Filed 3/10/22 Singh v. Bains CA5

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication 

or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

DALJIT SINGH,

Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

GURPAUL SINGH BAINS,

Defendant and Appellant.

F082506

(Super. Ct. No. 20CECG01693)

OPINION

THE COURT*

APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Fresno County. Mark E. Cullers, 

Judge.

Gurpaul Singh Bains, in pro. per., for Defendant and Appellant.

John L. Migliazzo for Plaintiff and Respondent.

-ooOoo-

* Before Peña, Acting P.J., Smith, J. and DeSantos, J.
2

Defendant Gurpaul Singh Bains appeals from a civil harassment restraining order 

(CHRO) protecting plaintiff Daljit Singh (defendant’s former employer) and plaintiff’s 

wife and son. Defendant also challenges the denial of his peremptory challenge to the 

trial judge. 

Plaintiff requests this court take judicial notice of a second CHRO issued against 

defendant and contends this appeal is moot because defendant did not appeal a second 

CHRO. Plaintiff also contends the peremptory challenge was properly denied as 

untimely. 

We grant plaintiff’s request for judicial notice of the second CHRO. We conclude 

the appeal of the first CHRO is moot because reversing that CHRO would not give 

defendant any practical, effective relief because he would still be subject to the second 

CHRO, which was not appealed.

We therefore dismiss the appeal as moot.

MEMORANDUM DECISION1

I. MOOTNESS

An appeal becomes moot when an actual controversy that once was ripe no longer 

exists due to a change in circumstances. (Wilson & Wilson v. City Council of Redwood 

City (2011) 191 Cal.App.4th 1559, 1573.) In assessing mootness, “[t]he pivotal question 

... is ... whether the court can grant the plaintiff any effectual relief.” (Id. at p. 1574.) If 

events have made such relief impracticable, the controversy has become moot. (Ibid.)

Plaintiff has requested this court take judicial notice of a second CHRO issued on 

mandatory Judicial Council form CH-130 in Daljit Singh v. Gurpaul Bains, Fresno 

County Superior Court, case No. 19CECG00917. We grant this request pursuant to the 

1 This matter is proper for disposition by a memorandum opinion in accordance 

with the California Standards of Judicial Administration, Standard 8.1. (See People v. 

Garcia (2002) 97 Cal.App.4th 847, 850–855 [use of memorandum opinions]; Cal. Const., 

art. VI, § 14 [appellate decisions “shall be in writing with reasons stated”].) 
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provisions of the Evidence Code governing judicial notice. The CHRO, as a record of a 

court of this state, is subject to judicial notice under subdivision (d)(1) of Evidence Code 

section 452. We have the authority to take judicial notice of the second CHRO pursuant 

to Evidence Code section 459, subdivision (a), which states a “reviewing court may take 

judicial notice of any matter specified in Section 452.” 

Defendant did not file an opposition to plaintiff’s request for judicial notice and, 

furthermore, did not file an appellant’s reply brief. As a result, defendant has not 

presented this court with any arguments as to why this appeal is not rendered moot by the 

second CHRO and his failure to appeal that order.

Despite the lack of argument from defendant, we have independently compared 

the terms of the CHRO challenged in this appeal with the terms of the CHRO issued in 

Fresno County Superior Court case No. 19CECG00917. We have determined there is no 

material difference in their terms. Each CHRO protects plaintiff, his wife and his son. 

Each CHRO has the same personal conduct orders and contains a stay-away order of 100 

yards. In addition, each CHRO expires on February 22, 2026. 

Consequently, we conclude that we cannot grant defendant any effective relief in 

this appeal. If we reversed the challenged CHRO, defendant would still be subject to the 

second CHRO. Therefore, this appeal is moot and should be dismissed. 

As a result of this mootness determination, we need not resolve the issues relating 

to defendant’s peremptory challenge of the trial judge.2

2 We note, however, that defendant’s appeal of the denial of his peremptory 

challenge could not succeed because of a procedural defect. Code of Civil Procedure 

section 170.3, subdivision (d) states: “The determination of the question of the 

disqualification of a judge is not an appealable order and may be reviewed only by a writ

of mandate from the appropriate court of appeal sought only by the parties to the 

proceeding. The petition for the writ shall be filed and served within 10 days after 

service of written notice of entry of the court’s order determining the question of 

disqualification.” (Italics added.) The use of the phrase “only by a writ” in this provision 

means that the expedited writ procedure is the exclusive means for reviewing an 
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DISPOSITION

The appeal is dismissed as moot. Plaintiff’s request for judicial notice, filed on 

December 27, 2021, is granted. In accordance with California Rules of Court, 

rule 8.278(a)(2), plaintiff is the prevailing party and is entitled to recover his costs on 

appeal.

unsuccessful peremptory challenge filed under Code of Civil Procedure section 170.6. 

(People v. Webb (1993) 6 Cal.4th 494, 522.) As a result, even if this appeal was not 

moot, we would lack the authority to address whether the challenge should have been 

granted.