# U ni te d S ta te s Co ur t of A pp ea ls For the Eig hth Circu it

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__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ Uni te d S ta te s o f Am eri ca

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Pla in ti

ff - App el le e

v.

Ju li an Riv era

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Defe nd

an t - Ap pe ll an t

__ __ __ __ __ __ App eal fro m

Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co ur t fo r th e Weste rn Dis tri ct of Ark an sa s - F ay et te vi ll e

__ __ __ __ __ __ Su bm it te d: Jan ua ry

19 , 20 17 Fi le d: Jan ua ry

23 , 20 17 [Un pu bl is he d]

__ __ __ __ __ __ Befo re GRUENDER, BENTON, and SHEPHERD, Circ ui t J ud ge s.

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PER CURI AM.

Ju li an Gam

bo u Ri ve ra pl ed gu il ty to se xu a l l y ex pl oi ti ng a m in or an d
po ss es si ng ch il d po rn og rap hy. He ap pe al s th e di st ric t co ur t’s se nt en ce, arg u i n g i t 1

Th e Hon or ab le Tim ot hy L. Bro ok s, Uni te d St at es Dis tri ct Ju dg e fo r t h e 1 W es te rn Dis tri ct of Ark an sa s.was su bs ta nt iv e l y u nr eas on ab le

. Hav in g juri sd ic ti on un de r 28 U.S.C. § 12 91 , th is

co ur t af fir m s.

Ri ve ra’s co un se l ha s fil ed a br ie f un de r And er s v. Ca li fo rn ia , 38 6 U.S. 73 8 (1 96 7) , an d ha s m ov ed to wit hd raw. In hi s su pp le m en ta l br ie f, Ri ve ra arg ue s th at hi s pl ea ag reem en t was un fai r be cau s e t h e co nd uc t un de rlyin g a di sm is se d ch arg e was

us ed ag ai ns t hi m at se nt en ci ng ; th e co ur t erre d by im pr op erl y ap pl y i n g U .S.S.G. § 4B1.5(b)(1) an d by fai li ng to co ns id er rel ev an t mi t i g a ti ng fact or s; th e pr os ecu to r de fam ed hi m by st a t i n g a t s e n t en ci ng th at he wou ld no t ch an ge an d ha d a hi gh li ke li ho od of reci di vi sm ; an d de fen se co un se l was in effe ct iv e fo r fai li ng to ob ject to th e se ct io n 4 B1 .5 i nc reas e.

Thi s co ur t fin ds th at Ri v e r a ’s arg um en t th at hi s pl ea ag reem en t was no t kn owi ng ly or vo lu nt ari ly en te red is no t co gn iz ab le on di rect ap pe al

. Se e Uni te d St at es v. Foy , 61 7 F.3 d 10 29 , 10 33 -3 4 (8 th Ci r. 20 10 ) (to ex te nt de fen da nt pr es en te d
arg um en t to es ta bl is h hi s pl ea was un kn owi ng or in vo lu nt ary, su ch cl ai m wou ld no t be co gn iz ab le on di rect ap pe al whe re he fai le d to m ov e in di st ric t co ur t to wit hd raw hi s gu il ty pl ea). The di st ric t co ur t di d n o t e r r in ap pl y in g th e 5- le ve l in crea se

. Se e U.S.S.G. §§ 1B 1.1 , co m

m en t. (n .4B ) (Gu id el in es Ch ap te rs Two, Thre e, an d Fo ur are to be ap pl ie d cu m

ul at iv e l y an d, in so m e cas es , m ay be tri gg ered by s am e co nd uc t), 4B 1.5 (b )(1 ) (o ffen se le ve l sh al l be 5 pl us of fen se le ve l d e t e r mi ne d un de r Ch ap te rs Two an d Thre e); U

ni te d St at es v. Pap

pa s , 71 5 F.3 d 22 5, 22 9 (8 th Ci r. 20 13 ) (d ou bl e-c o u n t i ng is pr oh ib it ed on ly if Gui de li ne s at is su e sp eci fic al ly fo rb id it ); Uni te d St at es v. Ols on , 64 6 F.3 d 56 9, 57 2 (8 th Ci r. 20 11 ) (d is tri ct c o u r t ’s

co ns tru ct io n an d ap pl ic at io n of Gui de li ne s are rev ie wed de no vo ). Ri ve ra’s in effe ct iv e-as si st an ce cl ai m fai ls , a s co un se l ob jecte d to t he se ct io n 4B 1.5 in crea se at se nt en ci ng

. S e e We a ver v. Uni te d St at es , 79 3 F.3 d 85 7, 86 0 (8 th Ci r. 20 15 ) (to

su c c e ed on in effe ct iv e-as si st an ce cl ai m , m ov an t m us t sh ow co un se l pe rfo rm ed de fic ie nt ly an d de fic ie nt pe rfo rm an ce pr ejud ic ed de fen se ); Uni te d Sta te s v. Co ok , 35 6

-2

-F.3 d 91 3, 91 9- 20 (8 th Ci r. 20 04 ) (in effe ct iv e-as si st an ce clai m m ay be ad dr es se d on

di rect ap pe al wher e rec or d i s fu ll y de ve lo pe d)

.

Thi s co ur t al so fin ds th at th e se nt en ce was no t su bs ta nt iv el y un reas on ab le , as t he co ur t im

po se d th e wit hi n- Gui de li ne s se nt en ce aft er co ns id eri ng th e 18 U

. S

. C

. § 35 53 (a) fact or s. Se e Uni te d St at es v. Ca ll aw ay , 76 2 F.3 d 75 4, 76 0 (8 th Ci r. 20 14 ) (o n ap pe al , wit hi n- Gui de li ne s- ran ge se nt en ce m ay be pr es um ed reas on ab le ); Uni te d St at es v. Mil le r , 57 F.3 d 91 0, 91 7 (8 th Ci r. 20 09 ) (u nd er su bs ta nt iv e-re as on ab le ne ss te st , di st ric t co ur t ab us es it s di sc ret io n if it fai ls to co ns id er rel ev an t § 35 53 (a) fact or , g i v e s si gn ifi can t weig ht to im pr op er or irr el ev an t fact or , or co m m it s cl ear e r r o r o f jud gm en t in weig hi ng fact or s)

. As to Ri ve ra’s as se rti on th at th e go ve rn m en t de fam ed hi m , th e go ve rn m en t’s arg um en t pr op erl y rel at ed to th e se nt en ci ng fact o r s , an d a cri m in al ap pe al is no t th e pr op er ve hi cl e to rai se a de fam at io n cl ai m

. An in de pe nd en t

rev ie w of th e reco rd rev eal s no no n- fri vo lo us is su es fo r ap pe al

. Se e Pen so n v. Ohi o , 48 8 U.S. 7 5 (1 98 8)

.

The jud gm en t i s af

fir m ed an d c ou ns el ’s m ot io n t o wi th dr aw is gra nt ed

.

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