J-S81032-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: J.E.S., A MINOR IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: E.J.S., FATHER

No. 1349 EDA 2016

Appeal from the Decree April 13, 2016

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County

Family Court at No(s): CP-51-AP-0000483-2015

CP-51-DP-0002303-2013

===============================================

IN THE INTEREST OF: K.E.S., A MINOR IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: E.J.S., FATHER

No. 1352 EDA 2016

Appeal from the Decree April 13, 2016

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County

Family Court at No(s): CP-51-AP-0000484-2015

CP-51-DP-0002524-2013

BEFORE: BOWES, J., MOULTON, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.: FILED DECEMBER 29, 2016

____________________________________________

*

Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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Appellant, E.J.S. (“Father”), appeals from the April 13, 2016, decrees 

and orders involuntarily terminating his parental rights to K.E.S. (born in 

July of 2004), and J.E.S. (born in December of 2009) (collectively, 

“Children”) pursuant to the Adoption Act, 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), 

(8), and (b), and changing Children’s permanency goal to adoption under 

Section 6351 of the Juvenile Act, 42 Pa.C.S. § 6351.1 We affirm. 

The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows: 

On November 17, 2013, the parties first became known to the Department 

of Human Services (“DHS”) as a result of a General Protective Services 

(“GPS”) report alleging that the police placed Mother into custody after 

finding her intoxicated and unable to care for J.E.S. On the same day, DHS 

obtained an Order of Protective Custody (“OPC”) for J.E.S. and placed him in 

a foster home through Juvenile Justice Center. DHS also received a 

supplemental GPS report that same day, alleging Father had custodial care 

of K.E.S. and there was no functional kitchen or food in Father’s home. DHS 

discovered that K.E.S. has repeated the same school grade twice because of 

truancy. DHS also learned that Father and Mother have a history of 

domestic violence and Mother has a Stay Away Order against Father.

____________________________________________

1 By separate decrees and orders on the same date, the trial court 

involuntarily terminated the parental rights of M.C. (“Mother”), the natural 

mother of Children. Mother did not file notices of appeal, and she is not a 

party to this current appeal.
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On November 27, 2013, the trial court adjudicated J.E.S. dependent 

and committed him to DHS. On December 19, 2013, DHS filed a 

dependency petition for K.E.S., and on January 13, 2014, the trial court 

adjudicated K.E.S. dependent, as well as ordered him to remain in Father’s 

home under the care of Father’s paramour, R.S. (“Paramour”), with DHS 

supervision. This case was transferred to Community Umbrella Agency 

(“CUA”) Turning Points for Children to provide services for the family on 

January 29, 2014. On February 20, 2014, CUA held an initial Single Case 

Plan (“SCP”) meeting for the family. Father’s SCP objectives were: (1) to 

participate in a drug and alcohol assessment and submit to random drug 

screens at Clinical Evaluation Unit (“CEU”); (2) to comply with the 

recommendations made as a result of the drug and alcohol assessment; (3) 

to attend parenting classes; (4) to complete intake process and attend 

domestic violence counseling; (5) to attend visitations with Children; (6) to 

provide and transfer Supplemental Security Income (“SSI”) for the needs of 

K.E.S. to Paramour; and (7) to maintain appropriate housing. 

At a permanency review hearing on May 28, 2014, Mother obtained 

custody of Children with DHS supervision, and Father was given 

unsupervised day visits with Children. On July 29, 2014, DHS obtained an 

OPC for Children and placed them in a foster home. At a shelter care 

hearing on July 31, 2014, Children were both fully committed to DHS 

custody. 
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Several SCP meetings and permanency review hearings were held 

thereafter through 2015. During this time, Father’s SCP objectives were 

revised and court ordered, requiring him: (1) to attend his scheduled drug 

and alcohol assessment and submit to three random drug screens at CEU; 

(2) to comply with court orders and participate in recommended services; 

(3) to attend parenting classes; (4) to complete domestic violence 

counseling; (5) to attend visitations with Children; (6) to maintain 

appropriate housing; (7) to provide medical documentation for his 

prescriptions; (8) to participate in a psychological evaluation; and (9) to 

comply with grievance counseling. 

On August 4, 2015, DHS filed petitions to involuntarily terminate 

Father’s and Mother’s parental rights to Children. On April 13, 2016, the 

trial court held a hearing on the petitions. At the hearing, DHS presented 

the testimony of Aisha Erwin, a CUA case manager for Turning Points for 

Children, and Noel Cord, a CUA permanency specialist at Turning Points for 

Children. Father was present in the courtroom with counsel and testified on 

his own behalf. Mother failed to appear at the hearing, but was represented 

by counsel. That same day, the trial court entered decrees and orders 

terminating Father’s parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1), 

(2), (5), (8), and (b) and changing the permanency goal to adoption. 

On May 3, 2016, Father timely filed notices of appeal, along with 

concise statements of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 
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1925(a)(2)(i) and (b). This Court consolidated Father’s appeals sua sponte

on June 3, 2016. Father raises the following issues, which we set forth 

verbatim.

1. Did the Trial Court err in terminating the Appellant’s parental 

rights under 23 Pa.C.S. Section 2511?

2. Did the Trial Court err in finding that termination of father’s 

parental rights best served the children’s developmental, 

physical and emotional needs under 23 Pa.C.S. Section 

2511(b)?

3. Did the Trial Court err in changing the children’s goal to 

adoption?

Father’s Brief at vi.

In matters involving involuntary termination of parental rights, our 

standard of review is as follows:

The standard of review in termination of parental rights cases 

requires appellate courts “to accept the findings of fact and 

credibility determinations of the trial court if they are supported 

by the record.” In re Adoption of S.P., 616 Pa. 309, 47 A.3d 

817, 826 (2012). “If the factual findings are supported, 

appellate courts review to determine if the trial court made an 

error of law or abused its discretion.” Id. “[A] decision may be 

reversed for an abuse of discretion only upon demonstration of 

manifest unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will.” 

Id. The trial court’s decision, however, should not be reversed 

merely because the record would support a different result. Id. 

at 827. We have previously emphasized our deference to trial 

courts that often have first-hand observations of the parties 

spanning multiple hearings. See In re R.J.T., 608 Pa. 9, 9 A.3d 

1179, 1190 (2010) (citations omitted).

In re T.S.M., 620 Pa. 602, 71 A.3d 251, 267 (2013). “The trial court is free 

to believe all, part, or none of the evidence presented and is likewise free to 

make all credibility determinations and resolve conflicts in the evidence.” In 
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re M.G. & J.G., 855 A.2d 68, 73-74 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citation omitted). 

“[I]f competent evidence supports the trial court’s findings, we will affirm 

even if the record could also support the opposite result.” In re Adoption 

of T.B.B., 835 A.2d 387, 394 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citation omitted). 

Section 2511 of the Adoption Act, 23 Pa.C.S. §§ 2101-2938, controls 

the termination of parental rights and requires a bifurcated analysis, as 

follows.

Our case law has made clear that under Section 2511, the court 

must engage in a bifurcated process prior to terminating 

parental rights. Initially, the focus is on the conduct of the 

parent. The party seeking termination must prove by clear and 

convincing evidence that the parent’s conduct satisfies the 

statutory grounds for termination delineated in Section 2511(a). 

Only if the court determines that the parent’s conduct warrants 

termination of his or her parental rights does the court engage in 

the second part of the analysis pursuant to Section 2511(b): 

determination of the needs and welfare of the child under the 

standard of best interests of the child. One major aspect of the 

needs and welfare analysis concerns the nature and status of the 

emotional bond between parent and child, with close attention 

paid to the effect on the child of permanently severing any such 

bond. 

In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citations omitted). We 

have defined clear and convincing evidence as that which is so “clear, direct, 

weighty and convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear 

conviction, without hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.” In 

re C.S., 761 A.2d 1197, 1201 (Pa. Super. 2000) (en banc).

In the case sub judice, the trial court terminated Father’s parental 

rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), and (8), as well as (b). 
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We have long held that, in order to affirm a termination of parental rights, 

we need only agree with the trial court as to any one subsection of Section 

2511(a), well as Section 2511(b). See In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 

(Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc). Here, we analyze the court’s termination order 

pursuant to subsections 2511(a)(2) and (b), which provide as follows: 

(a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in regard to a child 

may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following 

grounds:

***

(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, 

neglect or refusal of the parent has caused the child 

to be without essential parental care, control or 

subsistence necessary for his physical or mental 

well-being and the conditions and causes of the 

incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will 

not be remedied by the parent.

***

(b) Other considerations.--The court in terminating the rights 

of a parent shall give primary consideration to the 

developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the 

child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on 

the basis of environmental factors such as inadequate housing, 

furnishings, income, clothing and medical care if found to be 

beyond the control of the parent. With respect to any petition 

filed pursuant to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not 

consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions 

described therein which are first initiated subsequent to the 

giving of notice of the filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(2), (b).

We first examine the trial court’s termination of Father’s parental 

rights under Section 2511(a)(2).
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In order to terminate parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 

2511(a)(2), the following three elements must be met: (1) 

repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal; (2) 

such incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal has caused the child to 

be without essential parental care, control or subsistence 

necessary for his physical or mental well-being; and (3) the 

causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will 

not be remedied.

In re Adoption of M.E.P., 825 A.2d 1266, 1272 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citation 

omitted). “The grounds for termination due to parental incapacity that 

cannot be remedied are not limited to affirmative misconduct. To the 

contrary, those grounds may include acts of refusal as well as incapacity to 

perform parental duties.” In re Adoption of C.D.R., 111 A.3d 1212, 1216 

(Pa. Super. 2015) (quoting In re A.L.D., 797 A.2d 326, 337 (Pa. Super. 

2002)).

Further, this Court has stated that a parent is required to make 

diligent efforts towards the reasonably prompt assumption of full parental 

responsibilities. In re A.L.D., supra. A parent’s vow to cooperate, after a 

long period of uncooperativeness regarding the necessity or availability of 

services, may properly be rejected as untimely or disingenuous. Id. at 340.

On appeal, Father first argues that the trial court erred in terminating 

his parental rights because DHS failed to present clear and convincing 

evidence that the “causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect, or refusal cannot 

or will not be remedied.” Father’s Brief at 6. Father contends that he was 

compliant with his SCP objectives for over three months before the filing of 

the termination petitions. Id. Specifically, Father claims that he regularly 
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visited Children, presented a certificate showing completion of an anger 

management program, had negative drug screens, did not require any 

treatment for drugs or alcohol, obtained appropriate housing, and completed 

a healthy relationships class. Id. 

After a thorough review of the record in this matter, we conclude that

the trial court did not abuse its discretion by involuntarily terminating 

Father’s parental rights to Children. During the termination hearing, the 

CUA case manager, Ms. Erwin, provided the trial court with the history of the 

case concerning Children’s removal and the circumstances leading to 

Children’s placement in foster care, where they currently remain. Ms. Erwin 

listed Father’s SCP objectives. Ms. Erwin informed the trial court that Father 

was present at the SCP meetings, where she explained the objectives and 

expectations set for him. Notes of Testimony (“N.T.”), 4/13/16, at 22. Ms. 

Erwin informed the trial court that Mother and Father currently reside 

together. Id. at 21. Regarding housing, Ms. Erwin stated that since the last 

court hearing on December 15, 2015, she and Ms. Cord, the permanency 

specialist, scheduled and confirmed three home visits with Father, but he 

was not present when she arrived, and she was unable to evaluate the 

conditions of the house. Id. at 20-21. 

Ms. Erwin testified that Father was court ordered to go back to CEU 

because he tested positive for benzodiazepines. Id. at 24-25. Ms. Erwin 

testified that Father failed to go to CEU for three random drug screens, and 
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missed his court-ordered drug assessment. Id. at 23-25. Ms. Erwin stated 

that Father failed to provide her with any documentation for his prescriptions 

as ordered by the court and directed by his SCP. Id. at 37. She further 

stated that Father only provided her with an old prescription bottle with a 

faded label, which prevented her from determining the dosage or the 

prescribing doctor’s name. Id. Ms. Erwin testified that the bottle did not 

look like it was recently prescribed. Id. Ms. Erwin stated that she is unable 

to conclude if Father is still using drugs. Id. at 35. 

Ms. Erwin informed the trial court that Father was referred to complete 

parenting classes, grievance counseling, domestic violence counseling, anger 

management classes, and a psychological evaluation. Id. at 27. Ms. Erwin 

testified that, although Father completed classes in Healthy Relationships 

and participated in a psychological evaluation, Father failed to attend anger 

management classes, grievance counseling and parenting classes. Id. Ms. 

Erwin also testified that, throughout the life of this case, Father has always 

sporadically visited Children. Id. at 30. Ms. Erwin stated that, since the last 

hearing, Father only attended seven visitations out of eighteen scheduled 

visits with Children. Id. at 28-30. Ms. Erwin stated that she is uncertain if 

Father is capable of ensuring that Children’s basic needs are satisfied. Id. at 

35. 

The CUA permanency specialist, Ms. Cord, testified that throughout the 

life of the case, she has made nine home visits and seventeen attempted 
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home visits. Id. at 43. Ms. Cord testified that she last visited Father’s 

house on December 9, 2015, and did a walk-through of the home. Id. at 

46. Ms. Cord testified that she found the house appropriate for Children. 

Id. at 46-47. Ms. Cord also testified that after the December 15, 2015, 

hearing, she scheduled and confirmed three visits with Father for December 

29, 2015, January 15, 2016, and February 28, 2016, but she was unable to 

get into the home because no one was there. Id. at 44. Since Mother and 

Father have a history of domestic violence, Ms. Cord opined that she did not 

find it appropriate that they live together. Id. at 46-48. 

At the hearing, Father testified that parenting classes were suggested 

to him, but he was never given a date or time. Id. at 50. Father denied 

receiving any paperwork or phone call to go to a drug screen at the CEU. 

Id. at 51. Father testified that he missed two visits with Children due to the 

weather and denied missing eleven visits. Id. at 52. Father stated his 

doctor prescribed medication for him in 2014, but he is currently not on any 

medication. Id. at 60-61. Father submitted to the trial court his 

psychological evaluation and a certificate evidencing he completed anger 

management classes on November 13, 2014.

With respect to Section 2511(a)(2), the trial court concluded that 

Father failed to perform his parental duties and place himself in a position to 

parent Children. Trial Court Opinion (“T.C.O.”), 6/10/16, at 6. The trial 

court noted that Children have been in foster care since July 29, 2014. Id. 
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The trial court found the evidence demonstrated a pattern of noncompliance 

by Father with his SCP objectives and court orders. Id. With regard to 

Father’s housing objectives, the trial court noted that CUA made nine home 

visits and seventeen attempts to visit and assess his home, but when CUA 

arrived no one was there. Id. The trial court also opined that Father living 

with Mother is inappropriate based on their history of domestic violence. Id. 

The trial court noted that Father was ordered to take random drug screens 

and obtain a drug assessment because he had tested positive for 

benzodiazepines in the past. Id. However, Father missed all three random 

drug screens and failed to complete a drug and alcohol assessment. Id. 

Furthermore, Father neither provided the trial court with documentation for 

his prescription nor the identity of the doctor; instead, he produced an old 

and faded medicine bottle, which was not from a current prescription. Id. 

The trial court further noted that it took Father twenty-one months to 

complete domestic violence classes, and CUA referred Father for parenting 

classes six times, but he refused to attend. Id. Because Father signed an 

SCP establishing an objective for parenting classes and attended court 

hearings reiterating that objective, the trial court found Father’s testimony 

unconvincing that no one ever informed him that parenting classes were an 

objective. Id. The trial court noted that Father has a history of visiting 

Children sporadically. Id. Since the last hearing on December 15, 2015, 

Father attended only seven out of eighteen scheduled visits and canceled 
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visits the day they were to occur. Id. The trial court reasoned that Father’s 

conduct and failure to comply with court orders and his SCP objectives 

demonstrate his inability to remedy the causes of his incapacity to provide 

Children with essential parental care, control, or subsistence necessary for 

their physical and mental well-being. Id. Because Father cannot fulfill 

Children’s need for permanency, the trial court determined that termination 

was proper under Section 2511(a)(2). Id.

Father’s argument regarding Section 2511(a)(2) essentially seeks for 

this Court to make credibility and weight determinations different from those 

of the trial court. The testimony presented at the termination hearing 

establishes that Father was aware of his SCP goals, but failed to comply 

despite ample amount of time given to do so. It is clear from the record 

that Father is unwilling to rectify the conditions that led to the removal of 

Children. Accordingly, the record supports the trial court’s conclusion that 

he is incapable of providing Children with parental care, control, or 

subsistence necessary for their physical or mental well-being, and it was 

reasonable for the trial court to determine that Father will not, or cannot, 

remedy this incapacity. Thus, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in 

terminating Father’s parental rights under Section 2511(a)(2). In re 

Adoption of S.P., 616 Pa. at 325-26, 47 A.3d at 826-27. 
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We next determine whether termination was proper under Section 

2511(b). With regard to Section 2511(b), our Supreme Court has stated as 

follows:

[I]f the grounds for termination under subsection (a) are met, a 

court “shall give primary consideration to the developmental, 

physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child.” 23 

Pa.C.S. § 2511(b). The emotional needs and welfare of the child 

have been properly interpreted to include “[i]ntangibles such as 

love, comfort, security, and stability.” In re K.M., 53 A.3d 781, 

791 (Pa. Super. 2012). In In re E.M., 620 A.2d [481, 485 (Pa. 

1993)] this Court held that the determination of the child’s 

“needs and welfare” requires consideration of the emotional 

bonds between the parent and child. The “utmost attention” 

should be paid to discerning the effect on the child of 

permanently severing the parental bond. In re K.M., 53 A.3d at 

791. However, as discussed below, evaluation of a child’s bonds 

is not always an easy task.

In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d at 267. “[I]n cases where there is no evidence of a 

bond between a parent and child, it is reasonable to infer that no bond 

exists. Accordingly, the extent of the bond-effect analysis necessarily 

depends on the circumstances of the particular case.” In re Adoption of 

J.M., 991 A.2d 321, 324 (Pa. Super. 2010) (citations omitted).

When evaluating a parental bond, “the court is not required to use 

expert testimony. Social workers and caseworkers can offer evaluations as 

well. Additionally, Section 2511(b) does not require a formal bonding 

evaluation.” In re Z.P., 994 A.2d 1108, 1121 (Pa. Super. 2010) (internal 

citations omitted). 

Here, Father argues the trial court erred by finding under 23 Pa.C.S. § 

2511(b) that termination of his parental rights best serves Children’s 
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developmental, physical and emotional needs. Father’s Brief at 8. Father 

contends the CUA worker testified that Father regularly visited Children and 

bonded with them. Id. As such, Father claims that terminating his parental 

rights could not be in the best interest of Children as it would destroy the 

only love, comfort, security, and stability that they have ever known. Id. 

We conclude that Father’s argument has no merit.

With regard to Section 2511(b), the trial court noted that Children 

have been in DHS custody since July 29, 2014, because Father was unable 

to parent them. T.C.O., 6/10/16, at 7. The trial court concluded:

Father visits the Children inconsistently, and has made only 

seven of the last eighteen scheduled visits. Throughout the life 

of this case, Father has sporadically visited with the Children. 

[K.E.S.] does not want to be reunified with Father. [J.E.S.] 

never asks for Father when Father is absent. The Children do 

not have a parental bond with Father, and would not suffer 

irreparable harm if his rights were terminated. Foster Parents 

provide the Children with a safe and permanent home. The 

Children have a loving bond with Foster Parents, and would be 

irreparably harmed if removed from their care. It would be in 

the Children’s best interest to terminate Father’s parental rights. 

Consequently, the [trial] court did not abuse its discretion when 

it found that it was clearly and convincingly established that 

there was no positive parental bond, and that termination of 

Father’s parental rights would not destroy an existing beneficial 

relationship.

Id. at 10 (citations to record omitted).

The testimony of Ms. Erwin supports the trial court’s findings. Ms. 

Erwin stated that she supervised the visits with Children. N.T., 4/13/16, at 

42. Ms. Erwin noted that throughout the life of the case, Father sporadically 

visited Children. Id. at 30. According to Ms. Erwin, K.E.S. informed her 
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that Father told him he had to take a drug test, which she found 

inappropriate. Id. at 31. Ms. Erwin further testified that after the December 

15, 2015, hearing, K.E.S. has been very nonchalant with Father when he 

used to be happy to see him. Id. at 42-43. Ms. Erwin opined that K.E.S. 

has grown distant because he is starting to realize what is occuring and is 

now doubtful of Father. Id. She stated that during Father’s visits, K.E.S. 

does not interact or engage with Father; instead, he sits on the end of the 

couch with his headphones on and plays with his cellphone the entire time. 

Id. at 30. Ms. Erwin also observed that K.E.S. did not want to be touched or 

hugged by Father. Id. 

Ms. Erwin informed the trial court that K.E.S. recently expressed to her 

that he does not want to return back to his parents and is comfortable where 

he is. Id. Ms. Erwin stated that K.E.S. was very upset over the thought of 

leaving his kinship home. Id. at 32. Ms. Erwin testified that K.E.S. had a 

tough time adjusting to his foster home but now loves it there. Id. She 

added that K.E.S. has a good relationship with his Foster Parents and is very 

bonded with them. Id. Ms. Erwin does not believe that there is a positive 

bond between K.E.S. and Father. Id. She opined that K.E.S. would not 

suffer irreparable harm if Father’s parental rights were terminated. Id. Ms. 

Erwin concluded that it would be in the best interest of K.E.S. for the trial 

court to terminate Father’s parental rights and change the permanency goal 

to adoption. Id. at 34. 
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Ms. Erwin stated that during Father’s visits, J.E.S. interacted, hugged, 

and played with Father; however, his relationship and/or interaction with 

Father is no different from his relationship and/or interaction with her or any 

other DHS/CUA worker. Id. at 33. Ms. Erwin testified that when J.E.S. is at 

his foster home, he does not ask for Mother or Father and is very bonded 

with his Foster Parents. Id. Although J.E.S. does not call his Foster 

Parents, “Mom” and “Dad,” he is very close with them and would suffer 

irreparable harm if he was removed from his foster home. Id. at 33-34. 

Ms. Erwin further stated that J.E.S. would not suffer irreparable harm if 

Father’s parental rights were terminated. Id. She does not believe that 

there is a positive bond between J.E.S. and Father. Id. Ms. Erwin 

concluded that it would be in the best interest of J.E.S. to terminate Father’s 

parental rights and change the permanency goal to adoption. Id. at 34.

Based on the foregoing testimony and the totality of the record 

evidence, we agree with the trial court that involuntarily terminating Father’s 

parental rights would best serve the developmental, physical and emotional 

needs, and welfare of Children. In addition, we discern no abuse of 

discretion by the court in concluding that there is no positive parental bond 

between Children and Father that, if severed, would cause a detrimental

effect on them. As such, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in 

terminating Father’s parental rights to Children pursuant to Section 2511(b). 

Therefore, Father’s second issue fails. See In re B., N.M., 856 A.2d 847, 
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856 (Pa. Super. 2004) (stating that “a parent’s basic constitutional right to 

the custody and rearing of his child is converted, upon the failure to fulfill his 

or her parental duties, to the child’s right to have proper parenting and 

fulfillment of his or her potential in a permanent, healthy, safe 

environment”). 

Next, we address the change of the permanency goal for Children to 

adoption. Father argues that the trial court erred in granting a goal change 

to adoption. Father’s Brief at 9. Father claims that because he was 

compliant with his SCP objectives, the goal should have never been changed 

to adoption. Id. We disagree.

This Court has stated:

When reviewing an order regarding the change of a placement 

goal of a dependent child pursuant to the Juvenile Act, 42 Pa. 

C.S.A. § 6301, et seq., our standard of review is abuse of 

discretion. When reviewing such a decision, we are bound by 

the facts as found by the trial court unless they are not 

supported in the record. 

In re B.S., 861 A.2d 974, 976 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citation omitted). 

In order to conclude that the trial court abused its discretion, we 

must determine that the court’s judgment was manifestly 

unreasonable, that the court did not apply the law, or that the 

court’s action was a result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, 

as shown by the record. We are bound by the trial court’s 

findings of fact that have support in the record. The trial court, 

not the appellate court, is charged with the responsibilities of 

evaluating credibility of the witnesses and resolving any conflicts 

in the testimony. In carrying out these responsibilities, the trial 

court is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence. When 

the trial court’s findings are supported by competent evidence of 

record, we will affirm even if the record could also support an 

opposite result.
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In re A.K., 936 A.2d 528, 533 (Pa. Super. 2007). 

Section 6351(f) of the Juvenile Act sets forth the following pertinent 

inquiries for the reviewing court: 

(f) Matters to be determined at permanency hearing.—

At each permanency hearing, a court shall determine all of the 

following:

(1) The continuing necessity for and appropriateness of 

the placement.

(2) The appropriateness, feasibility and extent of 

compliance with the permanency plan developed for the 

child.

(3) The extent of progress made toward alleviating the 

circumstances which necessitated the original placement.

(4) The appropriateness and feasibility of the current 

placement goal for the child.

(5) The likely date by which the placement goal for the 

child might be achieved.

(5.1) Whether reasonable efforts were made to finalize 

the permanency plan in effect.

(6) Whether the child is safe.

. . .

(9) If the child has been in placement for at least 15 of 

the last 22 months or the court has determined that 

aggravated circumstances exist and that reasonable 

efforts to prevent or eliminate the need to remove the 

child from the child’s parent, guardian or custodian or to 

preserve and reunify the family need not be made or 

continue to be made, whether the county agency has filed 

or sought to join a petition to terminate parental rights 
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and to identify, recruit, process and approve a

qualified family to adopt the child unless:

(i) the child is being cared for by a relative best suited to 

the physical, mental and moral welfare of the child;

(ii) the county agency has documented a compelling 

reason for determining that filing a petition to terminate 

parental rights would not serve the needs and welfare of 

the child; or

(iii) the child’s family has not been provided with 

necessary services to achieve the safe return to the child’s 

parent, guardian or custodian within the time frames set 

forth in the permanency plan.

42 Pa.C.S. § 6351(f)(1)-(6), (9). 

In addition:

The trial court must focus on the child and determine the goal 

with reference to the child’s best interests, not those of the 

parents. “Safety, permanency, and well-being of the child must 

take precedence over all other considerations.” Further, at the 

review hearing for a dependent child who has been removed 

from the parental home, the court must consider the statutorily 

mandated factors. “These statutory mandates clearly place the 

trial court’s focus on the best interests of the child.”

In re S.B., 943 A.2d 973, 978 (Pa. Super. 2008) (emphasis in original) 

(citations and quotations omitted).

In the case sub judice, the trial court found that CUA and DHS have 

made reasonable efforts to provide services to Father in order to reunify him 

with Children, but Father has not been compliant with court orders and has 

not successfully completed all of his SCP objectives. T.C.O., 6/10/16, at 5, 

11. The trial court specifically noted that Father has not completed 

parenting classes, he has not undergone a drug and alcohol assessment or 
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random drug screens, and he has made only seven of the last eighteen 

scheduled visitations. Id. at 10-11. The trial court further determined that 

Father’s housing is inappropriate because Mother, a past domestic violence 

victim of Father’s, is currently living there. Id. at 11. Based on the credible 

testimony of the CUA caseworkers, the trial court found that the evidence 

confirmed Children do not have a positive bond with Father, and Father is 

not ready, willing, or able to care for Children at this time. Id. Because 

Foster Parents have a loving bond with Children, and provide a safe and 

permanent home, the trial court concluded that it would be in the best 

interest of Children to change their permanency goal to adoption, to allow 

Foster Parents to adopt them. Id. 

As such, the record reflects that the trial court appropriately 

considered Children’s best interest in deciding whether to change the 

permanency goal to adoption. The competent evidence in the record 

supports the trial court’s determinations. Thus, we will not disturb them. 

See In re M.G. & J.G., 855 A.2d at 73-74.

After careful review, we affirm the decrees and orders terminating 

Father’s parental rights on the basis of Section 2511(a)(2) and (b), and 

changing the permanency goal for Children to adoption under Section 6351 

of the Juvenile Act. 

Decrees and Orders affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 12/29/2016