Rule 10 of the Rules of the Court of Appeals of Tennessee provides:

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This Court, with the concurrence of all judges participating in the case, may affirm, reverse or modify

the actions of the trial court by memorandum opinion when a formal opinion would have no

precedential value. When a case is decided by memorandum opinion it shall be designated

“MEMORANDUM OPINION”, shall not be published, and shall not be cited or relied on for any

reason in any unrelated case.

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT JACKSON

August 19, 2008 Session

VICKIE F. (LOUT) HUDSON v. DAVID P. LOUT

Direct Appeal from the Chancery Court for Tipton County

No. 12,151 Martha B. Brasfield, Chancellor

No. W2007-02704-COA-R3-CV - Filed September 9, 2008

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed in part;

Vacated in part; and Remanded

DAVID R. FARMER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which HOLLY M. KIRBY, J., and J.

STEVEN STAFFORD, J., joined.

Jeffery L. Stimpson, Munford, Tennessee, for the appellant, David P. Lout.

Bradley C. Ball, Memphis, Tennessee, for the appellee, Vickie F. (Lout) Hudson.

MEMORANDUM OPINION1

This domestic relations action requires us to construe a provision of the parties’ 1993 divorce

decree with respect to the division of Defendant/Appellant David P. Lout’s (Mr. Lout’s) military

retirement pay. The trial court construed the 1993 decree as requiring Mr. Lout to pay to

Plaintiff/Appellee Vickie F. Lout Hudson (Ms. Hudson), Mr. Lout’s former wife, an amount

equivalent to 28 percent of his military retirement pay. The trial court calculated this amount as onehalf the retirement pay received by Mr. Lout, multiplied by a fraction representing the number of

years the parties were married divided by the number of years Mr. Lout served in the military. The

trial court also ordered Mr. Lout to pay arrearages and awarded Wife her attorney’s fees as damages

predicated on a finding of contempt. Mr. Lout appeals; we affirm the trial court’s construction of
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the parties’ 1993 decree of divorce, vacate the finding of contempt and award of attorney’s fees, and

remand. 

Background and Procedural History

The facts relevant to our disposition of this matter are undisputed. Mr. Lout entered active

duty in the United States Navy in 1976. Mr. Lout and Ms. Hudson were married in 1977 and

divorced in 1993. Following hearings, in May 1993 the trial court gave an oral ruling awarding Ms.

Hudson “half of the present value of [Mr. Lout’s] military retirement as of May 27, 1993.” A written

order was prepared by the parties and entered by the trial court in September 1993. The written order

provided, in relevant part:

[P]laintiff (Ms. Hudson) is awarded half of the present value of defendant’s military

retirement as of May 27, 1993; the present value of plaintiff’s interest in defendant’s

military retirement is determined by the following fraction: 

16 x 50%

total number of years of defendant’s service

in military before retirement

Both parties shall execute all documents necessary to convey the interest in the

military retirement awarded to plaintiff to her, and to make this order effective with

defendant’s employer and pension benefits administrator. 

Although the 1993 divorce action was contested, the parties do not dispute that the language utilized

by the trial court in providing for the division of Mr. Lout’s military pension benefits was drafted

and agreed to by both parties. The 1993 decree was not appealed.

Mr. Lout retired from military service in May 2005. When he retired, Mr. Lout was eligible

to receive 71.83 percent of his base pay of $5,231.70 as retirement pay. Thus, his monthly retirement

pay is $3,757.93. Mr. Lout did not pay a portion of his military retirement benefits to Ms. Hudson

despite the provision requiring him to do so contained in the 1993 divorce decree. Ms. Hudson

contacted the Defense Finance and Accounting Service (“DFAS”), which notified her that the

language used in the 1993 decree was insufficient to allow the DFAS to directly disperse payment

to her. In December 2005, Ms. Hudson filed a motion to amend the final decree of divorce. In her

motion, Ms. Hudson asserted that, under the formula utilized in the 1993 decree, she was entitled

to receive 28 percent of Mr. Lout’s pension, or .5 multiplied by 16 years of marriage divided by 29

years of military service.

In his response, Mr. Lout denied that the final decree should be amended as proposed by Ms.

Hudson, and counter-claimed for an amended decree using an “appropriate formula accepted by the

U.S. Military finance office” to substitute for “any deficient provision of the decree.” In May 2007,

Mr. Lout filed an amended answer praying that the trial court “correct” the 1993 provision pursuant
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to Rule 60.01. In the meantime, in June 2006, Ms. Hudson filed a petition for civil contempt,

alleging that Mr. Lout had “willfully disobeyed the orders of the Court although able and capable

of compliance with said order by failing or refusing to pay ANY military retirement proceeds as

ordered” by the court. 

Following a hearing in May 2007, the trial court held that the formula agreed to by the parties

in 1993 resulted in an award to Mr. Hudson in the amount of “16/29 x 50% of [Mr. Lout’s] present

military retirement.” In so holding, the trial court noted, “[t]he Final Decree of Divorce was entered

on September 2, 1993, twelve years before the Plaintiff filed the Motion to Amend the Final Decree

of Divorce. It appears to the [c]ourt that it is now too late to complain of the terms of the order.”

In June 2007, Mr. Lout filed a motion to alter or amend, asserting that the 1993 provision

should be put aside pursuant to Rule 60.01 in order to correct the “clerical mistake in the formula

incorporated in the final decree of divorce[.]” In October 2007, the trial court entered an order

denying Mr. Lout’s motion and granting Ms. Hudson’s motion to amend the final decree. In its

order, the trial court found that the language used in the original decree was insufficient for the

purpose of allowing the DFAS to disburse Mr. Lout’s military pension, reaffirmed that the formula

utilized should be 16/29 x 50% of Mr. Lout’s “disposable military retirement pay,” and ordered that

Ms. Hudson should therefore receive 28 percent of Mr. Lout’s retirement pay. In November 2007,

the trial court entered an order holding that any error in the formula entered by the court in 1993 was

not a “clerical error.” The court noted that, assuming the 1993 order contained an error of law, any

such error was not “clerical” in nature, but was “an errorset out in an order signed by both attorneys

and the judge who heard the matter[.]” Also in November 2007, Ms. Hudson filed a motion to

reduce the arrearages to judgment, seeking arrearages plus interest in the amount of $26,820.67. She

also prayed for attorney’s fees. 

In February 2008, the trial court entered a final judgment supplementing its orders of May

and October 2007. The trial court denied Mr. Lout’s motion to alter or amend or for a new trial;

granted Ms. Hudson’s motion to reduce the arrearages to judgment; found that the parties agreed that

the arrearage owed by Mr. Lout was $19,170.37, including simple interest; and found Mr. Lout to

be in contempt for his failure to pay any part of his military pension to Ms. Hudson. The trial court’s

award of attorney’s fees in the amount of $4,000 to Ms. Hudson is contained in the numbered

paragraph containing the court’s finding of contempt and is, as we construe it, an award of damages

arising from that contempt. Mr. Lout filed a timely notice of appeal to this Court.

Issues Presented

Mr. Lout presents the following issues, as slightly reworded, for our review:

(1) Whether the trial court erred in clarifying the final decree of divorce to award

Ms. Hudson 28% of Mr. Lout’s military retirement pay.
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(2) Whether the trial court erred in finding Mr. Lout in contempt and in awarding

Ms. Hudson a judgment for arrearages in payment of military retirement

benefits.

(3) Whether the trial court erred in awarding Ms. Hudson’s attorney’s fees.

Standard of Review

We review the trial court’s findings of fact with a presumption of correctness unless the

evidence preponderates otherwise. Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d). Thus, we may not reverse the trial court’s

factual findings unless they are contrary to the preponderance of the evidence. We review the trial

court’s conclusions on matters of law de novo, with no presumption of correctness. Tenn. R. App.

P. 13(d); Bowden v. Ward, 27 S.W.3d 913, 916 (Tenn. 2000). 

Analysis

We turn first to Mr. Lout’s assertion that the trial court erred by awarding Ms. Hudson 28

percent of his retirement benefits. In his brief to this Court, Mr. Lout asserts the formula contained

in the 1993 divorce decree was erroneous under the law as it existed at the time of the divorce and

that such alleged error was “clerical” in nature. He asserts the trial court therefore erred by denying

his Rule 60.01 motion to correct the 1993 decree provision. Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure

60.01 permits the trial court to correct a judgment containing a clerical error or an error of oversight

or omission. Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.01; Dunlap v. Dunlap, 996 S.W.2d 803, 811 (Tenn. App. 1998).

We review a trial court’s decision regarding whether to grant a Rule 60.01 motion under an abuse

of discretion standard. Anderson v. Anderson, No. M2004-01570-COA-R3-CV, 2006 WL 1627181,

at *6 (Tenn. Ct. App. June 9, 2006) (no perm app. filed). 

We agree with the trial court that, assuming, arguendo, that the 1993 provision regarding the

division of Mr. Lout’s military pension did not reflect the law as it existed at that time, any such

error was not clerical in nature. The provision was agreed to by the parties; it was not appealed.

That Mr. Lout is now unhappy with its application does not render any asserted error “clerical.” We

find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s denial of Mr. Lout’s Rule 60.01 motion.

However, despite agreeing with the trial court that any error in the 1993 decree was not

“clerical,” we note that there is no dispute in this case that the provision was ambiguous, at least to

the extent that the DFAS was unable to distribute benefits under its language. This dispute, as we

perceive it, required the trial court to construe rather than amend the 1993 decree provision. Courts

construe a judgment like any other written instrument. Blue Cross-Blue Shield of Tennessee v.

Eddins, 516 S.W.2d 76, 78 (Tenn. 1974)(citations omitted). The determinative factor is the intent

of the rendering court as discerned from all parts of the judgment. Id. A judgment should be

construed so as to give “force and effect to every word of it, if possible, and make its several parts

consistent, effective and reasonable.” Id.
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We agree with the trial court that the 1993 decree awards Ms. Hudson one-half of the military

pension payments received by Mr. Lout, multiplied by 16/29. The trial court’s order defines the

“present value” of the retirement benefit as 16 divided by the total number of years of defendant’s

service in military before retirement x 50 percent. Defendant’s total number of years of service was

29. Moreover, we cannot agree with Mr. Lout that the dollar amount to be multiplied by 50 percent

is the retirement benefit Mr. Lout would have received had he retired with a base pay equal to his

base pay at the time of the divorce. Had that been the intent of the judgment, it is reasonable to

assume that the judgment would have simply included that amount in the calculation. We

accordingly affirm the trial court’s award of 28 percent of Mr. Lout’s military retirement pay to Ms.

Hudson.

We next turn to Mr. Lout’s assertion that the trial court erred in awarding arrearages to Ms.

Hudson. Mr. Lout’s argument, as we understand it, is that the trial court’s award of arrearages was

predicated on the court’s finding of contempt. We must disagree. The trial court’s order of February

2008 includes a finding that the parties agreed that Mr. Lout owed arrearages in the amount of

$19,170.37, including interest, and orders Mr. Lout to pay that amount at the rate of $350 per month

beginning January 2008. The arrearage amount constitutes property rightfully belonging to Ms.

Hudson. We affirm.

We finally turn to Mr. Lout’s assertion that the trial court erred in awarding Ms. Lout her

attorney’s fees. Mr. Lout asserts the trial court erred in making this award for two reasons. First,

because an award of attorney’s fees is not appropriate in an action to enforce a property division.

Second, because he was not in contempt. 

We begin our analysis by noting that the trial court’s award of attorney’s fees in this case was

predicated upon the trial court’s determination that Mr. Lout was in contempt of court for failure to

pay any part of his pension to Ms. Hudson upon his retirement. The award was an award of damages

based upon a finding of contempt. This Court previously has held that an award of attorney’s fees

may be appropriate as an award of compensatory damages in a successful civil contempt proceeding.

Reed v. Hamilton, 39 S.W.3d 115, 119 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2000)(citations omitted). We review such

an award under an abuse of discretion standard. Id. 

Mr. Lout asserts the trial court erred by finding him in contempt because the court failed to

conduct any hearing on Ms. Hudson’s petition for contempt and because he had no notice of a

contempt citation. Ms. Hudson does not dispute that no hearing was held on her contempt petition,

but merely asserts the trial court did not err by finding Mr. Lout in civil contempt where it is

undisputed that Mr. Lout failed to pay any part of his military retirement benefit to Ms. Hudson prior

to the commencement of this action. In light of the absence of a hearing demonstrating that Mr. Lout

was willfully in contempt of an order that was undisputedly ambiguous, we vacate the trial court’s

finding of contempt. We accordingly vacate the trial court’s judgment awarding Ms. Hudson her

attorney’s fees as an award of compensatory damages predicated upon a finding of contempt. We

remand to the trial court for further proceedings limited to Ms. Hudson’s petition for contempt.
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Holding

We vacate the trial court’s judgment finding Mr. Lout in contempt and awarding Ms. Hudson

her attorney’s fees. We remand for further proceedings limited to Ms. Hudson’s petition for civil

contempt. The trial court’s judgment is otherwise affirmed. Ms. Hudson’s request for attorney’s

fees on appeal is denied. Costs of this appeal are taxed one-half to the Appellee, Vickie F. Lout

Hudson, and one-half to the Appellant, David P. Lout, and his surety, for which execution may issue

if necessary.

___________________________________ 

DAVID R. FARMER, JUDGE