STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

DOCKET NUMBER

2022 CA 0738

PONTCHARTRAIN NATURAL GAS SYSTEM, K/ D/ S PROMIX, L. L.C., 

AND ACADIAN GAS PIPELINE SYSTEM

VERSUS

TEXAS BRINE COMPANY, LLC

Judgment Rendered: 

J":

On Appeal from

the 23rd Judicial District Court, Division 5

Assumption Parish, Louisiana

Docket Number 34,265

DEC 2 9 2022

Honorable Thomas J. Kliebert, Jr., Presiding Ad Hoc Judge

James M. Garner

Leopold Z. Sher

Peter L. Hilbert, Jr. 

Christopher T. Chocheles

New Orleans, Louisiana

Travis J. Turner

Gonzales, Louisiana

Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux

Lake Charles, Louisiana

Roy C. Cheatwood

Kent A. Lambert

Adam B. Zuckerman

Colleen C. Jarrott

Matthew C. Juneau

Leopoldo J. Yanez

Lauren Brink Adams

New Orleans, Louisiana

Attorneys for Appellant

Texas Brine Company, LLC

Attorneys for Appellee

Legacy Vulcan, LLC

BEFORE: MCDONALD, WELCH, and HOLDRIDGE, 33. 

concuvs w1 ras, s
McDONALD, J. 

This dispute is one of many arising out of the August 3, 2012 sinkhole that

appeared near Bayou Corne in Assumption Parish, Louisiana. In this appeal, Texas

Brine Company, LLC challenges a partial summary judgment dismissing its contractual

claims against Legacy Vulcan, LLCi under an Amended Operating Agreement between

the parties. After review, we dismiss the appeal. 

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

In brief, the relevant history between Texas Brine and Legacy Vulcan dates back

to 1975, when Texas Brine, by way of a " Salt Lease," secured the right to produce salt

from a 40 -acre tract of land in Assumption Parish, commonly referenced by the parties

as the " North 40." Within a year of obtaining this right, Texas Brine entered into a

series of interdependent contracts with Legacy Vulcan, including an " Assignment of Salt

Lease" ( Assignment of Salt Lease), under which Texas Brine purportedly assigned all of

its rights, title, and interest as lessee in and under the Salt Lease to Legacy Vulcan, and

Legacy Vulcan assumed all obligations of Texas Brine as lessee in and under the Salt

Lease; a " Construction Contract and Facilities Lease" ( Facilities Lease), under which

Texas Brine was to site, drill, and construct certain wells, related facilities, and a

pipeline on the North 40 and lease certain property to Legacy Vulcan; and, an

Operating and Supply Agreement" ( Operating Agreement), under which Texas Brine

would operate facilities it constructed on the North 40 in order to produce and deliver a

certain quantity and quality of brine to be used by Legacy Vulcan in its chloralkali

business at its facility in Geismar, Louisiana. The Operating Agreement further provided

that Texas Brine maintain, repair, and at all times, keep the facilities leased by it to

Legacy Vulcan in good and safe operating condition. In turn, Legacy Vulcan was

obligated to pay Texas Brine for its services. Each of the above agreements provided

certain other specific rights to and obligations owed by the parties. 

Around 2000, Texas Brine and Legacy Vulcan entered into the " First Amendment

to the Salt Lease," " Amendment to Construction Contract and Facilities Lease" 

1 Legacy Vulcan, LLC was previously known as Vulcan Materials Company; we will reference it as Legacy

Vulcan in this opinion. 
Amended Facilities Lease), and " Amended and Restated Operating and Supply

Agreement" ( Amended Operating Agreement), each contract dependent upon the other

contracts, for the purpose of continuing the brine mining and exploration on the North

40. The general principles underlying the Amended Operating Agreement remained the

same - Texas Brine would operate on the North 40 to produce and deliver certain

quantities and qualities of brine to Legacy Vulcan. Texas Brine further obligated itself

to maintain, repair, and at all times, keep these facilities in good and safe operating

condition, and comply with, perform, and fulfill all obligations of Legacy Vulcan to Texas

Brine under the Amended Facilities Lease between the parties, with respect to the

maintenance, operation, and preservation of the leased premises. Legacy Vulcan, in

turn, obligated itself to pay for Texas Brine' s services. Changes or additions made to

the Amended Operating Agreement included giving Legacy Vulcan the right to double

the amount of salt Texas Brine produced and delivered to Legacy Vulcan, as well as

Texas Brine separately and again obligating itself to ensure that Legacy Vulcan was

compliant with its obligations under the Amended Facilities Lease. Pertinent to this

appeal, the Amended Operating Agreement also contained an indemnification clause, 

which provided, in part: 

Texas [ Brine] and [ Legacy] Vulcan shall each pay one- half of all

losses and all claims, demands, payments, suits, actions, recoveries, and

judgments ... of every nature and description, brought, recovered or

arising out of the joint and concurring negligence of the parties. 

Following the sinkhole's emergence, multiple plaintiffs filed numerous lawsuits

against Texas Brine, all of whom suffered damages due to the sinkhole. Texas Brine, in

turn, asserted numerous third parry demands against Legacy Vulcan, including breach

of contract claims. Specifically, regarding the Amended Operating Agreement, Texas

Brine asserted that Legacy Vulcan failed to perform this contract in good faith. In its

Third Amended Incidental Demands, Texas Brine alleged that the Amended Operating

Agreement contained an indemnification clause, and therefore, to the extent that the

acts and omissions of Legacy Vulcan contributed to the formation of the sinkhole, 

Legacy Vulcan was obligated to indemnify Texas Brine. 

3
The Phase 1 liability trial was held in September and October 2017, for the

purpose of determining what caused the sinkhole to form and which parties were at

fault under any theory of law for causing the formation of the sinkhole. See

Pontchartrain, 317 So.3d at 724. The trial court found both Texas Brine and Legacy

Vulcan at fault. This court affirmed the judgment on appeal, finding that Legacy Vulcan

failed to act as a prudent mineral lessee, and Texas Brine failed to prudently operate on

the North 40. Pontchartrain Natural Gas System v. Texas Brine Company, LLC, 18- 1249

La. App. 1 Cir. 12/ 30/ 20), 317 So. 3d 715, 757- 58, writs denied, 21- 00382, 21- 00386

La. 6/ 8/ 21), 317 So. 3d 323. 

Thereafter, the parties began the next phase of this litigation, which

encompassed all remaining incidental demands and damage/ quantum issues, but not

including insurance issues or attorney's fees. To that end, Legacy Vulcan filed

numerous partial motions for summary judgment asserting various arguments regarding

Texas Brine' s contractual claims against Legacy Vulcan. One such motion was Legacy

Vulcan' s motion for partial summary judgment seeking to dismiss Texas Brine' s claims

under the Amended Operating Agreement. First, Legacy Vulcan argued that Texas

Brine could not prove Legacy Vulcan breached the Amended Operating Agreement. 

Alternatively, Legacy Vulcan argued that, because Texas Brine breached the Amended

Operating Agreement by failing to act as a prudent operator, citing Pontchartrain, 317

So. 3d at 758- 59, it was barred, under Louisiana Civil Code article 1993, from

demanding performance from Legacy Vulcan under the Amended Operating Agreement. 

Texas Brine opposed the motion, asserting numerous arguments, including: 

Legacy Vulcan did breach the Amended Operating Agreement by its negligence in

thinning the walls of the salt cavern, citing Pontchartrain, 317 So. 3d at 756- 57; Legacy

Vulcan breached its duty to perform the Amended Operating Agreement in good faith; 

La. C.C. art. 1993 was inapplicable; and, the Amended Operating Agreement's

indemnification clause was an independent clause that could survive, despite any

breach of the Amended Operating Agreement. 

The trial court held a hearing on this motion, along with several others, on

December 16, 2021. Following the parties' arguments and submission of evidence, the

4
trial court took the matter under advisement. On January 18, 2022, the trial court

signed a judgment, stating: 

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that

Legacy] Vulcan' s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment Dismissing Texas

Brine' s Claims Under the Amended Operating Agreement is GRANTED, 

and Texas Brine' s claims against [ Legacy] Vulcan under the Amended

Operating Agreement are DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE. 

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that

this Judgment is designated as a final judgment in accordance with

Louisiana Civil Code Article 1915, as the Court finds that there is no just

reason for delay. 

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

Texas Brine appeals from the adverse judgment, contending the trial court erred

in essentially rewriting the Amended Operating Agreement by disregarding the parties' 

contractual indemnity provision that allocated tort liability in the event of joint and

concurring negligence. Texas Brine further contends the trial court erred in granting

summary judgment, because genuine issues of material fact exist regarding whether

Legacy Vulcan agreed to reimburse Texas Brine under the Amended Operating

Agreement for Texas Brine's costs and expenses incurred in connection with Texas

Brine' s operation of the Oxy Geismar No. 3 well. 

APPEALABILITY OF PARTIAL SUMMARY 3UDGMENT

Appellate courts have a duty to examine subject matter jurisdiction sua sponte, 

even when the parties do not raise the issue. See Advanced Leveling & Concrete

Solutions v Lathan Company, Inc., 17- 1250 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 12/ 20/ 18), 268 So. 3d

1044, 1046 ( en Banc). This court's appellate jurisdiction extends only to " final

judgments." See La. C.C. P. art. 2083(A). 

A trial court may render a partial summary judgment dispositive of a particular

issue, theory of recovery, cause of action, or defense, in favor or one or more parties, 

even though the grant of summary judgment does not dispose of the entire case as to

that party or parties. La. C. C. P. art. 966( E); Elee v. White, 19- 1633 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 

7J24J20), So.3d ,, 2020 WL 4251974, at * 2, writ denied, 20- 01048 ( La. 

11/ 10320), 303 So. 3d 1038. A partial summary judgment rendered under La. C. C. P. 

art. 966( E) may be immediately appealed during ongoing litigation only if the trial court

5
has properly designated it as a final judgment. See La. C.C. P. art. 1915( 6)( 1). 

However, this court's jurisdiction is not determined by a trial court's certification of a

partial summary judgment as final under La. C. C. P. art. 1915( 6). Hernandez v. Excel

Contractors, Inc., 18- 1091 ( La. App. 1 Or. 3/ 13/ 19), 275 So.3d 278, 285. If the trial

court gives no reasons for the certification, but some justification is apparent from the

record, the appellate court should make a de novo determination of whether the

certification was proper. R.]. Messinger, Inc. v. Rosenblum, 04- 1664 ( La. 3/ 2/ 05), 894

So. 2d 1113, 1122; Asay v. Safeco Ins. Co. of Oregon, 20-0852 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 

4/ 16/ 21), 323 So. 3d 395, 398. Under Messinger, the following list of non- exclusive

factors are to be considered in determining whether a partial judgment should be

certified as final: ( 1) the relationship between the adjudicated and unadjudicated

claims; ( 2) the possibility that the need for review might or might not be mooted by

future developments in the trial court; ( 3) the possibility that the reviewing court might

be obliged to consider the same issue a second time; and ( 4) miscellaneous factors

such as delay, economic and solvency considerations, shortening the time of trial, 

frivolity of competing claims, expense, and the like. Messinger, 894 So. 2d at 1122; 

Asay, 323 So. 3d at 399. f= urther, in determining whether a partial judgment is final for

purposes of an immediate appeal, a court must always keep in mind the historic policy

against piecemeal appeals. Messinger, 894 So.2d at 1122; Crown Oilfield Services, Inc. 

v La. Oilfield Contractors Assn Ins Fund, 13- 0394 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 2/ 19/ 14), 2014 WL

3533482, at * 3 ( unpublished). 

Applying these precepts on de novo review, we conclude the January 18, 2022

partial summary judgment does not meet the requirements of an appealable final

judgment under La. C. C. P. art. 1915( B). Any decision by this court on the limited

claims at issue on appeal, i.e., Texas Brine' s breach of the Amended Operating

Agreement claims against Legacy Vulcan, without consideration of the remaining

interdependent contracts and claims thereupon, would merely result in inefficient, 

piecemeal, and possibly conflicting resolution of only a minor part of the parties' related

contract claims. See La. C. C. P. art. 2053 (" A doubtful provision [ in a contract] must be

interpreted in light of the nature of the contract, equity, usages, the conduct of the

6
parties before and after the formation of the contract, and of other contracts of a like

nature between the same parties ") (Emphasis added.) 

This court is aware that the parties have chosen this particular method of

litigation to dispose of their remaining claims, and the trial court is attempting to

proceed in this case as efficiently as possible at this juncture. However, this court does

not believe that interpreting the parties' interrelated contracts in a disjointed manner, 

after their interdependence has been established, is efficient or equitable, despite the

parties' contentions. See Pontchartrain Natural Gas System, 317 So. 3d at 725- 26; cf. 

Florida Gas Transmission Company, LLC v. Texas Brine Company, LLC, 21- 1267, 22- 

0004 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 8/ 3/ 22), 348 So.3d 93 ( addressing how the sole issue of confusion

affected four interdependent contracts). 

Accordingly, having found the January 18, 2022 judgment does not meet the

requirements of a final appealable judgment under Messinger, we lack subject matter

jurisdiction herein and dismiss the appeal. 

CONCLUSION

For the above reasons, we dismiss this appeal and remand this matter to the trial

court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We assess appeal costs

equally between Texas Brine Company, LLC and Legacy Vulcan, LLC. 

APPEAL DISMISSED; CASE REMANDEW

2 This court also: ( 1) grants Legacy Vulcan' s motion for oral argument; and, ( 2) grants Texas Brine's

motion to withdraw James E. Kuhn as its counsel of record. 

7
PONTCHARTRAIN NATURAL

GAS SYSTEM, K/D/S PROMIX, 

L.L.C., AND ACADIAN GAS

PIPELINE SYSTEM

VERSUS

TEXAS BRINE COMPANY, LLC

HOLDRIDGE, J., eoncurs. 

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

NO. 2022 CA 0738

I respectfully concur with the report. I further write to emphasize that the basis

of the current appeal arises out of an August 2012 sinkhole in Assumption Parish. A

large number ofwrits and appeals have been filed with this court many times arguing

that the procedure used by the trial court and agreed upon by the parties was the most

cost-efficient and expedient method of disposing of the many claims and lawsuits

that are based on the 2012 sinkhole. Over ten years have passed since the sinkhole

occurred. It is clear that the parties and the trial court were not correct. This matter

has evolved into a lengthy and time- consuming litigation in which millions of dollars

of litigation expenses have been expended, as well as countless hours ofjudicial time

and effort, in both the trial and appellate courts. The Louisiana Supreme Court case

R.J. Messinger, Inc. v. Rosenblum, 2004- 1664 ( La. 312105), 894 So.2d 1113, 1122, 

would allow this court to enforce the policy against multiple appeals and piecemeal

litigation that have been the hallmark of the 2012 Assumption Parish sinkhole

litigation. It also would ensure that this court, as well as the trial court, would operate

under the principle of sound judicial administration to promote judicial efficiency

and economy, neither of which have been present in this litigation.