# Patent

## Title
Construction kit

## Abstract

Construction kit with two- and/or three-dimensional construction elements (1, 9) with magnetic elements (4) in the corners and/or sides and ferromagnetic spheres (11), which can be placed between the magnetic elements (4) of adjacent construction elements (1, 9) to connect the construction elements (1, 9) together using a magnetic bond so that they can be detached.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a U.S. National Stage Application of Published International Application WO 03/063994 A1, filed Nov. 26, 2002, which claims priority from German Application No. 2002 02 183.1, filed Feb. 1, 2002, the entire contents of each of which being incorporated herein by reference
The invention refers to a construction kit which consists of construction elements with magnetic elements and ferromagnetic spheres.
Construction kits of the type mentioned initially are intended particularly for use as children's toys, educational toys, for producing decorative objects or for applications in technology, for example, for producing architectural models.
A construction kit is already known which contains construction elements in the form of plastic rods with two permanent magnets in the ends and ferromagnetic spheres, which can be placed between the end side magnets of two construction elements to join these with a magnetic bond which can be detached. Two- and three-dimensional, network-like structures of various different designs can be formed with these construction elements.
The structures made of bar-shaped and spherical components are relatively unstable. Therefore, relatively strong permanent magnets are used and a small pin made of iron or ferromagnetic material is inserted in each plastic rod between the two magnets to increase the magnetic bonding forces.
A further disadvantage of the known construction kit is that it can only be used to make network-type or “open structures”.
A construction kit of the type described above is the subject of WO 99/60583 A1.
DE 39 10 304 A1 discloses a construction kit, in which the construction elements have ferromagnetic contact surfaces and the connections are permanent magnets or contain these (claim 1). According to claim 3, the construction elements may particularly be panels and the connections particularly spheres. Claim 4 refers, amongst other things, to the contact surfaces of the construction elements, which are concave and are adapted to the convex surfaces of the connections (e.g. spheres). The structure of the spheres is illustrated in FIG. 2 and described in column 4, line 60 to column 5, line 57. These spheres have a very complex structure and are very expensive to manufacture. In use, they have the disadvantage that the construction elements can only aligned at certain angles to the spherical connections, as otherwise an adequate magnetic bond cannot be brought about.
DE 33 23 489 A1 discloses a toy and means of instruction based on spherical elements, in which the spheres contain magnetic elements. The spheres serve to clamp and hold in place strip-type elements via the magnetic forces which are acting between spheres in different layers. This is illustrated in FIG. 3. The strips are made of “Perspex” and do not contain any ferromagnetic elements.
On the basis of the above, the object of the invention is to create a construction kit, which is not restricted to the creation of network-like structures and in which the structures are stabilised sufficiently well without special measures to increase the magnetic bonding forces.
The problem is solved by a construction kit with the characteristics contained in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the construction kit are stated in the sub-claims.
The construction kit according to the invention has two- or three-dimensional construction elements with magnetic elements in the corners and/or the sides and ferromagnetic spheres, which can be inserted between the magnetic elements of adjacent construction components to connect the construction elements together by magnetic bonding in such a way that they can be detached.
Since the construction kit includes two- and/or three-dimensional construction elements, the stability of the structures created with the aid of these construction elements and with ferromagnetic spheres is significantly better in comparison with the known construction kit with rod-type construction elements. This makes it possible only to use relatively weak magnets and to avoid additional ferromagnetic components within the construction elements. The construction of particularly large, stable structures is also supported. In addition, the two- or three-dimensional construction elements have the advantage that they make it possible to assemble more or less closed structures which increases the incentive to play game and permits many interesting applications. Moreover, the use of less strong magnetic forces avoids disruptive magnetic fields, which, for example, attract small parts or can impair clocks or other components containing precision mechanisms.
The two-dimensional components extend substantially in one plane, having however, a certain transverse expansion in respect of the plane. The three-dimensional construction elements extend significantly in all spatial directions. In contrast to this, the rod-type construction elements of the prior art only extend significantly along one axis and only have a low level of expansion in the transverse direction.
In two-dimensional construction elements, the magnetic elements are preferably aligned substantially with the line bisecting the angle of the corners of the two large parallel side surfaces of the panel-type construction elements. Here, the magnetic elements are preferably arranged at the corners parallel to the two large side surfaces, preferably approximately in the middle between the two.
In three-dimensional construction elements, the magnetic elements are preferably aligned substantially with all the lines bisecting the angles which delineate these three-dimensional corners. This means, for example, in a cube, that the magnetic elements are aligned substantially with diagonals which run from the centre of the cube to its corners.
The two-dimensional construction elements can, for example, be arched two-dimensional components. The two-dimensional or three-dimensional construction elements may be produced in a wide range of shapes. They can be closed construction elements or open construction elements, for example, frame-type construction elements which run in one plane, or delineate a three-dimensional shape.
According to a preferred embodiment, the construction elements are panel-shaped. A very large number of interesting and particularly stable structures can be realised with the panel-type construction elements.
The magnetic elements are preferably arranged in corners of the construction elements. In addition to, or instead of this, they can be arranged in the sides of the construction elements, particularly in the narrow sides of the two-dimensional construction elements.
The panel-type construction elements can be construction elements with any desired number of corners. The panel-type construction elements can also have curved sides. According to a further embodiment, the construction kit includes triangular and/or rectangular and/or hexagonal and/or octagonal and/or round and/or half-round panel-type construction elements.
According to a further embodiment, the construction kit includes triangles with equal and/or unequal sides and/or square and/or double square and or multiple square panel-type construction elements.
According to one embodiment, the construction kit includes polyhedral (e.g. cube-shaped, cuboid, prism-shaped, pyramidal, truncated pyramid-shaped) and/or spherical and/or spherical segment-shaped and/or cylindrical and or cylindrical segment-shaped and/or barrel-shaped and/or barrel segment-shaped and/or ring-shaped and/or arc-shaped three-dimensional construction elements.
According to one embodiment, the construction kit includes construction elements which have a bevel on their edges. This makes it easier to butt a number of construction elements together at the edges.
According to one embodiment, the construction kit includes construction elements, the walls of which are thinner between their edges than on the edges.
According to one embodiment, the construction kit includes construction elements, which have cut-outs on the corners and/or sides to take a section of a sphere. This makes it possible to bring the construction elements very close together or to house the spheres mainly in the corners of the construction elements.
According to a further embodiment, the cut-outs are formed by bevels on the corners of the construction element and/or substantially spherical segment-shaped or trough-shaped recesses on the corners and/or the sides of the construction elements.
According to one embodiment, the magnetic elements with their axes are aligned substantially with a line bisecting the corners. This aligns the magnetic retaining forces advantageously with the construction elements or the spheres. According to one embodiment of the construction elements with magnetic elements in the sides, the magnetic elements are aligned for this purpose with their axes substantially perpendicular to the sides and/or the cut-outs in the sides.
According to a further embodiment the magnetic elements are cylindrical.
According to a preferred embodiment, the magnetic elements are permanent magnets. However, it is also possible as a matter of principle for the magnetic elements to take the form of electromagnets.
The construction kit particularly includes construction elements of a rigid design. According to one embodiment, the construction kit includes at least one construction element which can be changed in shape. This construction element can be shaped manually by the user or with a tool. It can particularly involve a construction element which can be shaped plastically or elastically. In this way the user can construct structures which leave the preset grid of the construction elements. He can also bring stress states into his structures by means of elastically deformable construction elements.
According to one embodiment, the construction kit includes at least one construction element with a light source. The user can achieve interesting lighting effects with this. The construction element is also preferably provided with magnetic elements in the way already described and can be integrated into structures by means of ferromagnetic spheres. However, it may also demonstrate other assembly techniques, for example, suction cup fastenings.
According to a preferred embodiment, an electrical light source is involved. According to a further embodiment, the construction kit includes an electrical voltage source, e.g. a battery, an accumulator or a power pack. The voltage source can be used to supply the electric light source and/or electromagnetic elements. It can, for example, be integrated in a further construction element or in the construction element with the light source, for example, if using a button cell battery. However, it can also be integrated into the base plate or into a separate construction element.
According to a further embodiment, the construction elements are at least partially made of plastic and/or metal and/or wood. The magnetic elements and/or light sources or a holder for the latter and/or the voltage source may particularly be cast in and/or injection-moulded and/or inserted into the construction elements.
The construction elements are preferably made of injection-moulded plastic.
According to one embodiment, the construction kit includes at least one cube with differently marked faces. The faces of a cube can all be marked differently or only some of them may be different. Symbols and/or designations of construction elements and/or spheres and/or special game instructions are preferably arranged on the faces. For example, one or more players can use the cube to throw dice for construction elements or spheres which they may then use for a design. It can then be determined in a sort of competition who has built the highest, most daring or most beautiful design with the construction elements won. A designation, to which a special game instruction is allocated can, for example, be a “joker”. Throwing the joker can, for example, permit a player to select any construction element he wants. Another “designation” can, for example, be a face with nothing on it at all. If a player throws a blank of this kind, he may not take a construction element. A further feasible designation is a number, which designates the number of components the player may take.
According to one embodiment, the construction kit includes black and/or white and/or coloured construction elements and/or ferromagnetic spheres. The construction kit can particularly include construction elements and/or spheres in different colours or in black or in white.
Furthermore, an advantageous embodiment provides for the construction kit including a base plate which has recesses and/or other surface structures and/or other magnetic elements in which the spheres and/or construction elements can be inserted and/or with which spheres and/or construction elements can be connected by magnetic bonding so that they can be detached. Building up from the base plate, structures can be erected advantageously starting from the grid which is specified by the base plate. The base plate is a useful aid to the construction of stable structures, especially if these reach large dimensions.
It is also possible to provide a base plate with recesses and/or other surface structures and/or further magnetic elements on both sides, for example in different grids, to permit different structures to be constructed. A double-sided structure of this type can also be used to cover structures and then erect new structures on top of it.
According to one embodiment, the recesses and/or other surface structures reveal a spherical and/or an elongated shape. This permits the base plate to be used for the erection of construction elements which have different edge lengths, for example, for square plates and triangles, equilateral or non-equilateral triangles.
According to one embodiment, the base plate is produced in black and/or white and/or coloured. According to one embodiment, the base plate is made of plastic. Moreover, the further magnetic elements of the base plates are preferably permanent magnets. Especially in a base plate, the other magnetic elements can also be electromagnets in order to give the entire structure a special stability via particularly strong magnetic forces.
According to one embodiment, the construction kit includes a container with a lower part with compartments containing construction elements and spheres and an upper part which can be removed from the lower part to form the base plate. The upper part therefore has a double function as the base for playing and a cover for the container for storing and transporting the construction elements and spheres.
According to one embodiment, the construction kit includes a container with a lower part and a hinged lid, each made of plastic and at least one insert with compartments containing construction elements and spheres. According to one embodiment, the insert also consists of plastic. According to one embodiment, the container and/or the insert consists of a transparent plastic. According to one embodiment, the hinged lid is attached to the lower part via a film hinge. According to one embodiment, the container and/or the insert is folded from a flat plastic material and connected at the corners by adhesive, welding or another type of connection. According to one embodiment, the construction kit contains a base plate inserted in it.
The invention is described in greater detail below using the attached drawings of examples of embodiments. The drawings show:



FIGS. 1a and b A top view (FIG. 1a) and a side view (FIG. 1b) of a square panel-type construction element;
FIGS. 2a and b A top view (FIG. 2a) and a side view (FIG. 2b) of a double square two-dimensional construction element;
FIGS. 3a to c A top view (FIG. 3a), a view from the left side (FIG. 3b) and a view from the right side (FIG. 3c) of a triangular two-dimensional construction element;
FIGS. 4a to c A front view (FIG. 4a), side view (FIG. 4b) and a further side view (FIG. 4c) of a prism structure formed with construction elements according to FIGS. 1 and 3 plus ferromagnetic spheres;
FIG. 5 Top view of a pyramidal structure, formed from construction elements according to FIG. 3 and ferromagnetic spheres;
FIGS. 6a to c A top view (FIG. 6a), a side view (FIG. 6b) and the same side view with a sphere inserted (FIG. 6c) of a base plate with recesses to hold spheres,
FIGS. 7a to c A top view (FIG. 7a) of the upper part of a container for construction elements and spheres, a top view of the lower part (FIG. 7b) and a vertical section (FIG. 7c);
FIG. 8A perspective side view of a dice;
FIG. 9 Table with dice symbols and rules of the game.



In the explanation of a number of different examples of embodiments below, corresponding characteristics are provided with the same reference numbers.
According to FIG. 1, a square, panel-type construction element 1 has a plate 2, which has a small bevel 3 at an angle of 45° to the edges in each of the four corners.
Furthermore, there is a magnetic element 4 inserted in each corner in the form of a small cylindrical permanent magnet. The axes of the magnetic elements 4 are aligned precisely with the line bisecting the edges of the panel 2 adjacent to the corners or aligned with the centre of the panel 2.
Furthermore, the panel 2 has a bevel 5 running around the edges on both sides.
In the example, the panel 2 has side lengths of approximately 40 mm and a wall thickness of approximately 5 mm. Moreover, in the example, magnets 4 are inserted with a diameter of approximately 4 mm and a length of approximately 5 mm.
FIG. 2a shows a double square panel-type construction element 6, which produces a panel 7 with double the side length of panel 1 (approximately 80 mm). The panel 7 has bevels 3 on the corners. Magnets 4 are again integrated there in the panels 7. A bevel 5 runs around the edge on both sides on the outside.
Furthermore, the panel-type construction element 6 has trough-shaped recesses 8 in the centre of the two long edges. Magnetic elements 4 are again arranged in the bottom of these recesses 8 in the panel.
The recesses 8 are dimensioned such that a region of spheres with a diameter of 12.7 mm (1⁄2 inch) can be held in them.
The recesses 8 have a width of approximately 13 mm and a depth of approximately 3.5 mm in the example.
According to FIG. 3, a triangular panel-type construction element 9 comprises a panel 10 in the form of an equilateral triangle, which has bevels 3 at the edges which run perpendicular to the line bisecting the angle between the sides adjacent to the corners.
In the panel 10, there are magnetic elements 4, which in turn lie under the bevels 3, with a cylindrical shape, the axes of which are aligned with the line bisecting the angle at the corners.
The side length of the panel 10, i.e. the distance from a hypothetical corner to the other measured distance corresponds to the side lengths of the panel 2, i.e. amounts to approximately 40 mm. The panel 10 also has a wall thickness of approximately 5 mm.
According to FIGS. 4 and 5 the construction elements 1 and 9, described above, are used with ferromagnetic spheres 11, to produce structures. During this, the ferromagnetic spheres 11 are each placed over the magnetic elements 4, so that the distance between the centres of the spheres is approximately 45 mm.
According to FIGS. 4a to c a prism-shaped structure is realised from three square panel-type construction elements 1, two triangular panel-type construction elements 9 and six ferromagnetic spheres 11. The spheres have been omitted in some cases in the views in order to give a clear view of the bevels 3 and the magnetic elements 4. It can clearly be seen that a section of the spheres 11 is placed in the region of the bevels 3 and that as a result of this the construction elements 1, 9 can be butted tightly against each other.
FIG. 5 shows a pyramidal or tetrahedral structure, formed from four triangular panel-type construction elements 9 and four ferromagnetic spheres 11.
Of course, the construction elements 1, 9, 6 and any other construction elements included in this invention can be combined together to form structures of practically any desired size and complexity. Dimensions different from those stated are also possible.
According to FIG. 6, a base plate 12, comprising a panel-type body 13, which has a large number of recesses 14 on at least one side, serves as an aid to the erection of structures. In the example, cone-shaped recesses have been selected, but they can also take other shapes. The recesses 14 have the advantage that spheres 11 inserted in them are only held by a line around the circumference so that although they are fixed precisely, they can be removed again with the application of little force.
In the example, the base plate is approximately square and has a side length of approximately 500 mm. The distance between the recesses 14 corresponds to the distance between the centres of the spheres if they are allocated to the magnets 4 on construction elements 1, 6, 9 i.e. approximately 45 mm.
The construction elements 1, 6, 9 and/or the base plate 12 can be manufactured particularly from plastic, especially using injection-moulding. The magnetic elements 4 can be surrounded by the plastic material in the injection-moulding process.
The spheres 11 are made of a ferrous material, which is attracted by a magnet. It is preferable for a non-rusting ferrous material to be used. The spheres 11 can also be coated.
According to FIG. 7, a container 15 includes a lower part 16 with a base part 17 and a holder part 18, in which various compartments 19 are formed. The compartments 19 serve as containers for the construction elements and spheres. Their size is adapted to the respective construction elements and spheres they are to hold.
The holder part 18 has an edge 20 around its circumference which delineates a mounting.
An upper part 21 is inserted in the mounting. This includes a base plate 12′, which apart from circular recesses 14′ also includes a longitudinal recess 14′′, the ends of which are rounded. The width of the longitudinal recesses 14′′ corresponds to the diameter of the circular recesses 14′ and their length corresponds to three times the diameter of the circular recesses 14′.
The recesses 14′ 14′′ are holes which pass through the base plate 14′. The upper part 21 includes a thin cover plate 22, which is arranged under the base plate 12′ and covers the holes.
The container 15 can be made entirely or partially of plastic and/or wood and/or metal (e.g. aluminium) or another suitable material.
According to FIG. 8, a cube 23 which forms part of the construction kit, has six faces 24 with different symbols.
The allocation of the symbols to the faces is shown in the table in FIG. 9. The rules of the game are also clear from this, which must be observed by a player when throwing the a certain symbol using the cube as a dice:
If the first face is thrown, the player may take one square construction element and one sphere.
If the second face is thrown, he has a rectangular construction element and a sphere.
If the third face is thrown, the player is entitled to take a triangular construction element and a sphere from the stock available.
With fourth face he receives a trapezoidal construction element and a sphere.
If the player throws the fifth face with the dice, he gets two spheres.
If he throws the sixth face he can choose between any construction element he would like or up to four spheres.
Any number of desired variations are possible.
Using one or more dice 22, it is possible, for example, to undertake competitions, organised between different players. Each player has a certain number of dice and he must build a structure with the stock of construction elements and spheres he has gained by throwing the dice. The results are compared on the basis of one or more specific criteria (e.g. height of the structure), thus selecting a winner.

## Claims

1. A construction kit comprising:
a two-dimensional construction element having a polygonal shape, the construction element comprising:
a first face;
a second face opposite the first face;
a perimeter edge disposed between the first face and the second face around the polygonal shape of the construction element, the first face and the second face having a beveled corner when viewed in a direction facing the first face; and
a magnet disposed proximate to the beveled corner, the magnet having an outer surface portion that is cylindrical about a longitudinal axis and at least one planar face that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis of the magnet bisecting the beveled corner when viewed in a direction facing the first face.

2. The construction element of claim 1, the first face, the second face, and the longitudinal axis of the magnet being substantially parallel.

3. The construction element of claim 1, wherein the beveled corner defines a planar portion of the perimeter edge and the magnet is recessed from the beveled corner into the construction element such that only the planar face of the magnet is exposed and the planar face is recessed from the plane of the beveled corner.

4. The construction element of claim 3, the construction element being made from nonmagnetic material, the magnet being encased in the nonmagnetic material, the nonmagnetic material defining a recess above the exposed planar face, and the recess shaped to contact a sphere along a circumferential line.

5. The construction element of claim 4, the recess being conical.

6. The construction element of claim 1, wherein each corner of the polygonal shape is beveled and a magnet is provided in each of the beveled corners.

7. The construction element of claim 1, further comprising a first bevel between the first face and the perimeter edge and a second bevel between the second face and the perimeter edge.

8. The construction element of claim 1, the first face and the second face having a second beveled corner and a third beveled corner when viewed in a direction facing the first face, the construction element further comprising:
a second magnet disposed proximate to the second beveled corner, the second magnet having an outer surface portion that is cylindrical about a longitudinal axis and at least one planar face that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis of the second magnet bisecting the second beveled corner when viewed in a direction facing the first face; and
a third magnet disposed proximate to the third beveled corner, the third magnet having an outer surface portion that is cylindrical about a longitudinal axis and at least one planar face that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis of the third magnet bisecting the third beveled corner when viewed in a direction facing the first face.

9. The construction element of claim 1, the magnet being cylindrical.

10. A two- to three-dimensional construction element, the construction element comprising:
a first face;
a second face opposite the first face, the first face and the second face having a beveled corner when viewed in a direction facing the first face;
a perimeter face disposed between the first face and the second face around the construction element, the construction element having a first bevel between the first face and the perimeter face and a second bevel between the second face and the perimeter race; and
a magnet disposed proximate to the beveled corner.

11. The construction element of claim 10, the first face and the second face being substantially parallel, and the perimeter face being substantially perpendicular to the first face and the second face.

12. The construction element of claim 10, the axis of the magnet bisecting the beveled corner when viewed in a direction facing the first face.

13. The construction element of claim 12, the construction element comprising a polygonal two-dimensional shape, and the first face, the second face, and the axis of the magnet being substantially parallel.

14. The construction element of claim 13, the construction element being made from nonmagnetic material, each corner of the polygonal shape being beveled, and a magnet recessed into each beveled corner such that only a planar face of the magnet is exposed.

15. The construction element of claim 14, wherein the magnet is recessed into and below the surface of the beveled corner.

16. A construction kit comprising:
a construction element having:
a body, the body having an outer surface formed of a nonmagnetic material, and
a magnet recessed into the body, the magnet having an outer surface portion that is cylindrical about a longitudinal axis and at least one planar face that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the magnet being recessed into the body such that only the planar face of the magnet is exposed and the planar face is recessed into and below the outer surface of the body such that the nonmagnetic material of the body defines a recess above the planar surface, and the recess being shaped to contact a sphere along a circumferential line; and

a ferromagnetic ball held by the magnet against the recess.

17. The construction kit of claim 16, the body having a first face and a second face opposite the first face, the first face and the second face having the beveled corner when viewed in a direction facing the first face, the longitudinal axis of the magnet bisecting the beveled corner when viewed in a direction facing the first face.

18. The construction kit of claim 17, wherein the body comprises a base plate having a plurality of cone-shaped recesses located on at least one side thereof, and wherein a magnet is disposed in each of the recesses.

19. The construction kit of claim 16, the ferromagnetic ball by itself having a spherical outer surface and substantially uniform magnetic properties across the outer surface.

20. The construction kit of claim 16, the ferromagnetic ball being spaced apart from the magnet when held against the recess.