Filed 5/28/21

CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

CHRISTOPHER SCHUMB,

Petitioner,

v.

THE SUPERIOR COURT OF SANTA 

CLARA COUNTY,

Respondent;

THE PEOPLE,

Real Party in Interest.

 H048532

 (Santa Clara County

 Super. Ct. No. C2010724)

Petitioner Christopher Schumb is charged as a coconspirator in a felony 

indictment alleging a quid pro quo scheme in which members of the Santa Clara County 

Sheriff’s Department issued hard-to-obtain concealed firearms permits in exchange for 

substantial monetary donations to help the reelection campaign of Santa Clara County 

Sheriff Laurie Smith. Schumb is an attorney with a history of fundraising for elected 

officials; he accepted the donations at issue in the underlying criminal case in his capacity 

as a treasurer of an independent expenditure committee supporting Sheriff Smith’s 

reelection. Schumb is a friend of Jeff Rosen, the elected Santa Clara County District 

Attorney. Schumb has also raised funds for Rosen’s campaigns in the past. 

Schumb moved to disqualify the Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office 

from prosecuting him, arguing that his friendship with both Rosen and Rosen’s chief 

assistant, Jay Boyarsky, created a conflict of interest making it unlikely Schumb would 
2

receive a fair trial. The motion was denied, and he now seeks writ relief here. Schumb

contends the motion should have been granted because his relationships with Rosen and 

Boyarsky are of the same type as his alleged relationships with members of the Sheriff’s 

Department (i.e., as a fundraiser for public officials’ reelection campaigns); Schumb 

intends to call Rosen and Boyarsky as both fact and character witnesses at trial; and 

despite their personal connections to the case, neither Rosen nor Boyarsky made any

effort to create an ethical wall between themselves and the attorneys prosecuting the case. 

For the reasons stated here, we agree with Schumb and will issue a peremptory 

writ of mandate directing the respondent court to vacate the existing order and enter a 

new order disqualifying the Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office in the 

underlying criminal proceeding against Schumb.

I. TRIAL COURT PROCEEDINGS

A. INDICTMENT ALLEGATIONS

Schumb is charged by indictment with two felony counts: conspiring to bribe an 

executive officer (Pen. Code, §§ 182, 67), and bribing an executive officer (Pen. Code, 

§ 67). Schumb’s alleged coconspirators are James Jensen (a sheriff’s department 

captain), Harpaul Nahal (a private attorney), and Michael Nichols (a local gun parts 

manufacturer). Unindicted coconspirators include three men affiliated with a private 

executive security company called AS Solution, Inc., among them Martin Nielsen and the 

company’s CEO, Christian West. The following factual summary is based on the overt 

acts alleged in the indictment. 

AS Solution provides contract security services for corporate executives. The 

company wanted to secure local licenses to carry concealed weapons (CCW licenses), 

which are difficult to obtain. Nielsen contacted Nichols about the CCW issue in spring 

2018. Nielsen and West then had lunch with Nichols, Nahal, and Schumb. At that lunch 

Schumb described his fundraising efforts for the reelection of Santa Clara County Sheriff 

Laurie Smith, and he encouraged Nielsen to attend a SWAT competition where Nielsen 
3

could meet Jensen. Nielsen attended the competition and was introduced to Jensen by 

Nichols. The indictment alleges Nielsen and Jensen agreed at that time to the core

conspiracy: “AS Solution’s executive protection agents would receive CCW licenses 

issued by the Sheriff in exchange for a donation from the company.”

Nielsen met with Jensen, Nahal, and Nichols in May 2018. They reached an 

agreement that AS Solution would receive 10 to 12 CCW licenses in return for a $90,000 

donation to support Sheriff Smith’s reelection. Jensen instructed Nielsen to have his 

agents use false employer names and positions on their CCW license applications. 

Nielsen delivered the completed applications to Jensen in summer 2018 and sent West a 

text message confirming their submittal, stating “ ‘Chris Schaum [sic] will reach out to 

me soon about financial part.’ ” Jensen met with Schumb at Schumb’s office in fall 

2018. Jensen then instructed Nielsen that the first part of the donation would be $45,000 

for a $5,000-per-plate fundraiser for the Sheriff’s campaign. Nielsen moved money from 

AS Solution into his personal checking account, and delivered a check to Schumb in 

October 2018 payable to the “ ‘Santa Clara County Safety Alliance.’ ” Schumb was a 

treasurer of an independent expenditure committee with a substantially similar title (the 

Santa Clara County Public Safety Alliance), whose purpose was to support Sheriff 

Smith’s reelection campaign.

Nielsen complained to Schumb in early 2019 that AS Solution had not yet 

received any CCW licenses. Schumb called Jensen. Less than a month later Jensen 

signed shooting range qualification paperwork for Nielsen’s CCW license. Nielsen 

obtained his CCW license in spring 2019, signed by Sheriff Smith. 

Based on the foregoing, the grand jury returned the operative indictment against 

Schumb, Jensen, Nahal, and Nichols. The indictment was filed in the superior court in 

August 2020. In a press release announcing the indictment, District Attorney Rosen was

quoted as follows: “ ‘CCW licenses should not be given out in exchange for campaign 

donations. They should not be for sale.’ ”
4

B. MOTION TO DISQUALIFY THE DISTRICT ATTORNEY’S OFFICE 

Schumb moved to disqualify the entire Santa Clara County District Attorney’s 

Office from prosecuting his case, arguing that his relationships with both Rosen and

Rosen’s chief assistant Boyarsky posed a conflict of interest that rendered it unlikely he

would receive a fair trial.1 In a supporting declaration, Schumb related that Boyarsky 

introduced him to Rosen in 2010 just after Rosen was elected district attorney. Schumb

characterized his relationship with Rosen as that of a “political consultant, lawyer, 

fundraiser, and friend.” Schumb also stated that he is a close friend of Boyarsky and his 

wife. Both Boyarsky and Rosen attended fundraising events over the years as Schumb’s 

guests. Schumb declared that Boyarsky had sought his help to mediate Rosen’s dispute 

with Sheriff Smith’s office regarding access to recordings of jail inmate phone calls. He 

attached to the declaration an email Boyarsky had forwarded to him about the jail call 

dispute.

Schumb stated he had exchanged over 200 emails with Rosen since 2010, and 

attached several representative emails to the declaration. Most involved helping Rosen 

with campaign fundraising efforts, in one enlisting Schumb’s help to plan a fundraiser for 

then-Attorney General Kamala Harris’s campaign for the U.S. Senate. Two email chains 

involved requests by Rosen not associated with fundraising: one seeking help to fix a 

vintage watch, and another seeking help to find tickets to purchase for a sold out concert.

Also attached in support of the motion to disqualify was a section from the Santa 

Clara County District Attorney’s Office Policy and Procedure Manual, stating that an 

“attorney or staff member of the District Attorney’s office shall not handle any case 

where either the victim/complainant or the defendant is a friend or relative.” The manual 

1

 Codefendant Jensen joined in the motion, and separately argued that a leak of 

grand jury transcripts to the press provided an independent basis to disqualify the district 

attorney’s office. Jensen filed a separate petition in this court (case No. H048548) to 

challenge the trial court’s denial of his motion, which we address in a separate opinion 

filed today.
5

instructs that an attorney must notify the chief assistant district attorney in writing upon 

discovering that a victim or defendant is a friend, and that the attorney “should not 

thereafter read the file, or review the case.” We note that Boyarsky is the chief assistant 

district attorney.

The Attorney General opposed Schumb’s motion, attaching supporting 

declarations from Rosen and John Chase, the deputy district attorney in charge of the 

underlying prosecution. Rosen declared that after he was elected district attorney in 

2010, Schumb “became a political supporter, helped raise money for my subsequent reelection campaigns, and gave me political advice.” Rosen denied that Schumb ever acted 

as his attorney, and he stated that Schumb’s assistance amounted to only two percent of 

the money Rosen has raised for his reelection campaigns. Rosen stated he learned about 

Schumb’s alleged involvement in the conspiracy in July 2019, and that he instructed his 

campaign staff to return all direct contributions Schumb had made to Rosen’s campaigns.

Chase is the lead prosecutor in the Public Integrity Unit of the Santa Clara County 

District Attorney’s Office. He declared that he started investigating the conspiracy in 

December 2018 when Rosen forwarded a tip from a local newspaper publisher about a

$45,000 donation to the Santa Clara County Public Safety Alliance independent 

expenditure committee. Chase declared he met with Rosen and Boyarsky about the case 

every two to three months in 2019, including four times that July. He met with Rosen 

and Boyarsky periodically in 2020 as well, including nine meetings in July and August 

“concerning the grand jury proceedings, charging decisions, and media releases.” Chase 

denied that Rosen or Boyarsky directed him to focus his investigation on any particular 

individual. Chase stated that he and his team “followed the evidence where it led without 

any influence or pressure from anyone.” He acknowledged that he was aware Schumb

was a treasurer of the independent expenditure committee “from the very beginning,” but 

that he did not discover evidence implicating Schumb in the conspiracy until July 2019. 
6

At the hearing on the motion to disqualify, an email and an attached memo were

admitted as court exhibits. The email was from Rosen’s private email address, asking 

what Schumb thought about an attached internal district attorney’s office memo 

regarding a crime possibly committed by a government official. (The exhibits were filed 

under seal in both the trial court and this court because the official mentioned in the 

memo was never charged with a crime.) Schumb’s counsel argued the email showed that 

Rosen sought advice from Schumb, and it demonstrated the closeness of their 

relationship.

Schumb’s counsel also asserted at the hearing that he had been prevented from 

fully investigating the extent of Rosen’s involvement in the case. Counsel stated he 

subpoenaed all correspondence related to the case between Rosen, Boyarsky, and Chase, 

but they objected on the basis of attorney work product and refused to turn over any 

documents. Counsel argued that the extent of Rosen’s involvement could not be 

determined “unless we put [Rosen] on the stand and have him testify as to everything that 

he shared with Mr. Chase.” Ruling from the bench, the trial court denied the motion

without an evidentiary hearing. The trial court ruled that although there was “certainly 

evidence to show a friendship,” the evidence was insufficient to show a conflict of 

interest or that Schumb “has or likely would not receive fair treatment during all portions 

of the proceedings.”

Schumb petitioned for a writ of mandate or prohibition in this court, arguing the 

trial court abused its discretion in denying the disqualification motion. We granted his 

request to stay the trial and issued an order to show cause. The Attorney General 

opposed the stay and the petition. The Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office has 

not filed pleadings on its own behalf.

II. DISCUSSION

Penal Code section 1424 governs disqualification of a prosecutor: a 

disqualification motion “may not be granted unless the evidence shows that a conflict of 
7

interest exists that would render it unlikely that the defendant would receive a fair trial.” 

(Pen. Code, § 1424, subd. (a)(1); hereafter section 1424.) The test for disqualification 

has two parts: (1) whether there is a conflict; and (2) whether that conflict is so grave as 

to render it unlikely that the defendant will receive fair treatment during all portions of 

the criminal proceedings. (People v. Eubanks (1996) 14 Cal.4th 580, 592 (Eubanks).) 

We review the trial court’s ultimate decision on disqualification under the deferential 

abuse of discretion standard. (Haraguchi v. Superior Court (2008) 43 Cal.4th 706, 711.) 

We review any factual findings underlying the trial court’s decision for substantial 

evidence. (Ibid.)

A. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY FINDING NO CONFLICT EXISTS

A conflict under the first part of section 1424 “exists whenever the circumstances 

of a case evidence a reasonable possibility that the DA’s office may not exercise its 

discretionary function in an evenhanded manner. Thus, there is no need to determine 

whether a conflict is ‘actual,’ or only gives an ‘appearance’ of conflict.” (People v. 

Conner (1983) 34 Cal.3d 141, 148; accord People v. Cannedy (2009) 

176 Cal.App.4th 1474, 1479–1480 (Cannedy).)

The relevant facts are undisputed, and the parties agree that substantial evidence 

supports the trial court’s finding that Rosen and Schumb are friends. Rosen is the elected 

Santa Clara County District Attorney. Boyarsky is Rosen’s chief assistant. Schumb has 

known Rosen since 2010 or 2011. Rosen acknowledged in his declaration that Schumb

was a “political supporter, helped raise money for my subsequent re-election campaigns, 

and gave me political advice.” That support included hosting fundraising events and 

engaging in networking on Rosen’s behalf. Schumb and Rosen exchanged hundreds of 

emails over the years, and in them Rosen often expressed his appreciation for Schumb’s 

help. Rosen occasionally sought Schumb’s help with non-election-related activities, and 

shared an internal district attorney’s office memo with Schumb to solicit his opinion. 

Both Boyarsky and Rosen have attended fundraising events as Schumb’s guests. And 
8

Boyarsky asked for Schumb’s help in mediating a dispute between Rosen and Sheriff 

Smith about access to inmate phone recordings. 

The charges against Schumb relate to his fundraising for the reelection campaign 

of a high-ranking local official, Sheriff Smith. Schumb intends to call both Rosen and 

Boyarsky as defense witnesses at trial. Rosen was aware of the investigation from its 

inception, as he is the person who forwarded to Deputy District Attorney Chase the tip 

leading to Schumb’s prosecution. According to Chase’s declaration, he reported to 

Rosen in July 2019 that he had received information linking Schumb to the alleged 

conspiracy. Although in August 2019 Rosen returned all contributions Schumb had 

made to his reelection campaigns, nothing in the record suggests Rosen and Boyarsky 

attempted to wall themselves off from Chase’s investigation. Chase declared that neither 

Rosen nor Boyarsky directed him to focus his investigation on any particular individual. 

But Chase also confirmed that he met with Rosen and Boyarsky every two to three 

months in 2019 and periodically in 2020, including nine meetings in July and August 

2020 “concerning the grand jury proceedings, charging decisions, and media releases.” 

Rosen was quoted in the press release that announced the indictment of Schumb and the 

other defendants. 

The foregoing facts satisfy the first part of the section 1424 analysis, 

demonstrating the existence of a conflict. Schumb is a friend of both the elected District 

Attorney Rosen, and his chief assistant Boyarsky. And the nature of those friendships

parallels Schumb’s relationship with Sheriff Smith, the elected official for whom the 

indictment alleges he conspired to collect a bribe. Given the factual underpinnings and 

intersection of those relationships, we conclude as a matter of law that there is a 

reasonable possibility that Rosen’s office may not exercise its discretionary function in an 

evenhanded manner. (See Dean v. Dean (1963) 59 Cal.2d 655, 657 [“[A]n appellate 

court will not interfere with the trial court’s action unless, as a matter of law, an abuse of 
9

discretion is shown.”].) The trial court therefore abused its discretion when it found that 

no conflict exists.

B. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY NOT DISQUALIFYING THE DISTRICT 

ATTORNEY’S OFFICE FROM PROSECUTING SCHUMB

The second and critical question is whether the conflict Schumb identifies is “ ‘so 

grave as to render it unlikely that defendant will receive fair treatment during all portions 

of the criminal proceedings.’ ” (Eubanks, supra, 14 Cal.4th at p. 592.) To that end, a 

court “must consider the entire complex of facts surrounding the conflict to determine 

whether the conflict makes fair and impartial treatment of the defendant unlikely.” (Id. at 

p. 599.) We are mindful that disqualification under section 1424 cannot be ordered

“merely because the district attorney’s further participation in the prosecution would be 

unseemly, would appear improper, or would tend to reduce public confidence in the 

impartiality and integrity of the criminal justice system.” (Id. at p. 592.) And the 

“threshold necessary for recusing an entire office is higher than that for an individual 

prosecutor.” (Cannedy, supra, 176 Cal.App.4th at p. 1481.) “If a defendant seeks to 

recuse an entire office, the record must demonstrate ‘that the conduct of any deputy 

district attorney assigned to the case, or of the office as a whole, would likely be 

influenced by the personal interest of the district attorney or an employee.’ ” (People v. 

Bryant, Smith and Wheeler (2014) 60 Cal.4th 335, 373.)

After considering the moving papers and supporting declarations, the trial court 

stated its view that “there is sufficient evidence before the court to rule on this issue 

without the need [for] an evidentiary hearing.” In the first of the two-part analysis under 

section 1424, the trial court found no conflict. It nonetheless went on to address the 

second part of the analysis, namely the gravity of the conflict asserted by Schumb. (Cf. 

Eubanks, supra, 14 Cal.4th at p. 598 [trial court’s reasoning “directed solely at the first 

portion of the two-part test”].) The trial court stated in its ruling that, “I don’t believe 

there’s evidence before the Court currently that shows that Mr. Schumb has or likely 
10

would not receive fair treatment during all portions of the proceedings.” We therefore

consider whether the trial court abused its discretion in so finding.

The factual basis for Schumb’s prosecution is that he committed illegal acts 

(conspiring to bribe a public official) while engaged in otherwise-legal activities (raising 

campaign funds to support the reelection of that same elected official, Sheriff Smith). 

Schumb has also raised funds extensively for District Attorney Rosen’s reelection 

campaigns and, according to Schumb’s declaration, he has been called upon to intervene 

in a professional dispute between those very officials, Rosen and Sheriff Smith. The 

parties do not dispute that Schumb’s relationship with Rosen was fairly close, with Rosen 

even asking for Schumb’s opinion about alleged criminal activity by a government

official. Rosen does not deny his relationship with Schumb, but has nonetheless 

remained involved in the case. It also appears that Rosen and Boyarsky will be called by 

Schumb to testify at trial, as both character witnesses and fact witnesses (about his 

fundraising efforts for local politicians). 

The foregoing facts create a strong incentive for Rosen’s office to aggressively 

prosecute Schumb for two purposes, both to distance Rosen from any taint associated 

with reelection money raised by Schumb, and to avoid the appearance of favoritism 

toward a friend and campaign contributor. On these facts, it is unlikely that Schumb

would receive fair and impartial treatment if he is prosecuted by the Santa Clara County 

District Attorney’s Office.

We respect that the threshold to disqualify an entire office is higher than that for 

an individual prosecutor, but nonetheless conclude that office-wide disqualification is 

required here. Significantly, the conflict involves Schumb’s friendship with the elected 

district attorney rather than with a line deputy or other staff member. And despite that 

conflict, Rosen and his chief assistant Boyarsky made absolutely no effort to create an 

ethical wall between them and the prosecuting deputies after learning Schumb was a 

suspect. To the contrary, Chase acknowledges in his declaration that he met with Rosen 
11

and Boyarsky throughout his investigation, including meetings “concerning the grand 

jury proceedings, charging decisions, and media releases.” Rosen’s and Boyarsky’s 

continued involvement violates their office’s policy and procedure manual, which 

proscribes involvement in any case where the defendant is a friend. The manual directs

that upon discovering such a conflict, the attorney “should not thereafter read the file, or 

review the case.” Even assuming that an ethical wall could have earlier been established

to separate the prosecuting deputies from Rosen and Boyarsky, the case has progressed 

too far at this point for that to be a realistic remedy. (See In re Charlisse C. (2008) 

45 Cal.4th 145, 163 (Charlisse C.) [noting decisions that “where the attorney with the 

actual conflict has managerial, supervisorial, and/or policymaking responsibilities in a 

public law office, screening may not be sufficient to avoid vicarious disqualification of 

the entire office.”].)

Both parties cite People v. Choi (2000) 80 Cal.App.4th 476 (Choi) but disagree 

about its relevance. In Choi, a man named Tran was shot and killed in San Francisco less 

than ten minutes before and about one mile away from where another man, Natali, was 

shot and killed. (Id. at p. 478.) Natali was a close personal friend of then-San Francisco 

District Attorney Terence Hallinan. Choi was arrested for Tran’s murder, and the phone 

number of Choi’s girlfriend was found on Natali’s pager. Hallinan believed Choi was 

also responsible for Natali’s murder, and made that belief known to the press. Choi 

moved to disqualify the district attorney’s office from prosecuting him for Tran’s murder, 

based on Hallinan’s relationship with Natali and Hallinan’s public statements that the 

killings were related. The trial court denied the motion, but later granted a mistrial after

Hallinan continued to speak to the press about the alleged connection between the 

homicides, directly contradicting the court’s voir dire instruction to the jury panel that the 

crimes were unrelated. (Id. at p. 479.) Choi renewed his motion to disqualify the district 

attorney’s office in light of Hallinan’s statements to the press. While the renewed motion 

was under submission, Hallinan approached the trial judge ex parte seeking approval of a 
12

letter to the editor he wished to send about the case. The trial court ultimately granted the 

renewed motion to disqualify the entire district attorney’s office, a decision affirmed by 

the Court of Appeal. (Id. at p. 480.) The Choi court reasoned that Hallinan had a clear 

conflict of interest, and that disqualifying the entire office was appropriate to combat the 

“potential bias that might result from the fact that [prosecuting] deputies are hired, 

evaluated and promoted by the District Attorney.” (Id. at p. 483.) Importantly, the Choi 

court affirmed disqualification of the entire office even though the office had attempted 

to wall off Hallinan from the prosecuting deputies. The court explained that based on the 

facts of the case it was “clear that the ethical wall in the district attorney’s office did not 

prevent District Attorney Hallinan from communicating about the case to others within 

the office.” (Ibid.)

Rosen’s connection to Schumb’s case is different from that in Choi, and arguably 

more direct. Rosen’s relationship is with the defendant in the very case being prosecuted, 

rather than with the victim in a separate case. And despite that connection, neither Rosen 

nor Boyarsky observed an ethical wall to prevent the conflict from tainting the 

prosecution. Here, just as in Choi, disqualifying the entire district attorney’s office is 

appropriate to prevent any bias that could result from the fact that Chase and the other 

prosecuting deputies are ultimately hired, evaluated, and promoted by Rosen. (Choi, 

supra, 80 Cal.App.4th at p. 483.)

The Attorney General raises several issues in isolation, and urges us not to

announce any bright-line rules. Standing alone, any of the discrete facts identified by the 

Attorney General might not necessitate office-wide disqualification: an elected district 

attorney’s friendship with a defendant; that an elected district attorney will be called as a 

witness at trial; and that an elected district attorney failed to follow his or her own 

office’s policy requiring distance from any case involving a friend. But in this case we 

have not only all of those individual factors, but also the fundraising and other factors we

have already discussed. Far from announcing any bright-line rule, our decision is simply 
13

a recognition that the entire complex of facts here makes Schumb’s fair and impartial 

treatment by the Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office unlikely. (Hambarian v 

Superior Court (2002) 27 Cal.4th 826, 834.)

The Attorney General argues Schumb has “pointed to nothing that would suggest 

that Chase would not act fairly in conducting the trial were Rosen to be called as a 

defense witness,” and contends that, if anything, Rosen’s friendship with Schumb would 

inure to Schumb’s benefit because Chase might pull his punches when cross-examining 

Rosen. But as we have noted, Rosen has an equally strong incentive to see that Schumb

is aggressively prosecuted. Without disqualification, Rosen would have firing authority 

over the attorney who will be cross-examining him. That creates an unreasonable risk 

that Chase would steer the cross-examination to serve Rosen’s interest potentially 

compromising Schumb’s right to a fair trial. (See People v. Lepe (1985) 

164 Cal.App.3d 685, 689 [“As the deputies are hired by [the district attorney], evaluated 

by [him], promoted by [him] and fired by [him], we cannot say the office can be sanitized 

such to assume the deputy who prosecutes the case will not be influenced by the 

considerations that bar [the district attorney] himself from participation in the case.”]; 

quoted with approval in Charlisse C., supra, 45 Cal.4th at p. 164.) 

The Attorney General contends disqualification is not necessary because the 

“uncontested declarations established that while Rosen met with Chase about the 

progress of the case, he did not direct, influence, or pressure Chase to make any particular 

discretionary decisions that would be unfair to petitioner.” There are two problems with 

that argument. First, Schumb was prevented from gathering evidence to contest the 

declarations due to the assertion of attorney work product objections to his subpoena for 

case-related correspondence between Rosen, Boyarsky, and Chase. The Attorney 

General also insisted in the trial court that it was not necessary to conduct an evidentiary 

hearing (during which Schumb’s counsel could have questioned Chase and Rosen about 

their declarations). Second, the standard for disqualification does not require evidence 
14

that Rosen actually directed, influenced, or pressured Chase. Schumb need show only 

that he is unlikely to receive a fair trial, a standard we have already concluded he 

satisfied.

The Attorney General asserts that Rosen’s continued involvement in the case, 

including making statements to the press, “is to be expected, regardless of the identity of 

the charged defendant,” because this is a high-profile public corruption case. Though 

that may be accurate when an elected district attorney has no connection to a case, when 

a conflict exists of the nature present here, the district attorney must ensure that he or she 

takes no part in the prosecution.

Finally, the Attorney General complains that Schumb presents inconsistent 

theories about how he will be treated unfairly if the district attorney’s office is not 

disqualified: “Is petitioner being prosecuted to ‘punish both Schumb and Sheriff Smith’ 

[citation] or is petitioner being prosecuted because he is such a good friend that to not 

prosecute him would leave Rosen open to favoritism accusations?” The Attorney 

General argues that the “fact that petitioner can allege both theories on the same evidence 

demonstrates the speculative nature of his claims and the insufficient basis for recusal.” 

But Schumb’s motion is not based on mere speculation, and it does not fail merely 

because it advances two plausible reasons that he is unlikely to receive fair treatment if 

the district attorney’s office is not disqualified.

We conclude the trial court erred by not disqualifying the Santa Clara County 

District Attorney’s Office from prosecuting Schumb in this action. His prosecution must 

therefore be severed from that of his codefendants.

III. DISPOSITION

Let a peremptory writ of mandate issue directing respondent court to vacate its 

September 17, 2020 order denying petitioner Christopher Schumb’s motion to disqualify 

the Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office and to enter a new order granting the 

motion to disqualify and disqualifying the Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office 
15

from prosecuting petitioner Christopher Schumb. Upon finality of this opinion, the 

temporary stay order is vacated.
____________________________________

Grover, J.

WE CONCUR:

____________________________

Elia, Acting P. J. 

____________________________

Wiseman, J.

H048548 - Jensen v. Superior Court 



Retired Associate Justice of the Court of Appeal, Fifth Appellate District, 

assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California 

Constitution.
Trial Court Santa Clara County Superior Court 

Case No.: C2010724

Trial Judge Hon. Eric S. Geffon

Attorneys for Petitioner

Christopher Schumb

Kathleen Sherman

 Kathleen Sherman Law

J. Joseph Wall, Jr. 

 Wall Law Firm 

Attorneys for Respondent

The Superior Court of Santa Clara 

County

Attorneys for Real Party in Interest 

The People

Xavier Becerra

 Attorney General of California

Lance E. Winters

 Chief Assistant Attorney General

Jeffrey M. Laurence

 Senior Assistant Attorney General

Seth K. Schalit

 Supervising Deputy Attorney General

Bridget Billeter

 Deputy Attorney General