# U ni te d S ta te s Co ur t of A pp ea ls

For the Eig hth Circu it

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No. 1 3- 29 81

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Uni te d S ta te s o f Am eri ca

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Pla in ti

ff - App el le e

v.

Darre ll Geor ge Tay lo r

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Defe nd

an t - Ap pe ll an t

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App eal fro m

Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co ur t fo r th e Eas te rn Dis tri ct of M is so ur i - St . Lou is

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Su bm it te d: Marc h 1 4, 2 01 4
Fi le d: Marc h 2 0, 2 01 4

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Befo re WOL LMAN, MURPHY, an d GRUENDER, Ci rcu it Ju dg es

.

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MURP HY, Circ ui t J ud ge

.

Darre ll Ta yl or ap pe al s th e se nt en ce im po se d by th e di st ric t co ur t on th e 1

rev oc at io n of hi s se co nd pe r i o d o f s up erv is ed rel eas e. Alt ho ug h hi s at to rn ey

co nc ed ed hi s vi ol at io ns of th e co nd it io ns of su pe rv is ed rel eas e in hi s pr es en ce, Tay lo r

The Hon or ab le E. Rich ard W eb be r, Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t J ud ge for th e 1

East ern Dis tri ct of M is so ur i.arg ue s th at th e di st ric t co ur t co m m it te d pl ai n erro r by no t as ki ng hi m pe rs on al ly

whe th er he co nc ed ed th e vi ol at io ns

. Tay l o r a l s o ap pe al s th e su bs ta nt iv e

reas on ab le ne ss of h is sen te nc e. W e affi rm

.

I.

Tay lo r pl ed gu il ty in 20 07 to po ss es si on wit h th e in te nt to di st rib ut e m or e th an

f i v e g r a ms of co cai ne ba se in vi ol at io n of 21 U.S.C. § 84 1( a)(1 ). On Ja nu ary 1 7

, 20 08 th e di st ric t co ur t se nt en ced hi m to 60 m on th s im pr is on m en t an d fo ur y ears of

su pe rv is ed rel eas e. His fir st te rm of su pe rv is ed rel eas e b eg an on May 13, 2 01 1. In

th e fo ll owi ng y ear he was arre st e d f o r us e of a co nt ro ll ed su bs ta nc e an d fai lu re to

m ai nt ai n co nt act wit h hi s pr ob a ti on of fic er. At bo th hi s pr el im in ary an d fin al

rev oc at io n pr oc eed in gs , Tay lo r waiv ed hi s rig ht to a fu ll he ari ng an d ad m it te d th e
ch arg ed vi ol at io ns

. He was se nt en ced to 6 m on th s of im pr is on m en t an d an ad di ti on al

18 m on th s o f su pe rv is ed rel eas e.

Tay lo r be ga n h i s se co nd te rm of su pe rv is ed rel eas e on May 29

, 20 13

. Two

da y s la te r on Ju ne 1, St

. Lou is po li ce res po nd ed to an al le ge d as sa ul t on hi s gi rlf rie nd

. As su bs eq ue nt ly al le ge d in th e pe ti ti on to rev ok e hi s su pe rv is ed rel eas e, Tay lo r ha d

pu nc he d hi s gi rlf

rie nd i n t h e f

a ce whi le rid in g in a car, pu ll ed he r by th e ha ir an d

sl am m ed he r face in to th e da sh bo ard

. W he n t he y were u na bl e to lo cat e Tay lo r, th e

St

. Lou is po li ce c o n t a c t ed th e Crev e Co eu r de pa rtment. Offi cers fro m th at

de pa rtment wen t to Tay lo r's res id en ce whe re th ey sa w th at hi s gi rlf rie nd ha d in

juri es

on he r face an d bl oo d st ai ns on he r cl ot hi ng

. Sh e la te r to ld po li ce th at Tay lo r ha d

rep eat ed ly pu nc he d he r in th e face

, dr iv en he r he ad on to th e flo or , an d ki ck ed he r in

th e he ad

. Tay lo r refu se d rep eat ed or de rs by th e po li ce to st an d up whe n th ey arre st ed

hi m an d th e of

fic ers ha d to li ft hi m in to a st an di ng po si ti on

. Tay lo r was th en ch arg ed
by the Cit y

of C rev e Co eu r wit h d om es ti c as sa ul t an d re si st in g a rres t.

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-On Ju ly 26

, 20 13 th e fed eral di st ric t cou rt is su ed a warra nt fo r Tay lo r's arre st

whi ch was ex ecu te d on Aug us t 5. Tay lo r was ch arg ed wit h m ul ti pl e vi ol at io ns of hi s

supe rv ise d re le as e in cl ud in g a de li nq ue nt m on th ly su pe rv is io n rep or t, fai lu re to no ti fy

hi s pr ob at io n of

fic er wit hi n 72 ho ur s of hi s arre st on Ju ne 1, an d fai lu re to at te nd

req ui red su bs ta nc e ab us e te st in g in Ju ne an d Ju ly. Tay lo r pl ed no t gu il ty at hi s

pr el im in ary rev oc at io n he ari ng be fo re a m ag is tra te jud ge on Aug us t 7. His pr ob at io n

of fic er te st if

i e d i n s up po rt of th e pe ti ti on to rev ok e, an d th e m ag is tra te jud ge se t a

fin al rev oc at io n h eari ng be fo re t he di st ric t co ur t o n Au gu st 22

.

A t t he fin al rev oc at io n he ari ng th e di st ric t co ur t su m m ari zed th e vi ol at io n

al le ga ti on s , an d Tay lo r's at to rn ey in fo rm ed th e co ur t th at hi s cl ie nt ad m it te d al l th e
ch arg ed vi ol at io ns ot he r th an d o mest ic as sa ul t. Neit he r th e go ve rn m en t no r th e
de fen se of

fere d a ny evi de nc e. The c ou rt i nv it ed Tay lo r to sp eak an d in fo rm ed hi m

th at he was free "t o ad dr es s an y of th e is su es ab ou t" th e fo ur ch arg ed vi ol at io ns of hi s
rel eas e c o n d i t i o n s

. The co ur t st at ed th at th es e were th e on ly ch arg es be fo re it an d

read y fo r co ns id erat io n. It warn ed Ta yl or th at he "s ho ul d sa y no th in g ab ou t th e

al le ga ti on s con cern in g ass au lt ." Tay lo r th en ad dr es se d th e co ur t an d req ue st ed th at

he ha ve a ch an ce to m ov e fo rward wit h hi s li fe. He al so s t a t e d th at he ha d be en

at te nd in g hi s co ur t or de red an ge r m an ag em en t cl as se s an d was "o pe n an d wil li ng to

at te nd an y

m or e cl as se s" th e co ur t m ig ht vi ew as he lp fu l.

Tay lo r's gu id el in e ran ge was cal cu la te d at 5 to 11 m on th s, an d th e di st ric t co ur t

se nt en ced hi m to 10 m on th s im pr is on m en t to be fo ll owe d by 13 m on th s of su pe rv is ed

rel eas e. The co ur t al so or de red do m es ti c vi ol en ce co un se li n g an d co nt in ue d an ge r

m an ag em en t tre at m e n t

. Tay lo r no w ap pe al s an d arg ue s th at th e di st ric t co ur t

co m m it te d pl ai n erro r by no t as ki ng hi m di rect ly whe th er he ad m it te d th e vi ol at io ns

of hi s rel eas e. He al so ap pe al s hi s 10 m on th se nt en ce as su bs ta nt iv el y un reas on ab le

.

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-II.

B efo re a su pe rv is ed rel eas e m ay be rev ok ed

, a de fen da nt ha s a rig ht t o a

rev oc at io n he ari ng

. Fed

. R. Cri m

. P. 32 .1(b ). Thi s rig ht m ay be waiv ed

, bu t to be

effe ct iv e a waiv er m

us t be kn owi ng ly an d vo lu nt ari ly m ad e. Uni te d St at es v. Co rrea

Torr es , 32 6 F.3 d 18

, 22 (1 st Ci r. 20 03 ). Tay lo r co nt en ds th at th e di st ric t co ur t erre d

b y r ev ok in g hi s su pe rv is ed rel eas e wit ho ut hi s di rect ad m is si on to th e ch a r g e d

vi ol at io ns of th e co nd it io ns of rel eas e. Si nc e Tay lo r fai le d to rai se su ch an ob jecti on
be fo re th e di st ric t co ur t, ou r rev ie w is fo r pl ai n erro r. Uni te d St at es v. Tay lo r, 67 9

F.3 d 1 00 5, 1 00 7 (8 th Cir . 20 12 ). Ta y lo r m us t th eref or e sh ow th at th e di st ric t co ur t

co m m it te d an erro r th at was pl ai n an d th at affe ct ed hi s su bs ta nt ia l rig ht s. Id

. W e m ay

on ly ex erci se ou r di sc ret io n to co rrec t a pl ai n erro r if th e erro r "s eri ou sl y affe ct s th e

fai rn es s, in te gr it y , or pu bl ic rep ut at io n o f ju d i ci al pr oc eed in gs ." Id

. (q uo ta ti on

om it te d.)

The req ui rem en ts fo r acce pt an ce of gu il ty pl eas un de r Fe de ral Ru le of Cri m in al

Pro ced ur e Ru le 11 do no t ap pl y at rev oc at io n he ari ng s. See Uni te d St at es v. Rap ert

, 81 3 F

. 2 d 1 8 2 (8 th Ci r. 19 87 ). Accep ti ng a gu il ty pl ea req ui res an affi rm at iv e
sh owi ng th at th e pl ea is in te ll ig en t an d vo lu nt ary. Bo y ki n v. Alab am a, 39 5 U.S. 23 8,

24 2 (1 96 9)

. W e co nc lu de d in Rap ert th at "ad m it ti ng to pr ob at io n vi ol at io ns at a

rev oc at io n he ari ng is no t th e eq ui va le nt of pl ead in g gu il ty to a cri m e" an d th eref or e

Ru le 11 an d t he req ui rem en ts in Bo y ki n d o n ot ap pl y . 81 3 F .2d at 1 85

.

O th er ci rcu it co ur ts ha ve al so de cl in ed to req ui re an affi rm in g co ll o q u y a t

rev oc at io n he ari ng s li ke th e on e Tay lo r se e k s h e r e

. In Uni te d St at es v. Tap ia

Esca le ra, 35 6 F.3 d 18 1, 18 4 (1 st Ci r. 20 04 ), th e de fen da nt was to ld of hi s pr oc ed ur al
rig ht s at a pr el i mi n a r y h e ari ng an d de fen se co un se l ad m it te d to th e ch arg es in th e
de fen da nt 's pr es en ce, an d th e de fen da nt fai le d to ob ject to th e ad m is si on s. Id

. As in

th e cas e no w be fo re ou r co ur t, th e de fen da nt ha d al so be en th ro ug h a pr io r rev oc at io n
he ari ng an d was fam il ia r wit h hi s pr o c e d u r a l r i g h ts

. Id

. In li gh t of th es e

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-ci rcu m st an ces th e Fi rs t Ci rcu it co nc lu de d th at th e de fen da nt 's waiv er was kn owi ng

an d v ol un ta ry . Id. The Fo ur th Cir cu it ha s al so co nc lu de d th at a waiv er is k no win g

an d vo lu nt ary whe n a de f e n d a n t 's co un se l ha s ad m it te d to vi ol at io ns in th e
de fen da nt 's pr es en ce an d th e de fen da nt as ks fo r le ni en cy , b u t fai ls to ob ject to th e

at to rn ey 's adm is si on s. Uni te d Stat es v. Farrel l, 39 3 F.3d 49 8, 50 0 (4t h C ir. 2 00 4)

.

Alt ho ug h Tay lo r co nc ed es th at th e fact or s whi ch le d th e Fi rs t Ci rcu it to

co nc lu de th at a waiv er was kn owi ng an d vo lu nt ary in Tap ia -Esc al era are al so pr es en t

he re, h e arg ue s th at a pe rs on al co ll oq uy was req ui red to en su re no t on ly th at hi s
waiv er was kn owi ng an d vo lu nt ary, bu t al so th at it ha d be en m ad e wit h th e effe ct iv e

as si st an ce of co un s e l

. Tay lo r co nt en ds th at a m or e po in te d co ll oq uy wou ld ha ve

in fo rm ed th e di st ric t co ur t th at hi s at to rn ey ha d m is le d hi m , bu t at th is st ag e he do es

no t rai se an in effe ct iv e as si st an ce cl ai m

. Su ch cl ai m s no rm al ly in vo lv e fact s ou ts id e

th e reco rd an d are th us "m or e ap pr op ria te ly rai se d in co ll at eral pr oc eed in gs ." Uni te d

St at es v. Ma rti n, 5 9 F .3d 76 7 7 71 (8t h C ir. 1 99 5)

.

W hi le it wou ld ha ve "s im

pl ifi ed m at te rs " if th e di st ric t co ur t ha d di rect ly ask ed
Tay lo r if he ad m i t t e d th e vi ol at io ns , Tap ia -Esc al era, 35 6 F.3 d at 18 4, th e co ur t di d

affo rd Tay lo r an op po rtu ni ty to sp eak aft er hi s at to rn ey ha d co nc ed ed th em an d as ke d

if Tay lo r wan te d "t o ad dr es s an y of th e is su es ab ou t" th e fo ur vi ol at io ns of hi s rel eas e

co nd it io ns . Ta y lo r so ug ht le ni en cy in st ead an d v oi ced no ob jecti on to hi s co un se l's

ad m is si on s. On th is reco rd we co nc lu de th at th e di st ric t co ur t di d no t err in rev ok in g Tay lo r's su pe rv is ed rel eas e.

Tay lo r al so co nt en ds th at th e di st ric t co ur t's im po si ti on of a 10 m on th se nt en ce

was su bs ta nt iv el y

un reas on ab le . W hi le Tay lo r ack no wled ge s th at th e d is tri ct co ur t

ex pl ic it ly st at e d t h e a s s a ul t al le ga ti on s were no t be fo re it an d th at it co ul d no t

co ns id er th os e a l l eg at io ns , he cl ai m s th at th e co ur t ga ve im pr op er weig ht to th em
be cau se it im

po se d rel eas e co nd it io ns rel at ed to do m es ti c vi ol en ce an d an ge r

m an ag em en t co un se li ng

.

-5

-W e rev ie w th e su bs ta n t i v e r eas on ab le ne ss of a rev oc at io n se nt en ce un de r a

de f e r e n t i a l ab us e of di sc ret io n st an da rd

, an d we m ay ap pl y a pr es um pt io n of

reas on ab le ne ss to se nt en ces wit hi n th e gu id el in e ran ge

. Uni te d St at es v. Feem st er,

57 2 F.3 d 45 5, 46 0– 61 (8 th C i r

. 20 09 ) (en ba nc ). Tay lo r's gu id el in e ran ge was 5 to

11 m on th s, an d we th eref or e m ay pr es um e hi s 10 m on th se nt en ce was su bs ta nt iv el y

reas on ab le

. See id

. Pri or to hi s se nt en ci ng , Tay lo r in fo rm ed th e c ou rt th at he ha d

be en at te nd in g hi s an ge r m an ag em en t cl as se s an d was wil li ng to at te nd ot he r co ur se s

t h a t th e co ur t vi ewed as he lp fu l. Tay lo r's gi rlf rie nd ha d st at ed in an e a r l i e r

pr es en te nc e in ve st ig at io n r e p o rt th at he ha d as sa ul te d he r an d ha d be en arre st ed by

St

. Lou is p o li ce. Su ch fact s rel at e to th e hi st or y an d ch arac te ris ti cs of a de fen da nt

an d are th eref

or e pr op er fact or s fo r th e di st ric t co ur t to co ns id er in im po si ng a

se nt en ce, 1 8 U.S.C. § 35 53 (a). W e co nc lu de th at th e di st ric t cou rt di d no t abu se it s
di sc ret io n i n i m

po si ng a reas on ab le sen te nc e fo r Tay lo r's vi ol at io n.

Fo r th es e rea so ns we affi rm th e jud gm en t o f th e d is tri ct co ur t.

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