# Patent

## Title
Controlling mobile device communications on a roaming network based on device state

## Abstract

A device that determines an aspect of a service policy based on a state of the device, and applies the service policy. The state is based on a user interaction, or a lack of user interaction, with the device. The service policy applies a first control to a first activity over a roaming network and a second control to the first activity over a home network, wherein the first control controls the first activity differently than the second control controls the first activity. The first activity is caused by a first software component on the device and comprises a first set of prospective or successful communications over an available wireless network. The aspect of the service policy controls the first activity differently from a second activity over a roaming network, where the second activity is associated with a second software component on the device.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of nonprovisional U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/082,040, which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. This application also incorporates by reference the following published U.S. nonprovisional patent applications: U.S. publication No. 2010/0188975, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Verifiable Device Assisted Service Policy Implementation,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0192170, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Device Assisted Service Profile Management with User Preference, Adaptive Policy, Network Neutrality, and User Privacy,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0191612, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Verifiable Device Assisted Service Usage Monitoring with Reporting, Synchronization, and Notification,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0191576, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Verifiable Device Assisted Service Usage Billing with Integrated Accounting, Mediation Accounting, and Multi-Account,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0188991, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Network Based Service Policy Implementation with Network Neutrality and User Privacy,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0188990, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Network Based Service Profile Management with User Preference, Adaptive Policy, Network Neutrality and User Privacy,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0192212, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Automated Device Provisioning and Activation,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0191604, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Device Assisted Ambient Services,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0191575, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Network Based Ambient Services,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0188993, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Network Tools for Analysis, Design, Testing, and Production of Services,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0190470, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Roaming Services Network and Overlay Networks,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0192120, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Open Development System for Access Service Providers,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0192207, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Virtual Service Provider Systems,” U.S. application Ser. No. 12/380,757, filed Mar. 2, 2009, and entitled “Service Activation Tracking System,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0191613, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Open Transaction Central Billing System,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0188995, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Verifiable and Accurate Service Usage Monitoring for Intermediate Networking Devices,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0188994, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Verifiable Service Billing for Intermediate Networking Devices,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0191846, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Verifiable Service Policy Implementation for Intermediate Networking Devices,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0188992, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Service Profile Management with User Preference, Adaptive Policy, Network Neutrality and User Privacy for Intermediate Networking Devices,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0191847, filed Mar. 2, 2009, entitled “Simplified Service Network Architecture,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0197266, filed Jan. 27, 2010, entitled “Device Assisted CDR Creation, Aggregation, Mediation, and Billing,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0198698, filed Jan. 27, 2010, entitled “Adaptive Ambient Services,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0199325, filed Jan. 27, 2010, entitled “Security Techniques for Device Assisted Services,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0197267, filed Jan. 27, 2010, entitled “Device Group Partitions and Settlement Platform,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0198939, filed Jan. 27, 2010, entitled “Device Assisted Services Install,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0195503, filed Jan. 27, 2010, entitled “Quality of Service for Device Assisted Services,” U.S. publication No. 2010/0197268, filed Jan. 28, 2010, entitled “Enhanced Roaming Services and Converged Carrier Networks with Device Assisted Services and a Proxy,” and U.S. application Ser. No. 13/134,005, filed May 25, 2011, and entitled “System and Method for Wireless Network Offloading.”
This application also incorporates by reference the following U.S. provisional patent applications: U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/348,022, filed May 25, 2010, entitled “Device Assisted Services for Protecting Network Capacity,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/381,159, filed Sep. 9, 2010, entitled “Device Assisted Services for Protecting Network Capacity,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/381,162, filed Sep. 9, 2010, entitled “Service Controller Interfaces and Workflows,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/384,456, filed Sep. 20, 2010, entitled “Securing Service Processor with Sponsored SIMs,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/389,547, filed Oct. 4, 2010, entitled “User Notifications for Device Assisted Services,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/385,020, filed Sep. 21, 2010, entitled “Service Usage Reconciliation System Overview,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/387,243, filed Sep. 28, 2010, entitled “Enterprise and Consumer Billing Allocation for Wireless Communication Device Service Usage Activities,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/387,247, filed Sep. 28, 2010, entitled “Secured Device Data Records,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/407,358, filed Oct. 27, 2010, entitled “Service Controller and Service Processor Architecture,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/418,507, filed Dec. 1, 2010, entitled “Application Service Provider Interface System,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/418,509, filed Dec. 1, 2010, entitled “Service Usage Reporting Reconciliation and Fraud Detection for Device Assisted Services,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/420,727, filed Dec. 7, 2010, entitled “Secure Device Data Records,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/422,565, filed Dec. 13, 2010, entitled “Service Design Center for Device Assisted Services,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/422,572, filed Dec. 13, 2010, entitled “System Interfaces and Workflows for Device Assisted Services,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/422,574, filed Dec. 13, 2010, entitled “Security and Fraud Detection for Device Assisted Services,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/435,564, filed Jan. 24, 2011, entitled “Framework for Device Assisted Services,” and U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/472,606, filed Apr. 6, 2011, entitled “Managing Service User Discovery and Service Launch Object Placement on a Device.”
Further, this application incorporates by reference the following U.S. provisional patent applications: U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/206,354, filed Jan. 28, 2009, entitled “Services Policy Communication System and Method,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/206,944, filed Feb. 4, 2009, entitled “Services Policy Communication System and Method,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/207,393, filed Feb. 10, 2009, entitled “Services Policy Communication System and Method,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/207,739, filed Feb. 13, 2009, entitled “Services Policy Communication System and Method,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/270,353, filed Jul. 6, 2009, entitled “Device Assisted CDR Creation, Aggregation, Mediation and Billing,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/275,208, filed Aug. 25, 2009, entitled “Adaptive Ambient Services,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/237,753, filed Aug. 28, 2009, entitled “Adaptive Ambient Services,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/252,151, filed Oct. 15, 2009, entitled “Security Techniques for Device Assisted Services,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/252,153, filed Oct. 15, 2009, entitled “Device Group Partitions and Settlement Platform,” U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/264,120, filed Nov. 24, 2009, entitled “Device Assisted Services Install,” and U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/264,126, filed Nov. 24, 2009, entitled “Device Assisted Services Activity Map.”


BACKGROUND
With the advent of mass market digital communications, applications and content distribution, many access networks such as wireless networks, cable networks and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) networks are pressed for user capacity, with, for example Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), DOCSIS, DSL, and Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) becoming user capacity constrained. In the wireless case, although network capacity will increase with new higher capacity wireless radio access technologies, such as Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), and with more frequency spectrum and cell splitting being deployed in the future, these capacity gains are likely to be less than what is required to meet growing digital networking demand.
Similarly, although wire line access networks, such as cable and DSL, can have higher average capacity per user compared to wireless, wire line user service consumption habits are trending toward very high bandwidth applications and content that can quickly consume the available capacity and degrade overall network service experience. Because some components of service provider costs go up with increasing bandwidth, this trend will also negatively impact service provider profits.
The foregoing example of trends and issues is intended to be illustrative and not exclusive. Other limitations of the art will become apparent to those of skill in the relevant art upon a reading of the specification and a study of the drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Various embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified (e.g., “flattened”) network architecture in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 2 illustrates another simplified (e.g., “flattened”) network architecture including an MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) relationship in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 3 illustrates another simplified (e.g., “flattened”) network architecture including two central providers in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 4 illustrates a network architecture including a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) overlay configuration in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 5 illustrates a network architecture including an Evolution Data Optimized (EVDO) overlay configuration in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 6 illustrates a network architecture including a 4G LTE and Wi-Fi overlay configuration in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 7 illustrates a network architecture including a WiMAX and Wi-Fi overlay configuration in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 8 illustrates another simplified (e.g., “flattened”) network architecture including multiple wireless access networks (e.g., 3G and 4G Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs)) and multiple wire line networks (e.g., Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) and Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) wire line networks) in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 9 illustrates a hardware diagram of a device that includes a service processor in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 10 illustrates another hardware diagram of a device that includes a service processor in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 11 illustrates another hardware diagram of a device that includes a service processor in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 12 illustrates another hardware diagram of a device that includes a service processor in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 13 illustrates another hardware diagram of a device that includes a service processor implemented in external memory of a System On Chip (SOC) in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 14 illustrates another hardware diagram of a device that includes a service processor implemented in external memory of a System On Chip (SOC) in accordance with some embodiments.
FIGS. 15A through 15F illustrate hardware diagrams of a device that include a service processor and a bus structure extension using intermediate modem or networking device combinations in accordance with various embodiments.
FIG. 16 is a functional diagram illustrating a device based service processor and a service controller in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 17 illustrates a functional diagram of a network architecture for providing quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) and/or for providing DAS for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 18 illustrates another functional diagram of another network architecture for providing quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) and/or for providing DAS for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 19 illustrates a functional diagram of an architecture including a device based service processor and a service controller for providing quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) and/or for providing DAS for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments.
FIGS. 20A through 20C illustrate a functional diagram for providing quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 21 illustrates a functional diagram for generating a QoS activity map for quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 22 illustrates a functional diagram for quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) for an end to end coordinated QoS service channel control in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 23 illustrates a flow diagram for quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments.
FIGS. 24A through 24C each illustrate another flow diagram for quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 25 illustrates another flow diagram for quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 26 illustrates another flow diagram for quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 27 illustrates another flow diagram for quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 28 illustrates a device stack for providing various service usage measurement techniques in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 29 illustrates another device stack for providing various service usage measurement techniques in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 30 illustrates a flow diagram for device assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 31 illustrates another flow diagram for device assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 32 illustrates another flow diagram for device assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 33 illustrates another flow diagram for device assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 34 illustrates another flow diagram for device assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 35 illustrates another flow diagram for device assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 36 illustrates another flow diagram for device assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 37 illustrates another flow diagram for device assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 38 illustrates another flow diagram for device assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 39 illustrates a network capacity controlled services priority level chart for device assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 40 depicts a diagram of a network capacity protection system utilizing device-assisted services (DAS).
FIG. 41 depicts a diagram an example of a differential access control notification system.
FIG. 42 depicts an example of a computer system on which techniques described in this paper can be implemented.
FIG. 43 depicts a diagram of an example of a system for application-specific differential network access control.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The invention can be implemented in numerous ways, including as a process; an apparatus; a system; a composition of matter; a computer program product embodied on a computer readable storage medium; and/or a processor, such as a processor configured to execute instructions stored on and/or provided by a memory coupled to the processor. In this specification, these implementations, or any other form that the invention may take, may be referred to as techniques. In general, the order of the steps of disclosed processes may be altered within the scope of the invention. Unless stated otherwise, a component such as a processor or a memory described as being configured to perform a task may be implemented as a general component that is temporarily configured to perform the task at a given time or a specific component that is manufactured to perform the task. As used herein, the term ‘processor’ refers to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores configured to process data, such as computer program instructions.
A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the invention is provided below along with accompanying figures that illustrate the principles of the invention. The invention is described in connection with such embodiments, but the invention is not limited to any embodiment. The scope of the invention is limited only by the claims and the invention encompasses numerous alternatives, modifications and equivalents. Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. These details are provided for the purpose of example and the invention may be practiced according to the claims without some or all of these specific details. For the purpose of clarity, technical material that is known in the technical fields related to the invention has not been described in detail so that the invention is not unnecessarily obscured.
As the network capacity gains are less than what is required to meet growing digital networking demand, a network capacity crunch is developing due to increasing network congestion on various wireless networks, such as mobile networks. The increasing popularity of various smart phone devices, net book devices, tablet computing devices, and various other wireless mobile computing devices, which are becoming increasingly popular on 3G, 4G, and other advanced wireless networks, is contributing to the network capacity crunch. Some network carriers have indicated that a relatively small number of users on such devices demand a disproportionately significant amount of their network capacity. For example, AT&T has recently indicated that about 3 percent of its smart phone device users (e.g., Apple iPhone® users) are generating approximately 40 percent of the operator's data traffic.
For example, in wireless networks, managing the wireless access connection capacity and network access connection resources is important to maintain network performance as network resources/capacity demand increases. Many network performance measures can be advantageously maintained or improved as network loading increases if capacity management and/or network resource management is employed. For example, these performance measures include network availability; the ability to deliver connections to all devices, users and/or applications seeking connections and enabled for service on the network; network access attempt success rate; the transmission speed experienced by one or more devices, users or applications; the average transmission speed experienced by all devices, users and/or applications; network bit error rate or packet error rate; the time delay from network access request to delivered access connection; the one-way delay or round-trip delay for a transmission; the delay timing jitter for a transmission; the time variation in transmission speed for one or more connections; the ability of the network to deliver various requested/needed levels of Quality of Service (QoS) to devices, users or applications that require differentiated connection QoS classes; the ability of the network to maintain efficiency (e.g., aggregated service throughput measured across all devices, users, and/or applications); the ability of the network to share or distribute a performance measure (e.g., the performance measures listed above) uniformly or fairly across multiple devices, users, and/or applications that all have the same service quality class or the same service plan performance parameters.
For example, if there is a limited amount of shared bandwidth for a set of user devices (e.g., a set of devices on a wireless network, such as a given base station or base station controller or femto cell or pico cell; or a set of devices on a cable modem networks, etc.), and if multiple and/or all devices allow all applications to indiscriminately access or attempt to access network resources or transmit/receive traffic, then the network can generally become overloaded. As a result, a subset of users/devices or in some cases most or all users/devices obtain poor network performance. As another example, if one or more devices forming a subset of devices on the network allow multiple and/or all applications to indiscriminately access or attempt to access network resources or transmit/receive traffic, then the network can become overloaded. As a result, a subset of users/devices or in some cases most or all users/devices obtain poor network performance.
Traditionally, mobile devices typically have specialized designs that are optimized to preserve network capacity and protect network resources from being over taxed. For example, wireless devices that browse the Internet often use specialized protocols such as WAP and data traffic compression or low resolution techniques rather than standard HTTP protocols and traffic used in wired Internet devices.
However, the wireless devices that implement specialized methods for accessing the Internet and/or other networks often implement complex specifications provided by one or more wireless carriers that own the networks that the device is designed to connect to. Such complex specifications often require time consuming design, testing, and certification processes. These processes in part have the effect of narrowing the base of device suppliers to those qualified and willing to perform the specialized design work required, slowing time to market for new devices, increasing the expense to develop new devices and reducing the types of applications that are supported.
Device OEMs have recently created wireless devices that are designed more like standard Internet devices and not fully optimized to preserve network capacity and resources. Many wireless service customers desire this type of device, and the OEMs generally want to reduce the complexity and time to market to deliver such devices. In addition, new market needs and new government requirements sometimes require that carriers offer a more open process for bringing new devices onto their network, in which the process does not require all of the specialized design and certification described above. These and various other factors are driving a growing need and trend for less complex and time consuming wireless device design and certification processes.
This trend has led many carriers to begin selling devices that are designed more as standard Internet service devices that connect to the Internet and other data networks through carrier wireless networks. As the cellular network is opened up to more and more new devices, applications and markets, there is a growing demand to allow general purpose Internet devices and applications to gain access to wireless networks without necessarily going through specialized design and certification process requirements to make the devices and applications efficient and authorized for access to such wireless networks.
However, general purpose Internet devices are not as frugal or sparing with wireless network access bandwidth. Moreover, with the advent of always on wide area network connections to the Internet has led to popular Internet services and applications that typically assume very inexpensive access and generally heed no attention to, for example, network busy state. As more general purpose Internet devices are provided for us on various wireless networks (e.g., mobile wireless networks), a high frequency of inefficient wireless network accesses continue to rise, which can reduce network capacity sometimes to levels that hinder access to service for that device (e.g., user, device, software demand) and/or other devices on that wireless network and/or that wireless network segment. As discussed above, judicious use of wireless network bandwidth, capacity, and resources generally results in better service for all users, but at present, device manufacturers and wireless network providers (e.g., wireless network carriers or carriers) have not provided or implemented more intelligent bandwidth usage techniques. These factors generally result in less carrier control of device design, which poses a threat to longer term network capacity and performance preservation as the volume of devices with less optimized wireless designs continues to grow.
There are many network performance and user performance factors that are impacted by the efficiency of the network, including, for example, overall network congestion; the access network performance experienced by one or more groups of users, devices, applications, network service sources, communication protocols, and/or operating system functions; and/or the performance experienced by a given user, device, application, network service source, communication protocol, and/or operating system function. Under a relatively low capacity demand of a wireless network, network performance as experienced by a group of devices, applications, network service sources, communication protocols, operating system functions, and/or users or by a single device, application, network service source, communication protocol, operating system function, and/or user can degrade somewhat proportionally (e.g., aggregate traffic delivered by the network may be roughly proportional to the peak available network traffic) with incremental increases in network access and/or traffic demand from one or more groups of users, devices, applications, network service sources, communication protocols and/or operating system functions. However, as network resources/network capacity demand increases (e.g., more wireless network data traffic is demanded in aggregate; more devices are serviced by the network; more users are serviced by the network; more applications are serviced by the network; more network service sources are serviced by the network; more operating system functions are serviced by the network; and/or more differentiated QoS sessions are serviced by the network), network availability/performance can decrease and/or the network may not adequately service one or more users, devices, applications, network service sources, communication protocols, and/or operating system functions, or may not service one or more groups of users, devices, applications, network service sources, communication protocols, and/or operating system functions.
There are many examples of how increasing network capacity demand can decrease network performance, including for example, to a decrease in average bandwidth offered per device (e.g., one or more users on a device, application, network service source, communication protocol, and/or operating system function executed/implemented on the device); an increase in traffic delivery latency; an increase in traffic delivery latency jitter; insufficient guaranteed or differentiated bandwidth for one or more differentiated QoS and/or dynamic QoS services (e.g., as described herein) to one or more devices, users, applications, network service sources, communication protocols, and/or operating system functions; increased latency for bandwidth reservation services; increased latency for QoS reservation services; performance problems with one or more communication protocols; unacceptable delays in user experience, and/or various other or similar consequences and device or user impacts resulting from reduced network availability and/or reduced network capacity. Examples of network communication protocols that can have degraded performance with excessive network loading or degraded network performance include, for example, Internet protocol (IP), HTML protocols, voice communication protocols including VOIP protocols, real-time video communication protocols, streaming media protocols (e.g., audio, video, etc.), gaming protocols, VPN protocols, file download protocols, background service protocols, software update protocols, and/or various other network communication protocols. Thus, is it important to preserve/protect network capacity.
It is also important to control the number of transactions demanded from a given network resource (e.g., edge network segment, base station, base station controller, MAC resources, pico cell, femto cell, etc.) in a given period of time so that demand does not overcome the transaction servicing ability of that network resource. For example, network resources that should not be subjected to excess transaction demand can include base station or base station controller resources, media access control (MAC) resources, traffic transport resources, AAA resources, security or authentication resources, home agent (HA) resources, DNS resources, resources that play a part in network discovery, gateway or router resources, data session reservation or establishment resources (e.g., network resources required to manage, set up, conduct, and/or close service sessions, PPP sessions, communication flows, communication streams, QoS flows, radio access bearer reservation resources, tunnels, VPNs, APNs, special service routing, etc.), bandwidth reservation resources, QoS reservation or coordination resources, QoS transport resources, service charging resources, traffic analysis resources, network security resources, and/or various other or similar network resources. In some networks, the network performance degradation due to a given measure of incremental increase in network resource/capacity demand can become relatively large as various network resources become increasingly taxed due to either limited transaction processing capability or limited traffic bandwidth for one or more of the network resources that participate in establishing, servicing, conducting, maintaining, and/or closing the necessary network service connections and/or information exchanges required to conduct a service activity. For example, if the equipment required to establish a PPP session can only handle a certain number of new PPP session openings and/or closings per given period of time, and if device behavior is such that PPP sessions are often opened and/or closed, then the rate of PPP session transactions (e.g., openings and/or closings) can exceed the transaction capacity of the PPP session management resources. This is sometimes referred to as “flooding” or “overloading” a network resource with excess demand or excess connections, and, in such cases, the network resource may begin falling behind in servicing transaction demand in a well controlled manner (e.g., the network resource may continue processing transactions at or near a maximum rate for that network resource), or in some cases, the resource may fall behind transaction demand in a less well controlled manner (e.g., the network resource may become overwhelmed such that its processing rate not only falls below aggregate transaction demand, but the transaction rate processing capability decreases under overload as well). In the PPP session establishment resource example, once the rate of requested transactions exceeds the resource maximum transaction rate, then unmet device demand can grow to a point where one or more devices experiences delays in connecting to and/or communicating (e.g., sending/receiving data) with the network.
As another example, in any type of random access bandwidth reservation protocol, MAC protocol, or bandwidth delivery protocol, in a network without proper management and/or control of traffic access reservations and/or transmissions, as the network demand increases there may be more collisions between reservation requests, traffic transmissions, application demands, network service source demands, communication protocol demands, and/or operating system function demands causing a decreasing network efficiency that can degrade user, device, application and/or network service performance so that performance falls below acceptable levels. As another example, in systems in which there is a QoS service session reservation system, uncontrolled and/or unmanaged QoS reservation requests and/or reservation grants can lead to a situation where the QoS reservation resources and/or QoS service delivery resources are over taxed to the point where QoS service performance falls below desired levels. As another example, in networks that require some form of minimum resource allocation for transmissions, reservations, or network resource transactions, the network can become inefficient if one or more devices, applications, network service sources, operating system functions, and/or communication protocols have a relatively high rate of network resource access attempts, network accesses or data transmissions for small transmission payloads (e.g., minimum MAC reservation factors, minimum security overhead factors, minimum QoS reservation factors, minimum time responses for establishing a base station connection, minimum time responses for establishing or closing/being released from a session, etc.). Even if the data packet comprising the access event is small, the network resources required to complete the access event are often busy servicing the access event for much longer periods of time than are required for the actual data transmission.
Another example of device service activity behavior that can have an impact on network performance is the way the device, device subsystem, and/or modem subsystem power cycling or transitions from one power save state to another. For example, establishing a basic connection from a device to a wireless base station consumes base station resources for a period of time and in some cases can also consume other network resources such as AAA, HLR, HA, gateway, billing, and/or charging gateway resources. If a device terminates the connection to the base station when the modem subsystem (e.g., or some other portion of the device) goes from active connection state to a power save state, then each time the device enters power save state and then exits power save state network resources are consumed, sometimes for time periods measured on the order of seconds or in extreme cases even minutes. If such a device has an aggressive power save algorithm that enters power save state after a short idle period, then the device behavior can consume a proportionally large amount of resources such that the network ability to support multiple devices is diminished, or such that the network cannot support very many similar devices on the network. Another similar example is the establishment of network sessions once the base station connection is established (e.g., establishing a PPP session between the device and a home agent (HA) or other gateway), in which network resources required to open and/or close the network session are ignorantly consumed if a device exhibits aggressive power save state cycling or frequently terminates the data session for other reasons.
Another example of device service activity behavior that can impact network performance is applications that maintain persistent network communication that generates a relatively high frequency of network data packets. Some applications have persistent signaling that falls into this category. Specific examples include frequent device signaling sequences to update widgets on a desktop; synchronize user data such as calendars, contacts, email, and/or other information/content; check or update email or RSS feeds; access social networking websites or tools; online text, voice or video chat tools; update real-time information; and conduct other repetitive actions. Additional application behavior that can significantly tie up network resources and capacity include, for example, conference meeting services, video streaming, content update, software update, and/or other or similar application behavior. For example, even when the user is not directly interacting with or benefiting from this type of application, the application can be running in the background and continuing to consume potentially significant network resources.
For example, the types of service activities and/or device behavior that can reduce network capacity and/or network resource availability include software updates for OS and applications, frequent OS and application background network accesses and signaling, frequent network discovery and/or signaling (e.g., EtherType messages, ARP messages, and/or other messaging related to network access), cloud synchronization services, RSS feeds and/or other background information feeds, application (e.g., web browser) or device behavior reporting, background email downloads, content subscription service updates and downloads (e.g., music/video downloads, news feeds, etc.), text/voice/video chat clients, virus updates, peer to peer networking applications, inefficient network access sequences during frequent power cycling or power save state cycling, large downloads or other high bandwidth accesses, and/or greedy application programs that continually and/or frequently access the network with small transmissions or requests for information. Various other examples will now be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
Thus, not only can network capacity, network performance, and/or network resource availability be degraded by high device transmission bandwidth demand, but other types of persistent or frequent traffic resulting from network resource requests, network data accesses or other network interaction can also degrade network capacity, network performance, and/or network resource whether or not the aggregate bandwidth demand as measured by the total data throughput is high or not. Thus, techniques are needed to preserve network capacity by, for example, differentially controlling these types of network service usage activities in various ways depending on the type of service activity requesting network access and/or requesting transactions with network resources.
Smart phones and similar devices are exacerbating the problem by making frequent queries of the wireless network as such devices move among cell sites to, while in transit, for example, push email, access social networking tools, and/or conduct other repetitive actions. While data traffic is also growing, signaling traffic is outpacing actual mobile data traffic by 30 percent to 50 percent by some estimates. For example, a Yahoo IM user may send a message but then wait a couple of seconds between messages. To preserve battery life, the smart phone typically moves into an idle mode. When the user pushes another message seconds later, the device has to set up a signaling path again, and even when the signaling resource is released by the smart phone, the network typically does not react fast enough to allow for the next station to use resources until several seconds and sometimes minutes. As a result, the base station controller in this example is spending a lot of its resources trying to process the signaling so it cannot perform other tasks, such as allocate additional resources for data network usage, and such inefficiencies exacerbate the data network capacity crunch and dropped calls on such wireless networks.
One approach used by smart phone vendors to address this problem and save battery life on their devices is to implement a fast dormancy feature, which allows the mobile device to quickly make a query to the radio network controller to release the connection so that it can return to the idle state faster. In other words, the device is relaying the fact that the phone is going dormant saving device resources (e.g., signaling channel) rather than network resources. However, the fast dormancy feature can exacerbate this problem by prematurely requesting a network release only to follow on with a request to connect back to the network or by a request to re-establish a connection with the network.
Network carriers have typically attempted to manage network capacity using various purely central/core network based approaches. For example, some carriers have indicated a robust capacity planning process and sufficient investment is needed to alleviate this growing capacity crunch. Purely centralized network solutions with no assistance from a device based software agent (or service processor) can have several limitations. For example, for some device applications, OS functions or other service usage activities, if the activity is blocked somewhere in the network behind the base station after over the air (OTA) spectrum bandwidth is consumed to open or begin to open a communication socket, then there can still be an appreciable amount of network capacity or resources consumed even though the data transfer is not allowed to complete. In addition, if the service usage activity is aggressive in re-attempting to establish the network connection to transfer the data, and the network continues to allow the OTA portion of the connection establishment but blocks the connection somewhere in the network, then a large amount of capacity can be consumed by many devices exhibiting such behavior even though no useful service is being allowed. Accordingly, some embodiments for protecting network capacity include controlling network service usage activities at the source of the demand—the device. Furthermore, in some embodiments, service usage is controlled in a manner that delays, prevents, or reduces the frequency of service usage activity re-try attempts to connect to the network.
In some cases, an additional drawback of purely centralized network solutions to protect network capacity arises when service usage activities are controlled, blocked, throttled, and/or delayed by central network equipment with no mechanisms or support to link to a device user interface (UI) to inform the user what is happening and why it is happening. This can lead to a frustrating user experience and reduced carrier customer satisfaction. Accordingly, in some embodiments, a device based UI is provided to provide the user with real time or near real time information regarding why a service usage activity is being controlled, blocked, throttled, and/or otherwise controlled in order to protect network capacity. In some embodiments, a UI is provided that also informs the user when there are options to set, control, override, or modify service usage controls for the purpose of protecting network capacity. In some embodiments, such user preference inputs also correspond to a change in service usage billing. In some embodiments, such changes in service usage billing due to capacity sparing service control changes by the user are communicated to the user via a UI notification sequence. In some embodiments, techniques for protecting network capacity employ user warnings when a service usage activity classified for differential user notification policies is likely to cause the user to go over service plan caps (e.g., total data byte count usage caps).
What is needed is intelligent network monitoring to provide real-time traffic monitoring network service usage (e.g., at the packet level/layer, network stack application interface level/layer, and/or application level/layer) of the wireless network (e.g., radio access networks and/or core networks) and to effectively manage the network service usage for protecting network capacity (e.g., while still maintaining an acceptable user experience). Using Device Assisted Services (DAS) techniques, and in some cases, network assisted/based techniques, to provide for network service usage monitoring of devices, network carriers/operators would be provided greater insight into what devices, which users and what applications, and when and where network congestion problems occur, enabling operators to intelligently add additional resources to certain areas when necessary (e.g., offloading data traffic onto femto cells or Wi-Fi hotspots and adding more network resources), to differentially control network service usage, and/or to differentially charge for network service usage based on, for example, a network busy state, for protecting network capacity.
Intelligent network monitoring of the wireless network to effectively manage network service usage for protecting network capacity can include providing Device Assisted Services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with various embodiments described herein. For example, intelligent network monitoring of the wireless network to effectively manage network service usage for protecting network capacity can include differentially controlling over the air software updates and/or performing software updates via wired connections only. As another example, intelligent network monitoring of the wireless network to effectively manage network service usage for protecting network capacity can include differentially controlling various applications that demand significant network resources or network capacity. As another example, intelligent network monitoring of the wireless network to effectively manage network service usage for protecting network capacity can include managing network access connection requests resulting from repeated power down modes in the modem, which can cause resource intensive re-connection and/or re-authentication processes. As another example, intelligent network monitoring of the wireless network to effectively manage network service usage for protecting network capacity can include techniques for keeping PPP sessions alive to avoid the need to consume network resources to re-establish PPP sessions (e.g., unless the application behavior analysis predicts that a mean access time is long enough for the PPP session to be dropped off and yet not causing overall network resource limitations).
Unlike traditional QoS techniques, which are used to establish a single end or end to end guaranteed service level(s) on a network, techniques disclosed herein for protecting network capacity facilitate implementation of services on a network to facilitate differential control of certain services to protect network capacity (e.g., to reduce network congestion, network capacity demand, network resource demand; and/or to increase network availability). As also disclosed herein, techniques disclosed herein for protecting network capacity facilitate implementation of services on a network to facilitate differential control of certain services to protect network capacity can also facilitate QoS implementations by maintaining needed levels of network capacity/availability to facilitate delivery of certain QoS levels/classes. For example, techniques disclosed herein for protecting network capacity can aggregate across multiple services and/or devices to facilitate differential control of certain services to protect network capacity. As another example, techniques disclosed herein for protecting network capacity can be used to provide for dynamic QoS classifications (e.g., dynamically assigning/classifying and reassigning/reclassifying (based on various criteria, events, and/or measures) network service usage activities to various QoS levels/classes, such as described herein) to facilitate differential control of certain services to protect network capacity.
Accordingly, Device Assisted Services (DAS) for protecting network capacity is provided. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity provides for protection of network capacity (e.g., network congestion and/or network access/resource demand and/or network availability on an edge element of the network, such as on the Radio Access Network (RAN) of a wireless network, and/or from a device to a base station/base station controller), such as by controlling network service activity usage activities of a device in wireless communication with the network to reduce demands on the network. For example, controlling network service usage activities can include classifying and/or controlling network access requests (e.g., IP address requests), network access reservation requests (e.g., a QoS reservation/sequence), network capacity/resources usage (e.g., bandwidth usage), and/or any other network service usage activities. In some embodiments, applications, OS functions, and/or other network service usage activities that request IP addresses from network address server resources are classified and/or controlled so that the IP address requests are withheld, delayed, time windowed, reduced in frequency, aggregated or otherwise controlled. In some embodiments, such “IP address request control policies” for one or more applications, OS functions, and/or other network service usage activities are set, updated, and/or modified before communicating it over a network connection to a network element (e.g., a service controller or another network element/function). In some embodiments, network service usage activities are generated/requested by applications, operating system (OS) functions, and/or other software/functions executed on a device in communication with the network. In some embodiments, it is desirable to apply a service usage control policy for the network service usage activities to protect network capacity (e.g., reduce network capacity demand). For example, some applications and/or OS functions have limited capabilities to defer certain traffic types based on fixed settings in the application, and such applications and/or OS functions typically cannot optimize network service usage activities based on a current network busy state (e.g., based on changing levels of network capacity and/or network performance available to the device). In some embodiments, the network busy state (e.g., or conversely the network availability state) is a characterization of the congestion (e.g., or conversely available capacity) of the network for one or more device connections. For example, the network busy state can provide a measure of how busy or congested the network or a network segment (e.g., network edge element) is for one or more device connections. As another example, network availability state can provide a measure of what network connection resources are available to one or more device connections. Thus, network busy state and network availability state can be viewed as converse ways of providing similar information, and as described herein with respect to various embodiments, these terms can be used interchangeably.
In some embodiments, techniques are provided for assigning a priority to a network service usage activity and controlling traffic associated with the network services usage activity based on the assigned priority. In some embodiments, techniques are provided for a implementing a differentiated and dynamic background services classification, for example, as a function of network availability state and/or network busy state.
In some embodiments, a service usage control policy is used for assisting in network access control of network service usage activities (e.g., deferring some or all of the network capacity demand from these source activities). In some embodiments, some or all of the network capacity demand is satisfied at a point where the network resources or capacity are more available or less busy. In some embodiments, techniques are provided for classifying network service activities associated with one or more applications or OS functions to a background service class and differentially controlling the background service class traffic. In some embodiments, techniques are provided for classifying one or more network service activities associated with an application or OS function to a background service class, while other network service activities associated with that application or OS function are classified to other service classes (e.g., or to different background service class priority levels).
In some embodiments, techniques are provided for determining a network busy state (e.g., for a network edge element connection to a device, such as for a RAN for the device's current wireless network access and/or to the current base station/base station controller in wireless communication with the device). In some embodiments, techniques are provided for implementing a service usage control policy to differentially control network services traffic based on a network busy state for an activity, a group of activities, or for a service class.
In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity includes monitoring a network service usage activity of the communications device in network communication; classifying the network service usage activity for differential network access control for protecting network capacity; and associating the network service usage activity with a network service usage control policy based on a classification of the network service usage activity to facilitate differential network access control for protecting network capacity.
In some embodiments, a network service usage activity is any activity by the device that includes wireless network communication. In some embodiments, an application, an operating system (OS), and/or other device function generates a network service usage activity. In some embodiments, an application, an operating system (OS), and/or other device function generates one or more network service usage activities. Examples of a network service usage activity include the following: a voice connection (e.g., coded voice connection or voice over IP (VOIP) connection), a device application or widget connection, a device OS function connection, an email text connection, an email download connection, a file download connection, a streaming media connection, a location service connection, a map services connection, a software update (e.g., application, operating system, and/or antimalware software update) or firmware update connection, a device backup connection, an RSS feed connection, a website connection, a connection to a server, a web browser connection, an Internet connection for a device based service activity, establishing a sync service account, a user data synchronization service, a device data synchronization service, a network connection flow or stream, a socket connection, a TCP connection, a destination/port assigned connection, an IP connection, a UDP connection, an HTTP or HTTPS connection, a TLS connection, an SSL connection, a VPN connection, a general network services connection (e.g., establishing a PPP session, authenticating to the network, obtaining an IP address, DNS service), and various other types of connections via wireless network communication as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
In some embodiments, a network service usage activity is classified, associated with, and/or assigned to a background class (e.g., a background service or QoS class) to facilitate differential network service usage control to protect network capacity. In some embodiments, differential network service usage control includes one or more of the following: monitoring network service usage activity; accounting for network service usage activity; reporting network service usage activity; generating a user notification for a network service usage activity; requesting a user preference for control of network service usage activity; accepting a user preference for network service usage activity; implementation of a network service usage activity policy (e.g., block/allow; traffic control techniques, such as throttle, delay, priority queue, time window, suspend, quarantine, kill, remove, and other well known traffic control techniques); implementing UI intercept procedures; generating a network busy state notification; generating a background class notification; generating a user notification for differential network service usage control of a network service usage activity; and various other techniques as described herein.
In some embodiments, a network availability state includes a state or measure of availability/capacity of a segment of a network (e.g., a last edge element of a wireless network). In some embodiments, a network busy state includes a state or measure of the network usage level or network congestion of a segment of a network (e.g., a last edge element of a wireless network). In some embodiments, network availability state and network busy state are inverse measures. As used herein with respect to certain embodiments, network availability state and network busy state can be used interchangeably based on, for example, a design choice (e.g., designing to assign background policies based on a network busy state or a network availability state yields similar results, but they are different ways to characterize the network performance and/or capacity and/or congestion). In some embodiments, network availability state and network busy state are dynamic measures as such states change based on network usage activities (e.g., based on a time of day, availability/capacity level, congestion level, and/or performance level). In some embodiments, differential network service usage control of a network service usage activity is based on a network busy state or network availability state.
In some embodiments, certain network service usage activities are classified as background services. In some embodiments, lower priority and/or less critical (and/or based on various other criteria/measures) network service usage activities are classified as background services based on a network busy state and differentially controlled based on a network busy state to protect network capacity. In some embodiments, differential network service usage control policies are based on a time of day, a network busy state, background services and/or QoS class changes based on a time of day and/or a network busy state, a random back-off for access for certain network service usage activities, a deterministic schedule for certain network service usage activities, a time windowing in which network service usage control policies for one or more service activities or background/QoS classes changes based on time of day, network busy state, a service plan, and various other criteria, measures, and/or techniques as described herein.
In some embodiments, a network capacity controlled service or network capacity controlled services class includes one or more network services (e.g., background download services and/or various other types or categories of services as described herein) selected for differential network service usage control for protecting network capacity. In some embodiments, a network capacity controlled services classification includes one or more network services associated with a network capacity controlled service/class priority setting for differential network service usage control for protecting network capacity. In some embodiments, a network capacity controlled service or network capacity controlled services class includes one or more network services associated with a QoS class for differential network service usage control for protecting network capacity. In some embodiments, a network capacity controlled service or network capacity controlled services class includes one or more network services associated with a dynamic QoS class for differential network service usage control for protecting network capacity.
For example, differentially controlling network service usage activities based on network capacity controlled services or dynamic QoS or QoS classifications can protect network capacity by, for example, improving network performance, increasing network availability, reducing network resources demand, and/or reducing network capacity demand (e.g., based on an individual device, aggregate devices connected to an edge element, and/or aggregate devices connected to many edge elements). In some embodiments, differentially controlling network service usage activities based on network capacity controlled services or dynamic QoS or QoS classifications can protect network capacity while maintaining proper device operation. In some embodiments, differentially controlling network service usage activities based on network capacity controlled services or dynamic QoS or QoS classifications can protect network capacity while maintaining an acceptable user experience (e.g., proper and/or expected device operation, proper and/or software/application/OS/function operation, avoiding (whenever possible) significant adverse impact on device functions, and/or user notifications to keep the user informed of various differential control implemented on the device).
In some embodiments, dynamic QoS classifications include QoS classifications that can be dynamically modified (e.g., reclassified, reprioritized, upgraded, and/or downgraded) based on various criteria, measures, settings, and/or user input as described herein (e.g., based on a time of day and/or day of week, based on a network busy state, based on a user preference, and/or based on a service plan). In some embodiments, the various techniques described herein related to DAS for providing network capacity and/or QoS for DAS are applied to dynamic QoS related techniques.
With the development and increasing proliferation of mass market digital communications and content distribution, communication network capacity gains are being outpaced by growing digital networking demand. For example, some industry experts project average wireless device usage of four devices per subscriber, with a mixture of general purpose devices like smart phones and computers along with special purpose devices like music players, electronic readers, connected (e.g., networked) cameras and connected gaming devices. In addition, wire line user service consumption habits are trending toward very high bandwidth applications that can quickly consume the available capacity and degrade overall network service experience if not efficiently managed. Because some components of service provider costs go up with increasing bandwidth, this trend will also negatively impact service provider profits.
There is a need for a communication system and method that provides for flexible service plans and management of user network services to provide consumer choice of more refined service plan offerings and efficient management of network capacity.
Also, it is becoming increasingly important to more deeply manage the level of services delivered to networked devices to provide cost effective services that match growing digital networking usage patterns. For example, access providers can move away from only billing for basic access and move toward billing for higher level service delivery with example services including rich Internet access and email, application based billing, content distribution, entertainment activities, information or content subscription or gaming. In addition, a growing number of new special purpose and general purpose networked devices are fueling demand for new service plans, for example, tailored to the new device usage models (e.g., a special service plan for an e-book reader device).
As network capabilities grow and new networked device offerings grow, access network service providers will realize increasing value in opening up their networks to allow innovation and expanded offerings for network service consumers. However, opening up the networks to provide efficient third party definition of alternative service and billing models requires more flexible service and billing policy management solutions. For example, machine to machine applications such as telemetry, surveillance, shipment tracking and two way power control systems are example new applications that would require new offerings to make such available to network service customers. The need to customize service offerings for these new applications requires more efficient methods for defining, testing and launching new services with more refined control of service functions and service costs. In some embodiments, this means billing for different types of service elements, such as total traffic, content downloads, application usage, information or content subscription services, people or asset tracking services, real time machine to machine information or electronic commerce transactions.
In some embodiments, network user capacity is increased and user service costs are reduced by managing and billing for service consumption in a more refined manner (e.g., to satisfy network neutrality requirements). By managing service consumption in a user friendly manner, the overall service capacity required to satisfy the user device needs can be tailored more closely to the needs of a given user thereby reducing user service costs and increasing service provider profits. For example, managing service usage while maintaining user satisfaction includes service usage policy implementation and policy management to identify, manage and bill for service usage categories, such as total traffic consumption, content downloads, application usage, information or content subscription services, electronic commerce transactions, people or asset tracking services or machine to machine networking services. As described herein, service activity is used to refer to any service usage or traffic usage that can be associated with, for example, an application; a network communication end point, such as an address, uniform resource locator (URL) or other identifier with which the device is communicating; a traffic content type; a transaction where content or other material, information or goods are transacted, purchased, reserved, ordered or exchanged; a download, upload or file transfer; email, text, SMS, IMS or other messaging activity or usage; VOIP services; video services; a device usage event that generates a billing event; service usage associated with a bill by account activity (also referred to as billing by account) as described herein; device location; device service usage patterns, device user interface (UI) discovery patterns, content usage patterns or other characterizations of device usage; or other categories of user or device activity that can be identified, monitored, recorded, reported, controlled or processed in accordance with a set of verifiable service control policies. As will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the embodiments described herein, some embodiments identify various service activities for the purpose of decomposing overall service usage into finer sub-categories of activities that can be verifiably monitored, categorized, cataloged, reported, controlled, monetized and used for end user notification in a manner that results in superior optimization of the service capabilities for various levels of service cost or for various types of devices or groups. In some embodiments, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the terms service activity or service usage are associated with categorizing and possibly monitoring or controlling data traffic, application usage, communication with certain network end points, or transactions, and it will also be apparent that in some embodiments the term service activity is intended to include one or more of the broader aspects listed above. The shortened term service usage can be used interchangeably with service activity, but neither term is intended in general to exclude any aspect of the other. In some cases, where the terms service usage or service activity are used, more specific descriptors such as traffic usage, application usage, website usage, and other service usage examples are also used to provide more specific examples or focus in on a particular element of the more encompassing terms.
In some embodiments, employing this level of service categorization and control is accomplished in a manner that satisfies user preferences. In some embodiments, employing this level of service categorization and control is accomplished in a manner that also satisfies government rules or regulations regarding open access, for example, network neutrality requirements. In some embodiments, service management solutions that also collect and/or report user or device service usage or service activity behavior to determine how best to meet the user's simultaneous desires for service quality and lower service costs are disclosed. For example, such monitoring and reporting are accomplished in a manner that includes approval by the user and in a manner that also protects the privacy of user information and service usage behavior or service activity history.
In some embodiments, a system and method is disclosed for increasing network user capacity for wireless networks in the face of increasing service demand per user by providing for a greater number of base stations, also sometimes referred to as access points, base terminals, terminal nodes or other well known acronyms, to be more easily and/or more cost effectively deployed. For example, to simplify the process of deploying base stations, the installation complexity and the network infrastructure required for the base station to obtain backhaul service to the various networks that users desire to connect with are reduced.
In some embodiments, dense base station deployments are simplified by reducing the requirement to aggregate or concentrate the base station traffic through a specific dedicated core network infrastructure, so that the base stations connect to the desired user networks through a more diverse set of local loop, back bone and core routing options. This approach also reduces network infrastructure equipment, installation and maintenance costs. In some embodiments, this is accomplished by distributing the network traffic policy implementation and control away from the core network by providing for more control for service policy implementation and management on the end user device and, in some embodiments, in the end user device with respect to certain service policies and the network (e.g., control plane servers) with respect to other service policies. For example, this approach facilitates connecting the base stations directly to the local loop Internet with a minimum of specific dedicated networking infrastructure.
In some embodiments, service and transaction billing event capture and logging are distributed to the device. For example, providing service and transaction billing event capture and logging at the device provides a greater capability to monitor, classify and control deeper aspects of service usage or service activity at the device as compared to the relatively less capability for the same in the network infrastructure (e.g., for certain traffic flows, such as encrypted traffic flows). Furthermore, billing at the device provides for very specialized with many different billing and service plans for different device and service usage or service activity scenario combinations without the problem of attempting to propagate and manage many different deep packet inspection (DPI) and traffic shaping profiles in the networking equipment infrastructure. For example, service billing at the device can provide for more sophisticated, more specialized and more scalable billing and service plans.
Another form of billing that needs improvement is electronic commerce transaction billing with device assisted central billing. Today, most central billing and content distribution models require either centralized content distribution maintained by the central service provider or central billing authority, or a centralized ecommerce website or portal traffic aggregation system controlled by the central service provider or central billing provider, or both. In such systems, content and transaction providers such as media providers, application developers, entertainment providers, transaction website providers and others must adapt their mainstream electronic offering and commerce systems, such as shopping experience websites, to fit within the various proprietary customized infrastructure and content storage solutions for ecommerce markets, such as BREW® (Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless from Qualcomm® Inc.), Symbian OS (from Symbian Software Ltd) and Apple iPhone 3G App Store (from Apple Inc.). This approach requires a large amount of unnecessary custom interface development and stifles open market creativity for HTTP, WAP or portal/widget based shopping destinations and experiences. As disclosed below, a superior approach includes device based transaction billing for an open ecosystem in which a central billing provider provides users and ecommerce transaction providers with a central billing solution and experience that does not require extensive custom development or ecommerce infrastructure interfacing.
In some embodiments, products that incorporate device assisted service policy implementation, network services and service profiles (e.g., a service profile includes a set of one or more service policy settings for the device for a service on the network) are disclosed, as described below. For example, aspects of the service policy (e.g., a set of policies/policy settings for the device for network services, typically referring to lower level settings, such as access control settings, traffic control settings, billing system settings, user notification settings, user privacy settings, user preference settings, authentication settings and admission control settings) that are moved out of the core network and into the end user device include, for example, certain lower level service policy implementations, service usage or service activity monitoring and reporting including, for example, privacy filtering, customer resource management monitoring and reporting including, for example, privacy filtering, adaptive service policy control, service network access control services, service network authentication services, service network admission control services, service billing, transaction billing, simplified service activation and sign up, user service usage or service activity notification and service preference feedback and other service capabilities.
As discussed below, product designs that move certain aspects of one or more of these service profile or service policy implementation elements into the device provide several advantageous solutions to the needs described above. For example, benefits of certain embodiments include the ability to manage or bill for a richer and more varied set of network services, better manage overall network capacity, better manage end user access costs, simplify user or new device service activation, simplify development and deployment of new devices with new service plans (e.g., service profile and billing/costs information associated with that service profile), equip central service providers with more effective open access networks for new third party solutions, simplify the equipment and processes necessary to deploy wireless base stations and simplify the core networking equipment required to deploy certain access networks.
As discussed below, there are two network types that are discussed: a central provider network and a service provider network. The central provider network generally refers to the access network required to connect the device to other networks. The central provider network generally includes the physical layer, the Media Access Control (MAC) and the various networking functions that can be implemented to perform authentication, authorization and access control, and to route traffic to a network that connects to the control plane servers, as discussed below. The service provider network generally refers to the network that includes the control plane servers. In some embodiments, a central provider network and a service provider network are the same, and in some embodiments, they are different. In some embodiments, the owner or manager of the central provider network and the owner or manager of the service provider network are the same, and in some embodiments, they are different.
In some embodiments, control of the device service policies is accomplished with a set of service control plane servers that reside in the access network or any network that can be reached by the device. This server based control plane architecture provides for a highly efficient means of enabling third party control of services and billing, such as for central carrier open development programs or Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) relationships. As device processing and memory capacity expands, moving to this distributed service policy processing architecture also becomes more efficient and economical. In some embodiments, several aspects of user privacy and desired network neutrality are provided by enabling user control of certain aspects of device based service usage or service activity reporting, traffic reporting, service policy control and customer resource management (CRM) reporting.
In many access networks, such as wireless access networks, bandwidth capacity is a valuable resource in the face of the increasing popularity of devices, applications and content types that consume more bandwidth. To maintain reasonable service profit margins, a typical present service provider practice is to charge enough per user for access to make service plans profitable for the higher bandwidth users. However, this is not an optimal situation for users who desire to pay less for lower bandwidth service usage or service activity scenarios.
Accordingly, in some embodiments, a range of service plan pricing can be enabled that also maintains service profitability for the service provider, for example, by providing a more refined set of management and control capabilities for service profiles. For example, this approach generally leads to service management or traffic shaping where certain aspects of a service are controlled down based on service policies to lower levels of quality of service. Generally, there are three problems that arise when these techniques are implemented. The first problem is maintaining user privacy preferences in the reporting of service usage or service activity required to set, manage or verify service policy implementation. This problem is solved in a variety of ways by the embodiments described below with a combination of user notification, preference feedback and approval for the level of traffic information the user is comfortable or approves and the ability to filter service usage or service activity, in some embodiments, specifically traffic usage or CRM reports so that only the level of information the user prefers to share is communicated. The second problem is satisfying network neutrality requirements in the way that traffic is shaped or services are managed. This problem is solved in a variety of ways as described in the embodiments described below by empowering the user to make the choices on how service usage, service activity, traffic usage or CRM data is managed down to control costs, including embodiments on user notification and service policy preference feedback. By allowing the user to decide how they want to spend and manage their service allowance or resources, a more neutral or completely neutral approach to network usage can be maintained by the service provider. The third problem is to help the user have an acceptable and enjoyable service experience for the lower cost plans that will result in much wider scale adoption of connected devices and applications but are more constrained on service activity usage or options or bandwidth or traffic usage. As lower cost service plans are offered, including plans where the basic connection service may be free, these service plans will require service provider cost controls to maintain profitability or preserve network capacity that result in lower limits on service usage or service activity. These lower service usage or service activity limit plans will result in more users who are likely run over service usage limits and either experience service shutdown or service cost overages unless they are provided with more capable means for assistance on how to use and control usage for the lower cost services. This problem is solved in a variety of ways with a rich collection of embodiments on user notification, service usage and cost projection, user notification policy feedback, user service policy preference feedback, and adaptive traffic shaping or service policy implementation. As described herein, some embodiments allow a wide range of flexible and verifiable service plan and service profile implementations ranging from examples such as free ambient services that are perhaps sponsored by transaction revenues and/or bill by account sponsored service partner revenues, to intermediately priced plans for basic access services for mass market user devices or machine to machine communication devices, to more expensive plans with very high levels of service usage or service activity limits or no limits at all. Several bill by account embodiments also provide for the cataloging of service usage that is not a direct benefit to end users but is needed for basic maintenance of the device control channels and access network connection, so that the maintenance traffic service cost can be removed from the user billing or billed to non-user accounts used to track or account for such service costs. These embodiments and others result in a service usage or service activity control capability that provides more attractive device and service alternatives to end users while maintaining profitability for service providers and their partners.
In some embodiments, the above described various embodiments for device based service policy and/or service profile communications control are implemented using network based service control, for example, for satisfying various network neutrality and/or privacy requirements, based on indication(s) received from the device (e.g., user input provided using the device UI using the service processor) and network based service control (e.g., using a DPI service monitor or DPC policy implementation and/or other network elements).
In some embodiments, a virtual network overlay includes a device service processor, a network service controller and a control plane communication link to manage various aspects of device based network service policy implementation. In some embodiments, the virtual network overlay networking solution is applied to an existing hierarchical network (e.g., for wireless services), and in some embodiments, is applied to simplify or flatten the network architecture as will be further described below. In some embodiments, the large majority of the complex data path network processing required to implement the richer service management objectives of existing hierarchical networks (e.g., for wireless services) are moved into the device, leaving less data path processing required in the edge network and in some cases even less in the core network. Because the control plane traffic between the service control servers and the device agents that implement service policies can be several orders of magnitude slower than the data plane traffic, service control server network placement and back-haul infrastructure is much less performance sensitive than the data plane network. In some embodiments, as described further below, this architecture can be overlaid onto all the important existing access network architectures used today. In some embodiments, this architecture can be employed to greatly simplify core access network routing and data plane traffic forwarding and management. For example, in the case of wireless networks, the incorporation of device assisted service policy implementation architectures can result in base stations that directly connect to the Internet local loop and the data traffic does not need to be concentrated into a dedicated core network. This results, for example, in a large reduction in backhaul cost, core network cost and maintenance cost. These cost savings can be re-deployed to purchase and install more base stations with smaller cells, which results in higher data capacity for the access network leading to better user experience, more useful applications and lower service costs. This flattened networking architecture also results in latency reduction as fewer routes are needed to move traffic through the Internet. In some embodiments, the present invention provides the necessary teaching to enable this powerful transformation of centralized network service architectures to a more distributed device based service architectures.
Device based billing can be compromised, hacked and/or spoofed in many different ways. Merely determining that billing reports are being received from the device, that the device agent software is present and properly configured (e.g., the billing agent is present and properly configured) is insufficient and easily spoofed (e.g., by spoofing the agent itself, providing spoofed billing reports using a spoofed billing agent or providing spoofed agent configurations). Accordingly, in some embodiments, verifiable device assisted and/or network based service policy implementation is provided. For example, verifiable service usage and/or service usage billing can be provided as described herein with respect to various embodiments.
While much of the below discussion and embodiments described below focus on paid service networks, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that many of the embodiments also apply to other networks, such as enterprise networks. For example, the same device assisted network services that create access control services, ambient activation services and other service profiles can be used by corporate IT managers to create a controlled cost service policy network for corporate mobile devices. As another example, embodiments described below for providing end user service control can also allow a service provider to offer parental controls by providing parents with access to a website with a web page that controls the policy settings for the access control networking service for a child's device.
Network Architecture for Device Assisted/Based Service Control
FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified (e.g., “flattened”) network architecture in accordance with some embodiments. As shown, this provides for a simplified service infrastructure that exemplifies a simplified and “flattened” network architecture in accordance with some embodiments that is advantageous for wireless network architectures. This also reduces the need for complex data path protocol interaction between the base station and network infrastructure. For example, in contrast to a complex edge and core network infrastructure connecting base stations to the central service provider network, as shown the base stations 125 are connected directly to the Internet 120 via firewalls 124 (in some embodiments, the base stations 125 include the firewall functionality 124). Accordingly, in some embodiments, a central provider network is no longer required to route, forward, inspect or manipulate data plane traffic, because data plane traffic policy implementation is conducted in the device 100 by the service processor 115. However, it is still an option, in some embodiments, to bring data plane traffic in from the base stations 125 to a central provider network using either open or secure Internet routing if desired. Base station control plane communication for access network AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) server 121, DNS/DHCP (Domain Name System/Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server 126, mobile wireless center 132 (sometimes referenced to in part as a home location register (HLR) or other acronym) or other necessary functions are accomplished, for example, with a secure IP tunnel or TCP connection between the central provider network and the base stations. The base station 125 is used to refer to multiple base station embodiments where the base station itself is directly connected to the RAN, or where the base station connects to a base station controller or base station aggregator function that in turn connects to the RAN, and all such configurations are collectively referred to herein as base station 125 in FIG. 1 and most figures that follow that reference base station 125 as described below.
As shown, the central provider access network is both 3G and 4G capable, the devices 100 can be either 3G, 4G or multi-mode 3G and 4G. Those of ordinary skill in the art will also appreciate that in the more general case, the network could be 2G, 3G and 4G capable, or the device could be 2G, 3G and 4G capable with all or a subset of Global System for Mobile (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 1×, High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Evolution Data Optimized (EVDO), Long Term Evolution (LTE) and WiMAX modem capability. If the devices are single mode, then the 3G devices 100 will be activated with a service profile applied to service processor 115 that is consistent with the 3G network capacity and speed, and the 4G devices will be activated with service profiles applied to service processor 115 that are consistent with 4G network capacity and speed. In both cases, the same service controller 122 manages services for both sets of devices in accordance with some embodiments. If the devices are multimode, then the service processor 115 can be activated with a dual mode service profile capability in which the service profile for 3G offers a similar rich set of services as the service profile for 4G but with, for example, scaled back bandwidth. For example, this approach is allows central providers to offer a richer set of service offerings with 3G and then migrate the same set of service offerings to 4G but with higher performance. In particular, this approach allows 3G to 4G rich service migration to occur, for example, with the only change being the increased bandwidth settings in the service profiles that will be available in 4G at the same cost as 3G with lower service profile bandwidth settings.
In some embodiments, if the devices are multimode, a network selection policy implementation within service processor 115 is provided, or in some embodiments, a network selection policy is driven by policy decisions made in service controller 122 based on service availability reports received from service processor 115. The network selection policy allows the selection of the network that corresponds to the most desirable service profile to meet the user's service preferences. For example, if the user specifies, within the framework of the service notification and user preference feedback embodiments described below, that maximum performance is the most important factor in selecting which access network to connect to, then the best profile is likely to be the 4G network as 4G is typically faster, except perhaps, for example, if the device 100 is closer to the 3G base station so that there is a much stronger signal or if the 4G network is much more heavily loaded than the 3G network. On the other hand, if the user preference set specifies cost as the most important factor, then depending on the central provider service costs the 3G network may prove to be the most desirable service profile. This is a simple example and many other selection criteria are possible in the network selection embodiment as discussed further below.
Network Based Service Usage Monitoring for Verification and Other Purposes
In some embodiments, if the base station data plane traffic is transmitted via the Internet 120 as discussed above, then IPDRs (Internet Protocol Detail Records, also sometimes and interchangeably referred to herein as Charging Data Records or CDRs, which as used herein refer to any network measure of service usage or service activity for voice and/or data traffic (e.g., IPDRs can include a time stamp, a device ID, and various levels of network measures of service usage for the device associated with that device ID, such as perhaps total traffic usage, network destination, time of day or device location)) are generated by and collected from the access network equipment. Depending on the specific network configuration, as discussed herein, for a WWAN network the IPDRs can be generated by one or more of the following: base station 125, RAN or transport gateways and AAA 121. In some access network embodiments, the IPDRs are transmitted to equipment functions that aggregated the IPDRs for the purpose of service billing and other functions. Aggregation can occur in the AAA, the transport gateways or other functions including the billing system 123. As discussed below, it is often the case that the IPDRs is assumed to be obtained from the AAA server 121 and/or a service usage data store 118 (e.g., a real-time service usage collection stored in a database or a delayed feed service usage collection stored in a database), or some other network function. However, this does not imply that the IPDRs may not be obtained from a variety of other network functions, and in some embodiments, the IPDRs are obtained from other network functions as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, existing IPDR sources are utilized to obtain network based service usage measures for multiple purposes including but not limited to service policy or profile implementation verification, triggering service verification error responds actions, and service notification synchronization. Certain types of IPDRs can be based on, or based in part on, what are sometimes referred to as CDRs (Charging Data Records, which can track charges for voice and data usage) or modifications of CDRs. Although the capability to monitor, categorize, catalog, report and control service usage or service activity is in general higher on the device than it is in the network, and, as described herein, device based service monitoring or control assistance is in some ways desirable as compared to network based implementations, as described herein many embodiments take advantage of network based service monitoring or control to augment device assisted service monitoring or control and vice versa. For example, even though many embodiments work very well with minimal IPDR service usage or service activity information that is already available in a network, deeper levels of IPDR packet inspection information in general enable deeper levels of service monitoring or service control verification, which can be desirable in some embodiments. As another example, deeper levels of network capability to control service usage or service activity can provide for more sophisticated error handling in some embodiments, for example, providing for more options of the Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN) and network quarantine embodiments as described herein. As another example, in some embodiments it is advantageous to take advantage of network based service monitoring or control for those service aspects the network is capable of supporting, while using device assisted service monitoring or control for the service aspects advantageously implemented on the device.
In some embodiments, where base station data plane traffic is backhauled and concentrated in a central provider core network 110, then the IPDRs can originate in the base stations or a router or gateway in the central provider network 110, and the IPDRs are collected at the AAA server 121 and stored in the service usage data store 118. In some embodiments, the central billing system 123 collects the IPDRs from the AAA server 121 for service billing accounting purposes. In some embodiments, a central billing system 123 collects the IPDRs directly from the initial IPDR source or some other aggregator. In some embodiments, outside partners like MVNOs gain access to the IPDRs from the central billing system 123. As discussed below, it is assumed that the IPDRs are obtained from the AAA server 121, and it is understood that the source of the IPDRs is interchangeable in the embodiments.
In some embodiments, the IPDR information is used by the service processor 115, the service controller 122 and/or other network apparatus or device apparatus to implement service control verification is provided as described below. In some embodiments, an IPDR feed (e.g., also referred to as a charging data record (CDR)) flows between network elements. For example, an IPDR feed can flow from the RAN gateway 410 (e.g., SGSN 410, BSC packet control 508 or RNC 512) and the transport gateway 420 (e.g., GGSN or PDSN). In other embodiments, the IPDRs originate and flow from the base station 125 or some other component/element in the network. In some embodiments, one or more of these IPDR feeds is transmitted to an IPDR aggregation function (e.g., also referred to as a charging gateway). For example, this aggregation function can be located in the AAA 121, in the mobile wireless center 132 (and/or in the home location register (HLR) or other similar function referred to by other common industry names), in the transport gateway 420, or in some other network element. This aggregation function collects the IPDR feeds into a database with an entry for each device 100. In some embodiments, an intermediate aggregation function is provided that feeds a higher level aggregation function, for example, the transport gateway 420 can receive IPDR feeds from the RAN gateway 410 or the base station 125 before sending them to another aggregation function. At some point in time (e.g., at the end of a specified time period, at the end of a device network connection session and/or at a specified time of day), the IPDR aggregation function sends summary information or detailed information of the IPDRs for a given device or group of devices to the billing system for billing and/or reconciliation. In some embodiments, in which the IPDR aggregation feed to the billing system is frequent enough for one or more of the IPDR information purposes described herein, the IPDR feed for the service controller 122 is derived from the aggregated feed, either by having the billing system 123 transmit it to the service controller 122, or by copying it from the IPDR aggregation function.
In some embodiments, the IPDR feed is obtained from the network function that is generating or aggregating the IPDR feed as described herein. In some embodiments, the IPDR feed is copied from the aggregation function in a manner that does not interrupt the operation of the network. For example, a switch based port analysis function can be used to copy the traffic to a traffic analysis or server element that filters out the IPDR traffic and records it to a data base that is then either pushed to the service controller 122 (or any other network element that uses IPDR information as described herein), or is queried by the service controller 122 (or any other function that uses the IPDR information as described herein). In some embodiments, if the aggregated IPDR information transmitted to the billing system is delayed from real-time traffic usage events by an amount of time that is, for example, too long for desired operation, or for any other reason that makes it less desirable to obtain the IPDR information from the same aggregated feed used for the billing system 123, the IPDR information can be collected from one or more of the sources discussed above including, for example, from another aggregation point (e.g., the feed to the charging gateway, AAA server and/or mobile wireless center/HLR), one or more of the gateways 410, 420, 508, 512, 520, 608, 612, 620, 708, 712, 720 the base station 125 and/or another network element. In some embodiments, the IPDR feeds from these or other network functions are copied to a database as described above, which is either pushed or queried to get the information to the service controller 122 or other network elements that request the IPDR information.
In some embodiments, the service processor 115 includes various components, such as device agents, that perform service policy implementation or management functions. In some embodiments, these functions include service policy or implementation verification, service policy implementation tamper prevention, service allowance or denial, application access control, traffic control, network access control services, various network authentication services, service control plane communication, device heartbeat services, service billing, transaction billing, simplified activation services and/or other service implementations or service policy implementations. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the division in functionality between one device agent and another is a design choice, that the functional lines can be re-drawn in any technically feasible way that the product designers see fit, and that the placing divisions on the naming and functional breakouts for device agents aids in understanding, although in more complex embodiments, for example, it can make sense to the product designer to break out device agent functionality specifications in some other manner in order to manage development specification and testing complexity and workflow.
In some embodiments, network control of the service policy settings and services as discussed above is accomplished with the service controller 122 which in various embodiments includes one or more server functions. As with the service processor 115 agent naming and functional break out, it is understood that service controller 122 server naming and functional breakout is also a design choice and is provided mainly to aid in the discussion. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the server names and functional breakouts do not imply that each name is an individual server, and, for example, a single named function in the various embodiments can be implemented on multiple servers, or multiple named functions in the various embodiments can be implemented on a single server.
As shown, there are multiple open content transaction partner sites 134 (e.g., open content transaction servers), which represent the websites or experience portals offered by content partners or ecommerce transaction partners of the service provider. For example, transaction servers 134 can provide an electronic commerce offering and transaction platform to the device. In some embodiments, the central provider has ownership and management of the service controller 122, so the central provider and the service provider are the same, but as discussed below the service provider that uses the service controller 122 to manage the device services by way of service processor 115 is not always the same as the central provider who provides the access network services.
In some embodiments, further distribution of central provider access networking functions such as access network AAA server 121, DNS/DHCP server 126, and other functions are provided in the base stations 125. In some embodiments, network based device service suspend/resume control are also provided in the base stations 125 (or in some embodiments, for hierarchical or overlay networks, this function is provided by one or more of the following: RAN gateways, transport gateways, AAA 121 or some other network function). As shown, the following are connected (e.g., in network communication with) the central provider network 110: central provider billing system 123, dedicated leased lines 128 (e.g., for other services/providers), central provider service controller 122, a content management (e.g., content switching, content billing, and content catching) system 130, central provider DNS/DHCP server 126, access network AAA server 121, service usage data store 118 and central provider mobile wireless center 132. These embodiments may be advantageous particularly for flat networks as that shown in FIG. 1 that are provided by the present invention.
In some embodiments, the base stations 125 implement a firewall function via firewall 124 and are placed directly onto the local loop Internet for backhaul. Voice traffic transport is provided with a secure protocol with Voice Over IP (VOIP) framing running over a secure IP session, for example, Virtual Private Network (VPN), IP Security (IPSEC) or another secure tunneling protocol. In some embodiments, the VOIP channel employs another layer of application level security on the aggregated VOIP traffic trunk before it is placed on the secure IP transport layer. Base station control traffic and other central provider traffic can be provided in a number of ways with secure transport protocols running over Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Internet Protocol (IP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP), although TCP provides a more reliable delivery channel for control traffic that is not as sensitive to delay or jitter. One example embodiment for the control channel is a control link buffering, framing, encryption and secure transport protocol similar to that described below for the service control link between a device and the network. In some embodiments, a service control heartbeat function is provided to the base stations 125 similar to that implemented between the service controller 122 and the service processor 115 as described below. If the need to maintain a bandwidth efficient control plane channel between the base stations and the central provider base station control network is not as critical as it is in the case of access network connection to the device, then there are many other approaches for implementing a secure control channel over the Internet including, for example, one or more of various packet encryption protocols running at or just below the application layer, running TCP Transport Layer Security (TLS), and running IP level security or secure tunnels.
In some embodiments, the device based services control plane traffic channel between the service processor 115 and the service controller 122 is implemented over the same control plane channel used for the flat base station control architecture, or in some embodiments, over the Internet. As discussed below, it is assumed that the device bases services control plane channel for service processor 115 to service controller 122 communications is established through the Internet 120 or through the access network using IP protocols as this is the more general case and applies to overlay network applications for various embodiments as well as applications where various embodiments are used to enable flattened access networks.
In some embodiments, by enabling the device to verifiably implement a rich set of service features as described herein, and by enabling the base station 125 to connect directly to the Internet 120 with a local firewall for device data traffic, tunnel the voice to a voice network with VOIP and secure Internet protocols, and control the base station 125 over a secure control plane channel using base station control servers located in a central provider network, base stations 125 can be more efficiently provisioned and installed, because, for example, the base station 125 can accommodate a greater variety of local loop backhaul options. In such embodiments, it is advantageous to perform certain basic network functions in the base station 125 rather than the central provider network.
In some embodiments, a basic device suspend/resume function for allowing or disallowing the device Internet access is provided by the base stations 125 (or in some embodiments, for hierarchical or overlay networks in some embodiments this function is provided by one or more of the following: RAN gateways, transport gateways, AAA 121 or some other network function). This functionality, as will be discussed below, is important for certain embodiments involving taking action to resolve, for example, service policy verification errors. In some embodiments, this function is performed at the base station (e.g., base stations 125) thereby eliminating the need for a more complex networking equipment hierarchy and traffic concentration required to perform the suspend/resume function deeper in the network. Access network base stations control media access and are therefore designed with awareness of which device identification number a given traffic packet, group of packets, packet flow, voice connection or other traffic flow originates from and terminates to. In some embodiments, the suspend/resume function is implemented in the base station 125 by placing an access control function in the traffic path of each device traffic flow. The suspend resume function can be used by various network elements, and in the context of the present embodiment can be used by the service controller 122 (e.g., in some embodiments, access control integrity server 1654 (FIG. 16) of service controller 122 or other service controller elements) to suspend and resume device service based on the assessment of the service policy implementation verification status as described below.
In some embodiments, at least a basic traffic monitoring or service monitoring function is performed at the base station (e.g., base stations 125) similar to the service history records or IPDRs collected deeper in the network in more conventional hierarchical access network infrastructure architectures. For example, the service or traffic monitoring history records are advantageous for tracking device network service usage or service activity behavior and for certain verification methods for device based service policy implementation or higher device based services as discussed below. In some embodiments, a traffic monitoring function is provided in the base station 125 in which the traffic for each device is at least counted for total traffic usage and recorded. In some embodiments, traffic inspection beyond simply counting total traffic usage is provided. For example, the base station traffic monitor can record and report IP addresses or include a DNS lookup function to report IP addresses or IP addresses and associated Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). Another example allows the base station 125 to attach location data to the IPDR to provide device location data in the records. In some embodiments, traffic inspection includes recording deeper levels of traffic or service monitoring.
In some embodiments, device traffic associated with service verification conditions indicating service usage is out of policy or profile limits or allowances is routed to a quarantine network rather than or as an initial alternative to a suspending service. For example, the advantages for this approach and a more detailed description of the quarantine network are discussed below. In some embodiments, the quarantine network capability is provided for in which rather than simply suspending device traffic completely from the network as described above, the base station 125 includes a firewall function (e.g., firewall 124) that is capable of passing device access traffic with the quarantine network destinations and blocking device access to all other destinations. In some embodiments, when it is discovered that service verification conditions indicate that service usage is out of policy or profile limits or allowances, then one or more of the following actions are taken: the user is notified of the overage condition, the user is required to acknowledge the overage condition, the user account is billed for the overage condition, and the device is flagged for further analysis by a network device analysis function or a network manager.
In some embodiments, network complexity is reduced using the device without moving completely to a flat base station network as described above. Device participation in the core network services implementation provides for numerous measures for simplifying or improving network architecture, functionality or performance. For example, two approaches are discussed below ranging from a simple overlay of the service processor 115 onto devices and the service controller 122 in a conventional hierarchical access network as illustrated in FIGS. 4 through 7, to a completely flat network as illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 3 and 8. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the disclosed embodiments provided herein can be combined with the above embodiments and other embodiments involving flat network base stations to provide several advantages including, for example, richer service capability, less access network complexity, lower access network expenses, more flexible base station deployments, or less complex or less expensive base station back haul provisioning and service costs.
In most of the discussion that follows, the network based service history records and the network based suspend-resume functionality used in certain embodiments involving service implementation verification are assumed to be derived from the device service history 1618 (as shown in FIG. 16) central provider network element and the AAA server 121 central provider network element, and in some embodiments, working in conjunction with other central provider network elements. It is understood that these functions provided by the network can be rearranged to be provided by other networking equipment, including the base station as discussed above. It is also understood that the network based device traffic monitoring, recording and reporting to the device service history 1618 element can be accomplished at the base stations. Furthermore, it is understood that while the AAA server 121 is assumed to provide the suspend/resume functionality, quarantine network routing or limited network access called for in some embodiments, the AAA server 121 can be a management device in which the actual implementation of the traffic suspend/resume, firewall, routing, re-direction forwarding or traffic limiting mechanisms discussed in certain embodiments can be implemented in the base stations as discussed above or in another network element.
In some embodiments, an activation server 160 (or other activation sequencing apparatus) provides for provisioning, as described below, of the devices 100 and/or network elements in the central provider network so that, for example, the device credentials can be recognized for activation and/or service by the network. In some embodiments, the activation server 160 provides activation functions, as described below, so that, for example, the devices can be recognized by the network, gain access to the network, be provided with a service profile, be associated with a service account and/or be associated with a service plan. As shown in FIG. 1, the activation server 160 is connected to the central provider core network 110. In this configuration, the activation server 160 acts as, an over the network or over the air, activation function. In some embodiments, the activation server 160, or variations of the activation server 160 as described below, is connected to apparatus in the manufacturing or distribution channel, or over the Internet 120, or as part of the service controller 122 to service provisioning or activation functions. In some embodiments, the activation server 160 is connected to the central provider core network 110. In some embodiments, the activation server 160 is connected to other network extensions such as an MVNO network or the Internet 120 if, for example, the routers in the service gateways or base stations have the capability to direct traffic from devices that are not fully activated or provisioned to an Internet destination, or if the service processor 115 is used for such direction. In some embodiments, the activation server 160 is included in the service controller 122.
FIG. 2 illustrates another simplified (e.g., “flattened”) network architecture including an MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) relationship in accordance with some embodiments. As shown, an open MVNO configuration is provided in a simplified network as similarly described above with respect to FIG. 1. In some embodiments, the service provider (e.g., service owner) is defined by the entity that maintains and/or manages the service controller 122 associated with and controlling the service processors 115 that are inside the devices 100 using the service. In some embodiments, the service controller 122 requires only a non-real time relatively low data rate secure control plane communication link to the service processors 115. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the service controller 122 servers can reside in any network that can connect to (e.g., be in network communication with) the Internet 120. For example, this approach provides for a more efficient provisioning of the equipment used to set up an MVNO partnership between the central provider and the service provider, and as shown in FIG. 2, an MVNO network 210 is in network communication with the Internet 120 just as with the central provider network 110 is in network communication with the Internet 120. As shown, the following are connected to (e.g., in network communication with) the MVNO core network 210: MVNO billing system 123, MVNO service controller 122, MVNO content management system 130, MVNO DNS/DHCP server 126, MVNO AAA server 121, and MVNO mobile wireless center 132.
By showing two service controllers 122, one connected to (e.g., in network communication with) the MVNO network 210 and one connected to the central provider network 110, FIG. 2 also illustrates that some embodiments allow two entities on the same access network to each use the service controller 122 and service processor 115 to control different devices and offer different or similar services. As described below, the unique secure communication link pairing that exists between the two ends of the service control link, 1691 and 1638 (as shown in FIG. 16), ensure that the two service controllers 122 can only control the devices associated with the correct service provider service profiles.
FIG. 3 illustrates another simplified (e.g., “flattened”) network architecture including two central providers in accordance with some embodiments. For example, this provides for roaming agreements while maintaining rich services across different networks with completely different access layers. As shown, the mobile devices 100 are assumed to have a dual mode wireless modem that will operate on both a 4G network, for example LTE or WiMAX, and a 3G network, for example HSPA or EVDO. One example roaming condition would be both Central Provider #1 and Central Provider #2 providing 3G and 4G network resources. In this example, the mobile devices 100 can connect to both 3G and 4G base stations 125 owned and operated by the central provider with whom they have signed up for service, or when neither is available from the central provider the user signed up with the device can roam onto the other central provider access network and still potentially offer the same rich service set using the same service profiles provided, for example, the roaming service costs are reasonable. In some embodiments, if roaming service costs are significantly more expensive than home network service costs, then the service processor 115 is configured with a roaming service profile that reduces or tailors service usage or service activity through a combination of one or more of user notification, user preference feedback regarding traffic shaping or service policy management preference collected and acted on by service processor 115, adaptive policy control in service processor 115 that tracks increasing roaming service costs and scales back service, or recognition of the change in network that causes the service controller 122 to configure service processor 115 of device 100 with a roaming service profile. In some embodiments, in roaming situations, network selection can be based on an automatic network selection with network selection being determined, for example, by a combination of user service profile preferences, service provider roaming deals and/or available roaming network capabilities and cost, as discussed further below.
In some embodiments, the devices 100 are again assumed to be multimode 3G and 4G devices (e.g., the mobile devices 100 are assumed to have a dual mode wireless modem that will operate on both a 4G network, for example LTE, and a 3G network, for example HSPA or EVDO), with the devices 100 being billed for service by Central Provider #1 being, for example, EVDO and LTE capable, and the devices 100 being billed for service by Central Provider #2 being, for example, HSPA and LTE capable. For example, the devices 100 can roam using the 4G LTE network of the roaming central provider when neither the 3G nor 4G networks are available with the home central provider. As similarly discussed above with respect to the above described roaming embodiments, the service processors 115 and service controllers 122 are capable of providing similar services on the 4G roaming network and the 3G home network as on the 4G home network, however, the varying costs and available network capacity and speed differences of 3G home, 4G roaming and 4G home may also encourage the use of different, such as three different, service profiles to allow for the most effective and efficient selection and control of services based on the current network.
FIG. 4 illustrates a network architecture including a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) overlay configuration in accordance with some embodiments. As shown, FIG. 4 includes a 4G/3G/2G HSPA/Transport access network operated by a central provider and two MVNO networks 210 operated by two MVNO partners. In some embodiments, the central provider can offer improved service capabilities using a conventional UMTS network. As shown, the base stations 125 do not connect directly to the Internet 120, and instead the base stations 125 connect to the conventional UMTS network. However, as in various previous embodiments, the service processor 115 still connects through the secure control plane link to service controller 122. In some embodiments, the data plane traffic is backhauled across the various UMTS network routers and gateways as is the control plane traffic, and the IPDRs are obtained from the access network AAA server 121. Referring now to the 4G/3G/2G HSPA/Transport access network as shown in FIG. 4, the LTE/HSPA and HSPA/GPRS base stations/nodes 125 are in communication with 4G/3G/2G Service/Serving GPRS Support Nodes (SGSNs) cluster 410 via a radio access network 405, which are in communication with 4G/3G/2G Gateway GPRS Support Nodes (GGSNs) cluster 420 via an access transport network 415 (e.g., a GPRS-IP network), which are then in communication with central provider core network 110.
As shown in FIG. 4, as discussed elsewhere, service usage data store 118 is a functional descriptor for a network level service usage information collection and reporting function located in one or more of the networking equipment boxes attached to one or more of the sub-networks in the figure (e.g., RAN, transport and/or core networks). As shown in FIG. 4, service usage 118 is shown as an isolated function connected to the central provider core network 110 and the intention of this depiction is to facilitate all the possible embodiments for locating the service usage 118 function. In some UMTS network embodiments, the service usage 118 function is located or partially located in the GGSN gateway (or gateway cluster) 420. In some embodiments, service usage 118 functionality is located or partially located in the SGSN gateway (or gateway cluster) 410. In some embodiments, service usage 118 functionality is located or partially located in the equipment cluster that includes the AAA 121 and/or the mobile wireless center 132. In some embodiments, service usage 118 functionality is located or partially located in the base station, base station controller and/or base station aggregator, collectively referred to as base station 125 in FIG. 4 and many other figures described herein. In some embodiments, service usage 118 functionality is located or partially located in a networking component in the transport network 415, a networking component in the core network 110, the billing system 123 and/or in another network component or function. This discussion on the possible locations for the network based service usage history logging and reporting function can be easily generalized to all the other figures described herein by one of ordinary skill in the art (e.g., RAN Gateway 410 and/or Transport Gateway 420), and this background will be assumed even if not directly stated in all discussion above and below.
In some embodiments, a central provider provides open development services to MVNO, Master Value Added Reseller (MVAR) and/or Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) partners. In some embodiments, all three service providers, central provider service provider, MVNO #1 service provider and MVNO #2 service provider have service control and billing control of their own respective devices 100 through the unique pairing of the service processors 115 and service controllers 122. For example, MVNO #1 and MVNO #2 can each have open development billing agreements with the central provider and each can own their respective billing systems 123. As shown in FIG. 4, MVNO #1 core network 210 is in communication with the central provider core network 110 via the Internet 120, and MVNO #2 core network 210 is in communication with the central provider core network 110 via an alternate landline (LL)/VPN connection 425. In some embodiments, the two MVNOs each offer completely different devices and/or services, and the devices and/or services also differ significantly from those offered by the central provider, and the service profiles are adapted as required to service the different devices and respective service offerings. In addition, the central billing system 123 allows all three service provider user populations to access ecommerce experiences from transaction provider partners operating transaction servers 134, to choose central provider billing options that combine their third party transaction bills on their service provider bill, and each subscriber population can experience a service provider specified look and feel that is unique to the respective service provider even though the different user populations are interfacing to the same transaction servers and the transaction partners do not need to require significant custom development to provide the unique central billing and unique consistent user experience look and feel.
In some embodiments, a central provider offers open network device and service developer services using one service controller server 122 (e.g., a service controller server farm) and allows the open development partners to lease server time and server tools to build their own service profiles. The central provider also provides service billing on behalf of services to the open development partners. For example, this reduces costs associated with setting up an MVNO network for the open development partners and does not require the partners to give up significant control or flexibility in device and/or service control.
FIG. 5 illustrates a network architecture including an Evolution Data Optimized (EVDO) overlay configuration in accordance with some embodiments. This figure is similar to FIG. 4 except for the various particular variations of the EVDO network architecture as compared to the HSPA/GPRS wireless access network architecture as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. As shown, FIG. 5 includes an EVDO access network operated by a central provider and two MVNO networks 210 operated by two MVNO partners. The EVDO access network includes LTE/EVDO and EVDO/1×RTT base stations 125 in communication with Base Station Controller (BSC) packet control 508 and radio network controller 512 via a radio access network (RAN) 405, which are in communication with packet data service node 520 via an access transport network 415, which is in communication with central provider core network 110. As shown, a RAN AAA server 521 is also in communication with the access transport network 415.
In some embodiments, the central provider can offer improved service capabilities using a wireless access network. As shown, the base stations 125 do not connect directly to the Internet 120, and instead the base stations 125 connect to the wireless access network. However, as in various previous embodiments, the service processor 115 still connects through the secure control plane link to service controller 122. In some embodiments, the data plane traffic is backhauled as shown across the various network routers and gateways as is the control plane traffic, and the IPDRs are obtained from the access network AAA server 121.
FIG. 6 illustrates a network architecture including a 4G LTE and Wi-Fi overlay configuration in accordance with some embodiments. This figure is also similar to FIG. 4 except for the various particular variations of the 4G LTE/Wi-Fi network architecture as compared to the HSPA/GPRS wireless access network architecture as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill. As shown, FIG. 6 includes a 4G LTE and Wi-Fi access network operated by a central provider and two MVNO networks 210 operated by two MVNO partners. The 4G LTE/Wi-Fi access network as shown includes LTE eNodeB and HSPA/EVDO base stations 125 in communication with Base Station Controller (BSC) packet control (EVDO & 1×RTT) 608 and SGSN (HSPA & GPRS) 612 via a radio access network (RAN) 405, which are in communication with System Architecture Evolution (SAE) Gateway (GW) 620 via an access transport network 415, which is then in communication with central provider (core) network 110. As shown, a Mobile Management Entity (MME) server 619 is also in communication with the access transport network 415. Also as shown, a Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) 602 is also in communication with the access transport network 415 via Wi-Fi Access Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) 704. As will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, the embodiments of network architectures shown, for example, in FIGS. 1-8 are exemplary network architecture embodiments in which one or more of the shown network elements may not be required or included, alternative network elements included, and/or additional network elements included based on network design choices, network standards and/or other functional/design considerations and choices.
In some embodiments, the central provider can offer improved service capabilities using the wireless access network as depicted in FIG. 6. As shown, the base stations 125 do not connect directly to the Internet 120, and instead the base stations 125 connect to the wireless access network. However, as in various previous embodiments, the service processor 115 still connects through the secure control plane link to service controller 122. In some embodiments, the data plane traffic is backhauled as shown across the various network routers and gateways as is the control plane traffic, and the IPDRs are obtained from the access network AAA server 121. Accordingly, as shown in FIGS. 4 through 6, various embodiments can be implemented independent of the wireless access network technology, and for example, can be implemented in 3G, 4G and any other wireless access network technology.
FIG. 7 illustrates a network architecture including a WiMAX and Wi-Fi overlay configuration in accordance with some embodiments. This figure is also similar to FIG. 4 except for the various particular variations of a combined WiMAX/Wi-Fi network as compared to the HSPA/GPRS wireless access network architecture as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. As shown, FIG. 7 includes both a WiMAX and Wi-Fi network (e.g., a combined WiMAX/Wi-Fi network) operated by a central provider and two MVNO networks 210 operated by two MVNO partners. Although the Wi-Fi and WiMAX access technologies are different wireless access networking technologies, with WiMAX providing a wide area networking technology and Wi-Fi providing a local area networking technology, which efficiently operates using the two wireless access networking capabilities. As similarly discussed above with respect to the switching between 3G and 4G networks, some embodiments employ the automatic network selection capability as described above to choose the best available network service profile, and, for example, the user can force the decision or the service controller can make the decision. For example, if free Wi-Fi services have adequate coverage, in most cases, the decision criteria programmed into the automatic network selection algorithm will select Wi-Fi as long as the Wi-Fi access points are associated with a known and trusted provider. In some embodiments, transaction billing from central provider billing system 123 or MVNO #1 or MVNO #2 billing systems 123 will work with the transaction servers when connected over Wi-Fi just as when connected over any other access technology (including wire line based connections). The WiMAX/Wi-Fi access network as shown includes WiMAX base stations 125, Wi-Fi access points/hotspots 702 and/or Wi-Fi mesh access networks 702 (in some embodiments, femto cells can be used in addition to and/or as an alternative to Wi-Fi), and Wi-Fi access customer-premises equipment (CPE) 704 in communication with WiMAX service controller 708 and Wi-Fi service controller 712 via a radio access network 405, which are in communication with WiMAX core gateway 720 via an access transport network 415, which is then in communication with central provider (core) network 110.
In some embodiments, the central provider can offer improved service capabilities using the wireless access network as depicted in FIG. 7. As shown, the base stations 125 do not connect directly to the Internet 120, and instead the base stations 125 connect to the wireless access network. However, as in various previous embodiments, the service processor 115 still connects through the secure control plane link to service controller 122. In some embodiments, the data plane traffic is backhauled as shown across the various network routers and gateways as is the control plane traffic, and the IPDRs are obtained from the access network AAA server 121.
Referring to FIG. 7, the Wi-Fi connection can be replaced with a femto cell (and the Wi-Fi modem shown in FIGS. 15D and 15E can be replaced with a femto cell modem (base station side functionality)). In some embodiments, the service processor 115 is provided on the femto cell to control subscriber access in a verifiable manner as similarly described herein with respect to various embodiments (e.g., the Wi-Fi related embodiments). For example, the femto cell service provider (e.g., the entity that owns the spectrum the femto cell is using) can operate the femto cell as a local access mechanism for the home subscriber (or other who purchased or installed the femto cell), and then also use it to provide pay-for-service or additional free services, with controlled access and/or traffic control and/or service control and/or billing control performed locally or in combination with network equipment as described herein. In some embodiments, the WWAN devices being used at home or work with the femto cell include a portion of the service processor functionality. For example, this allows the service provider for femto cells to provide service and monetize service in a controlled way even though the femto cell is not connected to the service provider network the way conventional base stations are connected to the service provider network, but is connected through the Internet 120. For example, the secure heartbeat function can be extended to include data traffic so that it is encrypted and secured along with the control plane traffic. The decision of whether or not to admit a device onto the femto cell can be made through the service processor 115 connection to the service controller 122 and subsequent look up of the credentials for the device and the associated service plan and service profile that is then programmed into the service processor on the femto cell and/or the device itself. The femto cell can also offer a landing page to devices through the service processor so that devices that do not belong to the network can gain access to the network by signing up over the femto cell. For example, the intermediate device embodiments for Wi-Fi on one end and WWAN on the other can be accomplished by using the Wi-Fi connection in the cell phone in AP mode so that it becomes the intermediate device. The service processor 115 on the cell phone can then act in the same manner as described for the intermediate device as described herein.
FIG. 8 illustrates another simplified (e.g., “flattened”) network architecture including multiple wireless access networks (e.g., 3G and 4G Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs)) and multiple wire line networks (e.g., Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) and Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) wire line networks) in accordance with some embodiments. It is a common network architecture for multi-access central providers to have one or more wired access networks and one or more wireless access networks. As shown, FIG. 8 includes both 3G and 4G wireless access networks, including a 4G base station 125 and a 3G base station 125, and both DOCSIS and DSLAM wire line networks (e.g., a combined WWAN/wire line network), including DOCSIS Head End 125 and DSLAM 125, operated by a central provider via central provider (core) network 110 and an MVNO partner via MVNO network 210 via the Internet 120.
As shown, the service processor 115 can reside on a number of different types of devices 100 that work on 3G or 4G wireless, DSL or DOCSIS, and the service controller 122 is capable of controlling each of these types of devices with a consistent service experience, for example, using different service profiles, service capabilities and service profile cost options depending on which network the device is connected to and/or other criteria. For example, a download of a High Definition (HD) movie can be allowed when the service controller 122 is managing service profile policies for a service processor 115 residing on a DOCSIS device 100 (e.g., a computer or laptop connected to a cable modem), but not when the same service controller 122 is managing service profile policies for a service processor 115 residing on a 3G device 100 (e.g., a smart phone connected to a mobile 3G network).
As will now be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the above description of FIGS. 1 through 8, the present invention can be provided across any access network and a set of service profiles can be defined in a variety of ways including, for example, to user preference feedback, access network performance, access network cost, access network central provider partnership status with the service provider central provider and roaming deals and costs. For example, as discussed below, various embodiments allow for users to have superior service experiences based on the ability to control certain of their service settings, and service providers can also more efficiently deploy a greater variety of services/service plans to users.
In some embodiments, the service processor 115 and the service controller 122 provide an overlay for existing networks without significantly changing the billing system 123, gateways/routers or other network components/elements, and also provide verifiable service monitoring to control services and/or service usage/costs without involving, for example, a service provider or MVNO (e.g., for smart phone devices and/or laptops or netbooks (or any other network accessible device) with an unlimited data plan or any other service plan). For example, applications that are deployed by device owners or service subscribers (e.g., an IT manager) and do not involve a service provider include roaming services provided as an after-market product without carrier/service provider involvement. In this example, device activity is recorded by the service processor 115 and transmitted to the service controller 122 (e.g., the IT manager controls the service controller 122). In another example, a third party after-market product is provided in which the service controller 122 is hosted by the third party and the device management entity (e.g., the IT manager or parents of the device user for parental controls) uses a secure Virtual Service Provider (VSP) website to control the devices that belong to that management entity's device partition. The VSP secure website techniques described herein can also be applied to service provider owned servers with device partitions for the purpose of controlling, for example, Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) controllers to provide similar or substantially equivalent service usage/control capabilities using network based service control techniques (e.g., IT manager VSP control of a group partition and/or MVNO VSP control of a group partition).
Service Processor Configurations for Devices
FIG. 9 illustrates a hardware diagram of a device 100 that includes a service processor 115 in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 9, the service processor 115 is stored in a non volatile memory 910 and a memory 920 of the device 100. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, the present invention can operate with virtually any device architecture, and the device architectures discussed herein (e.g., with respect to FIGS. 9-14 and 15A-15F) are examples of various implementations on certain devices (e.g., of different representations of device 100).
As shown in FIG. 9, device 100 also includes a processor 930, sometimes referred to as a CPU or central processor unit, an APU or application processor unit, a core processor, a computing device, or many other well known terms. In some embodiments, device 100 includes one or more processors and/or a multicore processor. As shown, processor 930 includes a sub-processor 935. In some embodiments, processor 930 and/or sub-processor 935 are based on an architecture sometimes referred to as a complex instruction set computer or CISC, a reduced instruction set computer or RISC, a parallel processor, a combination of two or more architectures or any other processor architecture. In some embodiments, processor 930 has a design that is based on logic and circuitry from one or more standard design library or published architecture, or includes specialized logic and circuitry designed for a given device 100 or collection of such devices. In some embodiments, a device includes more than one processor and/or sub-processor, and in such a device, one processor and/or sub-processor can have one architecture while another may have a somewhat different or completely different architecture. In some embodiments, one or more of the processors and/or sub-processors can have a general purpose architecture or instruction set, can have an architecture or instruction set that is partially general or partially specialized, or can have an instruction set or architecture that is entirely specialized. In some embodiments, a device includes more than one processor and/or sub-processor, and in such a device, there can be a division of the functionality for one or more processors and/or sub-processors. For example, one or more processors and/or sub-processors can perform general operating system or application program execution functions, while one or more others can perform communication modem functions, input/output functions, user interface functions, graphics or multimedia functions, communication stack functions, security functions, memory management or direct memory access functions, computing functions, and/or can share in these or other specialized or partially specialized functions. In some embodiments, any processor 930 and/or any sub-processor 935 can run a low level operating system, a high level operating system, a combination of low level and high level operating systems, or can include logic implemented in hardware and/or software that does not depend on the divisions of functionality or hierarchy of processing functionality common to operating systems.
As shown in FIG. 9, device 100 also includes non-volatile memory 910, memory 920, graphics memory 950 and/or other memory used for general and/or specialized purposes. As shown, device 100 also includes a graphics processor 938 (e.g., for graphics processing functions). In some embodiments, graphics processing functions are performed by processor 930 and/or sub-processor 935, and a separate graphics process 938 is not included in device 100. As shown in FIG. 9, device 100 includes the following modems: wire line modem 940, WWAN modem 942, USB modem 944, Wi-Fi modem 946, Bluetooth modem 948, and Ethernet modem 949. In some embodiments, device 100 includes one or more of these modems and/or other modems (e.g., for other networking/access technologies). In some embodiments, some or all of the functions performed by one or more of these modems are performed by the processor 930 and/or sub processor 935. For example, processor 930 can implement some or all of certain WWAN functional aspects, such as the modem management, modem physical layer and/or MAC layer DSP, modem I/O, modem radio circuit interface, or other aspects of modem operation. In some embodiments, processor 930 as functionality discussed above is provided in a separate specialized processor as similarly shown with respect to the graphics and/or multimedia processor 938.
As also shown in FIG. 9, device 100 includes an internal (or external) communication bus structure 960. The internal communication bus structure 960 generally connects the components in the device 100 to one another (e.g., allows for intercommunication). In some embodiments, the internal communication bus structure 960 is based on one or more general purpose buses, such as AMBA, AHP, USB, PCIe, GPIO, UART, SPI, I2C, Fire wire, DisplayPort, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, IRDA, and/or any other bus and/or I/O standards (open or proprietary). In some embodiments, the bus structure is constructed with one or more custom serial or parallel interconnect logic or protocol schemes. As will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, any of these or other bus schemes can be used in isolation and/or in combination for various interconnections between device 100 components.
In some embodiments, all or a portion of the service processor 115 functions disclosed herein are implemented in software. In some embodiments, all or a portion of the service processor 115 functions are implemented in hardware. In some embodiments, all or substantially all of the service processor 115 functionality (as discussed herein) is implemented and stored in software that can be performed on (e.g., executed by) various components in device 100. FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment in which service processor 115 is stored in device memory, as shown, in memory 920 and/or non-volatile memory 910, or a combination of both. In some embodiments, it is advantageous to store or implement certain portions or all of service processor 115 in protected or secure memory so that other undesired programs (and/or unauthorized users) have difficulty accessing the functions or software in service processor 115. In some embodiments, service processor 115, at least in part, is implemented in and/or stored on secure non-volatile memory (e.g., non volatile memory 910 can be secure non-volatile memory) that is not accessible without pass keys and/or other security mechanisms. In some embodiments, the ability to load at least a portion of service processor 115 software into protected non-volatile memory also requires a secure key and/or signature and/or requires that the service processor 115 software components being loaded into non-volatile memory are also securely encrypted and appropriately signed by an authority that is trusted by a secure software downloader function, such as service downloader 1663 as discussed below (and as shown in FIG. 16). In some embodiments, a secure software download embodiment also uses a secure non-volatile memory. Those of ordinary skill in the art will also appreciate that all memory can be on-chip, off-chip, on-board and/or off-board. In some embodiments, the service processor 115 which as shown in FIG. 9 is stored or implemented in non volatile memory 910 and memory 920, can be implemented in part on other components in device 100.
As shown, device 100 also includes a user interfaces device component 980 for communicating with user interface devices (e.g., keyboards, displays and/or other interface devices) and other I/O devices component 985 for communicating with other I/O devices. User interface devices, such as keyboards, display screens, touch screens, specialized buttons or switches, speakers, and/or other user interface devices provide various interfaces for allowing one or more users to use the device 100.
FIG. 10 illustrates another hardware diagram of a device 100 that includes a service processor 115 in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 10, the service processor 115 is implemented on the processor 930 of the device 100. In some embodiments, this implementation can be in part or whole accomplished in software stored, implemented and/or executed on the processor 930. In some embodiments, the implementation and/or execution can be in part or whole accomplished in hardware that is on the processor 930. While the service processor 115 is shown in FIG. 10 as stored, implemented and/or executed on the processor 930, in other embodiments, the service processor 115 is implemented in part on other components in device 100, for example, as discussed below.
Service Processor Implemented on a Communications Modem
FIG. 11 illustrates another hardware diagram of a device 100 that includes a service processor 115 in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 11, the service processor 115 is implemented on the WWAN modem 942 of the device 100. In some embodiments, this implementation can be in part or whole accomplished in software stored, implemented and/or executed on the WWAN modem 942. In some embodiments, the implementation and/or execution can be in part or whole accomplished in hardware that is on the WWAN modem 942. In some embodiments, service process 115 is implemented on another modem component of device 100 and/or one or more of the modem components of device 100.
In some embodiments, the service processor 115 is implemented on a modem processor (e.g., WWAN modem 942 or WWAN/Wi-Fi modem), and the service processor 115 can be installed and/or executed in protected and/or secure memory or processor hardware on the modem. The modem memory can be made robust to hacking or tampering and, in some embodiments, is only accessible from a secure network management channel or secure device management port and not by most end users. In some embodiments, a portion of the service processor 115 is implemented on a modem processor (e.g., WWAN modem 942 hardware or software), and a portion of the service processor 115 is implemented on another device 100 processor 930. For example, the device service monitor agent 1696 and one or more service usage measurement points can be implemented on a modem processor, and other service processor 115 elements can be implemented in the main device operating system processor 930. As another example, a second (or first) service monitor agent 1696 and one or more service usage measurement points can be implemented on a modem processor, and a first (or second) service monitor 1696 with one or more service measurement points can be implemented on the main operating system processor 930 for device 100. For example, such embodiments can be configured to provide a service usage measurement and reporting system that offers a diversified countermeasure to protect against hacking, tampering or other errors for device based service usage measurements that can be made harder to hack or tamper with than certain software embodiments on the processor 930. For example, such embodiments can be employed when one or more of the following capabilities are not available: network based service usage measures, network based service profile or policy implementation verification measures, and network based service usage verification error response action capabilities.
In some embodiments, certain portions of the service processor 115 that deal with application layer service monitoring or traffic flow identification (e.g., tagging or traffic flow shaping as disclosed elsewhere) are implemented on a main processor 930, and other portions of the service processor 115 are implemented on a modem processor (e.g., WWAN modem 942).
In some embodiments, the WWAN modem is a wide area access technology modem such as 2G, 2.5G, 3G or 4G. As discussed above and below, the connection to the WWAN modem 942 can be a connection internal to device 100, for example a USB, GPIO, AMBA or other bus, or can be a connection that extends external to the device such as for example a USB, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or other LAN or PAN connection. Three example embodiments in which the bus is internal to the device are as follows: a PCIe modem card running over USB or PCIe, a GPIO connection running from a processor 930 chipset to a modem chipset inside a mobile device, or a Wi-Fi connection running from a Wi-Fi modem inside of device 100 to an intermediate modem or networking device combination that forwards the access network traffic between the access network connection and the device via the Wi-Fi connection. In some embodiments, in addition to the service processor 115 being implemented on the WWAN modem 942 either internal or external to the device 100, similarly service processor 115 can be implemented on a wire line modem 940, such as DSL, Cable or fiber, another wireless LAN or PAN modem, such as Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Bluetooth modem 948, White Space, or some other modem, connected internal to device 100 or external to device 100 via a LAN or PAN extension of internal or external communications bus structure 960.
In some embodiments, a complete turn-key reference design product for the device modem (one or more of 942, 946, 948, 949, 944, 940) combined with a built-in service processor 115, possibly with a well defined and documented application interface and a well defined and documented service processor developers kit (SPDK) provides for a powerful product embodiment for the purpose of achieving mass market distribution and usage for the modem with service processor 115 and associated service controller 122 features. For example, embodiments that include the WWAN modem 942, possibly in combination with one or more additional modems including Wi-Fi modem 946, bluetooth modem 948, USB modem 944 and Ethernet modem 949, can be combined with a pre-tested or pre-certified integrated embodiment of the service processor 115, possibly in combination with a well defined API for writing software applications that interface to, reside on or communicate with this turn-key modem embodiment. As disclosed herein, the advantageous capabilities of the service processor 115, possibly in conjunction with the service controller 122, to assist in monitoring, control, billing and verification for services is made more available for device 100 manufacturers in such a form, because the manufacturers do not need to spend as much time and resources to develop a custom modem only for a subset of devices that the turn-key modem can be used to support. In some embodiments, the service processor 115, as discussed herein, can be configured to provide device assisted service monitoring, control, billing and/or verification across not just when connected to the WWAN network via the WWAN modem, but also when connected to the other networks corresponding to the other access modems included in the turn-key combined module plus service processor 115 (or SPDK or chipset plus service processor 115) design. The pre-integrated service processor 115 and API possibly in combination with testing and certification can be packaged in a small form factor that may have standardized interfaces such as USB, PCIe, firewire, Display Port, GPIO, or other interface. The form factor may be miniaturized into standard configurations such as minicard, half minicard or even smaller form factors, or it can be designed into a non-standard or proprietary form factor. The module form factor can be well documented to simplify integration into various device 100 designs. The SPDK embodiments can be designed to contain one or more of the following: hardware integration and use documentation, software integration documentation, software programming documentation, application interface documentation, service controller documentation, overall testing guidelines and overall use guidelines. In some embodiments, the modem module can be integrated with the service processor 115 functionality as a combined chipset, firmware and/or software product, with other SPDK features very similar to those listed above. The service controller programming guide for these turn-key embodiments can also be documented for the SPDK service processor 115 software, turn-key module with service processor 115 or integrated chipset with service processor 115. Accordingly, these embodiments provide various solutions to simplify the OEM task of integrating, developing, testing and shipping device 100 products (or integrated networking device products) with any of the device assisted service monitoring, control, billing or verification capabilities disclosed herein.
FIG. 12 illustrates another hardware diagram of a device 100 that includes a service processor 115 in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 12, the service processor 115 is implemented on the other I/O devices component 980 of the device 100. In some embodiments, this implementation can be in part or whole accomplished in software stored, implemented and/or executed on the other I/O devices component 980 (e.g., a SIM/USIM card or other secure hardware I/O device). In some embodiments, the implementation and/or execution can be in part or whole accomplished in hardware that is on the other I/O devices component 980.
As discussed above, various embodiments include product designs in which the service processor 115 resides on device volatile or non-volatile memory (see FIG. 9), the device application processor or CPU (see FIG. 10), the wireless access modem (see FIG. 11) (or any other modem), or another I/O device (see FIG. 12). While these are just a few of the example service processor 115 placement embodiments, these embodiments show that the placement of where the software or hardware for implementing the service processor 115 can reside in the device 100 is very flexible and can be implemented in a myriad of places and ways depending on the device and/or other technical design choices.
FIG. 13 illustrates another hardware diagram of a device 100 that includes a service processor 115 implemented in external memory of a System On Chip (SOC) 1310 in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 13, the service processor 115 is implemented on the external memory 1320 of the device 100. In some embodiments, this implementation can be in part or whole accomplished in software stored, implemented and/or executed on the external memory 1320. In some embodiments, the implementation and/or execution can be in part or whole accomplished in hardware that is on the external memory 1320. In some embodiments, SOC chipset 1310 and external memory 1320 provide a portion or all of the hardware of device 100.
FIG. 14 illustrates another hardware diagram of a device 100 that includes a service processor 115 implemented in external memory of a System On Chip (SOC) 1310 in accordance with some embodiments. As shown, the service processor 115 is stored in a non volatile memory 910 and a memory 920 of the SOC chipset 1310, as similarly discussed above with respect to FIG. 9. In some embodiments, SOC chipset 1310 and external memory 1320 provide a portion or all of the hardware of device 100.
As similarly discussed above with respect to FIGS. 9 through 12, various embodiments include product designs including the SOC chipset 1310 in which the service processor 115 resides on internal volatile or non-volatile memory 910 of the SOC chipset 1310 (see FIG. 14), the device application processor or CPU 930 and/or sub processor 935, the modems 940, 942, 944, 946, 948, and/or 949 (or any other modem), another I/O device 985, and/or external memory 1320 (see FIG. 13) (and/or any combinations thereof). While these are just a few of the example service processor 115 placement embodiments, these embodiments show that the placement of where the software or hardware for implementing the service processor 115 can reside in the SOC chipset 1310 and/or the external memory 1320 of the device 100 is very flexible and can be implemented in a myriad of places and ways depending on the device and/or other technical design choices.
The above discussion with respect to FIGS. 9 through 14 illustrating various internal hardware embodiments for device 100 applies equally to this partitioning of device functionality or any other partitioning of how the components in device 100 are configured, whether they are all separate components, some of the components are combined into a single chipset but there are still multiple chipsets, or all of the components are combined into a chipset. For example, FIGS. 9 through 14 illustrating various internal hardware embodiments for device 100 show several access modem components including the wire line modem 940, wireless wide area network (WWAN) modem 942, USB modem 944, Wi-Fi modem 946, Bluetooth modem 948, and Ethernet modem 949. In some embodiments, wire line modem 940 is a DSL or cable modem such as DOCSIS, or some other modem with a hard connection such as fiber. In some embodiments, as discussed above and below, connection to the wire line or wireless access network is accomplished through an extension of the internal or external communications bus structure 960. For example, such an extension is accomplished using one or the other modems, such as Wi-Fi modem 946 or Ethernet modem 949, connecting to a local area network that in turn connects to the access network via a device that bridges the local area network to the access network. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that when discussing device connection to any access network the connection can be via a direct connection to the network, such as a 3G or 4G WWAN modem 942 connection to a 3G or 4G WWAN network, or can be a connection to the access network through an intermediate connection, such as a Wi-Fi modem 946 connection to a modem or networking device combination that has a Wi-Fi LAN connection and a 3G or 4G network access network connection. Another example of an extended modem connection embodiment includes a Wi-Fi modem 946 device connection to a modem or networking device combination that includes a Wi-Fi LAN connection and a DOCSIS or DSL network access connection. Other examples of such combinations will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
Service Processor Configurations for Intermediate Networking Devices
FIGS. 15A through 15F illustrate hardware diagrams of a device 100 that include a service processor 115 and a bus structure extension 1510 using intermediate modem or networking device combinations in accordance with various embodiments. For example, FIGS. 15A through 15E illustrate various extended modem alternatives for access network connection through an intermediate modem or networking device combination that has a connection (e.g., LAN connection) to one or more devices 100.
In some embodiments, device 100 includes a 3G and/or 4G network access connection in combination with the Wi-Fi LAN connection to the device 100. For example, the intermediate device or networking device combination can be a device that simply translates the Wi-Fi data to the WWAN access network without implementing any portion of the service processor 115 as shown in FIG. 15B. In some embodiments, an intermediate device or networking device combination includes a more sophisticated implementation including a networking stack and some embodiments a processor, as is the case for example if the intermediate networking device or networking device combination includes a router function, in which case the service processor 115 can be implemented in part or entirely on the intermediate modem or networking device combination. The intermediate modem or networking device combination can also be a multi-user device in which more than one user is gaining access to the 3G or 4G access network via the Wi-Fi LAN connection. In the case of such a multi-user network, the access network connection can include several managed service links using multiple instantiations of service processor 115, each instantiation, for example, being implemented in whole or in part on device 100 with the intermediate modem or networking device combination only providing the translation services from the Wi-Fi LAN to the WWAN access network.
Referring now to FIGS. 15A, 15C, 15D, and 15E, in some embodiments, the service processors 115 are implemented in part or in whole on the intermediate modem or networking device combination. In the case where the service processor 115 is implemented in part or in whole on the intermediate modem or networking device combination, the service processor 115 can be implemented for each device or each user in the network so that there are multiple managed service provider accounts all gaining access through the same intermediate modem or networking device combination. In some embodiments, the functions of service processor 115 are implemented on an aggregate account that includes the WWAN access network traffic for all of the users or devices connected to the Wi-Fi LAN serviced by the intermediate modem or networking device combination. In some embodiments, the central provider can also provide an aggregated account service plan, such as a family plan, a corporate user group plan and/or an instant hotspot plan. In the case where there is one account for the intermediate modem or networking device combination, the intermediate modem or networking device combination can implement a local division of services to one or more devices 100 or users in which the services are controlled or managed by the intermediate modem or networking device combination or the device 100, but the management is not subject to service provider control and is auxiliary to the service management or service policy implementation performed by service processors 115. In some embodiments, another service model can also be supported in which there is an aggregate service provider plan associated with one intermediate modem or networking device combination, or a group of intermediate modems or networking device combinations but where each user or device still has its own service plan that is a sub-plan under the aggregate plan so that each user or device has independent service policy implementation with a unique instantiation of service processor 115 rather than aggregate service policy implementation across multiple users in the group with a single instantiation of service processor 115.
As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15C, in some embodiments, device 100 includes a Wi-Fi modem 946, a Wi-Fi modem 946 combined with a 3G and/or 4G WWAN modem 1530 on intermediate modem or networking device combination 1510, and the intermediate modem or networking device combination forwards WWAN access network traffic to and from device 100 via the Wi-Fi link. For example, the service processor 115 can be implemented in its entirety on device 100 and the service provider account can be associated exclusively with one device. This is an embodiment in which the modem bus represents the Wi-Fi LAN connection via the Wi-Fi modem 946. Similarly, as shown in FIGS. 15A and 15D, such an implementation can be provided using a different access modem and access network, such as a 2G and/or 3G WWAN, DSL wire line, cable DOCSIS wire line or fiber wire line configuration in place of the 3G and/or 4G access network connection to the intermediate modem or networking device combination 1510. In addition, various other embodiments similarly use DSL as shown in FIGS. 15A and 15E, USB, Ethernet, Bluetooth, or another LAN or point to point connection from device 100 to the intermediate modem or networking device combination 1510.
In some embodiments, a portion of the service processor 115 is implemented on the device 100, such as the application interface agent 1693 and other supporting agents (see FIG. 16), and another portion of the service provider 115 is implemented on the intermediate modem or networking device combination, such as policy implementation agent 1690 or possibly modem firewall 1655 as well as other agents (see FIG. 16). This is an embodiment in which the modem bus in the figure represents the Wi-Fi LAN connection via the Wi-Fi modem 946. In this example, the service provider 115 can still offer individual service plans associated exclusively with one device, or can offer an aggregate plan in which the portion of the service processor 115 located on the intermediate modem or networking device combination 1510 aggregates service plans into one WWAN connection but each individual device 100 has a unique service interface via the application interface agents and associated agents located on device 100. Similarly, such an implementation can be provided using a different access modem and access network, for example a 2G and/or 3G WWAN, DSL wire line, cable DOCSIS wire line or fiber wire line configuration in place of the 3G and/or 4G access network connection to the intermediate modem or networking device combination 1510. In addition, various other embodiments similarly use USB, Ethernet, Bluetooth, or another LAN or point to point connection from device 100 to the intermediate modem or networking device combination 1510.
In some embodiments, all of the service processor 115 is implemented on the intermediate modem or networking device combination 1510 and the aggregate device or user traffic demand from the LAN port is serviced through one service provider service plan account. This is an embodiment in which the modem bus in the figure represents the Wi-Fi LAN connection via the Wi-Fi modem 946. Similarly, such an implementation can be provided using a different access modem and access network, for example a 2G and/or 3G WWAN, DSL wire line, cable DOCSIS wire line or fiber wire line configuration in place of the 3G and/or 4G access network connection to the intermediate modem or networking device combination 1510. In addition, various other embodiments similarly use USB, Ethernet, Bluetooth, or another LAN or point to point connection from device 100 to the intermediate modem or networking device combination 1510.
In some embodiments, the device 100 uses the on-board WWAN modem 942 when it is outside of Wi-Fi LAN coverage area for one or more trusted access networks for the device, and when the device comes within range of a Wi-Fi network associated with a intermediate modem or networking device combination connected to a trusted wire line access network, the device can switch to the Wi-Fi link service to connect service processor 115 to the trusted wire line access network. In some embodiments, the decision to switch to the Wi-Fi LAN associated with a trusted wire line access network can be made automatically by the device based on the policy implementation rules settings for the modem selection and control 1811 and/or the policy control agent 1692, can be made by the user, or can be made by the service controller 122. In addition, various other embodiments similarly use USB, Ethernet, Bluetooth, or another LAN or point to point connection from device 100 to the intermediate modem or networking device combination 1510.
FIG. 15F illustrates another hardware diagram of a device 100 that includes a service processor 115 and a bus structure extension 1510 using intermediate modem or networking device combinations in accordance with various embodiments. In some embodiments, more than one access network connection is implemented in the intermediate modem or networking device combination 1510. This allows the device 100 to potentially connect through the intermediate modem or networking device combination with a choice of access network services. An example of such an embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 15F in which an access network router (e.g., an enterprise router) connected to a LAN with a wire line primary backhaul connection and a back up WWAN connection, for example 3G or 4G, to provide access services when the primary wire line connection fails. As discussed above, the service provider service profile for service processor 115 and the service plan account can be set up as an aggregate account with multiple users connected to the LAN. The service provider can elect to use an embodiment that includes a portion of the service processor 115 on each device 100 so that the account can be managed for each user or each device, or the service provider can elect to implement all of the necessary features in the service processor 115 on the intermediate modem or networking device combination so that there is no visibility to the individual devices 100 or users.
As described herein, various embodiments provide many service policy implementation options that can enhance the service provider control of the service experience and cost, or enhance the user control of the service experience and cost by providing a verifiable or compromise resistant solutions to manage service policy implementation on the intermediate modem or networking device combination, for one or both of the WWAN or wire line access networks, when the WWAN access network is active, or when the WWAN access network is inactive. The level of service control, user preference feedback and service policy implementation verification or compromise resistance enabled by these embodiments improves the offered back up services and primary wire line services. One of ordinary skill in the art will also now appreciate that any number of wire line and/or wireless network access connections can be supported by the various embodiments as described herein, with any number of device architectures and architectures for intermediate modem or networking device combinations bridging the device to the access network of choice. Accordingly, various embodiments provide a verifiable managed service architecture, design and implementation for any number of single access and/or multi-access networks in which the service account can be consistent across multiple networks, and the service policies can be changed from network to network as deemed appropriate by the service provider with service notification, service cost control and privacy preference inputs from the user.
In various embodiments, the verification embodiments discussed herein for service policy implementation verification or service policy implementation compromise protection can be applied. In some embodiments, rather than attaching a service provider service plan account to a single device, it is attached to (e.g., associated with) a user. For example, when the user logs onto an access network with a service controller controlled by a service provider, regardless of what device the user logs onto with the user's service plan profile can be automatically looked up in the central billing system 123 and dynamically loaded (e.g., downloaded) onto the device 100 from the service controller 122 (e.g., a service profile provided on demand based on the user's identity). In some embodiments, in addition to dynamically loading the user's service policy implementation and control settings, one or more of the user's preferences including notification, service control, traffic monitor reporting privacy and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) reporting privacy are also dynamically loaded. For example, this allows the user to have the same service settings, performance and experience regardless of the device the user is logged into and using on the network. In addition, as discussed herein, in the various embodiments that call for roaming from one type of access network to another, the user service plan profile, that includes all of the above in addition to the service plan profile changes that take effect between different types of access network, can be used on any device and on any network, providing the user with a verifiable or compromise resistant, consistent service experience regardless of network or device.
Many of the embodiments described herein refer to a user using device 100. It is understood that there are also applications for these various embodiments that do not involve user interfaces. Examples of such applications include equipment, apparatus or devices for automation, telemetry, sensors, security or surveillance, appliance control, remote machine to machine data connections, certain remote access configurations, two way power metering or control, asset tracking, people tracking or other applications in which a human user interface is not required for device 100.
Various embodiments of the device 100 described above include other I/O devices 985. In some embodiments, these other devices include other modems, other special purpose hardware components, and/or other I/O devices or drivers or modems to connect to other I/O devices. In some embodiments, these other devices include a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) or Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) device. In some embodiments, it is advantageous to implement some or all of the service processor 115 functions on an embodiment of device 100 that includes a SIM and/or a USIM. In some embodiments, the other I/O devices 985 include a hardware device designed to implement a portion or all of the service processor 115 functions. For example, this is advantageous in cases in which the original device 100 was not manufactured with the service processor 115; in cases in which dedicated hardware is desired to improve one or more aspects of service processor 115 performance; allowing users, for example, to have the same service settings, performance and experience regardless of the device the user is using on the network by using such a SIM and/or USIM (e.g., or implemented as a type of dongle); and/or in cases in which a separate component is desired to assist in compromise protection for one or more aspects of service processor 115.
As discussed above, some embodiments described herein provide for billing of certain access services. In some embodiments, various applications do not require or involve billing of certain services. For example, applications like enterprise IT (Information Technology) group management of enterprise workforce access policy implementation or access cost control or access security policy, privacy control, parental control, network quality of service control or enhancement, private network services, free access services, publicly funded access services, flat rate no-options service and other services, or other examples that will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art do not require billing functionality but benefit from many other aspects of various embodiments.
Service Processor and Service Controller for Verifiable Service Monitoring, Notification and Control
FIG. 16 is a functional diagram illustrating a device based service processor 115 and a service controller 122 in accordance with some embodiments. For example, this provides relatively full featured device based service processor implementation and service controller implementation. As shown, this corresponds to a networking configuration in which the service controller 122 is connected to the Internet 120 and not directly to the access network 1610. As shown, a data plane (e.g., service traffic plane) communication path is shown in solid line connections and control plane (e.g., service control plane) communication path is shown in dashed line connections. As previously discussed, it is understood that the division in functionality between one device agent and another is based on, for example, design choices, networking environments, devices and/or services/applications, and various different combinations can be used in various different implementations. For example, the functional lines can be re-drawn in any way that the product designers see fit. As shown, this includes certain divisions and functional breakouts for device agents as an illustrative implementation, although other, potentially more complex, embodiments can include different divisions and functional breakouts for device agent functionality specifications, for example, in order to manage development specification and testing complexity and workflow. In addition, the placement of the agents that operate, interact with or monitor the data path can be moved or re-ordered in various embodiments. For example, as discussed below in some embodiments, one or more of the policy implementation or service monitoring functions can be placed on one of the access modems located below the modem driver and modem bus in the communication stack as illustrated in certain figures and described herein. As discussed below, some simplified embodiment figures illustrate that not all the functions illustrated in all the figures are necessary for many designs, so a product/service designer can choose to implement those functions believed to be most advantageous or sufficient for the desired purposes and/or environment. The functional elements shown in FIG. 16 are described below.
As shown, service processor 115 includes a service control device link 1691. For example, as device based service control techniques involving supervision across a network become more sophisticated, it becomes increasingly important to have an efficient and flexible control plane communication link between the device agents and the network elements communicating with, controlling, monitoring, or verifying service policy. In some embodiments, the service control device link 1691 provides the device side of a system for transmission and reception of service agent to/from network element functions. In some embodiments, the traffic efficiency of this link is enhanced by buffering and framing multiple agent messages in the transmissions. In some embodiments, the traffic efficiency is further improved by controlling the transmission frequency or linking the transmission frequency to the rate of service usage or traffic usage. In some embodiments, one or more levels of security or encryption are used to make the link robust to discovery, eavesdropping or compromise. In some embodiments, the service control device link 1691 also provides the communications link and heartbeat timing for the agent heartbeat function. As discussed below, various embodiments disclosed herein for the service control device link 1691 provide an efficient and secure solution for transmitting and receiving service policy implementation, control, monitoring and verification information with other network elements.
In some embodiments, the service control device link 1691 agent messages are transmitted asynchronously as they are generated by one or more of the service agents. In some embodiments, the service control device link 1691 performs collection or buffering of agent messages between transmissions. In some embodiments, the service control device link 1691 determines when to transmit based potentially on several parameters including, for example, one or more of the following parameters: periodic timer trigger, waiting until a certain amount of service usage or traffic usage has occurred, responding to a service controller message, responding to a service controller request, initiated by one or more agents, initiated by a verification error condition, initiated by some other error or status condition. In some embodiments, once a transmission trigger has occurred, the service control device link 1691 assembles all buffered agent communications and frames the communications.
In some embodiments, the transmission trigger is controlled by waiting for an amount of service usage, such as waiting until a certain amount of data traffic has passed, which reduces the control plane communication channel traffic usage to a fraction of the data plane traffic. For example, this approach preserves network capacity and reduces service cost even in traffic scenarios in which data traffic is light.
In some embodiments, the transmission trigger is based on waiting for an amount of service usage, and also including a minimum transmission rate that triggers a transmission according to one or more of the following parameters: a maximum time between transmissions clock to keep the service processor 115 in communication with the service controller 122 when little or no service usage is occurring, a polling request of some kind from the service controller 122, a response to a service controller heartbeat, a transmission generated by a service verification error event, or a transmission generated by some other asynchronous event with time critical service processor 115 (or service controller 122) messaging needs, such as a transaction or service billing event or a user request. For example, service control plane traffic down is reduced to a relatively inexpensive and capacity conserving trickle when device 100 data traffic is not significant. At the same time, this approach also provides an effective flow of real time or near real-time service control plane traffic that is both cost and capacity efficient, because the service control plane traffic is a relatively small percentage of the data plane traffic when data plane traffic usage is heavy. For example, when data plane traffic usage is heavy is generally the time when close monitoring of service policy implementation verification or compromise prevention can be particularly important and by keeping the control plane overhead to a fraction of data plane traffic close monitoring and control of services are maintained at a reasonable cost in terms of percentage of both bandwidth used and network capacity. In some embodiments, the service usage or service activity trigger occurs based on some other measure than traffic usage, such as a number of messages transacted, one or more billing events, number of files downloaded, number of applications run or time that an application has been running, usage of one or more specified applications, GPS coordinate changes, roaming event, an event related to another network connection to the device and/or other service related measures.
In some embodiments, the service control device link 1691 provides for securing, signing, encrypting or otherwise protecting communications before sending. For example, the service control device link 1691 can send to the transport layer or directly to the link layer for transmission. In some embodiments, the communications are further secured with transport layer encryption, such as TCP TLS (Transport Control Protocol Transport Layer Security) or another secure transport layer protocol. In some embodiments, communications are encrypted at the link layer, such as IPSEC (Internet Protocol Security), various VPN (Virtual Private Network) services, other forms of IP layer encryption and/or another link layer encryption technique.
In some embodiments, the service control link 1691 includes the above discussed agent heartbeat function in which the agents provide certain required reports to the service controller 122 for the purpose of service policy implementation verification (e.g., verification related reports on certain aspects of the service processor 115) or for other purposes. For example, such agent heartbeat messages can be in the open/clear (unencrypted) or encrypted, signed and/or otherwise secured. In some embodiments, these messages include one or more of the below described types of messages: an agent information message, an agent check-in message and/or agent cross check message.
In some embodiments, an agent information message is included in the agent heartbeat service policy implementation verification message, which includes, for example, any information the agent needs to communicate to the service controller 122 as part of the operation of the service policy implementation system. For example, an agent response to a service controller challenge, as described below, can be included in the agent heartbeat service policy implementation verification message.
In some embodiments, an agent check-in message is included in an agent heartbeat service policy implementation verification message, which includes, for example, a transmission of a unique agent identifier, secure unique identifier, and/or hashed encrypted and signed message beginning with some shared secret or state variable for the hash. For example, an agent self-check can be included in the agent heartbeat service policy implementation verification message, which includes reporting on agent configuration, agent operation, agent code status, agent communication log, agent error flags, and/or other agent associated information potentially hashed, encrypted, signed or otherwise secured in the message (e.g., using a shared secret unique to that agent).
In some embodiments, an agent cross-check message is included in the agent heartbeat service policy implementation verification message, which includes, for example, reports on the status, configuration, operation observations, communication log or other aspects of another agent. For example, agent environment reports can be included in the agent heartbeat service policy implementation verification message, which includes, for example, reports on certain aspects of the service processor 115 operating environment, such as software presence (e.g., installation status of certain operating system and/or application software and/or components thereof), observed communication with agents or communication attempts, memory accesses or access attempts, network accesses or access attempts, software downloads or attempted downloads, software removal or download blocking, service policy implementation verification or compromise event error conditions with respect to the operating environment for the service processor 115, and/or other messages regarding the verification or possibility of compromise associated with the service processor 115 operating environment or agents.
In some embodiments, the agent heartbeat function also provides regular updates for information important to user service notification services. For example, the network based elements can provide regular synchronization updates for the device based service usage or service activity counters in which service usage or service activity measures available from one or more network service history elements is transmitted to the device 100. This allows the service usage counter errors between the device service counter and the counters used for central billing to be minimized. A common service usage or service activity measure is total traffic usage measured to date within a time frame over which a service limit is applicable. Other service usage or service activity measures can also be tracked and reconciled in a similar manner.
In some embodiments for the heartbeat function, the service controller 122 verifies that the scheduled agent reports are being received and that the reports are within expected parameters. In some embodiments, the access control integrity server 1654 issues signed challenge/response sequences to the policy implementation agent 1690. For example, the challenges can be asynchronous, issued when an event or error condition occurs, issued on a schedule or issued when a certain amount of data has passed. This approach, for example, provides a second layer of service policy implementation verification that strengthens the service usage or service activity measurement verification. For example, a challenge/response can be sent over the heartbeat link for the purpose of verifying device agent integrity. Various challenge/response related verification embodiments are described below.
In some embodiments, the challenge/response heartbeat message can include sending any kind of command or query, secure or transmitted in the open, receiving a response from the agent and then evaluating the response to determine if the response is within a range of parameters expected for a correctly configured agent, an agent that is operating properly, an agent that is not partially compromised or an agent that is not entirely compromised. In some embodiments, the agent is only required to respond with a simple acknowledgement of the challenge. In some embodiments, the agent is required to respond with a message or piece of information that is known by the agent. In some embodiments, the agent is required to respond with a message or piece of information that is difficult for the agent to respond correctly with if it were to be partially or entirely compromised. In some embodiments, the agent is required to respond back with information regarding the operation or configuration of the agent that is difficult for the agent to respond properly with if the agent is not properly configured, not operating properly, is partially compromised or is entirely compromised. In some embodiments, the first agent is required to respond back with information regarding the operation, configuration, status or behavior of a second agent that is difficult for the first or second agent to respond properly with if the first or second agent is not properly configured, not operating properly, is partially compromised or is entirely compromised. In some embodiments, the agent is required to respond with a response that includes a shared secret. In some embodiments, the agent is required to respond with information regarding the presence, configuration, operating characteristics or other information regarding other programs in the operating environment of the agent. In some embodiments, the agent is required to respond with hashed information to be portions of code or a code sample (e.g., the code portion or code sample can be specified by the service controller 122).
In some embodiments, the information the agent responds with is a response to a signed or encrypted message from the service controller 122 in which the agent must know how to decode the encrypted controller message in order to respond correctly or it would be difficult for the agent to respond properly if the agent is not configured properly, is not operating within appropriate limits, is partially compromised or is entirely compromised. In some embodiments, the agent signs or encrypts information in such a manner that it is difficult to respond correctly when the message is decoded by the service controller 122 unless the agent is configured properly, is operating within appropriate limits, is not partially compromised and is not entirely compromised. In some embodiments, the agent is required to respond with a signed or encrypted hash of information that is difficult for the agent to generate unless the agent is configured properly, is operating within appropriate limits, is not partially compromised and is not entirely compromised. For example, the hashed information can be local device configuration information, portions of code or all of the code, and/or the code portion to be used in the response can be specified by the service controller. In another example, the hashed information the agent responds with can include a shared secret, and/or the hashed information can be information regarding the presence, configuration, operating characteristics or other information regarding other programs in the operating environment of the agent.
Accordingly, as described above, the agent heartbeat function provides an important and efficient system in some embodiments for verifying the service policy implementation or protecting against compromise events. For example, there are many other functions the agent heartbeat service can perform and some are described herein while others will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art given the principles, design background and various embodiments provided herein.
In some embodiments, the service control device link 1691 facilitates another important function, which is the download of new service processor software elements, revisions of service processor software elements, and/or dynamic refreshes of service processor software elements. There are many embodiments for such operations. In some embodiments, the software is received as a single file over the service control device link 1691. For example, the file can have encryption or signed encryption beyond any provided by the communication link protocol itself. In some embodiments, the software files are segmented into smaller packets that are communicated in multiple messages sent over the service control device link 1691. In some embodiments, once the file(s) are received, or the segmented portions of the file(s) are received, they are communicated to a service downloader 1663 for file aggregation and installation, which, in some embodiments, is performed after further measures to verify the service processor software are completed. In some embodiments, the files are sent using other delivery means, such a direct TCP socket connection to the service downloader 1663 or some other software installer, which can also involve secure transport and additional levels of encryption.
As shown in FIG. 16, an agent communication bus 1630 represents a functional description for providing communication for the various service processor 115 agents and functions. In some embodiments, as represented in the functional diagram illustrated in FIG. 16, the architecture of the bus is generally multipoint to multipoint so that any agent can communicate with any other agent, the service controller or in some cases other components of the device, such user interface 1697 and/or modem components. As described below, the architecture can also be point to point for certain agents or communication transactions, or point to multipoint within the agent framework so that all agent communication can be concentrated, or secured, or controlled, or restricted, or logged or reported. In some embodiments, the agent communication bus is secured, signed, encrypted, hidden, partitioned and/or otherwise protected from unauthorized monitoring or usage.
In some embodiments, as described below, there are multiple layers of security applied to the agent communication bus 1630 communication protocols, such as including one or more of the following: point to point message exchange encryption using one or more keys that are partially shared or shared within the service processor 115 agent group and/or the service controller 122, point to point message exchange that using one or more keys that are private to the two endpoints of the communication, a bus-level message exchange encryption that can be in place of or in addition to other encryption or security, or using one or more keys that are partially shared or shared within the service processor 115 agent group and/or the service controller 122, a set of secure messages that can only be decoded or observed by the agents they are intended for, a set of secure messages that allow communication between certain agents or service processor functions and entities outside of the service processor operating environment. In some embodiments, and as described herein, the service control device link 1691 is assumed to be equivalent to an agent for communication purposes, and, in the case of the service control device link 1691, the communication is not restricted to the agent communication bus 1630 but also extends to the service control communications link 1653. In some embodiments, the system has the capability to replace keys or signatures on occasion or on a regular basis to further secure against monitoring, eavesdropping or compromise of the agent communication system.
For example, various forms of message encryption and security framework techniques can be applied to encrypt and/or secure the agent communication bus 1630, including one or more of the following: agent bus encryption using shared key for all agents provided and updated by the secure server; agent bus encryption using point to point keys in which the secure server informs the bus and agents of keys and updates as appropriate; agent level encryption using agent to agent shared keys in which the secure server informs agents of the key and updates the key as appropriate; agent level encryption using agent to agent point to point key in which the secure server informs agent of the point to point keys that are required and updates the keys as appropriate; agent level access authorization, which only allows access to the agents that are on the secure authorization list and in which the list is provided by the secure server and signatures are provided by the secure server; UI messages are only analyzed and passed, in which the UI cannot have access to configuration information and cannot issue challenges; agent level heartbeat encryption, which can be point to point or shared key for that agent; control link level heartbeat encryption; TLS (Transport Layer Security) communication protocols; server level heartbeat encryption, which can be point to point or shared key for that secure server; and/or the access control integrity agent 1694 or heartbeat function can become point to multipoint secure communications hubs.
In some embodiments of the agent communication bus 1630, the design of the agent communication bus depends on the nature of the design embodiments for the agents and/or other functions. For example, if the agents are implemented largely or entirely in software, then the agent communication bus can be implemented as an inter-process software communication bus. In some embodiments, such an inter-process software communication bus is a variant of D-bus (e.g., a message bus system for inter-process software communication that, for example, helps applications/agents to talk to one another), or another inter-process communication protocol or system, running a session bus in which all communications over the session bus can be secured, signed, encrypted or otherwise protected. For example, the session bus can be further protected by storing all software (e.g., software components, applications and/or agents) in secure memory, storing all software in encrypted form in secure memory, and/or executing all software and communications within a secure execution environment, hardware environment and/or protected memory space. In some embodiments, if the agents and other functions are designed with a mixture of software and hardware, or primarily with hardware, then the implementation of the bus design will vary, and the principles and embodiments described herein will enable one of ordinary skill in the art to design the specifics of the agent communication bus 1630 to meet a particular set of product and desired functional requirements.
As shown in FIG. 16, an access control integrity agent 1694 collects device information on service policy, service usage or service activity, agent configuration and agent behavior. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 also cross checks this information to identify integrity breaches in the service policy implementation and control system. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 also initiates action when a service policy violation or a system integrity breach is suspected. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 also performs asynchronous or periodic agent checks to verify presence, configuration or proper operation of other agents. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 also performs challenge-response sequence verification of other agents.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 obtains service usage or service activity measures from a service monitor agent 1696 and compares one or more first service usage measurement points against one or more second service usage measurement points to verify service policy implementation. For example, if the service usage at measurement point IV is inconsistent with measurement point III, which, for example, can indicate, for example, that an unauthorized or unmonitored usage of the access modem (e.g., modems 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125 or 2141) is taking place. As another example, if one or more aspects of upstream traffic usage measurement point II, which represents the upstream demand side of policy implementation agent 1690, is inconsistent with upstream traffic measurement point III, which represents delivered traffic from the policy implementation agent 1690, then the policy implementation agent 1690 may not be operating properly. As another example, if service measurement point III and IV indicate that firewall agent 1655 is passing traffic to URLs or IP addresses that are in the blocked policy settings, then a verification error condition can be set for the access control policy. As another example, if the policy controller reports traffic usage statistics that are inconsistent with traffic usage policy settings, then a traffic usage policy verification error may have occurred. As another example, if the service usage counter synchronization information received from the service controller 122, the device service history 1618 and/or the central billing system 123, is compared to the service usage history reported by the service monitor agent and the two are found to be outside of acceptable tolerance limits for the comparison, then there may be a verification error in the service monitor service usage or service activity accounting. There are numerous additional embodiments of such comparisons as described herein and others as will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art given the principles, design background and specific examples and various embodiments described herein.
In some embodiments, device service policy implementations are verified by comparing various service usage measures used at the device against expected service usage or service activity behavior given the policies (e.g., one or more service policy settings, service profile or service profile settings for network based access/services, and/or service plan or service plan for network based access/services). For example, verification is performed based on a measure of total data passed at the device as compared to the service policy for total data usage. For example, verification is performed based on a measure of data passed in a period of time at the device as compared to the service policy for data passed in such a period of time. For example, verification is performed based on a monitoring of communications from the device based on IP addresses as compared to the policy for permissible IP addresses. For example, verification is performed based on a measure of total data passed from the device per IP address as compared to the policy for total data usage per IP address. Other examples include such actual versus policy comparisons based on other measures at/from/to the device, such as location, downloads, email accessed, URLs, and/or any other data, location, application, time or other criteria or any combination of criteria that can be measured for comparing with various policy settings and/or restrictions.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 monitors agent self-check reports to verify that agents are properly configured. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 reports the agent self check reports to the service controller 122. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 performs a role in service usage test transmission, reception and/or monitoring, with the usage test being tailored to test monitoring or control aspects for any subset of service activities. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 performs a role in billing test event generation and/or monitoring. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 checks and reports the result of service usage monitoring verification tests, service usage billing verification tests and/or transaction billing verification tests.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 receives agent access attempt reports to determine if unauthorized agent access attempts are occurring. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 acts as a central secure communications hub for agent to agent or service controller 122 to agent communication. For example, the access control integrity agent 1694 can be used so that no other software or function can access other agents or so that agents cannot access other agents except through the secure point to multipoint communications hub. In some embodiments, this approach further enhances compromise resistance for the agents. In some embodiments, some or all of the agent communications, including agent to agent or service controller 122 to agent communications, and possibly including unauthorized attempts to communication with agents, are monitored and logged so that a trace log of some or all agent communications can be maintained. For example, the agent communication trace log can be summarized and/or compressed for transmission efficiency or regularly reported, such as through the heartbeat function, or the agent communication trace log can be reported only when the service controller 122 requests the agent communication trace log or when there is a verification error event. As similarly described above, the partitioning of agent functions and server functions is provided herein mainly to aid in disclosing various embodiments but those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other partitioning of agent functions and server functions can be used based on different design choices. For example, the central agent communication hub function is performed in some embodiments by the access control integrity agent 1694, however, in other embodiments that function is performed by the service control device link 1691. For example, when the central agent communication hub function is located in the service control device link 1691, then architecturally the device link can be a single point to multipoint secure communications hub for all agent to agent and service controller 122 to agent communications. In some embodiments, this approach has certain advantages from a service policy implementation verification or compromise protection robustness perspective, or has certain advantages from a communications protocol efficiency perspective, or simply can be more efficient to implement. It should be noted that in other embodiments described herein the agent to agent and agent to service controller 122 communications can be multipoint to multipoint, with each agent having the capability to communicate with other agents or the service controller, this communication can be secure, signed or otherwise encrypted or protected in some embodiments and in the open/clear in others. Also, as discussed in some embodiments, the agents can maintain their own communications or attempted communications log, which can then be reported to the service controller 122. In some embodiments, the agents implement restrictions on which device components or agents the agents will conduct communications with so that only agents that need to communicate with one another can do so.
In some embodiments, the service control device link 1691 reviews local billing event history and compares such history to billing event reports to verify that a billing agent 1695 is functioning properly (e.g., has not been tampered with or compromised). In some embodiments, the service control device link 1691 cross-checks service usage or service activity against billing event reports from the billing agent 1695 to verify that billing events are properly billing for service usage or service activity. In some embodiments, the service control device link 1691 cross-checks transaction billing process or records against transaction billing reports to ensure that transaction billing events are being properly reported by the billing agent 1695. In some embodiments, the service control device link 1691 determines if one or more agents have been compromised, and if so, initiates a dynamic agent download process to replace any such potentially compromised agent.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 verifies that the service usage counter is reporting service usage or service cost to the user within acceptable limits of accuracy when compared to the service usage reports obtained from the service monitor agent 1696, the service controller 122, the device service history 1618 and/or the central billing system 123. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 checks to verify that user privacy filter preferences are being properly implemented. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 checks to verify that the user is properly receiving UI warnings regarding service usage or roaming service usage conditions.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 checks to verify that the device is not beginning service usage until it has been authenticated, authorized or granted access to the network. In some embodiments, access control integrity agent 1694 checks with the service controller 122 or the billing system 123 to verify that the user or device has a valid service standing and should be admitted to access on the network.
In some embodiments, an Activation Tracking Service (ATS) is provided in which the service monitoring function (e.g., performed by the service monitor agent 1696 and/or some other agent/component or combinations thereof on the device) is used in part to determine which access networks are being connected to and to record and/or report this information. In some embodiments, the ATS is only enabled if the device user approves reporting of access networks connected to by the user device. In some embodiments, the ATS is protected from tampering. For example, the ATS can be hardened, that is, to be more tamper resistant, using a variety of techniques, including any of the following: the ATS can be located (e.g., stored) in secure memory and/or secure hardware; the ATS can be implemented in the system BIOS, the access modem and/or another hard to access portion of the device; a second device agent can confirm the presence of the ATS with a report to a network based server; the second agent or the network server can initiate a reinstall of the ATS if it is missing or is found to be operating improperly; and/or the ATS can be placed in a secure area of the OS so that it cannot be removed or if removed must be replaced for proper device operation to resume. A variety of other tamper resistance techniques can also be used to protect the ATS from tampering as similarly described herein with respect to other device based functions/software components/agents.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 verifies that ATS software or hardware is present, properly configured or operating properly. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 reviews network connection or activity history and compares such to ATS reports to verify activation tracking service reports are occurring properly. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 replaces ATS software if it has been removed. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 monitors access or compromise of ATS software to determine if it may have been compromised. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 reports status of ATS functions.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 scans the local agent execution environment to determine if there are unauthorized accesses to service processor functions, settings or code. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 monitors software loading activity, protected memory access or communication with service processor 115 agents to detect unauthorized changes to service processor software or configuration. For example, the access control integrity agent 1694 can have a local database of potentially malicious elements and compare entries in the database against the elements detected locally. As another example, the access control integrity agent 1694 can communicate a list of some or all of the elements detected locally to the service controller 122 to augment or take the place of the database comparison function that may be performed locally. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 detects new software downloads, installs or invocations and immediately issues an error flag report when potentially malicious software is downloaded, installed or invoked. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 scans the local software loading and invocation activity along with a log of other software runtime events and regularly reports this trace so that when an error or compromise event occurs the trace preceding the event can be analyzed to determine the offending software or activity trace that took place to cause the compromise or error. Once the software or activity that caused the compromise is known, it can be entered into a refreshed version of the database that the device and other devices use to detect potentially malicious pre-cursor conditions. Examples of such pre-cursor events include software invocations, software downloads, attempts to uninstall certain agent and/or application software/components or OS components, a sequence of memory I/O events, a sequence of software access events, a sequence of network address or URL communications or downloads or a sequence of access modem I/O activity. In various other embodiments of the access control integrity agent 1694, the agent performs or (securely) communicates with other software/hardware device/network components that perform other well known signature, behavior blocking and/or intrusion detection identification/detection and/or blocking techniques based on the presence of potentially unwanted and/or potentially or known malicious software and/or intrusion attempts by unauthorized software and/or unauthorized users, using, for example, real-time, on access, periodic, and/or on demand scanning.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 detects or blocks potentially compromising behavior of other software programs/users attempting unauthorized behavior in the service processor 115 operating environment. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 detects software that is being loaded that has the same or similar name, identification, memory location or function as one or more of the service processor 115 agents. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 blocks operation or loading of such software. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 detects or blocks unauthorized access of service processor 115 protected memory. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 verifies configuration and operation of secure service downloader 1663. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 monitors network and I/O activity to detect potentially compromising events, such as a program that is downloaded from known detrimental or potentially suspect IP addresses or URLs or a program that accesses certain IP addresses or URLs. In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 scans of the service processor operating environment are recorded and kept for a period of time, and if a service policy verification error occurs, then the scans immediately prior to the error are analyzed or reported to the service controller 122 for analysis. In some embodiments, such scans are regularly reported to the service controller 122 without the presence of service policy verification error conditions.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 requests a dynamic agent download of certain critical service processor functions, including in some cases the access control integrity agent 1694 on a periodic basis, or on a periodic basis when network access activity is not required or minimal.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 determines if a threshold has been surpassed for a max usage trigger for ambient and/or other services that should not be using significant amounts of data (e.g., based on the type of device and/or service profile settings).
In some embodiments, the access control integrity agent 1694 determines if verification errors exist in one or more of the verification process embodiments and, in some embodiments, reports errors immediately or in the next agent heartbeat to the service controller 122. In some embodiments, any number of results from the above checks, monitoring activities, reports or tests are reported to the service controller 122.
In some embodiments, a policy control agent 1692 receives policy instructions from the service controller 122 and/or the user via the billing agent 1695 and adapts device service policy settings (e.g., instantaneous device service policy settings) in one or more of the following agents/components: a policy implementation agent 1690, the modem firewall 1655 and/or an application interface agent 1693. As shown in FIG. 16, the modem firewall 1655 is in communication with a modem driver 1640, which is in communication with the agent communication bus 1630 and access network 1610. As shown with respect to access network 1610, a central billing server 123, an access network AAA server 121 and device server history 1618 are also provided. As shown, the Internet 120 is accessible via the access network 1610 and firewall 124, from which device 100 can then access various Internet services 1615.
In some embodiments, the policy control agent 1692 adapts low level service policy rules/settings to perform one or more of the following objectives: achieve higher level service usage or cost objectives, reduce network control channel capacity drain, reduce network control plane server processing bandwidth, and/or provide a higher level of user privacy or network neutrality while satisfying service usage or service activity objectives. In some embodiments, the policy control agent 1692 performs a policy control function to adapt instantaneous service policies to achieve a service usage objective. In some embodiments, the policy control agent 1692 receives service usage information from the service monitor agent 1696 to evaluate service usage history as compared to service usage goals. In some embodiments, the policy control agent 1692 uses service monitor 1696 service usage or service activity history and various possible algorithm embodiments to create an estimate of the future projected service usage. In some embodiments, the policy control agent 1692 uses a future projection of service usage to determine what service usage or service activity controls need to be changed to maintain service usage goals. In some embodiments, the policy control agent 1692 uses service usage history to perform a service usage or service activity analysis to determine the distribution of service usage across service usage elements within categories, such as usage by application, usage by URL, usage by address, usage by content type, usage by time of day, usage by access network, usage by location, and/or any other categories for classifying service usage. In some embodiments, the policy control agent 1692 uses the service usage distribution analysis to determine which service usage elements or service activities are creating the largest service usage (e.g., if e-mail, social networking, or multimedia/online video application categories are creating the largest service usage).
In some embodiments, the policy control agent 1692 is instructed, for example, by the user, through billing agent 1695 to perform a service control algorithm, such as traffic shaping or download management, to manage service usage or service activities to assist the user in controlling service costs. As a basic example of such a traffic shaping algorithm, the traffic shaping algorithm can simply reduce traffic speed for all applications and traffic types successively until the service usage projections are within service usage limits for the present service billing period. To illustrate an algorithm that is more sophisticated and provides the advantage of leaving many service usage elements or service activities unaffected while only controlling down usage on the most aggressive service usage elements or service activities, the traffic shaping algorithm can identify the highest traffic usage applications and/or websites and successively reduce traffic speed just for the highest usage applications and/or websites until the service usage projections are within service usage limits for the present service billing period. These examples thereby reduce network traffic for the user in accordance with the user's service usage objectives while maintaining overall satisfactory service usage experience for the user in a manner that satisfies various net neutrality requirements (e.g., the traffic throttling of certain applications/websites based on user input in which categories based on service usage history are selected by the user, for example, a certain application may be using 90% of the aggregate traffic usage). For example, adaptive throttling algorithms can be used to throttle application traffic that the user requests throttling, such as recursively throttling of the specified application traffic (e.g., to denigrate the traffic usage associated with that application and thereby reduce overall service data usage).
In some embodiments, the policy control agent 1692 adjusts service policy based on time of day. In some embodiments, the policy control agent 1692 obtains a measure of network availability and adjusts traffic shaping policy settings based on available network capacity. In some embodiments, the policy control agent 1692 automatically and dynamically adjusts service policy based on one or more other service policy settings, the service profile and/or the service plan associated with the device and/or user of the device.
In some embodiments, various lower level service policy implementation embodiments are combined with a higher level set of service policy supervision functions to provide device assisted verifiable network access control, authentication and authorization services.
In some embodiments, device based access control services are extended and combined with other policy design techniques to create a simplified device activation process and connected user experience referred to herein as ambient activation. In some embodiments, ambient access generally refers to an initial service access in which such service access is in some manner limited, such as where service options are significantly limited (e.g., low bandwidth network browsing and/or access to a specific transactional service), limited bandwidth, limited duration access before which a service plan must be purchased to maintain service or have service suspended/disabled or throttled or otherwise limited/reduced/downgraded, and/or any other time based, quality based, scope of service limited initial access for the network enabled device. In some embodiments, ambient activation is provided by setting access control to a fixed destination (e.g., providing access to a portal, such as a web page (e.g., for a hotspot) or WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) page, that provides the user with service plan options for obtaining a service plan for the user desired access, such as the service plan options for data usage, service types, time period for access (e.g., a day pass, a week pass or some other duration), and costs of service plan(s)). In some embodiments, service data usage of the ambient activated device is verified using IPDRs (e.g., using the device ID/device number for the device 100 to determine if the device has been used in a manner that is out of plan for the service plan associated with the device 100, such as based on the amount of data usage exceeding the service plan's service data usage limits, out of plan/unauthorized access to certain websites, and/or out of plan/unauthorized transactions). In some embodiments, service data usage of the ambient activated device is verified by setting a maximum data rate in the policy control agent 1692 and if/when it is determined that the device is exceeding a specified data rate/data usage, then the service data usage is throttled accordingly. In some embodiments, various other verification approaches are used for ambient activation purposes.
In some embodiments, the policy control agent 1692 (and/or another agent/component of the service processor 115 and/or service controller 122) performs a service control algorithm to assist in managing overall network capacity or application QoS (Quality of Service). In some embodiments, the policy control agent 1692 (and/or another agent/component of the service processor 115) performs an access network selection algorithm to determine which access network to connect to based on connection options and determined strengths of available wireless networks, network preference or security settings, service usage cost based network preferences, and/or any other criteria.
Accordingly, as described herein with respect to various embodiments, service usage or service activities can be measured by various agents at various different measurement points, which provides for a more robust verification and integrity of device based services communication. For example, it is much less likely and more difficult to compromise and/or spoof multiple agents. As described herein, various verification and integrity checks are performed, including, for example, network based service usage measurement (e.g., using IPDRs); heartbeat monitoring; agent based heartbeat (e.g., challenge/response queries); agent operating environment protection; monitoring agent communications; agent cross-checks; comparing device based and network based measures (e.g., service usage measures); dynamic software/agent download; and/or any combination of these and various other verification/integrity check techniques described herein and/or apparent from the various embodiments described herein.
In some embodiments, the device 100 is capable of connecting to more than one network and device service policies are potentially changed based on which network the device is connected to at the time. In some embodiments, the network control plane servers detect a network connection change and initiate the service policy implementation established for the second network. In some embodiments, the device based adaptive policy control agent, as described herein (e.g., policy control agent 1692), detects network connection changes and implements the service policies established for the second network.
In some embodiments, when more than one access network is available, the network is chosen based on which network is most preferred according to a network preference list or according to which network that optimizes a network cost function. For example, the network preference list can be pre-established by the service provide and/or the user and/or later modified/adjusted by either the service provider and/or the user. For example, the cost function can be based on determining a minimum service cost, maximum network performance, whether or not the user or device has access to the network, maximizing service provider connection benefit, reducing connections to alternative paid service providers, and/or any other cost related criteria for network selection purposes.
In some embodiments, the device 100 detects when one or more preferred networks are not available, implements a network selection function or intercepts other network selection functions, and offers a connection to the available service network that is highest on a preference list. For example, the preference list can be set by the service provider, the user and/or the service subscriber. In some embodiments, a notification is provided to the device/user when the device is not connected to a network (e.g., indicating in a pop-up/bubble or other UI based display a notification, such as “You are not connected to the network. Click here to learn more, get free trial, use a session, sign-up for service”). In some embodiments, the notification content can be determined based on usage service patterns, locally stored and/or programmable logic on the device and/or a server (e.g., device reports that user is not connected and WWAN is available). Decisions on what bubble to present when may be in pre-stored logic on device.
In some embodiments, service policies are automatically adapted based on the network to which device 100 is connected. For example, the device can be a cellular communication based device connected to a macrocell, a microcell, a picocell, or a femtocell (e.g., femto cells generally provide a low power, small area cellular network used, for example, in homes or offices, which, for example, can be used as an alternative to Wi-Fi access). In some embodiments, service monitoring agent 1696 and/or billing agent 1695 modify service usage counting and/or billing based on whether the device is connected to a macrocell, microcell, picocell or femtocell. In some embodiments, the device recognizes which type of network it is currently connecting to (e.g., looking up in a local or network table for the current base station connected to, and/or the information is broadcast to the device upon the connection with the base station), that is, whether it is a macrocell, microcell, picocell or femtocell. In other embodiments, the device does not recognize which type of network it is currently connected to, but reports its current base station, and the network uses a network lookup function to determine which type of network it is connected to. In some embodiments, the device adjusts the billing based on the type of network it is connected to, or in other embodiments, the device calculates an offset to such billing based on the type of network it is connected to, and/or in other embodiments, the device records such service usage associated with the type of network it is connected to and the network billing can adjust the billing accordingly. For example, the billing can be lower for service data usage over a femtocell versus a macrocell. In some embodiments, service policies are adjusted based on the type of network that the device is connected, such as billing, user notification, data usage/bandwidth, throttling, time of day, who owns the cellular network connection (e.g., user's home femtocell, or user's work femtocell, or a commercial business's femtocell like a coffee shop or any other common area like an airport) and/or any other service policy can be different for a femtocell connection (or for any other type of connection, such as a macrocell, microcell, or picocell). In some embodiments, the local service usage counter is adjusted based on the type of network (and/or based on the time of day of such service activity) that the device is connected, such as billing, user notification, data usage/bandwidth, and/or any other service policy can be different for a femtocell connection (or for any other type of connection, such as a macrocell, microcell, or picocell). In some embodiments, the service policies and/or billing policies are adjusted based on network congestion.
In some embodiments, if adaptive service policy control is not required, then the policy control agent 1692 can simply pass instantaneous service policy settings directly to the agents responsible for implementing instantaneous service policies.
In some embodiments, a policy implementation agent 1690 implements traffic shaping and QoS policy rules for the device 100. In some embodiments, the policy implementation agent 1690 provides a firewall function. In some embodiments, the policy implementation agent 1690 performs traffic inspection and characterization. In some embodiments, packet inspection is aided by literal or virtual application layer tagging while in other embodiments packet inspection is performed entirely in/by the policy implementation agent 1690. In some embodiments, the policy implementation agent 1690 accepts service policy implementation settings from the policy control agent 1692 or directly from the service controller 122. More detail on specific embodiments for the policy implementation agent 1690 is provided below with respect to the figures associated with communication stack and communication protocol flow.
In some embodiments, the burst size, buffer delay, acknowledgement delay and drop rate used in upstream and downstream traffic shaping are optimized with the goal of reducing access network traffic overhead, and excess capacity usage that can result from mismatches in traffic transmission parameters with the access network MAC and PHY or from excess network level packet delivery protocol re-transmissions. In some embodiments, the application interface agent 1693 is used to literally tag or virtually tag application layer traffic so that the policy implementation agent(s) 1690 has the necessary information to implement selected traffic shaping solutions. As shown in FIG. 16, the application interface agent 1693 is in communication with various applications, including a TCP application 1604, an IP application 1605, and a voice application 1602.
In some embodiments, downstream literal or virtual application tagging are delayed until a traffic flow passes through the service policy implementation functions and to the application interface function where the service flow is then identified and associated with the underlying traffic and application parameters, and the literal or virtual tag is then communicated to the first policy implementation function or service monitoring function in the downstream traffic processing stack. In some embodiments, prior to being associated with a literal or virtual tag, the traffic flow is allowed to pass with no traffic shaping, and once the traffic flow is identified and tagged, the appropriate traffic shaping is applied. In some embodiments, a set of traffic shaping policy parameters are applied to the unidentified traffic flow before the flow is identified, and then the traffic shaping policy for the flow is updated when the flow is tagged. In some embodiments, the traffic flow can be blocked at the application interface agent even before the tag is passed to the policy implementation functions if it is found to be associated with traffic parameters that are blocked by policy once packet processing, framing and encryption are removed.
In some embodiments, a service monitor agent 1696 records and reports device service usage or service activities of device 100. In some embodiments, service usage history is verified by a number of techniques including verifying against network based service usage history (e.g., device service history 1618) and the various service policy implementation techniques as described herein.
In some embodiments, the service monitor agent 1696 includes the capability to filter service usage history reporting with the decision on which aspects of service history to report being determined by policies including possibly privacy policies defined by the device user or control plane servers in the network. In some embodiments, the service monitor agent 1696 monitors and possibly records or reports Customer Resource Management (CRM) information such as websites visited, time spent per website, interest indications based on website viewing, advertisements served to the device, advertisements opened by the user, location of the user, searches conducted by the user, application usage profile, device user interface usage history, electronic commerce transactions, music or video files played, applications on device, and/or when the user is actively working or playing or inactive. In some embodiments, to protect the privacy of this user CRM information, the user is provided with options on how much of the information to share and the user's response to the options are recorded and used to determine the filtering policy for how much of the CRM data to report (e.g., CRM filter level options selected by the user via the device UI and/or via various service plan or service profile or service policy options) and how much to suppress or to not even monitor/record/store in the first place. In some embodiments, to protect the privacy of this user's GPS/location tracking related information, the user is provided with options on how much of the information to share and the user's response to the options are recorded and used to determine the filtering policy for how much of the GPS/location tracking related data to report (e.g., GPS/location tracking filter level options) and how much to suppress or to not even monitor/record/store in the first place. In some embodiments, the service processor 115 allows the user to provide feedback on the user's preferences, such as for privacy/CRM data to report. In some embodiments, the user can also specify their preference(s) for notification (e.g., related to service usage/cost, traffic reporting and other service usage/monitored information) and/or service controls. In some embodiments, the service monitor agent 1696 observes and possibly records or reports service usage categorized by network possibly including roaming networks, paid service networks or free service networks. In some embodiments, the service monitor agent 1696 observes and possibly records or reports service usage categorized by sub-accounts for various types of traffic or various types of network.
For example, service monitor reports can be provided to the service controller 122. Service is monitored through various embodiments that can involve service usage logging or traffic inspection and usage logging at the application level, various levels in the networking communication stack or the access modem. Some embodiments involve multiple levels of service or traffic measurement at various levels in the communications stack as described further below.
In some embodiments, service or traffic monitoring includes monitoring one or more of the following: traffic associated with one or more users; traffic downstream and/or upstream data rate; total traffic received and/or transmitted over a period of time; traffic transmitted and/or received by IP addresses, domain names, URLs or other network address identifiers; traffic transmitted and/or received by email downloads or uploads; traffic transmitted and/or received by an application; traffic transmitted and/or received by network file transfers; traffic transmitted and/or received by file download or upload content types; traffic transmitted and/or received by mobile commerce transactions; traffic transmitted and/or received by one or more time periods; traffic transmitted and/or received by differing levels of network activity and network capacity availability; traffic transmitted and/or received by one or more delivered levels of quality of service; traffic transmitted and/or received by software downloads; traffic transmitted and/or received by application downloads; traffic transmitted and/or received by one or more activities associated with the service control plane link or other network related functions, or traffic that may not directly result in service usage or service activity that the user values or desires; traffic transmitted and/or received to support one or more service provider third party service partner offerings; software usage history; application usage history; device discovery history for UI components, applications, settings, tutorials; ads served history; ads visited history; and/or device location history.
In some embodiments, some or all of the service usage monitoring occurs at the application layer. In some embodiments, the service monitor agent 1696 implements traffic inspection points between the applications and the networking stack application interface, such as the sockets API. In other embodiments, the application interface agent 1693 performs traffic inspection and reports the results to the service monitor agent 1696. Traffic inspection can be accomplished in several ways, including, for example, implementing a T-buffer at each socket connection and feeding the side traffic into a traffic flow analyzer, which in combination with a mapping of application to socket provides much of the information listed above. In cases in which it is necessary to obtain traffic information from the application itself, some embodiments call for the application to be adapted to provide the information to either the application interface agent 1693 or the service monitor agent 1696. As an example, the application interface agent 1693 or the service monitor agent 1696 can monitor and decode advertisements downloaded via HTTP, but if the browser and HTTP server employ security above the sockets protocol stack layer then the application interface agent can communicate with the browser via a java applet or some other inter-process communication method. In some embodiments, the service monitor agent 1696, the billing agent 1695 and/or the policy control agent 1692 (or some other software or hardware function on the device) can monitor and/or control (e.g., allow, block and/or replace) advertisement traffic flow into the device. In some embodiments, the monitoring and control of advertisement traffic flow into the device is also used for bill by account purposes (e.g., charges, such as service charges, billed to the advertiser, sponsor, and/or service or transactional service provider).
In some embodiments, some or all of the service usage monitoring occurs below the application interface for the networking stack. In this case, some portion of the information listed above may not always be available due to encryption applied at the higher layers and/or the computational costs associated with performing deep packet inspection on mobile devices.
In some embodiments, the service monitor agent 1696 is also monitors the operating software install or loading systems, and/or otherwise monitors software installs or loads and/or software uninstalls/deinstallations.
Some of the information above may be considered by some users, advocacy groups or agencies as customer sensitive personal information. Simply sending the above information to the network for unspecified purposes may not, therefore, be acceptable for some service providers. However, if the user provides specific approval (e.g., informed consent) for the device, network or service provider to use some or all of the information that may be sensitive for specified purposes, then the user can control the level of information that is used and the purpose the information is used for. Accordingly, various embodiments described herein provide the user with control of what information is used and the purposes it is used for thereby allowing the user adequate control of any such sensitive information. In some embodiments, information that is thought to perhaps be sensitive and is reported to the network must first receive user approval for the reporting. Some basic information is generally not considered sensitive and is necessary for certain basic service provider needs. For example, total data transmitted and/or received, traffic downstream and/or upstream speed, overall traffic usage by time of day are generally not considered private from the service provider's perspective and are necessary in many basic service policy implementations. As additional examples, perhaps other service usage history, such as total traffic email downloads and uploads but not the type of files or any specifics about the email traffic, the total web browsing traffic but nothing specific about the sites visited or content viewed, total file transfer traffic but not the type of files transferred or the addresses involved in the transfer, and other examples may not be viewed as private and, in some embodiments, provide valuable information for the service provider to manage services. Conversely, information such as websites visited, content viewed, mobile commerce transactions completed, advertisements visited, GPS location history and other service usage history the service monitor is capable of recording may be sensitive or private for some users and would thereby benefit from the various embodiments that provide enhanced user control of the reporting of such potentially sensitive or private data. It should also be appreciated that there is an inherent advantage to implementing traffic monitoring, traffic, service monitoring or service control on a device, because it is not necessary to report sensitive information to the network to accomplish many of these service policy implementation objectives.
In some embodiments, the service monitor agent 1696 assists in virtual application tagging of traffic flows through the networking stack policy implementation by tracking the virtually tagged packets through the stack processing and communicating the flow tags to the service policy implementation agent(s) 1690. In some embodiments, the service monitor agent 1696 maintains a history and provides reports or summary reports of which networks in addition to the networks controlled by the service controller 122 to which the device has connected. In some embodiments, this network activity summary includes a summary of the networks accessed, activity versus time per connection, and/or traffic versus time per connection. In some embodiments, the traffic reports that go to the network, possibly to service controller 122, billing system 123 and/or device service history 1618, are first filtered according to rules defined by user preference selection at the time of service activation (e.g., service plan/service plan option selection), time of first device use, at a time the user selected the option on the service UI or at a time the user chose to change the option on the service UI or some other time/mechanism allowing for user preference selection.
In some embodiments, the service monitor agent 1696 monitors application usage (e.g., which application the user executes on the device 100, such as e-mail applications, web browsing applications and/or media content streaming applications). In some embodiments, the service monitor agent 1696 monitors multimedia file usage (e.g., based on multimedia file type and/or based on specific multimedia files, such as specific movies and/or songs). In some embodiments, the service monitor agent 1696 monitors the device user interface, application, and content discovery history (e.g., monitoring which applications/content the user accesses from the device, including monitoring the pattern by which the user accesses such applications/content, such as how the user navigates the user interface on the device to access such applications/content and maintaining such patterns and history, such as which icons the user access on a home page, secondary or other portion/mechanism on the device for accessing various applications/content). In some embodiments, the service monitor agent 1696 monitors advertisements provided to the user on the device 100. In some embodiments, the service monitor agent 1696 monitors advertisements viewed (e.g., accessed, such as by clicking on a web advertisement) by the user on the device 100. In some embodiments, the service monitor agent 1696 monitors GPS/location information for the device 100. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, the service monitor agent 1696 can monitor a wide variety of activities performed by the device/user of the device and/or based on other information related to the device 100 such as GPS/location information. As described herein, in some embodiments, the user of the device 100 can also specify which activities that the user authorizes for such monitoring (e.g., the user may prefer to not allow for such GPS/location monitoring).
In some embodiments, the application interface agent 1693 provides an interface for device application programs. In some embodiments, the application interface agent 1693 identifies application level traffic, reports virtual service identification tags or appends literal service identification tags to assist service policy implementation, such as access control, traffic shaping QoS control, service type dependent billing or other service control or implementation functions. In some embodiments, the application interface agent 1693 assists with application layer service usage monitoring by, for example, passively inspecting and logging traffic or service characteristics at a point in the software stack between the applications and the standard networking stack application interface, such as the sockets API. In some embodiments, the application interface agent 1693 intercepts traffic between the applications and the standard network stack interface API in order to more deeply inspect the traffic, modify the traffic or shape the traffic (e.g., thereby not requiring any modification of the device networking/communication stack of the device OS). In some embodiments, the application interface agent 1693 implements certain aspects of service policies, such as application level access control, application associated billing, application layer service monitoring or reporting, application layer based traffic shaping, service type dependent billing, or other service control or implementation functions.
In some embodiments, application layer based traffic monitoring and shaping can be performed as described below. The traffic from each application can be divided into one or more traffic flows that each flow through a traffic queue, with each queue being associated with one or more additional classifications for that application (e.g., the application can be a browser that is associated with multiple queues representing different destinations or groups of destinations it is connected to, with each destination or group of destinations having potentially different access control or traffic control policies, or the application can be associated with different content types or groups of content types with each content type having different queues, the application might be an email program with email text traffic going to one queue and downloads going to another with different policies for each). In some embodiments, queues are formed for all applications or groups of applications that are associated with one or more traffic parameters such as destination, content type, time of day or groups of applications can be similarly assigned to different queues. The functions performed by the application layer queues can be similar to the functions described for the policy implementation agent, such as pass, block, buffer, delay, burst in order to control the traffic or network access associated with the queue. The drop function can also be implemented, such as for application layer protocols that include reliable transmission methods, but if the application layer protocol does not involve reliable retransmission of lost information this can result in lost data or unreliable communication which may be acceptable in some cases. The manner in which the queues are controlled can be constructed to result in a similar approach for controlling services or implementing service activity control similar to the other embodiments described herein, including, for example, the policy control agent 1692 implementing an higher layer of service control to achieve a higher level objective as discussed herein.
In some embodiments, the application interface agent 1693 interacts with application programs to arrange application settings to aid in implementing application level service policy implementation or billing, such as email file transfer options, peer to peer networking file transfer options, media content resolution or compression settings and/or inserting or modifying browser headers. In some embodiments, the application interface agent 1693 intercepts certain application traffic to modify traffic application layer parameters, such as email file transfer options or browser headers. In some embodiments, the application interface agent 1693 transmits or receives a service usage test element to aid in verifying service policy implementation, service monitoring or service billing. In some embodiments, the application interface agent 1693 performs a transaction billing intercept function to aid the billing agent 1695 in transaction billing. In some embodiments, the application interface agent 1693 transmits or receives a billing test element to aid in verifying transaction billing or service billing.
In some embodiments, a modem firewall 1655 blocks or passes traffic based on service policies and traffic attributes. In some embodiments, the modem firewall 1655 assists in virtual or literal upstream traffic flow tagging. Although not shown in FIG. 16, in some embodiments, the modem firewall 1655 is located on either side of the modem bus and in some embodiments it is advantageous to locate it on the modem itself.
In some embodiments, the billing agent 1695 detects and reports service billing events. In some embodiments, the billing agent 1695 plays a key role in transaction billing. In some embodiments, the billing agent 1695 performs one or more of the following functions: provides the user with service plan options, accepts service plan selections, provides options on service usage notification policies, accepts user preference specifications on service usage notification policies, provides notification on service usage levels, provides alerts when service usage threatens to go over plan limits or to generate excess cost, provides options on service usage control policy, accepts choices on service usage control policy, informs policy control agent 1692 of user preference on service usage control policy, provides billing transaction options and/or accepts billing transaction choices. In some embodiments, the billing agent 1695 interacts with transaction servers (e.g., open content transaction partner sites 134) to conduct ecommerce transactions with central billing 123.
In some embodiments, service processor 115 includes one or more service usage or service activity counters. For example, the service monitor agent 1696, billing agent 1695 or a combination of these agents and/or other agents/components of service processor 115 can include such a local service usage counter(s) for the device 100. In some embodiments, a service usage counter monitors service usage including data usage to/from the device 100 with the access network 1610. In some embodiments, the service usage counter periodically, in response to a user request, in response to a service processor 115 agent's request (e.g., the billing agent 1695, the policy control agent 1692, or another agent of service processor 115), in response to the service controller 122, and/or in response to the central billing 123 (e.g., for billing purposes and/or for storing in the device service history 1618), provides a service usage report, including monitored service usage for the device 100. In some embodiments, the service usage counter periodically, or in response to a request, synchronizes the service usage counter on the device 100 with a network (and/or billing) service usage counter, such as that maintained potentially at central billing 123. In some embodiments, service processor 115 utilizes the service usage counter to provide a service usage projection. In some embodiments, service processor 115 utilizes the service usage counter to provide a service usage cost estimate. In some embodiments, service usage projections from policy control agent 1692 are used to estimate the projected future service usage if user service usage behavior remains consistent. In some embodiments, service processor 115 utilizes the service usage counter to provide a cost of service usage, and the service processor 115 then periodically, or in response to a request, synchronizes the cost of service usage with, for example, the central billing 123. In some embodiments, the service processor 115 utilizes the service usage counter to determine whether the user is exceeding and/or is projected to exceed their current service plan for data usage, and then various actions can be performed as similarly described herein to allow the user to modify their service plan and/or modify (e.g., throttle) their network data usage. In some embodiments, the service usage counter can support providing to the user the following service usage related data/reports: service usage, known usage and estimated usage, projected usage, present costs, projected costs, cost to roam, cost to roam options, and/or projected roaming costs. For example, including a local service data usage counter on the device 100 allows the service processor 115 to more accurately monitor service data usage, because, for example, network (and/or billing) service usage counters may not accurately also include, for example, control plane data traffic sent to/from the device 100 in their monitored service data usage count.
In some embodiments, verifiable device based service billing solutions are provided. For example, as described herein, various device based service billing solutions can include a wide range of verification techniques to ensure that the device is properly reporting service billing events (e.g., to verify/ensure that the service billing is not malfunctioning and/or has not been tampered with/compromised such that it is not accurately or timely providing service billing information). As described herein, service billing generally refers the billing for one or more services for a device, such as device 100 (e.g., email service billing for data usage associated with received/sent email related data over the access network 1610, web browsing service billing for data usage associated with received/sent web browsing related data over the access network 1610 and/or any other network based service, and/or any transactional based services, such as for multimedia content purchases or other transactions).
In some embodiments, verifiable device based service billing is provided by sending dummy(/test) billing events, such as having an access control integrity server 1654 of the service controller 122 instruct the access control integrity agent 1694 to send a dummy(/test) billing event to the billing agent 1695. If the billing agent does not then send the expected report, which should reflect the dummy(/test) (or fails to timely send any report), then the system can verify whether the billing process is working properly. In addition, a dummy (/test) transaction can be used to verify transaction based billing through a variety of approaches (e.g., the access control integrity agent 1694 can similarly send a dummy(/test) transactional billing event to the billing agent 1695 as a test to determine whether the billing agent 1695 then provides the expected report reflecting that dummy(/test) transaction). For example, the test billing events can be trapped by a device assisted billing mediation server and removed from the user account billing.
In some embodiments, verifiable device based service billing is provided by sending one or more data bursts to the device to confirm that data was received and to confirm that the service monitor agent 1696 properly logged the data burst(s) in the local service usage or service activity counter. In some embodiments, data bursts can be used to verify data throttling (e.g., if the device has exceeded service data usage limits and/or is approaching such limits such that service data usage should be throttled, then sending data bursts can be used to verify whether the expected throttling is properly being performed on the device). In some embodiments, verifiable device based service billing is provided by submitting requests to connect to an unauthorized service/website to verify if that unauthorized service usage is properly blocked. In some embodiments, verifiable device based service billing is provided by submitting requests to perform an unauthorized transaction to verify if that unauthorized transaction is properly blocked.
In some embodiments, verifiable device based service billing is provided by verifying device service activities relative to IPDRs for the device. In some embodiments, the IPDRs for the device (possibly in a modified format) are periodically and/or upon request sent to the device, as described herein. For example, IPDRs for the device can be compared to the device's local service data usage counter and/or to the service plan for the device to determine if the overall service data usage limit has been exceeded, whether out of plan/unauthorized/unrecorded websites/other services have been performed by the device, whether service plan/profile bandwidth limits have been exceeded, whether out of plan/unauthorized/unrecorded transactions have been performed (e.g., verifying IPDR transaction logs, assuming such are included in the IPDRs, with the local transaction logs of the device to determine, for example, whether the local device records indicate that fewer than the network recorded number of content downloads, such as downloaded songs, were purchased), and/or whether any other activities verifiable based on a comparison of IPDRs indicate that the device has been used in any manner that is out of or exceeds the service plan/profile for the device.
In some embodiments, device based service billing includes recording billing option response history. For example, this approach can be particularly important for service plan overage conditions (e.g., when the use of the device is exceeding the service plan associated with the device in some manner, such as service data usage, bandwidth, service or transaction access and/or in some other manner). In some embodiments, in a service plan overage condition, the user is requested to confirm that user has acknowledged notification of service plan overage, such as via the user interface 1697. In some embodiments, such service plan overage acknowledgements require that the user enter a unique identification to validate authorization by the user identity associated with the device (e.g., another type of verification mechanism, in the event a device is stolen or being used by someone other than the authorized user of the device, then that unauthorized user would not be able to confirm the service plan overage acknowledgement, and appropriate actions can then be taken, such as throttling, quarantining or (temporarily) suspending service/network access). In some embodiments, if the device is compromised/hacked (e.g., by the user of the device), and the device is used in a manner that results in a service usage overage (e.g., determined based on device assisted service usage monitoring, and/or network based service usage monitoring using IPDRs/CDRs), then the billing system determines billing for such service usage overage costs. This overage billing can be initiated by the device 100 (e.g., service processor 115), the service controller 122, the billing system 123, the AAA 121, or some other network function. In some embodiments, if the device is compromised/hacked (e.g., by a user of the device), and the device is used in a manner that results in a service usage overage, one or more of the following actions is taken: the user is notified, the user is required to acknowledge the notification, the device traffic is sent to SPAN (or similar traffic sampling and analysis function), and/or the device is flagged for further analysis.
In some embodiments, device based service billing includes an option to bill by account, such as to bill different service activities and/or transactions to a specified account (e.g., other than the user's account associated with the general service plan for the device). For example, bill by account can provide for billing according to application, content type, website, transaction, network chatter (e.g., heartbeat communications and/or other network traffic that is used by, for example, the central/service provider to generally maintain network access for the device), and/or transaction partner sponsored activities and then report such bill by account information for billing mediation/reconciliation. For example, a bill by account report can be sent by billing agent 1695 from the device to central billing 123 (e.g., as a billing event); or alternatively, sent to an intermediate server/aggregator, which can then reformat and send the reformatted report to central billing 123 (e.g., providing the billing report in a format required by central billing 123); or alternatively, sent to a mediation server, which can re-compute the billing based on the bill by account report (e.g., offset the bill based on network chatter, transaction based billing, transaction partner sponsored activities, content providers, website providers and/or advertising providers) and then send the recomputed (and potentially reformatted) report to central billing 123.
In some embodiments, one or more of the mediation/reconciliation functions for device assisted billing, device generated billing events, device generated bill by account events and device generated open transaction billing events can be implemented in the service controller 122 (e.g., the billing event server 1662) or in another function located in the billing system 123 or elsewhere. This billing mediation server function accepts the device based billing events discussed immediately above, reformats the billing events into a format accepted and recognized by the billing system, mediates the billing event information to remove service usage billing from the user account and place it in other bill by account categories as appropriate according to the bill by account mediation rules, adds other billing events for service usage or transactions to the user account as appropriate according to the device based billing rules, and then applies the information to the billing information the user account to correct or update the account.
For example, a bill by account can allow for a website provider, such as Google or Yahoo, to pay for or offset certain account usage for web browsing, web based searching, web based email, or any other web based or other service usage activities, which may also be based (in whole or in part) on the activities performed by the user on such transactional services (e.g., based on advertisement viewing/accessing or click-through activities by the user, by which an advertisement business model used by such website providers directly or indirectly supports such service account subsidies). As another example, a bill by account can allow for an advertiser to pay for or offset certain account usage for viewing and/or accessing (e.g., clicking through) a web placed advertisement or other advertisement sent via the network to the device. As yet another example, various network chatter (e.g., heartbeat related network and other network chatter related service data usage) can be assigned to a dummy account and such can be used to offset the bill and/or used for tracking the data usage for such activities for the device. In another example, service data usage for access to a transactional service, such as a multimedia content download service (e.g., music, eBook, music/video streaming, and/or movie or other multimedia content download service), or an online shopping site (e.g., Amazon, eBay or another online shopping site), can be billed to a transactional service account assigned to a transactional service partner that sponsors access to that sponsor's transactional service, thereby allowing that transactional service partner to pays for or offset (e.g., subsidize) the account usage for such activities, which may also be based (in whole or in part) on the transactions actually performed by the user on such transactional services (e.g., based on the volume/cost of the multimedia service download purchases by the user and/or online activities).
In some embodiments, device based service billing includes recording billing events on the device and then reporting such billing to the network (e.g., central billing 123). In some embodiments, device based service billing includes reporting service usage events and/or applying cost look-up and logging/reporting service billing updates. For example, this allows for reporting not only service usage but also cost of such service usage to the user via the user interface of device 100. Also, for example, the cost of such service usage can also be reported to the billing server. In some embodiments, device based service billing includes reporting service usage to the network, and the network determines the cost for such service usage.
In some embodiments, billing information for roaming partners is provided. For example, a roaming server can include a roaming service cost data table for roaming service partners. In this example, when the device (e.g., device 100) connects to a roaming network provided by a roaming service partner, then the device can also receive the roaming service data rate based on the roaming service cost data table provided by the roaming server. Alternatively, the roaming server can send the roaming service cost data table (or a modified format of the same) to the device thereby allowing the device to determine the costs for such roaming network service usage or service activity. As described herein, the device can also automatically use a roaming service profile when connecting to the roaming network service and/or the user can be notified of the roaming service profile options based on the roaming service data costs and then select the desired roaming service profile accordingly.
In some embodiments, the user is provided with a list of service costs based on locally stored roaming table and a search of available roaming partners that the device 100 detects and can connect to. In some embodiments, the user is provided with a projected cost per day for one or more roaming service provider options based on typical service usage history and the cost for each service provider. In some embodiments, the user is provided with a set of options for service usage notification, controlling or throttling service usage and/or cost while roaming (e.g., using the service notification and cost control techniques as similarly discussed herein but applied to the roaming network). In some embodiments, these controls are set by a VSP (or, e.g., an IT manager using VSP functions). In some embodiments, roaming tables are updated periodically in the background while on a home network (or other low cost network) and cached. In some embodiments, cache updates occur based on fixed time period (e.g., late at night when updates are less expensive due to network inactivity). In some embodiments, the roaming partner cost table cache updates are done whenever connected to a desirable network that is not as expensive or bandwidth constrained (e.g., at home, work, or off the WWAN). In some embodiments, updates occur at time of day that network is not busy. In some embodiments, updates occur based on network push when roaming table is changed (e.g., one or more of the roaming partners changes the rate). In some embodiments, the service cost to update the roaming service cost table is charged to bill by account and possibly not charged to end user. In some embodiments, the roaming service center is provided as a service that is paid for (e.g., potentially bill by account tracks all related costs). For example, this type of roaming cost control can be provided as a service through central provider, MVNO, roaming partner provider, VSP or as a third party application not associated with any service provider (e.g., IT manager). For example, the controls for how to update cache, set service control policies, and other controls can be defined by any number of VSP entities including the user through a website service.
In some embodiments, a roaming service center is provided as a service in which, for example, the user is provided with a list of service costs based on a locally stored (or remotely accessed) roaming table. In some embodiments, the roaming service center provides the user with a projected cost per day for one or more roaming service provider options based on typical service usage history and the cost for each service provider. In some embodiments, the roaming service center provides the user with a set of options for controlling/throttling usage and/or cost while roaming. In some embodiments, these controls are set by a VSP (e.g., an IT manager using VSP functions). For example, roaming tables can be updated periodically in the background while on a home network and cached. In some embodiments, cache updates occur based on a fixed time period. In some embodiments, the roaming partner cost table cache updates are done whenever the device is connected to a desirable network that is not as expensive or bandwidth constrained (e.g., at home, work and/or off the WWAN). In some embodiments, updates occur at time of day that network is not busy. In some embodiments, updates occur based on a network push when a roaming table is changed (e.g., one or more of the roaming partners changes the rate). In some embodiments, the service cost to update the roaming service cost table is charged to bill by account and possibly not charged to the user. In some embodiments, the roaming service center is provided as a service that is paid for by the user and/or part of a service plan. In some embodiments, a bill by account function tracks all related costs. For example, the roaming service center can be provided as a service through central provider, MVNO, roaming partner provider, VSP or as a third party application not associated with any service provider (e.g., IT manager).
In some embodiments, a synchronized local service usage counter based on time stamped central billing information is provided. For example, the local service usage counter, as similarly described above, can also be synchronized to past service usage records (e.g., time stamped central billing records of service usage for the device) and use local estimates for current/present service usage estimates for the device. In this example, the central billing system (e.g., central billing 123) can push the time stamped central billing information to the device (e.g., device 100), the device can pull the time stamped central billing information, and/or an intermediate server can provide a mediated push or pull process. In some embodiments, synchronization is performing periodically based on service usage levels with free-running estimates between synchronizations.
In some embodiments, service usage is projected based on calculated estimates of service usage based on synchronized service usage and local service usage count information. For example, projected service usage can be calculated on the device or calculated on a server (e.g., a billing server or an intermediate billing server), which provides the calculated projected service usage information to the device, such as using various adaptive algorithms for service usage projections. For example, an adaptive algorithm can use historical/past synchronized network service usage information (e.g., synchronized with local service usage data based on time stamps associated with IPDRs) to assist in service usage projections, based on, for example, total service usage count, service usage count by certain service related criteria (e.g., application, content, service type, website and/or time of day). In another example, an adaptive algorithm synchronizes to past service usage data (e.g., the local estimate of past service usage data is updated to be synchronized up through the point in time associated with the latest IPDR time stamp that has been received) and current local estimates of service usage collected since the latest time stamp are then added to the time stamped IPDR service usage counter to minimize the service usage counter offset so that it is no greater than the difference between the network service usage measure and the local service usage measure since the latest IPDR time stamp. In some embodiments, these adaptive algorithm techniques are performed on the device and/or performed on the network (e.g., on a network server) for processing. In some embodiments, if there is an offset in the local device based service usage count between IPDR synchronization events and the IPDR service usage count between IPDR synchronization events, then an algorithm can be employed to estimate any systematic sources for the offset and correct the local service usage count to minimize the offsets. As an example, if the IPDR service usage count is typically off by a fixed percentage, either high or low, then an algorithm can be employed to estimate a multiplier that is applied to the local service usage count to minimize the offset between IPDR service usage synchronization events. In another example, there can be a consistent constant offset and a multiplier offset, both of which can be estimated and corrected for. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that more sophisticated algorithms can be employed to estimate the nature of any systematic offsets, including, for example, offsets that occur due to specific service usage activities or network chatter to manage the device, and such offsets can then be minimized between IPDR service synchronization events. In some embodiments, synchronized service usage data is used to create an improved analysis of the statistical patterns of service usage to provide more accurate service usage projections. Those of ordinary skill in the art will also appreciate that a variety of additional adaptive algorithm techniques can be used including those that provide for various statistical analysis techniques and/or other techniques.
In some embodiments, service usage is projected for the end of a billing/service period for a service plan versus the service usage allowed under the service plan for that billing/service period. A display of excess charges is also provided for the projected rate of service usage based on the monitored service usage behavior through the end of the billing/service period (e.g., this can be zero if the service usage is projected to be less than that allowed under the service plan and a positive cost number if it is projected to be more than the service plan). For example, this can be implemented in numerous ways, such as on a server in the network, on a gateway/router/switch in the network, and/or on the device, as discussed below and generally described herein with respect to other service/cost usage monitoring and notification embodiments. If implemented in the network server or gateway/router/switch, then the service/cost usage projections and related information can be pushed to the device, or the device can be notified that such information is available to pull and/or periodically pushed/pulled. The service usage information/estimates can be collected from the device, the network or both (e.g., reconciled and/or synchronized) as similarly described herein. The service usage information/estimates are then analyzed to determine service usage/cost projects as similarly described herein and compared to the service plan for the device to determine the projected service/cost usage overage (if any). In some embodiments, one or more of the following are determined by, reported to and/or displayed on the device: service usage value, projected service usage value, service usage plan limit, projected service usage overage, projected service cost overage, service plan period time duration, service plan time remaining before end of period and/or other pertinent information.
In some embodiments, the device also determines service costs based on the synchronized service usage count thereby allowing the device to also report the service cost information to the user. For example, the device can locally store a service cost look-up table(s), locally store different service cost look-up tables for different networks and/or for roaming networks, and/or request such information from a billing or intermediate billing server (and/or a roaming server) on the network. As another example, the device can obtain the calculated service costs based on the synchronized local service usage count and/or network service usage count from an intermediate server (e.g., a billing or intermediate billing server) thereby offloading the computational costs associated with calculated these projections and the data storage for service cost lookup tables onto the intermediate server on the network using the network service usage counter with or, alternatively, without the synchronized local service usage counter.
In some embodiments, service usage count categorization by network (e.g., a home network (such as a Wi-Fi, WAN, femtocell or other home network) versus a roaming network) is provided. Similarly, the synchronized local service usage counter can be synchronized by network. Also, a synchronized local service usage count for networks controlled by a central provider, for networks controlled by other providers (e.g., MVNO), and/or free networks can similarly be provided.
In some embodiments, a service notification and billing interface is provided. For example, service usage and projected service usage, such as described herein, can be displayed to the user of the device (e.g., via user interface 1697). Similarly, expected/projected service or cost overrun/overage, such as described herein, can also be displayed to the user. As another example, a most cost effective plan can be determined/projected based on historical and/or projected service usage, and this determined/projected most cost effective plan can be displayed to the user. In yet another example, a list of available networks accessible by the device can be displayed to the user. In this example, one or more undesired available networks can also be blocked from display thereby only displaying to the user desired and/or preferred available networks. In this example, service usage plans and/or service usage plan option comparison for one or more alternative networks or roaming networks can also be displayed to the user. Similarly, service cost plans and/or service/cost plan option comparison for one or more alternative networks or roaming networks can also be displayed to the user. In addition, roaming service usage, projected roaming service usage, estimated roaming service cost, and/or projected estimated roaming service cost can also be displayed to the user. These roaming service usage/costs can also be displayed to the user so that the user can utilize this information for selecting various roaming service billing options. In another example, alternative and/or least cost networks are determined and displayed to the user. In another example, alternative warnings are displayed to the user for any or specified roaming networks.
In some embodiments, the service notification and billing interface notifies the user of expected network coverage (e.g., based on the device's current geography/location and the accessible networks for the device from that current geography/location) and displays options to the user based on the expected network coverage information. In some embodiments, the service notification and billing interface notifies the user of their current service usage at specified service usage points and displays various options to the user (e.g., service usage options and/or billing options). For example, the user's responses to the presented options are recorded (e.g., stored locally on the device at least temporarily for reporting purposes or permanently in a local configuration data store until such configuration settings are otherwise modified or reset) and reported, such as to the billing server (e.g., central billing 123). For example, user input, such as selected options and/or corresponding policy settings, can be stored locally on the device via a cache system. As another example, the service notification and billing interface displays options to the user for how the user wants to be notified and how the user wants to control service usage costs, the user's input on such notification options is recorded, and the cost control options (e.g., and the billing agent 1695 and policy control agent 1692) are configured accordingly. Similarly, the user's input on service plan options/changes can be recorded, and the service plan options/changes (e.g., and the billing agent 1695 and policy control agent 1692) are configured/updated accordingly. In another example, the service notification and billing interface provides various traffic control profiles, such as for where the user requests assistance in controlling service usage costs (e.g., service data usage and/or transactional usage related activities/costs). Similarly, the service notification and billing interface can provide various notification options, such as for where the user wants advance warning on service coverage. In another example, the service notification and billing interface provides options for automatic pre-buy at a set point in service usage. In another example, the service notification and billing interface provides the option to choose different notification and cost control options for alternative networks or roaming networks.
In some embodiments, an online portal or web server is provided for allowing the user to select and/or update policy settings. For example, user input provided via the online portal/web server can be recorded and reported to the billing server (e.g., central billing 123). In another example, the online portal/web server can display transaction billing information and/or accept input for a transaction billing request, which can then be reported to the billing server accordingly.
As shown in FIG. 16, the service processor 115 includes a service interface or user interface 1697. In some embodiments, the user interface 1697 provides the user with information and accepts user choices or preferences on one or more of the following: user service information, user billing information, service activation, service plan selection or change, service usage or service activity counters, remaining service status, service usage projections, service usage overage possibility warnings, service cost status, service cost projections, service usage control policy options, privacy/CRM/GPS related options, and/or other service related information, settings, and/or options. For example, the user interface 1697 can collect service usage information from service monitor agent 1696 to update the local service usage counter (and/or, alternatively, the service usage information is obtained from the service controller 122) to update user interface service usage or service cost information for display to the user. As another example, service billing records obtained from central billing system 123 can be used to synchronize local service usage counters and service monitor agent 1696 information to perform real-time updating of local service usage counters between billing system 123 synchronizations. As another example, the user interface 1697 can display options and accept user preference feedback, such as similarly discussed above with respect to user privacy/CRM/GPS filtering, traffic monitoring and service controls. For example, the user interface 1697 can allow the user of the device to modify their privacy settings, provide user feedback on service preferences and/or service experiences, modify their service profiles (e.g., preferences, settings, configurations, and/or network settings and options), to review service usage data (e.g., based on local service usage counters and/or other data monitored by the service processor 115), to receive various events or triggers (e.g., based on projected service usage/costs), and/or the user interface 1697 can provide/support various other user input/output for service control and service usage.
In some embodiments, by providing the service policy implementation and the control of service policy implementation to the preferences of the user, and/or by providing the user with the option of specifying or influencing how the various service notification and control policies or control algorithms are implemented, the user is provided with options for how to control the service experience, the service cost, the capabilities of the service, the manner in which the user is notified regarding service usage or service cost, the level of sensitive user information that is shared with the network or service provider entity, and the manner in which certain service usage activities may or may not be throttled, accelerated, blocked, enabled and/or otherwise controlled. Accordingly, some embodiments provide the service control to beneficially optimize user cost versus service capabilities or capacities in a manner that facilitates an optimized user experience and does not violate network neutrality goals, regulations and/or requirements. For example, by offering the user with a set of choices, ranging from simple choices between two or more pre-packaged service control settings options to advanced user screens where more detailed level of user specification and control is made available, some embodiments allow the service provider, device manufacturer, device distributor, MVNO, VSP, service provider partner, and/or other “entity” to implement valuable or necessary service controls while allowing the user to decide or influence the decision on which service usage activities are controlled, such as how they are controlled or throttled and which service usage activities may not be throttled or controlled in some manner. These various embodiments allow the service provider, device manufacturer, device distributor, MVNO, VSP, service provider partner, or other “entity” to assist the user in managing services in a manner that is network neutral with respect to their implementation and service control policies, because the user is making or influencing the decisions, for example, on cost versus service capabilities or quality. By further providing user control or influence on the filtering settings for the service usage reporting or CRM reporting, various levels of service usage and other user information associated with device usage can be transmitted to the network, service provider, device manufacturer, device distributor, MVNO, VSP, service provider partner, and/or other “entity” in a manner specified or influenced by the user to maintain the user's desired level of information privacy.
As shown in FIG. 16, the service processor 115 includes the service downloader 1663. In some embodiments, the service downloader 1663 provides a download function to install or update service software elements on the device. In some embodiments, the service downloader 1663 requires a secure signed version of software before a download is accepted. For example, the download can require a unique key for a particular service downloader 1663. As another example, the service downloader 1663 can be stored or execute in secure memory or execute a secure memory partition in the CPU memory space. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that there are a variety of other security techniques that can be used to ensure the integrity of the service downloader 1663.
As shown in FIG. 16, the service processor 115 includes a modem driver 1640. In some embodiments, the modem driver 1640 converts data traffic into modem bus (not shown) traffic for one or more modems via the modem firewall 1655. In some embodiments, modem selection and control 1811 selects the access network connection and is in communication with the modem firewall 1655, and modem drivers 1831, 1815, 1814, 1813, 1812 convert data traffic into modem bus traffic for one or more modems and are in communication with the modem selection and control 1811. In some embodiments, modems, which are in communication with the modem bus, connect the device to one or more networks. In some embodiments, different profiles are selected based on the selected network connection (e.g., different service profiles/policies for WWAN, WLAN, WPAN, Ethernet and/or DSL network connections), which is also referred to herein as multimode profile setting. For example, service profile settings can be based on the actual access network (e.g., home DSL/cable or work network) behind the Wi-Fi not the fact that it is Wi-Fi (or any other network, such as DSL/cable, satellite, or T-1), which is viewed as different than accessing a Wi-Fi network at the coffee shop. For example, in a Wi-Fi hotspot situation in which there are a significant number of users on a DSL or T-1 backhaul, the service controller can sit in a service provider cloud or an MVNO cloud, the service controls can be provided by a VSP capability offered by the service provider or the service controller can be owned by the hotspot service provider that uses the service controller on their own without any association with an access network service provider. For example, the service processors can be controlled by the service controller to divide up the available bandwidth at the hotspot according to QoS or user sharing rules (e.g., with some users having higher differentiated priority (potentially for higher service payments) than other users). As another example, ambient services (as similarly described herein) can be provided for the hotspot for verified service processors.
In some embodiments, the service processor 115 and service controller 122 are capable of assigning multiple service profiles associated with multiple service plans that the user chooses individually or in combination as a package. For example, a device 100 starts with ambient services that include free transaction services wherein the user pays for transactions or events rather than the basic service (e.g., a news service, eReader, PND service, pay as you go session Internet) in which each service is supported with a bill by account capability to correctly account for any subsidized partner billing to provide the transaction services (e.g., Barnes and Noble may pay for the eReader service and offer a revenue share to the service provider for any book or magazine transactions purchased form the device 100). In some embodiments, the bill by account service can also track the transactions and, in some embodiments, advertisements for the purpose of revenue sharing, all using the service monitoring capabilities disclosed herein. After initiating services with the free ambient service discussed above, the user may later choose a post-pay monthly Internet, email and SMS service. In this case, the service controller 122 would obtain from the billing system 123 in the case of network based billing (or in some embodiments the service controller 122 billing event server 1662 in the case of device based billing) the billing plan code for the new Internet, email and SMS service. In some embodiments, this code is cross referenced in a database (e.g., the policy management server 1652) to find the appropriate service profile for the new service in combination with the initial ambient service. The new superset service profile is then applied so that the user maintains free access to the ambient services, and the billing partners continue to subsidize those services, the user also gets access to Internet services and may choose the service control profile (e.g., from one of the embodiments disclosed herein). The superset profile is the profile that provides the combined capabilities of two or more service profiles when the profiles are applied to the same device 100 service processor. In some embodiments, the device 100 (service processor 115) can determine the superset profile rather than the service controller 122 when more than one “stackable” service is selected by the user or otherwise applied to the device. The flexibility of the service processor 115 and service controller 122 embodiments described herein allow for a large variety of service profiles to be defined and applied individually or as a superset to achieve the desired device 100 service features.
As shown in FIG. 16, the service controller 122 includes a service control server link 1638. In some embodiments, device based service control techniques involving supervision across a network (e.g., on the control plane) are more sophisticated, and for such it is increasingly important to have an efficient and flexible control plane communication link between the device agents (e.g., of the service processor 115) and the network elements (e.g., of the service controller 122) communicating with, controlling, monitoring, or verifying service policy. For example, the communication link between the service control server link 1638 of service controller 122 and the service control device link 1691 of the service processor 115 can provide an efficient and flexible control plane communication link, a service control link 1653 as shown in FIG. 16, and, in some embodiments, this control plane communication link provides for a secure (e.g., encrypted) communications link for providing secure, bidirectional communications between the service processor 115 and the service controller 122. In some embodiments, the service control server link 1638 provides the network side of a system for transmission and reception of service agent to/from network element functions. In some embodiments, the traffic efficiency of this link is enhanced by buffering and framing multiple agent messages in the transmissions (e.g., thereby reducing network chatter). In some embodiments, the traffic efficiency is further improved by controlling the transmission frequency and/or linking the transmission frequency to the rate of service usage or traffic usage. In some embodiments, one or more levels of security and/or encryption are used to secure the link against potential discovery, eavesdropping or compromise of communications on the link. In some embodiments, the service control server link 1638 also provides the communications link and heartbeat timing for the agent heartbeat function. As discussed below, various embodiments described herein for the service control server link 1638 provide an efficient and secure mechanism for transmitting and receiving service policy implementation, control, monitoring and verification information between the device agents (e.g., service processor agents/components) and other network elements (e.g., service controller agents/components).
In some embodiments, the service control server link 1638 can employ the counterpart service control plane secure transmission methods discussed above with respect to the service control device link 1691. For example, one or more layers of security can be used to secure the communications link, including, for example, basic IP layer security, TCP layer security, service control link layer security, and/or security specific from service controller servers to service processor agents.
In some embodiments, the service control server link 1638 reduces network chatter by efficiently transmitting service control related communications over the link. For example, the service control server link 1638 can transmit server messages asynchronously as they arrive. As another example, the service control server link 1638 can perform collection or buffering of server messages between transmissions. As another example, the service control server link 1638 can determine when to transmit based potentially on several parameters, such as one or more of: periodic timer trigger, waiting until a certain amount of service usage or traffic usage has occurred, responding to a service agent message, responding to a service agent request, initiated by one or more servers, initiated by a verification error condition, and/or initiated by some other error condition. For example, once a transmission trigger has occurred, the service control server link 1638 can take all buffered agent communications and frame the communications. In addition, the service control server link 1638 can provide for an efficient communication link based on various embodiments related to the timing of transmissions over the service control link, as similarly discussed above with respect to the service control device link 1691 description. For example, the timing functions, such as asynchronous messages or polling for messages, constant frequency transmission, transmission based on how much service usage or data traffic usage has taken place, transmission in response to device side control link message, service verification error events, other error events, and/or other message transmission trigger criteria can be determined, controlled and/or initiated by either the device side or the network side depending on the embodiment.
In some embodiments, the service control server link 1638 provides for securing, signing, encrypting and/or otherwise protecting the communications before sending such communications over the service control link 1653. For example, the service control server link 1638 can send to the transport layer or directly to the link layer for transmission. In another example, the service control server link 1638 further secures the communications with transport layer encryption, such as TCP TLS or another secure transport layer protocol. As another example, the service control server link 1638 can encrypt at the link layer, such as using IPSEC, various possible VPN services, other forms of IP layer encryption and/or another link layer encryption technique.
In some embodiments, the service control server link 1638 includes the agent heartbeat function in which the agents provide certain required reports to the service processor for the purpose of service policy implementation verification or for other purposes. For example, the heartbeat function can also be used to issue queries or challenges, messages, service settings, service control objectives, information requests or polling, error checks and/or other communications to the agents. As another example, agent heartbeat messages can be in the open or encrypted, signed and/or otherwise secured. Additional heartbeat function and the content of heartbeat messages can be provided as similarly described herein, such as described above with respect to the service control device link 1691 and the access control integrity agent 1694 and other sections. In some embodiments, the service controller 122 and/or agents of the service controller 122 are programmed to periodically provide reports, such as upon a heartbeat response (e.g., an agent can repeatedly send necessary reports each heartbeat), and appropriate actions can then be taken based upon such received reports. Accordingly, the heartbeat function provides an important and efficient system in various embodiments described herein for verifying the service policy implementation and/or protecting against compromise events. There are many other functions the agent heartbeat service can perform many of which are discussed herein, while many others will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art given the principles, design background and various embodiments provided herein.
In some embodiments, the service control server link 1638 also provides a service control software download function for various embodiments, which, for example, can include a download of new service software elements, revisions of service software elements, and/or dynamic refreshes of service software elements of the service processor 115 on the device. In some embodiments, this function is performed by the service control server link 1638 transmitting the service control software as a single file over the service control link. For example, the file can have encryption or signed encryption beyond any provided by the communication link protocol itself for service control link 1653. In another example, the service control software files can be segmented/divided into smaller packets that are transmitted in multiple messages sent over the service control link 1653. In yet another example, the service control software files can be transmitted using other delivery mechanism, such as a direct TCP socket connection from a service download control server 1660, which can also involve secure transport and additional levels of encryption. In some embodiments, the service control server link 1638 and/or service download control server 1660 use(s) an agent serial number and/or a security key look up when agents are updated and/or when a dynamic agent download occurs.
As shown in FIG. 16, the service controller 122 includes an access control integrity server 1654. In some embodiments, the access control integrity server 1654 collects device information on service policy, service usage, agent configuration and/or agent behavior. For example, the access control integrity server 1654 can cross check this information to identify integrity breaches in the service policy implementation and control system. In another example, the access control integrity server 1654 can initiate action when a service policy violation or a system integrity breach is suspected.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity server 1654 (and/or some other agent of service controller 122) acts on access control integrity agent reports and error conditions. Many of the access control integrity agent 1654 checks can be accomplished by the server. For example, the access control integrity agent 1654 checks include one or more of the following: service usage measure against usage range consistent with policies (e.g., usage measure from the network and/or from the device); configuration of agents; operation of the agents; and/or dynamic agent download.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity server 1654 (and/or some other agent of service controller 122) verifies device service policy implementations by comparing various service usage measures (e.g., based on network monitored information, such as by using IPDRs, and/or local service usage monitoring information) against expected service usage behavior given the policies that are intended to be in place. For example, device service policy implementations can include measuring total data passed, data passed in a period of time, IP addresses, data per IP address, and/or other measures such as location, downloads, email accessed, URLs, and comparing such measures expected service usage behavior given the policies that are intended to be in place.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity server 1654 (and/or some other agent of service controller 122) verifies device service policy, and the verification error conditions that can indicate a mismatch in service measure and service policy include one or more of the following: unauthorized network access (e.g., access beyond ambient service policy limits); unauthorized network speed (e.g., average speed beyond service policy limit); network data amount does not match policy limit (e.g., device not stop at limit without re-up/revising service policy); unauthorized network address; unauthorized service usage (e.g., VOIP, email, and/or web browsing); unauthorized application usage (e.g., email, VOIP, email, and/or web); service usage rate too high for plan, and policy controller not controlling/throttling it down; and/or any other mismatch in service measure and service policy.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity server 1654 (and/or some other agent of service controller 122) verifies device service policy based at least in part on, for example, various error conditions that indicate a mismatch in service measure and service policy. For example, various verification error conditions that can indicate a mismatch in service measure and service policy include one or more of the following: mismatch in one service measure and another service measure; agent failure to report in; agent failure to respond to queries (e.g., challenge-response sequence and/or expected periodic agent reporting); agent failure to respond correctly to challenge/response sequence; agent improperly configured; agent failure in self checks; agent failure in cross-checks; unauthorized agent communication or attempted unauthorized communication; failure in service policy implementation test; failure in service usage reporting test; failure in service usage billing test; failure in transaction billing test; failure in download sequence; environment compromise event, such as unauthorized software load or execution (or attempt), unauthorized memory access (or attempt), unauthorized agent access (or attempt), known harmful software, and/or known harmful communications signature; and/or failure to respond to various messages, such as send message and suspend and/or send message and quarantine. In some embodiments, the access control integrity server 1654 (and/or some other agent of service controller 122) verifies device service policy by performing automated queries and analysis, which are then reported (e.g., anomalous/suspicious report results can be reported for further analysis by a person responsible for determining whether such activities indicate out of policy activities or to provide information to the user to inform the user of such anomalous/suspicious report results that may indicate out of policy activities). For example, the user can review the report to authorize whether such activities were performed by the user (e.g., website access requests, specific transactions, and/or phone calls) and/or indicate that such activities were not authorized by the user (e.g., indicate a potential compromise of the device, such as by malware or other unauthorized software/user use of the device). In another example, the user can also be connected to communicate with service support of the service provider regarding such reported activities (e.g., by text/chat, voice/phone, and/or video conference to a service support). Accordingly, in some embodiments, the access control integrity server 1654 (and/or some other agent of service controller 122) provides a policy/service control integrity service to continually (e.g., periodically and/or based on trigger events) verify that the service control of the device has not been compromised and/or is not behaving out of policy.
In some embodiments, upon detection of one or more service verification errors, such as the various service verification errors discussed above, the device is directed to a quarantine network status in which the device can, for example, only access network control plane functions, billing functions, and other functions generally controlled by the access network service provider or the central service provider. For example, quarantine network access restrictions and routing can be accomplished with the access network AAA and routing system (e.g., access network AAA server 121 and one or more of the gateways 410, 420, 508, 512, 520, 608, 612, 620, 708, 712, 720) or can be accomplished with device based access control or traffic control policy implementation. Quarantine network equipment or servers can, for example, be located within the access network or within another network with access to the access network. Communication with the quarantine network infrastructure can be accomplished, for example, with a secure link with one or more encryption levels or a dedicated private link. In some embodiments, quarantining a device includes, for example, a two step process for routing quarantine network device traffic, first, to a quarantine traffic handling router or server and, second, from there to the actual quarantine network infrastructure, with the route being determined by device parameters, user parameters, access service provider parameters or other parameters associated with the quarantine network routing. In some embodiments, the device is completely suspended from the network in which, for example, the device can first issue a user interface message to the user or issuing another form of a message to the user or service subscriber, such as via email, hard copy message and/or voice message. In some embodiments, the device network access, service capabilities and/or traffic shaping are limited, partially restricted or completely restricted, service capabilities. For example, these limitations and/or restrictions can be implemented in the device and/or in the network. For example, implementing a device quarantine (e.g., using a RADIUS server to quarantine the device) can involve assigning the device to a different billing profile.
In some embodiments, upon detection of one or more service verification errors, such as the various service verification errors discussed above, switch based port analysis is performed to further monitor the device (e.g., referred to as Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN) on Cisco switches, and various other vendors have different names for it, such as Roving Analysis Port (RAP) on 3Com switches). In some embodiments, the device service policy implementation behavior is monitored at a deeper level in the network by copying device traffic in the switch so that it goes to both an intended data path destination and to a specified port for switch based port analysis (e.g., the traffic content can be analyzed and recorded using deep packet inspection (DPI) techniques, which can provide a finer level of detail than the typical IPDR). For example, an advantage of performing a switch based port analysis function is that the traffic need not be analyzed in real time, and a sample subset of the devices on the network can be selected for such analysis based on, for example, either identifying devices that have suspect service policy implementation behavior and/or a regular sampling algorithm that eventually samples all devices, or some other selection approaches. As another example, a scheduled switch based port analysis sampling can be applied that eventually rotates through all devices and designates a higher priority in the sampling queue for devices that are suspect.
In some embodiments, switch based port analysis allows for off-line sampled or non-real-time DPI, as described above, as a verification measure for the device based service control measures that are implemented. In some embodiments, sophisticated DPI techniques are used to enhance the content of the IPDRs so that they provide detailed information that can be made available in the network. For example, some of the DPI packet analysis may be redundant between the device and the network, but this approach provides for a much finer grain validation for the device based service and less reliance on the device for some of the service traffic analysis that service providers need. In some embodiments, the device control server functions and the service control policy verification functions are implemented in an integrated hardware/software system (e.g., a gateway, server, router, switch, base station, base station aggregator, AAA server cluster or any other hardware or hardware/software system) located in the network that the network level traffic inspection is accomplished in, or in one or more servers integrated to operate in a coordinated manner with the DPI boxes. In some embodiments, the device control server functions and the service control policy verification functions are implemented in an integrated hardware/software system (e.g., a gateway, server, router, switch, base station, base station aggregator, AAA server cluster or any other hardware or hardware/software system) located in the network that provides deep service control capability (e.g., using DPI techniques) for devices that have some or all of the service processor functions installed and, in some embodiments, also providing coarser network control of the basics for devices that do not have a service processor installed in the device (e.g., such coarser network control functions include max data rate and/or max total data).
In some embodiments, the SPAN function is used in a revolving periodic manner as well to augment CDR data with deeper packet information for the purpose of spot-checking device based service usage measures. Examples of where this can be beneficial include spot checking network address access policies, spot checking ambient access policies, spot checking billing event reports, spot checking intermediate networking device/end point device count (via checking network source or destination addresses, token, cookies or other credentials, etc.). For example, the periodic SPAN can be scheduled for all devices equally, for certain devices or users with higher priority, frequency or depth of SPAN than others, higher priority, higher frequency or immediate priority for devices with higher usage patterns or unusual usage patterns, immediate or very high priority for devices with a policy violation status.
In some embodiments, a combination traffic inspection and service control approach implements traffic and service control functions in the network that are conducive for a network based implementation and implements traffic and service control functions in the device that are either more conducive for performing in the device or can only be performed in the device (e.g., activities involving inspection of traffic that is encrypted once it is transmitted to the network). For example, using this approach, activities that can be done in the network are generally performed in the network and/or are more efficiently performed in the network than the device, and activities that are more efficiently performed in the device or can only be performed in the device are performed in the device (e.g., depending on device processing/storage capabilities and/or other design/security considerations). For example, the following are various traffic and service control functions that, in some embodiments, are preferably or can only be performed in the device: network based packet processing capability limitations (e.g., encrypted traffic, application layer information unavailable once the traffic goes into the networking stack, other application/usage context information available on the device but not in the network); information that is generally/preferably maintained and processed locally in the device for network neutrality reasons (e.g., network neutrality issues can generally be efficiently implemented by keeping all, substantially all or at least some aspect of decisions on how to implement algorithms to control traffic local to the device and under user decision control, and/or by providing the user with a set of pre-packaged choices on how to manage service usage or service activity usage or manage service usage versus service cost or price); information that is generally/preferably maintained and processed locally in the device for user privacy reasons (e.g., deeper levels of traffic monitoring and service usage monitoring data where it is available for assisting the user in achieving the best, lowest cost experience and implementing a CRM filter function to the user so that the user can control the level of CRM the network is allowed to receive, such as with the higher levels of information being exchanged for something of value to the user, and/or user location information); information that is generally/preferably maintained and processed locally in the device for the purpose of informing the user of service control settings or service activity usage or to adjust service activity control settings or receive user feedback to choices regarding service usage policies or billing options (e.g., providing the user with a UI for the purpose of monitoring an estimate of service usage and/or notifying the user of at least some aspect of estimated service usage or projected service usage, providing the user with a UI for the purpose of monitoring an estimate of service cost and/or notifying the user of at least some aspect of estimated service cost or projected service cost, providing the user with a UI for the purpose of providing the user with one or more service usage and/or service cost notification messages that require user acknowledgement and/or a user decision and obtaining or reporting the user acknowledgements and/or decisions, providing the user with a UI for the purpose of providing the user with service options and/or service payment options, providing the user with a UI for the purpose of obtaining user choice for such options when service usage or cost estimates are about to run over limits or have run over limits or are projected to run over limits, providing the user with a UI for the purpose of monitoring or conducting open central billing transactions or other transactions, providing the user with a UI for the purpose of selecting the service control techniques and/or policies and/or algorithms and/or pre-packaged configurations that can be used to define or partially define the service activity usage control policies implemented in the device service processor or the network service control equipment/billing system or a combination of both); service control for roaming on different networks that typically do not have compatible DPI-type techniques with the home network; certain service notification and traffic control algorithms (e.g., stack-ranked activity statistical analysis and control of only the high usage activities); and/or a function for assigning a device to a service experience or ambient activation experience or virtual service provider (VSP) at various times from manufacturing to device distribution to a user of the device. In some embodiments, certain activities are implemented in the device as a solution for networks in which a new centralized DPI approach is not possible, not economically feasible, or for any number of reasons not an option or not a preferred option.
In some embodiments, a network based solution is provided for a more basic set of services for all devices that do not have service control capabilities, and a super-set of services and/or additional services are provided for devices that include a service processor. As described herein, a service controller function can be located in various places in the network in accordance with various embodiments. It should also be noted that various other embodiments described herein also employ a hybrid service control function performing certain service control functions in the network (e.g., collecting network service usage information, such as IPDRs, and/or performing DPI related functions in the network for collecting network service usage information and/or throttling/shaping traffic) and service control functions in the device (e.g., service processor 115, which, for example, monitors service usage in the device and/or performs throttling or traffic shaping in the device and/or performs certain billing event recording and reporting functions that are aptly performed on the device).
In some embodiments, lower level service policy implementation embodiments are combined with a higher level set of service policy supervision functions to provide device assisted verifiable network access control, authentication and authorization services.
In some embodiments, device based access control services are extended and combined with other policy design techniques to create a simplified device activation process and connected user experience referred to herein as ambient activation. As similarly discussed above, ambient activation can be provided by setting access control to a fixed destination, verifying access with IPDRs, verifying access by setting a max data rate and triggering off in the network if it exceeds the max data rate, and/or by various other techniques.
As shown in FIG. 16, service controller 122 includes a service history server 1650. In some embodiments, the service history server 1650 collects and records service usage or service activity reports from the Access Network AAA Server 121 and the Service Monitor Agent 1696. For example, although service usage history from the network elements can in certain embodiments be less detailed than service history from the device, the service history from the network can provide a valuable source for verification of device service policy implementation, because, for example, it is extremely difficult for a device error or compromise event on the device to compromise the network based equipment and software. For example, service history reports from the device can include various service tracking information, as similarly described above. In some embodiments, the service history server 1650 provides the service history on request to other servers and/or one or more agents. In some embodiments, the service history server 1650 provides the service usage history to the device service history 1618. In some embodiments, for purposes of facilitating the activation tracking service functions (described below), the service history server 1650 maintains a history of which networks the device has connected to. For example, this network activity summary can include a summary of the networks accessed, activity versus time per connection, and/or traffic versus time per connection. As another example, this activity summary can further be analyzed or reported to estimate the type of service plan associated with the traffic activity for the purpose of bill sharing reconciliation.
As shown in FIG. 16, service controller 122 includes a policy management server 1652. In some embodiments, the policy management server 1652 transmits policies to the service processor 115 via the service control link 1653. In some embodiments, the policy management server 1652 manages policy settings on the device (e.g., various policy settings as described herein with respect to various embodiments) in accordance with a device service profile. In some embodiments, the policy management server 1652 sets instantaneous policies on policy implementation agents (e.g., policy implementation agent 1690). For example, the policy management server 1652 can issue policy settings, monitor service usage and, if necessary, modify policy settings. For example, in the case of a user who prefers for the network to manage their service usage costs, or in the case of any adaptive policy management needs, the policy management server 1652 can maintain a relatively high frequency of communication with the device to collect traffic and/or service measures and issue new policy settings. In this example, device monitored service measures and any user service policy preference changes are reported, periodically and/or based on various triggers/events/requests, to the policy management server 1652. In this example, user privacy settings generally require secure communication with the network (e.g., a secure service control link 1653), such as with the policy management server 1652, to ensure that various aspects of user privacy are properly maintained during such configuration requests/policy settings transmitted over the network. For example, information can be compartmentalized to service policy management and not communicated to other databases used for CRM for maintaining user privacy.
In some embodiments, the policy management server 1652 provides adaptive policy management on the device. For example, the policy management server 1652 can issue policy settings and objectives and rely on the device based policy management (e.g., service processor 115) for some or all of the policy adaptation. This approach can require less interaction with the device thereby reducing network chatter on service control link 1653 for purposes of device policy management (e.g., network chatter is reduced relative to various server/network based policy management approaches described above). This approach can also provide robust user privacy embodiments by allowing the user to configure the device policy for user privacy preferences/settings so that, for example, sensitive information (e.g., geo-location data, website history) is not communicated to the network without the user's approval. In some embodiments, the policy management server 1652 adjusts service policy based on time of day. In some embodiments, the policy management server 1652 receives, requests or otherwise obtains a measure of network availability and adjusts traffic shaping policy and/or other policy settings based on available network capacity.
In some embodiments, the policy management server 1652 performs a service control algorithm to assist in managing overall network capacity or application QoS. In some embodiments, the policy management server 1652 performs an algorithm to determine which access network is best to connect to, such as based on network capacity or application QoS, service usage costs, and/or any other criteria. In some embodiments, the device is capable of connecting to more than one network, and accordingly, device service policies can be selected/modified based on which network the device is connected to. In some embodiments, the network control plane servers detect a network connection change from a first network to a second network and initiate the service policy implementation established for the second network. In other embodiments, the device based adaptive policy control agent (e.g., policy control agent 1692 described herein) detects network connection changes from the first network to the second network and implements the service policies established for the second network.
In some embodiments, when more than one access network is available, the network is chosen based on which network is most preferred according to a network preference list or according to the network that optimizes a network cost function. For example, the preference list can be pre-established by the service provide and/or the user. For example, the network cost function can be based on a minimum service cost, maximum network performance, determining whether or not the user or device has access to the network, maximizing service provider connection benefit, reducing connections to alternative paid service providers, and/or a variety of other network preference criteria. In other embodiments, the device detects when one or more preferred networks are not available, implements a network selection function or intercepts other network selection functions, and offers a connection to the available service network that is highest on a preference list. For example, the preference list can be set by the service provider, the user and/or the service subscriber.
As shown in FIG. 16, service controller 122 includes a network traffic analysis server 1656. In some embodiments, the network traffic analysis server 1656 collects/receives service usage history for devices and/or groups of devices and analyzes the service usage. In some embodiments, the network traffic analysis server 1656 presents service usage statistics in various formats to identify improvements in network service quality and/or service profitability. In other embodiments, the network traffic analysis server 1656 estimates the service quality and/or service usage for the network under variable settings on potential service policy. In other embodiments, the network traffic analysis server 1656 identifies actual or potential service behaviors by one or more devices that are causing problems for overall network service quality or service cost.
As shown in FIG. 16, service controller 122 includes a beta test server 1658. In some embodiments, the beta test server 1658 publishes candidate service plan policy settings to one or more devices. In some embodiments, the beta test server 1658 provides summary reports of network service usage or user feedback information for one or more candidate service plan policy settings. In some embodiments, the beta test server 1658 provides a mechanism to compare the beta test results for different candidate service plan policy settings or select the optimum candidates for further policy settings optimization.
As shown in FIG. 16, service controller 122 includes a service download control server 1660. In some embodiments, the service download control server 1660 provides a download function to install and/or update service software elements (e.g., the service processor 115 and/or agents/components of the service processor 115) on the device, as described herein.
As shown in FIG. 16, service controller 122 includes a billing event server 1662. In some embodiments, the billing event server 1662 collects billing events, provides service plan information to the service processor 115, provides service usage updates to the service processor 115, serves as interface between device and central billing server 123, and/or provides trusted third party function for certain ecommerce billing transactions.
As shown in FIG. 16, the Access Network AAA server 121 is in network communication with the access network 1610. In some embodiments, the Access Network AAA server 121 provides the necessary access network AAA services (e.g., access control and authorization functions for the device access layer) to allow the devices onto the central provider access network and the service provider network. In some embodiments, another layer of access control is required for the device to gain access to other networks, such as the Internet, a corporate network and/or a machine to machine network. This additional layer of access control can be implemented, for example, by the service processor 115 on the device. In some embodiments, the Access Network AAA server 121 also provides the ability to suspend service for a device and resume service for a device based on communications received from the service controller 122. In some embodiments, the Access Network AAA server 121 also provides the ability to direct routing for device traffic to a quarantine network or to restrict or limit network access when a device quarantine condition is invoked. In some embodiments, the Access Network AAA server 121 also records and reports device network service usage (e.g., device network service usage can be reported to device service history 1618).
As shown in FIG. 16, the device service history 1618 is in network communication with the access network 1610. In some embodiments, the device service history 1618 provides service usage data records used for various purposes in various embodiments. In some embodiments, the device service history 1618 is used to assist in verifying service policy implementation. In some embodiments, the device service history 1618 is used to verify service monitoring. In some embodiments, the device service history 1618 is used to verify billing records and/or billing policy implementation. In some embodiments, the device service history 1618 is used to synchronize and/or verify the local service usage counter.
As shown in FIG. 16, the central provider billing server 123 is in network communication with the access network 1610. In some embodiments, the central provider billing server 123 provides a mediation function for central provider billing events. For example, the central provider billing server 123 can accept service plan changes. In some embodiments, the central provider billing server 123 provides updates on device service usage, service plan limits and/or service policies. In some embodiments, the central provider billing server 123 collects billing events, formulates bills, bills service users, provides certain billing event data and service plan information to the service controller 122 and/or device 100.
As wireless networks, such as mobile networks, evolve towards higher bandwidth services, which can include or require, for example, various levels of Quality of Service (QoS) (e.g., conversational, interactive data, streaming data, and/or various (end-to-end) real-time services that may benefit from QoS), demands will increase for converged network services to facilitate such services for end-to-end services between networks (e.g., to allow for control and/or support for such services, for example, QoS support, across network boundaries, such as between wireless networks (such as various service provider networks) and IP networks (such as the Internet), and/or other networks). While various efforts have attempted to address such QoS needs, such as policy management frameworks for facilitating QoS end-to end solutions, there exists a need to facilitate various QoS requirements using Device Assisted Services (DAS).
Accordingly, Quality of Service (QoS) for Device Assisted Services (DAS) is provided. In some embodiments, QoS for DAS is provided.
To establish a QoS channel, differentiated services are typically available, in which one class/level of service has a higher priority than another to provide for differentiated services on a network, such as a wireless network. For example, in a wireless network, various network elements/functions can be provisioned and controlled to establish a single end or end to end QoS channel. In some embodiments, a centralized QoS policy coordination and decision function using DAS techniques to assist in coordinating the QoS channel setup and control among the various elements of a wireless network is provided.
In some embodiments, QoS channel refers to the logical communication channel connected to a device that provides a desired level of QoS service level. For example, the QoS channel can be created with one or more QoS links, in which each link represents a QoS enabled connection that spans a portion of the total end to end network communication path from a near end device to a far end device. For example, the far end device can be on the same network or on a different network, potentially with different access technology and/or a different access network carrier. In some embodiments, the QoS channel includes one or more QoS links in which each link in the channel is QoS enabled, or one or more of the links in the channel is QoS enabled and others are not. As an example, a QoS channel can include the following links: a first device traffic path link, a first device to access network equipment element link (e.g., 2G/3G/4G wireless base station, Wi-Fi access point, cable network head end, DSLAM, fiber aggregation node, satellite aggregation node, or other network access point/node), a first carrier core network, a long haul IPX network, a second carrier core network, a second device to access network equipment element link, and a second device traffic path link as similarly described herein with respect to various embodiments.
In some embodiments, each of the links described above has the ability to provide QoS services for that segment of an overall QoS channel. In some embodiments, the device traffic path link and/or the device to access network equipment element link are QoS enabled, but the carrier core network and/or IPX network links are not QoS enabled. In some embodiments, the core network and/or IPX network have sufficient over-provisioning of bandwidth that QoS is not limited by these network elements and, for example, can be limited by the device traffic link and/or the device to access network equipment element link do not have sufficient excess bandwidth making it desirable to QoS enable these QoS channel links. A common example is a 2G/3G/4G wireless network in which a device traffic path link and the device to access network element link (e.g., Radio Access Bearer (RAB)) are QoS enabled while the carrier core network and IPX network links are not (e.g., are provided at a best effort service level or other service levels).
In some embodiments, a QoS session refers to the QoS enabled traffic for a given device that flows over a QoS channel or QoS link. This QoS traffic supports a QoS service activity. In some embodiments, a QoS service activity includes a device service usage that is requested, configured, or preferably serviced with a given level of QoS. In some embodiments, a device QoS activity is a combination of one or more of the following: application, destination, source, socket (e.g., IP address, protocol, and/or port), socket address (e.g., port number), URL or other similar service identifier, service provider, network type, traffic type, content type, network protocol, session type, QoS identifier, time of day, network capacity (e.g., network busy state), user service plan authorization or standing, roaming/home network status, and/or other criteria/measures as similarly described herein. For example, QoS service activities that are supported by QoS sessions can include VOIP traffic, streaming video traffic, differentiated access bandwidth during busy network periods, real-time interactive traffic, such as network connected multimedia meetings (e.g., shared presentations, picture, video, voice, and/or other such applications/services), best effort interactive, such as Internet browsing, time sensitive services, such as email message body delivery, near real-time interactive services, such as SMS or push to talk, background download services, such as email downloads and other file transfers (e.g., FTP), and/or truly background download services, such as software updates (e.g., OS or application software updates and/or antimalware updates including content/signature updates).
In some embodiments, various QoS levels or classes are supported. For example a conversation class can provide for real-time traffic, which is typically very delay sensitive but can tolerate bit errors and packet losses. The conversational class is typically used for Voice Over IP (VOIP) and video telephony, in which users of such services benefit from the short delay features of the conversational class. A streaming class is similar to the conversational class except that the streaming class typically can tolerate more delay than the conversational class. The streaming class is generally used for when one end of the connection is a user (e.g., human user) and the other end is a machine/computer (e.g., for streaming content applications, such as streaming of video, such as movies or other video content). An interactive class is generally intended for traffic that allows delay variation while requiring reasonably low response time (e.g., web browsing or other applications in which the channel can be unused for long periods of time but when a user makes a request for a new page/data, the response time should be reasonably low). A background class is generally used for lowest priority service usages (e.g., typically used for e-mail with and without downloads/attachments, application software updates, OS software updates, and/or other similar applications/functions). In some embodiments, various QoS classes or services are applicable to the conversational class. In some embodiments, various QoS classes or services are also applicable to the streaming class. In some embodiments, various QoS classes or services are also applicable to the interactive class but typically not applicable to the background class. As will now be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, various other classes can be provided with lower or higher granularity based on service usage/channel requirements and/or network architectures.
In some embodiments, a QoS link or a QoS channel supports one QoS session. In some embodiments, a QoS link or a QoS channel supports multiple QoS sessions. In some embodiments, QoS link provisioning is provided to setup the QoS traffic level for a given QoS session or group of QoS sessions.
In some embodiments, a QoS channel is a single ended QoS channel or an end to end QoS channel. For example, if a QoS channel is end to end, then the QoS channel provisioning is accomplished in a coordinated manner for each QoS enabled link in the QoS channel. If a QoS channel is single ended, then the network elements and/or device participate in provisioning as much of one end of the QoS channel as possible, leaving provisioning of the QoS for the other end of the channel as the responsibility of the device and/or network elements that handle the traffic at the other end of the QoS channel. In some embodiments, a single ended QoS channel includes another single ended QoS channel at the other end. In some embodiments, only one end has single ended QoS channel enablement while the other end of the channel is a best effort service level, which, for example, can be used where one end of the QoS channel has tighter constraints on traffic capacity or quality than the other end (e.g., a VOIP call with one end that is QoS enabled on a 3G wireless network that has relatively tight bandwidth compared to a lightly loaded cable modem network device on the other end which may not need to be QoS enabled in order to achieve adequate voice quality).
In some embodiments, a QoS request (e.g., a QoS channel request or QoS service request) is a request for a QoS provisioning event to enable a QoS channel for one or more QoS service activities. In some embodiments, QoS availability assessment includes determining whether one or more of the links in a possible QoS channel are available (e.g., based on network capacity and transmission quality) to provision the necessary level of QoS for a requested QoS channel. In some embodiments, a QoS request is initiated by a device, a user, an application, and/or a network element/function as similarly described herein.
In some embodiments, a service plan refers to the collection of access service capabilities, QoS capabilities, and/or network capacity controlled services that are associated with a communications device. In some embodiments, the access service capabilities, QoS capabilities, and/or network capacity controlled services are determined by the collection of access service control policies for the device. In some embodiments, these service control policies are implemented in the network equipment. In some embodiments, these access service control policies are implemented both in the device and in the network equipment. In some embodiments, these access service control policies are implemented in the device. In some embodiments, there are different levels of service control capabilities (e.g., policies) based on different levels of service plan payments or device standing or user standing. In some embodiments, there are different levels of service control policies based on network type, time of day, network busy status, and/or other criteria/measures as similarly described herein with respect to various embodiments. In some embodiments, the access control and QoS control policies are based on the type of service activity being sought. In some embodiments, the QoS level and access level available for a given service activity for a given device or user is determined by the policies associated with the service plan. In some embodiments, a QoS authorization assessment is performed to determine whether a device or user has sufficient service plan standing to allow the requested level of QoS.
In some embodiments, before a QoS channel or link is provisioned (or before a QoS request is responded to or filled), a QoS availability assessment is performed to determine whether sufficient communication channel resources are available to provision the necessary level of QoS for the QoS channel or link. In some embodiments, this QoS availability assessment is determined by assessing the available QoS capacity for one or more necessary QoS links in the channel. For example, the available QoS link capacity can be assessed for one or more of a device traffic path, a device to access network equipment element link, a core network link, and/or an IPX network link. If the QoS assessment shows that the necessary channel capacity and quality are available for the desired QoS level for one or more desired QoS service activities, then a QoS channel request or QoS service request can be granted. In some embodiments, a QoS link or QoS channel reservation process is provided to reserve QoS capacity and quality in advance of link or channel provisioning to ensure that the available QoS resources are not assigned between the time of QoS availability assessment and QoS channel provisioning.
In some embodiments, the QoS availability assessment is performed after QoS authorization assessment. This prevents the unnecessary exercising of network elements when the device or user does not have sufficient service plan standing to receive the desired level of QoS even if it is available. This can be an important screening function performed on the device in the service processor, or by a centralized network function such as the service controller (e.g., or interchangeably, the home agent; Home Location Register (HLR); Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) server/gateway/function; base station; one of the gateways, policy and charging rules function (PCRF), or other network element/function). In some embodiments, QoS availability is assessed without conducting a QoS authorization assessment or before receiving the response to a QoS authorization assessment.
In some embodiments, a QoS channel is provisioned to create the QoS channel to support a QoS session (e.g., a QoS service activity). In some embodiments, QoS channel provision includes assigning, routing, and/or otherwise causing the QoS session traffic to flow over one or more QoS links in the assigned QoS channel.
In some embodiments, device assisted service traffic control and QoS apply readily and directly to the problems of managing a QoS device link for QoS channel provisioning. Accordingly, in some embodiments, a service processor is provided to assist in provisioning the device portion of the QoS channel. In some embodiments, the service processor provisions the device link portion of the QoS channel by placing a higher priority on higher QoS level traffic. In some embodiments, this QoS priority is implemented in a number of ways, including routing the higher priority QoS traffic into first priority in the downstream and/or upstream traffic queues. Upstream traffic queuing is performed directly in some embodiments by transmitting guaranteed bit rate traffic first at higher available throttling rates, differentiated QoS traffic second with a controlled throttling rate, best effort traffic third with possibly lower controlled throttled rates, and/or background traffic fourth when/if bandwidth not needed by the higher levels of QoS traffic and at lower controlled throttling rates. For example, downstream traffic can be handled by queuing traffic and delaying or preventing TCP acknowledgements to be returned for the lower levels of QoS priority, while immediately passing the traffic and TCP acknowledgements for higher levels of QoS priority. The device link portion of the QoS channel is thus provisioned by assigning policies for the queuing priority, delay, throttle rate, and TCP acknowledgement return rate for device traffic in accordance with the bandwidth that is available at any point in time for the device. In some embodiments, various device service processor traffic control capabilities regulate or partially regulate QoS in accordance with a set of network policy instructions, including, in some embodiments, a service plan policy set.
In some embodiments the device service processor establishes multiple QoS channels through the device traffic path with each QoS channel having traffic control policies as described herein, with each QoS channel policy set creating a different class of QoS. In some embodiments, employing this multiple QoS channel approach, QoS for a given service activity is provided by routing the traffic for that QoS activity to the appropriate QoS channel with the appropriate QoS policy settings. The routing to the appropriate QoS channel can be provided using various techniques. For example, the routing can be provided by applying a common service traffic control policy set to traffic associated with all QoS service activities that require or request the QoS provided by the common service traffic control policy set. The application of the service traffic control policy set can be accomplished in a number of ways utilizing the embodiments described for the policy implementation agent and the policy control agent described herein. In such embodiments, the problem of assigning a QoS channel to a number of QoS service activities is reduced to applying a pre-determined set of service traffic control policies to each of the QoS service activities, with each pre-determined set of service traffic control policies representing a different QoS class. The device can then manage the overall QoS for all traffic based on the available traffic capacity and quality, the total aggregate traffic demand for each QoS traffic class and the policy rules that determine how each traffic class is provided with differential bit rate and traffic quality as compared to the other traffic classes for a given level of available traffic capacity and quality.
Based on the aggregate demand for each traffic QoS class, and the traffic capacity and quality level available to the device, the service processor can adjust the total available bit rate or percentage of available traffic capacity for each QoS class. For example, in some embodiments, the aggregate demand for the real-time interactive traffic control class (e.g., services, such as VOIP, emergency communication services or high performance real-time competitive gaming) can be determined, and the QoS routing function on the device (e.g., a QoS router agent/function) can first allocate enough constant bit rate traffic capacity from the available traffic capacity to satisfy these services, with each QoS service activity that requires this QoS class being assigned to this QoS channel. As more QoS service activities require this traffic class, the capacity allocated to the QoS channel out of the available device capacity is increased, and when fewer QoS service activities require this traffic class the capacity for this QoS channel is released. In the event that the device does not have any more available capacity with a guaranteed bit rate QoS level, then additional QoS service activities that desire, require or request this QoS level will not be provided this QoS level, and instead will either be provided with a lower QoS level or will not be allowed to connect to the access network. In some embodiments, there can be a hierarchy among the possible QoS service activities so that if there is no more capacity available at a given service QoS level, then the available capacity for that QoS class is provided to the service activities requiring that QoS from highest priority to lowest, until the available QoS class capacity is consumed, and then one or more QoS service activities that are too low on the priority list to obtain service with that QoS class are either bumped to a lower QoS class or are denied access. In some embodiments, once the required capacity to satisfy the real-time constant rate traffic needs is satisfied, the remaining capacity available to the device is then divided among the other QoS channel classes in accordance with a priority policy, with the priority policy being based on the relative priority of each service class, the relative priority of each QoS service activity, or a combination of the relative priority of each QoS service class and each QoS service activity. For example, these relative priority policies can vary from device to device based on service plan selection, device type, user standing, user group, device location, device network connection, type of network, time of day, network busy state, and/or other criteria/measures.
In some embodiments, a QoS link is established between the device and an access network equipment element. For example, such equipment element embodiments can include a 2G/3G/4G wireless base station, a wireless access point, a cable network head end, a DSL network DSLAM, a fiber network device traffic aggregator, a satellite network device traffic aggregator, a frame relay aggregation node, an ATM aggregation node, and/or other network equipment. In some embodiments, a logical communication channel is created between the device and the network equipment element, with the logical communication channel supporting a given level of QoS or QoS class traffic policy set. For example, the logical channel can include a RAB formed between a 2G/3G/4G base station and a wireless end point device. The RAB can be formed by controlling the media access control (MAC) parameters of the base station radio channel so that a given level of QoS class policies can be implemented. For example, the RAB can support constant bit rate, low latency communication traffic for guaranteed bit rate real-time traffic, or a differentiated high priority access channel for streaming traffic, or a best effort random access channel for best effort traffic, or an available unused capacity traffic for background traffic. The QoS channel link created in this manner can be dedicated to a single device, or shared with a subset of devices, or available to all devices. The QoS channel link created in this manner can be used by the device to support a single QoS activity as described herein, or a group of QoS activities as described herein. It will now be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that similar settings for cable head end and cable modem MAC can yield similar QoS classes for QoS links for the cable modem case and that similar techniques can be applied for a wireless access point or a satellite system MAC to achieve similar QoS classes for QoS links. It will also now be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that by creating multiple logical channels in the device link, and/or adjusting the available access network capacity and quality for each logical device communication channel in the DSLAM or fiber aggregator, similar QoS class QoS links can be established for the DSL and fiber distribution network cases.
In some embodiments the device service processor serves to route QoS service activities to the appropriate logical communication channel established for the desired QoS class supported by a QoS link between the device and the access network equipment element. In some embodiments, the device service processor elements (e.g., the policy implementation agent and/or the policy control agent) can be used in some embodiments to assign the same QoS traffic control policies to one or more QoS service activities that require the same QoS level. In a similar manner, in some embodiments, the device service processor elements can be used to assign or route service activity traffic for a given QoS class to the correct logical communication channel between the device and the access network element (e.g., a 2G/3G/4G base station) that supports the traffic control policies for the desired QoS class. For example, a QoS service link that supports guaranteed bit rate and latency can be established with one or more RABs from a base station to the device, and a second QoS service link can be established that supports differentiated preferred access for streaming content using one or more differentiated access RABs, and a third best effort RAB can be used to support best effort traffic. Each of the required RABs is first requested and then provisioned as described herein based on the aggregate required capacity and quality for one or more QoS service activities that require or desire the specific QoS service class associated with the RAB logical channel policy parameters. Once the set of logical QoS channels is thus established, the service processor (e.g., QoS router agent/function) routes the traffic associated with each QoS service activity to the appropriate RAB. In some embodiments, the service processor can detect increases or decreases in aggregate QoS class demand for each QoS class as QoS activities are initiated or terminated for that QoS class, and the service processor can communicate the required increases or decreases in the RAB assignments required to support that logical QoS channel.
In some embodiments, the access QoS link is established by direct communication from the device in which the device requests the QoS channel or link from the access network equipment element, or the device requests the QoS channel or link from an intermediate networking device, such as a service controller (e.g., or a readily substituted device with similar features, such as a home agent, an HLR, a mobile switching center, a base station, an access gateway, a AAA system, PCRF, or a billing system). In some embodiments, the device service processor bases the QoS channel or link request on an association the device performs to match a QoS service activity with a desired or required QoS class or QoS traffic control policy set. For example, this association of QoS class or QoS traffic control policy set with QoS service activity can be determined by a predefined policy mapping that is stored on the device and used by the service processor. In some embodiments, this policy mapping store is populated and/or updated by a service controller (e.g., or similar function as described herein). In some embodiments, the mapping is determined by a service controller (e.g., or similar function as described herein) based on a report from the device of the QoS service activity that needs the QoS channel or link.
In some embodiments, the required or desired QoS level for one or more QoS service activities is determined by a set of QoS service traffic control policies that are pre-assigned to various QoS service activities. For example, a given application can be pre-assigned a QoS class. As another example, a web service destination such as a VOIP service site can be assigned a QoS class. As another example, a given application can have one QoS assignment level for general Internet traffic but have a QoS assignment for real-time gaming traffic. As another example, a real-time broadcasting website can have a best effort QoS level assigned to programming information and general browsing and have a differentiated streaming QoS level for broadcast traffic content. In some embodiments, detection of QoS need or QoS assignment request for a given activity can be assigned by a device service processor according to a pre-defined QoS policy rules table (e.g., QoS activity table), or can be determined by a service controller based on information reported by the device, or can be requested by an application through a QoS application interface (e.g., QoS API), or can be determined by the nature of incoming traffic.
In embodiments, in which both end points in the QoS channel participate in establishing an end to end QoS channel, the required QoS level is determined and/or communicated by the originating end point. In some embodiments, the required QoS level is determined and/or communicated by the receiving end point. In some embodiments the QoS level is determined and/or communicated by the originating end point service controller (e.g., or the access network element (such as a base station), the HLR, home agent, mobile switching center, AAA, gateway, or other network element/function). In some embodiments, the QoS level is determined and/or communicated by the receiving end point service controller (e.g., or alternatively the access network element (such as a base station), the HLR, home agent, mobile switching center, AAA, gateway, or other network element/function). In some embodiments, the receiving end point service controller (e.g., or the access network element (such as a base station), the HLR, home agent, mobile switching center, AAA, gateway or other network function) and the originating end point service controller (e.g., or other similar function) communicate with one another to coordinate establishment of the QoS channel between the end points.
In some embodiments, the near end or originating end device service processor contacts the far end or terminating device service processor to initiate a QoS channel. In some embodiments, the initiation of the QoS channel from the near end or originating device is performed automatically by the far end device when its service processor detects that a given level of QoS is needed for the communication between the two devices. In some embodiments, the near end or originating device service processor detects the need for a QoS channel to the far end or terminating device and contacts a central network resources, such as the service controller (e.g., or other equipment element with similar function for this purpose), and the service controller provisions the far end of the QoS channel, either by communicating directly with the far end device or by communicating with the far end device's service controller (e.g., or other equipment element with similar function for this purpose). In some embodiments, in which the far end device service controller is contacted to assist in provisioning the QoS channel, there is a look up function to determine the address of the far end service controller based on a look up index formed from some aspect of the far end device credentials (e.g., phone number, SIM ID, MEID, IMSI, IP address, user name, and/or other device credentials).
In some embodiments, the mapping of QoS service activity to the desired level of QoS class or QoS traffic control policies is determined by providing a QoS API in the device service processor that applications use to request a QoS class or QoS channel connection. In some embodiments, an API is provided so that application developers can create application software that uses the standard interface commands to request and set up QoS channels. In some embodiments, the API does one or more of the following: accepts QoS requests from an application, formats the QoS channel request into a protocol appropriate for transmission to network equipment responsible for assessing QoS channel availability (e.g., including possibly the device traffic control system), coordinates with other network elements (e.g., including possibly the device traffic control system) to reserve a QoS channel, coordinates with other network elements (e.g., including possibly the device traffic control system) to provision a QoS channel, informs the application that the desired QoS channel can be created or not, and/or coordinates with other network elements (e.g., including possibly the device traffic control system) to connect the application with the desired QoS channel class. In some embodiments, the QoS API accepts the application QoS request and communicates and possibly coordinates with one or more QoS network equipment elements, such as a base station, cable head end or access point. In some embodiments, the QoS API accepts the QoS request from the application and communicates and possibly coordinates with an intermediate network element, such as a service processor (e.g., or other similar function as described herein). In some embodiments the QoS API assesses the QoS service plan standing for the device or user before sending QoS channel requests to other network elements, and only initiates the QoS request sequence if required service plan authorization is in place. In this manner, the potentially complex process of establishing a QoS channel with all the specific equipment communication protocols that typically need to be supported to assess QoS channel availability and provision the QoS channel are simplified into a limited set of API commands that are easy for an application development community to learn about and use for QoS differentiated services and applications.
In some embodiments, local traffic control on the device service processor is combined with traffic control in the link between the device and the access network equipment element. In this manner, both the device traffic control path QoS link and the device to access network element QoS link can be coordinated for best device QoS performance results given the available capacity and quality of the access network traffic for the device. In some embodiments, the policies for how the device manages local traffic control, establishes access network element logical channels (e.g., RABs) and routes traffic to and from the access network element logical channels is all determined by predefined policy rules loaded onto the device by the service controller (or other equivalent network element). In some embodiments, these policies are determined in the service controller itself.
In some embodiments, a QoS user interface (e.g., QoS UI) is presented to the device user. In some embodiments, the QoS UI notifies the user what level of QoS services the device is authorized to receive based on the service plan selection. In some embodiments, the QoS UI notifies the user what level of QoS services are available on the present network the device is connected to at the present time. In some embodiments, the QoS UI notifies the user when a level of QoS service that is higher than that authorized by the user service plan is required or desirable for a given service activity that the device has initiated. In some embodiments, the QoS UI provides the user with a set of one or more upgrade options to upgrade the service plan to include a higher level of QoS for one or more service activities. In some embodiments, the QoS UI provides the user with an opportunity to specify what level of QoS the user would like to employ for one or more service usage activities. In some embodiments, the QoS UI allows the user to specify a service plan setting that provides differentiated QoS during times when the network is busy. In some embodiments, the QoS UI allows the user to purchase one or more grades of service QoS with either a post-pay for a pre-defined service period and one or more pre-defined service usage limits by QoS class, a pre-pay for one or more pre-defined service usage limits by QoS class, or another payment system for differentiated QoS services. In some embodiments, the QoS UI provides the user with an opportunity to QoS enable or pay for QoS services for a connection that is initiated by an incoming connection to the device.
In some embodiments, QoS for DAS techniques include verifying that the device is properly implementing the QoS traffic control policies, for example, in accordance with a service plan. This ensures that errors, hacking, user device software settings manipulations, or other malware events do not result in inappropriate levels of QoS for a given device or group of devices. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the traffic control and QoS verification techniques described herein are employed to verify that the proper level of QoS is applied for a given service usage activity in accordance with a QoS priority policy. For example, verification of QoS channel request policy rules behavior can be implemented in a variety of ways including, as an example, monitoring device QoS channel requests and comparing the level of QoS requested with the level of QoS the device is authorized to receive in the service plan in effect for the device. Verification of proper QoS channel usage behavior by a device can be implemented in a variety of ways including, for example, monitoring network based reports of QoS service usage and comparing the network based reports against the service policy rules that should be in effect given the device service plan. Verification of proper device traffic control to implement a QoS service policy that is in effect can be accomplished in a variety of ways by verifying that the appropriate traffic control policy rules are being properly implemented as described herein. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity techniques include various verification techniques (e.g., verifying monitoring, traffic controlling, reporting, and/or other functions implemented or performed by the device), as described herein.
In some embodiments, the QoS router prioritizes traffic on the device. In some embodiments, the QoS router connects the QoS enabled session to the RAB that has the proper QoS level. In some embodiments, one session is routed to the RAB. In some embodiments, more than one session can be routed to an RAB. In some embodiments, multiple RABs providing multiple QoS levels are created to the device, and the QoS router routes each service activity to the RAB dictated by the QoS policy rules in effect on the device.
In some embodiments, the network collects service usage charges for different QoS classes. In some embodiments, there is differentiated service charging for the different classes of QoS service usage. As an example, since guaranteed bit rate traffic consumes network resources whether the traffic capacity is used or not, there can be a time element involved in the charging calculations. As a more detailed example, guaranteed bit rate services can be charged by the total bandwidth provisioned to the device at a given time multiplied by the amount of time that that bandwidth is made available. In some embodiments, differentiated access traffic that has higher QoS than best effort traffic but is not guaranteed bit rate can be charged at a higher rate than best effort traffic but lower than guaranteed bit rate. In some embodiments, such traffic can be charged based on the time the QoS channel is made available and the total amount of data transmitted over the channel, or can only be based on the total amount of data transmitted over the channel. Best effort traffic is charged in some embodiments based only on the total amount of data used, with the data charges being less than differentiated streaming access services. Background data services in some embodiments are charged at the lowest rate, possibly with only certain times of the day or periods of low network traffic demand being available for such services, and with the service being based on total data transmitted. In some embodiments, all QoS service levels can be charged based on a fixed price for a fixed charging period, possibly with a service usage cap with additional charges if the service cap is exceeded. In such fixed price scenario embodiments, the price charged is again higher for higher levels of QoS. In some embodiments, the network collects service usage charges for different network capacity controlled service classes. In some embodiments, there is differentiated service charging for the different classes of network capacity controlled service usage, as described herein.
In some embodiments, the network equipment (e.g., access network element, gateways, AAA, service usage storage systems, home agent, HLR, mobile data center, and/or billing systems) record and report service usage for one or more of the QoS service classes used by the device. In some embodiments, the device service processor records and reports service usage for one or more of the QoS service classes used by the device and reports the QoS service class usage to the service controller (e.g., or another substitute network element). In some embodiments, in which the device is recording reporting usage for one or more QoS service classes, it is important to verify the device service usage reports to ensure that the device usage reports are not distorted, tampered with, and/or otherwise in error. In some embodiments, verifying service usage reports against service usage that should be occurring given the service control policies in place on the device, service processor agent functional operation verification, test service usage events, agent query response sequences, device service processor software protection techniques, device service processor software environment checks, and several other techniques are provides as described herein. For example, using one or more of these verification techniques can provide a verifiable device assisted QoS service usage charging system. As another example, using one or more of these verification techniques can provide a verifiable network capacity controlled service usage charging system. In some embodiments, the network equipment (e.g., access network element, gateways, AAA, service usage storage systems, home agent, HLR, mobile data center, and/or billing systems) record and report service usage for one or more of the network capacity controlled service classes used by the device, as described herein.
In some embodiments, device assisted traffic control is provided for managing network congestion as follows. For example, when a given base station or group of base stations experience traffic demand that is high relative to the available capacity and/or service quality that can be provided, and such a condition is determined (e.g., detected or reported) based on a network busy state assessment as described below and further herein, then a service controller (e.g., or another network function) can issue, send, and/or implement traffic control throttling policies to/for the devices in accordance with a measure of the excess traffic demand the one or more base stations is experiencing. For example, the device service processors connected to an overly busy base station can be instructed to reduce the traffic control priority for one or more classes of QoS traffic, reducing the queuing priority, throttling rate, delay and/or access allowance for some or all of one or more classes of traffic. As another example, the device service processors connected to an overly busy base station can be instructed to reduce the traffic control priority for one or more classes of network capacity controlled services traffic, reducing the queuing priority, throttling rate, delay and/or access allowance for some or all of one or more classes of such traffic. As another example, one or more classes of network capacity controlled services traffic, such as background download processes, which can include, for example, software updates can be turned off completely or throttled back significantly. As another example, best effort traffic such as Internet browsing can be throttled or reduced for a group of devices connected to base stations experiencing excess traffic demand. As another example, a policy can be implemented on the devices connected to busy base stations in which the device is allowed to browse or conduct other best effort service activities at a relatively high throttling rate for a period of time, but if the device uses more than a certain amount of service (e.g., total data downloaded and/or uploaded) in a certain period of time then the device may be traffic controlled according to an adaptive throttling policy as described herein. In some embodiments, higher QoS level traffic cannot be throttled in such circumstances, such as VOIP traffic where real-time guaranteed bit rate is important to meet user service needs or expectations, while lower priority traffic such as interactive browsing and/or background download are throttled and/or blocked. In some embodiments, the QoS availability assessment processes described herein are adjusted so that higher QoS channels are not provided and provisioned in times or locations in which a given base station or group of base stations experience excess demand or demand above a given threshold.
In some embodiments, users or devices that have service plans with higher QoS levels, or service plans with higher priority during busy network periods have different traffic control policies (e.g., for QoS services and/or network capacity controlled services) applied to them that result in a higher level of traffic performance and/or a higher level of QoS service availability. For example, emergency service workers can be given higher traffic control access policies that result in differentiated services during peak busy times on the network or a portion of the network. In some embodiments, users can obtain a premium service plan for differentiated access during peak busy time periods or may use higher levels of QoS service settings and/or service plans to achieve differentiated service during peak busy periods. As another example, services that demand high levels of QoS classes, such as real-time voice services, instant messaging, push to talk, differentiated video streaming, and/or interactive gaming, are not traffic controlled to the same extent that other lower priority services or lower class service plans are traffic controlled during peak busy times. For example, this type of service differentiation can also be applied based on device type, user group, user standing, user reward zone points, and/or other criteria/measures as similarly described herein.
In some embodiments, the decision to control (e.g., reduce, increase, and/or otherwise control in some manner) the access traffic control settings as described above is made by the device service processor based on the device's assessment of the network capacity, which can be determined using various techniques as described herein. In some embodiments, the decision to control the access traffic control settings as described above is made by a service controller (e.g., or other interchangeable network equipment element or elements as described herein) connected to the device that provides instructions to the device to adjust the access policy settings. For example, the service controller can obtain the network capacity information from access equipment elements, from device reports of traffic capacity and/or quality as described herein, or from reports on traffic capacity and/or quality obtained from dedicated devices used for the purpose of assessing network capacity. In some embodiments, the decision to control the access traffic control settings as described above is based on the time of day, the day of week, or both to accommodate cyclical patterns in network capacity and traffic demand.
In some embodiments, a service controller (e.g., or another network equipment element or elements, as described herein) assesses network busy state and then controls device traffic demand by reducing the offered capacity for one or more service classes (e.g., for QoS services and/or network capacity controlled services) supported by the access network equipment elements, such as a wireless base station. In such embodiments, the service controller (e.g., or similar function) gathers the network capacity information with one of the techniques described herein and instructs one or more of the access network equipment elements to reduce the offered capacity for one or more levels of QoS classes and/or network capacity controlled service classes, to one or more of the devices connected to the access network equipment elements. For example, the determination of which devices to throttle back can be made based on an equal throttling of all devices of a given service plan status, or based on the device traffic usage patterns in the recent past as described herein, or based on a combination of service plan status and recent traffic usage patterns.
In some embodiments, the device is enabled with ambient services that have differentiated QoS services and/or network capacity controlled services as part of the ambient service offering. For example, ambient QoS techniques can be provided using the pre-assigned QoS policies for a given service activity set within the ambient service, or using an ambient service application that requests QoS through the QoS API. Other embodiments for providing QoS differentiated service activities within ambient service offerings will now be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. As another example, ambient network capacity controlled service techniques can be provided using the pre-assigned network capacity controlled policies for a given service activity set within the ambient service, monitoring and dynamically assigned techniques, and/or using an ambient service application that uses API or emulated API techniques, and/or other techniques as described herein.
In some embodiments, a QoS service control policy is adapted as a function of the type of network the device is connected to. For example, the QoS traffic control policies and/or the QoS service charging policies can be different when the device is connected to a wireless network (e.g., a 3G/4G network where there is in general less available QoS enabled traffic capacity) than when the device is connected to a wired network (e.g., a cable or DSL network where there is in general a higher level of QoS capacity available). In such embodiments, the device service processor and the service controller can coordinate to adapt the QoS service control policies and/or the QoS service charging policies to be different depending on which network the device is connected to. Similarly, the device QoS service control policy and/or QoS service charging policy can also be adapted based on whether the device is connected to a home wireless network or a roaming wireless network. In some embodiments, a network capacity controlled service control policy and/or a network capacity controlled charging policy is adapted as a function of the type of network the device is connected to, as similarly described herein.
In some embodiments, various of the QoS related techniques and/or network capacity controlled services techniques described herein are performed on the device using DAS techniques and/or on the service controller in secure communication with a verified service processor executed on the device using DAS techniques. In some embodiments, various of the QoS related techniques and/or network capacity controlled services techniques described herein are performed by/in coordination/communication with one or more intermediate network elements/functions for assisting in various techniques (e.g., functions) for QoS techniques and/or network capacity controlled services techniques as described herein.
FIG. 17 illustrates a functional diagram of a network architecture for providing quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) and/or for providing DAS for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, QoS for DAS techniques described herein are implemented using the network architecture shown in FIG. 17. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity techniques described herein are implemented using the network architecture shown in FIG. 17.
As shown, FIG. 17 includes a 4G/3G/2G wireless network operated by, for example, a central provider. As shown, various wireless devices 100 are in communication with base stations 125 for wireless network communication with the wireless network (e.g., via a firewall 124), and other devices 100 are in communication with Wi-Fi Access Points (APs) or Mesh 702 for wireless communication to Wi-Fi Access CPE 704 in communication with central provider access network 109. In some embodiments, one or more of the devices 100 are in communication with other network element(s)/equipment that provides an access point, such as a cable network head end, a DSL network DSLAM, a fiber network aggregation node, and/or a satellite network aggregation node. In some embodiments, each of the wireless devices 100 includes a service processor 115 (as shown) (e.g., executed on a processor of the wireless device 100), and each service processor connects through a secure control plane link to a service controller 122 (e.g., using encrypted communications).
In some embodiments, service usage information includes network based service usage information (e.g., network based service usage measures or charging data records (CDRs), which can, for example, be generated by service usage measurement apparatus in the network equipment), which is obtained from one or more network elements (e.g., BTS/BSCs 125, RAN Gateways (not shown), Transport Gateways (not shown), Mobile Wireless Center/HLRs 132, AAA 121, Service Usage History/CDR Aggregation, Mediation, Feed 119, or other network equipment). In some embodiments, service usage information includes micro-CDRs. In some embodiments, micro-CDRs are used for CDR mediation or reconciliation that provides for service usage accounting on any device activity that is desired. In some embodiments, each device activity that is desired to be associated with a billing event is assigned a micro-CDR transaction code, and the service processor 115 is programmed to account for that activity associated with that transaction code. In some embodiments, the service processor 115 periodically reports (e.g., during each heartbeat or based on any other periodic, push, and/or pull communication technique(s)) micro-CDR usage measures to, for example, the service controller 122 or some other network element. In some embodiments, the service controller 122 reformats the heartbeat micro-CDR usage information into a valid CDR format (e.g., a CDR format that is used and can be processed by an SGSN or GGSN or other network elements/equipment used/authorized for generating or processing CDRs) and then transmits it to a network element/function for CDR mediation (e.g., CDR Storage, Aggregation, Mediation, Feed 119).
In some embodiments, CDR mediation is used to account for the micro-CDR service usage information by depositing it into an appropriate service usage account and deducting it from the user device bulk service usage account. For example, this technique provides for a flexible service usage billing solution that uses pre-existing solutions, infrastructures, and/or techniques for CDR mediation and billing. For example, the billing system (e.g., billing system 123 or billing interface 127) processes the mediated CDR feed from CDR mediation, applies the appropriate account billing codes to the aggregated micro-CDR information that was generated by the device, and then generates billing events in a manner that does not require changes to the existing billing systems (e.g., using new transaction codes to label the new device assisted billing capabilities). In some embodiments, network provisioning system 162 provisions various network elements/functions for authorization in the network, such as to authorize certain network elements/functions (e.g., CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 or other network elements/functions) for providing micro-CDRs, reformatted micro-CDRs, and/or aggregated or reconciled CDRs.
As shown in FIG. 17, a CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 is provided. In some embodiments, the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 receives, stores, aggregates and mediates micro-CDRs received from mobile devices 100. In some embodiments, the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 also provides a settlement platform using the mediated micro-CDRs, as described herein. In some embodiments, another network element provides the settlement platform using aggregated and/or mediated micro-CDRs (e.g., central billing interface 127 and/or another network element/function).
In some embodiments, various techniques for partitioning of device groups are used for partitioning the mobile devices 100 (e.g., allocating a subset of mobile devices 100 for a distributor, an OEM, a MVNO, and/or another partner or entity). As shown in FIG. 17, a MVNO core network 210 includes a MVNO CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119, a MVNO billing interface 122, and a MVNO billing system 123 (and other network elements as shown in FIG. 17). In some embodiments, the MVNO CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 receives, stores, aggregates and mediates micro-CDRs received from mobile devices 100 (e.g., MVNO group partitioned devices).
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various other network architectures can be used for providing device group partitions and a settlement platform, and FIG. 17 is illustrative of just one such example network architecture for which device group partitions and settlement platform techniques described herein can be provided.
In some embodiments, CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (e.g., service usage 119, including a billing aggregation data store and rules engine) is a functional descriptor for, in some embodiments, a device/network level service usage information collection, aggregation, mediation, and reporting function located in one or more of the networking equipment apparatus/systems attached to one or more of the sub-networks shown in FIG. 17 (e.g., central provider access network 109 and/or central provider core network 110), which is in communication with the service controller 122 and a central billing interface 127. As shown in FIG. 17, service usage 119 provides a function in communication with the central provider core network 110. In some embodiments, the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 function is located elsewhere in the network or partially located in elsewhere or integrated with/as part of other network elements. In some embodiments, CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 functionality is located or partially located in the AAA server 121 and/or the mobile wireless center/Home Location Register (HLR) 132 (as shown, in communication with a DNS/DHCP server 126). In some embodiments, service usage 119 functionality is located or partially located in the base station, base station controller and/or base station aggregator, collectively referred to as base station 125 in FIG. 17. In some embodiments, CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 functionality is located or partially located in a networking component in the central provider access network 109, a networking component in the core network 110, the central billing system 123, the central billing interface 127, and/or in another network component or function. This discussion on the possible locations for the network based and device based service usage information collection, aggregation, mediation, and reporting function (e.g., CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119) can be easily generalized as described herein and as shown in the other figures and embodiments described herein by one of ordinary skill in the art. Also, as shown in FIG. 17, the service controller 122 is in communication with the central billing interface 127 (e.g., sometimes referred to as the external billing management interface or billing communication interface), which is in communication with the central billing system 123. As shown in FIG. 17, an order management 180 and subscriber management 182 are also in communication with the central provider core network 110 for facilitating order and subscriber management of services for the devices 100 in accordance with some embodiments.
In some embodiments, a service processor download 170 is provided, which provides for periodical downloads/updates of service processors (e.g., service processor 115). In some embodiments, verification techniques include periodically updating, replacing, and/or updating an obfuscated version of the service processor, or performing any of these techniques in response to an indication of a potential compromise or tampering of any service processor functionality (e.g., QoS functionality and/or network capacity controlled services functionality) executed on or implemented on the device 100.
In some embodiments, the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (and/or other network elements or combinations of network elements) provides a device/network level service usage information collection, aggregation, mediation, and reporting function. In some embodiments, the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (and/or other network elements or combinations of network elements) collects device generated/assisted service usage information (e.g., micro-CDRs) for one or more devices on the wireless network (e.g., devices 100); and provides the device generated service usage information in a syntax and a communication protocol that can be used by the wireless network to augment or replace network generated usage information for the one or more devices on the wireless network. In some embodiments, the syntax is a charging data record (CDR), and the communication protocol is selected from one or more of the following: 3GPP, 3GPP2, or other communication protocols. In some embodiments, as described herein, the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 collects/receives micro-CDRs for one or more devices on the wireless network (e.g., devices 100). In some embodiments, the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (e.g., or other network elements and/or various combinations of network elements) includes a service usage data store (e.g., a billing aggregator) and a rules engine for aggregating the collected device generated service usage information. In some embodiments, the network device is a CDR feed aggregator, and the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (and/or other network elements or combinations of network elements) also aggregates (network based) CDRs and/or micro-CDRs for the one or more devices on the wireless network; applies a set of rules to the aggregated CDRs and/or micro-CDRs using a rules engine (e.g., bill by account, transactional billing, revenue sharing model, and/or any other billing or other rules for service usage information collection, aggregation, mediation, and reporting), and communicates a new set of CDRs for the one or more devices on the wireless network to a billing interface or a billing system (e.g., providing a CDR with a billing offset by account/service). In some embodiments, a revenue sharing platform is provided using various techniques described herein. In some embodiments, QoS usage accounting/charging and/or network capacity controlled services usage accounting/charging is provided using various techniques described herein.
In some embodiments, the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (and/or other network elements or combinations of network elements) communicates a new set of CDRs (e.g., aggregated and mediated CDRs and/or micro-CDRs that are then translated into standard CDRs for a given wireless network) for the one or more devices on the wireless network to a billing interface (e.g., central billing interface 127) or a billing system (e.g., central billing system 123). In some embodiments, the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (and/or other network elements or combinations of network elements) communicates with a service controller (e.g., service controller 122) to collect the device generated service usage information (e.g., micro-CDRs) for the one or more devices on the wireless network. In some embodiments, the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (and/or other network elements or combinations of network elements) communicates with a service controller, in which the service controller is in communication with a billing interface or a billing system. In some embodiments, the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (and/or other network elements or combinations of network elements) communicates the device generated service usage information to a billing interface or a billing system. In some embodiments, the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (and/or other network elements or combinations of network elements) communicates with a transport gateway and/or a Radio Access Network (RAN) gateway to collect the network generated/based service usage information for the one or more devices on the wireless network. In some embodiments, the service controller 122 communicates the device assisted service usage information (e.g., micro-CDRs) to the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (e.g., or other network elements and/or various combinations of network elements).
In some embodiments, the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (e.g., or other network elements and/or various combinations of network elements) performs rules for performing a bill by account aggregation and mediation function. In some embodiments, the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (and/or other network elements or combinations of network elements) performs rules for performing a service billing function, as described herein, and/or for performing a service/transactional revenue sharing function, as described herein. In some embodiments, the service controller 122 in communication with the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (and/or other network elements or combinations of network elements) performs a rules engine for aggregating and mediating the device assisted service usage information (e.g., micro-CDRs). In some embodiments, a rules engine device in communication with the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (e.g., or other network elements and/or various combinations of network elements) performs a rules engine for aggregating and mediating the device assisted service usage information (e.g., QOS service usage information and/or network capacity controlled services usage information).
In some embodiments, the rules engine is included in (e.g., integrated with/part of) the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119. In some embodiments, the rules engine and associated functions, as described herein, is a separate function/device. In some embodiments, the service controller 122 performs some or all of these rules engine based functions, as described herein, and communicates with the central billing interface 127. In some embodiments, the service controller 122 performs some or all of these rules engine based functions, as described herein, and communicates with the central billing system 123.
In some embodiments, a settlement platform service is provided. For example, micro-CDRs can be aggregated and mediated to associate service usage for one or more services used by a communications device (e.g., a user of the communications device). A rules engine or another function can determine a revenue share allocation for the service usage for a particular service to determine the settlement for such service usage for the revenue sharing allocation/model and to distribute accounting and settlement information to one or more of carriers, distribution partners, MVNOs, wholesale partners, and/or other partners or entities. In some embodiments, the service is a transactional service.
In some embodiments, duplicate CDRs are sent from the network equipment to the billing system 123 that is used for generating service billing. In some embodiments, duplicate CDRs are filtered to send only those CDRs/records for devices controlled by the service controller and/or service processor (e.g., managed devices). For example, this approach can provide for the same level of reporting, lower level of reporting, and/or higher level of reporting as compared to the reporting required by the central billing system 123.
In some embodiments, a bill-by-account billing offset is provided. For example, bill-by-account billing offset information can be informed to the central billing system 123 by providing a CDR aggregator feed that aggregates the device assisted service usage data feed to provide a new set of CDRs for the managed devices to the central billing interface 127 and/or the central billing system 123. In some embodiments, transaction billing is provided using similar techniques. For example, transaction billing log information can be provided to the central billing interface 127 and/or the central billing system 123.
In some embodiments, the rules engine (e.g., performed by the service usage 119 or another network element, as described herein) provides a bill-by-account billing offset. For example, device assisted service usage information (e.g., micro-CDRs) includes a transaction type field or transaction code (e.g., indicating a type of service for the associated service usage information). For example, the rules engine can apply a rule or a set of rules based on the identified service associated with the device generated service usage information to determine a bill-by-account billing offset (e.g., a new CDR can be generated to provide the determined bill-by-account billing offset). In some examples, the determined bill-by-account billing offset can be provided as a credit to the user's service usage account (e.g., a new CDR can be generated with a negative offset for the user's service usage account, such as for network chatter service usage, or transactional service usage, or for any other purposes based on one or more rules performed by the rules engine).
As another example, for a transactional service, a first new CDR can be generated with a negative offset for the user's service usage account for that transactional service related usage, and a second new CDR can be generated with a positive service usage value to charge that same service usage to the transactional service provider (e.g., Amazon, eBay, or another transactional service provider). In some embodiments, the service controller 122 generates these two new CDRs, and the service usage 119 stores, aggregates, and communicates these two new CDRs to the central billing interface 127. In some embodiments, the service controller 122 generates these two new CDRs, and the service usage 119 stores, aggregates, and communicates these two new CDRs to the central billing interface 127, in which the central billing interface 127 applies rules (e.g., performs the rules engine for determining the bill-by-account billing offset).
In some embodiments, the service controller 122 sends the device generated CDRs to the rules engine (e.g., a service usage data store and rules engine, such as CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119), and the rules engine applies one or more rules, such as those described herein and/or any other billing/service usage related rules as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. In some embodiments, the service controller 122 generates CDRs similar to other network elements, and the rules (e.g., bill-by-account) are performed in the central billing interface 127. For example, for the service controller 122 to generate CDRs similar to other network elements, in some embodiments, the service controller 122 is provisioned on the wireless network (e.g., by network provision system 160) and behaves substantially similar to other CDR generators on the network).
In some embodiments, the service controller 122 is provisioned as a new type of networking function that is recognized as a valid, authorized, and secure source for CDRs by the other necessary elements in the network (e.g., CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119). In some embodiments, if the necessary network apparatus only recognize CDRs from certain types of networking equipment (e.g., a RAN gateway or transport gateway), then the service controller 122 provides authentication credentials to the other networking equipment that indicate that it is one of the approved types of equipment for providing CDRs. In some embodiments, the link between the service controller 122 and the necessary CDR aggregation and mediation equipment is secured, authenticated, encrypted, and/or signed.
In some embodiments, the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 discards the network based service usage information (e.g., network based CDRs) received from one or more network elements. In these embodiments, the service controller 122 provides the device assisted service usage information (e.g., device based CDRs or micro-CDRs) to the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 (e.g., the CDR storage, aggregation, mediation, feed 119 can just provide a store, aggregate, and communication function(s), as it is not required to mediate network based CDRs and device assisted CDRs), and the device based service usage information is provided to the central billing interface 127 or the central billing system 123.
In some embodiments, the device based CDRs (e.g., micro-CDRs) and/or new CDRs generated based on execution of a rules engine as described herein are provided only for devices that are managed and/or based on device group, service plan, or any other criteria, categorization, and/or grouping, such as based on ambient service or ambient service provider or transactional service or transactional service provider.
In some embodiments, QoS for DAS includes a service processor (e.g., any device assisted element/function) that facilitates coordination for and/or provisions wireless access/radio access bearers (e.g., RABs). In some embodiments, the service processor determines whether a request for QoS is authorized (e.g., according to QoS service level, user standing, available local network capacity (e.g., as reported by other device(s) and/or network)). In some embodiments, device QoS capacity demand reports provide and/or augment network capacity demand reports.
In some embodiments, QoS for DAS includes a service controller (e.g., any network device based service control element/function) that facilitates coordination for and/or provisions wireless access/radio access bearers (e.g., RABs) on a device (e.g., a communications device, such as a mobile wireless communications device and/or an intermediate networking device), on network, and/or on device plus network. In some embodiments, the service controller provides device QoS capacity demand reports to other network equipment/elements/functions, and then also provisions the RAB channel based on various criteria and determinations.
In some embodiments, QoS for DAS provides for device assisted monitoring, information, and/or functionality to facilitate QoS without and/or to assist network based monitoring, information, and/or functionality (e.g., Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) and/or provides such monitoring, information, and/or functionality that may not be available via network based monitoring, information, and/or functionality (e.g., encrypted activities on the device may not be accessible by DPI or other network based techniques). For example, QoS for DAS can assist in the QoS setup to facilitate the QoS setup and provide such information that may not otherwise be available using network based only techniques. For example, device assisted activity and/or service monitoring techniques can assist in classifying the QoS for the monitored activity and/or service using, for example, a QoS activity map (e.g., as described herein or other similar techniques). For example, using such device assisted techniques eliminates and/or minimizes DPI or other network based techniques that can give rise to privacy concerns/issues, network neutrality concerns/issues, and/or otherwise may not be able to provide similar or equivalent granular service/activity monitoring, as discussed above, and/or also off loads such processing from the network (e.g., network elements/devices/functionality) to the communications devices (e.g., at least for such communications devices that can perform such functions, based on their processing and/or memory capabilities, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art). In some embodiments, QoS for DAS includes the service provider for providing an initial authorization/clearance for a QoS request (e.g., using various techniques described herein), and the service controller determines if the QoS request should be authorized (e.g., based on various QoS authorization/clearance/approval criteria (e.g., QoS activity maps and/or QoS request rule) and/or network capacity, as described herein). In some embodiments, QoS for DAS includes the service provider for providing a QoS request including a QoS class to the service controller, and the service controller determines if the QoS request should be authorized, as described herein. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity provides for device assisted monitoring, information, and/or functionality to facilitate protecting network capacity without and/or to assist network based monitoring, information, and/or functionality (e.g., Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) and/or provides such monitoring, information, and/or functionality that may not be available via network based monitoring, information, and/or functionality (e.g., encrypted activities on the device may not be accessible by DPI or other network based techniques). In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity provides for device assisted monitoring, information, and/or functionality to facilitate protecting network capacity without solely relying upon DPI and/or without any use or any significant use of DPI wireless network, which conserves network resources and network capacity by controlling device network access behavior at the device instead of deep in the core network at a DPI gateway (e.g., DPI based techniques consume over the air wireless network capacity even if chatty device behavior is blocked at a DPI gateway; in contrast, DAS for protecting network capacity techniques that do not use DPI based techniques for controlling device service usage can, for example, provide a device based usage notification and service selection UI that does not consume over the air wireless network capacity).
In some embodiments, QoS for DAS and/or DAS for protecting network capacity includes providing or facilitating reports for base station (BTS) for network capacity (e.g., sector, channel, busy state information or network capacity usage/availability, and/or network capacity expected demand) based on, for example, one or more of the following: monitored application usage on the communications device, monitored user activity on the communications device, location of the communications, other available networks, and/or other monitored or determined activity, service usage measure, and/or metric. In some embodiments, at or after execution of an application that is determined to require network service usage (e.g., may require increased wireless network bandwidth, such as based on a service usage activity map), QoS for DAS sends information to the network (e.g., a network controller or other network device element/function) that capacity demand is forthcoming for the communications device (e.g., potentially initiating a provisioning of a QoS radio access bearer (RAB) or other type of RAB).
In some embodiments, network capacity (e.g., busy state information) is collected from one or more communications devices in communication with a wireless network (e.g., network capacity/usage information measured from each respective communications device's perspective is determined and stored by the service processor on each respective communications device) and reported to the service controller, and the service controller (e.g., or another network element/function) uses this information to determine what resources are available for allocation to various levels of QoS (e.g., to respond to/facilitate various QoS requests) and/or to workload balance across multiple base stations and/or networks (e.g., wired networks, cellular, Wi-Fi, and/or other wireless networks).
In some embodiments, the service processor executed on the communications device sends a QoS request (e.g., a wireless network bearer channel reservation request or Radio Access Bearer (RAB) request) to the service controller. The service controller verifies the request using various verification techniques as described herein. In some embodiments, the service controller facilitates coordination of various device QoS requests with one or more base stations (BTSs) in communication with the communications device to provide for the requested QoS reservation to facilitate the new QoS session. In some embodiments, the service controller provides a QoS routing function by, for example, providing various QoS routing instructions to a device service processor (e.g., aggregating, prioritizing, queuing, authorizing, allocating reservations/RABs, denying, re-routing (such as to other BTSs and/or other networks) and/or otherwise managing QoS requests), in which the BTS may or may not be QoS aware. For example, QoS priority can be based on activity (e.g., service usage and/or application), service level, user standing, network capacity, time of day, and/or QoS priority can be purchased on a transaction basis, a session basis, a pre-pay basis or a plan basis. As another example, QoS priority can also vary by device type, user within a group, group, application type, content type, or any other criteria or measure and/or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the service controller also facilitates coordination of various device QoS requests with other network elements/functions for QoS implementation and management to provide for an end to end QoS solution.
In some embodiments, QoS can be symmetric for two mobile devices or asymmetric. In some embodiments, QoS resource availability can be from communications devices, BTS(s), other network functions (e.g., service control, service controller and/or any other network elements/functions) or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the service controller provides QoS demand information to another network element/function. In some embodiments, the service controller provides the central aggregator and policy decision point (PDP). In some embodiments, the service controller controls (e.g., at least in part) QoS related functions for communications devices, BTS(s), and/or a combination of both.
In some embodiments, charging (e.g., monitoring and/or determining associating charging or billing) for QoS service usage/transactions and/or network capacity controlled services usage/transactions is determined using various techniques described herein. For example, the service processor can assist in charging for QoS and/or network capacity controlled activities. In some embodiments, the service processor uses device assisted Charging Data Records (CDRs) or micro-CDRs to assist in charging for QoS and/or network capacity controlled activities (e.g., using QoS class related transaction codes and/or network capacity controlled related transaction codes), as described herein with respect to various embodiments. In some embodiments, charging for QoS and/or network capacity controlled services is performed in whole or in part by one or more network elements/functions (e.g., service controller, SGSN/GGSN/other gateways, and/or billing interfaces/servers).
In some embodiments, service usage information includes network based service usage information. In some embodiments, the network based service usage information includes network based CDRs. In some embodiments, service usage information includes device based service usage information. In some embodiments, device based service usage information includes device assisted CDRs, also referred to herein as micro-CDRs, as described herein. In some embodiments, micro-CDRs are used for CDR mediation or reconciliation that provides for service usage accounting on any device activity that is desired (e.g., providing granular service usage information, such as based on application layer service usage monitoring, transaction service usage monitoring, QoS activities/sessions/transactions, network capacity controlled activities/sessions/transactions, and/or other types of service usage information). In some embodiments, each device includes a service processor (e.g., a service processor executed on a processor of a communications device, such as a mobile device or an intermediate networking device that can communicate with a wireless network).
In some embodiments, each device activity that is desired to be associated with a billing event (e.g., for a QoS related billing event) is assigned a micro-CDR transaction code, and the service processor is programmed to account for that activity associated with that transaction code (e.g., various transaction codes can be associated with service usage associated with certain services, applications, and/or based on QoS classes or priorities, respectively, which can be used for providing granular service usage for these various Internet/network based services/sites/transactions and/or any other Internet/network based services/sites, which can include transactional based services). For example, using these techniques, as described herein, essentially any type of device activity (e.g., including QoS classes and prioritization and/or network capacity controlled classes and prioritization) can be individually accounted for and/or controlled (e.g., throttled, restricted, and/or otherwise controlled as desired). In some embodiments, the service processor periodically reports (e.g., during each heartbeat or based on any other periodic, push, and/or pull communication technique(s)) micro-CDR usage measures to, for example, a service controller or some other network element/function. In some embodiments, the service controller reformats the heartbeat micro-CDR usage information into a valid CDR format (e.g., a CDR format that is used and can be processed by an SGSN or GGSN or some other authorized network element/function for CDRs) and then transmits the reformatted micro-CDRs to a network element/function for performing CDR mediation.
In some embodiments, CDR mediation is used to properly account for the micro-CDR service usage information by depositing it into an appropriate service usage account and deducting it from the user device bulk service usage account. For example, this technique provides for a flexible service usage billing solution that uses pre-existing solutions for CDR mediation and billing. For example, the billing system can process the mediated CDR feed from CDR mediation, apply the appropriate account billing codes to the aggregated micro-CDR information that was generated by the device, and then generate billing events in a manner that does not require changes to existing billing systems, infrastructures, and techniques (e.g., using new transaction codes to label the new device assisted billing capabilities).
In some embodiments, the various QoS techniques performed on or by the communications device (e.g., using a service processor to provide or assist in providing QoS session provisioning, QoS policy management, QoS policy enforcement, and/or QoS accounting/charging, such as QoS charging records and reports) are verified (e.g., using various verification techniques described herein). In some embodiments, the various network capacity controlled services techniques performed on or by the communications device (e.g., using a service processor to provide or assist in providing network capacity controlled services policy management, network capacity controlled services policy enforcement, and/or network capacity controlled services charging, such as network capacity controlled services charging records and reports) are verified (e.g., using various verification techniques described herein).
For example, a QoS request, QoS related policy rules (e.g., QoS activity map, QoS related service plan and/or service policy settings) and implementation, QoS policy enforcement, and QoS charging are verified (e.g., periodically, per transaction, and/or based on some other criteria/metric). In some embodiments, verification techniques include one or more of the following: compare a network based service usage measure with a first service policy associated with the communications device, compare a device assisted service usage measure with the first service policy, compare the network based service usage measure to the device assisted service usage measure, perform a test and confirm a device assisted service usage measure based on the test, perform a User Interface (UI) notification (e.g., which can include a user authentication, password, question/answer challenge, and/or other authentication technique), and/or other similar verification techniques as will now be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Accordingly, in some embodiments, QoS for DAS “closes the loop” for verification of various QoS related techniques, such as QoS requests, QoS grants, QoS usage, and/or QoS charging. In some embodiments, the service processor and the service controller serve as a verifiable QoS management/coordination system for other QoS elements/functions in network. In some embodiments, if such or other verification techniques determine or assist in determining that a QoS request, QoS report, and/or QoS policy behavior (e.g., or similarly, network capacity controlled services monitoring, reporting, and/or policy behavior) does not match expected requests, reports, and/or policy, then responsive actions can be performed, for example, the communications device (e.g., and/or suspect services) can be suspended, quarantined, killed/terminated, and/or flagged for further analysis/scrutiny to determine whether the device is malfunctioning, needs updating, has been tampered with or compromised, is infected with malware, and/or if any other problem exists.
In some embodiments, the communications device (e.g., the service processor) maintains a QoS flow table that associates or maps device activity to QoS level/class to RAB/QoS channel, and in some embodiments, the communications device also informs a QoS management network function/element of the relative priority of the QoS flows for the communications device (e.g., based on or using the QoS flow table). In some embodiments, the service controller receives or collects information from the communications device and maintains such a QoS flow table for the communications device and, in some embodiments, the service controller also informs a QoS management network function/element of the relative priority of the QoS flows for the communications device (e.g., based on or using the QoS flow table). In some embodiments, flows can be assigned to activities originating at the communications device in a transparent way, or simply by activity class or user preference, or using other techniques.
In some embodiments, the communications device maintains a table of QoS billing rates, scheduled transmission times, and/other QoS related information to implement an overlay MAC at the data networking level to manage QoS on legacy networks that are not QoS MAC enabled and/or do not have the various functionality to support QoS controls (e.g., and such techniques can also be used to provide for QoS functionality across different networks). In some embodiments, QoS related policies are exchanged between roaming and home service controllers to facilitate QoS support while roaming on a non-home network(s).
In some embodiments, the communications device serves as a network capacity indicator (e.g., collecting network capacity information for a local cell and communicating or reporting that network capacity information to the service controller). For example, permanent local cell communications devices can be placed in local cell areas to augment legacy equipment for such network capacity indicator/reporting functions. Various other techniques for determining network capacity and/or network availability are described herein.
In some embodiments, service partners and/or service providers can subsidize in whole or in part to upgrade a given user or group of users to better QoS related service level agreement (SLA)/class for a preferred destination. In some embodiments, based on monitored service usage and/or other monitored behavior of the communications device, such subsidized QoS upgrade/offers can be presented to a user of the communications device (e.g., as an incentive/reward for desired or preferred user behavior or for other reasons). Similarly, in some embodiments, these techniques are also applied to network capacity controlled services.
In some embodiments, QoS charging is based on QoS channel/reservation, service flow, or RAB charging (e.g., single flow per RAB, multi-flow per RAB, multi-RAB per flow). In some embodiments, charging (e.g., for QoS and/or for network capacity controlled services) is based on one or more of the following: network busy state, time criteria, user service class request, traffic volume and class, time and class, network capacity (e.g., network busy state) and class, time of day and class, location, traffic type, application type, application class, destination, destination type, partner service, and/or other criteria/measures. In some embodiments, QoS charging is verified using the various verification techniques described herein (e.g., test charging events). In some embodiments, network capacity controlled services charging is verified using the various verification techniques described herein (e.g., test charging events). In some embodiments, QoS charging is by data usage (e.g., by Megabyte (MB)), service flow by time by QoS class, speed by time, network busy state, time of day/day of week, service plan, current network, and/or other criteria/measures. In some embodiments, network capacity controlled services charging is by data usage (e.g., by Megabyte (MB)), service flow by time by network capacity controlled services class, speed by time, network busy state, time of day/day of week, service plan, current network, and/or other criteria/measures.
In some embodiments, QoS for DAS includes coordinating functions with one or more of the following: DAS elements/functions, Radio Access Network (RAN), Transport network, Core network, GRX network, IPX network, and/or other networks/elements/functions.
FIG. 18 illustrates another functional diagram of another network architecture for providing quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) and/or for providing DAS for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, QoS for DAS techniques described herein are implemented using the network architecture shown in FIG. 18. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity techniques described herein are implemented using the network architecture shown in FIG. 18.
As shown, FIG. 18 includes various devices 100 including service processors 115. For example, devices 100 can include various types of mobile devices, such as phones, PDAs, computing devices, laptops, net books, tablets, cameras, music/media players, GPS devices, networked appliances, and any other networked device; and/or devices 100 can include various types of intermediate networking devices, as described herein. The devices 100 are in communication with service control 250 and central provider access and core networks 220. Service policies and accounting functions 165 are also provided in communication with the central provider access and core networks 220. For example, devices 100 can communicate via the central provider access and core networks 220 to the Internet 120 for access to various Internet sites/services 240 (e.g., Google sites/services, Yahoo sites/services, Blackberry services, Apple iTunes and AppStore, Amazon.com, FaceBook, and/or any other Internet service or other network facilitated service).
In some embodiments, FIG. 18 provides a wireless network architecture that supports various DAS for protecting network capacity techniques as described herein. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various other network architectures can be used for providing various DAS for protecting network capacity techniques as described herein, and FIG. 18 is illustrative of just another such example network architecture for which DAS for protecting network capacity techniques as described herein can be provided.
FIG. 19 illustrates another functional diagram of an architecture 300 including a device based service processor 115 and a service controller 122 for providing quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) and/or for providing DAS for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, QoS for DAS techniques described herein are implemented using the functions/elements shown in FIG. 19. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity techniques described herein are implemented using the functions/elements shown in FIG. 19.
For example, the architecture 300 provides a relatively full featured device based service processor implementation and service controller implementation. As shown, this corresponds to a networking configuration in which the service controller 122 is connected to the Internet 120 and not directly to the access network 1610. As shown, a data plane (e.g., service traffic plane) communication path is shown in solid line connections and control plane (e.g., service control plane) communication path is shown in dashed line connections. As will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, the division in functionality between one device agent and another is based on, for example, design choices, networking environments, devices and/or services/applications, and various different combinations can be used in various different implementations. For example, the functional lines can be re-drawn in any way that the product designers see fit. As shown, this includes certain divisions and functional breakouts for device agents as an illustrative implementation, although other, potentially more complex, embodiments can include different divisions and functional breakouts for device agent functionality specifications, for example, in order to manage development specification and testing complexity and workflow. In addition, the placement of the agents that operate, interact with or monitor the data path can be moved or re-ordered in various embodiments. For example, the functional elements shown in FIG. 19 are described below with respect to, for example, FIGS. 4, 12, and 13 as well as FIGS. 5 through 11 (e.g., QoS for DAS related embodiments) and FIGS. 14 through 23 (e.g., DAS for protecting network capacity related embodiments).
As shown in FIG. 19, service processor 115 includes a service control device link 1691. For example, as device based service control techniques involving supervision across a network become more sophisticated, it becomes increasingly important to have an efficient and flexible control plane communication link between the device agents and the network elements communicating with, controlling, monitoring, or verifying service policy. In some embodiments, the service control device link 1691 provides the device side of a system for transmission and reception of service agent to/from network element functions. In some embodiments, the traffic efficiency of this link is enhanced by buffering and framing multiple agent messages in the transmissions. In some embodiments, the traffic efficiency is further improved by controlling the transmission frequency or linking the transmission frequency to the rate of service usage or traffic usage. In some embodiments, one or more levels of security or encryption are used to make the link robust to discovery, eavesdropping or compromise. In some embodiments, the service control device link 1691 also provides the communications link and heartbeat timing for the agent heartbeat function. As discussed below, various embodiments disclosed herein for the service control device link 1691 provide an efficient and secure solution for transmitting and receiving service policy implementation, control, monitoring and verification information with other network elements.
As shown in FIG. 19, the service controller 122 includes a service control server link 1638. In some embodiments, device based service control techniques involving supervision across a network (e.g., on the control plane) are more sophisticated, and for such it is increasingly important to have an efficient and flexible control plane communication link between the device agents (e.g., of the service processor 115) and the network elements (e.g., of the service controller 122) communicating with, controlling, monitoring, or verifying service policy. For example, the communication link between the service control server link 1638 of service controller 122 and the service control device link 1691 of the service processor 115 can provide an efficient and flexible control plane communication link, a service control link 1653 as shown in FIG. 19, and, in some embodiments, this control plane communication link provides for a secure (e.g., encrypted) communications link for providing secure, bidirectional communications between the service processor 115 and the service controller 122. In some embodiments, the service control server link 1638 provides the network side of a system for transmission and reception of service agent to/from network element functions. In some embodiments, the traffic efficiency of this link is enhanced by buffering and framing multiple agent messages in the transmissions (e.g., thereby reducing network chatter). In some embodiments, the traffic efficiency is further improved by controlling the transmission frequency and/or linking the transmission frequency to the rate of service usage or traffic usage. In some embodiments, one or more levels of security and/or encryption are used to secure the link against potential discovery, eavesdropping or compromise of communications on the link. In some embodiments, the service control server link 1638 also provides the communications link and heartbeat timing for the agent heartbeat function.
In some embodiments, the service control server link 1638 provides for securing, signing, encrypting and/or otherwise protecting the communications before sending such communications over the service control link 1653. For example, the service control server link 1638 can send to the transport layer or directly to the link layer for transmission. In another example, the service control server link 1638 further secures the communications with transport layer encryption, such as TCP TLS or another secure transport layer protocol. As another example, the service control server link 1638 can encrypt at the link layer, such as using IPSEC, various possible VPN services, other forms of IP layer encryption and/or another link layer encryption technique.
As shown in FIG. 19, the service controller 122 includes an access control integrity server 1654 (e.g., service policy security server). In some embodiments, the access control integrity server 1654 collects device information on service policy, service usage, agent configuration, and/or agent behavior. For example, the access control integrity server 1654 can cross check this information to identify integrity breaches in the service policy implementation and control system. In another example, the access control integrity server 1654 can initiate action when a service policy violation (e.g., QoS policy violation and/or a network capacity controlled services policy violation) or a system integrity breach is suspected.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity server 1654 (and/or some other agent of service controller 122) acts on access control integrity agent 1694 (e.g., service policy security agent) reports and error conditions. Many of the access control integrity agent 1654 checks can be accomplished by the server. For example, the access control integrity agent 1654 checks include one or more of the following: service usage measure against usage range consistent with policies (e.g., usage measure from the network and/or from the device); configuration of agents; operation of the agents; and/or dynamic agent download.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity server 1654 (and/or some other agent of service controller 122) verifies device service policy implementations by comparing various service usage measures (e.g., based on network monitored information, such as by using IPDRs or CDRs, and/or local service usage monitoring information) against expected service usage behavior given the policies that are intended to be in place (e.g., a QoS policy and/or a network capacity controlled services policy). For example, device service policy implementations can include measuring total QoS data passed, QoS data passed in a period of time, IP addresses, data per IP address, and/or other measures such as location, downloads, email accessed, URLs, and comparing such measures expected service usage behavior given the policies that are intended to be in place.
In some embodiments, the access control integrity server 1654 (e.g., and/or some other agent of service controller 122) verifies device service policy, and the verification error conditions that can indicate a mismatch in QoS service measure and QoS service policy include one or more of the following: unauthorized network access (e.g., access beyond ambient service policy limits); unauthorized network speed (e.g., average speed beyond service policy limit); network data amount does not match QoS policy limit (e.g., device not stop at limit without re-up/revising service policy); unauthorized network address; unauthorized service usage (e.g., VOIP, email, and/or web browsing); unauthorized application usage (e.g., email, VOIP, email, and/or web); service usage rate too high for plan, and policy controller not controlling/throttling it down; and/or any other mismatch in service measure and service policy. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the access control integrity server 1654 (and/or some other agent of service controller 122) provides a policy/service control integrity service to continually (e.g., periodically and/or based on trigger events) verify that the service control of the device has not been compromised and/or is not behaving out of policy (e.g., a QoS policy and/or a network capacity controlled services policy).
As shown in FIG. 19, service controller 122 includes a service history server 1650 (e.g., charging server). In some embodiments, the service history server 1650 collects and records service usage or service activity reports from the Access Network AAA Server 121 and the Service Monitor Agent 1696. For example, although service usage history from the network elements can in certain embodiments be less detailed than service history from the device, the service history from the network can provide a valuable source for verification of device service policy implementation, because, for example, it is extremely difficult for a device error or compromise event on the device to compromise the network based equipment and software. For example, service history reports from the device can include various service tracking information, as similarly described above. In some embodiments, the service history server 1650 provides the service history on request to other servers and/or one or more agents. In some embodiments, the service history server 1650 provides the service usage history to the device service history 1618 (e.g., CDR feed and CDR mediation). In some embodiments, for purposes of facilitating the activation tracking service functions (described below), the service history server 1650 maintains a history of which networks the device has connected to. For example, this network activity summary can include a summary of the networks accessed, activity versus time per connection, and/or traffic versus time per connection. As another example, this activity summary can further be analyzed or reported to estimate the type of service plan associated with the traffic activity for the purpose of bill sharing reconciliation.
As shown in FIG. 19, service controller 122 includes a policy management server 1652 (e.g., policy decision point (PDP) server) for managing service usage policies, such as QoS policies and/or a network capacity controlled services policies. In some embodiments, the policy management server 1652 transmits policies to the service processor 115 via the service control link 1653. In some embodiments, the policy management server 1652 manages policy settings on the device (e.g., various policy settings as described herein with respect to various embodiments) in accordance with a device service profile. In some embodiments, the policy management server 1652 sets instantaneous policies on policy implementation agents (e.g., policy implementation agent 1690). For example, the policy management server 1652 can issue policy settings, monitor service usage and, if necessary, modify policy settings. For example, in the case of a user who prefers for the network to manage their service usage costs, or in the case of any adaptive policy management needs, the policy management server 1652 can maintain a relatively high frequency of communication with the device to collect traffic and/or service measures and issue new policy settings. In this example, device monitored service measures and any user service policy preference changes are reported, periodically and/or based on various triggers/events/requests, to the policy management server 1652. In this example, user privacy settings generally require secure communication with the network (e.g., a secure service control link 1653), such as with the policy management server 1652, to ensure that various aspects of user privacy are properly maintained during such configuration requests/policy settings transmitted over the network. For example, information can be compartmentalized to service policy management and not communicated to other databases used for CRM for maintaining user privacy.
In some embodiments, the policy management server 1652 provides adaptive policy management on the device. For example, the policy management server 1652 can issue policy settings and objectives and rely on the device based policy management (e.g., service processor 115) for some or all of the policy adaptation. This approach can require less interaction with the device thereby reducing network chatter on the service control link 1653 for purposes of device policy management (e.g., network chatter is reduced relative to various server/network based policy management approaches described above). This approach can also provide robust user privacy embodiments by allowing the user to configure the device policy for user privacy preferences/settings so that, for example, sensitive information (e.g., geo-location data, website history, and/or other sensitive information) is not communicated to the network without the user's approval. In some embodiments, the policy management server 1652 adjusts service policy based on time of day. In some embodiments, the policy management server 1652 receives, requests, and/or otherwise obtains a measure of network availability/capacity and adjusts traffic shaping policy and/or other policy settings based on available network availability/capacity (e.g., a network busy state).
As shown in FIG. 19, service controller 122 includes a network traffic analysis server 1656. In some embodiments, the network traffic analysis server 1656 collects/receives service usage history for devices and/or groups of devices and analyzes the service usage. In some embodiments, the network traffic analysis server 1656 presents service usage statistics in various formats to identify improvements in network service quality and/or service profitability. In some embodiments, the network traffic analysis server 1656 estimates the service quality and/or service usage for the network under variable settings on potential service policies. In some embodiments, the network traffic analysis server 1656 identifies actual or potential service behaviors by one or more devices that are causing problems for overall network service quality or service cost. In some embodiments, the network traffic analysis server 1656 estimates the network availability/capacity for the network under variable settings on potential service policies. In some embodiments, the network traffic analysis server 1656 identifies actual or potential service behaviors by one or more devices that are impacting and/or causing problems for overall network availability/capacity.
As shown in FIG. 19, Service Analysis, Test & Download 122B includes a beta test server 1658 (e.g., policy creation point and beta test server). In some embodiments, the beta test server 1658 publishes candidate service plan policy settings to one or more devices. In some embodiments, the beta test server 1658 provides summary reports of network service usage or user feedback information for one or more candidate service plan policy settings. In some embodiments, the beta test server 1658 provides a mechanism to compare the beta test results for different candidate service plan policy settings or select the optimum candidates for further policy settings optimization, such as for protecting network capacity.
As shown in FIG. 19, service controller 122 includes a service download control server 1660 (e.g., a service software download control server). In some embodiments, the service download control server 1660 provides a download function to install and/or update service software elements (e.g., the service processor 115 and/or agents/components of the service processor 115) on the device, as described herein.
As shown in FIG. 19 service controller 122 includes a billing event server 1662 (e.g., micro-CDR server). In some embodiments, the billing event server 1662 collects billing events, provides service plan information to the service processor 115, provides service usage updates to the service processor 115, serves as interface between device and central billing server 123, and/or provides trusted third party function for certain ecommerce billing transactions.
As shown in FIG. 19, the Access Network HLR AAA server 121 is in network communication with the access network 1610. In some embodiments, the Access Network AAA server 121 provides the necessary access network AAA services (e.g., access control and authorization functions for the device access layer) to allow the devices onto the central provider access network and the service provider network. In some embodiments, another layer of access control is required for the device to gain access to other networks, such as the Internet, a corporate network and/or a machine to machine network. This additional layer of access control can be implemented, for example, by the service processor 115 on the device. In some embodiments, the Access Network AAA server 121 also provides the ability to suspend service for a device and resume service for a device based on communications received from the service controller 122. In some embodiments, the Access Network AAA server 121 also provides the ability to direct routing for device traffic to a quarantine network or to restrict or limit network access when a device quarantine condition is invoked. In some embodiments, the Access Network AAA server 121 also records and reports device network service usage (e.g., device network service usage can be reported to the device service history 1618).
As shown in FIG. 19, the device service history 1618 is in network communication with the access network 1610. In some embodiments, the device service history 1618 provides service usage data records used for various purposes in various embodiments. In some embodiments, the device service history 1618 is used to assist in verifying service policy implementation. In some embodiments, the device service history 1618 is used to verify service monitoring. In some embodiments, the device service history 1618 is used to verify billing records and/or billing policy implementation (e.g., to verify service usage charging). In some embodiments, the device service history 1618 is used to synchronize and/or verify the local service usage counter (e.g., to verify service usage accounting).
As shown in FIG. 19, the central billing 123 (e.g., central provider billing server) is in network communication with the access network 1610. In some embodiments, the central provider billing server 123 provides a mediation function for central provider billing events. For example, the central provider billing server 123 can accept service plan changes. In some embodiments, the central provider billing server 123 provides updates on device service usage, service plan limits and/or service policies. In some embodiments, the central provider billing server 123 collects billing events, formulates bills, bills service users, provides certain billing event data and service plan information to the service controller 122 and/or device 100.
As shown in FIG. 19, in some embodiments, modem selection and control 1811 (e.g., in communication with connection manager 1804 as shown) selects the access network connection and is in communication with the modem firewall 1655, and modem drivers 1831, 1815, 1814, 1813, 1812 convert data traffic into modem bus traffic for one or more modems and are in communication with the modem selection and control 1811. In some embodiments, different profiles are selected based on the selected network connection (e.g., different service profiles/policies for WWAN, WLAN, WPAN, Ethernet and/or DSL network connections), which is also referred to herein as multimode profile setting. For example, service profile settings can be based on the actual access network (e.g., home DSL/cable or work network) behind the Wi-Fi not the fact that it is Wi-Fi (e.g., or any other network, such as DSL/cable, satellite, or T-1), which is viewed as different than accessing a Wi-Fi network at the coffee shop. For example, in a Wi-Fi hotspot situation in which there are a significant number of users on a DSL or T-1 backhaul, the service controller can sit in a service provider cloud or an MVNO cloud, the service controls can be provided by a VSP capability offered by the service provider or the service controller can be owned by the hotspot service provider that uses the service controller on their own without any association with an access network service provider. For example, the service processors can be controlled by the service controller to divide up the available bandwidth at the hotspot according to QoS or user sharing rules (e.g., with some users having higher differentiated priority (e.g., potentially for higher service payments) than other users). As another example, ambient services (e.g., as similarly described herein) can be provided for the hotspot for verified service processors.
In some embodiments, the service processor 115 and service controller 122 are capable of assigning multiple service profiles associated with multiple service plans that the user chooses individually or in combination as a package. For example, a device 100 starts with ambient services that include free transaction services wherein the user pays for transactions or events rather than the basic service (e.g., a news service, eReader, PND service, pay as you go session Internet) in which each service is supported with a bill by account capability to correctly account for any subsidized partner billing to provide the transaction services (e.g., Barnes and Noble may pay for the eReader service and offer a revenue share to the service provider for any book or magazine transactions purchased from the device 100). In some embodiments, the bill by account service can also track the transactions and, in some embodiments, advertisements for the purpose of revenue sharing, all using the service monitoring capabilities disclosed herein. After initiating services with the free ambient service discussed above, the user may later choose a post-pay monthly Internet, email, and SMS service. In this case, the service controller 122 would obtain from the billing system 123 in the case of network based billing (e.g., or the service controller 122 billing event server 1662 in the case of device based billing) the billing plan code for the new Internet, email and SMS service. In some embodiments, this code is cross referenced in a database (e.g., the policy management server 1652) to find the appropriate service profile for the new service in combination with the initial ambient service. The new superset service profile is then applied so that the user maintains free access to the ambient services, and the billing partners continue to subsidize those services, the user also gets access to Internet services and may choose the service control profile (e.g., from one of the embodiments disclosed herein). The superset profile is the profile that provides the combined capabilities of two or more service profiles when the profiles are applied to the same device 100 service processor. In some embodiments, the device 100 (service processor 115) can determine the superset profile rather than the service controller 122 when more than one “stackable” service is selected by the user or otherwise applied to the device. The flexibility of the service processor 115 and service controller 122 embodiments described herein allow for a large variety of service profiles to be defined and applied individually or as a superset to achieve the desired device 100 service features.
As shown in FIG. 19, an agent communication bus 1630 represents a functional description for providing communication for the various service processor 115 agents and functions. In some embodiments, as represented in the functional diagram illustrated in FIG. 19, the architecture of the bus is generally multipoint to multipoint so that any agent can communicate with any other agent, the service controller or in some cases other components of the device, such user interface 1697 and/or modem components. As described below, the architecture can also be point to point for certain agents or communication transactions, or point to multipoint within the agent framework so that all agent communication can be concentrated, or secured, or controlled, or restricted, or logged or reported. In some embodiments, the agent communication bus is secured, signed, encrypted, hidden, partitioned, and/or otherwise protected from unauthorized monitoring or usage. In some embodiments, an application interface agent (not shown) is used to literally tag or virtually tag application layer traffic so that the policy implementation agent(s) 1690 has the necessary information to implement selected traffic shaping solutions. In some embodiments, an application interface agent (not shown) is in communication with various applications, including a TCP application 1604, an IP application 1605, and a voice application 1602.
As shown in FIG. 19, service processor 115 includes an API and OS stack interface 1693. In some embodiments, the API and OS stack interface 1693 provides the QoS API functionality as similarly described herein with respect to various embodiments. In some embodiments, a QoS API is used to report back QoS availability to applications. In some embodiments, the API and OS stack interface 1693 provides the network capacity controlled API and/or emulated API functionality as similarly described herein with respect to various embodiments. As shown, service processor 115 also includes a router 1698 (e.g., a QoS router agent/function and/or a network capacity controlled services router agent/function) and a policy decision point (PDP) agent 1692. In some embodiments, the router 1698 provides QoS router functionality as similarly described herein with respect to various embodiments. In some embodiments, the router 1698 provides network capacity controlled services router functionality as similarly described herein with respect to various embodiments. In some embodiments, the QoS router supports multiple QoS channels (e.g., one or more provisioned/allocated QoS links forming a QoS channel between the device and the desired end point, such as an access point/BTS/gateway/network for a single ended QoS channel or other communication device for an end to end QoS channel, depending on the QoS connection/network support/availability/etc.). In some embodiments, the QoS router supports multiple QoS channels, which can each have different QoS classes/levels. In some embodiments, the QoS router routes application/service usage traffic to an appropriate QoS channel. In some embodiments, the QoS router determines the routing/mapping based on, for example, one or more of the following: a QoS API request, a QoS activity map, a user request, a service plan, a service profile, service policy settings, network capacity, service controller or other intermediate QoS network element/function/device, and/or any other criteria/measure, as similarly described herein with respect to various embodiments. In some embodiments, multiple different applications/services are routed to a particular QoS channel using various techniques described herein. In some embodiments, different applications/services are routed to different QoS channels using various techniques described herein. In some embodiments, the QoS router assists in managing and/or optimizing QoS usage for the communications device. In some embodiments, the QoS router assists in managing and/or optimizing QoS usage across multiple communications devices (e.g., based on network capacity for a given cell area/base station or other access point). In some embodiments, PDP agent 1692 provides the PDP agent functionality as similarly described herein with respect to various embodiments. As shown, architecture 300 also includes a suspend resume interface 320, network QoS provisioning interfaces 330 (e.g., for providing the various QoS techniques described herein), and an activation/suspend resume server 340 and billing interface server 350 in the service controller 122A.
In some embodiments, device assisted services (DAS) techniques for providing an activity map for classifying or categorizing service usage activities to associate various monitored activities (e.g., by URL, by network domain, by website, by network traffic type, by application or application type, and/or any other service usage activity categorization/classification) with associated IP addresses are provided. In some embodiments, a policy control agent (not shown), service monitor agent 1696 (e.g., charging agent), or another agent or function (or combinations thereof) of the service processor 115 provides a DAS activity map. In some embodiments, a policy control agent (not shown), service monitor agent, or another agent or function (or combinations thereof) of the service processor provides an activity map for classifying or categorizing service usage activities to associate various monitored activities (e.g., by Uniform Resource Locator (URL), by network domain, by website, by network traffic type, by socket (such as by IP address, protocol, and/or port), by socket id (such as port address/number), by port number, by content type, by application or application type, and/or any other service usage activity classification/categorization) with associated IP addresses and/or other criteria/measures. In some embodiments, a policy control agent, service monitor agent, or another agent or function (or combinations thereof) of the service processor determines the associated IP addresses for monitored service usage activities using various techniques to snoop the DNS request(s) (e.g., by performing such snooping techniques on the device 100 the associated IP addresses can be determined without the need for a network request for a reverse DNS lookup). In some embodiments, a policy control agent, service monitor agent, or another agent or function (or combinations thereof) of the service processor records and reports IP addresses or includes a DNS lookup function to report IP addresses or IP addresses and associated URLs for monitored service usage activities. For example, a policy control agent, service monitor agent, or another agent or function (or combinations thereof) of the service processor can determine the associated IP addresses for monitored service usage activities using various techniques to perform a DNS lookup function (e.g., using a local DNS cache on the monitored device 100). In some embodiments, one or more of these techniques are used to dynamically build and maintain a DAS activity map that maps, for example, URLs to IP addresses, applications to IP addresses, content types to IP addresses, and/or any other categorization/classification to IP addresses as applicable. In some embodiments, the DAS activity map is used for various DAS traffic control and/or throttling techniques as described herein with respect to various embodiments for providing QoS for DAS and/or for providing DAS for protecting network capacity. In some embodiments, the DAS activity map is used to provide the user various UI related information and notification techniques related to service usage as described herein with respect to various embodiments. In some embodiments, the DAS activity map is used to provide service usage monitoring, prediction/estimation of future service usage, service usage billing (e.g., bill by account and/or any other service usage/billing categorization techniques), DAS techniques for ambient services usage monitoring, DAS techniques for generating micro-CDRs, and/or any of the various other DAS related techniques as described herein with respect to various embodiments.
In some embodiments, all or a portion of the service processor 115 functions disclosed herein are implemented in software. In some embodiments, all or a portion of the service processor 115 functions are implemented in hardware. In some embodiments, all or substantially all of the service processor 115 functionality (e.g., as discussed herein) is implemented and stored in software that can be performed on (e.g., executed by) various components in device 100. In some embodiments, it is advantageous to store or implement certain portions or all of service processor 115 in protected or secure memory so that other undesired programs (e.g., and/or unauthorized users) have difficulty accessing the functions or software in service processor 115. In some embodiments, service processor 115, at least in part, is implemented in and/or stored on secure non-volatile memory (e.g., non volatile memory can be secure non-volatile memory) that is not accessible without pass keys and/or other security mechanisms (e.g., security credentials). In some embodiments, the ability to load at least a portion of service processor 115 software into protected non-volatile memory also requires a secure key and/or signature and/or requires that the service processor 115 software components being loaded into non-volatile memory are also securely encrypted and appropriately signed by an authority that is trusted by a secure software downloader function, such as service downloader 1663 as shown in FIG. 19. In some embodiments, a secure software download embodiment also uses a secure non-volatile memory. Those of ordinary skill in the art will also appreciate that all memory can be on-chip, off-chip, on-board, and/or off-board.
FIGS. 20A through 20C illustrates a functional diagram for providing quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, QoS for DAS techniques described herein are implemented using the network architecture shown in FIGS. 20A through 20C.
Referring to FIG. 20A, in some embodiments, QoS functionality is performed at the communications device 100 using service processor 115 as similarly described herein. For example, the service processor 115 determines whether or not a QoS request is authorized (e.g., based on the associated service plan and/or other criteria/measures). If the QoS request is authorized, then the service processor 115 communicates with the base station (BTS) 125 to send the QoS request (e.g., a RAB or multi-RAB reservation request) to the local BTS. The BTS determines whether to accept or deny the QoS request (e.g., based on network capacity, such as using a first come first service QoS/network bandwidth or best effort access policy or other techniques, and/or other criteria/measures). The BTS responds to the QoS request accordingly. If the QoS request is granted, the QoS session can be initiated as similarly described herein. In some embodiments, the service processor 115 also performs various QoS charging functions using various techniques described herein, and the service processor 115 periodically sends QoS charging records or reports to the service controller 122 (e.g., and/or another network element/function). In some embodiments, the service processor 115 and the QoS related functions performed by the service processor 115 are periodically verified using the various techniques described herein.
Referring to FIG. 20B, FIG. 20B is similar to FIG. 20A except that the service controller 122 is also shown to be in communication with the service processor 115 of the communications device 100, which can provide for the download and periodically updating of the QoS rules and/or other service plan/profile/policy information that can include QoS related information. In some embodiments, the service processor 115 also performs various QoS charging functions using various techniques described herein, and the service processor 115 periodically sends QoS charging records or reports to the service controller 122 (e.g., and/or another network element/function). In some embodiments, the service processor 115 and the QoS related functions performed by the service processor 115 are periodically verified using the various techniques described herein.
Referring to FIG. 20C, at 3201, the service processor 115 sends a QoS request to the service controller 122 (e.g., the service processor can also (at least in part) determine whether the QoS request is authorized as similarly described with respect to FIG. 20A). At 3202, the service controller 122 sends the QoS request to the BTS 125 if it is determined that the QoS request is authorized using various techniques described herein and/or whether the BTS 125 has network capacity for the QoS request. For example, the service controller can provide a central policy decision point function for QoS related activities (e.g., based on QoS prioritization, network capacity, and/or other criteria/measures/policies). At 3203, the service controller 122 communicates the response to the QoS request accordingly. At 3204, if the QoS request was approved, the device 100 initiates the QoS session (e.g., using a RAB or multi-RAB reservation) via the BTS 125. In some embodiments, the service processor 115 also performs various QoS charging functions using various techniques described herein, and the service processor 115 periodically sends QoS charging records or reports to the service controller 122 (e.g., and/or another network element/function). In some embodiments, the service processor 115 and the QoS related functions performed by the service processor 115 are periodically verified using the various techniques described herein.
In some embodiments, QoS techniques as described herein are implemented in the device (e.g., using the service processor 115) and one or more other network elements/functions, such as the BTS 125, service controller 125, RAN, SGSN/GGSN/other gateways and/or other network elements/functions, in which various of the QoS related functions can be distributed or allocated to such network elements/functions based on various design/network architecture approaches as will now be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, in which QoS related activities and/or functions at the device 100 are verified using various verification techniques described herein.
In some embodiments, the device determines QoS availability by directly querying QoS link reservation equipment in the network (e.g., an access point, such as the BTS 125). In some embodiments, the device determines QoS availability based on an intermediate network function that coordinates QoS requests with one or more network QoS link resources. In some embodiments, the device requests a QoS reservation in advance of QoS link establishment with one or more QoS network link resources. In some embodiments, in response to a QoS request, a QoS channel is reported as available only if/after it is determined that the necessary one or more QoS links required to create the QoS channel are available, and, for example, the QoS channel can then be reserved based on a confirmation or automatically be reserved in response to the QoS request.
FIG. 21 illustrates a functional diagram for generating a QoS activity map for quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments. In particular, FIG. 21 illustrates techniques for mapping a service plan or a set of service plan policies/rules for QoS 3205 to a set of QoS activity rules 3207. As shown, a set of QoS rules/QoS related device state information 3205 (e.g., a set of associated service plan, service plan usage, other state such as network capacity or forecasted demand or time of day/day of week, activity usage, QoS level, and/or user preferences) is mapped using a QoS mapping function to a set of QoS activity rules 3207 using various techniques described herein. At 3207, activity rules (e.g., activity policy rules instructions) 3207 are determined using the mapping function 520. In some embodiments, DAS for network capacity controlled services techniques can similarly be implemented using the techniques described with respect to FIG. 21 (e.g., for generating and implementing a network capacity controlled services activity map).
In some embodiments, the service plan includes a list of activity policies, and each activity policy in the service plan specifies how the activity policy is modified by rules state information. In some embodiments, each activity policy then becomes the instruction for the engine (e.g., QoS mapping function 3206) that maps the activity policy to QoS activity rules 3207. In some embodiments, service controller 122 downloads QoS mapping function 3206, which is implemented by service processor 115.
In some embodiments, the service processor determines (e.g., and classifies) application/service usage activity demand with or without granular application/service usage activity (e.g., depending on various user/service plan/service provider/network/legal and/or other privacy restrictions and/or any other related requirements or settings). For example, policies (e.g., service policy settings and/or service profile settings) can be downloaded to provide such application/service usage activity monitoring rules and a QoS activity map for assigning such monitored activities to various QoS classes or priorities, and, in some embodiments, such monitoring and the QoS activity map can also be implemented using various verification techniques described herein (e.g., periodically audited, tested, compared with network service usage information). In some embodiments, the QoS activity map is based on a service plan, service profile, and/or service policy settings associated with the communications device. In some embodiments, the QoS activity map is based on a device group and/or user group. In some embodiments, the QoS activity map is based on user input (e.g., a user of the communications device can identify QoS classes/service levels for various applications and/or service activities, in response to requests for user input, based on user configurations, user defined rules (e.g., to eliminate or mitigate privacy and/or net neutrality concerns/issues), and/or confirmed monitored user behavior QoS related patterns or preferences). In some embodiments, the QoS activity map includes mappings/associations based on one or more of the following: a user preference for a given destination, destination class, application, application class (e.g., by application class instead of with respect to a specific application can also eliminate or mitigate privacy and/or net neutrality concerns/issues), flow, traffic or flow class, time period, time of day, location, network busy state (e.g., provide QoS when you can, then charge more when busy, notify user of busy state), device type, user type, user plan, user group, user standing, partner service, tokens, service type, and/or other criteria or measures.
In some embodiments, various techniques described herein are managed for device 100 for incoming and/or outgoing QoS requests. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 22, QoS for DAS includes establishing an end to end coordinated QoS service channel control.
FIG. 22 illustrates a functional diagram for quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services for an end to end coordinated QoS service channel control in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 22, a wireless communications device 100A includes a service processor 115A in secure communication with service controller 122A. A wireless communications device 100B includes a service processor 115B in secure communication with service controller 122B. In some embodiments, when, for example, device 100A initiates a QoS request for a QoS class session in communication with device 100B (e.g., a VOIP call or another application service requiring or possibly using a QoS class/level session, such as a conversational or other QoS type of class/level), as sequence of actions are performed using service controller 122A and service controller 122B to facilitate/setup an end to end coordinated QoS service channel control. In some embodiments, as similarly described herein, assuming that service processor 115A and service controller 122A determine that the QoS request from device 100A is authorized for that device, then the service controller 122A contacts registry 650 (e.g., a device registry, such as an HLR, mobile services center, or other central database or registry including, for example, service controller mappings by device/IP address/other) to determine the service controller associated with/responsible for managing QoS/service control for device 100B. The registry 650 provides the service controller 122B information (e.g., IP address/other address) based on this lookup determination. In some embodiments, service controller 122A then initiates the QoS request with service controller 122B to determine if the device 100B is authorized and/or available for the QoS session requested by device 100A. In some embodiments, service controllers 122A/B communicate with BTSs 125A/B to determine whether the QoS request can be facilitated (e.g., based on network capacity) as similarly described herein. In some embodiments, the service controllers 122A and 122B provide the central QoS coordination function and can request appropriate QoS channels directly from the respective local BTSs. In some embodiments, the service controllers 122A and 122B also communicate with one or more of the following network elements/functions as shown in FIG. 22 in order to facilitate an end to end coordinated QoS service channel control: RAN 610A/610B, Core Network 600A/600B, and IPX network 630. In some embodiments, service controllers 122A and 122B communicate with various necessary network elements for provisioning to facilitate session provisioning through the carrier core network as similarly discussed above. In some embodiments, service controllers 122A and 122B communicate with various necessary network elements for provisioning to facilitate session provisioning through the IPX network as similarly discussed above. As will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, QoS for DAS techniques as described herein can be similarly implemented using these or similar techniques to various other network architectures.
FIG. 23 illustrates a flow diagram for quality of service (QoS) for device-assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments. At 3211, the process begins. At 3212, QoS rules are received or determined (e.g., a service processor receives or requests the QoS rules, which may be included in service plan, service profile, and/or service policy settings associated with the communications device). In some embodiments, the QoS rules are verified using various techniques as described herein (e.g., periodically updated, replaced, downloaded, obfuscated, and/or tested using by a service controller and/or using other verification techniques). In some embodiments, a QoS API is also used by various applications to initiate a QoS request, as described herein with respect to various embodiments. In some embodiments, the QoS rules are implemented in the form of a QoS activity map in accordance with various embodiments described herein. At 3213, the communications device's standing for QoS is determined using various techniques described herein (e.g., based on the service plan, service profile, service policy settings, QoS rules, based on QoS class, current service usage, current billing standing, and/or any other criteria/measure). In some embodiments, in addition to verifying the device/user standing for the QoS request, whether the device is following or in compliance with an assigned QoS reservation request policy is also verified using various techniques described herein. If the device is determined to not be eligible for QoS, then at 3214, the device User Interface (UI) provides information concerning the denial/ineligibility for QoS session(s) (e.g., denial/ineligibility explanation and/or options for providing for one or more QoS options, such as a service plan upgrade or payment for a certain/set of/period of time for QoS session(s) access). If the device is determined to be eligible for QoS, then at 3215, QoS availability is determined (e.g., based on network capacity, which may be determined at the device, via communication with the service controller, via communication with the BTS, and/or any combination thereof, using the various techniques described herein). If QoS is determined to not be available, then at 3216, the UI provides information and/or options concerning the QoS availability (e.g., unavailability explanation and/or options for providing for one or more QoS options, such as a service plan upgrade or payment for a certain/set of/period of time for QoS session(s) access). If QoS is determined to be available, then at 3217, a request for network resources for the QoS session is sent to one or more network resources (e.g., service controller, BTS, gateway, core/transport network, IPX/GRX networks, and/or other network elements/functions/resources). At 3218, a confirmation of the approved QoS session is received to close the loop for the QoS for DAS (e.g., a QoS schedule is received that provides the QoS session confirmation information, such as a scheduled RAB/multi-RAB and/or other reserved network resource(s) by schedule/other criteria). At 3219, one or more verification techniques are performed to verify the QoS for DAS implementation on the device using various verification techniques described herein (e.g., comparing QoS service usage reports from a network source with the associated device policy; comparing QoS service usage reports from a network source with the QoS service usage reports from the device, and/or using other verification techniques as similarly described herein). At 3220, the process is completed.
FIGS. 24A through 24C each illustrate another flow diagram for quality of service (QoS) for device-assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 24A illustrates another flow diagram for quality of service (QoS) for device-assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments. At 3227, the process begins. In some embodiments, the QoS policies are implemented on the device (e.g., service processor collects/receives an associated service plan that defines/specifies basic policies for QoS, which can include a QoS activity map, which, for example, maps QoS classes based on application, service usage, flow type, destination, time of day, network capacity, and/or other criteria/measures, as similarly described herein). In some embodiments, a QoS API is also used by various applications to initiate a QoS request, as described herein with respect to various embodiments. In some embodiments, the QoS rules are implemented in the form of a verified QoS activity map in accordance with various embodiments described herein. At 3228, a QoS request is determined (e.g., by QoS class for a particular associated service/application). In some embodiments, the QoS request is determined at least in part by using the QoS activity map using various techniques described herein, for example, based on service/application usage monitoring on the device (e.g., by the service processor service usage monitoring agent). In some embodiments, the QoS request is determined based on the QoS API. In some embodiments, the QoS request is determined to be associated with an outgoing connection or an incoming connection. At 3229, whether the QoS request is authorized is determined (e.g., whether the QoS request supported by the service plan, sufficient charging credit exists for this QoS request, and/or other criteria/measures). If not, then at 3230, the UI provides a responsive notification and/or option as similarly described herein. If the QoS request is approved, then at 3231, a request for network resources for the QoS session is sent to one or more network resources (e.g., service controller, BTS, gateway, core/transport network, IPX/GRX networks, a/another service controller in communication with another communications device such as for setting up a conversational class QoS connection with the other communications device, and/or other network elements/functions/resources). If the device is determined to be eligible for QoS, then at 3231, QoS availability is determined (e.g., based on network capacity, which may be determined at the device, via communication with the service controller, via communication with the BTS or another network element/function, and/or any combination thereof, using the various techniques described herein). If QoS is determined to not be available, then at 3232, the UI provides information and/or options concerning the QoS availability (e.g., unavailability explanation and/or options for providing for one or more QoS options, such as a service plan upgrade or payment for a certain/set of/period of time for QoS session(s) access). If QoS is determined to be available, then at 3233, a request for network resources for the QoS session is sent to one or more network resources (e.g., service controller, BTS, gateway, core/transport network, IPX/GRX networks, and/or other network elements/functions/resources, to setup, for example, a QoS end to end connection—coordinate all resources end to end for the approved and verified QoS flow). At 3234, a confirmation of the approved QoS session is received to close the loop for the QoS for DAS (e.g., a QoS schedule is received that provides the QoS session confirmation information, such as a scheduled RAB/multi-RAB and/or other reserved network resource(s) by schedule/other criteria). At 3235, a QoS router is executed/performed on the communications device to assist in implementing QoS for DAS using various verification techniques described herein (e.g., to perform QoS queuing, throttling, and/or other QoS router related functions as described herein). At 3236, verified QoS charging is performed (e.g., at least in part) on the device using various techniques described herein (e.g., using the service processor, such as the charging/service usage monitoring and/or other agents as described herein). In some embodiments, QoS charging records and/or reports are provided to one or more network elements for managing QoS billing and/or other QoS management/billing related service control functions (e.g., to the service controller and/or the billing interface or billing server). In some embodiments, QoS for DAS also facilitates reestablishing the QoS session/connection/channel/stream if the QoS session/connection/channel/stream is lost or goes down, using similar techniques to those described herein as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. At 3237, the process is completed. In some embodiments, the QoS provisioning channel is closed when the device session is over to, for example, free up various resources.
FIG. 24B illustrates another flow diagram for quality of service (QoS) for device-assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, QoS for DAS includes identifying the QoS requirements (e.g., QoS level or QoS class) for a service activity. At 3238, the process begins. In some embodiments, the QoS policies are implemented on the device (e.g., service processor collects/receives an associated service plan that defines/specifies basic policies for QoS, which can include a QoS activity map, which, for example, maps QoS classes based on application, service usage, flow type, destination, time of day, network capacity, and/or other criteria/measures, as similarly described herein). In some embodiments, the QoS rules are implemented in the form of a verified QoS activity map in accordance with various embodiments described herein. At 3239, the device monitors device activity, such as service/application usage activities. In some embodiments, the device detects the relevant activities based on various service usage monitoring techniques described herein. At 3240, a QoS request is determined, for example, using various techniques described herein. At 3241, a QoS level is determined based on the application and/or various device monitored service usage/application activities associated with the QoS request using various techniques described herein. For example, the QoS level can be determined using the QoS activity map, which provides a QoS policy defined by a table associating various QoS levels with a variety of activities that include various device monitored service usage/application activities. In some embodiments, the QoS activity map includes QoS level mappings based on one or more of the following: application, destination/source, traffic type, connection type, content type, time of day/day of week, network capacity, activity usage, service plan selection, current standing, user class, device class, home/roaming, network capabilities, and/or other criteria/measures as similarly described herein. In some embodiments, at 3242, if the QoS level cannot be determined and/or in order to confirm a QoS level or selection among multiple potential appropriate/approved QoS levels, the UI presents options for a user to select the QoS level. At 3243, the QoS request is initiated for the determined QoS level (e.g., QoS class and/or priorities). At 3244, the process is completed.
FIG. 24C illustrates another flow diagram for quality of service (QoS) for device-assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, QoS for DAS includes determining whether the network should grant the QoS request for a given device activity. At 3245, the process begins. At 3246, QoS request is determined. At 3247, the communications device's standing for QoS is determined using various techniques described herein (e.g., a service processor in combination with a service controller or based on a communication for authorization of the QoS request sent to the service controller determines whether the QoS request is authorized, which can be based on the service plan, service profile, service policy settings, QoS rules, based on QoS class, current service usage, current billing standing, and/or any other criteria/measure). If the device is determined to not be eligible for QoS, then at 3248, the device User Interface (UI) provides information concerning the denial/ineligibility for QoS session(s) (e.g., denial/ineligibility explanation and/or options for providing for one or more QoS options, such as a service plan upgrade or payment for a certain/set of/period of time for QoS session(s) access). If the device is determined to be eligible for QoS, then at 3249, QoS availability is determined (e.g., based on network capacity, which may be determined at the device, via communication with the service controller, via communication with the BTS or another network element/function, and/or any combination thereof, using the various techniques described herein). If QoS is determined to not be available, then at 3250, the UI provides information and/or options concerning the QoS availability (e.g., unavailability explanation and/or options for providing for one or more QoS options, such as a service plan upgrade or payment for a certain/set of/period of time for QoS session(s) access). If QoS is determined to be available, then at 3251, a request for network resources for the QoS session is sent to one or more network resources (e.g., service controller, BTS, gateway, core/transport network, IPX/GRX networks, and/or other network elements/functions/resources can be queried directly and/or a centralized QoS resource/network function/element/database can be queried for determining such network resources and coordinating such scheduling). At 3252, a confirmation of the approved QoS session is received to close the loop for the QoS for DAS (e.g., a QoS schedule is received that provides the QoS session confirmation information, such as a scheduled RAB/multi-RAB and/or other reserved network resource(s) by schedule/other criteria). At 3253, a QoS router is performed. In some embodiments, the QoS router is performed on the device (e.g., service processor), on a network element/function (e.g., service controller), and/or in combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the QoS router prioritizes multiple QoS requests across a given communications device. In some embodiments, the QoS router prioritizes multiple QoS requests across multiple communications devices and/or across multiple BTSs. In some embodiments, the QoS router performs various QoS class degradation, promotion, and/or other throttling related techniques as similarly described herein (e.g., based on session priority, network capacity, workload balancing, QoS priority rules, and/or other criteria/measures/rules). At 3254, the process is completed.
FIG. 25 illustrates another flow diagram for quality of service (QoS) for device-assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, QoS for DAS includes QoS session provision for a service activity. At 3255, the process begins. At 3256, a new QoS session is granted and/or confirmed. At 3257, a device service processor (e.g., policy decision point (PDP) agent, also referred to herein as a policy control agent) maps the QoS session grant to a QoS monitoring policy (e.g., based on a service controller provided QoS related policy, based on a service plan associated with the device, user, device/user group, and/or other criteria/measures, as similarly described herein). At 3258, the QoS monitoring policy provides commands/instructions to a policy enforcement point (PEP) (e.g., PEP agent, also referred to herein as a policy implementation agent) for managing/enforcing the new QoS priorities/sessions. At 3259, the PEP determines whether to allow, block, throttle, and/or queue priority (e.g., and/or otherwise control using various traffic control related techniques) a session based on the QoS monitoring policy. At 3260, the process is completed.
FIG. 26 illustrates another flow diagram for quality of service (QoS) for device-assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, Radio Access Bearer (RAB) support is available, and the following process is performed in accordance with some embodiments. At 3281, the process begins. At 3282, the device service processor detects a QoS request or QoS need (e.g., a QoS API request, a QoS request or need/benefit of QoS session based on service usage monitoring, such as by application and/or another service usage measure/activity). At 3283, the service processor and/or the service processor in communication with the service controller determines if the service plan allows/supports the requested QoS. If not, then at 3284, a UI event is generated (e.g., notifying the device user that such QoS/QoS level/class is not available, and potentially offering a QoS/service plan upgrade/purchase for that QoS/QoS level/class). At 3285, the service processor communicates the QoS request to the service controller (e.g., using a secure service control link or secure communication channel, as similarly described herein) to request the QoS level/class. At 3286, the service controller determines whether network resources are available using various techniques as described herein. In some embodiments, network capacity is determined using various techniques, such as local device measurements; dedicated local device measurement reports; BTS reports; other network element reports; by assessing, for example, a combination of one or more of available bandwidth, traffic delay or latency, available QoS level, variability in available bandwidth, variability in latency, and/or variability in available QoS level; and/or other techniques as described herein. At 3287, the service controller responds to the QoS request (e.g., grants or denies the QoS request). In some embodiments, another UI event is generated if the QoS request is denied as similarly described herein. At 3288 (assuming the QoS request is granted), the device requests a QoS channel from the BTS. In some embodiments, the request includes a QoS request authorization code received from the service controller. In some embodiments, the service controller provides a notification of the QoS request approval for the communications device to the BTS, so that the BTS can verify the approval of the QoS request. In some embodiments, the BTS confirms the device QoS channel request directly with the service controller. For example, various other techniques for verifying the QoS channel request can also be used as similarly described herein and as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. In some embodiments, the device service processor and/or service controller provides QoS related reports informing the BTS of how many QoS channels (e.g., RABs) to provision and how many best effort resources to provision based on device demand projections. At 3289 (assuming the QoS channel request is verified), the QoS session is initiated based on an allocated RAB or multi-RAB reservation received from the BTS (e.g., and/or other network elements as similarly described herein). At 3290, the process is completed.
FIG. 27 illustrates another flow diagram for quality of service (QoS) for device assisted services (DAS) in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, RAB support is not available, and the following process is performed in accordance with some embodiments. At 3210, the process begins. At 3261, the device service processor detects a QoS request or QoS need (e.g., a QoS API request, a QoS request or need/benefit of QoS session based on service usage monitoring, such as by application, or other service usage measure/activity). At 3262, the service processor and/or the service processor in communication with the service controller determines if the service plan allows/supports the requested QoS. If not, then at 3263, a UI event is generated (e.g., notifying the device user that such QoS/QoS level/class is not available, and potentially offering a QoS/service plan upgrade/purchase for that QoS/QoS level/class). At 3264, the service processor communicates the QoS request to the service controller (e.g., using a secure service control link or secure communication channel, as similarly described herein) to request the QoS level/class. At 3265, the service controller determines whether network resources are available using various techniques as described herein. In some embodiments, network capacity is determined using various techniques, such as local device measurements, BTS reports, other network element reports, and/or other techniques as described herein. In some embodiments, the service controller throttles other devices on the link so that the requested QoS level can be achieved (e.g., as RAB support is not available). In some embodiments, the service controller time slots traffic from the device end in synchronization with a BTS clock or absolute clock to facilitate the requested QoS level and to achieve necessary network capacity to support/facilitate the requested QoS level (e.g., minimizing jitter/inter-packet delay variation) based on current/forecasted network capacity on the link. At 3266, the service controller responds to the QoS request (e.g., grants or denies the QoS request). In some embodiments, another UI event is generated if the QoS request is denied as similarly described herein. At 3267 (assuming the QoS request is granted), the device initiates the QoS session. At 3268, the device service processor and/or the device service processor in secure communication with the service controller monitors and verifies the QoS session using various monitoring and verification techniques described herein (e.g., checks CDRs to determine if the QoS channel is properly implemented by the device). In some embodiments, a UI event is generated to notify the device user if there are potential problems with the QoS session implementation, to periodically inform the user of QoS charging, and/or other events/information related to QoS activities. At 3269, the process is completed.
FIG. 28 illustrates a device stack for providing various service usage measurement techniques in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 28 illustrates a device stack providing various service usage measurement from various points in the networking stack for a service monitor agent (e.g., for monitoring QoS related activities and/or for monitoring network capacity controlled services as described herein), a billing agent, and an access control integrity agent to assist in verifying the service usage measures, QoS related activities and functions, and billing reports in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 28, several service agents take part in data path operations to achieve various data path improvements, and, for example, several other service agents can manage the policy settings for the data path service, implement billing for the data path service, manage one or more modem selection and settings for access network connection, interface with the user and/or provide service policy implementation verification. Additionally, in some embodiments, several agents perform functions to assist in verifying that the service control or monitoring policies intended to be in place are properly implemented, the service control or monitoring policies are being properly adhered to, that the service processor or one or more service agents are operating properly, to prevent unintended errors in policy implementation or control, and/or to prevent/detect tampering with the service policies or control. As shown, the service measurement points labeled I through VI represent various service measurement points for service monitor agent 1696 and/or other agents to perform various service monitoring activities. Each of these measurement points can have a useful purpose in various embodiments described herein. For example, each of the traffic measurement points that is employed in a given design can be used by a monitoring agent to track application layer traffic through the communication stack to assist policy implementation functions, such as the policy implementation driver/agent 1690 (e.g., policy enforcement point driver/agent), or in some embodiments the modem firewall agent 1655 or the application interface agent, in making a determination regarding the traffic parameters or type once the traffic is farther down in the communication stack where it is sometimes difficult or impossible to make a complete determination of traffic parameters. The particular locations for the measurement points provided in these figures are intended as instructional examples, and other measurement points can be used for different embodiments, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the embodiments described herein. Generally, in some embodiments, one or more measurement points within the device can be used to assist in service control verification and/or device or service troubleshooting.
In some embodiments, the service monitor agent and/or other agents implement virtual traffic tagging by tracking or tracing packet flows through the various communication stack formatting, processing and encryption steps, and providing the virtual tag information to the various agents that monitor, control, shape, throttle or otherwise observe, manipulate or modify the traffic. This tagging approach is referred to herein as virtual tagging, because there is not a literal data flow, traffic flow or packet tag that is attached to flows or packets, and the book-keeping to tag the packet is done through tracking or tracing the flow or packet through the stack instead. In some embodiments, the application interface and/or other agents identify a traffic flow, associate it with a service usage activity and cause a literal tag to be attached to the traffic or packets associated with the activity. This tagging approach is referred to herein as literal tagging. There are various advantages with both the virtual tagging and the literal tagging approaches. For example, it can be preferable in some embodiments to reduce the inter-agent communication required to track or trace a packet through the stack processing by assigning a literal tag so that each flow or packet has its own activity association embedded in the data. As another example, it can be preferable in some embodiments to re-use portions of standard communication stack software or components, enhancing the verifiable traffic control or service control capabilities of the standard stack by inserting additional processing steps associated with the various service agents and monitoring points rather than re-writing the entire stack to correctly process literal tagging information, and in such cases, a virtual tagging scheme may be desired. As yet another example, some standard communication stacks provide for unused, unspecified or otherwise available bit fields in a packet frame or flow, and these unused, unspecified or otherwise available bit fields can be used to literally tag traffic without the need to re-write all of the standard communication stack software, with only the portions of the stack that are added to enhance the verifiable traffic control or service control capabilities of the standard stack needing to decode and use the literal tagging information encapsulated in the available bit fields. In the case of literal tagging, in some embodiments, the tags are removed prior to passing the packets or flows to the network or to the applications utilizing the stack. In some embodiments, the manner in which the virtual or literal tagging is implemented can be developed into a communication standard specification so that various device or service product developers can independently develop the communication stack and/or service processor hardware and/or software in a manner that is compatible with the service controller specifications and the products of other device or service product developers.
It will be appreciated that although the implementation/use of any or all of the measurement points illustrated in FIG. 28 is not required to have an effective implementation, such as was similarly shown with respect to various embodiments described herein, various embodiments can benefit from these and/or similar measurement points. It will also be appreciated that the exact measurement points can be moved to different locations in the traffic processing stack, just as the various embodiments described herein can have the agents affecting policy implementation moved to different points in the traffic processing stack while still maintaining effective operation. In some embodiments, one or more measurement points are provided deeper in the modem stack where, for example, it is more difficult to circumvent and can be more difficult to access for tampering purposes if the modem is designed with the proper software and/or hardware security to protect the integrity of the modem stack and measurement point(s).
Referring to FIG. 28, describing the device communications stack from the bottom to the top of the stack as shown, the device communications stack provides a communication layer for each of the modems of the device at the bottom of the device communications stack. Example measurement point VI resides within or just above the modem driver layer. For example, the modem driver performs modem bus communications, data protocol translations, modem control and configuration to interface the networking stack traffic to the modem. As shown, measurement point VI is common to all modem drivers and modems, and it is advantageous for certain embodiments to differentiate the traffic or service activity taking place through one modem from that of one or more of the other modems. In some embodiments, measurement point VI, or another measurement point, is located over, within or below one or more of the individual modem drivers. The respective modem buses for each modem reside between example measurement points V and VI. In the next higher layer, a modem selection & control layer for multimode device based communication is provided. In some embodiments, this layer is controlled by a network decision policy that selects the most desirable network modem for some or all of the data traffic, and when the most desirable network is not available the policy reverts to the next most desirable network until a connection is established provided that one of the networks is available. In some embodiments, certain network traffic, such as verification, control, redundant or secure traffic, is routed to one of the networks even when some or all of the data traffic is routed to another network. This dual routing capability provides for a variety of enhanced security, enhanced reliability or enhanced manageability devices, services or applications. In the next higher layer, a modem firewall is provided. For example, the modem firewall provides for traditional firewall functions, but unlike traditional firewalls, in order to rely on the firewall for verifiable service usage control, such as access control and security protection from unwanted networking traffic or applications, the various service verification techniques and agents described herein are added to the firewall function to verify compliance with service policy and prevent/detect tampering of the service controls. In some embodiments, the modem firewall is implemented farther up the stack, possibly in combination with other layers as indicated in other figures and described herein. In some embodiments, a dedicated firewall function or layer is provided that is independent of the other processing layers, such as the policy implementation layer, the packet forwarding layer and/or the application layer. In some embodiments, the modem firewall is implemented farther down the stack, such as within the modem drivers, below the modem drivers, or in the modem itself. Example measurement point IV resides between the modem firewall layer and an IP queuing and routing layer (e.g., QoS IP queuing and routing layer and/or a network capacity controlled services queuing and routing layer). As shown, an IP queuing and routing layer is separate from the policy implementation layer where the policy implementation agent implements a portion of the traffic control and/or service usage control policies. As described herein, in some embodiments, these functions are separated so that a standard network stack function can be used for QoS IP queuing and routing and/or for network capacity controlled services queuing and routing, and the modifications necessary to implement the policy implementation agent functions can be provided in a new layer inserted into the standard stack. In some embodiments, the IP queuing and routing layer is combined with the traffic or service usage control layer. For example, a combined routing and policy implementation layer embodiment can also be used with the other embodiments, such as shown in FIG. 28. Measurement point III resides between the IP queuing and routing layer and a policy implementation agent layer. Measurement point II resides between the policy implementation agent layer and the transport layer, including TCP, UDP, and other IP as shown. The session layer resides above the transport layer, which is shown as a socket assignment and session management (e.g., basic TCP setup, TLS/SSL) layer. The network services API (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS, FTP (File Transfer Protocol), SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), POP3, DNS) resides above the session layer. Measurement point I resides between the network services API layer and an application layer, shown as application service interface agent in the device communications stack of FIG. 28.
As shown in FIG. 28, the application service interface layer (e.g., QoS application service interface layer and/or network capacity controlled services interface layer) is above the standard networking stack API and, in some embodiments, its function is to monitor and in some cases intercept and process the traffic between the applications and the standard networking stack API. In some embodiments, the application service interface layer identifies application traffic flows before the application traffic flows are more difficult or practically impossible to identify farther down in the stack. In some embodiments, the application service interface layer in this way assists application layer tagging in both the virtual and literal tagging cases. In the case of upstream traffic, the application layer tagging is straight forward, because the traffic originates at the application layer. In some downstream embodiments, where the traffic or service activity classification relies on traffic attributes that are readily obtainable, such as source address or URL, application socket address, IP destination address, time of day or any other readily obtained parameter, the traffic type can be identified and tagged for processing by the firewall agent or another agent as it initially arrives. In other embodiments, as described herein, in the downstream case, the solution is generally more sophisticated when a traffic parameter that is needed to classify the manner in which the traffic flow is to be controlled or throttled is not readily available at the lower levels of the stack, such as association with an aspect of an application, type of content, something contained within TLS, IPSEC or other secure format, or other information associated with the traffic. Accordingly, in some embodiments the networking stack identifies the traffic flow before it is fully characterized, categorized or associated with a service activity, and then passes the traffic through to the application interface layer where the final classification is completed. In such embodiments, the application interface layer then communicates the traffic flow ID with the proper classification so that after an initial short traffic burst or time period the policy implementation agents can properly control the traffic. In some embodiments, there is also a policy for tagging and setting service control policies for traffic that cannot be fully identified with all sources of tagging including application layer tagging.
As shown in FIG. 28, a service monitor agent, which is also in communication with the agent communication bus 1630, communicates with various layers of the device communications stack. For example, the service monitor agent, performs monitoring at each of measurement points I through VI, receiving information including application information, service usage and other service related information, and assignment information. An access control integrity agent is in communication with the service monitor agent via the agent communications bus 1630, as also shown.
FIG. 29 illustrates another device stack for providing various service usage measurement techniques in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 29 illustrates an embodiment similar to FIG. 28 in which some of the service processor is implemented on the modem and some of the service processor is implemented on the device application processor in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, a portion of the service processor is implemented on the modem (e.g., on modem module hardware or modem chipset) and a portion of the service processor is implemented on the device application processor subsystem. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that variations of the embodiment depicted in FIG. 29 are possible where more or less of the service processor functionality is moved onto the modem subsystem or onto the device application processor subsystem. For example, such embodiments similar to that depicted in FIG. 29 can be motivated by the advantages of including some or all of the service processor network communication stack processing and/or some or all of the other service agent functions on the modem subsystem (e.g., and such an approach can be applied to one or more modems). For example, the service processor can be distributed as a standard feature set contained in a modem chipset hardware of software package or modem module hardware or software package, and such a configuration can provide for easier adoption or development by device OEMs, a higher level of differentiation for the chipset or modem module manufacturer, higher levels of performance or service usage control implementation integrity or security, specification or interoperability standardization, and/or other benefits.
Referring to FIG. 29, describing the device communications stack from the bottom to the top of the stack as shown, the device communications stack provides a communication layer for modem MAC/PHY layer at the bottom of the device communications stack. Measurement point IV resides above the modem MAC/PHY layer. The modem firewall layer resides between measurement points IV and III. In the next higher layer, the policy implementation agent is provided, in which the policy implementation agent is implemented on the modem (e.g., on modem hardware). Measurement point II resides between the policy implementation agent and the modem driver layer, which is then shown below a modem bus layer. The next higher layer is shown as the IP queuing and routing layer, followed by the transport layer, including TCP, UDP, and other IP as shown. The session layer resides above the transport layer, which is shown as a socket assignment and session management (e.g., basic TCP setup, TLS/SSL) layer. The network services API (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS, FTP (File Transfer Protocol), SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), POP3, DNS) resides above the session layer. Measurement point I resides between the network services API layer and an application layer, shown as application service interface agent in the device communications stack of FIG. 29.
Additional Embodiments of DAS for Protecting Network Capacity
In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity includes classifying a service activity as a network capacity controlled service and implementing a network capacity controlled services policy. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity includes device assisted/based techniques for classifying a service activity as a network capacity controlled service and/or implementing a network capacity controlled services policy. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity includes network assisted/based techniques (e.g., implemented on a network element/function, such as a service controller, a DPI gateway, a BTS/BTSC, etc., or a combination of network elements) for classifying a service activity as a network capacity controlled service and/or implementing a network capacity controlled services policy. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity includes providing a network access API or an emulated or virtual network access API (e.g., such an API can provide network busy state information and/or other criteria/measures and/or provide a mechanism for allowing, denying, delaying, and/or otherwise controlling network access). In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity includes implementing a service plan that includes a network capacity controlled services policy (e.g., for differential network access control and/or differential charging for network capacity controlled services, which can also be based on a network busy state and/or other criteria/measures).
In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity techniques also provide improved user privacy and facilitate network neutrality requirements. In contrast, network based techniques (e.g., DPI based techniques) can give rise to user privacy and network neutrality concerns and problems as discussed above. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity techniques include allowing a user to specify (e.g., permit or not permit) whether the network is aware of the user's Internet behavior (e.g., using UI input). In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity techniques include allowing a user to select how they want their traffic usage and service plan costs to be managed.
FIG. 30 illustrates a flow diagram for device-assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments. At 3291, the process begins. At 3292, monitoring a network service usage activity of a device in network communication (e.g., wireless network communication) is performed. At 3293, whether the monitored network service usage activity is a network capacity controlled service is determined. At 3294 (the monitored network service usage activity was determined not to be a network capacity controlled service), the network service usage activity is not classified for differential network access control. At 3295, (the monitored network service usage activity was determined to be a network capacity controlled service), the network service usage activity is classified (e.g., into one or more network capacity controlled services) for differential network access control for protecting network capacity. In some embodiments, classifying the network service usage activity includes classifying the network service usage activity into one or more of a plurality of classification categories for differential network access control for protecting network capacity (e.g., one or more network capacity controlled service classifications and/or a priority state classification, such as a background services classification and/or a background priority state classification). At 3296, associating the network service usage activity with a network capacity controlled services control policy based on a classification of the network service usage activity to facilitate differential network access control for protecting network capacity is performed. At 3297, implementing differential network access control for protecting network capacity by implementing different traffic controls for all or some of the network service usage activities (e.g., based on a network busy state or another criteria/measure) is performed. At 3298, the process is completed.
FIG. 31 illustrates another flow diagram for device assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments. At 3299, the process begins. At 3300, monitoring network service usage activities of a device in network communication is performed. At 3301, monitored network service usage activity of the device is reported (e.g., to a network element/function). At 3302, a statistical analysis of a reported network service usage activities across a plurality of devices is performed (e.g., by a network element/function). At 3303, the device receives a network service usage activity classification list (e.g., a network capacity controlled services list, which can be generated, for example, based on the monitored network service usage activities and the statistical analysis as well as other criteria/measures, including, for example, a service plan and/or a network busy state) from the network element. At 3304, implementing differential network access control based on the network service usage activity classification list for protecting network capacity is performed. At 3305, the process is completed. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity further includes associating the network service usage activity with a network service usage control policy (e.g., a network capacity controlled services policy) based on a classification of the network service usage activity to facilitate differential network access control for protecting network capacity. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity further includes differentially controlling the network service usage activity (e.g., network capacity controlled service) based on the service usage activity classification list.
FIG. 32 illustrates another flow diagram for device-assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments. At 3306, the process begins. At 3307, a first report of network service usage activity of a first device is received (e.g., at a network element/function) from the first device. At 3308, a second report of network service usage activity of a second device (e.g., at a network element/function) from the second device is received. At 3309, a statistical analysis of a plurality of reported service usage activities across a plurality of devices, including the first device and the second device, is performed (e.g., by a network element/function). At 3310, a network service usage activity classification list (e.g., a network capacity controlled services classification list) is sent to the first device (e.g., from a network element/function) for classifying network service usage activities (e.g., network capacity controlled services) based on the network service usage activity classification list for differential network access control for protecting network capacity. At 3311, a network service usage activity classification list is sent to the second device (e.g., from a network element/function) for classifying network service usage activities based on the network service usage activity classification list for differential network access control for protecting network capacity. At 3312, the process is completed. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity further includes associating the network service usage activity with a service usage control policy (e.g., a network capacity controlled services policy) based on a classification of the network service usage activity to facilitate differential network access control for protecting network capacity. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity further includes differentially controlling the network service usage activity (e.g., network capacity controlled service) based on the service usage activity classification list (e.g., network capacity controlled services classification list). In some embodiments, classifying network service usage activities is based on which network to which the device is connected. In some embodiments, the network service usage control policy is based on which network to which the device is connected.
FIG. 33 illustrates another flow diagram for device-assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments. At 3313, the process begins. At 3314, monitoring a network service usage activity of a plurality of devices in network communication using network-based techniques is performed. At 3315, a statistical analysis of monitored network service usage activities across the plurality of devices is performed. At 3316, a network service usage activity classification list (e.g., a network capacity controlled services classification list) is sent to each of the plurality of devices for classifying network service usage activities (e.g., network capacity controlled services) based on the service usage activity classification list for differential network access control for protecting network capacity. At 3317, the process is completed.
FIG. 34 illustrates another flow diagram for device-assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments. At 3318, the process begins. At 3319, monitoring network service usage activities of a device in network communication is performed. At 3320, associating a network service usage activity (e.g., a network capacity controlled service) with a service usage control policy (e.g., a network capacity controlled services policy) based on a classification of the network service usage activity (e.g., a network capacity controlled services classification list) for differential network access control for protecting network capacity is performed. At 3321, a user notification based on the service usage control policy is generated. At 3322, the process is completed.
In some embodiments, the service usage control policy includes a service usage notification policy. In some embodiments, the user notification includes one or more of the following: a notification that the application to be downloaded and/or launched is a network capacity controlled service; a list of one or more service activities (e.g., applications, OS/other software functions/utilities, and/or other functions/utilities as described herein) that have a network capacity controlled services classification; type of service policy in effect for one or more network capacity controlled services; notification that a service activity belongs to a network capacity controlled services class; notification that a service activity that is classified as network capacity controlled service can have the service class changed; notification that if the service class is changed for a service activity the service charges will change; notification that one or more networks are available (e.g., one or more alternative networks and/or network busy state information and/or charging information and/or incentives associated with such networks), a service plan upgrade/downgrade offer/option; and an offer for a service plan that rewards a user that responds to the notification a service plan is lower cost/discounted for responding to notification to use or not to use service activity based on usage level warning notification. In some embodiments, the user notification includes a user preference selection, including one or more of the following: a provision to associate an access policy control with the application (e.g., allow/block, notify of usage, notify of usage at a given threshold, traffic control settings, allow during certain times, allow when network not busy, and/or other policy controls as described herein), an over-ride option for selecting the service usage control policy; a modify option to select the service usage control policy; a select option to select a new service plan (e.g., an option to review and select alternative/new service plan upgrade/downgrade options), and an acknowledgement request (e.g., to confirm/acknowledge receipt of the notification, in which the acknowledgement can be transmitted to a network element/function and/or stored locally for later reference/transmission).
In some embodiments, before a given device application, process, function, OS service or other service activity is allowed to start, the intention to start is intercepted by a launch manager, the background service policy set or the network protection service policy set for the service activity is retrieved, and any necessary user notification or service launch control policies are implemented prior to allowing the service activity to launch. In such embodiments, a launch intercept manager may be used to implement this functionality. In some embodiments, this launch intercept manager is provided with a list identifying the service activities (e.g., application identifiers, OS function identifiers, aggregate service activity identifiers, and/or component service activity identifiers) that have a launch control policy in effect. In some embodiments, the list of launch control policies includes blocking or delaying launch of the one or more service activities. In some embodiments, the launch control policy includes a user notification before, during or after the service activity is launched. In some embodiments, the user is informed that a service activity that has a background service control policy in effect or a network protection service control policy in effect is attempting to launch, is about to launch or has launched. In a further set of embodiments, the launch is held up until the user is notified and is allowed to decide if they would like to launch the service activity. In some embodiments, the user notification includes a message that the service activity attempting to launch consumes a large amount of service usage and asks the user if they would like to continue (e.g., “This application consumes a large amount of data, would you like to continue?”, “This application consumes data even when you are not using it, would you like to continue?” “This application consumes data while you are roaming which adds cost to your usage bill, would you like to continue?”, etc.). In some embodiments, the decision on whether or not to launch a service activity is pre-programmed into the list identifying the service activities (e.g., application identifiers, OS function identifiers, aggregate service activity identifiers, and/or component service activity identifiers) that have a launch control policy in effect. In some embodiments a portion of the list is pre-programmed by the user in accordance with user preference for controlling usage of service activities. In some embodiments, a portion of the list is pre-programmed by a network element (e.g., a service controller) in accordance with network background service or network protection service policies specified by a service policy design management system operated by a service provider as described herein. In some embodiments, the policy implementation defined by the list identifying the service activities (e.g., application identifiers, OS function identifiers, aggregate service activity identifiers, and/or component service activity identifiers) that have a launch control policy in effect is verified to ensure that the user or malicious software has not defeated the policy enforcement specified in the list. In some embodiments the list identifying the service activities that have a launch control policy in effect includes launch policies that are a function of one or more of: background service state, network busy state (or performance state or QoS state), type of network the device is connected to, home or roaming connection, time of day or day of week.
In some embodiments, the various design techniques described herein that allow for intercepting a service activity intention to launch, and applying a background service policy set or a network protection service policy set can be designed into the OS itself. For example, the intercept and policy implementation functions can be designed into the activity manager, broadcast intent manger, media service manager, service manager, or other application or service activity management function in the Android OS. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that similarly, the various design techniques described herein that allow for intercepting a service activity intention to launch, and applying a background service policy set or a network protection service policy set can be designed into application launch management functions in the iPhone OS, windows mobile OS, windows PC OS, Blackberry OS, Palm OS, and other OS designs.
In some embodiments, the pre-launch user notification information indicates one or more of: typical service usage or cost, or projected service usage or cost for the service activity attempting to launch. In some embodiments, the user sets limitations on access for one or more service activities and once this limit is hit then when the service activities with exceeded limits attempt to launch the user is notified. In some embodiments, the user chooses from a set of service restrictions rather than simply blocking or allowing service activity launch, with example service restrictions including but not limited to: a pre-configured set of restriction policies to chose from (e.g., full access, limited access, highly restricted access or block access), block, throttle, delay, aggregate and hold, limit amount of usage per unit time, cap usage, set limit for additional notification, specify type of network, specify busy state (performance, QoS) or background state, or choose from pre-configured settings options.
In some embodiments, the user notification occurs after the user attempts to download or load an application onto the device (e.g., an application downloaded from the web or an online application store for a smart phone or other wireless/network computing device, such as an Apple iPhone or iPad, or Google Android/Chrome based device). In some embodiments, the user notification occurs after the user attempts to run the service activity or to initiate usage of a cloud based service/application (e.g., Google or Microsoft cloud service based apps). In some embodiments, the user notification occurs after one or more of the following: the service usage activity hits a usage threshold event, the service usage activity attempts a network service usage that satisfies a pre-condition, an update to a network capacity protection service activity classification list or policy set, and a network message is sent to the device triggering the notification. In some embodiments, the user notification provides information on the service usage activity that is possible, typical, or likely for the service usage activity. In some embodiments, the user notification includes a user option for obtaining more information about the service usage of the service activity (e.g., a message that the service usage activity may result in a high service usage and/or that the service usage activity may or will result in a high service usage as compared in some way to a limit of the current service plan) to make informed user preference settings.
In some embodiments, a user notification includes displaying (e.g., and as applicable, allowing users to provide UI input) one or more of the following: current and/or past/historical/logged network service usage activity list, current and/or past/historical/logged network capacity controlled service usage activities, current activity policy settings, current or available networks, service plan options (e.g., for how to treat one or more network capacity controlled service traffic types), selection option(s) to assign a network capacity controlled service activity into a different priority traffic control and/or charging buckets, network service usage by activity (e.g., network capacity controlled services and other services), network busy state (e.g., and with resulting policies in force), service activity policy setting vs. busy state and time/day/week, network service activity priority, network service activity usage statistics (e.g., vs. network busy state and/or network service usage control policy state).
In some embodiments, a UI notification is displayed when user attempts a network capacity controlled service activity during a network busy state (e.g., that modifies a network capacity controlled services policy). In some embodiments, the UI notification includes information on service plan choice and a network capacity controlled services policy over-ride option (e.g., one time, time window, usage amount, permanent by activity, and/or all), charging information based on a user selection, and/or service plan upgrade information and options.
In some embodiments, a UI notification is displayed for user input for preferences/configurations for multiple networks (e.g., Wi-Fi, 4G, 3G, and/or other wired or wireless access networks) including charging policy. In some embodiments, a UI notification is displayed when a specified network traffic service usage activity (e.g., based on network capacity controlled services classification, QoS classification, priority classification, time based criteria, network capacity, service plan, charging criteria, and/or other criteria/measures) is being attempted or is occurring and providing options (e.g., allow, block, delay, throttle, and/or other options).
In some embodiments, a UI fuel gauge is displayed (e.g., to depict current and/or historical network service usage, for example, relative to a service plan for the device, by network, relative to network busy state, time based criteria, and/or other criteria/measures). In some embodiments, a user notification includes a communication sent to the user (e.g., an email, SMS or other text message, voice message/call, and/or other electronic form of communication). In some embodiments, the communication sent to the user includes network service usage information, network capacity controlled service usage related information, and/or an instruction to log into a web page or send a communication for more information (e.g., regarding an information update and/or alert or warning message, such as related to network service usage and/or charging for network service usage).
In some embodiments, a notification (e.g., a user or network service cloud notification) is generated based on an aggregate service activity reports usage (e.g., allows network provider to generate user notifications and/or to notify application provider/service activity provider). In some embodiments, a notification (e.g., a user or network service cloud notification) is generated based on a publishing of an updated/new network capacity controlled services list based on an aggregate monitored activity (e.g., based on a service plan, velocity, sockets opening frequency/rate (e.g., messaging layer behavior), total data usage, peak busy time usage to formulate or update black list for monitoring, notifying, and/or controlling, which can be applied to one, multiple, group, or all devices). In some embodiments, a notification (e.g., a user or network service cloud notification) is generated based on data usage trends for particular device relative to an associated service plan and/or other comparable devices or data usage thresholds/statistical based data usage measures.
In some embodiments an application is actually composed of several component applications, processes or functions. Examples of this include but are not limited to: the components of a Java application JAR file; applications that use OS functions; applications that use a proxy service function; applications, functions or processes that coordinate with one another to implement a composite process, function or application; and OS process functions that support an application or overall OS function. In such embodiments it is important to be able to categorize all applications, functions and processes on a device that contribute to the service usage of a service activity so that the service activity can be monitored for service usage, have the service usage accounted for, implement the appropriate user notification when one or more service activity components attempts to start or use the network, implement the appropriate user notification when one or more service activity components reaches a pre-determined service usage level that requires user notification, and implement the appropriate background service or network protection service usage controls as specified herein ((including but not limited to for example: block network access, restrict network access, throttle network access, delay network access, aggregate and hold network access, select for time of day network access restrictions, select network type restrictions, select roaming network access restrictions, select service usage restrictions such as a usage limit, select service cost restrictions such as a cost limit or otherwise place on another form of background service status or network usage restriction as described herein). In the case of service activity components that belong exclusively to one aggregate service activity (e.g., an application, application JAR file or OS function), this may be accomplished by including each of the component service activities on a list that identifies the service activity components that belong to the aggregate service activity, and then monitoring, possibly controlling and providing user notifications based on the aggregate or component behavior of each service activity in accordance with the policies specified for the aggregate service activity. For example, it is necessary to group all application launch behavior and/or network access behavior under the monitoring, launch, notification, accounting and background service controls or network protection service controls (or other background or network protection service policies as specified herein) in accordance with the background service or network protection service policies for the aggregate application that the JAR file supports. As another example, if an OS network synch or update function utilizes various software components or processes to implement the network synch or update function, then each of the software components or process must be monitored and aggregated under the background service policies or network protection service policies for the aggregate OS synch or update function.
In some embodiments, this ability to group usage for a related set of service activity components dedicated to an aggregate service activity as described herein is used to improve usage reporting of service activities to a service controller for the purpose of statistically identifying service activities that are candidates for background service policy controls or network protections service policy controls.
In some cases, multiple applications, processes, functions, OS services or other service activities can utilize a common set of component software applications, processes, functions or OS services. In such cases, in order to implement background service policies and/or network protection service policies for service activity monitoring and accounting, service activity launch control, user notification, or network access control as described herein, it is necessary to associate the specific network access data or information flows to and from the common component software applications, processes or functions that belong to the specific initiating application, process, function or other service activity that is to be managed according to a background service or network protection service policy set. In what follows, a specific set of examples is provided on how to map common component service activity for a set of common OS functions referred to as proxy service functions to a specific application, process, function, OS service or other service activity for the purpose of implementing a background service policy set or a network protection service policy set as described herein. Once these examples are reviewed, it will be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art how to apply similar mapping of service activity for a common set of components to a service activity that is to be managed in accordance with a background service policy set or a network protection service policy set as described herein.
In some embodiments, this ability to group usage for a common set of service activity components as described herein is used to improve usage reporting of service activities to a service controller for the purpose of statistically identifying service activities that are candidates for background service policy controls or network protections service policy controls.
In some embodiments, a proxy network service manager refers to an intermediary data flow function in a device operating system that sits on a data path between a device application and a device networking stack interface to provide a level of network service abstraction from the network stack interface, a higher level service function above the network stack interface, enhanced or special traffic processing functions, media service transfer management, file download service, HTTP proxy service functions, QoS differentiation, or other similar or related higher level traffic processing. Example Proxy Service Managers include the following: media service manager (e.g., android media service library function), email service manager, DNS function, software download service manager, media download manager (e.g., audio player, streaming media player, movie downloader, media service OS function, etc.), data download service manager, Android “media” library function, Android.net library function, Jave.net library function, Apache library function, other similar software/library functions or services in other device operating systems, SMTP/IMAP/POP proxy, HTTP proxy, IM proxy, VPN service manager, SSL proxy, etc. Herein these alternative network access data flows that are initiated by an application are termed application proxy service flows. In such embodiments an app can sometimes simply request a network access service activity from an OS component such as a proxy service component rather than directly accessing the network. In such embodiments, in order to implement background service controls or user notification of application service usage, it is necessary to monitor the application proxy service flows, classify them as being initiated by or belonging to a particular application or service activity, and implement the proper background service classifications, user notifications, application process launch intercept, background service accounting, and background service usage restrictions as described herein in accordance with the policies intended for the initiating application or service activity. This is accomplished by inserting service usage monitors that allow a mapping of (i) the initiating application identifier (e.g., app name, app fingerprint, application identification tag, application process number, application credential, or other secure or non-secure application or process identifier) to (ii) the request to the proxy service and subsequently to (iii) the network service flows between the proxy service and the network elements that service the information communications. Once this mapping is accomplished, the service usage flows of the proxy service can then be accounted back to the initiating application, device software process or other service activity, the proper policies can then be applied to each service usage flow for user notification, service activity launch control, service activity background accounting (including variable charge rating dependent on background service state and/or sponsored service charging), service activity background service controls or network usage restrictions as described herein (including but not limited to for example: block network access, restrict network access, throttle network access, delay network access, aggregate and hold network access, select for time of day network access restrictions, select network type restrictions, select roaming network access restrictions, select service usage restrictions such as a usage limit, select service cost restrictions such as a cost limit or otherwise place on another form of background service status or network usage restriction as described herein).
In some embodiments, this ability to track service usage for an service activity through a proxy service as described herein is used to improve usage reporting of service activities to a service controller for the purpose of statistically identifying service activities that are candidates for background service policy controls or network protections service policy controls.
In some embodiments, the various design techniques described herein that allow for monitoring, accounting for and/or implementing service policy for component service activities that belong to an aggregate service activity can be designed into the OS itself. For example, in certain current mobile OS implementations (e.g., Android, iPhone, Blackberry, etc.) there are some applications available in the market that allow a user to get an estimate for how much data a certain subset of applications are consuming on a wireless service provider network, but it is not possible for the user or application to get an indication of the service usage for certain OS functions, whereas the embodiments disclosed herein will allow for this. As another example, in certain current mobile OS implementations it is not possible to associate proxy service usage (e.g., media download and media streaming proxy library software functions) with the specific applications that use the proxy service, so while the user can be informed of generic common OS functions or proxy services (e.g., in the case of Android: “media service,” “media,” “gallery,” “google service framework” and other generic common OS software library functions or proxy services), there is no way for the user to determine what applications widgets or other service activities are actually generating this common service function usage, whereas the invention described herein permits the user full visibility on such usage monitoring examples. Furthermore, if the OS is retrofitted with the intercept and policy implementation functions can be designed into the activity manager, broadcast intent manger, media service manager, service manager, or other application or service activity management function in the Android OS. One or ordinary skill in the art will recognize that similarly, the various design techniques described herein that allow for intercepting a service activity intention to launch, and applying a background service policy set or a network protection service policy set can be designed into application launch management functions in the iPhone OS, Windows mobile OS, Windows PC OS, Blackberry OS, Palm OS, and other OS designs.
FIG. 35 illustrates another flow diagram for device-assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments. At 3323, the process begins. At 3324, determining a network busy state of one or more networks is performed. In some embodiments, the one or more networks are selected from an access network, a wired network, and a wireless network. At 3325, classifying a network service usage activity (e.g., a network capacity controlled service) of a device based on the network busy state determination is performed to facilitate differential network access control for protecting network capacity of the one or more networks. In some embodiments, the network busy state is based on one or more of the following: network performance, network congestion, network availability, network resource availability, network capacity, or any other network service usage measure, and one or more time windows (e.g., time based criteria). In some embodiments, protecting network capacity of the one or more networks includes protecting network capacity of a last edge segment of a wireless network (e.g., RAN, BTS, BTSC, and/or other network elements). In some embodiments, the determining and classifying are performed using device assisted/based techniques. In some embodiments, the determining and classifying are performed using network assisted/based techniques (e.g., implemented on a network element/function, such as a service controller, a DPI gateway, a BTS/BTSC, etc., or a combination of network elements). In some embodiments, the determining and classifying are performed using a combination of device assisted/based techniques and network assisted/based techniques. At 3326, implementing differential traffic controls is performed based on the service usage activity classification for protecting network capacity. At 3327, the process is completed. In some embodiments, a network busy state is determined based on one or more of the following: a time of day, a network reported busy state, and/or a device (e.g., near-end and/or far-end) determined/reported network busy state. In some embodiments, a network busy state is determined using one or more of the following: a network probe, a device query, a network probe report (e.g., including a BTS and/or BTSC), a network probe analysis, a device analysis based on performance of native traffic without probe such as TCP timeout, UDP retransmissions, a multiple network test, a device monitored network congestion based on network service usage activity (e.g., application based network access performance data) performed for a network to which the device is connected and/or one or more alternative networks. In some embodiments, a network congestion state is associated with a network busy state (e.g., a network busy state setting/level). For example, a network congestion level of 40% of network usage can be associated with a network busy state setting of 4, a network congestion level of 80% of network usage can be associated with a network busy state setting of 8, and so forth.
FIG. 36 illustrates another flow diagram for device-assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments. At 3221, the process begins. At 3222, monitoring a network service usage activity of a device in network communication is performed. At 3223, classifying the network service usage activity (e.g., based on a classification of the network service usage activity for protecting network capacity, for example, as a network capacity controlled service) for protecting network capacity is performed. At 3224, accounting for network capacity controlled services (e.g., accounting for the network service usage activity based on a classification of the network service usage activity for protecting network capacity) is performed. At 3225, charging for network capacity controlled services is performed. At 3226, the process is completed. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity further includes classifying the network service usage activity as a network capacity controlled service. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity includes differentially accounting and/or differentially charging for network capacity controlled services and foreground services. In some embodiments, the network service usage control policy includes policies for differentially controlling, accounting, and/or charging for network capacity controlled services (e.g., based on a network busy state, a time based criteria, a service plan, network to which the device or network service usage activity is gaining access from, and/or other criteria/measures). In some embodiments, accounting for network capacity controlled services includes differentially collecting service usage for one or more network capacity controlled service classes in which the accounting is modified/varies (e.g., dynamically) based on one or more of the following: network busy state (e.g., modify/credit accounting during network congestion not satisfying the user preference), network service activity, access network (e.g., the network to which the device/service activity is currently connected), user preference selection, time based criteria (e.g., current time of day/day of week/month), associated service plan, option to time window. In some embodiments, charging for network capacity controlled services includes mapping an accounting to a charging report. In some embodiments, charging for network capacity controlled services includes sending the charging report to a network element (e.g., a service controller, a service cloud, a billing interface/server, and/or another network element/function). In some embodiments, charging for network capacity controlled services includes mediating or arbitrating CDRs/IPDRs for network capacity controlled service(s) vs. other network service usage activities or bulk network service usage activities. In some embodiments, charging for network capacity controlled services includes converting a charging report to a billing record or billing action. In some embodiments, charging for network capacity controlled services includes generating a user notification of network capacity controlled service charges upon request or based a criteria/measure (e.g., a threshold charging level and/or a threshold network service usage level). In some embodiments, charging for network capacity controlled services includes charge by application based on a charging policy (e.g., bill by application according to billing policy rules, such as for billing to a user or to a sponsored service provider, carrier, and/or other entity).
FIG. 37 illustrates another flow diagram for device-assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity includes providing a device service access API that provides an interface for applications, OS functions, and/or other service usage activities to a network access connection (e.g., or stack) for providing differential network access for protecting network capacity. In some embodiments, the differential network access is determined by one or more of the following: a service priority of the service usage activity and a network busy state. At 3328, the process begins. At 3329, a device service access API request is received. At 3330, the device service access API request is responded to. In some embodiments, the differential network access (e.g., for network capacity controlled services and/or based on network busy state and/or other criteria/measures) is implemented by one or more of the following: providing network busy state information to the service usage activity, receiving network busy state information, receiving network capacity demands for the service usage activity, receiving a scheduled time/time slot demand from the service usage activity, receiving and/or providing network location and/or physical location information (e.g., base station, communication channel, cell sector, roaming or non-roaming network to which the device is connected, and/or GPS or other physical location data), providing information to the service usage activity informing it when it is allowed to access the network, providing information to the service usage activity informing it what traffic controls must be applied/implemented, providing information to the service usage activity informing it when the network is available to it for access, and providing information to the service usage activity of its scheduled access time/time slot (e.g., based on one or more of the following: priority, network busy state, and time of day) (e.g., with a specified performance level or service level, such as data transfer size, speed, network capacity controlled service priority level, QoS level, data transfer type, scheduling time(s), and/or network connection parameters), and instructing the device and/or service usage activity to transition to a different state (e.g., power save state, sleep state dormant, idle, wait state, and/or an awake state). At 3331, differential network access is implemented. At 3332, the process is completed. In some embodiments, the device service access API is a programmatic interface, a virtual interface, and/or an emulated interface that provides instructions for differential access to a network to protect network capacity, as described herein.
In some embodiments, the API is served or located on the device, on a network element (e.g., using a secure communication between the device and the network element for the API communication, such as HTTPS, TLS, SSL, an encrypted data connection or SS7 control channel, and/or other well known secure communication techniques), and/or both/partly in both. In some embodiments, a network based API is an API that facilitates an API or other interface communication (e.g., secure communication as discussed above) between an application executing on the device and a network element and/or service cloud for protecting network capacity. For example, a network API can provide an interface for an application to communicate with a service cloud (e.g., network server) for obtaining network access control information (e.g., network busy state, multiple network information based on available networks and/or network busy state information of available networks, network capacity controlled service priorities and availability, scheduled time/time slots for network access based on network busy state, service plan, network capacity controlled service, and/or other criteria/measures). As another example, a network API can facilitate an application provider, central network/service provider, and/or a third party with access to communicate with the application to provide and/or request information (e.g., physical location of the application, network location of the application, network service usage information for the application, network busy state information provided to the application, and/or other criteria/measures). As yet another example, a network API can facilitate a broadcast to one or more applications, OS functions, and/or devices (e.g., partitioned based on geography, network, application, OS function, and/or any other criteria/measure) with network capacity related information (e.g., network busy state, availability based on network capacity controlled service classification and/or priority level, scheduled time/time slots for certain network capacity controlled service classification and/or priority level, emergency/high priority software/antimalware/vulnerability update and scheduled time/time slots for such software updates, and/or other criteria/measures). In some embodiments, the network access API for protecting network capacity is an open API or standard/required API (e.g., required or standardized for applications for a certain network service provider, such as to be provided via the Verizon application store or the Apple AppStore) published for application and OS developers so that the applications and OS functions are designed to understand and implement the network access API for protecting network capacity. For example, a certification program can be established to provide application and OS developers with test specifications, working implementations, and/or criteria to make sure the network access API is properly implemented and is functioning in accordance with the specified requirements. In some embodiments, the network access API is an interface for communication with a service controller (e.g., service controller 122) or another network element/function (e.g., a service usage API for communication with a service usage server or billing interface/server or another network element/function that facilitates a secure communication for sending/receiving or otherwise communicating network access related information for protecting network capacity). In some embodiments, the network API provides for sponsored billing (e.g., reverse billing) of all, classified, and/or a subset of network service usage charges to a sponsored partner associated with the network service usage activity (e.g., application) that accesses the network API. In some embodiments, the network API provides for a sponsored service in which the network service usage activity (e.g., application) that accesses the network API provides a sponsored service partner credential to the network API, the credential is used as a billing mechanism to charge the sponsored partner, the user account is mediated to remove the sponsored partner charge, and the network API provides access service and/or information service (e.g., location information, local information, content information, network information, and/or any other information).
FIG. 38 illustrates another flow diagram for device-assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments. At 3333, the process begins. At 3334, network service usage activities of a device are monitored (e.g., using a verified/verifiable service processor). At 3335, a network busy state (e.g., a measure of network capacity, availability, and/or performance) is determined based on the monitored network service usage activities (e.g., using various techniques as described herein). In some embodiments, a service processor on the device is used to determine (e.g., measure and/or characterize) a network busy state experienced by the device (e.g., which can be used to determine the network access control policy for one or more network capacity controlled services). At 3336, a network busy state report is sent to a network element/function (e.g., a service controller and/or another network element/function as described herein). At 3337, the process is completed. In some embodiments, the service processor is verified using various techniques described herein. In some embodiments, the network busy state report includes one or more of the following: data rate, latency, jitter, bit error rate, packet error rate, number of access attempts, number of access successes, number of access failures, QoS level availability, QoS level performance, and variability in any of the preceding parameters. In some embodiments, the network busy state report includes one or more of the following: base station ID, cell sector ID, CDMA ID, FDMA channel ID, TDMA channel ID, GPS location, and/or physical location to identify the edge network element that is associated with the network busy state report to a network element. In some embodiments, the monitoring of network service usage activities includes measuring the network performance for traffic the device is transmitting/receiving and/or generating network performance testing traffic. In some embodiments, the network busy state is collected (e.g., and/or used to assist, supplement, and/or verify device based network busy state measures) by one or more network elements that can measure and/or report network busy state (e.g., BTS, BTSC, base station monitor, and/or airwave monitor). For example, airwave monitors and/or base station monitors can be provided to facilitate a reliable characterization of network busy state in a coverage area of one or more base stations and/or base station sectors, such as affixed mobile terminals (e.g., trusted terminals that can include additional network busy state monitoring and/or reporting functionality) installed (e.g., temporarily or permanently) in the coverage area of one or more base stations and/or base station sectors (e.g., in which a sector is the combination of a directional antenna and a frequency channel) so that the affixed mobile terminals perform network busy state monitoring and reporting to the service controller, the local base station, and/or other network element(s)/function(s) as similarly described herein. In some embodiments, the permanently affixed mobile terminals provide network monitors for reporting, for example, network busy state, to a central network element, such as the service controller, which can, for example, aggregate such network busy state information to determine network busy state for one or more network coverage areas. In some embodiments, the permanently affixed mobile terminals are always present in these locations where installed and always on (e.g., performing network monitoring), and can be trusted (e.g., the permanently affixed mobile terminals can be loaded with various hardware and/or software credentials). For example, using the permanently affixed mobile terminals, a reliable characterization of network busy state can be provided, which can then be reported to a central network element and aggregated for performing various network busy state related techniques as described herein with respect to various embodiments. In some embodiments, the network element/function uses the network busy state report (e.g., and other network busy state reports from other devices connected to the same network edge element) to determine the network busy state for a network edge element connected to the device. In some embodiments, network element/function sends a busy state report for the network edge element to the device (e.g., and to other devices connected to the same network edge element), which the device can then use to implement differential network access control policies (e.g., for network capacity controlled services) based on the network busy state. In some embodiments, a network busy state is provided by a network element (e.g., service controller or service cloud) and broadcast to the device (e.g., securely communicated to the service processor).
FIG. 39 illustrates a network capacity controlled services priority level chart for device-assisted services (DAS) for protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, various applications, OS functions, and/or other utilities/tools installed/loaded onto and/or launched/executing/active on a communications device (e.g., device 100) are classified as network capacity controlled services for protecting network capacity. In some embodiments, one or more of the network capacity controlled services are assigned or classified with network capacity controlled service levels or priority levels for protecting network capacity. In some embodiments, one or more of the network capacity controlled services are dynamically assigned or classified with network capacity controlled service levels or priority levels based on one or more criteria/measures (e.g., dynamic criteria/measures), such as network busy state, current access network, time based criteria, an associated service plan, and/or other criteria/measures. In some embodiments, a higher priority level means that the application or utility/function is granted higher relative priority for network access (e.g., a priority level 10 can provide for guaranteed network access and a priority level 0 can provide a blocked network access, while priority levels between 1 through 9 can provide relatively increasing prioritized network access potentially relative to allocated network access and other services requesting network access).
As shown in FIG. 39, the network capacity controlled services are dynamically assigned or classified with network capacity controlled service levels or priority levels based on the network busy state of the current access network. For example, an email application, Microsoft Outlook, is assigned different priority levels for protecting network capacity based on the network busy state, as shown: a priority level 6 for a network busy state (NBS) level of 10% (e.g., up to about 10% of the network capacity is being utilized based on current or recently/last measured/detected/determined network capacity/resources usage using various techniques as described herein), a priority level 5 for a network busy state (NBS) level of 25%, a priority level 4 for a network busy state (NBS) level of 50%, a priority level 3 for a network busy state (NBS) level of 75%, and a priority level 2 for a network busy state (NBS) level of 90%. As also shown, an antivirus (AV) software update application/utility/function is assigned different priority levels for protecting network capacity based on the network busy state: a priority level 9 for a network busy state (NBS) level of 10%, a priority level 7 for a network busy state (NBS) level of 25%, a priority level 5 for a network busy state (NBS) level of 50%, a priority level 3 for a network busy state (NBS) level of 75%, and a priority level 1 for a network busy state (NBS) level of 90%. Various other applications and utilities/functions are shown with various priority level assignments/classifications based on the network busy state levels shown in the network capacity controlled services priority level chart of FIG. 39. As will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, various assignments and/or techniques for dynamically assigning priority levels for network access based on network busy state levels can be applied for protecting network capacity (e.g., based on user preferences, service plans, access networks, a power state of device, a device usage state, time based criteria, and various other factors such as higher priority for urgent software and/or security updates, such as a high priority security or vulnerability software patch or update, and/or urgent or high priority emails or other communications, such as a 911 VOIP call).
Referring again to FIGS. 1 through 3, DAS for protecting network capacity is implemented using a service processor (e.g., a service processor 115) of the device (e.g., a device 100) using various DAS techniques as described herein to facilitate differential network service access control (e.g., for network capacity controlled services) to assist in protecting network capacity in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the service processor and/or one or more agents of the service processor is/are verified using one or more of the following verification techniques (e.g., and/or to specifically verify monitoring the network service usage activity, classifying one or more service activities into one or more network capacity controlled service classes, associating the one or more network capacity controlled service classes with one or more differential service activity policies, and/or determining a network busy state): compare a network based service usage measure with a service policy and/or service plan associated with the device, compare a device assisted service usage measure with the service policy and/or service plan associated with the device, compare the network based service usage measure to the device assisted service usage measure, compare a first device assisted service usage measure to a second device assisted service usage measure, verify presence of the service processor and/or one or more agents of the service processor, verify configuration of the service processor, verify service usage activities are reported properly (e.g., using test service usages to generate service usage events/reports for analysis and confirmation), verify billing events are reported properly, compare the network based service usage measure with reported device billing data, verify reporting of a test billing event, verify reporting of the communications device reports billing events from a transaction server, verify presence of an activation tracking system, verify device configuration or operation, verify device standing or service plan standing, verify proper operation of the service processor, verify service processor heartbeat response reports, verify monitoring of a test service event, download a new service processor (e.g., and/or one or more agents or new configuration settings of the service processor) and perform integrity checks, verify a service processor code configuration with agent self-diagnosis checks, verify that the communications device uses the first service only after being authorized, verify user standing, verify a network busy state (e.g., compare and/or statistically process network busy state measures from more than one device in which the network busy state monitoring apparatus, for example, is located in a secure execution environment on the device), verify various differential network access control implementations (e.g., network capacity controlled services are properly monitored/determined/detected, controlled, accounted for, and/or charged for), verify various QoS implementations (e.g., as discussed above), and verify an agent communications log. Various other verification techniques are described herein and similar and other verification techniques for providing DAS for protecting network capacity using device based implementations (e.g., service processors and/or other device based agents or software/hardware techniques) will now be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the various embodiments described herein.
In some embodiments, the service processor is secured using various hardware and software techniques described herein, including, for example, implementing all and/or portions of the service processor in a secure virtual machine, protected execution environment, secure storage (e.g., secure memory), secure modem, and/or other secure implementation techniques as described herein and/or other or similar techniques as will now be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the various embodiments described herein. For example, the service processor can be implemented in software and executed in a protected area of an OS executed on the device and/or executed in protected execution partitions (e.g., in CPU, APU, SIM chipset, modem, modem secure execution partition, SIM, other hardware function on the device, and/or any combination of the above).
In some embodiments, a network service usage counter is embedded into a secure execution environment (e.g., a program store in secure non-volatile memory located on a modem card and/or a modem chip not accessible by device applications, secure CPU environment for executing program and/or secure program operation for data path monitoring and/or control that cannot be bypassed by device applications to get to the modem connection to the network) in a device modem (e.g., using measurement points V, VI, and/or other measurement points of FIG. 28). In some embodiments, the service usage counter counts data traffic (e.g., bytes and/or any other measure of service usage, such as file transactions, message transactions, connection time, time of connection or duration of connection, and/or traffic passed or transactions passed for a given QoS or network capacity controlled service priority level), traffic as a function of time, traffic according to a network service activity classification (e.g., by application, destination/source, port, traffic type, content type, time of day, network busy state, and/or any other criteria/measure). In some embodiments, the service usage counter counts data traffic (e.g., as discussed above) while coordinating with a VPN layer established, for example, for both layer-III (e.g., IPSEC) and layer-II (e.g., L2TP tunnel) so that precise over the air service usage measure is counted for billing mediation and/or network service usage charging (e.g., customer billing, sponsored service bill by service and/or any other charging or billing). In some embodiments, the service usage counter counts data traffic (e.g., as discussed above) while coordinating with accelerator software (e.g., a compression/decompression engine) which transforms frames for more efficient over the air transmission. As similarly discussed above, service processor coordination with the accelerator layer facilitates a precise over the air service usage measure for billing mediation and/or network service usage charging. In some embodiments, the service usage counter counts data traffic (e.g., as discussed above) while coordinating with both the VPN layer and accelerator software layer to facilitate a precise over the air service usage measure for billing mediation and/or network service usage charging.
In some embodiments, the service usage counter reports the service usage to a network element (e.g., a service controller, charging gateway, PCRF, AAA, HA, billing system, mediation system, traffic accounting database, base station or base station controller, and/or another network element/function or central network element/function). In some embodiments, the information reported to the network element is encrypted or signed with a corresponding key known by the network element. In some embodiments, the communication link to the network element to pass the service usage count is conducted over a wireless network specific channel such as SMS, MMS, SS-7, or another specialized control channel. In some embodiments, the communications link to the network element to pass the service usage count is conducted over a network channel (e.g., via IP, TCP, UDP, HTTP, HTTPS, TLS, SSL, point to point signed variants of TLS or SSL, or another data network channel via the network control channel connection to the device). In some embodiments, the data network control channel traffic is injected into the PPP stream at the modem. In some embodiments, the data network control channel traffic is passed up to the device networking stack for connection to the network. In some embodiments, a signed or encrypted service usage count from the modem subsystem is coordinated to provide a service usage count for a time period that also corresponds to a similar time period for a service processor heartbeat report that includes a service usage measure or count. For example, this provides the service controller or another network element with a secondary set of information that can be used to verify and/or secure the service usage measures reported by the service processor. Various techniques can be used to synchronize the time period for the modem service usage count and the service processor service usage count. For example, the service processor can request a latest count message from the modem, in which the modem counts all service usage since the previous request for latest count until the present request for latest count, encrypts the latest count message so that the service processor or other application software or OS software on the device cannot decode and/or tamper with the message, and the modem service usage counter then passes the encrypted message to the service processor. The service processor can then pass the encrypted service usage count message from the modem to the service controller along with the service processor service usage accounting message(s) for the same or similar time period. The service controller can then decode both service count messages from the secure modem subsystem and the service processor and correlate the two measures to verify the service usage reporting by, for example, looking for discrepancies that would indicate service usage control or charging errors or device service processor tampering. In some embodiments, the secure modem subsystem records byte counts for streams (e.g., and/or flows, socket connections, or combinations of IP destination/source/ports), potentially along with time of day, network busy state, QoS level, and/or other criteria/measures, and reports these counts for each stream that had traffic activity during the current reporting interval. For example, the service controller can then correlate the stream service usage information with the service usage information provided by the service processor heartbeat service usage report to verify that the service processor service usage report is consistent with the independent measure made in the modem subsystem. In some embodiments, service usage reports (e.g., certified service usage reports) are correlated on the device and/or in the network (e.g., using one or more network elements/functions, such as the service controller).
In some embodiments, a deeper analysis of traffic can be conducted in the modem subsystem service usage count. For example, a layer 7 analysis of the service usage can be conducted for HTTP or HTTPS traffic flowing through the modem in which the modem subsystem service usage counter performs an HTTP level analysis of the traffic to associate web traffic gets and other transfers with a given higher level service classification (e.g., ad server, content server, proxy server, and/or traffic that is referred by the local host serving up a web page). In some embodiments, the modem subsystem service usage count can be augmented for HTTPS, SSL or TLS traffic by including a trusted proxy server embedded in the modem system. For example, the proxy server can be trusted by the device stack so that the encryption keys for HTTPS, TLS or SSL are known by the proxy server allowing the modem based proxy server, located, for example, in a secure execution environment, to perform layer 7 analysis of encrypted traffic in a manner similar to that described above. In some embodiments, the embedded proxy server generates server SSL certificates for each connection to a specific remote host in real time based on a root certificate trusted by the device (e.g., and/or by network service usage activity, such as by application) and also trusted by the embedded proxy server, and the proxy server then becomes a middle man emulating a remote SSL host on one side and emulating the device (e.g., and/or network service usage activity, such as application) on the other side, decrypting the traffic, analyzing it and re-encrypting before forwarding to and from the remote host. Similarly, as in the case of layer 3 and 4 traffic analysis performed by the modem service usage counting subsystem, the layer 7 service usage count messages can be encrypted and passed to the service controller via various channels. In some embodiments, the layer 7 modem subsystem service usage counting system records service usage counts for a reporting time period that is similar to the reporting time period used by the service processor so that the service controller can correlate the service processor accounting messages against the modem accounting messages with layer 7 information.
In some embodiments, the secure service usage reporting system elements are located in a secure execution environment that includes the modem driver. In some embodiments, all traffic that gets to the modem for the network traffic being controlled or accounted for is required to go through the secure modem driver so that an independent count can be generated and reported to the service controller as described above without the need to embed the secure service usage counting and reporting elements in the modem.
In some embodiments, the secure service usage reporting system elements are located in a secure execution environment that includes the modem driver and modem hardware interface controller driver (e.g., USB controller for 2/3/4G and SDIO controller for Wi-Fi). In some embodiments, all traffic that gets to the modem for the network traffic being controlled or accounted for is required to go through the secure modem driver and modem hardware interface controller driver (e.g., USB controller for 2/3/4G and SDIO controller for Wi-Fi) so that precise count can be generated by either the modem driver and/or modem hardware interface controller driver (e.g., USB controller for 2/3/4G and SDIO controller for Wi-Fi) and passed to the secure service usage reporting element to send it to the service controller for customer charging/billing. This scheme provides flexibility (e.g., most of the device software and operation system and its services/applications need not be located/executed in the secure execution environment) while ensuring usage counting to occur securely as it pertains to the customer accounting and billing.
In some embodiments, the layer 7 proxy server traffic accounting and reporting techniques used for processing HTTPS, TLS, and SSL traffic, as discussed above, are also used in the service processor itself to allow a detailed accounting of encrypted layer 7 traffic by the device. In some embodiments, the information thus obtained is filtered so that private user information is not transmitted to the network (e.g., service controller, PCRF, and/or any other network element/function) but only service usage information sufficient to allow for accounting of service plan usage, to verify service control policy implementation, or to verify service charging policy implementation is transmitted to the network (e.g., service controller, PCRF, and/or any other network element/function). In some embodiments, the layer 7 proxy server for processing secure or in the clear device service usage accounting messages is located in secure hardware execution environments in the device application processor or within secure software partitions in the operating system.
Various techniques can be used to verify and/or secure service usage controls or service usage charging reports. For example, if the secondary service usage reports indicate that service usage is outside of the service usage policy limits that are intended to be in effect (e.g., based on a service plan and/or service policy associated with the device), then the service controller can indicate an error flag for further analysis and action (e.g., implementing various verification and responsive actions as described herein, such as blocking the activity, throttling the activity, quarantining the device, updating/replacing the service processor, and/or monitoring the device using various additional DAS and/or network assisted monitoring techniques). As another example, if the service usage reports from the service processor do not match up with the secondary service usage reports, then the service controller can indicate an error flag for further analysis and action. For example, the correlation can be based on bulk measures of service usage (e.g., total bytes over a given period of time), or using finer grain measures of service usage (e.g., verifying the accounting between one group of service usage activities, such as application, destination/source, port, content type, time of day, network busy state, QoS level, and/or other criteria/measures) charged to one service plan charging record versus the accounting for another group of service usage activities charged to another service plan charging record. In some embodiments, the correlation process between the two service usage accounting reports is performed continuously on all device traffic in real time or near real time as the usage accounting reports are received. In some embodiments, the usage accounting reports are stored and analyzed or correlated later (e.g., periodically, based on a request or audit, and/or based on certain events, such as threshold network service usage events and/or any other events based on various criteria/measures). In some embodiments, only an audit of a portion of time is used to correlate the two usage accounting reports, which, for example, can reduce network traffic and/or network processing load in the service controller.
In some embodiments, correlation techniques are applied by the service controller to compare two different service usage measures as described above based on one or more of the following: total amount of data (e.g., bytes for file transfers, sessions, and/or other measures), amount of data per unit time, total number of accesses, number of accesses per unit time or frequency of accesses, accesses during a time interval (e.g., peak time), accesses during a network busy state, access requests, and individual versus group transmissions at a point in time (e.g., each for a given set of destinations or destinations and traffic types).
In some embodiments, service usage monitoring includes characterizing service usage activities by streams, flows, destination/port, packet inspection, and/or other criteria/measures using the various techniques as described herein and/or other or similar techniques as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. In some embodiments, service usage monitoring includes characterizing service usage activities by streams, flows, destination/port, packet inspection, and/or other criteria/measures and then correlating to find network service usage behavior patterns that identify likely association of behavior with one or more service activities being managed.
In some embodiments, DAS for network capacity control includes classifying traffic to determine which network service usage activity(ies) are causing traffic (e.g., increasing network capacity/resources usage beyond a threshold), and then determining if access network service usage activity(ies) are violating any rules (e.g., service usage policies or service plan settings associated with the device/user). In some embodiments, DAS for network capacity control includes generating a list for network capacity controlled services that specifies behavioral characteristics for one or more network service usage activities with expected access limits based on access control policy for each managed network service usage activity (e.g., based on service usage policies or service plan settings associated with the device/user). In some embodiments, DAS for network capacity control includes monitoring and/or controlling network service usage activities based on limits, which, for example, can be based on one or more of the following: total access traffic counters, counters for different types of access traffic, destinations, ports, frequency of accesses, access behavior during a given time, access behavior during a given busy state, access behavior for groups of activities (e.g., verify clumping), and/or other criteria/measures.
Accordingly, in some embodiments, a second secure and trusted service usage measure is provided that the service controller (e.g., or another network element/function) can use to verify or secure the service control or service charging reports for the service processor. In some embodiments, the secure and trusted service usage measure also provides for enhanced verification and service security in cases, in which, for example, network based service usage measures are available for additional correlation with the service processor service usage reports. In cases in which network based service usage measures are either not available or are only available at widely spaced time intervals (e.g., roaming networks or other networks with no timely network based service usage measure), these techniques facilitate real time or near real time verification or security for the device assisted service controls and charging.
In some embodiments, a SIM card performs a portion or all of the secure environment processing described above, with the device modem traffic, or a copy of the device modem traffic, being directed to the SIM secure subsystem for traffic accounting and reporting. In some embodiments, a SIM card is used to store QoS classifications and/or network capacity controlled services classifications for various service usage activities so that the user behavior in using certain network service usage activities and/or the user preferences in controlling certain network service usage activities do not need to be relearned or redownloaded as the user swaps the SIM between different devices. In some embodiments, the SIM keeps a local record of service usage activity for multiple devices that belong to the user or the user family plan, so that the service usage notification and policies can be immediately updated on a given device as the user swaps the SIM from device to device. In some embodiments, the manner in which this service usage history is stored on the SIM is secure so that it cannot be tampered with. In some embodiments, the SIM card is used to implement various application management and/or traffic control techniques described herein. In some embodiments, the SIM card is used to inspect traffic, classify traffic, create reports (e.g., certified service activity usage reports), encrypt the report, send the report to a network element/function, and the network element/function correlates the reports (e.g., using network assisted measures for comparisons and/or using various other techniques as described herein). In some embodiments, a SIM card performs a portion or all of the secure environment processing described above using one or more modem measurement points. For example, the traffic that is to be classified can be routed through the SIM and correlated with what is measured by the modem. In some embodiments, network assisted/based network service usage activity classifications are compared SIM based/assisted classifications for service usage monitoring/reporting verification (e.g., detected inconsistencies in monitored/reported network service usage activities can be identified, such as based on total traffic, streams/flows/sockets activities, and/or other criteria/measures). In some embodiments, the reports include a verified sequence so that reports cannot be spoofed and/or missing reports can be determined.
In some embodiments, a portion or all of the secure environment processing described above are applied to implement and/or verify QoS for DAS techniques and/or DAS for network capacity controlled services techniques as described herein.
In some embodiments, the reports include one or more of the following: a number of times the device is cycled from or to a power cycle state in the modem, a number of times during a time window or network busy state, a power cycle versus number of streams initiated during the cycle, and a power cycle versus the streams that are transmitted during that cycle, In some embodiments, device power cycle events trigger generating of a report.
In some embodiments, monitoring, reporting, control, accounting, charging, and/or policy implementation for network capacity controlled services is verified (e.g., using various verification techniques described herein). If any of the verification techniques determine or assist in determining that the network capacity controlled services monitoring, reporting, control, accounting, and/or charging, and/or policy implementation has been tampered with, disabled, and/or is not properly implemented or functioning, then responsive actions can be performed, for example, the device (e.g., and/or suspect services) can be suspended, quarantined, killed/terminated, and/or flagged for further analysis/scrutiny to determine whether the device is malfunctioning, needs updating, has been tampered with or compromised, is infected with malware, and/or if any other problem exists.
In some embodiments, the service processor monitors a network service usage activity of a device. In some embodiments, monitoring of the service usage activity includes monitoring for multiple networks (e.g., to determine which networks are available and/or a network busy state of the available networks). In some embodiments monitoring a network service usage activity is performed by and/or assisted by a service cloud (e.g., one or more network elements that provide such a service). In some embodiments, monitoring the network service usage activity includes identifying the network service usage activity, measuring the network service usage of the network service usage activity, and/or characterizing the network service usage of the network service usage activity (e.g., using device assisted/based techniques, network assisted/based techniques, testing/offline monitoring/analysis techniques, and/or a combination thereof).
In some embodiments, the service processor implements differential network access service control (e.g., for network capacity controlled services), network service usage accounting, network service usage charging, and/or network service usage notification on the device to facilitate DAS for protecting network capacity.
In some embodiments, the service processor (e.g., a service processor 115) is updated, communicated with, set, and/or controlled by a network element (e.g., a service controller 122). In some embodiments, the service processor receives service policy information from a network function selected from a base station (e.g., a base station 125), a RAN gateway, a core gateway, a DPI gateway, a home agent (HA), a AAA server (e.g., AAA server 121), a service controller, and/or another network function or combinations of network functions as described herein and/or as will now be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the various embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, the service processor is updated through over the air or over the network OS software updates or application software updates or device firmware updates. In some embodiments, the service processor uses an IP connection, SMS connection, and/or MMS connection, for a control channel with a service controller. In some embodiments, the service processor queries a service controller to determine the association of a monitored network service usage activity with a network service usage control policy. In some embodiments, the device (e.g., service processor) maintains a network capacity controlled services list and/or network capacity controlled services policy for one or more of the active services (e.g., actively executing and/or previously installed/downloaded to the device) that have been classified as a network capacity controlled service (e.g., as the number of applications continues to grow, as hundreds of thousands of applications are already available on certain platforms, maintaining a list specific and/or a set of policies unique or specific to each application is not efficient). In this embodiment, when a new application is active/launched and/or downloaded to the device, the device can request an updated network capacity controlled services list and/or an updated network capacity controlled services policy accordingly (e.g., and/or periodically refresh such lists/policies).
In some embodiments, differential network access control for protecting network capacity includes controlling network services traffic generated by the device (e.g., network capacity controlled services based on a network service usage control policy (e.g., a network capacity controlled services policy). In some embodiments, differential network access control for protecting network capacity includes providing assistance in control of the distribution of bandwidth among devices, network capacity controlled services (e.g., applications, OS operations/functions, and various other network services usage activities classified as network capacity controlled services), a differentiated QoS service offering, a fair sharing of capacity, a high user load network performance, and/or preventing one or more devices from consuming so much network capacity that other devices cannot receive adequate performance or performance in accordance with various threshold and/or guaranteed service levels. In some embodiments, differential network access control for protecting network capacity includes applying policies to determine which network the service activity should be connected to (e.g., 2G, 3G, 4G, home or roaming, Wi-Fi, cable, DSL, fiber, wired WAN, and/or another wired or wireless or access network), and applying differential network access control rules (e.g., traffic control rules) depending on which network to which the service activity is connected. In some embodiments, differential network access control for protecting network capacity includes differentially controlling network service usage activities based on the service usage control policy and a user input (e.g., a user selection or user preference). In some embodiments, differential network access control for protecting network capacity includes differentially controlling network service usage activities based on the service usage control policy and the network the device or network service activity is gaining access from.
In some embodiments, the network service usage control policy is dynamic based on one or more of the following: a network busy state, a time of day, which network the service activity is connected to, which base station or communication channel the service activity is connected to, a user input, a user preference selection, an associated service plan, a service plan change, an application behavior, a messaging layer behavior, random back off, a power state of device, a device usage state, a time based criteria (e.g., time/day/week/month, hold/delay/defer for future time slot, hold/delay/defer for scheduled time slot, and/or hold/delay/defer until a busy state/availability state/QoS state is achieved), monitoring of user interaction with the service activity, monitoring of user interaction with the device, the state of UI priority for the service activity, monitoring the power consumption behavior of the service activity, modem power cycling or power control state changes, modem communication session set up or tear down, and/or a policy update/modification/change from the network. In some embodiments, the network service usage control policy is based on updated service usage behavior analysis of the network service usage activity. In some embodiments, the network service usage control policy is based on updated activity behavior response to a network capacity controlled service classification. In some embodiments, the network service usage control policy is based on updated user input/preferences (e.g., related to policies/controls for network capacity controlled services). In some embodiments, the network service usage control policy is based on updates to service plan status. In some embodiments, the network service usage control policy is based on updates to service plan policies. In some embodiments, the network service usage control policy is based on availability of alternative networks. In some embodiments, the network service usage control policy is based on policy rules for selecting alternative networks. In some embodiments, the network service usage control policy is based on network busy state or availability state for alternative networks. In some embodiments, the network service usage control policy is based on specific network selection or preference policies for a given network service activity or set of network service activities.
In some embodiments, associating the network service usage activity with a network service usage control policy or a network service usage notification policy, includes dynamically associating based on one or more of the following: a network busy state, a time of day, a user input/preference, an associated service plan (e.g., 25 MB data plan, 5G data plan, or an unlimited data plan or other data/service usage plan), an application behavior, a messaging layer behavior, a power state of device, a device usage state, a time based criteria, availability of alternative networks, and a set of policy rules for selecting and/or controlling traffic on one or more of the alternative networks.
In some embodiments, a network service usage control policy (e.g., a network capacity controlled services policy) includes defining the network service usage control policy for one or more service plans, defining network access policy rules for one or more devices or groups of devices in a single or multi-user scenarios such as family and enterprise plans, defining network access policy rules for one or more users or groups of users, allowing or disallowing network access events or attempts, modulating the number of network access events or attempts, aggregating network access events or attempts into a group of access events or attempts, time windowing network access events or attempts, time windowing network access events or attempts based on the application or function being served by the network access events or attempts, time windowing network access events or attempts to pre-determined time windows, time windowing network access events or attempts to time windows where a measure of network busy state is within a range, assigning the allowable types of access events or attempts, assigning the allowable functions or applications that are allowed network access events or attempts, assigning the priority of one or more network access events or attempts, defining the allowable duration of network access events or attempts, defining the allowable speed of network access events or attempts, defining the allowable network destinations for network access events or attempts, defining the allowable applications for network access events or attempts, defining the QoS rules for one or more network access events or attempts, defining or setting access policy rules for one or more applications, defining or setting access policy rules for one or more network destinations, defining or setting access policy rules for one or more devices, defining or setting access policy rules for one or more network services, defining or setting access policy rules for one or more traffic types, defining or setting access policy rules for one or more QoS classes, and defining or setting access policy rules based on any combination of device, application, network destination, network service, traffic type, QoS class, and/or other criteria/measures.
In some embodiments, a network service usage control policy (e.g., a network capacity controlled services policy) includes a traffic control policy. In some embodiments, the traffic control policy includes a traffic control setting. In some embodiments, the traffic control policy includes a traffic control/tier, and the traffic control/tier includes the traffic control setting. In some embodiments, the traffic control policy includes one or more of the following: block/allow settings, throttle settings, adaptive throttle settings, QoS class settings including packet error rate, jitter and delay settings, queue settings, and tag settings (e.g., for packet tagging certain traffic flows). In some embodiments, QoS class settings include one or more of the following: throttle level, priority queuing relative to other device traffic, time window parameters, and hold or delay while accumulating or aggregating traffic into a larger stream/burst/packet/group of packets. In some embodiments, the traffic control policy includes filters implemented as indexes into different lists of policy settings (e.g., using cascade filtering techniques), in which the policy filters include one or more of the following: a network, a service plan, an application, a time of day, and a network busy state. For example, a two dimensional traffic control implementation scheme can be provided using a network busy state and/or a time of day as an index into a traffic control setting (e.g., a certain application's priority level can be increased or decreased based on a network busy state and/or time of day). In some embodiments, the traffic control policy is used for selecting the network from a list of available networks, blocking or reducing access until a connection is made to an alternative network, and/or modifying or replacing a network stack interface of the device to provide for intercept or discontinuance of network socket interface messages to applications or OS functions.
In some embodiments, a traffic control setting is selected based on the network service usage control policy. In some embodiments, the traffic control setting is implemented on the device based on the network service usage control policy. In some embodiments, the implemented traffic control setting controls traffic/traffic flows of a network capacity controlled service. In some embodiments, the traffic control setting is selected based on one or more of the following: a time of day, a day of week, a special time/date (e.g., a holiday or a network maintenance time/date), a network busy state, a priority level associated with the network service usage activity, a QoS class associated with the network service usage activity (e.g., emergency traffic), which network the network service activity is gaining access from, which networks are available, which network the network service activity is connected to, which base station or communication channel the network service activity is connected to, and a network dependent set of traffic control policies that can vary depending on which network the service activity is gaining access from (e.g., and/or various other criteria/measures as described herein). In some embodiments, the traffic control setting includes one or more of the following: allow/block, delay, throttle, QoS class implementation, queue, tag, generate a user notification, random back off, clear to send received from a network element, hold for scheduled transmission time slot, selecting the network from the available networks, and blocking or reducing access until a connection is made to an alternative network. In some embodiments, the traffic control setting is selected based on a network capacity controlled services priority state of the network service usage activity and a network busy state. In some embodiments, the traffic control setting is selected based on a network capacity controlled services priority state of the network service usage activity and a network busy state and is global (e.g., the same) for all network capacity controlled services activities or varies based on a network service usage activity priority, user preferences or option selection, an application, a time based criteria, a service plan, a network the device or service activity is gaining access from, a redetermination of a network congestion state after adapting to a previously determined network busy state, and/or other criteria/measures as described herein.
In some embodiments, network capacity controlled services traffic (e.g., traffic flows) is differentially controlled for protecting network capacity. For example, various software updates for an OS and one or more applications on the device can be differentially controlled using the various techniques described herein. As another example, security/antimalware software (e.g., antivirus, firewall, content protection, intrusion detection/prevention, and/or other security/antimalware software) can be differentially controlled using the various techniques described herein. As yet another example, network backups/imaging, content downloads (e.g., exceeding a threshold individually and/or in aggregate, such as for image, music, video, eBook content, email attachments, content/media subscriptions, RSS/news feeds, text/image/video chat, software updates, and/or other content downloads) can be differentially controlled using the various techniques described herein.
For example, using the DAS for protecting network capacity techniques described herein an adaptive policy control for protecting network capacity can be provided. A network capacity controlled services list can be generated, updated, reported, and/or received by the device and stored on the device (e.g., the list can be based on adapted to the service plan associated with the device). If a monitored network service usage activity is not on the list, then the device can report the monitored network service usage activity to a network element (e.g., for a monitored network service usage activity that also exceeds a certain threshold, based on a network busy state, based on a time based criteria, and/or other criteria/measure). As an example, monitored network service usage activity can be reported if/when the monitored network service usage activity exceeds a data usage threshold (e.g., 50 MB total data usage per day, a socket opening frequency/rate, velocity of data usage at an instant in time, or more complicated thresholds over time, over peak periods, by content and time, by various other parameters/thresholds). As another example, the monitored network service usage activity can be reported based on testing of the network service usage behavior and/or application developer characterization input. The report can include information that identifies the network service usage activity and various network service usage parameters.
In some embodiments, a notification setting is selected based on a service usage notification policy. In some embodiments, a notification setting includes a user notification setting (e.g., various user notifications settings as described above with respect to FIG. 34).
In some embodiments, classifying the network service usage activity further includes classifying the network service usage activity (e.g., using a usage threshold filter and/or cascading filter techniques) into one or more of a plurality of classification categories for differential network access control for protecting network capacity. In some embodiments, classifying the network service usage activity further includes classifying the network service usage activity into one or more network capacity controlled services in which the network capacity controlled services include one or more of the following: applications requiring data network access, application software updates, applications requiring network information, applications requiring GPS or physical location, operating system software updates, security software updates, network based backups, email downloads, and a set of activities configured as network capacity controlled service activities based on a service profile and/or user input (e.g., and/or various other types of network service usage activities as described herein and as will now be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art). For example, network capacity controlled services can include software updates for OS and applications, OS background network accesses, cloud synchronization services, RSS feeds and other background information feeds, browser/application/device behavior reporting, background email downloads, content subscription service updates and downloads (e.g., music/video downloads, news feeds), text/voice/video chat clients, security updates (e.g., antimalware updates), peer to peer networking application updates, inefficient network access sequences during frequent power cycling or power save state cycling, large downloads or other high bandwidth accesses, and greedy application programs that constantly/repeatedly access the network with small transmissions or requests for information. In some embodiments, a network capacity controlled services list is static, adaptive, generated using a service processor, received from a network element (e.g., service controller or service cloud), received from a network element (e.g., service controller or service cloud) and based at least in part on device activity reports received from the service processor, based on criteria set by pre-testing, report of behavior characterization performed by the application developer, and/or based at least in part on user input. In some embodiments, the network capacity controlled services list includes one or more network service activity background (QoS) classes.
In some embodiments, classifying the network service usage activity further includes classifying the network service usage activity based on one or more of the following: application or widget (e.g., Outlook, Skype, iTunes, Android email, weather channel weather widget, iCal, Firefox Browser, etc.), application type (e.g., user application, system application/utility/function/process, OS application/utility/function/process, email, browser, widget, malware (such as a virus or suspicious process), RSS feed, device synchronization service, download application, network backup/imaging application, voice/video chat, peer to peer content application or other peer to peer application, streaming media feed or broadcast reception/transmission application, network meeting application, chat application or session, and/or any other application or process identification and categorization), OS/system function (e.g., any system application/utility/function/process and/or OS application/utility/function/process, such as a OS update and/or OS error reporting), modem function, network communication function (e.g., network discovery or signaling, EtherType messages, connection flow/stream/session set up or tear down, network authentication or authorization sequences, IP address acquisition, and DNS services), URL and/or domain, destination/source IP address, protocol, traffic type, socket (e.g., IP address, protocol, and/or port), socket address/label/identifier (e.g., port address/port number), content type (e.g., email downloads, email text, video, music, eBooks, widget update streams, and download streams), port (e.g., port number), QoS classification level, time of day, on peak or off peak, network time, network busy state, access network selected, service plan selected, user preferences, device credentials, user credentials, and/or status, modem power cycling or power state changes, modem authentication processes, modem link set up or tear down, modem management communications, modem software or firmware updates, modem power management information, device power state, and modem power state. In some embodiments, classifying the network service usage activity further includes associating the classified network service usage activity with an ID (e.g., an application ID, which can be, for example, a unique number, name, and/or signature). In some embodiments, classifying the network service usage activity further includes classifying the network service usage activity using a plurality of classification parameters, including one or more of the following: application ID, remote IP (e.g., URL, domain, and/or IP address), remote port, protocol, content type, a filter action class (e.g., network busy state class, QoS class, time of day, network busy state, and/or other criteria/measures), and access network selected. In some embodiments, classifying the network service usage activity further includes using a combination of parameters as discussed above to determine the classification of the network service usage activity.
In some embodiments, classifying the network service usage activity further includes classifying the network service usage activity as a network capacity controlled service, a non-network capacity controlled service, a blocked or disallowed service, and/or a not yet classified/identified service (e.g., unknown/yet to be determined classification or pending classification). In some embodiments, an application connection, OS connection, and/or other service activity is classified as a network capacity controlled service activity when the device has been inactive (e.g., or in a power save state) for a period of time (e.g., when the user has not interacted with it for a period of time, when it has not displayed user notification policy, and/or a user input has not been received for a period of time, and/or when a power save state is entered). In some embodiments, an application connection, OS connection, and/or other service activity is classified as a network capacity controlled service activity when the monitored network service usage activity exceeds a data usage threshold for more than one application connection, OS connection, and/or other service activity (e.g., aggregated data usage exceeds the data usage threshold); or for a specific application connection. In some embodiments, an application connection, OS connection, and/or other service activity is classified as a network capacity controlled service activity when the monitored network service usage activity exceeds a data usage threshold based on a predetermined list of one or more data usage limits, based on a list received from a network element, usage time limit (e.g., based on a period of time exceeding a usage limit), and/or based on some other usage related criteria/measures. In some embodiments, classifying the network service usage activity further includes classifying the network service usage activity as a network capacity controlled service based on a network peak time, a network busy state, or a network connection to the device falls below a certain performance level (e.g., higher/lower priorities assigned based on various such criteria/other input/factors).
In some embodiments, one or more of the network capacity controlled services are associated with a different network access policy set for one or more networks and/or one or more alternative networks. In some embodiments, one or more of the network capacity controlled services are associated with a different notification policy set for one or more networks and/or one or more alternative networks. In some embodiments, the network capacity controlled services list is stored on the device. In some embodiments, the network capacity controlled services list is received/periodically updated from a network element and stored on the device. In some embodiments, the network capacity controlled services list includes network capacity controlled services, non-network capacity controlled services (e.g., foreground services or services based on various possibly dynamic criteria are not classified as network capacity controlled services), and an unclassified set of services (e.g., grey list including one or more network service activities pending classification based on further analysis and/or input, such as from a network element, service provider, and/or user). In some embodiments, the network capacity controlled services list is based on one or more of the following: predefined/predesignated (e.g., network, service plan, pre-test and/or characterized by an application developer) criteria; device assisted/based monitoring (e.g., using a service processor); network based monitoring (e.g., using a DPI gateway); network assisted analysis (e.g., based on device reports of DAS activity analysis). For example, the device can report device monitored network service usage activities (e.g., all monitored network service usage activities or a subset based on configuration, threshold, service plan, network, and/or user input) to the network element. As another example, the network element can update the network capacity controlled services list and send the updated list to the device. As yet another example, the network element can perform a statistical analysis of network service activities across a plurality of devices based on the device based and/or network based network service usage activity monitoring/reporting. In some embodiments, a network service usage activity is determined to be an active application or process (e.g., based on a user interaction with the device and/or network service usage activity, such as a pop-up and/or other criteria/measures).
In some embodiments, implementing traffic control for network capacity controlled services is provided using various techniques. In some embodiments, the device includes a service processor agent or function to intercept, block, modify, remove or replace UI messages, notifications or other UI communications generated by a network service activity that whose network service usage is being controlled or managed (e.g., using various measurement points as shown in and described with respect to FIGS. 12 and 13). For example, this technique can be used to provide for an improved user experience (e.g., to prevent an application that is being controlled for protecting network capacity from generating repeated and/or confusing messages/alerts to the user). In some embodiments, a network stack interface of the device is replaced or modified to provide for intercept or discontinuance of network socket interface messages to applications or OS functions or other functions/software.
In some embodiments, implementing traffic control for network capacity controlled services using DAS techniques is provided using various techniques in which the network service usage activity is unaware of network capacity control (e.g., does not support an API or other interface for implementing network capacity control). For example, network service application messaging interface based techniques can be used to implement traffic control. Example network service application messaging interfaces include the following: network stack API, network communication stream/flow interface, network stack API messages, EtherType messages, ARP messages, and/or other messaging or other or similar techniques as will now be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the various embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, network service usage activity control policies or network service activity messages are selected based on the set of traffic control policies or service activity messages that result in reduced or modified user notification by the service activity due to network capacity controlled service policies applied to the network service activity. In some embodiments, network service usage activity control policies or network service activity messages are selected based on the set of traffic control policies or service activity messages that result in reduced disruption of device operation due to network capacity controlled service activity policies applied to the network service activity. In some embodiments, network service usage activity control policies or network service activity messages are selected based on the set of traffic control policies or service activity messages that result in reduced disruption of network service activity operation due to network capacity controlled service activity policies applied to the network service activity. In some embodiments, implementing traffic control for network capacity controlled services is provided by intercepting opens/connects/writes. In some embodiments, implementing traffic control for network capacity controlled services is provided by intercepting stack API level or application messaging layer requests (e.g., socket open/send requests). For example, an intercepted request can be copied (e.g., to memory) and queued (e.g., delayed or throttled) or dropped (e.g., blocked). As another example, an intercepted request can be copied into memory and then a portion of the transmission can be retrieved from memory and reinjected (e.g., throttled). As yet another example, intercepting messaging transmissions can be parsed inline and allowed to transmit (e.g., allowed), and the transmission or a portion of the transmission can be copied to memory for classifying the traffic flow. In some embodiments, implementing traffic control for network capacity controlled services is provided by intercepting or controlling or modulating UI notifications. In some embodiments, implementing traffic control for network capacity controlled services is provided by killing or suspending the network service activity. In some embodiments, implementing traffic control for network capacity controlled services is provided by deprioritizing the process(es) associated with the service activity (e.g., CPU scheduling deprioritization).
In some embodiments, implementing traffic control for network capacity controlled services using DAS techniques for network service usage activities that are unaware of network capacity control is provided by emulating network API messaging (e.g., effectively providing a spoofed or emulated network API). For example, an emulated network API can intercept, modify, block, remove, and/or replace network socket application interface messages and/or EtherType messages (e.g., EWOULDBLOCK, ENETDOWN, ENETUNREACH, EHOSTDOWN, EHOSTUNREACH, EALRADY, EINPROGRESS, ECONNREFUSED, EINPROGRESS, ETIMEDOUT, and/other such messages). As another example, an emulated network API can modify, swap, and/or inject network socket application interface messages (socket( ), connect( ), read( ), write( ), close( ), and other such messages) that provide for control or management of network service activity service usage behavior. As yet another example, before a connection is allowed to be opened (e.g., before a socket is opened), transmission, or a flow/stream is initiated, it is blocked and a message is sent back to the application (e.g., a reset message in response to a sync request or another message that the application will understand and can interpret to indicate that the network access attempt was not allowed/blocked, that the network is not available, and/or to try again later for the requested network access). As yet another example, the socket can be allowed to open but after some point in time (e.g., based on network service usage, network busy state, time based criteria, and/or some other criteria/measure), the stream is blocked or the socket is terminated. As yet another example, time window based traffic control techniques can be implemented (e.g., during non-peak, not network busy state times), such as by allowing network access for a period of time, blocking for a period of time, and then repeating to thereby effectively spread the network access out either randomly or deterministically. Using these techniques, an application that is unaware of network capacity control based traffic control can send and receive standard messaging, and the device can implement traffic controls based on the network capacity control policy using messaging that the network service usage activity (e.g., application or OS or software function) can understand and will respond to in a typically predictable manner as would now be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
In some embodiments, implementing traffic control for network capacity controlled services using DAS techniques is provided using various techniques in which the network service usage activity is aware of network capacity control (e.g., the network service usage activity supports an API or other interface for implementing network capacity control). For example, a network access API as described herein can be used to implement traffic control for network capacity controlled services. In some embodiments, the API facilitates communication of one or more of the following: network access conditions, network busy state or network availability state of one or more networks or alternative networks, one or more network capacity controlled service policies (e.g., the network service can be of a current network access setting, such as allow/block, throttle, queue, scheduled time/time slot, and/or defer, which can be based on, for example, a current network, a current network busy state, a time based criteria, a service plan, a network service classification, and/or other criteria/measures), a network access request from a network service activity, a query/polled request to a network service activity, a network access grant to a network service activity (e.g., including a priority setting and/or network capacity controlled service classification, a scheduled time/time slot, an alternative network, and/or other criteria/measures), a network busy state or a network availability state or a network QoS state.
In some embodiments, implementing traffic control for network capacity controlled services using network assisted/based techniques is provided using various techniques in which the network service usage activity is unaware of network capacity control (e.g., does not support an API or other interface for implementing network capacity control). In some embodiments, DPI based techniques are used to control network capacity controlled services (e.g., to block or throttle network capacity controlled services at a DPI gateway).
In some embodiments, implementing traffic control for network capacity controlled services using network assisted/based techniques is provided using various techniques in which the network service usage activity is aware of network capacity control (e.g., does support an API or other interface for implementing network capacity control). In some embodiments, the application/messaging layer (e.g., a network API as described herein) is used to communicate with a network service activity to provide associated network capacity controlled service classifications and/or priorities, network busy state information or network availability of one or more networks or alternative networks, a network access request and response, and/other criteria/measures as similarly described herein.
In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity includes implementing a service plan for differential charging based on network service usage activities (e.g., including network capacity controlled services). In some embodiments, the service plan includes differential charging for network capacity controlled services. In some embodiments, the service plan includes a cap network service usage for network capacity controlled services. In some embodiments, the service plan includes a notification when the cap is exceeded. In some embodiments, the service plan includes overage charges when the cap is exceeded. In some embodiments, the service plan includes modifying charging based on user input (e.g., user override selection as described herein, in which for example, overage charges are different for network capacity controlled services and/or based on priority levels and/or based on the current access network). In some embodiments, the service plan includes time based criteria restrictions for network capacity controlled services (e.g., time of day restrictions with or without override options). In some embodiments, the service plan includes network busy state based criteria restrictions for network capacity controlled services (e.g., with or without override options). In some embodiments, the service plan provides for network service activity controls to be overridden (e.g., one time, time window, usage amount, or permanent) (e.g., differentially charge for override, differentially cap for override, override with action based UI notification option, and/or override with UI setting). In some embodiments, the service plan includes family plan or multi-user plan (e.g., different network capacity controlled service settings for different users). In some embodiments, the service plan includes multi-device plan (e.g., different network capacity controlled service settings for different devices, such as smart phone v. laptop v. net book v. eBook). In some embodiments, the service plan includes free network capacity controlled service usage for certain times of day, network busy state(s), and/or other criteria/measures. In some embodiments, the service plan includes network dependent charging for network capacity controlled services. In some embodiments, the service plan includes network preference/prioritization for network capacity controlled services. In some embodiments, the service plan includes arbitration billing to bill a carrier partner or sponsored service partner for the access provided to a destination, application, or other network capacity controlled service. In some embodiments, the service plan includes arbitration billing to bill an application developer for the access provided to a destination, application or other network capacity controlled service.
In some application scenarios, excess network capacity demand can be caused by modem power state changes on the device. For example, when an application or OS function attempts to connect to the network for any reason when the modem is in a power save state wherein the modem is not connected to the network, it can cause the modem to change power save state, reconnect to the network, and then initiate the application network connection. In some cases, this can also cause the network to re-initiate a modem connection session (e.g., PPP session) which in addition to the network capacity consumed by the basic modem connection also consumes network resources for establishing the PPP session. Accordingly, in some embodiments, network service usage activity control policies are implemented that limit or control the ability of applications, OS functions, and/or other network service usage activities (e.g., network capacity controlled services) from changing the modem power control state or network connection state. In some embodiments, a service usage activity is prevented or limited from awakening the modem, changing the power state of the modem, or causing the modem to connect to the network until a given time window is reached. In some embodiments, the frequency a service usage activity is allowed to awakening the modem, changing the power state of the modem, or causing the modem is limited. In some embodiments, a network service usage activity is prevented from awakening the modem, changing the power state of the modem, or causing the modem until a time delay has passed. In some embodiments, a network service usage activity is prevented from awakening the modem, changing the power state of the modem, or causing the modem until multiple network service usage activities require such changes in modem state, or until network service usage activity is aggregated to increase network capacity and/or network resource utilization efficiency. In some embodiments, limiting the ability of a network service usage activity to change the power state of a modem includes not allowing the activity to power the modem off, place the modem in sleep mode, or disconnect the modem from the network. In some embodiments, these limitations on network service usage activity to awaken the modem, change the power state of the modem, or cause the modem to connect to a network are set by a central network function (e.g., a service controller or other network element/function) policy communication to the modem. In some embodiments, these power control state policies are updated by the central network function.
FIG. 40 depicts a diagram of a network capacity protection system 2400 utilizing device-assisted services (DAS). The system 2400 includes wireless devices 100A to 100N (referred to collectively as the wireless devices 100), wireless networks 200A to 200N (referred to collectively as the wireless networks 200), a network traffic analysis engine 2306, a network service usage classification engine 2308, and a differential network access control engine 2310.
The wireless devices 100 will at a minimum include a processor, memory (though the memory could be implemented in the processor), a radio, and a radio interface (though the radio interface could be implemented as “part of” the radio). In order to make the wireless devices 100 useful, they will typically have at least one input device and at least one output device, including input and output interfaces, if applicable.
The wireless devices 100 can be implemented as stations. A station, as used herein, may be referred to as a device with a media access control (MAC) address and a physical layer (PHY) interface to the wireless medium that comply with, e.g., the IEEE 802.11 standard. A station can be described as “IEEE 802.11-compliant” when compliance with the IEEE 802.11 standard is intended to be explicit. (I.e., a device acts as described in at least a portion of the IEEE 802.11 standard.) One of ordinary skill in the relevant art would understand what the IEEE 802.11 standard comprises today and that the IEEE 802.11 standard can change over time, and would be expected to apply techniques described in this paper in compliance with future versions of the IEEE 802.11 standard if an applicable change is made. IEEE Std. 802.11TM-2007 (Revision of IEEE Std. 802.11-1999) is incorporated by reference. IEEE 802.11k-2008, IEEE 802.11n-2009, IEEE 802.11p-2010, IEEE 802.11r-2008, IEEE 802.11w-2009, and IEEE 802.11y-2008 are also incorporated by reference.
In alternative embodiments, one or more of the wireless devices 100 may comply with some other standard or no standard at all, and may have different interfaces to a wireless or other medium. It should be noted that not all standards refer to wireless devices as “stations,” but where the term is used in this paper, it should be understood that an analogous unit will be present on all applicable wireless networks. Thus, use of the term “station” should not be construed as limiting the scope of an embodiment that describes wireless devices as stations to a standard that explicitly uses the term, unless such a limitation is appropriate in the context of the discussion.
The wireless networks 200 will typically include an internetworking unit (IWU) that interconnects wireless devices on the relevant one of the wireless networks 200 with another network, such as a wired LAN. The IWU is sometimes referred to as a wireless access point (WAP). In the IEEE 802.11 standard, a WAP is also defined as a station. Thus, a station can be a non-WAP station or a WAP station. In a cellular network, the WAP is often referred to as a base station.
The wireless networks 200 can be implemented using any applicable technology, which can differ by network type or in other ways. The wireless networks 200 can be of any appropriate size (e.g., metropolitan area network (MAN), personal area network (PAN), etc.). Broadband wireless MANs may or may not be compliant with IEEE 802.16, which is incorporated by reference. Wireless PANs may or may not be compliant with IEEE 802.15, which is incorporated by reference. The wireless networks 200 can be identifiable by network type (e.g., 2G, 3G, Wi-Fi), service provider, WAP/base station identifier (e.g., Wi-Fi SSID, base station and sector ID), geographic location, or other identification criteria.
The wireless networks 200 may or may not be coupled together via an intermediate network. The intermediate network can include practically any type of communications network, such as, by way of example but not limitation, the Internet, a public switched telephone network (PSTN), or an infrastructure network (e.g., private LAN). The term “Internet” as used herein refers to a network of networks which uses certain protocols, such as the TCP/IP protocol, and possibly other protocols such as the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) for hypertext markup language (HTML) documents that make up the World Wide Web (the web).
In the example of FIG. 40, the network traffic analysis engine 2306 is coupled to the wireless device 100A. In a specific implementation, the network traffic analysis engine 2306 is implemented on a server and is coupled to the wireless device 100A through the Internet. However, at least a portion of the network traffic analysis engine 2306 can alternatively be implemented on the wireless device 100A, with or without a connection to a server that includes another portion (e.g., a server portion) of the network traffic analysis engine 2306.
As used in this paper, an engine includes a dedicated or shared processor and, typically, firmware or software modules that are executed by the processor. Depending upon implementation-specific or other considerations, an engine can be centralized or its functionality distributed. An engine can include special purpose hardware, firmware, or software embodied in a computer-readable medium for execution by the processor. As used in this paper, a computer-readable medium is intended to include all mediums that are statutory (e.g., in the United States, under 35 U.S.C. 101), and to specifically exclude all mediums that are non-statutory in nature to the extent that the exclusion is necessary for a claim that includes the computer-readable medium to be valid. Known statutory computer-readable mediums include hardware (e.g., registers, random access memory (RAM), non-volatile (NV) storage, to name a few), but may or may not be limited to hardware.
The network traffic analysis engine 2306 analyzes a subset of traffic between the wireless device 100A and a source or destination. The analyzed traffic may or may not be limited to a network segment, such as between a cellular phone and a base station. The network traffic analysis engine 2306 can analyze traffic for a subset of devices in the wireless network 200A service area. The analyzed traffic may or may not be limited to subscribers.
In the example of FIG. 40, the network service usage classification engine 2308 is coupled to the network traffic analysis engine 2306. In a specific implementation, the network service usage classification engine 2308 is implemented on a server, which may or may not be the same server on which the network traffic analysis engine 2306 is implemented. However, at least a portion of the network service usage classification engine 2308 can alternatively be implemented on the wireless device 100A, with or without a connection to a server that includes another portion (e.g., a server portion) of the network service usage classification engine 2308.
The network service usage classification engine 2308 can categorize traffic based upon the service class (e.g., conversational, streaming, interactive, background, or some other service class) requested or needed for a service. The categorization facilitates identification of a snapshot of service class use at a given time, and, in some implementations, predictions of future service class use based upon the snapshot (e.g., making an assumption that future service class use is at least somewhat related to service class use of the snapshot), historical data analysis (e.g., service class usage at certain times of day/days of the week), identification of trends, or the use of some other predictive technology.
In the example of FIG. 40, the differential network access control engine 2310 is coupled to the network service usage classification engine 2308. In a specific implementation, the network access control engine 2310 is implemented on a server, which may or may not be the same server on which the network traffic analysis engine 2306 and/or the network service usage classification engine 2308 are implemented. However, at least a portion of the network access control engine 2310 can alternatively be implemented on the wireless device 200A, with or without a connection to a server that includes another portion (e.g., a server portion) of the network access control engine 2310.
The differential network access control engine 2310 uses the predicted service class use from the network service usage classification engine 2308 to dynamically adjust resources allocated to service classes. For example, the differential network access control engine 2310 can perform a service class availability assessment to determine whether service class capacity for service classes on a channel is sufficient for predicted service usage, and either add resources if service class availability is insufficient for predicted service usage or reduce resources if service class availability is more than sufficient for predicted service usage.
Alternatively, the differential network access control engine 2310 can instead or in addition control applications on devices such that the applications change service usage levels or delay consumption of wireless resources (e.g., by delaying software updates until more resources become available). In an embodiment, a service usage control policy is implemented on the wireless device 100A. This may be necessary in some cases to ensure the wireless device 100A can adjust application settings that are normally fixed, optimize network service usage activation based on network state (e.g., if the network is busy), control over-the-air software updates, throttle resource-hungry applications, manage network service usage requests from repeated power down modes, keep PPP sessions active, or otherwise facilitate dynamic service class adjustments or other device behavior.
In a specific implementation, subscribers can be incented to change service classes by, for example, charging more for higher service classes. The differential network access control engine 2310 can send a notification of differential charges for service classes. Alternatively, the charges could be implemented via subscriber account settings or preferences.
In the example of FIG. 40, in operation, the network traffic analysis engine 2306 analyzes traffic from one or more devices, including the wireless device 100A. The network service usage classification engine 2308 predicts the amount of resources needed for service classes, and the differential network access control engine 2310 dynamically allocates resources on an as-needed basis to adjust the service classes that are available to the one or more devices and/or adjusts device behavior for a subset of the one or more devices or instructs a subset of the one or more devices to adjust device behavior such that the device consumes service class-specific resources in accordance with an access control policy appropriate for the resources allocated to the applicable service classes.
FIG. 41 depicts a diagram an example of a differential access control notification system 2500. In the example of FIG. 41, the system 2500 includes a network service usage analysis engine 2307, a network service usage classification engine 2308, a differential network access control engine 2310, a network service usage control policy datastore 2311, a network service usage notification engine 2309, a user interface 101, and a service plan update engine 2312.
In the example of FIG. 41, the network service usage analysis engine 2307 analyzes network service usage activity. The analysis can include an analysis of traffic sent to or from a device, an application running on a device, a request for services, or other analysis that is informative of past, current, or future network service usage. For example, the network service usage activity can include an attempt to download or load an application onto the communications device, an attempt to execute the network service activity or the network service usage activity attempts to access the network, meeting or exceeding a network service usage threshold, satisfying a network service usage pre-condition, an update to a network capacity controlled service activity classification list, an update to a network capacity controlled services policy, and a network message is sent to the device triggering the notification, to name several by way of example. The analysis can occur on a non-WAP station, a WAP or base station, a server, or partly on one of these devices or some other device.
In the example of FIG. 41, the network service usage classification engine 2308 is coupled to the network service usage analysis engine 2307. The network service usage classification engine 2308 classifies the analyzed network service usage into one or more service classes. The classification can occur on a non-WAP station, a WAP or base station, a server, or partly on one of these devices or some other device.
In the example of FIG. 41, the differential network access control engine 2310 is coupled to the network service usage classification engine 2308. The differential network access control engine 2310 determines network access parameters using the service classes associated with the network service usage activity and network service usage control policies stored in the network service usage control policy datastore 2311. The determination can occur on a non-WAP station, a WAP or base station, a server, or partly on one of these devices or some other device. The network service usage control policy datastore 2311 can be implemented on a wireless device, but it is also possible to maintain the datastore remotely relative to the device (e.g., on a server). In a specific implementation, even if the network service usage control policy datastore 2311 is maintained remotely relative to the wireless device, the wireless device will still have a network service usage control policy implemented.
A datastore can be implemented, for example, as software embodied in a physical computer-readable medium on a general- or specific-purpose machine, in firmware, in hardware, in a combination thereof, or in an applicable known or convenient device or system. Datastores in this paper are intended to include any organization of data, including tables, comma-separated values (CSV) files, traditional databases (e.g., SQL), or other applicable known or convenient organizational formats. Datastore-associated components, such as database interfaces, can be considered “part of” a datastore, part of some other system component, or a combination thereof, though the physical location and other characteristics of datastore-associated components is not critical for an understanding of the techniques described in this paper.
Datastores can include data structures. As used in this paper, a data structure is associated with a particular way of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently within a given context. Data structures are generally based on the ability of a computer to fetch and store data at any place in its memory, specified by an address, a bit string that can be itself stored in memory and manipulated by the program. Thus some data structures are based on computing the addresses of data items with arithmetic operations; while other data structures are based on storing addresses of data items within the structure itself. Many data structures use both principles, sometimes combined in non-trivial ways. The implementation of a data structure usually entails writing a set of procedures that create and manipulate instances of that structure.
In the example of FIG. 41, the network service usage notification engine 2309 is coupled to the differential network access control engine 2310 and the network service usage control policy datastore 2311. The network service usage notification engine 2309 is configured to generate a notification sufficient to indicate relevant access control information. For example, the notification could indicate what network service usage activities are network capacity controlled services, the type of network service policy in effect for one or more network capacity controlled services, that a network service activity belongs to a network capacity controlled services classification, that a service activity that is classified as network capacity controlled services classification can have the classification changed, that if the service class is changed for the network service activity that the associated network service usage charges will change, a service plan upgrade/downgrade offer, and an offer for a service plan that provides discounts and/or incentives for responding to one or more user notifications for protecting network capacity, to name several by way of example.
The notification may or may not also include a user preference selection. For example, the notification could include a provision to associate a network service usage control policy with the network service usage activity, an over-ride option for selecting the network service usage control policy, a modify option to select the service usage control policy, and a select option to select a new service plan, to name several by way of example. Other examples include network service usage activity information for one or more network capacity controlled services, predicted network service usage activity information for one or more network capacity controlled services, an option for obtaining more information about the network service usage of the network service usage activity, a message that the network service usage activity may result in network service usage that exceeds a threshold for a service plan associated with the device, an option to review or select an alternative service plan, an acknowledgement request, and an option to submit the acknowledgement request, to name several more by way of example.
In the example of FIG. 41, the user interface 101 is coupled to the network service usage notification engine 2309. It may be noted that notifications can be disposed of by consulting user preferences (e.g., when a user indicates that maximum performance or minimum cost should be automatically selected). However, unless subscriber preferences are set as a default, a user is likely to have notifications displayed in the UI 101. The notification can be in an applicable known or convenient form, such as SMS, email, a popup window, or the like. To the extent a response is permitted, a user can input a response to the notification using an input device (not shown).
In the example of FIG. 41, the service plan update engine 2312 is coupled to the UI 101. As was previously mentioned, the UI can be bypassed because of, e.g., user preferences that are determinative of a selection provided in the notification. Regardless of how the selection associated with the notification is made, the service plan update engine 2312 can update a service plan, network service usage control policy, user preferences, or other parameters in accordance with the selection. The service plan update engine 2312 can also update accounting if costs accrue.
FIG. 42 depicts an example of a computer system 2600 on which techniques described in this paper can be implemented. The computer system 2600 may be a conventional computer system that can be used as a client computer system, such as a wireless client or a workstation, or a server computer system. The computer system 2600 includes a computer 2602, I/O devices 985, and a display device 980. The computer 2602 includes a processor 930, a communications interface 970, memory 920, display controller 999, non-volatile storage 910, and I/O controller 990. The computer 2602 may be coupled to or include the I/O devices 990 and display device 980.
The computer 2602 interfaces to external systems through the communications interface 970, which may include a modem or network interface. It will be appreciated that the communications interface 970 can be considered to be part of the computer system 2600 or a part of the computer 2602. The communications interface 970 can be an analog modem, ISDN modem, cable modem, token ring interface, satellite transmission interface (e.g., “direct PC”), or other interfaces for coupling a computer system to other computer systems.
The processor 930 may be, for example, a conventional microprocessor such as an Intel Pentium microprocessor or Motorola power PC microprocessor. The memory 920 is coupled to the processor 930 by a bus 960. The memory 920 can be Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) and can also include Static RAM (SRAM). The bus 960 couples the processor 930 to the memory 920, also to the non-volatile storage 910, to the display controller 999, and to the I/O controller 990.
The I/O devices 985 can include a keyboard, disk drives, printers, a scanner, and other input and output devices, including a mouse or other pointing device. The display controller 999 may control in the conventional manner a display on the display device 980, which can be, for example, a cathode ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD). The display controller 999 and the I/O controller 990 can be implemented with conventional well-known technology.
The non-volatile storage 910 is often a magnetic hard disk, an optical disk, or another form of storage for large amounts of data. Some of this data is often written, by a direct memory access process, into memory 920 during execution of software in the computer 2602. One of skill in the art will immediately recognize that the terms “machine-readable medium” or “computer-readable medium” includes any type of storage device that is accessible by the processor 930 and also encompasses a carrier wave that encodes a data signal.
The computer system 2600 is one example of many possible computer systems which have different architectures. For example, personal computers based on an Intel microprocessor often have multiple buses, one of which can be an I/O bus for the peripherals and one that directly connects the processor 930 and the memory 920 (often referred to as a memory bus). The buses are connected together through bridge components that perform any necessary translation due to differing bus protocols.
Network computers are another type of computer system that can be used in conjunction with the teachings provided herein. Network computers do not usually include a hard disk or other mass storage, and the executable programs are loaded from a network connection into the memory 920 for execution by the processor 930. A Web TV system, which is known in the art, is also considered to be a computer system, but it may lack some of the features shown in FIG. 42, such as certain input or output devices. A typical computer system will usually include at least a processor, memory, and a bus coupling the memory to the processor.
In addition, the computer system 2600 is controlled by operating system software which includes a file management system, such as a disk operating system, which is part of the operating system software. One example of operating system software with its associated file management system software is the family of operating systems known as Windows® from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash., and their associated file management systems. Another example of operating system software with its associated file management system software is the Linux operating system and its associated file management system. The file management system is typically stored in the non-volatile storage 910 and causes the processor 930 to execute the various acts required by the operating system to input and output data and to store data in memory, including storing files on the non-volatile storage 910.
FIG. 43 depicts a diagram of an example of a system 3270 for application-specific differential network access control. In the example of FIG. 43, the system 3270 includes a network service consuming application 3271, a network service usage analysis engine 3272, an application behavior datastore 3273, a network service usage classification engine 3274, an application traffic prioritization engine 3275, a network service usage control policy datastore 3276, a differential network access control engine 3277, an application traffic cache 3278, an application traffic override engine 3279, and a network interface 3280. The system 3270 is intended to represent a specific implementation of techniques described previously in this paper for illustrative purposes. The techniques may be applicable to an applicable known or convenient (wired or wireless) device for which there is a motivation to control network service usage.
In the example of FIG. 43, the network service consuming application 3271 is an application that is implemented on a device. In an expected use, the application is a software application stored at least in part in memory on a wireless device, though kernel-level instructions could be implemented as firmware or even hardware. The application can be referred to as “running” on the device or as being “executed” by the device in accordance with known uses of those terms. Wireless media are known to have more bandwidth constraints, which is why a wireless device is an expected use, though the technique may be applicable to wired devices in certain situations.
In the example of FIG. 43, the network service usage analysis engine 3272 is coupled to the network service consuming application 3271. The network service usage analysis engine 3272 analyzes traffic from the network service consuming application 3271 and stores relevant data in the application behavior datastore 3273. The data can include all traffic that is sent by the application, or a subset of the traffic (e.g., that which has a certain QoS classification or priority, that which has high resource consumption due to frequent transmission from the application, that which is sent to a particular destination, etc.) The data can also include traffic that is received for the application. The application behavior datastore 3273 can alternatively or in addition be implemented as a traffic source/destination datastore, which can be valuable if differential access control is based upon the source and/or destination of traffic. The application behavior datastore 3273 includes data structures (e.g., records) representative of data that is organized with implementation-specific granularity. For example, the data structures could be representative of frames (L2), packets (L3), or messages. (It may be noted that the term “packets” is often used to mean collections of data that are not limited to L3.) The desired granularity may depend upon where the network service usage analysis engine 3272 is located. Whether the data structures are changed over time (e.g., to change data associated with a record), replaced as records age, or maintained as historical data is also implementation-specific.
In the example of FIG. 43, the network service usage classification engine 3274 is coupled to the network service usage analysis engine 3272 and the application behavior datastore 3273. The network service usage classification engine 3274 can categorize the traffic stored in the application behavior datastore 3273 based on, e.g., network type, time of day, connection cost, whether home or roaming, network busy state, QoS, and whether the particular service usage activity is in foreground of user interaction or in the background of user interaction, or other characteristics that are obtained from network service usage analysis or through other means. Classification rules can include, for example, examining if one or more of the following has taken place within a specified period of time: user has interacted with the device, user has interacted with the service usage activity, user has picked up the device, service usage activity UI content is in the foreground of the device UI, audio or video information is being played by the service usage activity, a certain amount of data has been communicated by the service usage activity, service usage activity is or is not on a foreground or background service list. Rules that define which service usage activities to classify as, e.g., background service usage activities can be user-selected, set by a service provider, or through some other applicable means.
Advantageously, the network service usage analysis engine 3272 can examine a particular service usage activity and the network service usage classification engine 3274 can determine if the particular service usage activity fits a set of one or more classification rules that define the particular service usage activity as, e.g., a background service usage activity.
In the example of FIG. 43, the application traffic prioritization engine 3275 uses a policy stored in the network service usage control policy datastore 3276 to determine an appropriate prioritization for traffic to and/or from the network service consuming application 3271. Prioritization can enable the system 3270 to fine-tune the amount of network resources consumed by the network service consuming application 3271, or the rate of network resource consumption. The control policy can require applications to throttle network resource consumption, prohibit the use of network resources by certain applications, etc.
Advantageously, the application traffic prioritization engine 3275 can determine a particular service usage activity has a particular characteristic, such as being a background service usage activity. This can involve checking whether a condition is satisfied.
In the example of FIG. 43, the differential network access control engine 3277 is coupled to the application traffic prioritization engine 3275 and the network service usage control policy datastore 3276. The differential network access control engine 3277 causes the network service consuming application 3271 traffic to be queued in the application traffic cache 3278. (If no throttling is required to follow the control policy, of course, the traffic need not be cached anywhere other than is typical, such as in an output buffer.) The application traffic cache 3278 is intended to represent a cache that is implemented on top of an output buffer or other standard caching device, and is used by the differential network access control engine 3277 to facilitate control over “rogue” applications, applications having anomalous behavior, or applications that must otherwise be controlled to conform with the control policy.
Advantageously, the differential network access control engine can restrict network access of a particular service usage activity when a condition is satisfied, such as when the service usage activity is a background activity.
In the example of FIG. 43, the application traffic override engine 3279 is coupled to the differential network access control engine 3277 and the application traffic cache 3278. The application traffic override engine 3279 enables a user or device to deviate from the control policy. Such deviation can be prompted by, for example, an incentive offer or a notification of cost.
In an illustrative example, the device 3270 blocks chatter for an application running in the background that is attempting to report device or user behavior. The application traffic prioritization engine 3275 determines that the chatter has zero priority, such that the network service consuming application 3271 is prevented from consuming any resources. The user can be sent a notification by the application traffic override engine 3279 that their control policy prohibits the application from consuming network resources, but that the user can opt to deviate from the control policy if they are willing to pay for the consumed resources. If the user is willing to pay for the resources, traffic can be sent at a certain rate from the application traffic cache 3278 through the network interface 3280, or perhaps sent without using the application traffic cache 3278.
As another illustrative example, the device 3270 could identify application traffic as a software update. The differential network access control engine 3277 may determine that software updates can be received at a throttled rate (perhaps even slower than the lowest QoS categorization). The application traffic override engine 3279 can receive an indication from the user, from user preferences, service provider settings, or the like that the updates can ignore the control policy for a particular application (or for all applications).
Advantageously, the control policy can set up a priority to communicate cached elements, set minimum update frequencies, provide control policy overrides (typically for payment), or the like to fine-tune differential network access control policies. This can enable the system 3270 to encourage certain behavior, such as sending low QoS traffic when it is cheaper (e.g., when the network does not have a busy state, at historically low-use times of day, when on a certain type of network, such as Wi-Fi, as opposed to another, such as cellular, etc.).
Some portions of the detailed description are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of operations leading to a desired result. The operations are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like.
It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or “determining” or “displaying” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.
The present invention, in some embodiments, also relates to apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic-optical disks, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general purpose systems may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatus to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of these systems will appear from the description below. In addition, the present invention is not described with reference to any particular programming language, and various embodiments may thus be implemented using a variety of programming languages.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some detail for purposes of clarity of understanding, the invention is not limited to the details provided. There are many alternative ways of implementing the invention. The disclosed embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive.

## Claims

1. A wireless end-user device, comprising:
a wireless wide area network (WWAN) modem configurable to receive and transmit Internet data between the device and at least one WWAN;
a wireless local area network (WLAN) modem configurable to receive and transmit Internet data between the device and at least one WLAN;
a stored network service activity control policy set, the policy set including at least one differential traffic control policy specific to Internet data service provided using the WWAN modem and the at least one WWAN; and
one or more processors configurable to
classify an Internet data wireless network service usage activity of the wireless end-user device,
determine whether the classified service usage activity comprises a background activity,
based on the classified service usage activity being determined to comprise a background activity and Internet data service being currently provided through the at least one WWAN, apply the at least one differential traffic control policy from the network service activity control policy set to control Internet data service provided to the service usage activity.

2. The wireless end-user device recited in claim 1, wherein when the classified service usage activity is determined to comprise a background activity and Internet data service is currently provided through the at least one WWAN, the at least one differential traffic control policy controls the Internet data service provided to the classified service usage activity differently than when Internet data service is currently provided through the at least one WLAN.

3. The wireless end-user device recited in claim 2, wherein the different control applied based on Internet data service being currently provided through the at least one WWAN comprises a block, restriction, limit, throttle, or delay on Internet data traffic for the classified service usage activity that would not be imposed were Internet data service being currently provided instead through the at least one WLAN.

4. The wireless end-user device recited in claim 1, the network service activity control policy set including at least one second differential traffic control policy applicable to Internet data service provided using the WLAN modem to connect to an intermediate networking device, the one or more processors further configurable to, when the classified service usage activity is determined to comprise a background activity and Internet data service is currently provided using the WLAN modem to connect to an intermediate networking device, apply the at least one second differential traffic control policy from the network service activity control policy set to control Internet data service provided to the service usage activity.

5. The wireless end-user device recited in claim 1, the at least one differential traffic control policy comprising first and second differential traffic control policies applicable to Internet data service provided using the WWAN modem to connect respectively to a home WWAN and a roaming WWAN, wherein the one or more processors are further configurable to apply the first differential traffic control policy to the service usage activity when Internet data service is provided through a home WWAN and to apply the second differential traffic control policy when Internet data service is provided through a roaming WWAN.

6. The wireless end-user device recited in claim 1, wherein when the classified service usage activity is determined to comprise a background activity and Internet data service is currently provided through the at least one WWAN, the at least one differential traffic control policy controls Internet data service provided to the classified service usage activity differently than when the classified service usage activity does not comprise a background activity.

7. The wireless end-user device recited in claim 6, wherein the different control applied when the classified service usage activity is determined to comprise a background activity comprises a block, restriction, limit, throttle, or delay on Internet data traffic for that service usage activity that is not imposed when the classified service usage activity does not comprise a background activity.

8. The wireless end-user device recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more processors configurable to classify an Internet data wireless network service usage activity perform the classification based on an attempt to launch or a successful launch of an application on the device.

9. The wireless end-user device recited in claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the differential traffic control policy is based on a user input or a user preference.

10. The wireless end-user device recited in claim 1, wherein the service usage activity comprises an operating system service.

11. The wireless end-user device recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more processors configurable to determine whether the classified service usage activity comprises a background activity determine whether the service usage activity relates to an application running on the device in the background.

12. The wireless end-user device recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more processors configurable to determine whether the classified service usage activity comprises a background activity assign at least one service usage activity associated with an application or operating system (OS) function running on the device to a background service class and assign at least one other service usage activity associated with the application or OS function to a different service class.

13. The wireless end-user device recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configurable to obtain at least a portion of the differential traffic control policy from a network system communicatively coupled to the wireless end-user device.

14. The wireless end-user device recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configurable to obtain at least a portion of the differential traffic control policy from a service provider.

15. The wireless end-user device recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, configurable to determine whether the classified service usage activity comprises a background activity, monitor user interaction with the service activity or the device to determine whether the classified service usage activity comprises a background activity.

16. A wireless end-user device, comprising:
a wireless wide area network (WWAN) modem configurable to receive and transmit Internet data between the device and at least one WWAN;
a wireless local area network (WLAN) modem configurable to receive and transmit Internet data between the device and at least one WLAN;
a stored network service activity control policy set, the policy set including at least one differential traffic control policy applicable to Internet data service provided using the WWAN modem and the at least one WWAN and at least one second differential traffic control policy applicable to Internet data service provided using the WLAN modem to connect to an intermediate networking device; and
one or more processors configurable to
classify an Internet data wireless network service usage activity of the wireless end-user device,
determine whether the classified service usage activity comprises a background activity,
when the classified service usage activity is determined to comprise a background activity and Internet data service is currently provided through the at least one WWAN, apply the at least one differential traffic control policy from the network service activity control policy set to control the service usage activity, and
when the classified service usage activity is determined to comprise a background activity and Internet data service is currently provided using the WLAN modem to connect to an intermediate networking device, apply the at least one second differential traffic control policy from the network service activity control policy set to control the service usage activity.

17. A wireless end-user device, comprising:
a wireless wide area network (WWAN) modem configurable to receive and transmit Internet data between the device and at least one WWAN;
a wireless local area network (WLAN) modem configurable to receive and transmit Internet data between the device and at least one WLAN;
a stored network service activity control policy set, the policy set including at least one differential traffic control policy applicable to Internet data service provided using the WWAN modem and the at least one WWAN, the at least one differential traffic control policy comprising first and second differential traffic control policies applicable to Internet data service provided using the WWAN modem to connect respectively to a home WWAN and a roaming WWAN; and
one or more processors configurable to
classify an Internet data wireless network service usage activity of the wireless end-user device,
determine whether the classified service usage activity comprises a background activity,
when the classified service usage activity is determined to comprise a background activity and Internet data service is currently provided through the at least one WWAN, apply the first differential traffic control policy to the service usage activity when Internet data service is provided through a home WWAN and apply the second differential traffic control policy when Internet data service is provided through a roaming WWAN.