# Patent

## Title
Augmented-reality signature capture

## Abstract

A method for acquiring a person's signature includes handwriting a signature by projecting movements of light. Signature information with respect to the projected light movements is concurrently acquired. The signature information is compiled to create a signature image.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to electronic signatures. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of acquiring a person's signature using an imaging device.
BACKGROUND
Certain business transactions generally require one party to obtain another party's signature. Courier services that transport documents and packages, for example, often require the recipient to acknowledge receipt of the delivery by providing a signature. Before the widespread use of mobile computer devices, delivery personnel would generally carry a clipboard with a signature sheet that they would present to the recipient after making the delivery. The recipient would sign the signature sheet with a pen or pencil to create a written verification that the delivery had transpired.
The advent of relatively inexpensive mobile computing devices has led to their adoption by many courier services that now use these devices to electronically capture the signature of a package recipient. The display screen of the mobile computing device is often a touchscreen, which allows for the recipient to record his or signature by moving a stylus or finger over the touchscreen so that the signature can be electronically captured and stored by the mobile computing device. While this approach simplifies the storage of the signature and provides for virtually instantaneous access to the signature when the mobile device is connected to a network such as the Internet, it requires that the mobile computing device be equipped with a touchscreen or similar display device suitable for accepting a signature.
Some mobile computing devices either do not have touchscreens or are so miniaturized that signing the touchscreen is impractical or impossible. Mobile computing devices that a user can wear such as head-mounted displays (HMD) or a wristwatch smartphones, for example, are generally not suitable for receiving a signature using the aforementioned method.
Therefore, a need exists for a method of capturing a person's signature using a mobile computing device (e.g., image-processing device) that does not require a touchscreen or touchpad input device.
SUMMARY
Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention embraces a method for acquiring a person's signature. The signature is handwritten by projecting movements of light while concurrently acquiring signature information with respect to the projected light movements. The signature information is compiled into a signature image (e.g., compiled signature image).
In one embodiment, the step of acquiring signature information with respect to the projected light movements includes capturing positional information of the projected light movements.
In another embodiment, signature information is acquired by (i) capturing signature-information images of the projected light movements, and (ii) compiling the signature-information images into a signature image.
In yet another embodiment, signature information is acquired by capturing substantially all of the projected light movements in an overexposed signature-information image.
In yet another embodiment, the signature information is concurrently analyzed as it is being acquired.
In yet another embodiment, the signature information is concurrently displayed as it is compiled into a signature image.
In yet another embodiment, the method includes displaying the compiled signature image.
In yet another embodiment, the compiled signature image is recorded.
In yet another embodiment, an image of the signing person's face is acquired.
In another aspect, the present invention embraces a method for capturing signature information. An image processing device is provided that includes (i) a camera for capturing signature information within the camera's field of view, (ii) a display for displaying signature information captured by the camera, and (iii) a computer processor communicatively connected to the camera and the display. A signature is handwritten by projecting light onto a surface using a light-emitting device. As the signature is handwritten on the surface, signature information with respect to the projected light is concurrently captured using the image-processing device's camera. The signature information is processed to compile a signature image using the image-processing device's processor. The compiled signature image is displayed using the image-processing device's display.
In another aspect, the present invention embraces a method for capturing signature information where an image-processing device is provided that includes (i) a camera for capturing signature information within the camera's field of view, (ii) a display for displaying signature information captured by the camera, and (iii) a computer processor communicatively connected to the camera and the display. A signature is handwritten by projecting light at the image-processing device's camera using a light-emitting device. Signature information with respect to the projected light is concurrently captured using the image-processing device's camera. The signature information is processed to compile a signature image using the image-processing device's processor. The compiled signature image is displayed using the image-processing device's display.
In one embodiment, capturing signature information with respect to the projected light includes capturing positional information of the projected light using the image-processing device's camera.
In another embodiment, capturing signature information with respect to the projected light includes capturing signature-information images of the projected light using the image-processing device's camera.
In yet another embodiment, the signature information is concurrently displayed using the image-processing device's display while the signature information is being captured.
In yet another embodiment, the computer processor includes an associated memory for storing the signature information and/or the compiled signature image.
In another aspect, the present invention embraces a method for acquiring a person's signature where a signature is handwritten by finger movements in the air. Signature information with respect to the finger movements is concurrently acquired. The signature information is compiled into a signature image.
In one embodiment, acquiring signature information with respect to the finger movements includes capturing positional information images of the finger movements
In another embodiment, acquiring signature information with respect to the finger movements includes capturing signature-information images of the finger movements.
In yet another embodiment, the signature information is concurrently analyzed as the signature information is acquired.
In yet another embodiment, the signature information is concurrently displayed as the signature information is compiled into a signature image.
In yet another embodiment, the compiled signature image is displayed.
In yet another embodiment, the compiled signature image is recorded.
In yet another embodiment, an image of the signing person's face is acquired.
In another aspect, the present invention embraces a method for capturing signature information where an image-processing device is provided that includes (i) a camera for capturing signature information within the camera's field of view, (ii) a display for displaying signature information captured by the camera, and (iii) a computer processor communicatively connected to the camera and the display. A signature is handwritten in the air using a signature motion within the field of view of the image-processing device's camera. As the signature is handwritten in the air, signature information is concurrently captured using the image-processing device's camera. The signature information is processed to compile a signature image using the image-processing device's processor. The compiled signature image is displayed using the image-processing device's display.
In one embodiment, capturing signature information includes capturing hand-positioning information using the image-processing device's camera.
In another embodiment, capturing signature information includes capturing signature-information images using the image-processing device's camera.
In yet another embodiment, the computer processor includes an associated memory for storing the signature information and/or the compiled signature image.
The foregoing illustrative summary, as well as other exemplary objectives and/or advantages of the invention, and the manner in which the same are accomplished, are further explained within the following detailed description and its accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary method according to the present invention wherein a signature is handwritten by projecting movements of light.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary method according to the present invention wherein a signature is handwritten by projecting light onto a surface using a light-emitting device.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary method according to the present invention wherein a signature is handwritten by projecting light at an image-processing device's camera using a light-emitting device.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary method according to the present invention wherein a signature is handwritten by finger movements in the air.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention embraces a method for acquiring a person's signature. Instead of relying on tactile interaction (e.g., between a stylus and a touchscreen), the method according to the present invention utilizes image processing and augmented reality to plot a signing person's movements and interpret and display the signature in real time.
Referring now to FIG. 1, the method 100 according to the present invention is illustrated in a block diagram. When obtaining a person's signature is required, the person (i.e., signing person) mimics the same motion that the signing person would use to sign his or her name on paper (e.g., the signing person's signature motion). Rather than writing down the signature on paper or on the surface of a computer display, the signing person executes the signature motion in free space (e.g., in the air). The signing person uses a light-emitting device (e.g., light source, laser source, LED source) while making the signature motion 105. Typically, the signing person holds in his or her hand the light-emitting device, which may be pen-shaped with a light source at one end. In general, the signing person holds the light-emitting device in the same manner as he or she would hold a traditional writing utensil such as a pencil or pen. Alternatively, the light-emitting device may be removably attached to the signing person's hand. For example, the light-emitting device may be strapped or otherwise fastened around the signing person's finger(s), hand, or wrist (e.g., by a hook-and-loop strap, by a glove attached to the light-emitting device, etc.). With the signing person equipped with a light-emitting device in this way, as the signing person executes the signature motion, the light from the light-emitting source follows the path of the signature motion.
An image-processing device (e.g., mobile computing device, smartphone, handheld computer, tablet computer, laptop computer, wearable computing device, head-mounted display (HMD)), smartwatch, etc.) is used to capture information (e.g., signature information) about the signature motion based upon the image-processing device's detection of the movement of the light from the light-emitting source 110. Typically, the image-processing device includes a camera having an image sensor (e.g., CMOS sensor, CCD image sensor) for generating a digital image from light gathered through the camera's lens assembly. The digital image generated by the camera is comprised of pixels. Because the digital image is a two-dimensional array, each pixel has two coordinates, an x position and a y position.
When acquiring a person's signature, the image-processing device is positioned such that the light from the light-emitting device is within the camera's field of view. For example, the signing person may use a laser pen to project a laser light onto a surface (e.g., a sheet of paper, a table, a wall). In that instance, the image-processing device is positioned so that the portion of the surface on which the signing person is projecting the laser light is within the camera's field of view such that the image-processing device can receive (e.g., via the camera's image sensor) the laser light reflected off of the surface as the signing person executes the signature motion. Image-processing devices such as smartphones are compact and easily maneuverable such that they can readily be repositioned to bring the desired portion of the surface within the field of view of the image-processing device's camera. Alternatively, the signing person can ensure that he or she projects the light onto a surface that is within the camera's field of view (e.g., reposition the light-emitting device). If the surface is movable (e.g., a sheet of paper), this may include repositioning the surface itself into the camera's field of view.
As a consequence of employing a light-emitting device to execute the signature motion, a portion of each image frame received by the image sensor depicts the light from the light-emitting source. This is the case regardless of whether the light is projected onto a surface and reflected toward the camera, or is projected directly at the camera as discussed below. The image-processing device processes each image frame to determine which portion of the frame (e.g., which pixel(s) in the frame) represents the light from the light-emitting device.
Typically, the image-processing device determines (e.g., acquires) signature information by analyzing the intensity of each of the pixels within the each image frame acquired by the camera during the signature motion sequence. The light projected from the light-emitting device will generally be the brightest light within the image-processing device's field of view. Consequently, the image-processing device will typically locate the pixel(s) with the highest intensity. For example, the image-processing device could be configured (e.g., programmed) to treat any pixel with a greyscale value greater than 250 as signature information (e.g., as light projected from the light-emitting device). A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that there are other methods of identifying the pixels within an image frame that represent the light from the light-emitting source. By way of further example, the image-processing device can acquire signature information by identifying pixels associated with the color of the light projected from the light-emitting device (e.g., a particular RGB triplet or hex triplet). In this way, when a red laser light is project onto, for example, a white background (e.g., a white sheet of paper), the image-processing device can acquire the signature information in each frame by determining which pixels in the image frame are red (or nearly red).
Having determined which portion (e.g., which pixel(s)) in a given image frame represent signature information, the image-processing device compiles the signature information from each image frame to form a complete representation of the signing person's signature (e.g., a signature image) 115. To facilitate faster compilation of the signature image, the image-processing device stores the signature information from each image as positional information (e.g., x, y coordinates) representing the location in each image frame of the pixel(s) that depict the light projected from the light-emitting device. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that storing the positional information of a pixel (and thereby the positional information of the projected light movements with respect to the image-processing device's field of view) requires the storage of only two integers, which requires much less processing time and storage capacity than storing entire image files.
In an alterative embodiment, signature information is acquired by capturing signature-information images at selected time intervals. Each signature-information image captures all of the information in the camera's field of view, including signature information, at a given point in time during the signature motion sequence. The image-processing device compiles all of the captured signature-information images into a compiled image that shows the position of the light-emitting device at each point in time during the sequence of executing the signature motion. For example, the image-processing device may isolate the pixels representing the light-emitting device in each signature-information image, copy those pixels, then superimpose those pixels on the background of the signature-information image (or on an alternate background (e.g., a blank background)) to form a compiled image that shows the position of the light-emitting device at substantially every interval of time in the signature motion sequence, there creating a compiled image depicting a substantially complete handwritten signature.
Alternatively, signature information is acquired by capturing substantially all of the projected light movements in an overexposed signature-information image. Employing this approach, the camera's image sensor is exposed to light (e.g., senses the light passing through the lens assembly) for the entire duration of the signature sequence, including the light from the light-emitting device (reflected light or direct light). To distinguish the light from the light-emitting device from the ambient light (e.g., background light), light below a certain threshold is filtered out, leaving substantially just the light from the light-emitting device. The resulting image shows the handwritten signature as a light trail. Alternatively, the filter could filter out the light from the light-emitting device, thereby resulting in an overexposed image showing the handwritten signature as an inverse light trail (or trail of darkness). To reduce the chance of a completely overexposed image during the daytime, an infrared filter (IR filter) is used to filter out substantially all light except for the light matching the wavelength of the light from the light-emitting device.
In one embodiment, each image frame is processed in real time (e.g., concurrently with the signature movement) such that the signature image can be generated in real time. In other words, the acquisition of signature information and the compilation of that information into a signature image occur in parallel.
The signature image may be displayed on the image-processing device's display (i.e., display screen) (e.g., tablet computer display screen). Where the signature image is generated concurrently with the execution of the signature motion, the signature image may be displayed on the image-processing device's display in real time. In other words, as the signing person handwrites his or her signature using the light-emitting device, the image-processing device displays in real time the signature image as it is being compiled (e.g., as each new piece of positional information is added). In this way, as the signing person is handwriting his or her name, the display screen displays the signature (in the form of a signature image) as though it were being written on the display screen. The signature image can alternatively be displayed with a projection device (e.g., a handheld projector or pico projector) so that the signature image can be viewed more easily by more than one person. For example, a delivery person could utilize a pico projector to project the signature image onto a nearby surface (e.g., wall, floor, table) for viewing, in real time, the creation of the signature image by the delivery person and the signing person. In this way, the signing person can receive real-time visual feedback to assist the signing person in creating a suitable (e.g., legible) signature image. In an alternative embodiment, the signature image is transmitted by the image-processing device to another device for display and/or storage of the signature image. The image-processing device may transmit the signature image over a computer network (e.g., Internet, LAN, PAN, WAN) using wired or wireless (e.g., wi-fi, Bluetooth, etc.) communication links.
In an alternative embodiment, in addition to generating a signature image, the image-processing device captures an image of the signing person's face. The image of the signing person's may be stored in association with the signing person's signature image to provide additional verification that the signature image is, in fact, the signature of the signing person.
Reference is now made to FIG. 2. In an alternative embodiment, the method for capturing signature information according to the present invention includes providing an image-processing device. The image-processing device includes a camera for capturing signature information within the camera's field of view. Typically, the camera includes an image sensor (e.g., CMOS sensor) and a lens assembly. The image-processing device also includes a display for displaying signature information captured by the camera. Typically, the display is integral with the camera, but the display may be a separate module communicatively connected to the camera (e.g., by USB, wi-fi, or Bluetooth connections). The image-processing device also includes a computer processor (e.g., micro-processor). The computer processor is communicatively connected (e.g., via a serial bus) to the camera and display 120. Typically, the computer processor includes an associated memory for storing signature information and/or the signature image.
The signing person handwrites a signature by projecting light onto a surface using a light-emitting device 125. In general, the surface should be suitable for reflecting at least a portion of the projected light and for permitting the reflected light from being distinguishable from the surrounding portions of the surface. Examples of suitable surfaces are walls, floors, ceilings, sheets of paper, the palm of a hand, etc.
As the signature is handwritten on the surface, the camera concurrently captures signature information with respect to the projected light 130. During the capture process, a portion of each image frame captured by the camera represents signature information in the form of the projected light reflected from the surface. Using the computer processor, the image-processing device processes the signature information to compile a signature image, which is an electronic representation of the handwritten signature 135. The signature image is displayed on the image-processing device's display 140.
Referring now to FIG. 3, in an alternative embodiment of the method according to the present invention, an image-processing device is provided that includes a camera, a display, and a computer processor communicatively connected to the camera and the display 120. In this embodiment, rather than projecting light onto a surface, the signing person handwrites the signature by projecting light directly at the image-processing device's camera using a light-emitting device (e.g., a stylus with an LED light at one end, an LED pen light, etc.) 145. An advantage of this approach is that it does not depend upon the availability of a suitable surface.
As the signing person is engaging in the signature motion and projecting the light from the light-emitting device toward the camera and within the camera's field of view, the camera concurrently captures signature information with respect to the projected light 150. The image-processing device's computer processor processes the signature information to compile a signature image 135, which is displayed on the image-processing device's display 140.
Referring now to FIG. 4, in an alternative embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the signing person handwrites a signature by moving his or her finger(s) in the air (e.g., in the free space proximate to the person) 160. Typically, the signing person faces the camera and positions his or her hand at approximately the height of his or her head. The signing person extends a finger(s) toward the camera and, while maintaining his or her hand in a position that is within the camera's field of view, executes a signature motion using finger and/or hand gestures. Using this technique facilitates the image-processing device's task of distinguishing the end of the signing person's finger from other objects in the background of each image frame captured by the camera. This task may further be facilitated by placing a distinctive covering on the signing person's finger and/or hand. For example, the tip of the signing person's finger may be covered with a thimble-like covering, which covering may have a distinctive color such as bright orange. By way of further example, the signing person may wear a glove having a uniform and distinctive color with respect to typical background objects.
While the signing person is handwriting his or her signature using finger movements, signature information with respect to the finger movements is concurrently acquired 165. The signature information may be positional information of the finger movements (e.g. the location of the fingertip within each image frame), or it may be signature-information images of the finger movements. The signature information is compiled into a signature image 170.
To supplement the present disclosure, this application incorporates entirely by reference the following patents, patent application publications, and patent applications: U.S. Pat. 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* * *
In the specification and/or figures, typical embodiments of the invention have been disclosed. The present invention is not limited to such exemplary embodiments. The use of the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The figures are schematic representations and so are not necessarily drawn to scale. Unless otherwise noted, specific terms have been used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation.

## Claims

1. A method for acquiring a person's signature, comprising:
concurrently acquiring signature information with respect to light movements projected in a signature motion sequence with an image-processing device; and
wherein the step of concurrently acquiring signature information with respect to the projected light movements comprises (i) capturing substantially all of the projected light movements in an overexposed signature-information image at selected time intervals, and (ii) compiling the overexposed signature-information images into a signature image that shows the position of the light movements at substantially every interval of time in the signature motion sequence.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of acquiring signature information with respect to the projected light movements comprises capturing positional information of the projected light movements.

3. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of concurrently analyzing the signature information during the step of acquiring signature information.

4. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of concurrently displaying the signature information during the step of compiling the signature information into a signature image.

5. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of displaying the compiled signature image.

6. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of recording the compiled signature image.

7. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of acquiring an image of the signing person's face.

8. A method for capturing signature information, comprising:
providing an image-processing device that includes (i) a camera for capturing signature information within the camera's field of view, (ii) a display for displaying signature information captured by the camera, and (iii) a computer processor communicatively connected to the camera and the display;
as a signature is handwritten on a surface in a signature motion sequence using a light-emitting device, concurrently capturing signature information with respect to projected light using the image-processing device's camera;
displaying the compiled signature image using the image-processing device's display;
wherein the step of concurrently acquiring signature information with respect to the projected light comprises (i) capturing substantially all of the projected light movements in an overexposed signature-information image at selected time intervals, and (ii) compiling the overexposed signature-information images into a signature image that shows the position of the light movements at substantially every interval of time in the signature motion sequence.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the step of capturing signature information with respect to the projected light comprises capturing positional information of the projected light using the image-processing device's camera.

10. The method according to claim 8, comprising the step of concurrently displaying the signature information using the image-processing device's display during the step of capturing the signature information.

11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the computer processor includes an associated memory for storing the signature information and/or the compiled signature image.

12. A method for capturing signature information, comprising:
providing an image-processing device that includes (i) a camera for capturing signature information within the camera's field of view, (ii) a display for displaying signature information captured by the camera, and (iii) a computer processor communicatively connected to the camera and the display;
concurrently capturing signature information with respect to light projected, using a light-emitting device, at the image-processing device's camera in a signature motion sequence using the image-processing device's camera; and
displaying the compiled signature image using the image-processing device's display;
wherein the step of concurrently acquiring signature information with respect to the projected light comprises (i) capturing substantially all of the projected light movements in an overexposed signature-information image at selected time intervals, and (ii) compiling the overexposed signature-information images into a signature image that shows the position of the light movements at substantially every interval of time in the signature motion sequence.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the step of capturing signature information with respect to the projected light comprises capturing positional information of the projected light using the image-processing device's camera.

14. The method according to claim 12, comprising the step of concurrently displaying the signature information using the image-processing device's display during the step of capturing the signature information.

15. The method according to claim 12, comprising the step of acquiring a facial image of the handwritten-signature's signee using the image-processing device's camera.

16. The method according to claim 12, wherein the computer processor includes an associated memory for storing the signature information and/or the compiled signature image.

17. A method for acquiring a person's signature, comprising:
concurrently acquiring signature information with respect to finger movements handwritten in the air in a signature motion sequence with an image-processing device; and
wherein the step of concurrently acquiring signature information with respect to the finger movements comprises (i) capturing substantially all of the finger movements in an overexposed signature-information image at selected time intervals, and (ii) compiling the overexposed signature-information images into a signature image that shows the position of the finger movements at substantially every interval of time in the signature motion sequence.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the step of acquiring signature information with respect to the finger movements comprises capturing positional information of the finger movements.

19. The method according to claim 17, comprising the step of concurrently analyzing the signature information during the step of acquiring signature information.

20. The method according to claim 17, comprising the step of concurrently displaying the signature information during the step of compiling the signature information into a signature image.

21. The method according to claim 17, comprising the step of displaying the compiled signature image.

22. The method according to claim 17, comprising the step of recording the compiled signature image.

23. The method according to claim 17, comprising the step of acquiring an image of the signing person's face.

24. A method for capturing signature information, comprising:
providing an image-processing device that includes (i) a camera for capturing signature information within the camera's field of view, (ii) a display for displaying signature information captured by the camera, and (iii) a computer processor communicatively connected to the camera and the display;
as a signature is handwritten in a signature motion sequence within the field of view of the image processing device's camera, concurrently capturing signature information using the image-processing device's camera; and
displaying the compiled signature image using the image-processing device's display;
wherein the step of concurrently acquiring signature information with respect to the projected light comprises (i) capturing substantially all of the signature motion in an overexposed signature-information image at selected time intervals, and (ii) compiling the overexposed signature-information images into a signature image that shows the position of the signature motion at substantially every interval of time in the signature motion sequence.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the step of capturing signature information comprises capturing hand-positioning information using the image-processing device's camera.

26. The method according to claim 24, wherein the step of capturing signature information comprises capturing signature-information images using the image-processing device's camera.

27. The method according to claim 24, comprising the step of concurrently displaying the signature information using the image-processing device's display during the step of capturing the signature information.

28. The method according to claim 24, comprising the step of acquiring a facial image of the handwritten-signature's signee using the image-processing device's camera.

29. The method according to claim 24, wherein the computer processor includes an associated memory for storing the signature information and/or the compiled signature image.