J-S20016-16 

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court 

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: J.M., A MINOR :

:

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF 

PENNSYLVANIA 

:

APPEAL OF: M.M., FATHER, : No. 1326 WDA 2015 

:

 :

Appeal from the Order Entered July 29, 2015, 

in the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County

Civil Division at No. CP-65-DP-0000123-2014 

BEFORE: PANELLA, OLSON, and PLATT,* JJ. 

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED APRIL 15, 2016 

 M.M. (“Father”) appeals from the order entered on July 29, 2015, 

granting the Westmoreland County Children’s Bureau’s (“WCCB’s”) motion to 

prohibit visitation between Father and his son, J.M. (“Child”), born in June 

2014. We affirm. 

 The factual background and procedural history of this case are as 

follows. Father is involuntarily committed, on a continuing basis, to 

Torrance State Hospital (“TSH”) for his sexual disorders. Father sexually 

abused a four-year-old child on 30-40 occasions. Child is the product of 

Father’s sexual relationship with S.M. (“Mother”), who was a patient at TSH. 

On September 30, 2014, the trial court adjudicated Child dependent 

pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302(1), and ordered Child removed from 

Mother’s home, with reunification as a permanency goal. Child was placed in 
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kinship foster care with his maternal grandparents. Subsequently, Father 

expressed a desire to visit with Child. On April 9, 2015, WCCB filed a motion 

to prohibit visitation between Father and Child. 

 On June 1, 2015, a hearing was held on WCCB’s motion. At the 

hearing, WCCB presented the testimony of Dr. Danielle Adamsky, the 

director of psychological services at TSH. Prior to her promotion to director 

of psychological services, Dr. Adamsky was Father’s therapist beginning in 

2008. Dr. Adamsky explained that Father admitted to sexual arousal to 

certain children, and he refers to his desire to violate rules and engage in 

negative behaviors as his “beast.” According to Dr. Adamsky, Father has 

stated that the beast often wins out in his decision-making. On July 29, 

2015, the trial court granted WCCB’s motion to prohibit visitation between 

Father and Child. This timely appeal followed.1 

 Father presents one issue for our review: 

Did the trial court abuse its discretion in finding there was clear 

and convincing evidence of a grave threat to [C]hild sufficient to 

deny [Father] supervised visitation with [Child]? 

Father’s Brief at 4. 

Our Supreme Court set forth our standard of review for dependency 

cases as follows: 

 

1

 On August 26, 2015, Father filed a concise statement of errors complained 

of on appeal contemporaneously with his notice of appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 

1925(a)(2)(i). Appellant’s lone issue on appeal was included in his concise 

statement of errors complained of on appeal. 
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[T]he standard of review in dependency cases requires an 

appellate court to accept the findings of fact and credibility 

determinations of the trial court if they are supported by the 

record, but does not require the appellate court to accept the 

lower court’s inferences or conclusions of law. Accordingly, we 

review for an abuse of discretion. 

In re R.J.T., 9 A.3d 1179, 1190 (Pa. 2010). 

 “[T]he standard against which visitation is measured also depends 

upon the goal mandated in the family service plan. Where, as here, 

reunification still remains the goal of the family service plan, visitation will 

not be denied or reduced unless it poses a grave threat.” In re L.V., 127 

A.3d 831, 839 (Pa. Super. 2015). This Court explained that: 

The grave threat standard is met when the evidence clearly 

shows that the parent is unfit to associate with his or her 

children; the parent can then be denied the right to see them. 

This standard is satisfied when the parent demonstrates a severe 

mental or moral deficiency that constitutes a grave threat to the 

child. 

In re C.B., 861 A.2d 287, 293-294 (Pa. Super. 2004), appeal denied, 871 

A.2d 187 (Pa. 2005) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). 

WCCB bears the burden of proving that Father poses a grave threat by clear 

and convincing evidence. In re Mary Kathryn T., 629 A.2d 988, 995 (Pa. 

Super. 1993), appeal denied, 639 A.2d 32 (Pa. 1994). 

 Father argues that there was no clear and convincing evidence of a 

grave threat of harm to Child. He states that Dr. Adamsky testified that 

there was no risk of physical harm to Child if visitations were supervised. 

Additionally, Father states that Dr. Adamsky was unable to give an opinion 
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regarding whether there might be any emotional or psychological harm to 

Child. Accordingly, Father argues that since there is no evidence of a risk of 

any harm, much less severe harm, to Child, he is entitled to have 

appropriately supervised visitation with Child. Father states that his 

offenses with a child occurred over a decade ago, while Father was still a 

minor. Father claims that he loves Child and wishes to have a relationship 

with him. The guardian ad litem (“GAL”) supports Father’s interest in 

maintaining contact with Child. GAL states that, because Child is only 21 

months old, he supports supervised visits at TSH, as it is unlikely that such 

visits would cause Child psychological harm. GAL posits that, if the visits 

would become a grave threat to Child, the trial court could immediately 

terminate Father’s visitation. 

We agree with the trial court that Father poses a grave threat to Child. 

Although supervision of visits between Father and Child may decrease the 

risk of physical harm to Child, the trial court found that there is a high risk of 

emotional or psychological harm. This finding is supported by the record. In 

the past, Father sexually abused a four-year-old child approximately 30-40 

times. Dr. Adamsky testified that Father had a moderate to high risk of 

sexually abusing a young child in the future. Father admitted that he 

attempted to groom other young children in order to sexually abuse them. 

Thus, there was a very high risk that Father would attempt to groom Child 

so that he could sexually abuse him in the future. Even if Father does not 
J-S20016-16 

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intend to cause this harm, his “beast” may take over and cause the harm 

during his visits with Child. Furthermore, as the trial court stated, “Father’s 

concomitant lack of investment into treatment of his sexual urges towards 

children, despite seven years of his psychiatric commitment, only enhances 

this possibility.” Trial Court Opinion, 7/29/15, at 4. 

Father attempts to distinguish C.B. and Green v. Sneeringer, 635 

A.2d 1074 (Pa. Super. 1993), in which this Court held that the grave threats 

posed by the fathers in those cases justified denial of visitation, from the 

case sub judice. Assuming arguendo that C.B. and Green are 

distinguishable from the case at bar, however, this does not indicate that 

Father is entitled to visitation with Child. Father cites to no case in support 

of his argument that he does not pose a grave threat to Child. As noted 

above, permitting Father to visit with Child poses a grave threat to Child’s 

psychological and emotional welfare. There would be no way for the trial 

court to “unring the bell” if such harm occurred. Thus, GAL’s contention that 

supervised visitation would eliminate the risk of any harm to Child is without 

merit. 

 In sum, Father’s previous sexual abuse of a minor, and his continuing 

ideations involving minors, demonstrates “a severe mental or moral 

deficiency that constitutes a grave threat to Child.” L.V., 127 A.3d at 840. 

Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in 

granting WCCB’s motion to prohibit visitation between Father and Child. 
J-S20016-16 

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 Order affirmed. 

Judgment Entered. 

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. 

Prothonotary 

Date: 4/15/2016