular 
  
 Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in
Clause (1) or (2) below: 
  
 (1) The
Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest payable on any Securities of a series to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record
Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each of such Securities and the date of the
proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for
such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this Clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record
Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to 

  

 28 








 
the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly
notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be given to each Holder of such
Securities in the manner set forth in Section 106, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been so mailed, such Defaulted
Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following Clause
(2). 
  
 (2) The Company may make payment of any
Defaulted Interest on any Securities of a series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after
notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this Clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee. 
  

Except as may otherwise be provided in this Section 307 or as contemplated in Section 301 with respect to any Securities of a series, the
Person to whom interest shall be payable on any Security that first becomes payable on a day that is not an Interest Payment Date shall be the Holder of such Security on the day such interest is paid. 
  
 Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security delivered
under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other 
  
 Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security. 
  
 In the case of any Security which is converted after any Regular Record Date
and on or prior to the next succeeding Interest Payment Date (other than any Security whose Maturity is prior to such Interest Payment Date), interest whose Stated Maturity is on such Interest Payment Date shall be payable on such Interest Payment
Date notwithstanding such conversion, and such interest (whether or not punctually paid or duly provided for) shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on
such Regular Record Date. Except as otherwise expressly provided in the immediately preceding sentence, in the case of any Security which is converted, interest whose Stated Maturity is after the date of conversion of such Security shall not be
payable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the terms of any Security that may be converted may provide that the provisions of this paragraph do not apply, or apply with such additions, changes or omissions as may be provided thereby, to such Security.

  

 29 









	 	SECTION 308.	Persons Deemed Owners. 

  
 Prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the
Person in whose name such Security is registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and any premium and (subject to Section 307) any interest on such Security and for all other purposes
whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary. 
  

	 	SECTION 309.	Cancellation. 

  
 All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of transfer or exchange or conversion or for credit against any sinking fund payment
shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee and shall be promptly canceled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered
hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person for delivery to the Trustee) for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated hereunder which the Company has not
issued and sold, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly canceled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities canceled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this
Indenture. All canceled Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of as directed by a Company Order; provided, however, that the Trustee shall not be required to destroy such canceled Securities. 
  

	 	SECTION 310.	Computation of Interest. 

  
 Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of any series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be
computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. 
  

	 	SECTION 311.	CUSIP Numbers. 

  
 The Company in issuing the Securities may use CUSIP numbers (if then generally in use) and, if so, the Trustee shall use CUSIP numbers in notices of
redemption as a convenience to Holders, provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of redemption and that reliance
may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities. Any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. 
  

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 ARTICLE IV 
 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE 
  

	 	SECTION 401.	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. 

  
 This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect (except as to any surviving rights of conversion, registration of transfer or
exchange of any Security expressly provided for herein or in the terms of such Security), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when 

 
 (1) either 
  
 (A) all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered
(other than (i) Securities which have been destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 306 and (ii) Securities for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or
segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 1003) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or 
  
 (B) all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation 
  
 (i) have become due
and payable, or 
  
 (ii) will become due and
payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or 
  
 (iii) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, 
  
 and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has
deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose money in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for
principal and any premium and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be; 
  
 (2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums
payable hereunder by the Company; and 
  
 (3) the
Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.

  

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 Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the
Trustee under Section 607 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of Clause (1) of this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 402 and the last paragraph of
Section 1003 shall survive. 
  

	 	SECTION 402.	Application of Trust Money. 

  
 Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 401 shall be held in
trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the
Persons entitled thereto, of the principal and any premium and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustee. All moneys deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 401 (and held by it or any Paying Agent) for the
payment of Securities subsequently converted shall be returned to the Company upon Company Request. 
  
 ARTICLE V 
 REMEDIES 
  

	 	SECTION 501.	Events of Default. 

  
 “Event of Default,” wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any series, means any one of the following events (whatever
the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be occasioned by the provisions of Article XIV or be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule
or regulation of any administrative or governmental body): 
  
 (1) default in the payment of any interest upon any Security of that series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or 
  
 (2) default in the payment of the principal of or any
premium on any Security of that series at its Maturity; or 
  
 (3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as due by the terms of a Security of that series; or 
  
 (4) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty
a default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt with or which has expressly been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of series of Securities other than that series), and continuance of
such default or breach for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of that series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder; or 
  

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 (5) the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises of (A) a decree or
order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or (B) a decree or order adjudging the Company a bankrupt or
insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company under any applicable Federal or State law, or appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee,
trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order for relief or any such other decree
or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days (provided that, if any Person becomes the successor to the Company pursuant to Article VIII and such Person is a corporation, partnership or trust organized and validly existing
under the law of a jurisdiction outside the United States, each reference in this Clause (5) to an applicable Federal or State law of a particular kind shall be deemed to refer to such law or any applicable comparable law of such non-U.S.
jurisdiction, for as long as such Person is the successor to the Company hereunder and is so organized and existing); or 
  
 (6) the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization or other similar law or of any other case or proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the entry of a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under
any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or to the commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding against it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking
reorganization or relief under any applicable Federal or State law, or the consent by it to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other
similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or the
taking of corporate action by the Company in furtherance of any such action (provided that, if any Person becomes the successor to the Company pursuant to Article VIII and such Person is a corporation, partnership or trust organized and validly
existing under the law of a jurisdiction outside the United States, each reference in this Clause (6) to an applicable Federal or State law of a particular kind shall be deemed to refer to such law or any applicable comparable law of such
non-U.S. jurisdiction, for as long as such Person is the successor to the Company hereunder and is so organized and existing); or 
  
 (7) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that series. 
  

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	 	SECTION 502.	Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. 

  
 If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 501(5) or 501(6)) with respect to Securities of any series at the time
Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series may declare the principal amount of all the Securities of that series (or,
in the case of any Security of that series which specifies an amount to be due and payable thereon upon acceleration of the Maturity thereof, such amount as may be specified by the terms thereof) to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in
writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 501(5) or 501(6)
with respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs, the principal amount of all the Securities of that series (or, in the case of any Security of that series which specifies an amount to be due and payable thereon upon
acceleration of the Maturity thereof, such amount as may be specified by the terms thereof) shall automatically, and without any declaration or other action on the part of the Trustee or any Holder, become immediately due and payable. 
  
 At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to
Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of that series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if 
  
 (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay 
  
 (A) all overdue interest on all Securities of that series,

  
 (B) the principal of (and premium, if any,
on) any Securities of that series which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and any interest thereon at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, 
  
 (C) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful,
interest upon overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and 
  
 (D) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the
Trustee, its agents and counsel; and 
  
 (2) all
Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series, other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities of that series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in
Section 513. 
  
 No such rescission shall affect any
subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon. 
  

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	 	SECTION 503.	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee. 

  
 The Company covenants that if 
  
 (1) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues
for a period of 30 days, or 
  
 (2) default is
made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof, 
  
 the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium and interest and, to
the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and premium and on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further
amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel. 
  
 If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and is
continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and
enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy. 
  

	 	SECTION 504.	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. 

  
 In case of any judicial proceeding relative to the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities), its property or its creditors, the Trustee shall be
entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, to take any and all actions authorized under the Trust Indenture Act in order to have claims of the Holders and the Trustee allowed in any such proceeding. In particular, the
Trustee shall be authorized to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official
in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it
for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 607. 
  
 No provision of this Indenture shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on
behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding;
provided, however, that the Trustee may, on behalf of the Holders, vote for the election of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and be a member of a creditors’ or other similar committee. 
  

 35 









	 	SECTION 505.	Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities. 

  
 All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the
Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the
payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered. 
  

	 	SECTION 506.	Application of Money Collected. 

  
 Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in
case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or any premium or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid: 
  
 FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 607;
and 
  
 SECOND: Subject to Article XIV, to the payment of the
amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts
due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium and interest, respectively. 
  

	 	SECTION 507.	Limitation on Suits. 

  
 No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for
the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless 
  
 (1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that
series; 
  
 (2) the Holders of not less than 25%
in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder; 
  
 (3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee
indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request; 
  
 (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding;
and 
  

 36 








 (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee
during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series; 
  
 it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this
Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein
provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all of such Holders. 
  

	 	SECTION 508.	Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest and to Convert. 

  
 Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute
and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and any premium and (subject to Section 307) interest on such Security on the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption
Date), and, if the terms of such Security so provide, to convert such Security in accordance with its terms, and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment and, if applicable, any such right to convert, and such rights shall not be
impaired without the consent of such Holder. 
  

	 	SECTION 509.	Restoration of Rights and Remedies. 

  
 If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued
or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and
respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted. 
  

	 	SECTION 510.	Rights and Remedies Cumulative. 

  
 Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Securities in the last paragraph
of Section 306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and
in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or
employment of any other appropriate right or remedy. 
  

	 	SECTION 511.	Delay or Omission Not Waiver. 

  
 No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any
such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from 

  

 37 








 
time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be. 
  

	 	SECTION 512.	Control by Holders. 

  
 The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such series, provided that 
  
 (1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture, and 
  
 (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by
the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction. 
  

	 	SECTION 513.	Waiver of Past Defaults. 

  
 The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities
of such series waive any past default hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default 
  
 (1) in the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any Security of such series, or 
  
 (2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under
Article IX cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected. 
  
 Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose
of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon. A waiver of any past default and its consequences given by or on behalf of any Holder of the Securities in connection with
a purchase of, or tender or exchange offer for, such Holder’s Securities will not be rendered invalid by such purchase, tender or exchange. 
  

	 	SECTION 514.	Undertaking for Costs. 

  
 In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted
by it as Trustee, a court may require any party litigant in such suit to file an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and may assess costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, against any such party litigant, in the manner
and to the extent provided in the Trust Indenture Act; provided that neither this Section nor the Trust Indenture Act shall be deemed to authorize any court to require such an undertaking or to make such an assessment in any suit instituted by the
Company or the Trustee or, if applicable, in any suit for the enforcement of the right to convert any Security in accordance with its terms. 
  

 38 









	 	SECTION 515.	Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws. 

  
 The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or
take the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do
so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as
though no such law had been enacted. 
  
 ARTICLE VI

 THE TRUSTEE 
  

	 	SECTION 601.	Certain Duties and Responsibilities. 

  
 The duties and responsibilities of the Trustee shall be as provided by the Trust Indenture Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no provision of this
Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds
for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the
liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section. 
  

	 	SECTION 602.	Notice of Defaults. 

  
 If a default occurs hereunder with respect to Securities of any series, the Trustee shall give the Holders of Securities of such series notice of such
default as and to the extent provided by the Trust Indenture Act; provided, however, that in the case of any default of the character specified in Section 501(4) with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders
shall be given until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this Section, the term “default” means any event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to
Securities of such series. 
  

	 	SECTION 603.	Certain Rights of Trustee. 

  
 Subject to the provisions of Section 601: 
  
 (1) the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or
parties; 
  
 (2) any request or direction of the
Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order, and any resolution of the Board of Directors shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution; 
  

 39 








 (3) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable
that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers’
Certificate; 
  
 (4) the Trustee may consult with
counsel of its selection and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance
thereon; 
  
 (5) the Trustee shall be under no
obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity reasonably
satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction; 
  
 (6) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such
facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney; 
  
 (7) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers
hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder;

  
 (8) the Trustee shall not be liable for any
action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and reasonably believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture; 
  
 (9) the Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any
default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and
such notice references the Securities and this Indenture; and 
  
 (10) the rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including its rights to be indemnified, are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities
hereunder. 
  

	 	SECTION 604.	Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities. 

  
 The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee’s certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the
Company, and the Trustee does not assume 

  

 40 








 
any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities. The
Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof. 
  

	 	SECTION 605.	May Hold Securities. 

  
 The Trustee, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or
pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 608 and 613, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or such other agent. 
  

	 	SECTION 606.	Money Held in Trust. 

  
 Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no
liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed in writing with the Company. 
  

	 	SECTION 607.	Compensation and Reimbursement. 

  
 The Company agrees 
  
 (1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation as shall be agreed in writing between the parties for all services rendered
by it hereunder (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust); 
  
 (2) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements
and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as
may be attributable to its negligence or bad faith; and 
  
 (3) to indemnify each of the Trustee or any predecessor Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against, any and all losses, liabilities, damages, claims or expenses including taxes (other than taxes imposed on the
income of the Trustee) incurred without negligence or bad faith on its part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any
claim (whether asserted by the Company, a Holder or any other Person) or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder. 
  
 When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 501(5)
or Section 501(6), the expenses (including the reasonable charges and expenses of its counsel) and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy,
insolvency or other similar law. 
  

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 The provisions of this Section shall survive the termination of this Indenture. 
  

	 	SECTION 608.	Conflicting Interests. 

  
 If the Trustee has or shall acquire a conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall either eliminate such interest
or resign, to the extent and in the manner provided by, and subject to the provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture. To the extent permitted by the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have a conflicting interest
by virtue of being a trustee under this Indenture with respect to Securities of more than one series. 
  

	 	SECTION 609.	Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility. 

  
 There shall at all times be one (and only one) Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of each series, which may be Trustee hereunder for
Securities of one or more other series. Each Trustee shall be a Person that is eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such, has a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 and has its Corporate Trust Office in the Borough
of Manhattan, The City of New York. If any such Person publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of its supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section and to the extent
permitted by the Trust Indenture Act, the combined capital and surplus of such Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee with respect to
the Securities of any series shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article. 
  

	 	SECTION 610.	Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor. 

  
 No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of
appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 611. 
  
 The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the instrument
of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 611 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 60 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition, at the expense of the Company, any
court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series. 
  
 The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 611 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of a
notice of removal pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee being removed may petition, at the expense of the Company, any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

  

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 If at any time: 
  

(1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 608 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been
a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months, or 
  
 (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 609 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Holder, or 
  
 (3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be
adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or
liquidation, 
  
 then, in any such case, (A) the Company by a Board
Resolution may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (B) subject to Section 514, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated,
petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees. 
  
 If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee
for any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such
successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable
requirements of Section 611. If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a
majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance with the
applicable requirements of Section 611, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner required by Section 611, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months
may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series. 
  
 The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the
Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series to all Holders of Securities of such series in the manner provided in Section 106. Each notice shall
include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office. 
  

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	 	SECTION 611.	Acceptance of Appointment by Successor. 

  
 In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute,
acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act,
deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and
deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee
hereunder. 
  
 In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto
wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and
duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such
provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall
continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it
being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or
trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each such
successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such
successor Trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect
to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates. 
  
 Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to
such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in the first or second preceding paragraph, as the case may be. 
  
 No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this
Article. 
  

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	 	SECTION 612.	Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business. 

  
 Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such corporation
shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the
Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself
authenticated such Securities. 
  

	 	SECTION 613.	Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company. 

  
 If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the
provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against the Company (or any such other obligor). 
  
 ARTICLE VII 
 HOLDERS’ LISTS AND
REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY 
  

	 	SECTION 701.	Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders. 

  
 The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee 
  

(1) semi-annually, not later than May 15 and November 15 in each year, a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably
require, of the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities of each series as of the immediately preceding May 1 or November 1, as the case may be, and 
  
 (2) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the
Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; 
  
 excluding from any such list names and addresses received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar. 
  

	 	SECTION 702.	Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders. 

  
 The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, the names and addresses of Holders contained in the most recent list
furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 701 and the names and addresses of Holders received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 701 upon
receipt of a new list so furnished. 
  

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 The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture
or under the Securities, and the corresponding rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided by the Trust Indenture Act. 
  
 Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any
agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of any disclosure of information as to names and addresses of Holders made pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act. 
  

	 	SECTION 703.	Reports by Trustee. 

  
 The Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the Trustee and its actions under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to the Trust
Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto. 
  
 Reports so required to be transmitted at stated intervals of not more than 12 months shall be transmitted no later than July 1 and shall be dated as of May 1 in each calendar year, commencing in
[            ]. 
  
 A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which any Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company. The
Company will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any stock exchange and of any delisting thereof. 
  

	 	SECTION 704.	Reports by Company. 

  
 The Company shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, and transmit to Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries
thereof, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant to such Act; provided that any such information, documents or reports required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be filed with the Trustee within 15 days after the same is so required to be filed with the Commission. 
  
 ARTICLE VIII 
 CONSOLIDATION, MERGER,
CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE 
  

	 	SECTION 801.	Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms. 

  
 The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other Person or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all its properties and assets to
any Person, and the Company shall not permit any Person to consolidate with or merge into the Company, unless: 
  
 (1) in case the Company shall consolidate with or merge into another Person or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all its
properties and assets to any Person, the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, all or substantially all the properties and assets of the
Company shall be a corporation, partnership or trust, shall be organized and validly existing under the laws of any domestic or foreign jurisdiction 

  

 46 








 
and shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and
punctual payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on all the Securities and the performance or observance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed and, for each Security that by its
terms provides for conversion, shall have provided for the right to convert such Security in accordance with its terms; 
  
 (2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction and treating any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Company or any
Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having been incurred by the Company or such Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an Event of Default,
shall have happened and be continuing; 
  
 (3)
if, as a result of any such consolidation or merger or such conveyance, transfer or lease, properties or assets of the Company would become subject to a pledge, lien or other similar encumbrance which would not be permitted by this Indenture, the
Company or such successor Person, as the case may be, shall take such steps as shall be necessary effectively to secure the Securities equally and ratably with (or prior to) all indebtedness secured thereby; and 
  
 (4) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an
Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply
with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with. 
  

	 	SECTION 802.	Successor Substituted. 

  
 Upon any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the Company into, any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of all or substantially
all the properties and assets of the Company in accordance with Section 801, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and be
substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein, and thereafter, except in the case of a lease, the predecessor Person
shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities. 
  
 ARTICLE IX 
 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES 
  

	 	SECTION 901.	Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders. 

  
 Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into
one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes: 
  
 (1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company
herein and in the Securities; or 
  

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 (2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any
series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or power herein
conferred upon the Company; or 
  
 (3) to add any
additional Events of Default for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such additional Events of Default are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such additional Events of Default
are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series); or 
  
 (4) to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal,
and with or without interest coupons, or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in uncertificated form; or 
  
 (5) to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture in respect of one or more series of Securities, provided that
any such addition, change or elimination (A) shall neither (i) apply to any Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision nor (ii) modify the rights
of the Holder of any such Security with respect to such provision or (B) shall become effective only when there is no such Security Outstanding; or 
  
 (6) to secure the Securities pursuant to the requirements of Section 801(3) or Section 1005 or otherwise; or 
  
 (7) to establish the form or terms of Securities of any
series as permitted by Sections 201 and 301; or 
  
 (8) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to
provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 611; or 
  
 (9) to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture with respect to any Securities that by their terms may be converted into
securities or other property other than Securities of the same series and of like tenor, in order to permit or facilitate the issuance, payment or conversion of such Securities; or 
  
 (10) to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision herein which may be defective or
inconsistent with any other provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture, 

  

 48 








 
provided that such action pursuant to this Clause (10) shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series in any
material respect. 
  

	 	SECTION 902.	Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders. 

  
 With the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of all series affected by such supplemental indenture,
considered together as one class for this purpose (plus, if and as the terms applicable to any such affected series pursuant to Section 301 so provide, the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of such affected series or of any other Persons acting on behalf of such Holders), by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into an indenture or
indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series under
this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby, 
  
 (1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment of principal of or interest on, any
Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any premium payable upon the redemption thereof, or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security or any other Security which would be
due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502, or permit the Company to redeem any Security if, absent such supplemental indenture, the Company would not be permitted to do so, or change any
Place of Payment where, or the coin or currency in which, any Security or any premium or interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the
case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date), or 
  
 (2) if any Security provides that the Holder may require the Company to repurchase or convert such Security, impair such Holder’s right to require repurchase or conversion of such Security on the terms provided
therein, or 
  
 (3) reduce the percentage in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any one or more series (considered separately or together as one class, as applicable), the consent of whose Holders is required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders
is required for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or 
  
 (4) modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 513 or Section 1005, except to increase
any such percentage or to provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby; provided, however, that this clause shall not be
deemed to require the consent of any Holder with respect to changes in the references to 

  

 49 








 
“the Trustee” and concomitant changes in this Section and Section 1006, or the deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements
of Sections 611 and 901(8). 
  
 A supplemental indenture which
changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series
with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series. 
  
 It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed
supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof. A consent to any indenture supplemental hereto by or on behalf of any Holder of the Securities given in connection with a purchase of, or tender or
exchange offer for, such Holder’s Securities will not be rendered invalid by such purchase, tender or exchange. 
  

	 	SECTION 903.	Execution of Supplemental Indentures. 

  
 In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the
trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or
permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. 
  

	 	SECTION 904.	Effect of Supplemental Indentures. 

  
 Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental
indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby. 
  

	 	SECTION 905.	Conformity with Trust Indenture Act. 

  
 Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act. 
  

	 	SECTION 906.	Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures. 

  
 Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required
by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee
and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series. 
  

 50 









	 	SECTION 907.	Subordination Unimpaired. 

  
 No supplemental indenture shall adversely affect the interests of any holder of Senior Debt then outstanding under Article XIV in any material respect
unless each holder of Senior Debt so affected (or the group or representative thereof authorized or required to consent thereto pursuant to the instrument creating or evidencing, or pursuant to which there is outstanding, such Senior Debt) consents
to such supplemental indenture in writing. 
  
 ARTICLE X

 COVENANTS 
  

	 	SECTION 1001.	Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest. 

  
 The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and any premium and
interest on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of the Securities and this Indenture. 
  

	 	SECTION 1002.	Maintenance of Office or Agency. 

  
 The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented or
surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, where Securities may be surrendered for conversion and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the
Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any
such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the
Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands. 
  
 The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time
rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such
purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency. 
  
 With respect to any Global Security, and except as otherwise may be specified for such Global Security as contemplated by
Section 301, the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee shall be the Place of Payment where such Global Security may be presented or surrendered for payment or for registration of transfer or exchange, or where successor Securities may be
delivered in exchange therefor, provided, however, that any such payment, presentation, surrender or delivery effected pursuant to the Applicable Procedures of the Depositary for such Global Security shall be deemed to have been effected at
the Place of Payment for such Global Security in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture. 
  

 51 









	 	SECTION 1003.	Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust. 

  
 If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the
principal of or any premium or interest on any of the Securities of that series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal and any premium and interest so becoming due until
such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act. 
  
 Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of or any premium
or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit (or, if the Company has deposited any trust funds with a trustee pursuant to Section 1304(1), cause such trustee to deposit) with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay such amount, such sum
to be held as provided by the Trust Indenture Act, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act. 
  
 The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the
Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent will (1) comply with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act applicable to it as a Paying Agent
and (2) during the continuance of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities of that series) in the making of any payment in respect of the Securities of that series, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith
pay to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such Paying Agent for payment in respect of the Securities of that series. 
  
 The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company
Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent;
and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money. 
  
 Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of or any premium or
interest on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged
from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all
liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may, at the expense of the Company, cause to be published once, in
a newspaper published in the English language, customarily published on each Business Day and of general circulation in The City of New York, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not 

  

 52 








 
be less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company. 
  

	 	SECTION 1004.	Statement by Officers as to Default. 

  
 The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date hereof, an Officers’
Certificate, stating whether or not to the best knowledge of the signers thereof the Company is in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Indenture (without regard to any period of grace or
requirement of notice provided hereunder) and, if the Company shall be in default, specifying all such defaults and the nature and status thereof of which they may have knowledge. 
  

	 	SECTION 1005.	Waiver of Certain Covenants. 

  
 Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of a specific series, the Company may, with respect to the Securities of
any one or more series, omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth in any covenant provided pursuant to Section 301(18), 901(2) or 901(6) for the benefit of the Holders of such series or in Article
VIII if, before the time for such compliance, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of all series affected by such waiver, considered together as one class for this purpose (plus, if and as the terms applicable
to any such affected series pursuant to Section 301 so provide, the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such affected series or of any other Persons acting on behalf of such Holders) shall,
by Act of such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or generally waive compliance with such term, provision or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent so
expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect. A waiver of compliance given by
or on behalf of any Holder of the Securities in connection with a purchase of, or tender or exchange offer for, such Holder’s Securities will not be rendered invalid by such purchase, tender or exchange. 
  
 ARTICLE XI 
 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES 
  

	 	SECTION 1101.	Applicability of Article. 

  
 Securities of any series which are redeemable before their Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301 for such Securities) in accordance with this Article. 
  

	 	SECTION 1102.	Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee. 

  
 The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in another manner specified as
contemplated by Section 301 for such Securities. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of less than all the Securities of any series (including any such redemption affecting only a single Security), the 

  

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Company shall, at least 60 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the
Trustee of such Redemption Date, of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and, if applicable, of the tenor of the Securities to be redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any
restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers’ Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction. 
  

	 	SECTION 1103.	Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed. 

  
 If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed (unless all the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed or
unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series not previously
called for redemption, by such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of a portion of the principal amount of any Security of such series, provided that the unredeemed portion of
the principal amount of any Security shall be in an authorized denomination (which shall not be less than the minimum authorized denomination) for such Security. If less than all the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be
redeemed (unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series and
specified tenor not previously called for redemption in accordance with the preceding sentence. 
  
 If any Security selected for partial redemption is converted in part before termination of the conversion right with respect to the portion of the
Security so selected, the converted portion of such Security shall be deemed (so far as may be) to be the portion selected for redemption. Securities which have been converted during a selection of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated by the
Trustee as Outstanding for the purpose of such selection. 
  
 The
Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and each Security Registrar in writing of the Securities selected for redemption as aforesaid and, in case of any Securities selected for partial redemption as aforesaid, the principal amount thereof to be
redeemed. 
  
 The provisions of the two preceding paragraphs shall
not apply with respect to any redemption affecting only a single Security, whether such Security is to be redeemed in whole or in part. In the case of any such redemption in part, the unredeemed portion of the principal amount of the Security shall
be in an authorized denomination (which shall not be less than the minimum authorized denomination) for such Security. 
  
 For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the
case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed. 
  

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	 	SECTION 1104.	Notice of Redemption. 

  
 Notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided in Section 106 not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date,
to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at his address appearing in the Security Register. 
  
 All notices of redemption shall identify the Securities to be redeemed (including CUSIP numbers, if any) and shall state: 
  
 (1) the Redemption Date, 
  
 (2) the Redemption Price, 
  
 (3) if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any
series consisting of more than a single Security are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption of any such Securities, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be redeemed and, if less than all the
Outstanding Securities of any series consisting of a single Security are to be redeemed, the principal amount of the particular Security to be redeemed, 
  
 (4) that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will become due and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and, if
applicable, that interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date, 
  
 (5) the place or places where each such Security is to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price, 
  
 (6) for any Securities that by their terms may be converted,
the terms of conversion, the date on which the right to convert the Security to be redeemed will terminate and the place or places where such Securities may be surrendered for conversion, and 
  
 (7) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is
the case. 
  
 Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at
the election of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company’s request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company and shall be irrevocable. 
  

	 	SECTION 1105.	Deposit of Redemption Price. 

  
 Prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent,
segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 1003) an amount of money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the Securities which are to be
redeemed on that date, other than any Securities called for redemption on that date which have been converted prior to the date of such deposit. 
  

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 If any Security called for redemption is converted, any money deposited with the Trustee or with any
Paying Agent or so segregated and held in trust for the redemption of such Security shall (subject to any right of the Holder of such Security or any Predecessor Security to receive interest as provided in the last paragraph of Section 307 or
in the terms of such Security) be paid to the Company upon Company Request or, if then held by the Company, shall be discharged from such trust. 
  

	 	SECTION 1106.	Securities Payable on Redemption Date. 

  
 Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the
Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest) such Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any such Security for
redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by
Section 301, installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the
relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 307. 
  
 If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium shall, until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor
in the Security. 
  

	 	SECTION 1107.	Securities Redeemed in Part. 

  
 Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires,
due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series and of like tenor, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal amount equal to and
in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered. 
  
 ARTICLE XII 
 SINKING FUNDS 
  

	 	SECTION 1201.	Applicability of Article. 

  
 The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of any series except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301 for such Securities. 
  
 The
minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of any Securities is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment,” and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of such
Securities is herein referred 

  

 56 








 
to as an “optional sinking fund payment.” If provided for by the terms of any Securities, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be
subject to reduction as provided in Section 1202. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities as provided for by the terms of such Securities. 
  

	 	SECTION 1202.	Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities. 

  
 The Company (1) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other than any previously called for redemption) and (2) may apply as a credit
Securities of a series which have been converted in accordance with their terms or which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund
payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to any Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as and to the
extent provided for by the terms of such Securities; provided that the Securities to be so credited have not been previously so credited. The Securities to be so credited shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the
Redemption Price, as specified in the Securities so to be redeemed (or at such other prices as may be specified for such Securities as contemplated in Section 301), for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such
sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. 
  

	 	SECTION 1203.	Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund. 

  
 Not less than 90 days (or such shorter period as shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Securities, the
Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for such Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by
payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities pursuant to Section 1202 and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 60 days prior to
each such sinking fund payment date, the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 1103 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at
the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 1104. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 1106 and 1107. 
  
 ARTICLE XIII 
 DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE 
  

	 	SECTION 1301.	Company’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. 

  
 The Company may elect, at its option at any time, to have Section 1302 or Section 1303 applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as
the case may be, designated pursuant to Section 301(15) as being defeasible pursuant to such Section 1302 or 1303, in accordance with any applicable requirements provided pursuant to Section 301 and upon compliance with the 

  

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conditions set forth below in this Article. Any such election shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated by
Section 301 for such Securities. 
  

	 	SECTION 1302.	Defeasance and Discharge. 

  
 Upon the Company’s exercise of its option (if any) to have this Section applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be,
the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations, and the provisions of Article XIV shall cease to be effective, with respect to such Securities as provided in this Section on and after the date the conditions set forth in
Section 1304(1) are satisfied (hereinafter called “Defeasance”). For this purpose, such Defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by such Securities
and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such 
  
 Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), subject to the following which shall survive until otherwise
terminated or discharged hereunder: (1) the rights of Holders of such Securities to receive, solely from the trust fund described in Section 1304 and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of and any
premium and interest on such Securities when payments are due, (2) the Company’s obligations with respect to such Securities under Sections 304, 305, 306, 1002 and 1003, (3) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the
Trustee hereunder and (4) this Article. Subject to compliance with this Article, the Company may exercise its option (if any) to have this Section applied to any Securities notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option (if any) to have
Section 1303 applied to such Securities. 
  

	 	SECTION 1303.	Covenant Defeasance. 

  
 Upon the Company’s exercise of its option (if any) to have this Section applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be,
(1) the Company shall be released from its obligations under Section 801(3) and any covenants provided pursuant to Section 301(18), 901(2) or 901(7) for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, (2) the occurrence of any
event specified in Sections 501(4) (with respect to Section 801(3), and any such covenants provided pursuant to Section 301(18), 901(2) or 901(7)) and 501(7) shall be deemed not to be or result in an Event of Default and (3) the
provisions of Article XIV shall cease to be effective, in each case with respect to such Securities as provided in this Section on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 1304 are satisfied (hereinafter called
“Covenant Defeasance”). For this purpose, such Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to such Securities, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation
set forth in any such specified Section (to the extent so specified in the case of Section 501(4)) or Article XIV, whether directly or indirectly by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or Article or by reason of any
reference in any such Section or Article to any other provision herein or in any other document, but the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby. 
  

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	 	SECTION 1304.	Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. 

  
 The following shall be the conditions to the application of Section 1302 or Section 1303 to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the
case may be: 
  
 (1) The Company shall
irrevocably have deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee which satisfies the requirements contemplated by Section 609 and agrees to comply with the provisions of this Article applicable to it) as trust funds in
trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefits of the Holders of such Securities, (A) money in an amount, or (B) U.S. Government Obligations which through
the scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment, money in an amount, or (C) such other obligations or arrangements as may
be specified as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to such Securities, or (D) a combination thereof, in each case sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written
certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the Trustee (or any such other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, the principal of and any premium and interest on such Securities on the
respective Stated Maturities, in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and such Securities. As used herein, “U.S. Government Obligation” means (x) any security which is (i) a direct obligation of the United
States of America for the payment of which the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged or (ii) an obligation of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of
America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America, which, in either case (i) or (ii), is not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and
(y) any depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a) (2) of the Securities Act) as custodian with respect to any U.S. Government Obligation which is specified in Clause (x) above and held by such bank for the
account of the holder of such depositary receipt, or with respect to any specific payment of principal of or interest on any U.S. Government Obligation which is so specified and held, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not
authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation or the specific payment of principal or interest evidenced by
such depositary receipt. 
  
 (2) In the event of
an election to have Section 1302 apply to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that (A) the Company has received from, or there has
been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (B) since the date of this instrument, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case (A) or (B) to the effect that, and based thereon such
opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit, Defeasance and discharge to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be subject to
Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same 

  

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manner and at the same times as would be the case if such deposit, Defeasance and discharge were not to occur. 
  
 (3) In the event of an election to have Section 1303
apply to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or loss for Federal income tax
purposes as a result of the deposit and Covenant Defeasance to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at the same times as would be the case if such deposit
and Covenant Defeasance were not to occur. 
  
 (4) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate to the effect that neither such Securities nor any other Securities of the same series, if then listed on any securities exchange, will be delisted as a
result of such deposit. 
  
 (5) No event which
is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to such Securities or any other Securities (other than such an event or Event of Default solely with respect to such Securities resulting from the borrowing
of funds to be applied to such deposit) shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of such deposit. 
  
 (6) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other
agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound. 
  
 (7) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company
with the intent of preferring the Holders of such Securities over the other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding creditors of the Company. 
  
 (8) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent with respect to such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance have been complied with. 
  

	 	SECTION 1305.	Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust; Miscellaneous Provisions. 

  
 Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all money and U.S. Government Obligations (including
the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee or other qualifying trustee (solely for purposes of this Section and Section 1306, the Trustee and any such other trustee are referred to collectively as the “Trustee”)
pursuant to Section 1304 in respect of any Securities shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any such Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities, of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal and any premium and interest, but money so held in trust need
not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. Money and U.S. Government Obligations (including 

  

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the proceeds thereof) so held in trust shall not be subject to the provisions of Article XIV, provided that the applicable conditions of the
Section 1304 have been satisfied. 
  
 The Company shall pay
and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 1304 or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax,
fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of Outstanding Securities. 
  
 Anything in this Article to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any money or U.S. Government Obligations held by it as provided in
Section 1304 with respect to any Securities which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which
would then be required to be deposited to effect the Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance, as the case may be, with respect to such Securities. 
  

	 	SECTION 1306.	Reinstatement. 

  
 If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money in accordance with this Article with respect to any Securities by reason of any order or
judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the obligations under this Indenture and such Securities from which the Company has been discharged or released pursuant to
Section 1302 or 1303 shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this Article with respect to such Securities, until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all money held in trust
pursuant to Section 1305 with respect to such Securities in accordance with this Article; provided, however, that if the Company makes any payment of principal of or any premium or interest on any such Security following such
reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights (if any) of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money so held in trust. 
  
 ARTICLE XIV 
 SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES 
  

	 	SECTION 1401.	Securities Subordinate to Senior Debt. 

  
 The Company covenants and agrees, and each Holder of a Security, by his acceptance thereof, likewise covenants and agrees, that, to the extent and in the
manner hereinafter set forth in this Article, the indebtedness represented by the Securities and the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on each and all of the Securities are hereby expressly made subordinate and subject
in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all Senior Debt. 
  
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a deposit referred to in Section 1304(1) is made pursuant to Section 1302 or Section 1303 with respect to any Securities (and provided all other conditions set out in Section 1302 or
1303, as applicable, shall have been satisfied with respect to such Securities), then no money or U.S. Government Obligations so deposited, and no proceeds thereon, will be subject to any rights of holders of Senior Debt, including any such rights
arising under this Article XIV. 
  

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	 	SECTION 1402.	Payment Over of Proceeds Upon Dissolution, Etc. 

  
 In the event of (a) any insolvency or bankruptcy case or proceeding, or any receivership, liquidation, reorganization or other similar case or
proceeding in connection therewith, relative to the Company or to its creditors, as such, or to its assets, or (b) any liquidation, dissolution or other winding up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary and whether or not involving
insolvency or bankruptcy, or (c) any assignment for the benefit of creditors or any other marshalling of assets and liabilities of the Company, then and in any such event the holders of Senior Debt shall be entitled to receive payment in full
of all amounts due or to become due on or in respect of all Senior Debt (including any interest accruing thereon after the commencement of any such case or proceeding), or provision shall be made for such payment in cash or cash equivalents or
otherwise in a manner satisfactory to the holders of Senior Debt, before the Holders of the Securities are entitled to receive any payment on account of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on the Securities, and to that end the holders of
Senior Debt shall be entitled to receive, for application to the payment thereof, any payment or distribution of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, including any such payment or distribution which may be payable or
deliverable by reason of the payment of any other indebtedness of the Company being subordinated to the payment of the Securities, which may be payable or deliverable in respect of the Securities in any such case, proceeding, dissolution,
liquidation or other winding up event. 
  
 In the event that,
notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section, the Trustee or the Holder of any Security shall have received any payment or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, including
any such payment or distribution which may be payable or deliverable by reason of the payment of any other indebtedness of the Company being subordinated to the payment of the Securities, before all Senior Debt is paid in full or payment thereof
provided for, and if such fact shall, at or prior to the time of such payment or distribution, have been made known to the Trustee or, as the case may be, such Holder, then and in such event such payment or distribution shall be paid over or
delivered forthwith to the trustee in bankruptcy, receiver, liquidating trustee, custodian, assignee, agent or other Person making payment or distribution of assets of the Company for application to the payment of all Senior Debt remaining unpaid,
to the extent necessary to pay all Senior Debt in full, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or for the holders of Senior Debt. Any taxes that have been withheld or deducted from any payment or distribution in respect of
the Securities, or any taxes that ought to have been withheld or deducted from any such payment or distribution that have been remitted to the relevant taxing authority, shall not be considered to be an amount that the Trustee or the Holder of any
Security receives for purposes of this Section. 
  
 For purposes
of this Article only, the words “cash, property or securities” shall not be deemed to include shares of stock of the Company as reorganized or readjusted, or securities of the Company or any other corporation or other entity, provided for
by a plan of reorganization or readjustment which are subordinated in right of payment to all Senior Debt which may at the time be outstanding to substantially the same extent as, or to a greater extent than, the Securities are so subordinated as
provided in this Article. The consolidation of the Company with, or the merger of the Company into, or the conveyance, transfer or lease by the Company of all or substantially all its properties and assets to, another Person upon the terms and
conditions set 

  

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forth in Article VIII, or the liquidation or dissolution of the Company following any such conveyance or transfer, shall not be deemed a dissolution, winding
up, liquidation, reorganization, assignment for the benefit of creditors or marshalling of assets and liabilities of the Company for the purposes of this Section if the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the
Person which acquires by conveyance, transfer or lease all or substantially all of such properties and assets, as the case may be, shall, as a part of such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease, comply with the conditions set forth in
Article VIII. 
  

	 	SECTION 1403.	Prior Payment to Senior Debt Upon Acceleration of Securities. 

  
 In the event that any Securities are declared due and payable before their Stated Maturity, then and in such event the holders of Senior Debt shall be
entitled to receive payment in full of all amounts due or to become due on or in respect of all Senior Debt or provision shall be made for such payment in cash, before the Holders of the Securities are entitled to receive any payment (including any
payment which may be payable by reason of the payment of any other indebtedness of the Company being subordinated to the payment of the Securities) by the Company on account of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on the Securities or
on account of the purchase or other acquisition of Securities; provided, however, that nothing in this Section shall prevent the satisfaction of any sinking fund payment in accordance with Article XII by delivering and crediting pursuant to
Section 1202 Securities which have been acquired (upon redemption or otherwise) prior to such declaration of acceleration. 
  
 In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall make any payment to the Trustee or the Holder of any Security prohibited by the
foregoing provisions of this Section, and if such fact shall, at or prior to the time of such payment, have been made known to the Trustee or, as the case may be, such Holder, then and in such event such payment shall be paid over and delivered
forthwith to the Company. 
  

	 	SECTION 1404.	No Payment When Senior Debt in Default. 

  
 Subject to the last paragraph of this Section, (a) (i) in the event and during the continuation of any default in the payment of principal of
(or premium, if any) or interest on any Senior Debt beyond any applicable grace period with respect thereto, or (ii) in the event that any event of default with respect to any Senior Debt shall have occurred and be continuing permitting the
holders of such Senior Debt (or a trustee on behalf of the holders thereof) to declare such Senior Debt due and payable prior to the date on which it would otherwise have become due and payable, whether or not such Senior Debt has been so
accelerated (provided that, in the case of Clause (i) or Clause (ii), if such default in payment or event of default shall have been cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist and any such declaration of acceleration shall have been
rescinded or annulled, then such default in payment or event of default, as the case may be, shall be deemed not to have occurred for the purposes of this Section), or (b) in the event that any judicial proceeding shall be pending with respect
to any such default in payment or event of default that shall be deemed to have occurred for the purpose of this Section, then no payment (including any payment which may be payable by reason of the payment of any other indebtedness of the Company
being subordinated to the payment of the Securities) shall be made 

  

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by the Company on account of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on the Securities or on account of the purchase or other acquisition of
Securities; provided, however, that nothing in this Section shall prevent the satisfaction of any sinking fund payment in accordance with Article XII by delivering and crediting pursuant to Section 1202 Securities which have been
acquired (upon redemption or otherwise) prior to such default in payment. 
  
 In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall make any payment to the Trustee or the Holder of any Security prohibited by the provisions of this Section, and if such fact shall, at or prior to
the time of such payment, have been made known to the Trustee or, as the case may be, such Holder, then and in such event such payment shall be paid over and delivered forthwith to the Company. 
  
 No default in payment or event of default with respect to any Senior Debt
shall be deemed to be a default in payment or event of default of the kind specified in Clause (a) (i) or (a) (ii) of this Section, and no judicial proceeding with respect to any such default in payment or event of default shall
be deemed to be a judicial proceeding of the kind specified in Clause (b) of this Section, if (x) the Company shall be disputing the occurrence or continuation of such default in payment or event of default, or any obligation purportedly
giving rise to such default in payment or event of default, and (y) no final judgment holding that such default in payment or event of default has occurred and is continuing shall have been issued. For this purpose, a “final judgment”
means a judgment that is issued by a court having jurisdiction over the Company or its property, is binding on the Company or its property, is in full force and effect and is not subject to judicial appeal or review (including because the time
within which a party may seek appeal or review has expired), provided that, if any such judgment has been issued but is subject to judicial appeal or review, it shall nevertheless be deemed to be a final judgment unless the Company shall in good
faith be prosecuting such appeal or a proceeding for such review and shall have obtained a stay of execution pending such appeal or review. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this paragraph shall not apply to any default in payment or event of default
with respect to any Senior Debt as to which the Company has waived the application of this paragraph in the instrument evidencing such Senior Debt or by which such Senior Debt is created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed by the Company. 

 

	 	SECTION 1405.	Payment Permitted in Certain Situations. 

  
 Nothing contained in this Article or elsewhere in this Indenture or in any of the Securities shall prevent (a) the Company, at any time except during
the pendency of any case, proceeding, dissolution, liquidation or other winding up, assignment for the benefit of creditors or other marshalling of assets and liabilities of the Company referred to in Section 1402 or under the conditions
described in Section 1403 or 1404, from making payments at any time of or on account of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities, or on account of the purchase or other acquisition of Securities, or (b) the
application by the Trustee of any money deposited with it hereunder to the payment of or on account of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities or the retention of such payment by the Holders, if, at the time of such
application by the Trustee, it did not have knowledge that such payment would have been prohibited by the provisions of this Article. 
  

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	 	SECTION 1406.	Subrogation to Rights of Holders of Senior Debt. 

  
 Subject to the payment in full of all Senior Debt or the provision for such payment in cash or cash equivalents or otherwise in a manner satisfactory to
the holders of Senior Debt, the Holders of the Securities shall be subrogated to the extent of the payments or distributions made to the holders of such Senior Debt pursuant to the provisions of this Article (equally and ratably with the holders of
indebtedness of the Company which by its express terms is subordinated to indebtedness of the Company to substantially the same extent as the Securities are subordinated to the Senior Debt and is entitled to like rights of subrogation) to the rights
of the holders of such Senior Debt to receive payments and distributions of cash, property and securities applicable to the Senior Debt until the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities shall be paid in full. For purposes
of such subrogation, no payments or distributions to the holders of the Senior Debt of any cash, property or securities to which the Holders of the Securities or the Trustee would be entitled except for the provisions of this Article, and no
payments over pursuant to the provisions of this Article to the holders of Senior Debt by Holders of the Securities or the Trustee, shall, as among the Company, its creditors other than holders of Senior Debt and the Holders of the Securities, be
deemed to be a payment or distribution by the Company to or on account of the Senior Debt. 
  

	 	SECTION 1407.	Provisions Solely to Define Relative Rights. 

  
 The provisions of this Article are and are intended solely for the purpose of defining the relative rights of the Holders of the Securities on the one
hand and the holders of Senior Debt on the other hand. Nothing contained in this Article or elsewhere in this Indenture or in the Securities is intended to or shall (a) impair, as among the Company, its creditors other than holders of Senior
Debt and the Holders of the Securities, the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional (and which, subject to the rights under this Article of the holders of Senior Debt, is intended to rank equally with all other general
obligations of the Company), to pay to the Holders of the Securities the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities as and when the same shall become due and payable in accordance with their terms; or (b) affect the
relative rights against the Company of the Holders of the Securities and creditors of the Company other than the holders of Senior Debt; or (c) prevent the Trustee or the Holder of any Security from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted
by applicable law upon default under this Indenture, subject to the rights, if any, under this Article of the holders of Senior Debt to receive cash, property and securities otherwise payable or deliverable to the Trustee or such Holder. 

 

	 	SECTION 1408.	Trustee to Effectuate Subordination. 

  
 Each Holder of a Security by his acceptance thereof authorizes and directs the Trustee on his behalf to take such action as may be necessary or
appropriate to effectuate the subordination provided in this Article and appoints the Trustee his attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes. 
  

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	 	SECTION 1409.	No Waiver of Subordination Provisions. 

  
 No right of any present or future holder of any Senior Debt to enforce subordination as herein provided shall at any time in any way be prejudiced or
impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company or by any act or failure to act, in good faith, by any such holder, or by any non-compliance by the Company with the terms, provisions and covenants of this Indenture, regardless of
any knowledge thereof any such holder may have or be otherwise charged with. 
  
 Without in any way limiting the generality of the foregoing paragraph, the holders of Senior Debt may, at any time and from time to time, without the consent of or notice to the Trustee or the Holders of the
Securities, without incurring responsibility to the Holders of the Securities and without impairing or releasing the subordination provided in this Article or the obligations hereunder of the Holders of the Securities to the holders of Senior Debt
do any one or more of the following: (i) change the manner, place or terms of payment or extend the time of payment of, or renew or alter, Senior Debt or otherwise amend or supplement in any manner Senior Debt or any instrument evidencing the
same or any agreement under which Senior Debt is outstanding; (ii) sell, exchange, release or otherwise deal with any property pledged, mortgaged or otherwise securing Senior Debt; (iii) release any Person liable in any manner for the
collection of Senior Debt; and (iv) exercise or refrain from exercising any rights against the Company and any other Person. 
  

	 	SECTION 1410.	Notice to Trustee. 

  
 The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any fact known to the Company which would prohibit the making of any payment to or by the
Trustee in respect of the Securities. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article or any other provision of this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of the existence of any facts which would prohibit the making of any
payment to or by the Trustee in respect of the Securities, unless and until the Trustee shall have received written notice thereof from the Company or a holder of Senior Debt or from any trustee therefor; and, prior to the receipt of any such
written notice, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 601, shall be entitled in all respects to assume that no such facts exist. 
  
 Subject to the provisions of Section 601, the Trustee shall be entitled to rely on the delivery to it of a written notice by a Person representing
himself to be a holder of Senior Debt (or a trustee therefor) to establish that such notice has been given by a holder of Senior Debt (or a trustee therefor). In the event that the Trustee determines in good faith that further evidence is required
with respect to the right of any Person as a holder of Senior Debt to participate in any payment or distribution pursuant to this Article, the Trustee may request such Person to furnish evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to
the amount of Senior Debt held by such Person, the extent to which such Person is entitled to participate in such payment or distribution and any other facts pertinent to the rights of such Person under this Article, and if such evidence is not
furnished, the Trustee may defer any payment to such Person pending judicial determination as to the right of such Person to receive such payment. 
  

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	 	SECTION 1411.	Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating Agent. 

  
 Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to in this Article, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 601, and the
Holders of the Securities shall be entitled to rely upon any order or decree entered by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such insolvency, bankruptcy, receivership, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution, winding up or similar case or
proceeding is pending, or a certificate of the trustee in bankruptcy, receiver, liquidating trustee, custodian, assignee for the benefit of creditors, agent or other Person making such payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or to the
Holders of Securities, for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such payment or distribution, the holders of Senior Debt and other indebtedness of the Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or
amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article. 
  

	 	SECTION 1412.	Trustee Not Fiduciary for Holders of Senior Debt. 

  
 The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior Debt and shall not be liable to any such holders or creditors if it
shall in good faith pay over or distribute to Holders of Securities or to the Company or to any other Person cash, property or securities to which any holders of Senior Debt shall be entitled by virtue of this Article or otherwise. With respect to
the holders of Senior Debt, the Trustee undertakes to perform or to observe only such of its covenants or obligations as are specifically set forth in this Article and no implied covenants or obligations with respect to holders of Senior Debt shall
be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. 
  

	 	SECTION 1413.	Rights of Trustee as Holder of Senior Debt; Preservation of Trustees Rights. 

  
 The Trustee in its individual capacity shall be entitled to all the rights set forth in this Article with respect to’
any Senior Debt which may at any time be held by it, to the same extent as any other holder of Senior Debt and nothing in this Indenture shall deprive the Trustee of any of its rights as such holder. 
  
 Nothing in this Article shall apply to claims of, or payments to, the Trustee
under or pursuant to Section 607. 
  

	 	SECTION 1414.	Article Applicable to Paying Agents. 

  
 In case at any time any Paying Agent other than the Trustee shall have been appointed by the Company and be then acting hereunder, the term
“Trustee” as used in this Article shall in such case (unless the context otherwise requires) be construed as extending to and including such Paying Agent within its meaning as fully for all intents and purposes as if such Paying Agent were
named in this Article in addition to or in place of the Trustee. 
  
 This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. 
  

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 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and
year first above written. 
  

			
	TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED
		
	By:	 	 
	 	 	 


  

			
	 [TRUSTEE]

		
	By: