# Patent

## Title
Method and system for multimodal presence detection

## Abstract

A presence device operable in a first mode and a second mode is associated with a communication device. In the first mode, a user using the presence device is biometrically authenticated and a presence confirmation input is received from the communication device. In the second mode, a user-entered log-in input is received from the communication device. A central presence database is updated to indicate that the communication device is active for the user. A received message which is to be routed to the user is sent to the active device indicated by the central presence database.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/990,760, filed Nov. 16, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,735,287, which is incorporated by reference herein. Also, this application relates to the application entitled “METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR INTELLIGENT ROUTING BASED ON PRESENCE DETECTION”, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/990,761, filed Nov. 16, 2001, whose disclosure is hereby incorporated by reference into the disclosure of the present application.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to methods and systems for presence detection.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Presence management refers to the task of identifying whether a given user is available to receive a communication. The concept originated, at least in part, in instant messaging products such as those provided by AOL, Yahoo and MSN. In a typical scenario, a user's availability or presence is registered into an application-specific database in response to the user logging in to a particular software application. When other users wish to contact the user, the availability is obtained from the database using an application-specific protocol. In these scenarios, presence management is tied to particular software applications (e.g. AOL, Yahoo, MSN, and instant messaging products). The applications establish presence, with some user control, when the user logs in to an application. This method limits the information to the particular applications, and is not usable from outside the application for which it was designed.
In today's applications, presence management usually requires an effort on the user's part. Normally, the user creates a profile to regulate presence management and to keep it current. Moreover, he or she must log into a device to initiate presence management monitoring. Finally, presence management is dependent upon a software application and/or device to which it is linked.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is pointed out with particularity in the appended claims. However, other features of the invention will become more apparent and the invention will be best understood by referring to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a system to provide presence information; and
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of multimodal presence detection.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Briefly, embodiments of the present invention provide an improved presence detection method and system using a presence device which can be either attached to or embedded in various communication devices, including but not limited to a computer, a telephone and a personal digital assistant (PDA). The presence device is operable in two or more modes. In an implicit mode, a user's presence—that is, an ability to view and respond to communications—is established with little or no effort on the user's part. In the implicit mode, the presence device is trained to authenticate the owner either from one or more fingerprints, using voice recognition, or another biometric technique. In an explicit mode, the user's presence is established using a log-in input, such as a password.
When the user is authenticated as the owner, and if the communication device is set up to support the implicit mode, the user is questioned if the messages should be delivered to the device that is currently active. This may override preferences set in a user's profile.
The presence device communicates with a presence management and detection Web service while establishing presence. The Web service may be polled by a routing system to facilitate real-time detection of available parties and their active devices, and dynamic selection of a desirable route to process messages. The desirable route may comprise either a near-optimal route, or in an exemplary embodiment, an optimal route to process a message faster and more efficiently. The herein-disclosed routing solution is well-suited for business applications.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a system to provide presence information. Consider a user 10 who accesses a telecommunication network 12 such as the Internet or another computer network. The user 10 may access the telecommunication network 12 using either a telephone 13 via a telephone network 14 and a gateway 16, a computing device such as a computer 20 running a software application 22, or a communication device 23 having an associated presence device 24. For any of the aforementioned ways that the user 10 accesses the telecommunication network 12, information indicating the presence of the user is compiled and made available by a node 26 of the telecommunication network 12. The node 26 may comprise a computer server 30 which provides a Web service 32 defined as a distributed service accessible over the telecommunication network 12 (e.g. the Internet) using ubiquitous protocols such as Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) and Extensible Markup Language (XML) over Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The computer server may comprise a JAVATM 2 Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE)/.NET application server, for example.
This disclosure contemplates a multiplicity of users of the telecommunication network 12 whose presence information is compiled and made available using the Web service 32. For example, the Web service 32 may provide presence information for a user 34 having two associated devices 36 and 38, and a user 40 having an associated device 42. Examples of the devices 36, 38 and 42 include, but are not limited to, those described in association with the user 10.
The Web service 32 decouples presence information from a particular application, and makes the presence information available as a network function. Separating presence management as a component service available from the telecommunication network 12 facilitates flexibility both for users to publish their presence information and for consuming applications to consume the presence information. As a result, cross-application services are enabled. For example, indicating unavailability on a personal computer internet messaging (PC-IM) client can be interpreted as a user directive to the telecommunication network 12 to hold off cellular telephone calls and/or to take messages.
The Web service 32 can be used in multiple applications, including but not limited to instant messaging, video conferencing, chat, business-to-business applications such as document routing for approval, and routing notifications to an appropriate device. The presence information may be published in multiple modes, including but not limited to a Web browser, a Voice XML application, a mobile telephone, and a specialized presence device. The presence information may be either explicitly updated by the user or implicitly handled by various devices and/or software applications.
The presence information can be consumed by multiple devices, including but not limited to a Web browser, a mobile telephone, a personal computer, a personal digital assistant and a Web tablet. Independent of the actual presence information, the service may provide other information such as updatable and consumable user availability information 44, user/device profile and preference information 46, device status information and user location information.
A routing system 50 intelligently routes messages and documents based on presence information provided by the Web service 32. An embodiment of a method performed using the Web service 32 and the routing system 50 is described with reference to FIG. 2.
As indicated by block 60, the method comprises providing a presence device associated with a communication device. The presence device may be either embedded with the communication device or interfaced with and removable from the communication device. For purposes of illustration and example, the description of the method is made with reference to the presence device 24 and the communication device 23 in FIG. 1.
The presence device 24 is operable in a first mode and a second mode. The first mode may be referred to as either an implicit mode or a passive mode, and the second mode may be referred to as either an explicit mode or an active mode.
If the presence device 24 is operating in the implicit mode, an act of biometrically authenticating the user 10 using the presence device 24 is performed as indicated by block 62. The presence device 24 comprises a biometric device to assist in performing the authentication. Examples of the biometric device include, but are not limited to, a voice authentication device and a fingerprint matching device. Optionally, the presence device 24 may have both voice authentication capability and fingerprint authentication capability.
The voice authentication device may be embedded on a chip or a smart card, for example. Examples of voice authentication solutions include TESPARTM from Domain Dynamics Limited and Voice Security Systems (VSS). The VSS solution is able to verify a human voice in a few seconds on a fully self-contained 8 kB smart card running at 3.57 Mhz. For embedded voice authentication systems, a capture device is also used.
The fingerprint authentication device may be embedded on a chip or a smart card, for example. Examples of fingerprint authentication solutions include FINGERCHIPTM from Atmel Corp. The FINGERCHIPTM device is a fingerprint scanner on a chip. Identicator Technology produces a package that, instead of creating an image of a fingerprint, creates a personal identification number (PIN) from the fingerprint. One fingerprint PIN uses 50 bytes of storage for a one-to-one matching solution, or 250 to 400 bytes for a one-to-many match. In contrast, an image of a fingerprint may use up to 150 kB of storage. Regardless of the approach used, either a fingerprint image or a fingerprint PIN can be matched either with a copy internal to the presence device or, if relevant, a copy stored by the Web service 32.
The type of authentication is suited to the type of communication device 23 to which the presence device is attached or embedded. For example, if the communication device 23 comprises a telephone (either wireless such as a cellular telephone, or wireline), the act of biometrically authenticating may comprise authenticating a voice of the user 10 during a call using the telephone. As the user 10 begins to talk on the telephone in a call between the user 10 and another party, his/her voice is authenticated. The user's voice is authenticated independent of the other party. The user 10 may be either a calling party or a called party of the call.
If the communication device 23 comprises a computer, a personal digital assistant or another device having a keyboard, the act of biometrically authenticating the user 10 may comprise authenticating a fingerprint of the user 10 as the user types using the keyboard. The user's fingerprint is authenticated independent of a software application for which the user 10 is typing using the keyboard.
Upon biometrically authenticating the user 10, the method may further require an act of receiving a presence confirmation input from the communication device 23, as indicated by block 64. An audible message or a visible message may be displayed by the communication device 23 to prompt the user 10 to provide the presence confirmation input. For example, the communication device 23 may include a visual display which displays a message such as “Confirm presence?”. Alternatively, the communication device 23 may include a speaker or a like audio output device which audibly outputs a message such as “Confirm presence?”.
In response to the prompt, the user 10 may use an input device included in the communication device 23 either to provide the presence confirmation input (indicating that the communication device is to be considered as active) or to provide an input indicating that the communication device 23 is not to be considered as active. For example, the presence confirmation input may comprise an affirmative input such as “Yes”, “Y”, “true” or another input indicating same. An input indicating that the communication device is not to be considered as active may comprise a negative input such as “No”, “N”, “false” or another input indicating same. The presence confirmation input may comprise one or more keystrokes of a keyboard or keypad, an input using a touchscreen, or a voice input using a microphone of the communication device 23.
One or more signals associated with the biometric authentication and the presence confirmation are communicated from the communication device 23 to the Web service 32 via the telecommunication network 12. The one or more signals contains information identifying the user 10 and the communication device 23. The Web service 32 uses the aforementioned one or more signals to determine that the communication device 23 is to be considered as the active device for the user 10.
If the presence device 24 is operating in the explicit mode, an act of receiving a user-entered log-in input from the communication device 23 is performed as indicated by block 66. The user-entered log-in input may comprise a password, personal identification code, or the like entered using the communication device 23. Either the log-in input or an indication that the log-in input authenticates the user is communicated from the communication device 23 to the Web service 32 via the telecommunication network 12.
In response to the acts in blocks 62 and 64, or the act in block 66, the Web service 32 receives one or more authentication signals from the communication device 23. Upon accepting a signal, the Web service 32 updates a central presence database 68 to indicate that the communication device 23 is active for the user 10 (block 70).
Using the aforementioned method, the presence of each user (10, 34 or 40) is detectable by the Web service 32 either implictly or explicitly for a plurality of different communication devices. Further, the presence of the each user (10, 34 or 40) is detectable independent of whether the user logs in to a particular software application (e.g. an instant messaging application). Still further, the Web service 32 preferably provides presence information for a plurality of different software applications, one of which being a hereinafter-described routing application.
As indicated by block 72, the routing system 50 receives at least one message to be routed to the user 10. The message may be received either before or after updating the central presence database 68 in block 70.
As indicated by block 74, the routing system 50 communicates with the central presence database 68 to determine which communication device is active for the user 10. The routing system 50 accesses the central presence database 68 via the Web service 32 and the telecommunication network 12. Continuing with the above example, the central presence database 68 communicates to the routing system 50 that the communication device 23 is active for the user 10.
As indicated by block 76, the routing system 50 sends the at least one message to the communication device 23. Optionally, the routing system 50 formats the presentation of each message based on the type of communication device which is active. The message may be coded in a markup language, such as XML for example.
The aforementioned routing acts may be a component of various business applications, from supply chain management to procurement and billing. For example, after receiving a request that needs to be routed to a process owner, the routing system 50 contacts the Web service 32 to detect presence and active devices for those authorized to approve a request. If the routing system 50 is set up to operate in an automated mode, the availability of a main approver and his/her active device is checked. If the main approver is available, the request is routed to the main approver's active device. If the presence of the main approver is not detected and the time allocated for his/her approval expires, the presence Web service 32 is polled to detect presence and active devices of secondary or alternative approvers. Consequently, the routing system 50 routes requests according to the rules set up in the presence-based routing applications.
The herein-disclosed method and system allows organizations to speed up business processes involving mobile and distributed work force. Additionally, the presence-based routing system can be built to be application-independent to work with various business systems, in contrast to current routing systems which are applications-driven.
A more specific example is given to further motivate use of embodiments of the herein-disclosed method and system. Consider the user 10 logging into the computer 20 that is set up for accepting the passive mode for presence. As he/she begins typing, he/she is authenticated, and the computer 20 is considered as the active device for the user 10. Messages and notifications are thereafter routed to the computer 20. The user 10 reads three messages: a notice from a billing system that a bill is coming due, an invitation to start a video conference, and a notification about bad weather in the place where he/she plans to travel.
The user's cellular telephone 13 then rings. The telephone 13 contains a presence card (not illustrated). As the user 10 begins to talk after answering the call, he/she is authenticated as the owner. A message comprising “Confirm presence?” is played to the user 10. The user 10 presses the “#” key (the key for “No”) and continues talking. The alerts continue to be delivered to the computer 20.
After completing the call, the user 10 leaves his/her office to go to a meeting, taking his/her PDA 23 with him/her. The PDA 23 also contains a presence device 24. The user 10 touches a button on the PDA 23 and is authenticated. A message appears asking the user 10 if the PDA 23 is his/her active device. The user 10 presses “yes”. Subsequent notifications are delivered to the PDA 23.
It is noted that the routing system 50 may comprise a computer system to perform the acts described herein. The computer system may be directed by computer-readable program code stored by a computer-readable medium. Similarly, the acts performed by the node 26 may be directed by computer-readable program code stored by a computer-readable medium.
Several embodiments including preferred embodiments of a method and system for multimodal presence detection are disclosed herein.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the disclosed invention may be modified in numerous ways and may assume many embodiments other than the preferred form specifically set out and described above.
Accordingly, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all modifications of the invention which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.

## Claims

1. A method comprising:
(a) providing a presence device associated with a communication device, the presence device operable in a first mode and a second mode;
(b) if the presence device is operating in the first mode, biometrically authenticating a user using the presence device and receiving a presence confirmation input from the communication device;
(c) if the presence device is operating in the second mode, receiving a user-entered log-in input from the communication device and authenticating the user entered login input; and
(d) in response to (b) or (c), updating a central presence database to indicate that the communication device is active over a selected desirable route for the user to receive at least one message.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the communication device comprises a telephone, and wherein said biometrically authenticating comprises authenticating a voice of the user during a call using the telephone.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the call is made between the user and a party, and wherein said authenticating the voice of the user is independent of the party.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the user is a calling party of the call.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein the user is a called party of the call.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the communication device comprises a keyboard, and wherein said biometrically authenticating comprises authenticating a fingerprint of the user as the user types using the keyboard.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said authenticating a fingerprint of the user is independent of a software application for which the user types using the keyboard.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the presence device is embedded with the communication device.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the presence device is removably interfaced with the communication device.

10. A system comprising:
a communication device;
a presence device associated with the communication device, the presence device operable in a first mode and a second mode; and a
central presence database responsive to the communication device to indicate that the communication device is active over a selected desirable route for the user to receive at least one message in response to (a) biometrically authenticating a user using the presence device and receiving a presence confirmation input from the communication device if the presence device is operating in the first mode, and (b) receiving a user-entered log-in input from the communication device and authenticating the login input if the presence device is operating in the second mode.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein the communication device comprises a telephone, and wherein said biometrically authenticating comprises authenticating a voice of the user during a call using the telephone.

12. The system of claim 11 wherein the call is made between the user and a party, and wherein said authenticating the voice of the user is independent of the party.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein the user is a calling party of the call.

14. The system of claim 12 wherein the user is a called party of the call.

15. The system of claim 10 wherein the communication device comprises a keyboard, and wherein said biometrically authenticating comprises authenticating a fingerprint of the user as the user types using the keyboard.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein said authenticating a fingerprint of the user is independent of a software application for which the user types using the keyboard.

17. The system of claim 10 wherein the presence device is embedded with the communication device.

18. The system of claim 10 wherein the presence device is removably interfaced with the communication device.