NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

STRICT SCRUTINY MEDIA CO., 

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

 v. 

CITY OF RENO, 

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 19-15372 

D.C. No. 

3:16-cv-00734-MMD-WGC 

MEMORANDUMP0F

*

P

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the District of Nevada

Miranda M. Du, Chief District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted June 11, 2020

San Francisco, California

Before: MILLER and HUNSAKER, Circuit Judges, and RAYES,P

*

1F

*

P District Judge.

Plaintiff-Appellant Strict Scrutiny Media Co. (SSM) appeals the dismissal of 

several of its claims and the grant of summary judgment for Defendant-Appellee

City of Reno (Reno) on the rest of its claims. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. 

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The Honorable Douglas L. Rayes, United States District Judge for the 

District of Arizona, sitting by designation.

FILED

JUL 8 2020

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2 

§ 1291, and we affirm. 

1. The district court dismissed SSM’s claims challenging Reno’s 

ordinances governing on-premisesP2F

1

P signs for lack of standing. We review standing 

decisions de novo. Real v. City of Long Beach, 852 F.3d 929, 933 (9th Cir. 2017). 

Standing requires (1) an injury in fact; (2) a sufficient causal connection between 

the injury and the defendant’s conduct; and (3) a likelihood that the injury will be 

redressed by a favorable decision of the court. Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus, 

573 U.S. 149, 157–58 (2014). In Get Outdoors II, LLC v. City of San Diego, we 

held that an outdoor advertising company had standing to challenge only those 

ordinances that applied to it. 506 F.3d 886, 892 (9th Cir. 2007). 

Here, SSM—an outdoor advertising company specializing in securing leases 

and constructing billboards on the leased property for the purpose of renting them

to third parties—failed to demonstrate the on-premises ordinances apply to its 

business. SSM’s operative pleading alleges it suffered harm from Reno’s ban on 

new off-premises advertising displays. Specifically, SSM alleges it has lost 

revenue from third parties seeking to rent advertising space. SSM has not alleged

1 Reno’s Land Development Code (RLDC) defines on-premises signs, in pertinent 

part, as those “created for the purpose of advertising . . . the commercial interests

of any person . . . which is principally sold, available or otherwise provided on the 

premises on which the [sign] is located.” RLDC § 18.24.203.4570(29). Offpremises signs, on the other hand, are those that advertise commercial interests not 

available on the same premises as the sign. See id. § 18.24.203.4570(24).
3 

that this harm arises from the on-premises ordinances, nor has it alleged that it

suffers any other harm because of those ordinances. Thus, SSM lacks standing to 

challenge the on-premises ordinances,see id., and the district court did not err in 

dismissing SSM’s claims related to those ordinances.P3F

2

P

2. SSM also challenges the district court’s dismissal of various 

allegations and claims as beyond the scope of amendment the district court

permitted in its first dismissal order. We review this issue for abuse of discretion. 

AE ex rel. Hernandez v. County of Tulare, 666 F.3d 631, 636 (9th Cir. 2012). The 

district court’s order dismissing the First Amended Complaint (FAC) with leave to 

amend could have been clearer regarding which claims SSM could amend and 

which it could not. But SSM’s briefing on this issue could hardly be more 

enigmatic. Like the district court, we spent “extensive time” attempting to

“untangl[e]” SSM’s allegations and arguments made both here and below to little 

avail. Indeed, we do not fault the district court for trying to impose some order on 

2 Reno now argues SSM’s claims are moot because the existing signs SSM had—

which were on-premises signs—were ordered removed by a Nevada state court in 

litigation between SSM and the property owner where the signs were located and 

SSM’s time to appeal that decision has passed. We need not reach this issue as it 

relates to the on-premises sign claims due to our decision on standing. And we 

conclude that these recent events, even if true, do not render moot SSM’s claims 

related to the off-premises sign ordinances because SSM’s allegations indicate it 

faces a threat of future harm and has a continuing “personal stake” in the outcome 

of this litigation. See Cole v. Oroville Union High Sch. Dist., 228 F.3d 1092, 1099 

(9th Cir. 2008).
4 

SSM’s constantly shifting arguments. See Valadez-Lopez v. Chertoff, 656 F.3d 

851, 859 (9th Cir. 2011) (concluding a district court need not “piece together a 

theory of liability from a string of unrelated and incoherent assertions”); Ferdik v. 

Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1260 (9th Cir. 1992), as amended (May 22, 1992) (noting 

“[d]istrict courts have the inherent power to control their dockets”). “We will not 

manufacture arguments for [SSM],” and we hold that SSM waived its scope-ofamendment challenges by failing “to present a specific, cogent argument for our 

consideration.”P4F

3

P Greenwood v. FAA, 28 F.3d 971, 977 (9th Cir. 1994) (citation 

omitted). 

3. Finally, SSM challenges the denial of its partial motion for summary 

judgment and grant of Reno’s motion for summary judgment. Our above analysis 

resolves most of SSM’s arguments regarding its partial motion for summary 

judgment. Additionally, we agree with the district court that the off-premises 

ordinances are not content-based restrictions favoring certain types of speech over 

others and that SSM’s arguments to the contrary are based on a misunderstanding 

of the on-premises/off-premises distinction, which applies only to commercial 

speech. Reno’s ban on off-premises billboards applies only to billboards “created 

3 Because we cannot determine on the record presented that the district court erred

in limiting the scope of claims SSM could amend when it dismissed the FAC, we 

do not address whether the district court erred in dismissing without prejudice new 

claims asserted in SSM’s Second Amended Complaint as beyond the scope of 

allowed amendment. 
5 

for the purpose of advertising or promoting the commercial interest of any person . 

. . which is not principally sold, available or otherwise provided on the premises.” 

RLDC § 18.24.203.4570(24). This is a commercial speech restriction. See Coyote 

Pub’g, Inc. v. Miller, 598 F.3d 592, 598 (9th Cir. 2010) (explaining commercial 

speech does “no more than propose a commercial transaction”). As such, the 

district court did not err in evaluating SSM’s challenge to the off-premises 

ordinances under Central Hudson’sP5F

4

P test for commercial speech, rather than 

Reed’sP6F

5

P strict scrutiny standard. And, on appeal, SSM does not challenge the 

merits of the district court’s Central Hudson analysis. Accordingly, we conclude

the district court did not err in granting Reno’s motion for summary judgment. 

Appellee’s motions for judicial notice [Dkt. 41 & 44] are denied. 

AFFIRMED. 

4 Cent. Hudson Gas & Elec. Corp. v. Pub. Serv. Comm’n of N.Y., 447 U.S. 557 

(1980).

5 Reed v. Town of Gilbert, 135 S. Ct. 2218 (2015).