# Patent

## Title
Device and method for solar power generation

## Abstract

A photovoltaic device comprising an array of elongate reflector elements mounted substantially parallel to one another and transversely spaced in series, at least one of the reflector elements having an elongate concave reflective surface to reflect incident solar radiation towards a forward adjacent reflector element in the array. The at least one reflector element includes a photovoltaic receptor mounted on the reflector element by a mounting arrangement to receive reflected solar radiation from a rearward adjacent reflector element. The reflector element also includes a heat sink in heat transfer relationship with the photovoltaic receptor, thermally isolating the photovoltaic receptor, at least partially, from the reflector element.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/042,259, filed Sep. 30, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/528,763, filed Jun. 20, 2012, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,546,681, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/622,764, filed Nov. 20, 2009, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,304,644, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated by reference herein in its entirety and for all purposes.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The present application relates generally to the technical field of solar power generation, in one specific example, to a photovoltaic device. The application extends to a mounting unit and to a method of converting solar radiation to electrical power.
BACKGROUND
Various devices and systems are known for use in harvesting solar energy by the use of photovoltaic cells. These include slat concentrators, which are photovoltaic devices generally comprising a series of parallel trough-shaped off axis parabolic reflectors to concentrate sunlight on photovoltaic receptors mounted on respective adjacent reflectors. The reflectors are typically automatically actuated to track the sun in order to ensure accurate reflection and concentration of solar radiation on the photovoltaic receptors.
The photovoltaic receptors forming part of such concentrators have a limited lifespan and the photovoltaic devices therefore require periodic removal and replacement of the photovoltaic receptors. There is a relationship between the operating temperatures of the photovoltaic receptors and their lifespan. Additionally, a photovoltaic receptor generally displays higher efficiency at lower temperatures.
SUMMARY
In accordance with a first embodiment there is provided a photovoltaic device comprising an array of elongate reflector elements mounted substantially parallel to one another and transversely spaced in series, at least one of the reflector elements having an elongate concave reflective surface to reflect incident solar radiation towards a forward adjacent reflector element in the array. The at least one reflector element includes a photovoltaic receptor mounted on the reflector element by a mounting arrangement to receive reflected solar radiation from a rearward adjacent reflector element. The reflector element also includes a heat sink in heat transfer relationship with the photovoltaic receptor, thermally isolating the photovoltaic receptor, at least partially, from the reflector element.
The heat sink may include a set of cooling fins located between the photovoltaic receptor and the associated reflector element. A mounting arrangement may include a thermal expansion arrangement to compensate for varying rates of thermal expansion and contraction of the photovoltaic receptor and the mounting arrangement.
In accordance with a further embodiment, the reflector element includes a secondary optic device directing solar radiation reflected on to it by a rearward adjacent reflector element on to the associated photovoltaic receptor. The secondary optic device may include a secondary reflector mounted on the reflector element adjacent the photovoltaic receptor.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Some embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals indicate like parts, unless otherwise indicated. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a photovoltaic device in accordance with an example embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of the photovoltaic device in accordance with the example embodiment of FIG. 1, taken along line II-II in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view, on an enlarged scale, of part of a reflector element forming part of a photovoltaic device in accordance with the example embodiment of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is partial, exploded three-dimensional view of a photovoltaic assembly forming part of a photovoltaic device in accordance with the example embodiment of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a photovoltaic assembly in accordance with the example embodiment of FIG. 4, taken along line V-V in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a side view of part of a photovoltaic device in accordance with another example embodiment.
FIG. 7 is an isolated side view, on an enlarged scale, of a second of the optic device forming part of a photovoltaic device in accordance with the example embodiment of FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is an isolated side view of a secondary optic device in accordance with another example embodiment.
FIG. 9 is an isolated side view of a secondary optic device in accordance with a further embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a partial three-dimensional view of a photovoltaic assembly forming part of a photovoltaic device in accordance with yet a further example embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional end view of the photovoltaic assembly in accordance with the example embodiment of FIG. 10, taken along line X-X in FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a partial three-dimensional view of a photovoltaic assembly forming part of a photovoltaic device in accordance with yet another example embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Example photovoltaic devices and solar power generation methods are described. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of example embodiments. It will be evident, however, to one skilled in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.
In the drawings, reference numeral 10 generally indicates a photovoltaic device in accordance with an example embodiment. As can be seen in FIG. 1 of the drawings, the device 10 is a slat concentrator comprising an array of reflector troughs or reflector elements 17 which are mounted on a rigid frame 11. The frame 11 is displaceably connected by struts 22 to an anchored support in the form of a pair of pylons 14. In particular, the frame 11 may be pivotally displaceable about an operatively horizontal axis 13 to permit tracking of the sun, in order to assist with optimal orientation of the reflector elements 17 relative to the sun. The device 10 further includes a control arrangement to control pivotal displacement of the frame 11 about the axis 13.
The reflector elements 17 are substantially parallel to one another, being transversely spaced in series at regular intervals, so that longitudinal axes of the respective reflector elements 17 lie in a common plane. A reflector element 17 includes a mirror or reflective surface 16 to reflect and concentrate incident solar radiation or sunlight 54 on to a photovoltaic receptor 30 (see FIGS. 3-5) forming part of a photovoltaic assembly 20 mounted on a forward adjacent reflector element 17.
In an example embodiment, one or more reflector elements 17 includes an elongate plate member 18 of sheet material or plate material, the plate member 18 being held in place by a mirror support 24 (see FIG. 3) and a bottom support 32 connected respectively to a top edge and a bottom edge of the plate member 18. The mirror support 24 and the bottom support 32 extend between side rails 12 forming part of the frame 11, being fast with side rails 12. An upwardly directed surface of the plate member 18 has a reflective covering or coating, thus providing the reflective surface 16. In other embodiments, the reflective surface 16 may be provided by a mirror. The plate member 18 is curved, so that the reflective surface 16 is concave and has a constant cross-sectional profile along its length. In an option, each plate member 18 is curved. The reflector element 17 may provide an off-axis cylindrical parabolic mirror.
As can be seen in FIG. 2, the reflector elements 17 are positioned such the respective reflective surfaces 16 reflect and concentrate incident sunlight 54 on the photovoltaic assembly 20 mounted on the top edge of the forward adjacent plate member 18. For ease of illustration, the path travelled by incident sunlight 54 reflected by the reflective surfaces 16 is shown for only one of the reflector elements 17. Because the reflective surface 16 is elongate and has a constant sectional profile, the reflective surface 16 reflects and concentrates sunlight 54 on to a longitudinally extending target band on a rear of its forward adjacent reflector element 17. In an example embodiment, the reflective surfaces 16 have a concentration ratio of about 10, by which is meant that the area of the target band is 1/10 the area of incident sunlight on the reflective surface 16.
The photovoltaic assembly 20 includes a photovoltaic receptor in the form of an elongate photovoltaic laminate or strip 30 of photovoltaic cells (see FIGS. 2-4). The photovoltaic strip 30 is mounted on the respective reflector element 17 by a mounting arrangement, which holds the photovoltaic strip 30 in position such that an active face 50 (FIG. 4) of the photovoltaic strip 30 is located in the target band of sunlight 54 reflected by the reflective surface 16 of a rearward adjacent reflector element 17. The photovoltaic strip 30 converts solar energy into electrical power.
The mounting arrangement includes a heat sink 26 which is in heat transfer relationship with the photovoltaic strip 30, thermally isolating the photovoltaic receptor 30 from the reflector element 17 on which it is mounted. By “heat sink” is meant an object or system that absorbs and dissipates heat in order to protect heat-sensitive components. The mounting arrangement includes a heat sink base in the form of a photovoltaic receptor holder 27 provided by a series of holder sections 28 which are longitudinally aligned end-to-end. As can best be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, the holder section 28 comprises a flat backing plate 36, a pair of shallow webs 37 which project perpendicularly away from opposite side edges of the backing plate 36, and a pair of lips 38 which are parallel to the backing plate 36 and project towards each other from lower edges of the webs 37, to define between them a longitudinally extending slit 39 exposing the active face 50 of the strip 30.
The holder section 28 thus defines a shallow rectangular holding cavity which is complementary in cross-sectional profile to the cross-sectional outline of the photovoltaic strip 30. The holder sections 28 have open ends, so that the respective holding cavities of the sections 28 together define an elongate slot 43 in which the photovoltaic strip 30 is matingly received. The active face 50 of the photovoltaic strip 30 is in register with the slit 39 for receiving reflected and concentrated sunlight 54, while a reverse face 51 of the photovoltaic strip 30 bears against the backing plate 36. The reverse face 51 of the photovoltaic strip 30 may be bonded to the backing plate 36 by a thermally conductive adhesive, to permit conductive heat transfer between the strip 30 and the backing plate 36. Because the holder sections 28 have constant cross-sectional profiles and open ends, the photovoltaic strip 30 may be slidingly receivable, socket/spigot fashion, in the composite holder 27 formed by the sections 28.
The lips 38 bear against the active face 50 of the photovoltaic strip 30, anchoring the strip 30 against movement transversely away from the backing plate 36. Portions of the active face 50 adjacent its side edges are obscured by the lips 38, and that solar cells on the active face 50 of the photovoltaic strip 30 may be concentrated in a central longitudinally extending band which is in register with the slit 39. As can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the photovoltaic strip 30 is mounted by the holder 27 on the associated plate member 18 to face rearwards and downwards at an angle towards the rearward adjacent reflector element 17. The strip 30 is mounted on the associated reflector element 17 such that the target band of the rearward adjacent reflective surface 16 coincides with the slit 39 of the holder 27.
Adjacent ends of neighboring holder sections 28 are spaced by a thermal expansion gap 42. The series of expansion gaps 42 form a thermal expansion arrangement to compensate for thermal expansion of the photovoltaic strip 30 and the composite holder 27 at differing rates. In an example embodiment, the holder 27 is of a metal with a relatively high thermal conductivity coefficient, for instance being of aluminum, while the strip 30 is a laminate, which may include a layer of glass. In other embodiments, the holder 27 may, instead of being comprised of separate sections 28, be of monolithic or unitary construction while still including a thermal expansion arrangement such as, for example, regularly spaced openings or cuts.
In an embodiment, the heat sink 26 is in the form of a set of metal cooling fins 40. The fins 40 are parallel to one another and are transversely spaced in a series which extends along at least a portion of the length of the associated reflector element 17 (FIGS. 3 and 5). The fins 40 therefore lie in respective operatively upright planes. The fins 40 may be disposed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the plate member 18, so that, when the plate member 18 is disposed horizontally, the fins 40 are oriented vertically, to permit the passage of rising air through gaps between the fins 40. The set of cooling fins 40 is constructed such that, in longitudinal section, the fins 40 describe successive U-shaped profiles, so that the fins 40 project cantilever-fashion from a base 41. The base 41 of the set of fins 40 is connected face-to-face to a stiffening plate 46 which, in turn, is mounted on the associated plate member 18, as described in more detail below. The fins 40 are therefore anchored at their proximal ends, the holder sections 28 being connected to free or distal ends of the fins 40. In other words, the holder section 28 is connected to a bed of a fin end edges which respectively extend transversely across the width of the holder section 28. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the sections 28 and the fins 41 are more or less equal in width. With reference to FIG. 5, it will be noted that the thermal expansion gaps 42 are positioned between adjacent fins 40. Provision of the expansion gaps 42 permits some movement of holder sections 28 in their longitudinal direction relative to the stiffening plate 46, by elastic cantilevered flexing of the fins 40 connected to the holder sections 28. The structural unit formed by the stiffening plate 46, the set of cooling fins 40 and the holder 27 is therefore uninterrupted on one side, i.e. at the stiffening plate 46, while having regularly spaced breaks or interruptions provided by the thermal expansion gaps 42 on an opposite side.
The cooling fins 40 form part of the mounting arrangement, spacing the holder 27 and the photovoltaic strip 30 from the associated plate member 18 to form a convection gap 44 between the stiffening plate 46 and the heat sink base 28. This allows cooling of the fins 40, and hence cooling of the heat sink base 28 and the photovoltaic strip 30, by the passage of air due to natural convection through the convection gap 44.
In other embodiments, a set of cooling fins forming the heat sink may have a different construction. For example, the fins may be formed through moulding, casting or extrusion. The set of fins may instead be folded fins, for instance a continuous folded metal strip, or the fins may be stacked or skived fins. In yet other embodiments, the heat sink may be provided by pin fins.
The photovoltaic strip 30, the holder 27, the heat sink 26 and the stiffening plate 46 together form the photovoltaic assembly 20 which functions as a modular element, being removably and/or replaceably mounted on the associated plate member 18. In an example embodiment, the modular assembly 20 is mounted on the plate member 18 by the mirror support 24 (FIG. 3). The mirror support 24 is, in an option, in the form of an extrusion which extends along the length of the plate member 18 and defines a recess 58 clipped on to an upper edge of the plate member 18, to connect the mirror support 24 to the plate member 18 at its upper edge. The mirror support 24 also has a snapfit formation in the form of a pair of longitudinally extending lips or snap lugs 48 which are in snapfit engagement with the modular assembly 20, to hold the modular assembly 20 in position. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the modular assembly 20 includes a complementary snapfit formation comprising snap recesses or notches 52 in both side edges of the cooling fins 40 adjacent their proximal ends, to receive the complementarily shaped snap lugs 48. The notches 52 thus provide a connection arrangement for removably and replaceably connecting the assembly 20 to the mirror support 24. The mirror support 24 performs the dual functions of, on the one hand, supporting an upper edge of the plate member 18, and, on the other hand, connecting the assembly 20 to the plate member 18.
In use, the frame 11 is controlled by a control arrangement to track the sun by pivotal displacement of the frame 11 about the pivot axis 13. Incident sunlight 54 is reflected and concentrated by the reflective surface 16 on to the photovoltaic assembly 20 mounted on the neighboring reflector element 17 in front of it. The concave parabolic reflective surface 16 concentrates sunlight 54 falling on it on to a target band coinciding with the slit 39 in the holder 27 of the forward adjacent reflector element 17. The sunlight 54 is therefore reflected and concentrated on the active face 50 of the adjacent photovoltaic strip 30 exposed by the slit 39, resulting in the generation of electric power by the photovoltaic strip 30.
Due to its exposure to and absorption of concentrated sunlight 54, the photovoltaic strip 30 increases in temperature. Excessive heating of the photovoltaic strip 30 may adversely affect its conversion efficacy and life expectancy. However, the photovoltaic strip 30 is cooled, in use, by heat exchange with the heat sink 26. Heat is transferred from the photovoltaic strip 30 by conduction to the backing plates 36 with which the strip 30 is in thermally conductive contact. It will be appreciated that the photovoltaic strip 30 will tend to separate from the backing plate 36 under gravity, owing to the orientation of the assembly 20, and that the provision of a thermally conductive bonding between the reverse face 51 of the strip 30 and the backing plates 36 promotes thermal conduction between the strip 30 and the backing plates 36.
The backing plates 36 are in turn connected to the cooling fins 40 in a conductive heat transfer relationship, so that heat received by the backing plates 36 is transferred to the cooling fins 40. The cooling fins 40 are cooled by ambient air passing through gaps between the cooling fins 40 due to natural convection. Excessive heat in the photovoltaic strip 30 is thus dissipated by the heat sink 26. Such passive cooling due to convection is promoted by the upright orientation of the cooling fins 40 and positioning of the modular assemblies 20 near top edges of the plate members 18. Rising air is thus guided by an underside of each plate member 18 towards and through the cooling fins 40, while upright orientation of the cooling fins 40 results in minimal baffling or obstruction of air passing through the heat sink 26.
In use, the photovoltaic strip 30 and the holder 27 experience temperature variations and consequently change in length due to thermal expansion and contraction. However, the strip 30 and holder 27 expand and contract at different rates, owing to differences in their material properties. The expansion gaps 42 compensate for thermal expansion and contraction of the strip 30 and the holder 27 at different rates, to ameliorate internal stresses in the photovoltaic strip 30. It is to be noted that connection of the holder sections 28 to the distal ends of the fins 40 allows substantially unrestrained lengthening and shortening of the holder sections 28, as well as longitudinal movement of the holder sections 28 relative to one another, due to cantilevered elastic flexing of the fins 40.
Removable and replaceable mounting of the modular assemblies 20 on the plate members 18 facilitates removal and replacement of the photovoltaic strip 30. When a strip 30 reaches the end of its lifetime, the modular assembly 20 is removed as a unit and is replaced by a photovoltaic assembly 20 with a new photovoltaic strip 30. Such removal and replacement of the photovoltaic assemblies 20 is achieved by snapfit engagement of the snap lugs 48 with the notches 52.
Furthermore, the holder 27, the cooling fins 40 and the stiffening plate 46 forms a mounting unit which is reusable by removal and replacement of the photovoltaic strip 30. Such removal and replacement is achieved by sliding movement of the strip 30 in the slot 39 provided for it by the aligned holder sections 28.
The example embodiment extends to a solar power installation (not shown) or solar power plant comprising a multitude of the photovoltaic devices 10 installed in a common location and electrically connected together for the generation of electrical power. It is to be noted that ready removal and replacement of the photovoltaic assemblies 20 is particularly advantageous in such a solar power installation, as it reduces on-site maintenance loads.
FIG. 6 shows part of another example embodiment of a photovoltaic device 70. Similar to the device 10 of FIG. 1, the device 70 of FIG. 6 comprises an array of parallel reflector elements 80 with respective off-axis parabolic reflective surfaces 16 to reflect sunlight 54 on to a photovoltaic strips 30 mounted on adjacent reflector element 80. For ease of illustration, only two of the reflector elements 80 are shown in FIG. 6. In the example embodiment of FIG. 6, each reflector element 80 is an extruded hollow metal element having a front side which forms the reflective surface 16, and a rear side on which the photovoltaic strip 30 is mounted.
As can best be seen in FIG. 7, each reflector element 80 includes a secondary optic device 82 to direct sunlight 54 which falls on the secondary optic device 82 on to the photovoltaic strip 30. In the example embodiment, the secondary optic device 82 includes a recess in the form of a trough or channel 112. The channel 112 is generally splayed U-shaped in cross-sectional outline, having a base with opposed side walls 84 diverging from opposite side edges of the base. Each of the side walls 84 of the channel 112 has a reflective covering or coating, thus forming a secondary reflector for reflecting sunlight on to the photovoltaic strip 30. The photovoltaic strip 30 is located on the base of channel 112, with the active face 50 of the photovoltaic strip 30 facing towards an open mouth of the channel 12.
The device 70 further includes a heat sink 86 comprising a vertically spaced series of horizontally extending cooling fins which are integrally formed with the extruded element 80. In other embodiments, the cooling fins of the heat sink 86 may have an upright orientation. In another embodiment, the positions of the heat sink 86 and the secondary optic device 82 may be inverted, so that heat sink 86 is positioned adjacent a top edge of the reflector element 80, the secondary optic device being located below the heat sink 86.
In operation, sunlight 54 is reflected and concentrated by the reflective parabolic surface 16 of each reflector element 80 towards the channel 112 and photovoltaic strip 30 of a forward adjacent reflector element 80. As can be seen in FIG. 7, the orientation of the reflective side walls 84 of the channel 112 relative to the parabolic reflective surface 16 of the rearward adjacent reflector element 80 is such that any sunlight 54 reflected by the parabolic reflective surface 16 into the channel 112 is further reflected by the reflective side walls 84 of the channel 112 on to the photovoltaic strip 30. The reflective side walls 84 of the channel 112 direct on to the photovoltaic strip 30 sunlight 54 reflected on to them by the rearward adjacent parabolic reflective surface 16.
Provision of the secondary optic device 82 effectively widens the target band on which sunlight has to be reflected by the parabolic reflective surface 16 in order for the sunlight 54 to impinge on the photovoltaic strip 30. Because of this wider target band or target area, the margin for error in tracking the sun photovoltaic strip 30 is reduced, advantageously allowing for use of less accurate, and therefore less expensive control arrangements. In an example, the device 70 has a tracking margin for error of 2-3°, as opposed to a tracking error of 1° without the secondary optic device 82. The device 70 is also more robust due to the secondary optic device 82, as the device 70 is less sensitive to misdirection of reflected light owing to warping or relative displacement of component parts of the device 70.
Furthermore, the concentration factor or ratio may be increased, so that more sunlight is directed on to the photovoltaic strip 30 than would be the case without the secondary optic device 82. In an example, the concentration ratio of the device 80 may be improved from 10 to 20 by the secondary optic device 82. Such greater concentration of sunlight on to the photovoltaic strip 30 results in a reduction in the amount, i.e. the total area, of photovoltaic strip or solar cells needed to generate a given amount of electrical energy, thus increasing the cost effectiveness of the device 80. It will be appreciated that in example embodiments where the secondary optic device 82 doubles the concentration ratio, the photovoltaic cell area may be halved.
FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of a secondary optic device 90, which includes a bifacial photovoltaic strip 92 and forms part of an extruded reflector element 91. The strip 92 has two oppositely outwardly facing major surfaces 94 which contain solar cells for the conversion of sunlight to electric power. In an option, both major surfaces 94 contain solar cells. Similar to the secondary optic device 82 of FIG. 6, the secondary optic device 90 of FIG. 8 includes a longitudinally extending channel 95 with reflective interior walls 84. In an example, the channel 95 is U-shaped in cross-sectional outline, with orthogonal or perpendicular side walls and a flat base wall.
The bifacial photovoltaic strip 94 is longitudinally aligned with the channel 95 and is mounted centrally in a mouth of the channel 95. The strip 94 is therefore flanked by longitudinally extending openings 97 leading into the interior of the channel 95.
In operation, sunlight reflected and concentrated by an adjacent reflector element 91 may strike an outwardly directed face 94 of the strip 92, or may be reflected by the reflective interior walls 84 of the channel 95 on to the inwardly directed face 94 of the strip 92. This is illustrated with reference to two representative reflected rays numbered 96 and 98 in FIG. 8. Ray 96, for example, falls directly on the outwardly directed face 94 of the strip 92, while ray 98 passes through one of the openings 97 flanking the strip 92, and is reflected first by a side wall 84 and then by the base, so that it impinges on the inwardly directed face 94 of the strip 92. It is to be noted that the particular cross-sectional shape of the channel 95, as well as the positioning of the strip 92, can be varied in other embodiments. For instance, the channel 95 can, in other embodiments, have a true parabolic cross-sectional outline so that the channel 95 forms a parabolic reflector, with the strip 92 being mounted at a focal point of the parabolic reflector.
In other embodiments, a secondary optic device mounted on a reflector element may comprise one or more lenses to concentrate and/or direct reflected sunlight on to a photovoltaic receptor.
FIG. 9 illustrates yet a further embodiment of a secondary optic device 100 forming part of a reflector element 101. The secondary optic device 100 of FIG. 9 is similar in configuration to the secondary optic device 82 of FIGS. 6 and 7. In the embodiment of FIG. 9, a channel 102 of the secondary optic device 100 has a segmented, curved U-shaped cross-sectional outline, roughly approximating a parabolic curve. As illustrated in FIG. 9, the channel 102 has reflective interior walls 104 to reflect sunlight received from an adjacent reflector element 101 onto the photovoltaic strip 30 located at a base of the channel 95.
FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate another embodiment of a modular photovoltaic assembly 110 for mounting on a reflector element in a photovoltaic device similar to the device 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1-5. The modular assembly 110 of FIGS. 10 and 11 combines the provision of a heat sink 116 between a photovoltaic strip 30 and an associated reflector element (not shown in FIGS. 10-12) with the provision of a secondary optic device similar to the embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 6-9.
The modular assembly 110 thus includes a splayed U-shaped recess 112 with reflective longitudinally extending side walls 84, a photovoltaic strip 30 being mounted at a base of the recess 112 such that its active face 50 is directed outwardly. The recess side walls 84 is provided by respective inclined plates 118 extending longitudinally along the assembly 112 and having reflective coatings or coverings 84. The inclined plates 118 are fast with a holder 120 that defines a longitudinally extending slot 122 in which the photovoltaic strip 30 is complementarily received such that the reverse face 51 of the strip 30 bears against a backing plate 124 forming part of the holder 120.
The assembly 110 further includes a heat sink 116 in the form of a set of cooling fins 114 which, in operation, have an upright orientation and space the backing plate 124 from a reflector element on which the assembly 110 is mounted, forming a convection gap 44 (see FIG. 11) between the backing plate 124 and a fin base 126 to which the fins 114 are fixed cantilever-fashion. The fins 114 are connected not only to the holder 120, but also to the inclined plates 118, to form buttress-like supports for the inclined plates 118.
Similar to the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1-5, holder 120 may comprise sections 128 separated by thermal expansion gaps 42, the expansion gaps 42 extending through the inclined plates 118. Each holder section 128 is fast with the cooling fins 114. Although not shown in FIGS. 10-12, the cooling fins 114 may be connected together and supported by a stiffening plate similar to the stiffening plate 46 of FIGS. 4 and 5.
In operation, the modular assembly 110 functions similarly to the modular assembly 20 of FIGS. 1-5, with the additional feature that the modular assembly 110 includes a secondary optic device provided by the reflective inclined plates 118. The assembly 110 is removably and/or replaceably mountable on a reflector element comprising a plate member 18 (FIGS. 1 and 2), to permit removal and replacement of the assembly 110 when the lifetime of the photovoltaic strip 30 expires. The assembly 110 can be reconditioned off-site by sliding removal and replacement of the photovoltaic strip 30 from the slot 122. As mentioned above, the photovoltaic strip 30 may be connected to the backing plate 124 by a thermally conductive adhesive. Is to be noted, however, that in other embodiments, the heat sink may be integrally formed with a reflector element, so that it does not form part of any removable and replaceable component.
In FIG. 12, reference numeral 130 indicates another example embodiment of a photovoltaic assembly which incorporates a heat sink 116 and a secondary optic device 112. The assembly 130 is similar in construction and operation to the assembly 110 described with reference to FIG. 11, except that the divergent reflective side walls 84 of the secondary optic device 112 describe a narrower angle between them than is the case in the assembly 110 of FIG. 10.
A photovoltaic device, a mounting unit, and a method of converting solar radiation to electrical power have been described. Although the embodiments have been described with reference to specific example embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b), requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, it can be seen that various features are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment.

## Claims

1. A photovoltaic device comprising:
a reflector element;
a photovoltaic receptor mounted to the reflector element; and
a heat sink disposed between the reflector element and the photovoltaic receptor, the heat sink in thermal communication with the photovoltaic receptor and configured to conduct heat from the photovoltaic receptor, wherein the heat sink comprises a set of cooling fins which are substantially parallel to one another.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the heat sink is mounted on a rear surface of the reflector element between the reflector element and the photovoltaic receptor.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the heat sink is configured to conduct heat from the photovoltaic receptor, in a direction toward the reflector and is configured to reduce the conduction of heat from the photovoltaic receptor to the reflector element.

4. The device of claim 1, further comprising an array of elongate reflector elements mounted substantially parallel to one another and transversely spaced in series, a plurality of photovoltaic receptors mounted to respective elongate reflector elements, a plurality of heat sinks associated with respective elongate reflector elements, a plurality of frames supporting the elongate reflector elements, and a controller to control pivotal displacements of the frames.

5. The device of claim 1, further comprising a mounting arrangement by which the photovoltaic receptor is mounted to the reflector element.

6. The device of claim 5, wherein the mounting arrangement spaces the photovoltaic receptor from the reflector element, providing a convection gap between the reflector element and the photovoltaic receptor, the heat sink forming part of the mounting arrangement and being located, at least partially, in the convection gap.

7. The device of claim 5, wherein the photovoltaic receptor comprises an elongate photovoltaic strip, the mounting arrangement including an elongate holder engaged with the photovoltaic strip, the mounting arrangement further including a thermal expansion arrangement.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein the reflector element has a secondary optic device directing solar radiation reflected onto it by a rearward adjacent reflector element onto the photovoltaic receptor.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein the secondary optic device comprises at least one secondary reflector coupled with the reflector element.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein the heat sink is integrated with the reflector element.

11. A photovoltaic device comprising:
a reflector element;
a photovoltaic receptor mounted to the reflector element in a spaced relationship with ambient air between the photovoltaic receptor and the reflector element;
a heat sink configured to dissipate heat to the ambient air disposed between the reflector element and the photovoltaic receptor; and
a mounting arrangement configured to mount the heat sink and the photovoltaic receptor to the reflector element such that the heat sink is disposed between the reflector element and the photovoltaic receptor when the photovoltaic device is assembled.

12. The photovoltaic device of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of photovoltaic receptors, a plurality of reflectors, and a plurality of heat sinks.

13. The photovoltaic device of claim 11, wherein the heat sink comprises a plurality of fins.

14. The photovoltaic device of claim 11, wherein the reflector element comprises a concave reflective surface disposed towards a forward adjacent reflector element.

15. A photovoltaic device comprising:
a reflector element;
a solar energy receptor coupled with the reflector element; and
means for conducting heat from the solar energy receptor in a direction extending from the solar energy receptor toward the reflector element and dissipating the heat thereby reducing the conduction of the heat to the reflector element, wherein the means for conducting heat comprises a finned heat sink, and wherein the reflector element comprises an elongate reflector element having a reflective side configured to concentrate sunlight and a back side, the solar energy receptor being coupled to the back side.

16. The device of claim 15, wherein the solar energy receptor comprises a photovoltaic receptor.