IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 21

- 1949 Filed September 21, 2022

STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff

- Appellee,

vs.

JACOB EUGENE HANSEL , Defendant

- Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Washington County, Lucy J. Gamon

, Judge.

Jacob Eugene Hansel appeals his convictions for possession with intent to

deliver and failure to affix a drug tax stamp. AFFIRMED.

Theresa J. Seeberger

, Iowa City , for appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Timothy M. Hau , Assistant Attorn ey

General, for appellee.

Considered by Bower, C.J. , Tabor, J., and Scott, S.J.*

*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206

(2022 ).2

SCOTT , Senior Judge

. When officers executed an outstanding arrest warrant for Jacob Eugene

Hansel , Hansel was discovered to have three baggies of methamphetamine, four

empty baggies, a scale for measuring methamphetamine and paraphernalia for

ingesting the substance, and $1177 . A jury found him guilty of possession with

intent to deliver methamphetamine, over five grams, and failure to affix a drug tax

stamp . On appeal, Hansel asserts a deputy’s testimony included inadmissible

prior “ bad acts ” testimony. The State argues thi s claim is not preserved for review.

We agree.

“It is a fundamental doctrine of appellate review that issues must ordinarily

be both raised and decided by the district court before we will decide them on

appeal.” Meier v. Senecaut , 641 N.W.2d 532, 537 (Iowa 2002)

.

Error preservation is important for several reasons: (1) it affords the district court an opportunity to avoid or correct error that may affect the future course of the trial; (2) it provides the appellate court with an adequate record for review; and (3) it disallows sandbagging

— that is, it does not “allow a party to choose to remain silent in the trial court in the face of error, tak[e] a chance on a favorable outcome, and subsequently assert error on appeal if the outcome in the trial

co urt is unfavorable.”

State v. Crawford

, 972 N.W.2d 189, 199 (Iowa 2022) (alteration in original)

(citations omitted)

. “ When we speak of error preservation, all we mean is that a

party has an obligation to raise an issue in the district court and obtain a decision

on the issue so that an appellate court can review the merits of the decision actually

rendered. ” Id. at 198

.

In State v. Mulvany

, 603 N.W.2d 630, 632 (Iowa Ct. App. 1999) , this court

found the defendant’s relevancy objection at trial did not p reserve his argument on

appeal that evidence also should have been excluded under Iowa Rules of3

Evidence 5.403 and 5.404(b). There, we stated, “ It is incumbent upon the

objecting party to lodge specific objections so the trial court is not left to speculate

whether the evidence is in fact subject to some infirmity that the objection does not

identify. ” When a specific ground is not presented, error is not preserved. Id.

At trial here, Deputy Kirk Bailey testified his suspicions were aroused whe n

he went to a convenience store at about 3:00 a.m. on October 1, 2019, and

encountered Hansel and a woman in the store . He test ified :

A. Usually when I go in, you know, somebody will make eye contact and nod or say hi or something simple, you know, and [Hansel] wouldn ’ t look up from his coffee, and he kept stirring his coffee the whole time. Q. The whole time you were there? A. Correct. Q. What did you do then? A. I checked out and bought whatever I bought and then went out the back into the north side of the building, got in my car, drove around the building, and then saw [the woman] by the vehicle. So I got the license plate from the vehicle and then asked dispatch to run a license plate check on the vehicle.

. . . . Q. And what popped up? A. Came back that the vehicle was associated with Jacob Hansel and that he had, like, numerous warrants

— one for assault

— [DEFENSE COUNSEL] : Your Honor. Q. [(PROSECUTOR)] That ’ s enough. Thank you. When there is a warrant, what do you do afte r that, generally? A. I asked dispatch to send me a picture of Mr. Hansel, which they then did, and it was the same subject that was in the Kum & Go.

Hansel asserts on appeal, “ Though the exact word ‘objection’ wasn’t

spoken, it’s clear that by interrup ting testimony, defense counsel was objecting to

the improper testimony. ” It is far from clear what was meant by defense counsel.

T rial counsel made no objection, made no further record

, and did not ask to strike

testimony . The trial court made no rulin g. We have nothing to review ; thus

, we

affirm.

AFFIRMED.