PURSUANT TO INTERNAL REVENUE CODE 

SECTION 7463(b),THIS OPINION MAY NOT

BE TREATED AS PRECEDENT FOR ANY

OTHER CASE.

 
T.C. Summary Opinion 2013-41

UNITED STATES TAX COURT

ERICA L. ALVARADO, Petitioner, AND THOMAS J. SZISZAK II, f.k.a.

THOMAS J. MORRISSEY, Intervenor v.

COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent

Docket No. 18678-11S. Filed May 29, 2013.

Erica L. Alvarado, pro se.

Thomas J. Sziszak II, pro se. 

Bryan J. Dotson, for respondent. 

SUMMARY OPINION

VASQUEZ, Judge: This case was heard pursuant to the provisions of

section 7463 of the Internal Revenue Code in effect when the petition was filed. 
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Pursuant to section 7463(b), the decision to be entered is not reviewable by any

other court, and this opinion shall not be treated as precedent for any other case. 

This proceeding was commenced under section 6015(e) for review of

respondent’s determination that petitioner is not entitled to relief from joint and

several liability for 2008 with respect to a Federal income tax return she filed with

her former spouse. The issues presented for consideration are whether petitioner

is entitled to relief under section 6015(b), (c), or (f). All section references are to

the Internal Revenue Code in effect at all relevant times, and all Rule references

are to the Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure.

Background

Some of the facts have been stipulated and are so found. The stipulation of

facts and the attached exhibits are incorporated by this reference. Petitioner

resided in Texas when the petition was filed. 

Petitioner and Thomas J. Sziszak II were married on October 26, 2002. 

During their marriage petitioner worked as an athletic trainer for the El Paso

Independent School District. After leaving the U.S. Army in 2003 Mr. Sziszak

worked for the New Mexico State Police Department and the Dona Ana County

Sheriff’s Department until around 2006 or 2007. Thereafter Mr. Sziszak became a

full-time student. He was a full-time student in 2008.
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Sometime in the fall of 2008 petitioner and Mr. Sziszak decided to separate. 

Mr. Sziszak needed money to move out of their home and decided to withdraw his

retirement benefits from the Public Employees Retirement Association of New

Mexico. In order for Mr. Sziszak to withdraw the funds, both he and petitioner

had to sign and have notarized a termination notice. Mr. Sziszak told petitioner

she needed to sign the termination notice because he could not move out without

the funds from his retirement account. Although she does not recall signing it,

petitioner’s signature is on the termination notice. Both petitioner and Mr. Sziszak

signed the termination notice and had it notarized on September 24, 2008. After

receiving $9,769 from his retirement account, petitioner moved out of the home

sometime in October 2008. Petitioner did not receive any of the proceeds from the

termination of Mr. Sziszak’s retirement account. 

Petitioner and Mr. Sziszak divorced on March 17, 2009. The divorce decree

does not mention Mr. Sziszak’s retirement account or address who is responsible

for paying any tax deficiency for 2008. Also on March 17, 2009, petitioner and

Mr. Sziszak filed their joint Federal income tax return for 2008. The $9,769 Mr.

Sziszak received from the termination of his retirement account was not reported

on the tax return, which reported only wages petitioner earned. Petitioner and Mr.

Sziszak reported a $3,390 overpayment of tax on the return. On March 27, 2009,
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the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) refunded the entire amount of the overpayment

by direct deposit into an account petitioner owned. That same day, petitioner

issued a check to Mr. Sziszak for $1,039.68 pursuant to their verbal agreement

regarding the 2008 refund. 

In a notice of deficiency dated December 27, 2010, the IRS determined that

petitioner and Mr. Sziszak were jointly liable for $2,847 of tax. On June 24, 2010,

petitioner filed with the IRS Form 8857, Request for Innocent Spouse Relief. On

August 17, 2011, the IRS issued petitioner a notice of determination denying her

request for innocent spouse relief because it determined that she knew or had

reason to know of the understatement, she failed to show it would be unfair to

hold her responsible, and she benefited from the tax refund in the form of

refundable credits. Petitioner contested that notice of determination in a petition 1

filed August 11, 2011. On December 5, 2011, Mr. Sziszak filed a notice of

intervention and was added as a party to this case. 

After the taxable year 2008 petitioner has complied with all income tax

laws. 

 In his pretrial memorandum and at trial respondent conceded that 1

petitioner did not receive a tax benefit from refundable credits because the amount

withheld from her wages exceeded the amount of refunded credits. 
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Discussion

Married taxpayers may elect to file a joint Federal income tax return. Sec.

6013(a). Each spouse filing the return is jointly and severally liable for the

accuracy of the return and the entire tax due. Sec. 6013(d)(3). Pursuant to section

6015(a), however, a taxpayer may seek relief from joint liability. 

Petitioner contends she is entitled to relief from joint and several liability

pursuant to section 6015(b), (c), or (f). To qualify for relief pursuant to section

6015(b), the requesting spouse must establish that: a joint return was filed; there

was an understatement of tax attributable to erroneous items of the nonrequesting

spouse; at the time of signing the return, the spouse seeking relief did not know

and had no reason to know of the understatement; the requesting spouse sought

relief within two years of the first collection activity relating to the liability; and,

taking into account all the facts and circumstances, it is inequitable to hold the

spouse seeking relief liable for the deficiency in tax attributable to the

understatement. Sec. 6015(b)(1). 

Section 6015(c) permits a requesting spouse to seek relief from joint and

several liability and elect to allocate a deficiency to a nonrequesting spouse if the

following conditions are met: a joint return was filed; at the time of the election,

the requesting spouse was separated or divorced from the nonrequesting spouse or
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has not been a member of the same household as the nonrequesting spouse at any

time during the 12-month period ending on the date of the request for relief; the

requesting spouse sought relief within two years of the first collection activity

relating to the liability; and the requesting spouse did not have actual knowledge,

at the time of signing the joint return, of the item giving rise to the deficiency. 

Sec. 6015(c)(3). 

Petitioner did not receive any of the proceeds from the termination of Mr.

Sziszak’s retirement account. She did, however, sign and have notarized the

termination notice after Mr. Sziszak told her he needed to withdraw the funds in

his retirement account in order to afford to move out of their martial home. Thus,

petitioner had reason to know of the understatement and had actual knowledge of

the item (i.e., Mr. Sziszak’s termination of his retirement account) that gave rise to

the deficiency. See Cheshire v. Commissioner, 115 T.C. 183, 195 (2000) (stating

that the knowledge standard for purpose of section 6015(c)(3)(C) is an actual and

clear awareness of the existence of the item giving rise to the deficiency), aff’d,

282 F.3d 326 (5th Cir. 2002). Accordingly, petitioner is not entitled to relief from

the 2008 liability pursuant to section 6015(b) or (c). 

Petitioner contends, in the alternative, that she is entitled to relief pursuant

to section 6015(f). Section 6015(f) permits relief from joint and several liability if
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it would be inequitable to hold the individual liable for any unpaid tax or

deficiency. Sec. 6015(f)(1). Under section 6015(f), the Secretary may grant

equitable relief to a requesting spouse on the basis of all the facts and

circumstances. Id. Petitioner bears the burden of proving that she is entitled to

equitable relief under section 6015(f). See Rule 142(a); Porter v. Commissioner,

132 T.C. 203, 210 (2009); Alt v. Commissioner, 119 T.C. 306, 311 (2002), aff’d,

101 Fed. Appx. 34 (6th Cir. 2004). 

This Court has jurisdiction to review respondent’s denial of petitioner’s

request for equitable relief under section 6015(f). See sec. 6015(e)(1). We apply a

de novo standard of review as well as a de novo scope of review. See Porter v.

Commissioner, 132 T.C. at 210. 

Rev. Proc. 2003-61, sec. 4.03, 2003-2 C.B. 296, 298, provides a list of

2

nonexclusive factors that the Commissioner may weigh in making his

 On January 5, 2012, the Commissioner issued Notice 2012-8, 2012-4

2

I.R.B. 309, announcing a proposed revenue procedure updating Rev. Proc.

2003-61, 2003-2 C.B. 296. That proposed revenue procedure, if finalized, will

revise the factors that the IRS will use to evaluate requests for equitable relief

under section 6015(f). In Sriram v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2012-91, slip op.

at 9 n.7, we stated that we would “continue to apply the factors in Rev. Proc.

2003-61, 2003-2 C.B. 296, in view of the fact that the proposed revenue procedure

is not final and because the comment period under the notice only recently

closed.” See also Yosinski v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2012-195 (continuing

to apply Rev. Proc. 2003-61, supra); Deihl v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo.

2012-176 (same).
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determination relating to innocent spouse relief, including: marital status,

economic hardship, knowledge or reason to know, the nonrequesting spouse’s

legal obligation, significant benefit, compliance with income tax laws, abuse, and

mental or physical health. 

We find two factors, knowledge and economic hardship, weigh against

relief. As we concluded supra, petitioner had reason to know of the

understatement because she signed and had notarized the termination and Mr.

Sziszak told her she was signing it so he could get access to the funds. We also

find that the economic hardship factor weighs against relief because petitioner

failed to show that she would suffer economic hardship if denied relief from joint

and several liability. 

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However, three factors weigh in favor of relief. At the time of her request,

petitioner was divorced from Mr. Sziszak. She derived no significant benefit from

use of the funds giving rise to the 2008 deficiency. Furthermore, petitioner has 4

 We note that under Notice 2012-8, sec. 4 .03(2)(b), 2012-4 I.R.B. at 313, 3

the economic hardship factor should be considered neutral where denying relief

from joint and several liability will not result in economic hardship to the

requesting spouse. 

 Respondent argues the significant benefit factor is neutral. However, 4

respondent is applying the proposed revenue procedure in Notice 2012-8, supra. 

The Court, when applying the factors in Rev. Proc. 2003-61, supra, has found this

(continued...)
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complied with all income tax laws for the taxable years following her divorce from

Mr. Sziszak. 

The remaining three factors (abuse, legal obligation, and mental or physical

health) are neutral. 

Of the factors listed in Rev. Proc. 2003-61, sec. 4.03, three favor relief,

three are neutral, and two weigh against relief. After considering and weighing all

the factors, we find it would be inequitable to hold petitioner liable for the 2008

tax liability which is attributable to Mr. Sziszak’s withdrawal of his retirement

funds. Accordingly, she is entitled to relief pursuant to section 6015(f) for 2008. 

To reflect the foregoing,

Decision will be entered

for petitioner. 

(...continued) 4

factor to weigh against relief when the requesting spouse has not received a

significant benefit beyond normal support. Porter v. Commissioner, 132 T.C. 203,

212-213 (2009); see also Williamson v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2013-78.