Supreme Court 

 No. 2015-340-Appeal. 

(PC 11-2346) 

 

Boghos Terzian :

v. :

James J. Lombardi, in his capacity as 

Treasurer for the City of Providence, et al.

:

 

NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before 

publication in the Rhode Island Reporter. Readers are 

requested to notify the Opinion Analyst, Supreme Court of 

Rhode Island, 250 Benefit Street, Providence, Rhode Island 

02903, at Telephone 222-3258 of any typographical or other 

formal errors in order that corrections may be made before the 

opinion is published. 

April 3, 2018
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Supreme Court

No. 2015-340-Appeal.

(PC 11-2346)

Boghos Terzian :

v. :

James J. Lombardi, in his capacity as 

Treasurer for the City of Providence, et al.

:

Present: Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Flaherty, Robinson, and Indeglia, JJ.

O P I N I O N

Justice Robinson, for the Court. The plaintiff, Boghos Terzian, appeals from a June 

12, 2015 final judgment entered following a bench decision in Providence County Superior 

Court granting the motions for summary judgment filed by the defendants, Laborers’

International Union of North America, AFL-CIO, Public Service Employees’ Local Union 

Number 1033 (the Union) and James J. Lombardi, in his capacity as Treasurer for the City of 

Providence. Mr. Terzian argues on appeal that the hearing justice erred in granting defendants’ 

motions for summary judgment because, he contends, the City of Providence could not suspend 

and ultimately terminate him for off-duty conduct and because the Union did not comply with its 

duty to fairly represent him.1

For the reasons set forth in this opinion, we affirm the judgment of the Superior Court. 

 

1

This appeal first came before this Court on February 8, 2017 pursuant to an order 

directing the parties to appear and show cause why the issues raised in this appeal should not be 

summarily decided. After hearing the arguments of the parties and examining the memoranda 

filed by the parties, we concluded that cause had been shown, and we assigned this case to the 

regular calendar for further briefing and argument.
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I

Facts and Travel

Although it appears from the record that there are some disputed facts in the instant case, 

the essential facts are not in dispute. For our purposes, we need only relate those essential facts. 

We rely on the May 28, 2015 bench decision of the hearing justice as well as other documents 

contained in the record for the recitation thereof.

Mr. Terzian was hired by the City in 2003. At all times pertinent to this case, he was a

member of the Union. On August 1, 2007, Mr. Terzian was arrested and charged with three 

counts of assault with a dangerous weapon and one count of carrying a pistol without a license.

Those charges stemmed from an incident which transpired in front of Mr. Terzian’s home when

he was off-duty. The City suspended Mr. Terzian without pay the next day—August 2, 2007.

The collective bargaining agreement between the City and the Union (the CBA) provides for a 

three-step grievance procedure; additionally, it provides that if “a grievance is not settled, such 

grievance may at the request of the Union, be referred to [arbitration].” After Mr. Terzian’s 

suspension, a Union representative filed a grievance with respect to the suspension. That 

grievance progressed through the three steps provided for by the CBA and was ultimately held in 

abeyance pending the outcome of the criminal charges against Mr. Terzian.

On May 12, 2008, a jury found Mr. Terzian guilty of all four criminal charges, and he 

was ultimately sentenced to eight years in prison, with one year to serve and seven years 

suspended with probation on each of the four charges, said sentences to be served concurrently.

2

 

2 Mr. Terzian’s criminal convictions were vacated by this Court in State v. Terzian, 162 

A.3d 1230, 1244 (R.I. 2017). That fact has no bearing on this appeal given our conclusion that 

Mr. Terzian has waived his appellate arguments in this case. 
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On October 16, 2008, following Mr. Terzian’s conviction and while he was incarcerated, a pretermination hearing was conducted with respect to his job with the City. Mr. Terzian was not 

present at the hearing, but a Union representative and Mr. Terzian’s private attorney did appear

at the hearing. Subsequent to that hearing, in a letter dated October 31, 2008, the City informed 

Mr. Terzian that his employment had been terminated; that letter cited his inability to “report to 

work and perform [his] job duties” as the reason for his termination.

Mr. Terzian contacted the Union in December of 2008, after he had been released from 

prison. On December 9, 2008,3the Union filed a second grievance, this time contesting Mr. 

Terzian’s termination. The Union submitted the new grievance to all three steps in the grievance 

procedure, but it did not pursue either of Mr. Terzian’s grievances to arbitration.

On April 26, 2011, Mr. Terzian filed the present action against the City’s Treasurer and 

the Union, alleging that the City breached the CBA and violated G.L. 1956 § 28-7-13 and that 

the Union “failed to adequately represent plaintiff regarding his grievances on the suspension 

and termination of his employment.” The defendants each individually moved for summary 

judgment, with the City adopting the arguments articulated by the Union. On March 24, 2015, a

hearing was conducted on those motions; thereafter, on May 28, 2015, the hearing justice issued 

a bench decision granting the motions for summary judgment of both defendants. On June 2, 

2015, Mr. Terzian filed a notice of appeal. Final judgment was later entered on June 12, 2015.4

 

3 We note that December 9, 2008, was past the time allowed by the CBA for the filing of a 

grievance. 

4 We note that Mr. Terzian’s appeal was filed prior to the entry of final judgment in the 

case. However, this Court will treat the premature appeal as if it had been timely filed. See 

Goddard v. APG Security-RI, LLC, 134 A.3d 173, 175 (R.I. 2016).
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II

Standard of Review

When we review a grant of summary judgment, we employ a de novo standard of review. 

Hall v. Hornby, 173 A.3d 868, 870 (R.I. 2017); see also Pimentel v. Deutsche Bank National 

Trust Co., 174 A.3d 740, 743 (R.I. 2017). As such, “we examin[e] the case from the vantage 

point of the trial justice who passed on the motion for summary judgment, * * * view[ing] the 

evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, and if we conclude that there are no 

genuine issues of material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of 

law[,] we will affirm the judgment” of the Superior Court. Hall, 173 A.3d at 870 (alterations in 

original) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Lehigh Cement Co. v. Quinn, 173 A.3d 

1272, 1275 (R.I. 2017). We remain “ever mindful that [s]ummary judgment is a drastic remedy, 

and a motion for summary judgment should be dealt with cautiously.” Hall, 173 A.3d at 870

(alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted).

III

Analysis

We need not pass upon the merits of the Superior Court’s ruling because we are 

convinced that, under our long-standing raise-or-waive rule, Mr. Terzian has forfeited his right to 

appellate review. 

We have consistently made it clear that, under our raise-or-waive rule, “[e]ven when a 

party has properly preserved its alleged error of law in the lower court, a failure to raise and 

develop it in its briefs constitutes a waiver of that issue on appeal and in proceedings on 

remand.” McGarry v. Pielech, 108 A.3d 998, 1005 (R.I. 2015); see also Bartlett v. Coppe, 159 
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A.3d 1065, 1069 (R.I. 2017); Catucci v. Pacheco, 866 A.2d 509, 515-16 (R.I. 2005). Indeed, 

Article I, Rule 16(a) of the Supreme Court Rules of Appellate Procedure specifically requires 

briefs before this Court to contain:

“(1) a brief and concise statement of the facts and the prior 

proceedings in the case together with page citations to the places in 

the record and the appendix where such can be found, (2) a 

specification of the errors claimed with a page citation to the 

places in the record and the appendix where such error can be 

found, (3) the specific questions raised duly numbered and for each 

question, a concise statement of the applicable standard of review 

(which may appear in the discussion of the question or under a 

separate heading placed before the discussion of the questions), 

(4) the points made, together with the authority relied on in support 

thereof, (5) a conclusion setting forth with particularity the relief to 

which the party believes himself or herself entitled, and (6) an 

index of authorities arranged alphabetically indicating at what page 

or pages of the brief each authority is cited.”

Rule 16(a) then expressly provides that “[e]rrors not claimed, questions not raised and points not 

made ordinarily will be treated as waived and not be considered by the Court.”

In accordance with Rule 16(a), it has been our consistent policy that “[s]imply stating an 

issue for appellate review, without a meaningful discussion thereof or legal briefing of the issues, 

does not assist the Court in focusing on the legal questions raised, and therefore constitutes a 

waiver of that issue.” Horton v. Portsmouth Police Department, 22 A.3d 1115, 1130 (R.I. 2011) 

(internal quotation marks omitted); see also Bossian v. Anderson, 991 A.2d 1025, 1026 n.2 (R.I. 

2010); Kurczy v. St. Joseph Veterans Association, Inc., 820 A.2d 929, 941 n.3 (R.I. 2003). Our 

precedent clearly establishes that we are precluded from concluding that a plaintiff has complied 

with Rule 16(a) when that plaintiff “raise[d] questions” in his or her brief but did so “without 

accompanying [those] general statement[s] * * * with meaningful arguments, analysis, 

discussion, or citation [to] authority * * *.” Horton, 22 A.3d at 1130 (internal quotation marks 

omitted); see, e.g., Giddings v. Arpin, 160 A.3d 314, 316 (R.I. 2017) (mem.) (finding waiver 
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when the “plaintiff [had] failed to develop his arguments or provide any facts or law to support 

the inartfully raised issues”); In re Jake G., 126 A.3d 450, 458 (R.I. 2015) (determining that an 

issue was waived because the respondent did not present facts or law to support the argument on 

appeal). What is more, we will not “scour the record to identify facts in support of the plaintiff’s 

broad claims, and we will not give life to arguments that the plaintiff has failed to develop on his 

own.” McMahon v. Deutsche Bank National Trust Co., 131 A.3d 175, 176 (R.I. 2016) (mem.).

In our judgment, Mr. Terzian has utterly failed to comply with the dictates of Rule 16(a) 

in his appellate brief in this case. His brief before this Court does contain an impassioned 

exhortation relative to his case. However, it does not contain any citations to documents or 

transcripts or any part of the record in the case. Furthermore, it does not contain a single citation 

to legal authority. Moreover, while it is clear from reading Mr. Terzian’s brief that it is his belief 

that he should prevail on the facts of his case, the brief does not make it even remotely clear to 

this Court just what errors of fact and/or law he is claiming were committed by the hearing 

justice. When there is no meaningful development of issues and, importantly, no citation to the 

record or legal authority, this Court will not “give life” to arguments that are not properly 

developed. Id. Accordingly, it is our conclusion that Mr. Terzian has waived his arguments on 

appeal due to his failure to have adequately briefed the issues. See Rule 16(a); Horton, 22 A.3d 

at 1130.

We deem it worth noting that we recognize that Mr. Terzian appeared before this Court 

pro se. It is certainly “the right of litigants to represent themselves, although by doing so they 

assume a very difficult task.” Jacksonbay Builders, Inc. v. Azarmi, 869 A.2d 580, 585 (R.I. 

2005). We have stated that “[p]ro se litigants are often granted greater latitude by the court, 

although they are not entitled to greater rights than those represented by counsel.” Id. (internal 
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quotation marks omitted). And we have further commented that the “courts of this state cannot 

and will not entirely overlook established rules of procedure, adherence to which is necessary 

[so] that parties may know their rights, that the real issue in controversy may be presented and 

determined, and that the business of the courts may be carried on with reasonable dispatch.” Id.

(alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted). It is our view that, in concluding that 

Mr. Terzian is precluded from pursuing his right to appellate review in the instant case, we are 

acting in conformity with our just-quoted precedent concerning pro se plaintiffs. 

IV

Conclusion

For the reasons stated herein, we affirm the judgment of the Superior Court. We remand 

the record to that tribunal.
STATE OF RHODE ISLAND AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS

SUPREME COURT – CLERK’S OFFICE

OPINION COVER SHEET

Title of Case Boghos Terzian v. James J. Lombardi, in his capacity 

as Treasurer for the City of Providence, et al.

Case Number No. 2015-340-Appeal.

(PC 11-2346)

Date Opinion Filed April 3, 2018

Justices Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Flaherty, Robinson, and 

Indeglia, JJ. 

Written By Associate Justice William P. Robinson III

Source of Appeal Providence County Superior Court

Judicial Officer From Lower Court Associate Justice Brian Van Couyghen

Attorney(s) on Appeal

For Plaintiff: 

Boghos Terzian, Pro Se

For Defendants:

Etie-Lee Z. Schaub, Esq.

Robert P. Brooks, Esq.

Kenneth B. Chiavarini, Esq.

Julie A. Sacks, Esq.

Kennell Meas Sambour, Esq.

SU-CMS-02A (revised June 2016)