Fourth Court of Appeals

San Antonio, Texas

MEMORANDUM OPINION

No. 04-13-00382-CR

Latoya MAYBERRY,

Appellant

v.

The STATE of Texas,

Appellee

From the 437th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas

Trial Court No. 2010CR1138

Honorable Lori I. Valenzuela, Judge Presiding

Opinion by: Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice

Sitting: Catherine Stone, Chief Justice

Marialyn Barnard, Justice

Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice

Delivered and Filed: August 27, 2014

AFFIRMED

Pursuant to the terms of a plea bargain, Latoya Mayberry pled guilty to burglary, was 

placed on deferred adjudication for seven years, and was ordered to pay restitution, a fine of 

$1,500, and court costs. On appeal, Mayberry challenges the trial court’s pretrial rulings. We 

affirm the trial court’s judgment.

BACKGROUND

During his investigation of Mayberry’s case, her counsel came to believe that Darrell Clark 

would be a possible witness. In February 2009, Mayberry served a subpoena duces tecum on an 
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officer with the parole office. The subpoena ordered the parole officer to deliver Clark’s parole 

records, consisting of over two-hundred pages of documents, to an investigator for Mayberry’s 

counsel at counsel’s office. The officer complied with the subpoena.

Almost a year later, the district attorney’s office learned about the subpoena and issued its 

own subpoena duces tecum, requiring the parole officer to produce Clark’s parole records. The 

officer contacted Mayberry’s counsel because she could not locate Clark’s records.1 In March 

2010, the State filed a motion to order Mayberry’s counsel to turn over the parole records to the 

trial court. The State also served a subpoena duces tecum on Mayberry’s counsel’s investigator, 

ordering him to produce the records in court for a hearing on the motion.

Mayberry filed a response and a motion to quash the subpoena on the investigator. He 

represented that although he was willing to return a copy of the records to the parole officer, he 

would decline to do so until the conclusion of Mayberry’s trial and potential appeals. He argued 

the records sought by the subpoena constituted his work product and were not subject to discovery.

At a March 2010 hearing on the motions, the parole officer testified she had been unable 

to locate Clark’s parole records when the State served its subpoena. She testified she needed the 

records because a parole hearing was to be held in Clark’s case later that month and the records 

were “vital” to her preparation for the hearing.

The trial court granted the State’s motion and ordered Mayberry’s counsel to turn over the 

records to the court. The court informed the parties that it would then turn over the records to the 

parole office and that she would ensure that Mayberry’s counsel had a copy of the records. The 

State eventually obtained a copy of the records from the parole office.

1 The record does not conclusively show whether the parole office mistakenly turned over Clark’s original parole 

records, or whether it simply misplaced them after turning over copies of the records.

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In October 2012, Mayberry filed a motion to disqualify the Bexar County Criminal District 

Attorney and her entire office. Mayberry argued that disqualification was necessary because the 

State had obtained her counsel’s notes about his potential questioning of Clark, which had been 

handwritten on the parole records turned over to the court. Although the trial court denied the 

motion, it ordered the State to substitute assistant district attorneys who had not previously been 

assigned to the 437th District Court and who had not seen Mayberry’s counsel’s handwritten notes. 

It also ordered that those attorneys, if they needed to review Clark’s parole records, would only be 

provided copies that did not contain any of Mayberry’s counsel’s notes.

In May 2013, the State and Mayberry entered into a plea agreement through which she 

preserved her right to appeal pretrial rulings.

DISCUSSION

On appeal, Mayberry contends that the trial court erred by ordering her counsel to turn over 

the parole records and by denying her motion to disqualify. Mayberry asks this court to reverse 

the judgment below, remand the cause for new trial, and to direct the trial court to appoint a special 

prosecutor.

A. ORDER TO TURN OVER PAROLE RECORDS

Mayberry contends the trial court’s order compelling her counsel to turn over his copies of 

Clark’s parole records allowed the State to obtain improper discovery and violated the workproduct doctrine.

1) Discovery

Discovery in criminal cases has historically been quite limited. See Washington v. State, 

856 S.W.2d 184, 187 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993). Article 39.14 governs what material and information 

the defendant and the State may seek to discover from the other. See Act of May 21, 1999, 67th 

Leg., R.S., ch. 578, § 1, 1999 Tex. Gen. Laws 3118 (amended 2005, 2009 & 2014) (current version 

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at TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 39.14 (West Supp. 2014)).2 Both parties are also authorized 

to seek subpoenas to compel the appearance of a witness and subpoenas duces tecum to compel a 

witness to produce in court materials in their possession. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 

24.01; 24.02 (West 2009).

Mayberry argues the trial court’s order permitted the State to improperly obtain discovery. 

We disagree. The records in Mayberry’s counsel’s possession were the only extant copies of 

official government records that are supposed to remain confidential. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN.

§ 508.313 (West 2012). Those records or copies of them had been handed directly to Mayberry’s 

counsel’s investigator at counsel’s office, rather than produced in court. See TEX. CODE CRIM.

PROC. ANN. art. 24.02 (“If a witness have in his possession any instrument of writing or other thing 

desired as evidence, the subpoena may specify such evidence and direct that the witness bring the 

same with him and produce it in court.”) (emphasis added). The parole officer testified that the 

parole office independently needed the records because Clark had an upcoming parole hearing and 

that they were vital to her preparation for the hearing. The State did not ask the trial court to order 

Mayberry’s counsel to turn over the records to its assistant district attorneys, but to the parole 

office. And the trial court did not order Mayberry’s counsel to produce the records to the district 

attorney’s office, but rather to the court, with the understanding that the court would turn over the 

records to the parole office. Under the unique circumstances of this case, we conclude that the trial 

court’s order did not constitute “discovery.”

2) Work Product

“The work-product doctrine is designed for the benefit of the lawyer by protecting the 

lawyer from being compelled to disclose ‘the fruits of his labor to his adversary.’” Carmona v. 

2 This opinion discusses the law of discovery as it existed prior to January 1, 2014, when the Michael Morton Act 

became effective and significantly changed discovery procedure.

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State, 941 S.W.2d 949, 953 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997) (quoting STEVEN GOODE, OLIN GUY 

WELLBORN III & M. MICHAEL SHARLOT, 1 TEXAS PRACTICE GUIDE TO THE TEXAS RULES OF 

EVIDENCE: CIVIL AND CRIMINAL 231 (West 1988)). “The work product doctrine creates a 

privileged area within which attorneys can analyze and prepare a case without fear that the fruits 

of their labor will be disclosed for the other side’s use . . . .” Adams v. State, 969 S.W.2d 106, 114 

(Tex. App.—Dallas 1998, no pet.).

Mayberry argued to the trial court that the parole records became her counsel’s work 

product once he subpoenaed them. We disagree. In Adams v. State, the State had permitted the 

defendant to make a copy of the State’s recording of the defendant while he was at the police 

station following his arrest. 969 S.W.2d at 112. The State accidentally destroyed its original 

recording before trial. Id. at 112–13. It then compelled through subpoena the defendant to produce 

his copy in court and introduced it into evidence in its case-in-chief. Id. at 113. The Dallas court 

of appeals rejected the defendant’s complaint that the subpoena violated the work-product 

doctrine, holding “[t]he notion that information which is tendered as a result of court ordered or 

statutorily mandated discovery, can be converted into privileged information, though it has not 

been altered since tendering, enhanced by fruits of an attorney’s labor since tendering, or added to 

with communicative actions after tendering is a novel one . . . [A]nd we reject it out of hand.” Id.

at 114. We agree, and hold that Clark’s parole records were not transformed into protected work 

product merely because Mayberry’s counsel acquired them through subpoena.

However, Mayberry argues that the trial court’s order violated the work-product doctrine 

because the records turned over to the court contained her counsel’s handwritten notes concerning 

his potential questioning of Clark. Yet the record shows that Mayberry never informed the trial 

court at the March 2010 hearing that her counsel’s notes were on the records. The first time she 

drew the court’s attention to this fact was almost a year-and-a-half later when she filed her motion 

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to disqualify the Bexar County Criminal District Attorney’s Office. In order to preserve a 

complaint that the trial court ordered her counsel to turn over his work product because his notes 

were on the records, Mayberry’s counsel was required to inform the trial court of that basis for her 

objection at a time when the trial court could have protected her counsel’s notes from disclosure. 

See Lankston v. State, 827 S.W.2d 907, 909 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992) (“As regards specificity, all a 

party has to do to avoid the forfeiture of a complaint on appeal is to let the trial judge know what 

he wants, why he thinks himself entitled to it, and to do so clearly enough for the judge to 

understand him at a time when the trial court is in a proper position to do something about it.”). 

Because Mayberry handed over the records without making such a complaint, she did not preserve 

her complaint that the trial court’s order to turn over the parole records would disclose her 

counsel’s notes.

B. DISQUALIFICATION OF THE BEXAR COUNTY CRIMINAL DISTRICT ATTORNEY

Mayberry complains the trial court erred by not disqualifying the Bexar County Criminal 

District Attorney and her entire office from prosecuting Mayberry’s case. Mayberry argues 

disqualification was necessary to ensure her counsel’s notes were not used against her.

The Code of Criminal Procedure allows for the disqualification of an elected district 

attorney in two limited cases, neither of which applies here. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 

2.08 (West Supp. 2014). However, the Court of Criminal Appeals has indicated in dicta that a trial 

court may also have the limited authority to disqualify an elected district attorney if her continued 

representation of the State would amount to a violation of due process. State ex rel. Young v. Sixth 

Judicial Dist. Court of Appeals at Texarkana, 236 S.W.3d 207, 211 n.15 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007).

Mayberry is unable to show a due-process violation in her case. After she brought her 

complaint that the State had inadvertently obtained her counsel’s notes to the trial court’s attention, 

the State offered to substitute assistant district attorneys on Mayberry’s case who had not seen the 

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notes. The court ordered the State to do so and ordered that the new assistant district attorneys not 

receive a copy of Clark’s parole records that contained counsel’s notes. There is no evidence in 

the record that the State did not comply with the court’s order. Because the record does not show 

that Mayberry’s counsel’s notes were used by the District Attorney to obtain Mayberry’s 

conviction, there was no due-process violation.

CONCLUSION

We overrule Mayberry’s two points of error and affirm the trial court’s judgment.

Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice

Do Not Publish

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