Registration Rights Agreement


 Exhibit 4.3 
  
 Execution Version 
  
 $250,000,000 
  
 TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION, INC. 
  
 Senior Secured Notes due 2010 
  
 REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT 
  
 December 12, 2005 
  
 To the Initial Purchasers 
 named on the Signature Page hereto 
  
 Ladies and Gentlemen: 
  
 Transmeridian Exploration, Inc., a company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“TEI”), proposes to issue and sell to
you (the “Initial Purchasers”), upon the terms set forth in the several purchase agreements, each dated as of or about December 12, 2005 (collectively, the “Purchase Agreement”), $250,000,000 aggregate
principal amount of its Senior Secured Notes due 2010 (the “Initial Securities”) to be guaranteed (the “Guarantees”) by its parent, Transmeridian Exploration Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the
“Parent”), and the subsidiary guarantors listed on the signature page hereto (together with the Parent, the “Guarantors” and, collectively with TEI, the “Company”). The Initial Securities will be
issued pursuant to an Indenture, to be dated as of the date hereof (as the same will be supplemented as contemplated by Section 4.40(b) of the Purchase Agreement and as otherwise hereafter supplemented or amended, the
“Indenture”), among the Parent, TEI and the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York, as trustee (the “Trustee”). To satisfy a condition to the obligations of the Initial Purchasers under the Purchase
Agreement, the Company agrees with the Initial Purchasers, for the benefit of the Initial Purchasers and the subsequent holders of the Securities (as defined below) (collectively the “Holders”), as follows: 
  
 1. Registered Exchange Offer. Unless not permitted by applicable law
(after the Company has complied with the ultimate paragraph of this Section 1), the Company shall prepare and, not later than 90 days (such 90th day being a “Filing Deadline”) after the date on which the Initial Purchasers
purchase the Initial Securities pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (the “Closing Date”), file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a registration statement (the “Exchange Offer
Registration Statement”) on an appropriate form under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), with respect to a proposed offer (the “Registered Exchange Offer”) to the Holders of
Transfer Restricted Securities (as defined in Section 6 hereof), who are not prohibited by any law or policy of the Commission from participating in the Registered Exchange Offer, to issue and deliver to such Holders, in exchange for the
Initial Securities, a like aggregate principal amount of debt securities of the Company issued under the Indenture, substantially identical in all material respects to the Initial Securities and registered under the Securities Act (the
“Exchange Securities”). The Company 

  

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shall (i) use its best efforts to cause such Exchange Offer Registration Statement to become effective under the Securities Act within 180 days
after the Closing Date (such 180th day being an “Effectiveness Deadline”) and (ii) keep the Exchange Offer Registration Statement effective for not less than 30 days (or longer, if required by applicable law) after the
date notice of the Registered Exchange Offer is mailed to the Holders (such period being called the “Exchange Offer Registration Period”). 
  
 If the Company commences the Registered Exchange Offer, the Company (i) will be entitled to consummate the Registered Exchange Offer 30 days
after such commencement (provided that the Company has accepted all the Initial Securities theretofore validly tendered in accordance with the terms of the Registered Exchange Offer) and (ii) will be required to consummate the Registered
Exchange Offer no later than 40 days after the date on which the Exchange Offer Registration Statement is declared effective (the “Consummation Deadline”). 
  
 Promptly after the declaration of the effectiveness of the Exchange Offer Registration Statement, the Company shall commence
the Registered Exchange Offer, it being the objective of such Registered Exchange Offer to enable each Holder of Transfer Restricted Securities electing to exchange the Initial Securities for Exchange Securities (assuming that such Holder is not an
affiliate of the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act, acquires the Exchange Securities in the ordinary course of such Holder’s business and has no arrangements with any person to participate in the distribution of the Exchange
Securities and is not prohibited by any law or policy of the Commission from participating in the Registered Exchange Offer) to trade such Exchange Securities from and after their receipt without any limitations or restrictions under the Securities
Act and without material restrictions under the securities laws of the several states of the United States. 
  
 The Company acknowledges that, pursuant to current interpretations by the Commission’s staff of Section 5 of the Securities Act, in the absence
of an applicable exemption therefrom, (i) each Holder which is a broker-dealer electing to exchange Initial Securities, acquired for its own account as a result of market making activities or other trading activities, for Exchange Securities
(an “Exchanging Dealer”), is required to deliver a prospectus containing the information set forth in (a) Annex A hereto on the cover, (b) Annex B hereto in the “Exchange Offer Procedures” section and the
“Purpose of the Exchange Offer” section, and (c) Annex C hereto in the “Plan of Distribution” section of such prospectus in connection with a sale of any such Exchange Securities received by such Exchanging Dealer pursuant
to the Registered Exchange Offer and (ii) an Initial Purchaser that elects to sell Securities (as defined below) acquired in exchange for Initial Securities constituting any portion of an unsold allotment, is required to deliver a prospectus
containing the information required by Item 507 or 508 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, as applicable, in connection with such sale. 
  
 The Company shall use its best efforts to keep the Exchange Offer Registration Statement effective and to amend and supplement the prospectus contained
therein, in order to permit such prospectus to be lawfully delivered by all persons subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act for such period of time as such persons must comply with such requirements in order to resell
the Exchange Securities; provided, however, that (i) in the case where such prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto must be delivered by an Exchanging Dealer or an Initial Purchaser, such period shall be the lesser of 180 days and
the 

  

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date on which all Exchanging Dealers and the Initial Purchasers have sold all Exchange Securities held by them (unless such period is extended pursuant to
Section 3(j) below) and (ii) the Company shall make such prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto available to any broker-dealer for use in connection with any resale of any Exchange Securities for a period of not less than 180
days after the consummation of the Registered Exchange Offer. 
  
 The Initial Securities and the Exchange Securities are herein collectively called the “Securities.” 
  
 In connection with the Registered Exchange Offer, the Company shall: 
  
 (a) mail to each Holder a copy of the prospectus forming part of the Exchange Offer Registration Statement,
together with an appropriate letter of transmittal; 
  
 (b) keep the Registered Exchange Offer open for not less than 30 days (or longer, if required by applicable law) after the date notice thereof is mailed to the Holders; 
  
 (c) utilize the services of a depositary for the Registered Exchange Offer, which may be the Trustee or an
affiliate of the Trustee; 
  
 (d) permit Holders
to withdraw tendered Securities at any time prior to the close of business, New York time, on the last business day on which the Registered Exchange Offer shall remain open; and 
  
 (e) otherwise comply with all applicable laws. 
  
 As soon as practicable after the close of the Registered Exchange Offer, the Company shall: 
  
 (x) accept for exchange all the Securities validly tendered
and not withdrawn pursuant to the Registered Exchange Offer; and 
  
 (y) cause the Trustee to deliver promptly to each Holder of the Initial Securities or Exchange Securities equal in principal amount to the Initial Securities of such Holder so accepted for exchange. 
  
 The Indenture will provide that the Exchange Securities will not be subject
to the transfer restrictions set forth in the Indenture and that all the Securities will vote and consent together on all matters as one class and that none of the Securities will have the right to vote or consent as a class separate from one
another on any matter. 
  
 Interest on each Exchange Security
issued pursuant to the Registered Exchange Offer will accrue from the last interest payment date on which interest was paid on the Initial Securities surrendered in exchange therefor or, if no interest has been paid on the Initial Securities, from
the date of original issue of the Initial Securities. 
  
 Each
Holder participating in the Registered Exchange Offer shall be required to represent to the Company that at the time of the consummation of the Registered Exchange Offer (i) any 

  

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Exchange Securities received by such Holder will be acquired in the ordinary course of business, (ii) such Holder will have no arrangements or
understanding with any person to participate in the distribution of the Initial Securities or the Exchange Securities within the meaning of the Securities Act, (iii) such Holder is not an “affiliate,” as defined in Rule 405 of the
Securities Act, of the Company or if it is an affiliate, such Holder will comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act to the extent applicable, (iv) if such Holder is not a broker-dealer, that it is
not engaged in, and does not intend to engage in, the distribution of the Exchange Securities and (v) if such Holder is a broker-dealer, that it will receive Exchange Securities for its own account in exchange for Initial Securities that were
acquired as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities and that it will be required to acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such Exchange Securities. 
  
 Notwithstanding any other provisions hereof, the Company will ensure that
(i) any Exchange Offer Registration Statement and any amendment thereto and any prospectus forming part thereof and any supplement thereto complies in all material respects with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder,
(ii) any Exchange Offer Registration Statement and any amendment thereto does not, when it becomes effective, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading and (iii) any prospectus forming part of any Exchange Offer Registration Statement, and any supplement to such prospectus, does not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. 
  
 If following the date hereof there has been announced a change in Commission policy with respect to exchange offers that in
the reasonable opinion of counsel to the Company raises a substantial question as to whether the Registered Exchange Offer is permitted by applicable federal law, the Company will seek a no-action letter or other favorable decision from the
Commission allowing the Company to consummate the Registered Exchange Offer. The Company will pursue the issuance of such a decision to the Commission staff level. In connection with the foregoing, the Company will take all such other actions as may
be requested by the Commission or otherwise required in connection with the issuance of such decision, including without limitation (i) participating in telephonic conferences with the Commission, (ii) delivering to the Commission staff an
analysis prepared by counsel to the Company setting forth the legal bases, if any, upon which such counsel has concluded that the Registered Exchange Offer should be permitted and (iii) diligently pursuing a resolution (which need not be
favorable) by the Commission staff. 
  
 2. Shelf
Registration. If, (i) because of any change in law or in applicable interpretations thereof by the staff of the Commission, the Company is not permitted to effect a Registered Exchange Offer, as contemplated by Section 1 hereof,
(ii) the Registered Exchange Offer is not consummated by the 220th day after the Closing Date, (iii) any Initial Purchaser so requests with respect to the Initial Securities not eligible to be exchanged for Exchange Securities in the
Registered Exchange Offer and held by it following consummation of the Registered Exchange Offer or (iv) any Holder (other than an Exchanging Dealer) is not eligible to participate in the Registered Exchange Offer or, in the case of any Holder
(other than an Exchanging Dealer) that 

  

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participates in the Registered Exchange Offer, such Holder does not receive freely tradeable Exchange Securities on the date of the exchange and any such
Holder so requests, the Company shall take the following actions (the date on which any of the conditions described in the foregoing clauses (i) through (iv) occur, including in the case of clause (iii) or (iv) the receipt of the
required notice, being a “Trigger Date”): 
  
 (a) The Company shall, by the later of 90 days after the Closing Date or 30 days after the Trigger Date (such day, the “Shelf Filing Deadline”) file with the Commission and thereafter use its best
efforts to cause to be declared effective no later than 90 days after the Shelf Filing Deadline (such 90th day being an “Effectiveness Deadline”) a registration statement (the “Shelf Registration Statement” and,
together with the Exchange Offer Registration Statement, a “Registration Statement”) on an appropriate form under the Securities Act relating to the offer and sale of the Transfer Restricted Securities by the Holders thereof from
time to time in accordance with the methods of distribution set forth in the Shelf Registration Statement and Rule 415 under the Securities Act (hereinafter, the “Shelf Registration”); provided, however, that no Holder (other than
an Initial Purchaser) shall be entitled to have the Securities held by it covered by such Shelf Registration Statement unless such Holder agrees in writing to be bound by all the provisions of this Agreement applicable to such Holder. 
  
 (b) The Company shall use its best efforts to keep the Shelf
Registration Statement continuously effective in order to permit the prospectus included therein to be lawfully delivered by the Holders of the relevant Securities, for a period of two years (or for such longer period if extended pursuant to
Section 3(j) below) from the date of its effectiveness or such shorter period that will terminate when all the Securities covered by the Shelf Registration Statement (i) have been sold pursuant thereto or (ii) are no longer subject to
restrictions on resale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, or any successor rule thereof. The Company shall be deemed not to have used its best efforts to keep the Shelf Registration Statement effective during the requisite period if it
voluntarily takes any action that would result in Holders of Securities covered thereby not being able to offer and sell such Securities during that period, unless such action is required by applicable law. 
  
 (c) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement
to the contrary, the Company shall cause the Shelf Registration Statement and the related prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, as of the effective date of the Shelf Registration Statement, amendment or supplement, (i) to comply
in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission and (ii) not to contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. 
  

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 3. Registration Procedures. In connection with any Shelf Registration contemplated by
Section 2 hereof and, to the extent applicable, any Registered Exchange Offer contemplated by Section 1 hereof, the following provisions shall apply: 
  

(a) The Company shall (i) furnish to Satellite Asset Management, L.P., prior to the filing thereof with the Commission, a copy of
the Registration Statement and each amendment thereof and each supplement, if any, to the prospectus included therein and, the Company shall use its best efforts to reflect in each such document, when so filed with the Commission, such comments as
Satellite Asset Management, L.P. reasonably may propose; (ii) include the information set forth in Annex A hereto on the cover, in Annex B hereto in the “Exchange Offer Procedures” section and the “Purpose of the Exchange
Offer” section and in Annex C hereto in the “Plan of Distribution” section of the prospectus forming a part of the Exchange Offer Registration Statement and include the information set forth in Annex D hereto in the letter of
transmittal delivered pursuant to the Registered Exchange Offer; (iii) if requested by an Initial Purchaser, include the information required by Item 507 or 508 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, as applicable, in the prospectus
forming a part of the Exchange Offer Registration Statement; (iv) include within the prospectus contained in the Exchange Offer Registration Statement a section entitled “Plan of Distribution,” which shall contain a summary statement
of the positions taken or policies made by the staff of the Commission with respect to the potential “underwriter” status of any broker-dealer that is the beneficial owner (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) of Exchange Securities received by such broker-dealer in the Registered Exchange Offer (a “Participating Broker-Dealer”), whether such positions or policies have been publicly
disseminated by the staff of the Commission or such positions or policies, in the reasonable judgment of the Company based upon advice of counsel (which may be in-house counsel), represent the prevailing views of the staff of the Commission; and
(v) in the case of a Shelf Registration Statement, include the names of the Holders who propose to sell Securities pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement as selling securityholders. 
  
 (b) The Company shall give written notice to the Initial
Purchasers, the Holders of the Securities and any Participating Broker-Dealer from whom the Company has received prior written notice that it will be a Participating Broker-Dealer in the Registered Exchange Offer (which notice pursuant to clauses
(ii)-(v) hereof shall be accompanied by an instruction to suspend the use of the prospectus until the requisite changes have been made): 
  
 (i) when the Registration Statement or any amendment thereto has been filed with the Commission and when the Registration Statement or any
post-effective amendment thereto has become effective; 
  
 (ii) of any request by the Commission for amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the prospectus included therein or for additional information; 
  
 (iii) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration
Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; 
  

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 (iv) of the receipt by the Company or its legal counsel of any notification with respect
to the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; and 
  

(v) of the happening of any event that requires the Company to make changes in the Registration Statement or the prospectus in order
that the Registration Statement or the prospectus do not contain an untrue statement of a material fact nor omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of the prospectus, in
light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading. 
  
 (c) The Company shall make every effort to obtain the withdrawal, at the earliest possible time, of any order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement. 
  
 (d) The Company shall furnish to each Holder of Securities
included within the coverage of the Shelf Registration, without charge, at least one copy of the Shelf Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, including financial statements and schedules, and, if the Holder so requests in
writing, all exhibits thereto (including those, if any, incorporated by reference). 
  
 (e) The Company shall deliver to each Exchanging Dealer and Satellite Asset Management, L.P., and to any other Holder who so requests,
without charge, at least one copy of the Exchange Offer Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, including financial statements and schedules, and, if Satellite Asset Management, L.P., or any such Holder requests, all
exhibits thereto (including those incorporated by reference). 
  
 (f) The Company shall, during the Shelf Registration Period, deliver to each Holder of Securities included within the coverage of the Shelf Registration, without charge, as many copies of the prospectus (including
each preliminary prospectus) included in the Shelf Registration Statement and any amendment or supplement thereto as such person may reasonably request. The Company consents, subject to the provisions of this Agreement, to the use of the prospectus
or any amendment or supplement thereto by each of the selling Holders of the Securities in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities covered by the prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, included in the Shelf Registration
Statement. 
  
 (g) The Company shall deliver to
each Initial Purchaser, any Exchanging Dealer, any Participating Broker-Dealer and such other persons required to deliver a prospectus following the Registered Exchange Offer, without charge, as many copies of the final prospectus included in the
Exchange Offer Registration Statement and any amendment or supplement thereto as such persons may reasonably request. The Company consents, subject to the provisions of this Agreement, to the use of the prospectus or any amendment or supplement
thereto by any Initial Purchaser, if necessary, any Participating Broker-Dealer and such other persons required to deliver a prospectus following the Registered Exchange Offer in connection with the offering and sale of the Exchange 

  

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Securities covered by the prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, included in such Exchange Offer Registration Statement. 
  
 (h) Prior to any public offering of the Securities pursuant
to any Registration Statement the Company shall register or qualify or cooperate with the Holders of the Securities included therein and their respective counsel in connection with the registration or qualification of the Securities for offer and
sale under the securities or “blue sky” laws of such states of the United States as any Holder of the Securities reasonably requests in writing and do any and all other acts or things necessary or advisable to enable the offer and sale in
such jurisdictions of the Securities covered by such Registration Statement; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to (i) qualify generally to do business in any jurisdiction where it is not then so qualified or
(ii) take any action which would subject it to general service of process or to taxation in any jurisdiction where it is not then so subject. 
  
 (i) The Company shall cooperate with the Holders of the Securities to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates
representing the Securities to be sold pursuant to any Registration Statement free of any restrictive legends. 
  
 (j) Upon the occurrence of any event contemplated by paragraphs (ii) through (v) of Section 3(b) above during the period
for which the Company is required to maintain an effective Registration Statement, the Company shall promptly prepare and file a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or a supplement to the related prospectus and any other required
document so that, as thereafter delivered to Holders of the Securities or purchasers of Securities, the prospectus will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary
to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. If the Company notifies the Initial Purchasers, the Holders of the Securities and any known Participating Broker-Dealer in accordance with
paragraphs (ii) through (v) of Section 3(b) above to suspend the use of the prospectus until the requisite changes to the prospectus have been made, then the Initial Purchasers, the Holders of the Securities and any such Participating
Broker-Dealers shall suspend use of such prospectus, and the period of effectiveness of the Shelf Registration Statement provided for in Section 2(b) above and the Exchange Offer Registration Statement provided for in Section 1 above shall
each be extended by the number of days from and including the date of the giving of such notice to and including the date when the Initial Purchasers, the Holders of the Securities and any known Participating Broker-Dealer shall have received such
amended or supplemented prospectus pursuant to this Section 3(j). 
  
 (k) Not later than the effective date of the applicable Registration Statement, the Company will provide a CUSIP number for the Initial Securities or the Exchange Securities, as the case may be, and provide the
applicable trustee with certificates for the Initial Securities or the Exchange Securities, as the case may be, in a form eligible for deposit with The Depository Trust Company. 
  

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 (l) The Company will comply with all rules and regulations of the Commission to the
extent and so long as they are applicable to the Registered Exchange Offer or the Shelf Registration and will make generally available to its security holders (or otherwise provide in accordance with Section 11(a) of the Securities Act) an
earnings statement satisfying the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act, no later than 45 days after the end of a 12-month period (or 90 days, if such period is a fiscal year) beginning with the first month of the Company’s
first fiscal quarter commencing after the effective date of the Registration Statement, which statement shall cover such 12-month period. 
  
 (m) The Company shall cause the Indenture to be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, in a timely manner and
containing such changes, if any, as shall be necessary for such qualification. In the event that such qualification would require the appointment of a new trustee under the Indenture, the Company shall appoint a new trustee thereunder pursuant to
the applicable provisions of the Indenture. 
  
 (n) The Company may require each Holder of Securities to be sold pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement to furnish to the Company such information regarding the Holder and the distribution of the Securities as the Company may from
time to time reasonably require for inclusion in the Shelf Registration Statement, including requiring the Holder to properly complete and execute such selling Security Holder notice and questionnaires, and any amendments or supplements thereto, as
the Company may reasonably deem necessary or appropriate, and the Company may exclude from such registration the Securities of any Holder that fails to furnish such information within a reasonable time after receiving such request. 
  
 (o) The Company shall enter into such customary agreements
(including, if requested, an underwriting agreement in customary form) and take all such other action, if any, as any Holder of the Securities shall reasonably request in order to facilitate the disposition of the Securities pursuant to any Shelf
Registration. 
  
 (p) In the case of any Shelf
Registration, the Company shall (i) make reasonably available for inspection by the Holders of the Securities, any underwriter participating in any disposition pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement and any attorney, accountant or other
agent retained by the Holders of the Securities or any such underwriter all relevant financial and other records, pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company and (ii) cause the Company’s officers, directors, employees,
outside reservoir engineers, accountants and auditors to supply all relevant information reasonably requested by the Holders of the Securities or any such underwriter, attorney, accountant or agent in connection with the Shelf Registration
Statement, in each case, as shall be reasonably necessary to enable such persons, to conduct a reasonable investigation within the meaning of Section 11 of the Securities Act; provided, however, that the foregoing inspection and information
gathering shall be coordinated on behalf of the Initial Purchasers by Satellite Asset Management, L.P. or, if Satellite Asset Management, L.P. elects not to coordinate such inspection and gathering, by the Holder designated in writing by the Holders
of a majority in principal amount of the Securities, and on behalf of the other parties by one counsel designated by and on behalf of such other parties as described in Section 4 hereof. 
  

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 (q) In the case of any Shelf Registration, the Company, if requested by any Holder of
Securities covered thereby, shall cause (i) its counsel to deliver an opinion and updates thereof relating to the Securities in customary form addressed to such Holders and the managing underwriters, if any, thereof and dated, in the case of
the initial opinion, the effective date of such Shelf Registration Statement (it being agreed that the matters to be covered by such opinion shall include, without limitation, the incorporation or organization and good standing of the Company and
the Guarantors; the qualification of the Company and the Guarantors to transact business as foreign corporations or limited partnerships; the due authorization, execution and delivery of the relevant agreement of the type referred to in
Section 3(o) hereof; the due authorization, execution, authentication and issuance, and the validity and enforceability, of the applicable Securities; the absence of material legal or governmental proceedings involving the Company and the
Guarantors; the absence of governmental approvals required to be obtained in connection with the Shelf Registration Statement, the offering and sale of the applicable Securities, or any agreement of the type referred to in Section 3(o) hereof;
the compliance as to form of such Shelf Registration Statement and any documents incorporated by reference therein and of the Indenture with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Trust Indenture Act, respectively; and, as of the date of the
opinion and as of the effective date of the Shelf Registration Statement or most recent post-effective amendment thereto, as the case may be, a statement as to the absence from such Shelf Registration Statement and the prospectus included therein,
as then amended or supplemented, and from any documents incorporated by reference therein of an untrue statement of a material fact or the omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading (in the case of any such documents, in the light of the circumstances existing at the time that such documents were filed with the Commission under the Exchange Act); (ii) its officers to execute and deliver all customary
documents and certificates and updates thereof requested by any underwriters of the applicable Securities; and (iii) its independent public accountants and the independent public accountants with respect to any other entity for which financial
information is provided in the Shelf Registration Statement to provide to the selling Holders of the applicable Securities and any underwriter therefor a comfort letter in customary form and covering matters of the type customarily covered in
comfort letters in connection with primary underwritten offerings, subject to receipt of appropriate documentation as contemplated, and only if permitted, by Statement of Auditing Standards No. 72. 
  
 (r) If a Registered Exchange Offer is to be consummated,
upon delivery of the Initial Securities by Holders to the Company (or to such other Person as directed by the Company) in exchange for the Exchange Securities, the Company shall mark, or caused to be marked, on the Initial Securities so exchanged
that such Initial Securities are being canceled in exchange for the Exchange Securities; in no event shall the Initial Securities be marked as paid or otherwise satisfied. 
  
 (s) The Company shall use its best efforts to take all other steps necessary to effect the registration of
the Securities covered by a Registration Statement contemplated hereby. 
  

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 4. Registration Expenses. 
  
 (a) All expenses incident to the Company’s performance of and compliance with this Agreement will be
borne by the Company, regardless of whether a Registration Statement is ever filed or becomes effective, including without limitation; 
  
 (i) all registration and filing fees and expenses; 
  
 (ii) all fees and expenses of compliance with federal securities and state “blue sky” or
securities laws; 
  
 (iii) all expenses of
printing (including printing of Prospectuses), messenger and delivery services and telephone; 
  
 (iv) all fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company; and 
  
 (v) all fees and disbursements of independent certified public accountants or outside reservoir engineers of
the Company (including the expenses of any audit services or comfort letters required by or incident to such performance). 
  
 The Company will bear its internal expenses (including, without limitation, all salaries and expenses of its officers and employees performing legal or accounting
duties), the expenses of any annual audit and the fees and expenses of any person, including special experts, retained by the Company. 
  
 (b) In connection with any Registration Statement required by this Agreement, the Company will reimburse the Initial Purchasers and the
Holders of Transfer Restricted Securities who are tendering Initial Securities in the Registered Exchange Offer and/or selling or reselling Securities pursuant to the “Plan of Distribution” contained in the Exchange Offer Registration
Statement or the Shelf Registration Statement, as applicable, for the reasonable fees and disbursements of not more than one counsel, not to exceed $20,000 in the aggregate, who shall be Mazzeo Song LLP unless another firm shall be chosen by the
Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Transfer Restricted Securities for whose benefit such Registration Statement is being prepared. 
  
 5. Indemnification. 
  
 (a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Holder of the Securities, any Participating Broker-Dealer and each person, if
any, who controls such Holder or such Participating Broker-Dealer within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (each Holder, any Participating Broker-Dealer and such controlling persons are referred to collectively as the
“Indemnified Parties”) from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, or any actions in respect thereof (including, but not limited to, any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or actions relating to
purchases and sales of the Securities) to which each Indemnified Party may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or actions arise out of or are based upon any
untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in a Registration Statement or 

  

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prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto or in any preliminary prospectus relating to a Shelf Registration, or arise out of, or are based upon,
the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and shall reimburse, as incurred, the Indemnified Parties for any legal or other expenses
reasonably incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action in respect thereof; provided, however, that (i) the Company shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that such
loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in a Registration Statement or prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto or in any
preliminary prospectus relating to a Shelf Registration in reliance upon and in conformity with written information pertaining to such Holder and furnished to the Company by or on behalf of such Holder specifically for inclusion therein and
(ii) with respect to any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in any preliminary prospectus relating to a Shelf Registration Statement, the indemnity agreement contained in this subsection (a) shall not
inure to the benefit of any Holder or Participating Broker-Dealer from whom the person asserting any such losses, claims, damages or liabilities purchased the Securities concerned, to the extent that a prospectus relating to such Securities was
required to be delivered by such Holder or Participating Broker-Dealer under the Securities Act in connection with such purchase and any such loss, claim, damage or liability of such Holder or Participating Broker-Dealer results from the fact that
there was not sent or given to such person, at or prior to the written confirmation of the sale of such Securities to such person, a copy of the final prospectus if the Company had previously furnished copies thereof to such Holder or Participating
Broker-Dealer; provided further, however, that this indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which the Company may otherwise have to such Indemnified Party. The Company shall also indemnify underwriters, their officers and directors
and each person who controls such underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act to the same extent as provided above with respect to the indemnification of the Holders of the Securities if requested by such Holders.

  
 (b) Each Holder of the Securities, severally
and not jointly, will indemnify and hold harmless the Company and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities or any actions
in respect thereof, to which the Company or any such controlling person may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or actions arise out of or are based upon any
untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in a Registration Statement or prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto or in any preliminary prospectus relating to a Shelf Registration, or arise out of or are
based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, but in each case only to the extent that the untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission
was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information pertaining to such Holder and furnished to the Company by or on behalf of such Holder specifically for inclusion therein; and, subject to the limitation set forth immediately
preceding this clause, shall reimburse, as incurred, the Company for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred 

  

 12 







 
by the Company or any such controlling person in connection with investigating or defending any loss, claim, damage, liability or action in respect thereof.
This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which such Holder may otherwise have to the Company or any of its controlling persons. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall any indemnification obligation of a Holder under
this Section 5(b) exceed the net proceeds resulting from the sale of the Securities sold by such Holder under the applicable Registration Statement. 
  
 (c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 5 of notice of the commencement of any action or proceeding
(including a governmental investigation), such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under this Section 5, notify the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof; but the omission
so to notify the indemnifying party will not, in any event, relieve the indemnifying party from any obligations to any indemnified party other than the indemnification obligation provided in paragraph (a) or (b) above. In case any such
action is brought against any indemnified party, and it notifies the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate therein and, to the extent that it may wish, jointly with any other
indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of its election so to assume the defense
thereof the indemnifying party will not be liable to such indemnified party under this Section 5 for any legal or other expenses, other than reasonable costs of investigation, subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with
the defense thereof. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened action in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a party and
indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party unless such settlement (i) includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party from all liability on any claims that are the subject matter of such action, and
(ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party. 
  
 (d) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 5 is unavailable or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under
subsections (a) or (b) above, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred to in
subsection (a) or (b) above in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the indemnifying party or parties on the one hand and the indemnified party on the other in connection with the statements or omissions that
resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of the parties shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the
untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company on the one hand or such Holder or such other indemnified party, as the case may be, on
the other, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The amount paid by an indemnified party as a result of the 

  

 13 







 
losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in the first sentence of this subsection (d) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses
reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any action or claim which is the subject of this subsection (d). Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 5(d), the Holders of the Securities
shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the net proceeds received by such Holders from the sale of the Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement exceeds the amount of damages which such Holders have
otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled
to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this subsection (d), each person, if any, who controls such indemnified party within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act shall
have the same rights to contribution as such indemnified party and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company. 
  
 (e) The agreements contained in this Section 5 shall
survive the sale of the Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement and shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any termination or cancellation of this Agreement or any investigation made by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

  
 6. Additional Interest Under Certain Circumstances.

  
 (a) By way of liquidated damages, additional
interest (the “Additional Interest”) with respect to the Securities shall be assessed as follows if any of the following events occur (each such event in clauses (i) through (iv) below being herein called a
“Registration Default”): 
  
 (i)
any Registration Statement required by this Agreement is not filed with the Commission on or prior to the Filing Deadline or Shelf Filing Deadline, as applicable; 
  
 (ii) any Registration Statement required by this Agreement is not declared effective by the Commission on or
prior to the applicable Effectiveness Deadline; 
  
 (iii) the Registered Exchange Offer has not been consummated on or prior to the Consummation Deadline; or 
  
 (iv) any Registration Statement required by this Agreement has been declared effective by the Commission but (A) such Registration
Statement thereafter ceases to be effective or (B) such Registration Statement or the related prospectus ceases to be usable in connection with resales of Transfer Restricted Securities during the periods specified herein because either
(1) any event occurs as a result of which the related prospectus forming part of such Registration Statement would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein in
the light of the 

  

 14 







 
circumstances under which they were made not misleading, or (2) it shall be necessary to amend such Registration Statement or supplement the related
prospectus, to comply with the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or the respective rules thereunder. 
  
 Each of the foregoing will constitute a Registration Default whatever the reason for any such event and whether it is voluntary or involuntary or is beyond the control of the Company or pursuant to operation of law or
as a result of any action or inaction by the Commission. 
  
 Additional Interest shall accrue on the Securities over and above the interest set forth in the title of the Securities from and including the date on which any such Registration Default shall occur to but excluding the date on which all
such Registration Defaults have been cured, at a rate of 0.5% per annum (the “Additional Interest Rate”) for the first 90-day period immediately following the occurrence of such Registration Default. The Additional Interest
Rate shall increase by an additional 0.5% per annum with respect to each subsequent 90-day period until all Registration Defaults have been cured, up to a maximum Additional Interest Rate of 2.0% per annum. 
  
 (b) A Registration Default referred to in
Section 6(a)(iv) hereof shall be deemed not to have occurred and be continuing in relation to a Shelf Registration Statement or the related prospectus if (i) such Registration Default has occurred solely as a result of (x) the filing
of a post-effective amendment to such Shelf Registration Statement to incorporate annual audited financial information with respect to the Company where such post-effective amendment is not yet effective and needs to be declared effective to permit
Holders to use the related prospectus or (y) other material events, with respect to the Company that would need to be described in such Shelf Registration Statement or the related prospectus and (ii) in the case of clause (y), the Company
is proceeding promptly and in good faith to amend or supplement such Shelf Registration Statement and related prospectus to describe such events; provided, however, that in any case if such Registration Default occurs for a continuous period in
excess of 30 days, or 60 days in the aggregate in any 365-day period, Additional Interest shall be payable in accordance with the above paragraph from the day such Registration Default occurs until such Registration Default is cured. 
  
 (c) Any amounts of Additional Interest due pursuant to
Section 6(a) will be payable in cash on the regular interest payment dates with respect to the Securities. The amount of Additional Interest will be determined by multiplying the applicable Additional Interest Rate by the principal amount of
the Securities and further multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days such Additional Interest Rate was applicable during such period (determined on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months), and the
denominator of which is 360. 
  
 (d)
“Transfer Restricted Securities” means each Security until (i) the date on which such Security has been exchanged by a person other than a broker-dealer for a freely transferable Exchange Security in the Registered Exchange
Offer, (ii) following the exchange by a broker-dealer in the Registered Exchange Offer of an Initial Security for an Exchange Security, the date on which such Exchange Security is sold to a purchaser who receives from such broker-dealer on or
prior to the date of such sale a copy of the prospectus contained in the Exchange Offer 

  

 15 







 
Registration Statement, (iii) the date on which such Security has been effectively registered under the Securities Act and disposed of in accordance
with the Shelf Registration Statement or (iv) the date on which such Security is distributed to the public pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act or is saleable pursuant to Rule 144(k) under the Securities Act. 
  
 7. Rules 144 and 144A. The Company shall use its best efforts to file
the reports required to be filed by it under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act in a timely manner and, if at any time the Company is not required to file such reports, it will, upon the request of any Holder of Securities, make publicly
available other information so long as necessary to permit sales of their securities pursuant to Rules 144 and 144A. The Company covenants that it will take such further action as any Holder of Securities may reasonably request, all to the extent
required from time to time to enable such Holder to sell Securities without registration under the Securities Act within the limitation of the exemptions provided by Rules 144 and 144A (including the requirements of Rule 144A(d)(4)). The Company
will provide a copy of this Agreement to prospective purchasers of Initial Securities identified to the Company by the Initial Purchasers upon request. Upon the request of any Holder of Initial Securities, the Company shall deliver to such Holder a
written statement as to whether it has complied with such requirements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Section 7 shall be deemed to require the Company to register any of its securities pursuant to the Exchange Act. 

 
 8. Underwritten Registrations. If any of the Transfer Restricted
Securities covered by any Shelf Registration are to be sold in an underwritten offering, the investment banker or investment bankers and manager or managers that will administer the offering (“Managing Underwriters”) will be
selected by the Company, with the reasonable approval of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of such Transfer Restricted Securities to be included in such offering. 
  
 No person may participate in any underwritten registration hereunder unless such person (i) agrees to sell such
person’s Transfer Restricted Securities on the basis reasonably provided in any underwriting arrangements approved by the persons entitled hereunder to approve such arrangements and (ii) completes and executes all questionnaires, powers of
attorney, indemnities, underwriting agreements and other documents reasonably required under the terms of such underwriting arrangements. 
  
 9. Miscellaneous. 
  
 (a) Remedies. Each of the parties hereto acknowledges and agrees that the payment of Additional Interest as provided in
Section 6 hereof is not the exclusive remedy available to the Holders for any failure by the Company to comply with its obligations under Sections 1 and 2 hereof, and the Holders reserve all other rights and remedies available to them under
applicable law. 
  
 (b) No Inconsistent
Agreements. The Company will not on or after the date of this Agreement enter into any agreement that is inconsistent with the rights granted to the Holders in this Agreement or otherwise conflicts with the provisions hereof. The rights granted
to the Holders hereunder do not in any way conflict with and are not inconsistent with the rights 

  

 16 







 
granted to the holders of the Company’s securities under any agreement in effect on the date hereof. 
  
 (c) Amendments and Waivers. The provisions of this
Agreement may not be amended, modified or supplemented, and waivers or consents to departures from the provisions hereof may not be given, except by the Company and the written consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Securities affected by such amendment, modification, supplement, waiver or consent. Without the consent of the Holder of each Security, however, no modification may change the provisions relating to the payment of Additional Interest. 
  
 (d) Notices. All notices and other communications
provided for or permitted hereunder shall be made in writing by hand delivery, first-class mail, facsimile transmission, or air courier which guarantees overnight delivery: 
  
 (1) if to a Holder of the Securities, at the most current address given by such Holder to the Company;

  
 (2) if to an Initial Purchaser, pursuant to
its contact information set forth beneath its signature to the Purchase Agreement; 
  
 (3) if to the Company at its address as follows: 
  

c/o Transmeridian Exploration Incorporated 
 397 N. Sam Houston Parkway E., Suite 300 
 Houston, Texas 77060 
 Attention: Nicolas J. Evanoff, General Counsel 
  
 with a copy to: 
  
 Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld, LLP 
 1111 Louisiana, Suite 4400 
 Houston, Texas 77002 
 Attention: James L. Rice III 
  
 All such notices and communications shall be deemed to have been duly given: at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; three business days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; when receipt is
acknowledged by recipient’s facsimile machine operator, if sent by facsimile transmission; and on the day delivered, if sent by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery. 
  
 (e) Third Party Beneficiaries. The Holders shall be third party beneficiaries to the agreements made
hereunder between the Company, on the one hand, and the Initial Purchasers, on the other hand, and shall have the right to enforce such agreements directly to the extent they may deem such enforcement necessary or advisable to protect their rights
or the rights of Holders hereunder. 
  
 (f)
Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon the Company and its successors and assigns. 
  

 17 







 (g) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and
by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. 
  
 (h) Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for
convenience of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the meaning hereof. 
  
 (i) Governing Law. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT
REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. 
  
 (j) Severability. If any one or more of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of any such provision in
every other respect and of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not be affected or impaired thereby. 
  
 (k) Securities Held by the Company. Whenever the consent or approval of Holders of a specified percentage of principal amount of
Securities is required hereunder, Securities held by the Company or its affiliates (other than subsequent Holders of Securities if such subsequent Holders are deemed to be affiliates solely by reason of their holdings of such Securities) shall not
be counted in determining whether such consent or approval was given by the Holders of such required percentage. 
  
 (l) Submission to Jurisdiction. By the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company submits to the nonexclusive
jurisdiction of the competent Federal and state courts in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. 
  

 18 







 If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, please sign and return to the
Company a counterpart hereof, whereupon this instrument, along with all counterparts, will become a binding agreement among the several Initial Purchasers and the Company in accordance with its terms. 
  

			
	 Very truly yours,

	
	ISSUER:
	
	TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INC.
		
	By:	 	/s/    BRUCE A.
FALKENSTEIN        
	Name:	 	Bruce A. Falkenstein
	Title:	 	Vice President
	
	PARENT:
	
	TRANSMERIDIAN EXPLORATION INCORPORATED
		
	By:	 	/s/    BRUCE A.
FALKENSTEIN        
	Name:	 	Bruce A. Falkenstein
	Title:	 	Vice President Exploration and Geology
	
	SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS:
	
	TMEI OPERATING, INC.
		
	By:	 	/s/    BRUCE A.
FALKENSTEIN        
	Name:	 	Bruce A. Falkenstein
	Title:	 	Vice President
	
	TRANSMERIDIAN (KAZAKHSTAN) INCORPORATED
		
	By:	 	/s/    BRUCE A.
FALKENSTEIN        
	Name:	 	Bruce A. Falkenstein
	Title:	 	Vice President


  

 S-1 







 The foregoing Registration 
 Rights Agreement is hereby confirmed 
 and accepted as of the date first 
 above written. 
  

			
	PURCHASERS:
	
	 
		
	By:	 	 



			
	 Name:
	 	 
	 Title:
	 	 


  

 S-2 







 ANNEX A 
  
 Each broker-dealer that receives Exchange Securities for its own account pursuant to the Exchange Offer must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection
with any resale of such Exchange Securities. The Letter of Transmittal states that by so acknowledging and by delivering a prospectus, a broker-dealer will not be deemed to admit that it is an “underwriter” within the meaning of the
Securities Act. This Prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, may be used by a broker-dealer in connection with resales of Exchange Securities received in exchange for Initial Securities where such Initial Securities were
acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities. The Company has agreed that, for a period of 180 days after the Expiration Date (as defined herein), it will make this Prospectus available to any
broker-dealer for use in connection with any such resale. See “Plan of Distribution.” 
  

 A-1 







 ANNEX B 
  
 Each broker-dealer that receives Exchange Securities for its own account in exchange for Initial Securities, where such Initial Securities were acquired
by such broker-dealer as a result of market- making activities or other trading activities, must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such Exchange Securities. See “Plan of Distribution.”

  

 B-1 







 ANNEX C 
  
 PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION 
  
 Each broker-dealer that receives Exchange Securities for its own account pursuant to the Exchange Offer must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus
in connection with any resale of such Exchange Securities. This prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, may be used by a broker-dealer in connection with resales of Exchange Securities received in exchange for Initial
Securities where such Initial Securities were acquired as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities. The Company has agreed that, for a period of 180 days after the effective date of the registration statement of which this
prospectus forms a part, it will make this prospectus, as amended or supplemented, available to any broker-dealer for use in connection with any such resale. In addition,
until                     , 200     , all dealers effecting transactions in the Exchange Securities may be required to deliver a
prospectus.1 
  
 The Company will not receive any proceeds from any sale of Exchange Securities by broker-dealers. Exchange Securities received by broker-dealers for their
own account pursuant to the Exchange Offer may be sold from time to time in one or more transactions in the over-the-counter market, in negotiated transactions, through the writing of options on the Exchange Securities or a combination of such
methods of resale, at market prices prevailing at the time of resale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices or negotiated prices. Any such resale may be made directly to purchasers or to or through brokers or dealers who may receive
compensation in the form of commissions or concessions from any such broker-dealer or the purchasers of any such Exchange Securities. Any broker-dealer that resells Exchange Securities that were received by it for its own account pursuant to the
Exchange Offer and any broker or dealer that participates in a distribution of such Exchange Securities may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act and any profit on any such resale of Exchange Securities
and any commission or concessions received by any such persons may be deemed to be underwriting compensation under the Securities Act. The Letter of Transmittal states that, by acknowledging that it will deliver and by delivering a prospectus, a
broker-dealer will not be deemed to admit that it is an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act. 
  
 For a period of 180 days after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, the Company will promptly send
additional copies of this prospectus and any amendment or supplement to this Prospectus to any broker-dealer that requests such documents in the Letter of Transmittal. The Company has agreed to pay all expenses incident to the Exchange Offer
(including the expenses of one counsel for the Holders of the Securities) other than commissions or concessions of any brokers or dealers and will indemnify the Holders of the Securities (including any broker-dealers) against certain liabilities,
including liabilities under the Securities Act. 


	1	In addition, if applicable the legend required by Item 502(b) of Regulation S-K will appear on the outside back cover page of the Exchange Offer prospectus.


  

 C-1 







 ANNEX D 
  
 If the undersigned is not a broker-dealer, the undersigned represents that it is not engaged in, and does not intend to engage in, a distribution of Exchange Securities.
If the undersigned is a broker-dealer that will receive Exchange Securities for its own account in exchange for Initial Securities that were acquired as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities, it acknowledges that it will
deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such Exchange Securities; however, by so acknowledging and by delivering a prospectus, the undersigned will not be deemed to admit that it is an “underwriter” within the meaning of the
Securities Act. 
  

 D-1