1... To protect the privacy of the parties in this case, we identify the children by their initials and the parents

by their first names only. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 109.002(d) (Vernon 2009).

i i i i i i

MEMORANDUM OPINION

No. 04-09-00158-CV

IN THE INTEREST OF M.A.M., M.S., A.R.S., and A.N.S.

From the 73rd Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas

Trial Court No. 2007-PA-01778

Honorable Charles E. Montemayor, Judge Presiding

Opinion by: Karen Angelini, Justice

Sitting: Karen Angelini, Justice

Phylis J. Speedlin, Justice

Rebecca Simmons, Justice

Delivered and Filed: August 19, 2009

AFFIRMED

This is an accelerated appeal concerning the trial court’s termination of Appellant Phillip S.’s

parental rights.

1 Phillip S. appeals the trial court’s order denying his motion for new trial and finding

his appellate points to be frivolous. We affirm.

BACKGROUND

On April 6, 2007, the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services received a referral

alleging that M.A.M. had been physically abused by his grandmother. Family preservation services
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were offered to the mother, but after several attempts to locate her failed, a safety plan could not be

maintained. Therefore, on August 14, 2007, M.A.M., M.S., A.R.S., and A.N.S. were removed from

their home, and the Department was appointed temporary managing conservator of the children. The

Department then began proceedings to obtain managing conservatorship of the children and to

terminate the parental rights of their respective parents. On October 16, 2007, after Phillip S.

admitted paternity of M.S., A.R.S., and A.N.S., the trial court made a judicial finding that he is the

father of M.S., A.R.S., and A.N.S. The court found that Phillip S. had not reviewed the service plan.

It then approved and adopted the permanency plans and recommendations for the children as set out

in the service plans filed with the court, and advised the parents that progress under the service plan

would be reviewed at all subsequent hearings, “including a review of whether the parties ha[d]

acquired or learned any specific skills or knowledge stated in the service plan.” The trial court then

notified the parties that the initial permanency hearing was set for February 12, 2007, and that the

case was set for a non-jury merits hearing on June 19, 2008.

The service plan required Philip S. to (1) complete parenting classes; (2) pay court-ordered

child support; (3) submit to drug testing; (4) have a psychological evaluation and follow any

recommendations; (5) build a positive support system consisting of appropriate friends, family, and

community resources; (6) remain in contact with the Department; (7) obtain and maintain stable

housing that is safe and appropriate for his children; (8) actively participate in individual counseling

and follow any recommendations; (9) obtain gainful, legal employment; (10) complete a substance

abuse assessment and follow all recommendations, including in-patient if deemed necessary; (11)

attend the Patrician Movement; and (12) participate in regular parent/child visits, which were

dependent on submission of random and negative/clean urinalyses. 
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On October 16, 2007, Phillip S.’s submitted to a urinalysis and noted that he had taken

methadone in the past thirty days. The urinalysis showed a positive result for cannabinoids.

On January 16, 2008, the Department filed a Permanency Plan and Permanency Progress

Report, which noted that Phillip S. had begun engaging in services. Phillip S. had submitted to

random drug testing, had attended parent/child visits, had obtained legal employment, had begun

receiving drug treatment, and had established his own residence. The Department’s permanency goal

for the children was noted as “family reunification” and the concurrent plan was noted as

“unrelated/related adoption.” 

On February 12, 2008, the trial court held a permanency hearing at which Phillip S. appeared

through his attorney and announced ready. The trial court found that the Department had made

“reasonable efforts, as identified in its service plans and/or Permanency Progress Reports, to finalize

the permanency plan that is in effect for each child.” The trial court evaluated the parties’ compliance

with the service plan and found that Phillip S. had “not demonstrated adequate and appropriate

compliance with the service plan.” The trial court set a permanency hearing for June 17, 2008, and

set the suit for trial on June 19, 2008. 

Also on February 12, 2008, Phillip S. submitted to another urinalysis. He again noted that

he was taking methadone. His urinalysis was negative for other drugs.

On June 11, 2008, the Department filed another Permanency Plan and Permanency Progress

Report and stated that Phillip S. had begun engaging in services. He had submitted to random drug

testing, attended parent/child visits, obtained legal employment, was engaging in parenting classes,

had built a positive support system, had established his own residence, and was receiving drug

treatment, counseling, and parent shadowing. The Department stated that there had been some
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progress made in alleviating or mitigating the reason for the children’s removal. Thus, the

Department stated that its permanency goal for the children was family reunification and that its

concurrent plan for the children was unrelated/related adoption.

On June 17, 2008, the trial court held a permanency hearing at which Phillip S. appeared in

person and though his attorney and announced ready. The trial court found that Phillip S. had

demonstrated adequate and appropriate compliance with the service plan. The trial court then set the

next permanency hearing for October 14, 2008, and set trial for October 16, 2008.

On September 30, 2008, the Department filed a Permanency Plan and Permanency Progress

Report, noting that Phillip S. had begun engaging in services. Phillip S. had attended parent/child

visits, obtained legal employment, had engaged in parenting classes, had built a positive support

system, had established his own residence, and had received drug treatment, counseling, and parent

shadowing. However, “[h]e ha[d] stopped drug testing as of 8/19/08, levels of methadone are not

decreasing, and contact has ceased.” The Department then listed its permanency goal as unrelated

family adoption. 

On October 14, 2008, the trial court held a permanency hearing at which Phillip S. appeared

through his attorney and announced not ready. The trial court found that Phillip S. had not

demonstrated adequate and appropriate compliance with the service plan. The trial court then set trial

for January 26, 2009.

On January 26, 2009, neither Phillip S. nor his counsel appeared for trial. The trial court

found by clear and convincing evidence that termination of the parent-child relationship between

Phillip S. and M.S., A.R.S. and A.N.S. was in the children’s best interest and that Phillip S. had 
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(a) constructively abandoned the children who ha[d] been in the

permanent and temporary managing conservatorship of the

Department of Family and Protective Services or an authorized

agency for not less than six months and: (1) the Department or

authorized agency ha[d] made reasonable efforts to return the children

to the father; (2) the father ha[d] not regularly visited or maintained

significant contact with the children; and (3) the father ha[d]

demonstrated an inability to provide the children with a safe

environment; and

(b) failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically

established the actions necessary for the father to obtain the return of

the children who ha[d] been in the permanent or temporary managing

conservatorship of the Department of Family and Protective Services

for not less than nine months as a result of the children’s removal

from the parent under Chapter 262 for the abuse or neglect of the

children.

The trial court then terminated the parent-child relationship between Phillip S. and M.S., A.R.S., and

A.N.S. 

On February 9, 2009, Phillip S. filed a motion for new trial, stating that neither he nor his

attorney had appeared at trial due to accident or mistake: his attorney’s computer had failed to

properly calendar the setting. Phillip S. also argued that he had a meritorious defense and that

because he was prepared to go to trial immediately, granting a new trial would not harm the

Department. He then listed his appellate points, which included a point arguing that if the trial court

denied his motion for new trial, it would be abusing its discretion.

At the hearing on the motion for new trial, the trial court found that Phillip S. and his attorney

had not appeared at trial because of accident or mistake. However, the trial court expressed concern

that Phillip S. had not set up a meritorious defense because he was still on methadone. The trial court

took the matter under advisement and on February 24, 2009, signed an order denying the motion for

new trial and finding Phillip S.’s appellate points to be frivolous. In its order, the trial court found
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that Phillip S. had met his burden in showing accident or mistake, but had not met the other two

prongs of the Craddock motion-for-new-trial standard.

Phillip S. now appeals, arguing that his appeal is not frivolous because the trial court abused

its discretion in denying his motion for new trial.

DISCUSSION

A trial court may order the termination of the parent-child relationship if it finds by clear and

convincing evidence at least one statutory ground for termination and that termination is in the best

interest of the child. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001 (Vernon 2009). When appeal is sought

from an order terminating the parent-child relationship pursuant to chapter 263, subchapter E, of the

Texas Family Code, the trial court must also determine whether the appeal is frivolous as provided

by section 13.003(b) of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.

§ 263.405(d). An appeal is frivolous when it lacks an arguable basis in either law or fact. De La Vega

v. Taco Cabana, Inc., 974 S.W.2d 152, 154 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1998, no pet.). In deciding

whether an appeal is frivolous, the trial court “may consider whether the appellant has presented a

substantial question for appellate review.” TEX.CIV.PRAC.&REM.CODE ANN.§ 13.003(b) (Vernon

2002). We review the trial court’s determination that the appeal is frivolous under an abuse of

discretion standard. De La Vega, 974 S.W.2d at 154.

Here, Phillip S. argues that an appeal challenging the trial court’s failure to grant his motion

for new trial is not frivolous. We disagree. 

Pursuant to Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, Inc., 134 Tex. 388, 133 S.W.2d 124, 126

(1939), where a defendant had proper notice, a default judgment should be set aside and a new trial

granted if (1) the failure to answer or appear at trial was not intentional or the result of conscious
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indifference but was due to a mistake or accident; (2) the defendant sets up a meritorious defense;

and (3) the motion is filed at such time that granting a new trial would not result in delay or

otherwise injure the plaintiff. In re R.R., 209 S.W.3d 112, 114-15 (Tex. 2006). The Texas Supreme

Court has applied the Craddock motion-for-new-trial standard to parental termination cases. See id.

The trial court found that Phillip S. had met the first prong under Craddock, but that he had

failed to meet the other two prongs. 

With regard to the second prong, a defendant “sets up” a meritorious defense pursuant to

Craddock if the movant’s motion and supporting affidavits set forth facts that in law constitute a

meritorious defense, regardless of whether those facts are controverted. In re R.R., 209 S.W.3d at

116. Here, the trial court found by clear and convincing evidence that there were two statutory

grounds for terminating Phillip S.’s parental rights: (1) constructive abandonment of his children

while they were in the permanent or temporary managing conservatorship of the Department, see

TEX.FAM.CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(N) (Vernon 2009); and (2) failure to comply with the provisions

of a court order that specifically established the actions necessary for him to obtain the return of his

children, see id. § 161.001(1)(O). The trial court also found that termination was in the children’s

best interest. See id. § 161.001(2). 

Phillip S. attached to his motion for new trial an affidavit in which he affirmed the following:

At one time, I was a heroin addict. I voluntarily entered treatment for my addiction.

My treatment has been successful and is continuing. I am currently a patient of STOP

SA, LLC clinic. My treatment includes methadone maintenance, regular doctor’s

appointments, and monthly lab tests. I have been compliant with all aspects of my

treatment, and I am decreasing my methadone dose under a doctor’s supervision.

While I was undergoing treatment, I met Joy Pennex, who was also a patient. We fell

in love and got married, and are living together happily. Joy has also been undergoing

treatment for heroin addiction, and she is fully compliant with her treatment.
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Joy and I have become members of the congregation of Northwest Church of Christ.

The church community has welcomed us into their hearts and its members are fully

supportive of our efforts to change our lifestyle and live a clean, decent life. They

have provided us with a financial advisor to help us manage our finances, and have

assisted me in finding work. I now have a clean, decent home that has ample room

for my entire family, including the children subject of this suit.

I have worked for Darrell Martin in the home repair and improvement business, and

both Joy and I are now working for IHOP at $9.00 per hour. 

Joy and I both signed a Family Service Plan in this case. We have completed all of

the tasks assigned to us except attending parenting classes. The reason we have not

yet taken parenting classes is that I understood Judge Montemayor to say at the last

hearing I attended that, since the Department intended to put the children in our home

for home visits, we should see how those visits went before deciding on parenting

classes. 

Joy and I love the children verymuch and will do anything in our power to keep them

with us in a healthy, loving, and decent home.

In his affidavit, Phillip S. admits that he is still taking methadone and is not completely drug

free. At the motion for new trial hearing, the attorney for the children explained that one of the

reasons trial was reset for January was so Phillip S. could completely stop using drugs, including

methadone. The attorney for the children stated, “I’m interested in someone being drug free and

that’s what I’m interested in. I’m interested in being drug free, not being on a legal substitute for

heroin.” The trial court then stated the following:

That’s always been the standard of the Court, rightly or wrongly. But to be honest

with you, I’ve had people do the methadone treatment, and given the quick deadlines

we have set forth by the legislature, the one-year or even the 18-month people have

done it and gotten off to zero. I can – I can think of a handful of cases where we’ve

gone from high level of methadone to zero within the time frame of the pendency of

the case.

Thus, while Phillip S.’s affidavit affirms that he is currently undergoing drug treatment, it does not

affirm that he has been successful in completing drug treatment and becoming drug free. 
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Further, Phillip S.’s affidavit admits that he failed to comply with the service plan by failing

to complete parenting classes. Thus, Phillip S. did not set up a meritorious defense.

We, therefore, hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding Phillip S.’s

appellate point regarding the denial of his motion for new trial to be frivolous.

CONCLUSION

We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

Karen Angelini, Justice