# Patent

## Title
Apparatus for fluid control device leak detection

## Abstract

Apparatus for fluid control device leak detection are disclosed. An example apparatus in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure includes a plurality of ports. One of the ports is to receive a supply pressure to drive an actuator and another of the ports to be fluidly coupled to a purge port of a fluid control device. The apparatus includes a sensor to measure a value at the purge port and a processor to compare the value to a predetermined value or a previously measured value to identify if the value is outside of a predetermined threshold.

## Background
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
This patent relates generally to leak detection and, more specifically, to apparatus for fluid control device leak detection.
BACKGROUND
Fluid control devices implemented in hazardous and/or lethal applications (e.g., chlorine and/or polysilicon production) may include bellows to prevent process fluid from leaking through a bonnet to the atmosphere. However, in time, these bellows may leak. In some instances, these Sensors may be used to detect a bellows leak in a fluid control device.
SUMMARY
An example apparatus in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure includes a plurality of ports. One of the ports is to receive a supply pressure to drive an actuator and another of the ports is to be fluidly coupled to a purge port of a fluid control device. The apparatus includes a sensor to measure a value at the purge port and a processor to compare the value to a predetermined value or a previously measured value to identify if the value is outside of a predetermined threshold.
Another apparatus includes a plurality of ports. A first one of the ports is to receive a supply pressure to drive an actuator and a second one of the ports is to be fluidly coupled to a bonnet port of a fluid control device. A bellows positioned between a flow aperture of the fluid control device and the bonnet port is to substantially prevent process fluid from flowing to the bonnet port. The apparatus also includes a sensor to measure a pressure value at the bonnet port and a processor to compare the pressure value to a predetermined pressure value or a previously measured pressure value to determine if there is a leak in the bellows.
Another example apparatus includes a plurality of ports. One of the ports is to receive a supply pressure to drive an actuator and another of the ports is to be fluidly coupled to a purge port of a fluid control device. The apparatus includes a sensor to measure a value at the purge port and a processor to determine if there is a leak in the fluid control device based on the measured value.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 depicts a known fluid control device.
FIG. 2 depicts a fluid control device and an example controller in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an example processor platform that may be used and/or programmed to implement any or all of the example methods are apparatus disclosed herein.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Certain examples are shown in the above-identified figures and described in detail below. In describing these examples, like or identical reference numbers are used to identify the same or similar elements. The figures are not necessarily to scale and certain features and certain views of the figures may be shown exaggerated in scale or in schematic for clarity and/or conciseness. Additionally, several examples have been described throughout this specification. Any features from any example may be included with, a replacement for, or otherwise combined with other features from other examples.
Fluid control devices implemented in hazardous and/or lethal applications (e.g., chlorine and/or polysilicon production) may include bellows to prevent process fluid from leaking through a bonnet to the atmosphere. However, in time, these bellows may leak. Detecting such bellows leaks may be difficult without installing additional air monitoring components and/or exposing operators to hazardous conditions.
In some examples, bellows leaks may be detected at or around a valve using air monitoring equipment, pressure gauges and/or transmitters (e.g., air monitoring components). The air monitoring components may be coupled to a purge port of a valve bonnet being monitored. In operation, air quality and/or pressure measurements are transmitted to a control system that analyzes the measured values. The control system is remote from the air monitoring components. Based on the analysis, the control system may alert an operator of a potential bellows leak. While effective in monitoring bellows leaks, the logic of such systems is remote from the air monitoring components.
The examples disclosed herein monitor for bellows leaks and automatically alert and/or provide early detection and/or remote notification of such leaks using a controller, an electro-pneumatic controller and/or a digital valve controller (DVC). Such an approach eliminates the need for the additional air monitoring components while also enhancing plant safety by not exposing operators to the environment around the valve (e.g., the valve site) being monitored.
In some examples, to monitor a valve for bellows leaks, a purge port of a bonnet is coupled to a pressure sensing port of a DVC having integral pressure sensing capabilities. In examples in which the valve is a single-acting valve, the pressure sensing port may be an unused port of the DVC that is configured to measure the purge port pressure. In examples in which the valve is a double-acting valve, the pressure sensing port may be a port of the DVC dedicated to measuring the purge port pressure and, thus, detecting bellows leaks. Regardless of the type of valve being monitored, the examples disclosed monitor bellows leaks by identifying pressure changes at a purge port. If the DVC determines that the pressure changes a particular amount, the DVC notifies an operator by conveying an alert to a control system and/or monitoring software. Additionally, the DVC may generate and/or provide data to generate a report including the date, the time, etc. of the bellows leak.
In some examples, to enable the DVC to detect a pressure change, a profile is created using diagnostic capabilities of the DVC that enables performance diagnostics of the DVC to monitor the valve (e.g., monitor the health of the valve). In some examples, the profile is configured and/or setup using monitoring software. The profile may specify a minimum bellows pressure change prior to sending an alert. However, in other examples, firmware used to implement the disclosed examples may include a bellows leak alert. In some such examples, a profile for the pressure change is not created (e.g., not set up by an operator). In any of the examples disclosed, the monitoring software may be AMS software and/or ValveLink Solo software of Emerson Process Management. While the above example describes measuring pressure to identify a bellows leak, other parameters such as air quality may additionally or alternatively be measured and used to identify a leak.
In applications where the process pressure is over approximately 150 pounds per square inch (psi), a pressure regulator may be installed between the purge port and the DVC to substantially prevent the process pressure from damaging the DVC. In some examples, to protect the DVC from process fluid, a pressure sensing diaphragm separates the process fluid from the DVC. The pressure sensing diaphragm may be integral to the DVC and/or external to the DVC.
FIG. 1 depicts a known fluid control device and/or valve 102 that includes bellows 104 to substantially prevent process fluid from flowing to the atmosphere. The bellows 104 is positioned between a flow path 106 and a purge port 108 of the fluid control device 102. However, in time, the bellows 104 may leak.
In operation, to monitor for bellows leaks, a sensor 110 measures a value at the purge port 108. The value is used by a control system 112 remote from the sensor 110 to determine if the bellows 104 is leaking. In examples in which the measured value is an air quality value, the control system 112 may determine that the bellows 104 is leaking if the measured air quality value has changed and/or is outside of an acceptable and/or predetermined air quality value. In examples in which the measured value is a pressure value, the control system 112 may determine that the bellows 104 is leaking if the measured pressure value is higher than a predetermined pressure and/or if the pressure has risen a particular amount. In examples in which the sensor 110 is not coupled to the control system 112, the fluid control device 102 may be monitored for bellows leaks by an operator walking to the valve site and observing the sensor 110.
To control the position of the fluid control device 102, an electro-pneumatic controller 114 is coupled to an actuator 115 via a first port 116 and coupled to an air supply 118 via a second port 120. In examples in which the actuator 115 is a double-acting actuator, the controller 114 is also coupled to the actuator 115 via a third port 122. However, in examples in which the actuator 115 is a single-acting actuator, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the third port 122 is unused. In operation, the controller 114 measures the position of the actuator 115 and, based on commands received from the remote control system 112, causes the actuator 115 to move to a particular position.
FIG. 2 depicts an example controller 200 with integrated bellows leak detection capabilities in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure. In operation, to monitor for bellows leaks, a first and/or air monitoring port 202 of the controller 200 is coupled to the purge port 108 to enable a sensor 204 of the controller 200 to measure a value at the purge port 108. The measured value is used by a processor 206 of the controller 200 to determine if the bellows 104 is leaking. Thus, in contrast to known examples that use remote processing capabilities of the control system 112 (FIG. 1) and require additional external monitoring equipment, the controller 200 determines if the bellows 104 is leaking at the valve site (i.e., a local determination).
The sensor 204 may be a pressure sensor, an air quality sensor, etc. In examples in which the sensor 204 is an air quality sensor, the processor 206 may determine that the bellows 104 is leaking if the measured air quality value has changed and/or is outside of an acceptable and/or predetermined air quality value. In examples in which the sensor 204 is a pressure sensor, the control system 112 may determine that the bellows 104 is leaking if the measured pressure value is higher than a predetermined, threshold and/or fixed pressure and/or if the pressure has risen a particular amount over a particular amount of time, for example.
If the processor 206 determines that the bellows 104 is leaking, the processor 206 may automatically alert and/or notify a control system and/or monitoring system 208 and/or an operator associated therewith. Such early notification of a bellows leak enhances operator safety because the fluid control device 102 may be used to control the flow of hazardous fluids and/or materials. Additionally or alternatively, the processor 206 may generate and/or provide data to generate a report associated with a detected bellows leak. In some such examples, the report may include a time stamp (e.g., date, time, etc.).
To substantially prevent excessive process pressure and/or process fluid from damaging the sensor 204 and/or the controller 200, a pressure regulator 210 and/or a pressure sensing diaphragm may be fluidly coupled between the purge port 108 and the sensor 204.
To control the position of the fluid control device 102, the controller 200 is coupled to the actuator 115 via a second port 212 and coupled to the air supply 118 via a third port 214. In examples in which the actuator 115 is a double-acting actuator, the controller 200 is also coupled to the actuator 115 via a fourth port 216. While the controller 200 includes the fourth port 216, in other examples, the controller 200 may not include the fourth port 216. In operation, the controller 200 measures the position of the actuator 115 and, based on commands received from the control system 208, causes the actuator 115 to move to a particular position.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example processor platform P100 that may be used and/or programmed to implement the controller 200 and/or any of the other examples disclosed herein. For example, the processor platform P100 can be implemented by one or more general purpose processors, processor cores, microcontrollers, etc.
The processor platform P100 of the example of FIG. 3 includes at least one general purpose programmable processor P105. The processor P105 executes coded instructions P110 and/or P112 present in main memory of the processor P105 (e.g., within a RAM P115 and/or a ROM P120). The processor P105 may be any type of processing unit, such as a processor core, a processor and/or a microcontroller. The processor P105 may execute, among other things, the example methods and apparatus described herein.
The processor P105 is in communication with the main memory (including a ROM P120 and/or the RAM P115) via a bus P125. The RAM P115 may be implemented by dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM), and/or any other type of RAM device, and ROM may be implemented by flash memory and/or any other desired type of memory device. Access to the memory P115 and the memory P120 may be controlled by a memory controller (not shown).
The processor platform P100 also includes an interface circuit P130. The interface circuit P130 may be implemented by any type of interface standard, such as an external memory interface, serial port, general purpose input/output, etc. One or more input devices P135 and one or more output devices P140 are connected to the interface circuit P130.
As set forth herein, an apparatus includes a plurality of ports. One of the ports is to receive a supply pressure to drive an actuator and another of the ports to be fluidly coupled to a purge port of a fluid control device. The apparatus includes a sensor to measure a value at the purge port and a processor to compare the value to a predetermined value or a previously measured value to identify if the value is outside of a predetermined threshold.
In some examples, the value being outside of the predetermined threshold is associated with a bellows leak in the fluid control device. In some examples, the processor is to generate an alert if the value is outside of the predetermined threshold. In some examples, the processor is to automatically communicate an alert to a remote monitoring system based on the processor identifying that the value is outside of the predetermined threshold. In some examples, the processor is to generate a report if the value is outside of the predetermined threshold. In some examples, the report includes a time stamp.
In some examples, the apparatus also includes a pressure regulator fluidly coupled between the purge port and the sensor. In some examples, the sensor includes a pressure sensing diaphragm assembly. In some examples, the value includes a pressure value.
Another apparatus includes a plurality of ports. A first one of the ports is to receive a supply pressure to drive an actuator and a second one of the ports is to be fluidly coupled to a bonnet port of a fluid control device. A bellows positioned between a flow aperture of the fluid control device and the bonnet port is to substantially prevent process fluid from flowing to the bonnet port. The apparatus also includes a sensor to measure a pressure value at the bonnet port and a processor to compare the pressure value to a predetermined pressure value or a previously measured pressure value to determine if there is a leak in the bellows.
In some examples, the processor is to generate an alert if the processor determines that if there is a leak in the bellows. In some examples, the processor is to automatically communicate an alert to a remote monitoring system based on the processor determining that there is a leak in the bellows. In some examples, the processor is to generate a report based on the processor determining that there is a leak in the bellows.
Another example apparatus includes a plurality of ports. One of the ports is to receive a supply pressure to drive an actuator and another of the ports is to be fluidly coupled to a purge port of a fluid control device. A bellows is positioned between a flow aperture of the fluid control device and the purge port to substantially prevent process fluid from flowing to the purge port. The apparatus also includes means for detecting a bellows leak in the fluid control device.
In some examples, the means for detecting a leak comprises a sensor to measure a value at the purge port. In some examples, the means for detecting a leak comprises a processor to compare the value to a predetermined value or a previously measured value to determine if there is a leak.
Another example apparatus includes a plurality of ports. One of the ports is to receive a supply pressure to drive an actuator and another of the ports is to be fluidly coupled to a purge port of a fluid control device. The apparatus includes a sensor to measure a value at the purge port and a processor to determine if there is a leak in the fluid control device based on the measured value.
In some examples, the leak in the fluid control device is associated with the measured value being outside of a predetermined threshold. In some examples, the processor is to compare the measured pressure value to the predetermined threshold. In some examples, the measured value includes a pressure value.
Although certain example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture have been disclosed herein, the scope of coverage of this patent is not limited thereto. On the contrary, this patent covers all methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the appended claims either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents.

## Claims

1. An apparatus, comprising:
a valve controller, including:
a housing;
a plurality of ports defined by the housing, one of the ports to receive a supply pressure to drive an actuator and another of the ports to be fluidly coupled to a purge port of a fluid control device;
a sensor to measure a value at the purge port, the sensor disposed in the housing; and
a processor to compare the value to a reference value or a previously measured value to identify if the value is outside of a threshold.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the value being outside of the threshold is associated with a bellows leak in the fluid control device.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is to generate an alert if the value is outside of the threshold.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is to automatically communicate an alert to a remote monitoring system based on the processor identifying that the value is outside of the threshold.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is to generate a report if the value is outside of the threshold.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the report comprises a time stamp.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the value comprises a pressure value.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a bellows positioned between a flow aperture of the fluid control device and the purge port to substantially prevent process fluid from flowing to the purge port.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a pressure regulator fluidly coupled between the purge port and the sensor.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor is integral to the valve controller.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, when the other of the ports is not coupled to the purge port, the other of the ports is couplable to a double-acting actuator to control a position of the double-acting actuator.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the other of the ports is usable to provide an input to the actuator when the other of the ports is not coupled to the purge port.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the other of the ports is to be coupled to the purge port when the actuator is a single-acting actuator to enable the value at the purge port to be measured.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the other of the ports is to be coupled to the actuator when the actuator is a double-acting actuator to enable an input to be provided to the actuator.

15. An apparatus, comprising:
a housing;
a plurality of ports defined by the housing, one of the ports to receive a supply pressure to drive an actuator and another of the ports to be fluidly coupled to a purge port of a fluid control device;
a sensor to measure a value at the purge port, the sensor disposed in the housing, wherein the sensor comprises a pressure sensing diaphragm assembly; and
a processor to compare the value to a reference value or a previously measured value to identify if the value is outside of a threshold.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the value being outside of the threshold is associated with a bellows leak in the fluid control device.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processor is to generate an alert if the value is outside of the threshold.

18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processor is to automatically communicate an alert to a remote monitoring system based on the processor identifying that the value is outside of the threshold.

19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processor is to generate a report if the value is outside of the threshold.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the report comprises a time stamp.

21. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a pressure regulator fluidly coupled between the purge port and the sensor.

22. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the value comprises a pressure value.

23. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a bellows positioned between a flow aperture of the fluid control device and the purge port to substantially prevent process fluid from flowing to the purge port.

24. An apparatus, comprising:
a valve controller, including:
a first port to receive a supply pressure to be used to drive an actuator;
a second port; and
a third port, when the valve controller is coupled to a double-acting actuator, the second port is to be coupled to a double-acting actuator to enable a first input to be provided to the double-acting actuator, and the third port is to be coupled to the double-acting actuator to enable a second input to be provided to the double-acting actuator, when the valve controller is coupled to a single-acting actuator, the second port is to be coupled to the single-acting actuator to enable the first input to be provided to the single-acting actuator, and the third port is to be coupled to a purge port of a fluid control device to enable a value at the purge port to be measured via a sensor integral to the valve controller.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, further including a processor to compare the value to a reference value or a previously measured value to identify if the value is outside of a threshold.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the value being outside of the threshold is associated with a bellows leak in the fluid control device.