# Patent

## Title
Projector assisted alignment and printing

## Abstract

A flexible manufacturing system for an article of footwear includes a printing system for printing graphics onto the footwear. The flexible manufacturing system also includes a projection system for aligning a projected graphic with a predetermined portion of the article prior to printing the graphic to the article. The graphic can include a masked portion that corresponds to a design element on the article.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is related to Miller, U.S. Pat. No. 8,978,551, titled “Projection Assisted Printer Alignment Using Remote Device,” the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND
The present embodiments relate generally to articles of footwear and in particular to a flexible manufacturing system for an article of footwear.
SUMMARY
In one aspect, the embodiments provide a method of calibrating an article flexible manufacturing system that includes receiving information related to a test graphic. The method also includes printing a printed graphic on a sheet using a printing system, where the printed graphic corresponds to the test graphic. The method also includes projecting a projected graphic onto the sheet using a projection system, where the projected graphic also corresponds to the test graphic. The method also includes adjusting the projection system until the projected graphic is aligned with the printed graphic in order to calibrate the projection system with the printing system.
In another aspect, the embodiments provide a method of customizing an article including receiving information related to a computer graphic. The method also includes associating the article with a projection system and projecting a projected graphic onto the article using the projection system, where the projected graphic corresponds to the computer graphic. The method also includes aligning the projected graphic with the article so that the projected graphic is disposed in a predetermined portion of the article. The method also includes associating the article with a printing system and printing a printed graphic onto the predetermined portion of the article.
In another aspect, the embodiments provide a method of customizing an article that includes creating a computer graphic including a masked portion. The method also includes printing a printed graphic onto a predetermined portion of the article, where the printed graphic corresponds to the computer graphic and where the masked portion corresponds to a region where no ink is printed in the predetermined portion.
In another aspect, a method of printing onto to an article includes aligning a graphic on the article while the article and a printing system are in a first relative configuration. The method also includes changing the relative configuration of the article and the printing system from the first relative configuration to a second relative configuration, where the second relative configuration is substantially different from the first relative configuration. The method also includes printing a printed graphic onto the article while the article and the printing system are in the second relative configuration.
In another aspect, a method of printing a functional element onto an article includes aligning an image of a functional element on the article while the article and a printing system are in a first relative configuration. The method also includes changing the relative configuration of the article and the printing system from the first relative configuration to a second relative configuration, where the second relative configuration is substantially different from the first relative configuration. The method also includes printing a functional element onto the article while the article and the printing system are in the second relative configuration.
Other systems, methods, features and advantages of the embodiments will be, or will become, apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description and this summary, be within the scope of the embodiments, and be protected by the following claims.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The embodiments can be better understood with reference to the following drawings and description. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the embodiments. Moreover, in the figures, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the different views.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a flexible manufacturing system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a process for customizing an article according to one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a flexible manufacturing system, including a step of printing a test grid;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a flexible manufacturing system, including a step of moving a platform to a display ready position;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a flexible manufacturing system, including a step of projecting a test grid onto the printed grid;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a flexible manufacturing system, including a step of adjusting the position of the projection system to align the projected test grid with the printed test grid;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a computer graphic that has been designed to be printed onto an article of footwear;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a step of projecting a projected graphic onto an article of footwear;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a step of aligning a projected graphic onto a predetermined portion of an article of footwear;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a step of moving a platform from a display ready position to a print ready position;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a step of printing a graphic onto an article;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an embodiment in which an article includes a recently printed graphic;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a flexible manufacturing system;
FIG. 14 is a schematic side view of the flexible manufacturing system of FIG. 13;
FIG. 15 is a schematic isometric view of another embodiment of a flexible manufacturing system with a printer in a first position;
FIG. 16 is a schematic isometric view the flexible manufacturing system of FIG. 15 in which the printer is in a second position;
FIG. 17 is a schematic isometric view of an embodiment of a flexible manufacturing system including a display device for aligning images or graphics with an article;
FIG. 18 is a schematic isometric view of the flexible manufacturing system of FIG. 17, in which a logo graphic is displayed on the display device;
FIG. 19 is a schematic isometric view of the flexible manufacturing system of FIG. 17, in which the display device is associated with posts of a platform;
FIG. 20 is a schematic isometric view of the flexible manufacturing system of FIG. 17, in which the display device is mounted over a platform;
FIG. 21 is a schematic top down view of a display device and an article beneath the display device, in which a logo graphic is displayed on the display device;
FIG. 22 is a schematic top down view of the display device and article of FIG. 21, in which the article is moved under the display screen to align the logo graphic with the article;
FIG. 23 is a schematic top view of a display device and an article beneath the display device, in which a user adjusts the position of a logo graphic in order to align the graphic with the article;
FIG. 24 is a schematic isometric view of an embodiment of a flexible manufacturing system, in which a display device is removed from a platform;
FIG. 25 is a schematic isometric view of the flexible manufacturing system of FIG. 24, in which a printing system is moved into a position for printing onto an article;
FIG. 26 is a schematic isometric view of the flexible manufacturing system of FIG. 24, in which a graphic has been printed onto an article;
FIG. 27 is a schematic isometric view of an embodiment of a flexible manufacturing system including a variety of different items that can be used with the system;
FIG. 28 is a top down schematic view of an embodiment of a display device, an article beneath the display device and two functional elements displayed on a display device;
FIG. 29 is a schematic top down view of the components of FIG. 28, in which the functional elements have been aligned over corresponding portions of the article;
FIG. 30 is a schematic isometric view of a printing system in position to print functional elements onto an article; and
FIG. 31 is a schematic isometric view of an article with functional elements that have been applied using a flexible manufacturing system.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of flexible manufacturing system 100. In some embodiments, flexible manufacturing system 100 may be intended for use with various kinds of articles including footwear and/or apparel. In particular, flexible manufacturing system 100 may include various kinds of provisions for applying graphics, or any type of design or image, to footwear and/or apparel. Moreover, the process of applying graphics may occur during manufacturing and/or after an article has been manufactured. For example, graphics may be applied to an article of footwear after the article of footwear has been manufactured into a three-dimensional form including an upper and sole structure.
The term “graphic” as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims refers to any visual design elements including, but not limited to: photos, logos, text, illustrations, lines, shapes, images of various kinds as well as any combinations of these elements. Moreover, the term graphic is not intended to be limiting and could incorporate any number of contiguous or non-contiguous visual features. For example, in one embodiment, a graphic may comprise a logo that is applied to a small region of an article of footwear. In another embodiment, a graphic may comprise a large region of color that is applied over one or more regions of an article of footwear.
For clarity, the following detailed description discusses an exemplary embodiment, in which flexible manufacturing system 100 is used to apply graphics to article of footwear 102. In this case, article of footwear 102, or simply article 102, may take the form of an athletic shoe, such as a running shoe. However, it should be noted that the other embodiments could be used with any other kinds footwear including, but not limited to: hiking boots, soccer shoes, football shoes, sneakers, rugby shoes, basketball shoes, baseball shoes as well as other kinds of shoes. While FIG. 1 shows a single article, it will be understood that flexible manufacturing system 100 could be used to apply graphics to two or more articles, including articles that make up a pair of footwear.
Flexible manufacturing system 100 need not be limited to use with articles of footwear and the principles taught throughout this detailed description may be applied to additional articles as well. Generally, these principles could be applied to any article that may be worn. In some embodiments, the article may include one or more articulated portions that are configured to move. In other cases, the article may be configured to conform to portions of a wearer in a three-dimensional manner. Examples of articles that are configured to be worn include, but are not limited to: footwear, gloves, shirts, pants, socks, scarves, hats, jackets, as well as other articles. Other examples of articles include, but are not limited to: shin guards, knee pads, elbow pads, shoulder pads, as well as any other type of protective equipment. Additionally, in some embodiments, the article could be another type of article that is not configured to be worn, including, but not limited to: balls, bags, purses, backpacks, as well as other articles that may not be worn.
Flexible manufacturing system 100 may comprise various provisions that are useful in applying a graphic directly to an article. In some embodiments, flexible manufacturing system 100 may include printing system 104. Printing system 104 may comprise one or more individual printers. Although a single printer is illustrated in FIG. 1, other embodiments could incorporate two or more printers that may be networked together.
Printing system 104 may utilize various types of printing techniques. These can include, but are not limited to: toner-based printing, liquid inkjet printing, solid ink printing, dye-sublimation printing, inkless printing (including thermal printing and UV printing), MEMS jet printing technologies as well as any other methods of printing. In some cases, printing system 104 may make use of a combination of two or more different printing techniques. The type of printing technique used may vary according to factors including, but not limited to: material of the target article, size and/or geometry of the target article, desired properties of the printed image (such as durability, color, ink density, etc.) as well as printing speed, printing costs and maintenance requirements.
In one embodiment, printing system 104 may utilize an inkjet printer in which ink droplets may be sprayed onto a substrate, such as the medial or lateral side panel of a formed upper. Using an inkjet printer allows for easy variation in color and ink density. This arrangement also allows for some separation between the printer head and the target object, which can facilitate printing directly to objects with some curvature and/or surface texture.
Flexible manufacturing system 100 can include provisions for facilitating the alignment of a printed graphic onto article 102. In some embodiments, it may be useful to provide a user with a way of aligning an article with a printing system so as to ensure a graphic is printed in the desired portion of the article. In particular, flexible manufacturing system 100 may include provisions for pre-aligning an article with a printer in such a way as to accommodate articles of various types, shapes and sizes.
In some embodiments, flexible manufacturing system 100 may include alignment system 112. Alignment system 112 may be seen to further comprise a projection system 114 and a transfer system 120. In some embodiments, projection system 114 comprises one or more projectors that are capable of displaying images onto one or more portions of an article. Although a single projector is shown in the current embodiment, other embodiments may include two or more projectors. In embodiments where two or more projectors are used, the projectors may operate cooperatively or independently to display one or more graphics onto the surface of an article. Furthermore, as discussed in further detail below, a projection system could incorporate additional provisions including, for example, mirrors, various kinds of lenses, screens for displaying images as well as any other provisions that may be required to generate and display a projected image.
Various kinds of projectors can be used and it will be understood that projection system 114 is not limited to a particular kind of projection technology. Examples of different projector technologies that can be used with projection system 114 include, but are not limited to: CRT projection, LCD projection, DLP projection, LCoS projection, LED projection, Hybrid LED projection, Laser diode projection as well as any other kinds of projection technologies. The type of projection technology used may be selected according to various factors including ease of use, compatibility with other systems, visual clarity of the displayed image on the surface of an article as well as any other factors or constraints associated with the operation of flexible manufacturing system 100.
Some embodiments can include provisions for supporting projection system 114. In some embodiments, support frame 116 is provided. Support frame 116 may comprise any kind of frame and may further include provisions for temporarily fixing the position of projection system 114 in place with respect to flexible manufacturing system 100. In some cases, support frame 116 includes features that allow the position of projection system 114 to be easily adjusted. In particular, some embodiments may allow the position of projection system 114 to be changed in horizontal and vertical directions. This could be accomplished in some cases by adjusting the position of support frame 116 and/or by adjusting the location to which projection system 114 is attached to support frame 116. Although the attachment of projection system 114 to support frame 116 is shown schematically in this embodiment, other embodiments could utilize any type of mounting systems for permanently or adjustable mounting projection system 114 to support frame 116.
Transfer system 120 may comprise one or more cooperating systems that facilitate the movement of an article between printing system 104 and projection system 114. In some embodiments, transfer system 120 may be designed so that once a projected graphic has been aligned in the desired location on an article, the article can be transferred to printing system 104 in a manner that maintains the desired alignment. Details of this alignment method are discussed in further detail below.
In one embodiment, transfer system 120 can include platform 122 and tracks 124. In some embodiments, platform 122 is a generally planar structure that is adapted to hold one or more articles of footwear and/or other kinds of apparel. Specifically, platform 122 may be large enough to accommodate at least one article of footwear such that the article of footwear can be moved to different locations of platform 122.
In some embodiments, tracks 124 are adapted to guide platform 122 between at least two predetermined positions associated with printing system 104 and projection system 114, respectively. In FIG. 1, tracks 124 are illustrated as being independently supported, however other embodiments could utilize a supporting table to which tracks 124 are mounted.
With platform 122 mounted to tracks 124 in a slidable manner, platform 122 may be easily adjusted between a first, or display ready, position and a second, or print ready, position. Moreover, some embodiments can include provisions for temporarily locking the position of platform 122 in the first position and/or second position. By transferring an article between projection system 114 and printing system 104 using transfer system 120, the orientation and relative position of the article can be held constant, as discussed in further detail below.
The current embodiment illustrates a transfer system 120 that can be operated manually by a user. However, it is contemplated that other embodiments could incorporate provisions for automating the operation of transfer system 120. For example, some embodiments could include motors and/or other provisions for automatically driving platform 122 to various positions along tracks 124. Moreover, in such automated embodiments, the position and/or speed of platform 122 could be adjusted using controls provided at transfer system 120 or using an associated system, such as computing system 106 which is discussed in further detail below.
In some embodiments, platform 122 may be specifically adapted to secure an article in a fixed position or orientation. For example, some embodiments may include various kinds of mounting devices, harnesses or other provisions that may temporarily fix or hold the position of an article relative to platform 122. Such provisions may help precisely orient a specific portion of an article towards a projector (and correspondingly towards a printer). For example, some embodiments could utilize a harness that fixes the orientation and position of an article on platform 122 so that a projected graphic can be projected onto any desired portion of the article of footwear. These provisions may also reduce the tendency of an article to move or jostle as the position of platform 122 is adjusted.
Flexible manufacturing system 100 may include provisions for supplying printing system 104 and/or projection system 114 with one or more graphics. In some embodiments, flexible manufacturing system 100 may include computing system 106. The term “computing system” refers to the computing resources of a single computer, a portion of the computing resources of a single computer, and/or two or more computers in communication with one another. Any of these resources can be operated by one or more users. In some cases, computing system 106 can include user input device 110 that allow a user to interact with computing system 106. Likewise, computing system 106 may include display 108. Moreover, computing system 106 can include additional provisions, such as a data storage device (not shown). A data storage device could include various means for storing data including, but not limited to: magnetic, optical, magneto-optical, and/or memory, including volatile memory and non-volatile memory. These provisions for computing system 106, as well as possibly other provisions not shown or described here, allow computing system 106 to facilitate the creation, storage and export of graphics to any or all of the devices and systems described here and shown in FIG. 1.
For purposes of facilitating communication between printing system 104, computing system 106, and/or projection system 114, these systems can be connected using a network of some kind. Examples of networks include, but are not limited to: local area networks (LANs), networks utilizing the Bluetooth protocol, packet switched networks (such as the Internet), various kinds of wired networks, wireless networks as well as any other kinds of networks. In other embodiments, rather than utilizing an external network, printing system 104 and/or projection system 114 could be connected directly to computing system 106, for example, as peripheral hardware devices.
FIG. 2 illustrates a process for adding a graphic to an article using flexible manufacturing system 100 described above. It will be understood that some embodiments could include additional steps not discuss here. In other embodiments one or more of the following steps may be optional. Furthermore, in some cases some of the following steps could be accomplished by different systems and/or users. For example, in some embodiments a calibration step may be performed by a first operator of the system, while alignment and printing could be performed by a second operator of the system.
During step 202, one or more calibration processes may be performed. In some embodiments, projection system 114 may be calibrated with printing system 104, relative to platform 122. In particular, projection system 114 may be calibrated in a manner so that the relative positions and orientations of graphics displayed onto platform 122 correspond substantially identically to the relative positions and orientations of graphics that are printed onto a substrate (such as paper) lying directly over platform 122.
Next, during step 204, a projected graphic is displayed on an article residing on platform 122. In this step, the relative position of the projected graphic on the article may be adjusted. In some cases, this could be achieved by moving the position and orientation of the article on platform 122 while keeping the position of the projected graphic fixed. In other cases, this could be achieved by adjusting the position of the projected graphic while keeping the position of the article fixed. Thus, for example, if the projected graphic is displayed at the heel of the article, but the user wants the graphic on the forefoot, the projected graphic can be moved until the projected graphic is aligned with the desired region of the article.
Finally, during step 206, once the display graphic has been properly aligned with the article, the article may be moved to the printing system 104. At this point, a printed graphic corresponding to the projected graphic can be printed onto the desired region of the article.
Flexible manufacturing system 100 may include provisions to calibrate one or more components. In some embodiments, flexible manufacturing system 100 can include provisions that calibrate the operation of printing system 104 and projection system 114. In particular, in some cases, projection system 114 may be calibrated so that the alignment of a projected graphic on an article using projection system 114 corresponds to a similar alignment of a printed graphic on the article using printing system 104. The term “projected graphic” as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims refers to any graphic that is produced by projection system 114. Furthermore, the term “printed graphic” as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims refers to any graphic that is produced by printing system 104.
Referring to FIG. 3, the calibration process starts when a printed graphic is printed to sheet 302. In this case, test grid 304 is printed onto sheet 302. Test grid 304 may comprise horizontal and vertical lines. The spacing, thickness and any other properties of these lines could be varied in different embodiments. Although the current embodiment uses a test grid, other embodiments could use any other kind of testing graphic, including any other pattern.
Next, as seen in FIG. 4, platform 122 may be moved from the print ready position to the display ready position. In order to facilitate proper calibration, the print ready position and the display ready position may be distinguished from any possible intermediate positions along tracks 124. In some embodiments, this may be accomplished by markings along tracks 124. In other embodiments, this may be accomplished using features that make the user aware that platform 122 is in either the print read or display read position, such as temporarily locking platform 122 in either position.
Once platform 122, which carries sheet 302 and printed test grid 304, has been moved to the display ready position, projection system 114 may be operated to project a projected graphic. In this case, projection system 114 may be operated to project test grid 308, as seen in FIG. 5. In some embodiments, both printed test grid 304 and the projected test grid 308 may be created from a single computer graphic, such as test graphic 310, that is generated by computing system 106. In other embodiments, however, printing system 104 and projection system 114 may each generate a test grid from locally stored information, rather than information received from computing system 106.
As seen in FIG. 5, printed test grid 304 and projected test grid 308 may not be initially aligned. In order to calibrate the operation of projection system 114 with printing system 104, projection system 114 may be modified until projected test grid 308 is substantially coincident with printed test grid 304. In some cases, this can be accomplished by adjusting the position of projection system 114 along support frame 116, as shown clearly in FIG. 6.
FIG. 6 shows an example where the projection system is adjusted until the projected graphic is aligned with the printed graphic. In this case, the horizontal position of projection system 114 may be adjusted to align displayed test grid 308 and printed test grid 310. However, other cases may include any other kind of movement, including repositioning projection system 114 in any of the usual x, y and z spatial directions. Moreover, some cases may include steps of adjusting the focus of projection system 114 to better align displayed test grid 308 with printed test grid 310. With the calibration process completed, projection system 114 may be properly registered to platform 122.
FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic view of an embodiment of a computer graphic 400 that may be applied to article 102. Computer graphic 400 could be stored using computing system 106. In some embodiments, computer graphic 400 may be retrieved from another source. In other embodiments, computer graphic 400 could be designed using software associated with computing system 106. In one embodiment, computer graphic 400 may be a custom designed image that may be applied to article 102 for the purposes of customizing article 102 to suit a particular customer or user.
In one embodiment, computer graphic 400 comprises several design elements including a border 402 and numbers 404. Furthermore, computer graphic 400 may be designed for application to predetermined portion 410 of upper 420. By applying computer graphic 400 to article 102 through printing, article 102 will be configured with a custom graphic.
A computer graphic can be designed with provisions to prevent overlap between a printed graphic and one or more features of an article. For example, some embodiments may utilize graphic templates that help mask one or more portions of a graphic. Such graphic templates could be created using information about the article, including, for example, design information. The masked portions may generally correspond to locations on an article where it may be undesirable to print, such as onto a piece of trim, or onto an existing graphic or image.
In some embodiments, computer graphic 400 can include masked portion 406. In some cases, masked portion 406 comprises a concave, or non-convex, portion of computer graphic 400. Masked portion 406 may be used to prevent printing onto trim element 412 of upper 420. As seen in FIG. 7, the geometry of masked portion 406 may approximately correspond with the geometry of rearward end portion 414 of trim element 412. For example, masked portion 406 may have an approximately triangular shape that coincides with the approximately triangular shape of rearward end portion 414.
FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate schematic views of a process of aligning a projected graphic 502 onto article 102. In some embodiments, the projected graphic 502 may be generated using information received about computer graphic 400. In some cases, for example, information about computer graphic 400 may be sent from computing system 106 to projection system 114.
Referring first to FIG. 8, initially projected graphic 502 may be disposed in a location adjacent to the predetermined region 410 where the user would like the graphic to be printed. In order to align projected graphic 502 in the proper location the position and/or orientation of projected graphic 502 may be adjusted. In some embodiments, the position of projected graphic 502 may vary as a user adjusts the position of computer graphic 400 on display 108. As seen by comparing the configurations of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the position of projected graphic 502 can be adjusted until it is properly aligned within predetermined portion 410. Moreover, in some cases, projected graphic 502 is aligned so that masked portion 406 substantially coincides with rearward end portion 414 of trim element 412. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the position of projected graphic 502 on article 102 could also be adjusted by moving article 102 on platform 122. In other words, the alignment of projected graphic 502 on article 102 may be accomplished by adjusting the relative positions of projected graphic 502 and article 102 in any manner.
FIGS. 10 through 12 illustrate a schematic view of a process of printing a graphic on an article following alignment with projection system 114. Referring to FIG. 10, platform 122 may be moved from the display ready position to the print ready position. In some cases, a user may manually adjust the position of platform 122 along tracks 124. In other cases, platform 122 may be automatically repositioned along tracks 124.
Referring to FIG. 11, platform 122 may be in the print ready position, in which article 102 is disposed beneath one or more print heads of printing system 104. At this point, printed graphic 602 (see FIG. 12) may be printed to predetermined portion 410. In some embodiments, printed graphic 602 corresponds to computer graphic 400. In some embodiments, printed graphic 602 may be generated using information about computer graphic 400 that is received from computing system 106. Finally, as seen in FIG. 12, printed graphic 602 has been printed in predetermined portion 410. Moreover, printed graphic 602 is positioned and oriented as to not overlap with trim element 412, as previously described.
A flexible manufacturing system can include provisions to increase usability of a system. In some embodiments, the arrangement of a printing system and a projecting system can be selected to improve usability, for example, by arranging the projecting system in a manner that increases focal length. Increasing focal length of the projection system may facilitate enhanced usability and accuracy of the system.
FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate schematic isometric and schematic side views, respectively, of another embodiment of a flexible manufacturing system 1300. Referring to FIGS. 13 and 14, flexible manufacturing system 1300 may be similar in some, but not all, respects to flexible manufacturing system 100 described above. In particular, flexible manufacturing system 1300 may include printing system 104, transfer system 120 and computing system 106. Furthermore, as with the previous embodiments, flexible manufacturing system 1300 may be configured for use with article of footwear 102.
In contrast to the previous embodiments, however, flexible manufacturing system 1300 provides a substantially different arrangement for projection system 1314. In one embodiment, projection system 1314 comprises projector 1316 that may be disposed above printing system 104. Additionally, in some embodiments, projection system 1314 also includes mirror 1318, which may be mounted to support frame 116 in some cases. Using this particular arrangement, light projected from projector 1316 is reflected at mirror 1318 down to platform 122.
The increased focal length provided in this particular embodiment may improve operation of flexible manufacturing system 1300. For example, the increased focal length for projection system 1314 allows for the projected image to be better aligned on platform 122 without the need to use vertical lens shift, which can decrease the sharpness of an image. Improving sharpness of a projected image or graphic may improve the accuracy of alignment between projection system 1314 and printing system 104. Furthermore, the focal length of the projection system is increased without increasing the overall dimensions of flexible manufacturing system 1300, whose maximum length may still be approximated by the distance between printing system 104 and platform 122 and whose maximum height may still be approximated by the height of support frame 116.
Although a particular relative position for projector 1316 and mirror 1318 are shown here, it should be understood that these relative positions could vary in any desired manner in other embodiments. For example, projection system 1314 could be disposed behind printing system 104. Additionally, the distance between projector 1316 and mirror 1318, as well as the distance between mirror 1318 and platform 122 could vary according to the desired focal length, for example.
A flexible manufacturing system can include provisions for limiting the movement of an article during the customization process. In some embodiments, the platform onto which an article is placed may not move. Instead, in some embodiments, a printing system may be configured to move between an inactive position and an active position as the flexible manufacturing system proceeds from an alignment stage to a printing stage.
FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate schematic views of another embodiment of a flexible manufacturing system 1500, in which a printing system is capable of moving to various positions. Referring to FIGS. 15 and 16, flexible manufacturing system 1500 includes base portion 1501 printing system 1504, alignment system 1512 and stationary platform 1520. Base portion 1501 may comprise a substantially flat surface for mounting one or more components of flexible manufacturing system 1500. Additionally, in some embodiments, stationary platform 1520 comprises a surface for receiving one or more articles. In some cases, stationary platform 1520 is fixed approximately in place on base portion 1501, in contrast to the movable platform 122 of the previous embodiments.
Flexible manufacturing system 1500 can also include a support frame 1516, which may be used to mount projection system 1514. In some cases, support frame 1516 could be attached directly to base portion 1501. In other cases, however, support frame 1516 may be independent of base portion 1501 and the position of support frame 1516 may be adjusted in relation to base portion 1501. Support frame 1516 may be further associated with mounting arm 1517 that extends outwardly from support frame 1516 and further supports mirror 1518. As seen in FIG. 15, this arrangement allows images projected from projection system 1514 to be projected onto stationary platform 1520 (and onto any objects and/or articles disposed on stationary platform 1520).
In some embodiments, printing system 1504 may be mounted to tracks 1530 of base portion 1501. In some cases, printing system 1504 is mounted in a movable manner to base portion 1501, so that printing system 1504 is capable of sliding along tracks 1530. This allows printing system 1504 to move between a first position (seen in FIG. 15) and a second position (seen in FIG. 16). In other words, in this embodiment, alignment of a graphic on an article may be done while printing system 1504 is in the first, or inactive, position. With printing system 1504 in this inactive position, printing system 1504 is disposed away from stationary platform 1520 and does not interfere with the projection of images by projection system 1514. Once the graphic alignment has been completed, printing system 1504 could be moved to the second, or active, position. In this active position, printing system 1504 may be disposed directly over stationary platform 1520 and may be configured to print a graphic onto an article that may be disposed on stationary platform 1520. In some cases, to help provide clearance for any article disposed on stationary platform 1520, printing system 1504 can be configured with printing bay portion 1550.
A flexible manufacturing system may include provisions for aligning graphics on an article in a manner that minimizes calibration requirements. In some embodiments, a flexible manufacturing system may include a transparent display device that can display graphics for alignment on an article.
FIGS. 17 and 18 illustrate schematic views of some components of a flexible manufacturing system 2600, also referred to simply as system 2600. Referring to FIGS. 17 and 18, system 2600 may include printing system 2602, computing system 2606 as well as additional provisions and features, some of which are discussed in further detail below. Additionally, system 2600 may include display device 2620 that communicates with computing system 2606 via a wired and/or wireless connection.
Display device 2620 may be further configured with an outer frame portion 2622 that houses a screen portion 2624. As seen in FIGS. 17 and 18, in some embodiments, screen portion 2624 is substantially transparent. This allows a viewer to see through screen portion 2624.
Display device 2620 may be further configured to display one or more graphics on screen portion 2624. In the current embodiment, for example, display device 2620 receives information from computing system 2606 and displays logo graphic 2630 in a central portion of screen portion 2624. This may allow a viewer to see various graphics superimposed over real-world objects (such as an article) when the objects are viewed through display device 2620. In particular, this arrangement allows a graphic to be superimposed, and therefore aligned, over an article, in order to align the image for printing. Details of this method are discussed in further detail below.
Display device 2620 may be any kind of device capable of displaying graphics and/or images. Generally, display device 2620 may utilize any display technology capable of displaying images on a transparent or semi-transparent screen. Some embodiments could make use of heads-up-display (HUD) technologies, which display images on a transparent screen using, for example, CRT images on a phosphor screen, optical waveguide technology, scanning lasers for displaying images on transparent screens as well as solid state technologies such as LEDs. Examples of solid state technologies that may be used with display device 2620 include, but are not limited to liquid crystal displays (LEDs), liquid crystal on silicon displays (LCoS), digital micro-mirrors (DMD) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The type of display technology used may be selected according to various factors such as display size, weight, cost, manufacturing constraints (such as space requirements), degree of transparency as well as possibly other factors.
Although some embodiments may use screens that are substantially transparent, other embodiments may use screens that are only partially transparent or translucent. The degree of transparency required may vary according to manufacturing considerations such as lighting conditions, manufacturing costs, and precision tolerances for alignment.
FIGS. 19 and 20 illustrate schematic isometric views of flexible manufacturing system 2600, which further highlight the attachment of display device 2620 with other components of system 2600. Referring first to FIG. 19, base portion 2700 of system 2600 may include platform 2710 that is configured to receive an article 2720 for alignment and printing. In order to superimpose a graphic over article 2720, system 2600 is configured with provisions for mounting display device 2620 at a predetermined height above platform 2710. In particular, platform 2710 is further associated with one or more mounting posts including, for example, a first mounting post 2731, a second mounting post 2732 a third mounting post 2733 and a fourth mounting post 2734. Each mounting post may be configured to engage corresponding recesses in display device 2620. In particular, for example, first mounting post 2731, second mounting post 2732, third mounting post 2733 and fourth mounting post 2734 may be associated with, and inserted into, first recess 2741, second recess 2742, third recess 2743 and fourth recess 2744, respectively, of outer frame portion 2622. This arrangement allows display device 2620 to be mounted over platform 2710, as shown in FIG. 20, so that a graphic displayed on screen portion 2624 may be superimposed over article 2720.
Although the current embodiment illustrates four posts for attaching and aligning display device 2620 with platform 2710, other embodiments could include any other number of mounting posts as well as any other kind of mounting structures. Moreover, in some embodiments supporting features may be used in conjunction with separate alignment features. For example, some embodiments could use four posts for supporting display screen 2620, and two or more alignment pins that ensure that display screen 2620 is properly aligned over platform 2710.
In order to ensure that a printer can associate with a surface of an article, a display device can be removably fastened or mounted to base portion 2700. In one embodiment, for example, display device 2620 is configured to rest on mounting posts or other support structures in a manner that restricts horizontal movement but allows for display device 2620 to be easily lifted off the mounting posts or support structures. In other embodiments, display device 2620 could include fastening systems for temporarily securing display device 2620 to base portion 2700.
FIGS. 21 through 23 illustrate various methods for aligning a graphic on an article. Referring first to FIGS. 21 and 22, in some embodiments graphic 2800 may be displayed on a fixed location of display device 2620. In this case, to align graphic 2800 over the desired location of article 2720, a user may move the position of article 2720 to achieve the desired alignment between graphic 2800 and article 2720. Thus for example, a user can slide article 2720 into the desired relative position as seen in FIG. 22 in order to achieve the desired alignment.
In still other embodiments, the position of graphic 2800 may be adjusted in order to achieve the desired alignment. For example, FIG. 23 illustrates a situation where article 2720 stays in place while graphic 2900 is translated across screen portion 2624. The position of graphic 2900 may be changed using any desired technology, including, for example, touch-screen technology. In other words, in some cases a user may touch graphic 2900 on display device 2620 and slide graphic 2900 into the desired location for alignment with article 2720. In other embodiments, a user could adjust the relative location of graphic 2900 on display device 2620 using computing device 2602 (see FIG. 20), a remote device or any other method known for controlling the positions of graphics on a display.
FIGS. 24 through 26 illustrate further steps in the process of applying a graphic to an article, once the graphic has been aligned in a desired location on the article using the methods described above. Referring now to FIGS. 24 through 26, with the desired alignment achieved between graphic 2900 (see FIG. 23) and article 2720, a user can separate display device 2620 from base portion 2700. In some cases, display device 2620 may be lifted from its engagement with one or more posts or similar mounting provisions, as seen in FIG. 24. Next, as seen in FIG. 25, printing system 2602 may be moved to a position over platform 2710 and article 2720. Printing system 2602 may be calibrated with display device 2620 so that printing system 2602 is configured to print graphic 2900 at the same location over article 2720 which graphic 2900 was displayed using display device 2620. As seen in FIG. 26, graphic 2900 has been printed at the desired location on article 2720 using printing system 2602.
As discussed above, display device 2620 and printing system 2602 may be calibrated prior to aligning and printing a graphic to an article. In one possible method of calibration, printing system 2602 could print a test graphic, such as an alignment grid or other pattern, onto a sheet of paper positioned on platform 2710 or onto a test panel temporarily installed on mounting posts to achieve the same relative height between printing system 2602 and display device 2620. The printed test pattern could then be placed directly under display device 2620 so that the position of an identical test graphic could be superimposed and repositioned until the two test graphics coincide.
The embodiments discussed here and shown in FIGS. 17 through 26, for example, may be generally characterized as methods and systems for aligning images or graphics with an article prior to printing to the article. For example, the method generally involves of aligning a graphic on the article while the article and a printing system are in a first relative configuration. As seen for example in FIG. 20, such a first relative configuration may be on where printing system 2602 cannot print onto article 2720, since printing system 2720 is not in a print-ready state (i.e., printing system 2720 is no disposed over article 2720). The method further involves changing the relative configuration of the article and the printing system from the first relative configuration to a second relative configuration, where the second relative configuration is substantially different from the first relative configuration. In this case, the second relative configuration is one where printing system 2602 can print onto article 2720, as printing system 2602 is in a print ready position (i.e., disposed over article 2720 and platform 2710). Moreover, the methods described here generally include printing a printed graphic onto the article while the article and the printing system are in the second relative configuration and/or the print ready configuration.
As already discussed, the flexible manufacturing system described here for printing graphics to articles may be used with any kind of articles or objects and in particular the method and systems described here are not limited to use with articles of footwear and/or apparel. FIG. 27 illustrates a schematic view of a flexible manufacturing system 3000 that can be used to print graphics directly to various kinds of objects, including, for example, an article of footwear 3002, a laptop computing device 3004, a bat 3006, a glove 3008 and a softball 3010. Furthermore, as previously stated the flexible manufacturing system may be used with articles that are configured to be worn include, but are not limited to: footwear, gloves, shirts, pants, socks, scarves, hats, jackets, as well as other articles. Other examples of articles include, but are not limited to: shin guards, knee pads, elbow pads, shoulder pads, as well as any other type of protective equipment. Additionally, in some embodiments, the flexible manufacturing system could be used with balls, bags, purses, backpacks, luggage, computers (including laptops, tablet computers and smartphone devices), cell phones, as well as other electronic devices and hard goods. Other examples of articles could include various sporting equipment including, for example, protective gear (shin guards, wrist guards, knee pads, elbow pads, etc.), balls (baseballs, softballs, basketballs, soccer balls, footballs, golf balls, etc.) as well as any other kinds of sporting equipment.
It should be further understood that the processes and systems described here are not limited to applications of graphics or other decorative elements. In particular, some embodiments may be configured to apply functional elements through known printing processes for constructing functional elements on articles or other components. As one possible example of a situation where functional elements can be printed to an article using a flexible manufacturing system, FIGS. 28 through 31 illustrate an embodiment in which two distinct functional elements are aligned with desired regions of an article and printed onto the article.
Referring now to FIGS. 28 and 31, first functional graphical element 3102 and second functional graphic element 3104 may be displayed on display device 2620, for the purposes of superimposing element 3102 and element 3104 over article 3110. As seen in FIG. 29, the position of article 3110 may be adjusted so that first functional graphic element 3102 and second functional graphic element 3104 are aligned over the desired regions or locations of article 3110. Once the desired alignment has been achieved, first functional graphic element 3102 and second functional graphic element 3104 can be printed onto article 3110 using printing system 2602, as seen in FIG. 30. The resulting article includes first functional printed element 3202 and second functional printed element 3204, as seen in FIG. 31. In this exemplary embodiment, first functional printed element 3202 comprises a plurality of hemispheric portions 3210 emerging from a base layer 3212, which may provide some extra durability and/or traction for a toe portion of article 3110. Second functional printed element 3204 may comprise a waterproof transparent layer that helps to protect the underlying portions of upper 3114.
In order to achieve functional elements, printing system 2602 may be modified in any manner so that material printed onto an article adds functionality and not just aesthetics or decorative elements to an article. For example, printing system 2602 can be modified to print multiple layers of ink, which may build up to form structural layers having varying types of material characteristics. In some embodiments, printing system 2602 may be configured to print any other kinds of materials besides inks, including, for example, various polymer materials that are commonly used in additive manufacturing processes.
Examples of further features that could be applied to an article using a printing system include, but are not limited to: traction features, durability features, texture-based features, as well as any other kinds of features that could be applied to an article using a printing system. Some embodiments may use one or more features, techniques, methods, systems, devices or printed layers disclosed in Jones, U.S. Pat. No. 8,993,061, titled “Direct Printing to Fabric,” as well as in Jones, U.S. Pat. No. 9,005,710, titled “Footwear Assembly Method with 3D Printing,” the entirety of both applications being hereby incorporated by reference.
The various flexible manufacturing systems described in these embodiments can be used in conjunction with other systems that may improve manufacturing efficiency. As an example, some embodiments could make use of one or more remote devices that may be used to operate one or more devices of the systems described here. In one possible embodiment, a touchpad type remote device may be used to control an alignment device such as a projection system and/or display device. Such a remote device is described in Miller, U.S. Pat. No. 8,978,551, titled “Projection Assisted Printer Alignment Using Remote Device,” the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference.
While various embodiments have been described, the description is intended to be exemplary, rather than limiting and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more embodiments and implementations are possible that are within the scope of the embodiments. Accordingly, the embodiments are not to be restricted except in light of the attached claims and their equivalents. Also, various modifications and changes may be made within the scope of the attached claims.

## Claims

1. A method of printing onto an article, comprising:
positioning the article onto a platform configured to support the article;
aligning a graphic with the article while the platform and a printing system are in a first relative configuration;
wherein aligning the graphic on the article includes associating a transparent display device with the article and viewing a relative position between the graphic on the display device and the article;
changing the relative configuration of the platform and the printing system from the first relative configuration to a second relative configuration by moving the platform, wherein the second relative configuration is substantially different from the first relative configuration; and
printing the graphic onto the article while the platform and the printing system are in the second relative configuration.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first relative configuration is a configuration where the printing system cannot print onto the article.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the second relative configuration is a configuration where the printing system can print onto the article.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the article is an article of footwear.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the article is an article of clothing.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the article is an article of sports equipment.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the article is a hard good.

8. A method of printing a functional element onto an article, comprising:
disposing the article on a platform designed to hold the article, the platform positioned on tracks;
aligning an image of the functional element with the article while the article, the platform and a printing system are in a first relative configuration;
wherein aligning the image includes projecting the image onto the article using a projection system;
changing a relative configuration of the article, the platform and the printing system from the first relative configuration to a second relative configuration by sliding the platform along the tracks, wherein the second relative configuration is substantially different from the first relative configuration; and
printing the functional element onto the article while the article, the platform and the printing system are in the second relative configuration.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the functional element is a waterproof coating.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the functional element is a traction increasing element.

11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the article is an article of footwear.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the functional element is a waterproof coating.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the functional element is a traction increasing element.

14. A method of printing onto an article comprising:
positioning the article onto a platform configured to support the article on a top surface of the platform, the platform positioned on tracks;
aligning a graphic with the article while the platform and a printing system are in a first relative configuration by projecting the graphic onto a predetermined portion of the article;
changing a relative configuration of the platform and the printing system from the first relative configuration to a second relative configuration by moving the platform along the tracks, wherein the second relative configuration is substantially different from the first relative configuration; and
printing the graphic onto the predetermined portion of the article while the platform and the printing system are in the second relative configuration.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein aligning the graphic occurs while the platform and the printing system are in the first relative configuration.

16. The method according to claim 14, wherein changing the relative configuration includes moving the platform from a display ready position, wherein in the display ready position, a projector is configured to project the graphic onto the predetermined portion of the article, to a print ready position, wherein in the print ready position, the printing system is configured to print the graphic onto the predetermined portion of the article.

17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the first relative configuration is a configuration where the printing system cannot print onto the article.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the second relative configuration is a configuration where the printing system can print onto the article.

19. The method according to claim 14, wherein the article is an article of footwear.

20. The method according to claim 14, wherein the article is an article of clothing.

21. The method according to claim 14, wherein the article is an article of sports equipment.

22. A method of printing onto an article comprising:
positioning the article onto a platform configured to support the article on a top surface of the platform;
aligning an image with the article while the article and a printing system are in an inactive position by projecting the image onto a predetermined portion of the article;
wherein the printing system is positioned on tracks; and
moving the printing system along the tracks from the inactive position to an active position;
wherein when the printing system is in the inactive position, a projector is configured to project the image onto the predetermined portion of the article; and
wherein when the printing system is in the active position, the printing system is positioned to print the image onto the predetermined portion of the article.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein when the printing system is in the inactive position, the printing system cannot print onto the article.

24. The method according to claim 22, wherein the printed image is a graphic.

25. The method according to claim 22, wherein the printed image is a functional element.

26. The method according to claim 22, wherein the article is an article of footwear.

27. The method according to claim 22, wherein the article is an article of clothing.

28. The method according to claim 22, wherein the article is an article of sports equipment.