OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

. STATE OF TEXAS JOHN CORNYN

April 23,2002

Mr. Robert J. Huston Chair, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission P. 0. Box 13087 Austin, Texas 7871 l-3087 Opinion No. JC-0493

Re: Applicability of new requirements for portable facilities and concrete crushers imposed by amendments to the Texas Clean Air Act (RQ-0460-JC)

Dear Mr. Huston:
On behalf of the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (the “Commission”), you request an opinion about requirements forportable facilities and concrete crushers added in200 1 to the Texas Clean Air Act, chapter 382 of the Health and Safety Code. These provisions, Health and Safety Code sections 382.056(r)( 1)and 382.065, were included in House Bill 2912 ofthe 77th Legislature, which provided for continuing the Commission after review under the Sunset Act, chapter 325 of the Government Code. See Act ofMay 27,2001,77th Leg., R.S., ch. 965, $9 2.02, 5.07,2001 Tex. Gen. Laws 1933, 1943,196l.
Section 382.056(r)(l) provides that section 382.056, which requires applicants for certain permits to publish notice ofintent to obtain apermit, does not apply to permit applications for “the relocation or change of location of a portable facility to a site where a facility permitted by the Commission is located ifno portable facility has been located atthe proposed site atany time during the previous two years.” TEX.HEALTH& SAFETY CODE ANN.8382.056(r)( 1)(Vernon Supp. 2002).’

You ask whether section 382.056(r)(l) may be interpreted to allow a portable facility to relocate to a site without notice if: “(a) the portable facility is moving to a site that contains a permitted facility, and (b) there has been aportable facility at that same site within the past two years.“2 Section 382.056(r)( 1)may not be interpreted to allow aportable facility torelocate to asite without notice if“(a) the portable facility is moving to a site that contains apermitted facility, and (b) there has been aportable facility at that same site within the past two years.”

‘Because your question relates only to section 382.056(r)(l), we will not consider section 382.056(r)(2), which exempts from the notice requirement “a facility located temporarily in the right-of-way, or contiguous to the right-ofway, of apublic works project.” TEX.HEALTH& SAFETYCODEANN. 4 382.056(r)(2) (Vernon Supp. 2002).

2Letter from Duncan C. Norton, General Counsel, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, to Honorable John Comyn, Texas Attorney General at 1(Nov. 2,200l) (on file with Opinion Committee) [hereinafter Request Letter].Mr. Robert J. Huston - Page 2 (JC-0493)

You also ask about section 382.065 of the Health and Safety Code, which requires the Commission to prohibit a concrete crushing facility from being located within 440 yards of a residence, school, or place of worship. See id. 5382.065. This requirement “does not apply to an existing concrete crushing facility.” Id. $382.065(b). You inquire about the meaning of “existing” facility in this provision. An “existing” concrete crushing facility is one that was physically present on the site as ofthe effective date ofthe provision, but this exemption does not apply to aconcrete crushing facility that was located or operating illegally atthe site on the effective date.
The purpose ofHealth and Safety Code chapter 382 is “to safeguard the state’s airresources from pollution by controlling or abating air pollution and emissions of air contaminants.” Id. 8382.002 (Vernon 2001). To carry out this purpose, the Act requires that any person intending to construct, modify, or operate afacility that may emit air contaminants first apply to the Commission for an air quality permit, which must be granted before that person may construct or operate the facility. See id. 45 382.05 1(a)(l), .051S(a) (Vernon Supp. 2002); see also id. 6382.055 (application forreview and renewal ofapreconstruction permit to determine whether authority to operate should be renewed). With certain exceptions, an applicant for apermit orpermit amendment under section 382.05 18or apermit renewal review under section 382.055 “shall publish notice ofintent to obtain the permit, permit amendment, or permit review not later than the 30th day after the date the commission determines the application to be administratively complete.” Id. 9382.056(a). There
areprocedures forpublic comment following the publication ofnotice. See id. 8382.056(g)-(o); see ~Z~~HOUSECOMM.ONENVIRONMENTALREGULATION,BILLANALYSIS,T~~.H.B. 801,76thLeg., R.S. (1999) (describing amendments to Health and Safety Code section 382.056 and to other statutes on environmental permit programs administered by Commission).
The Commission informs us that portable facilities include “concrete batch plants, trench burners and concrete and rock crushers.” See Request Letter, supra note 2, at 2. “Facility” for purposes ofchapter 382is“adiscrete oridentifiable structure, device, item, equipment, or enclosure that constitutes or contains a stationary source.” TEX.HEALTH& SAFETYCODE ANN.8 382.003(6) (Vernon 2001); see also id. tj382.003(12) (a “source” is “apoint of origin of air contaminants”). For a “facility” to be subject to the Texas Clean Air Act, emissions from it must be from a “stationary source.” See Request Letter, supra note 2, at2; TEX.HEALTH& SAFETY CODE ANN. § 382.003(6) (Vernon 2001). See also 42 U.S.C. 87602(z) (1994) (definition of“stationary source” in the Federal Clean Air Act). The emissions from portable facilities, while they are operating, are considered to be emissions from a stationary source. See Request Letter, supra note 2, at 2.
Well before section 382.056(r)(l) of the Health and Safety Code was adopted, the Commission had developed a procedure governing the relocation of portable facilities. The Commission issued “portable permits” to cover portable facilities, and these permits generally included “ ‘relocation conditions’ which typically contain[ed] control requirements and future site authorization instructions for seeking approval from the appropriate regional office.“3 Pursuant to

3See Memorandum from John Steib, Director, Air Permits Division, Office of Permitting, Registration & Remediation, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, to Portable Facility Potential & Existing Applicants (continued...)Mr. Robert J. Huston - Page 3 (JC-0493)

section 116.130(b), title 30 ofthe Texas Administrative Code, “[ulpon written request by the owner or operator of a facility” that had previously received a permit or special permit fi-om the Commission, the executive director or adesignated representative could exempt the relocation of the facility from the notice requirements of section 116.130(a), if there were no indication that operation ofthe facility atthe new location would significantly affect ambient air quality orwould
cause a condition of air pollution. 30 TEX.ADMIN. CODE 8 116.130 (2001); see also id. 8 116.111(b)(2)( similar exemption from public notice requirements of30 TEX. ADMIN. CODE ch. 39). Thus, under the Commission’s practice before section 382.056(r) was adopted, it was possible for
aportable facility tobe exempted from notice ofrelocation, depending upon the effect on air quality in the new location. Moreover, the request for change oflocation could be processed at one ofthe Commission’s regional offices instead of its headquarters in Austin. See Steib Memo, supra note 3. See also Act ofJuly 30,1991,72d Leg., 1stC.S., ch. 3,§ 1.097(d), 1991 Tex. Gen. Laws 4,44-45 (organization of regional offices). The adoption of section 382.056(r) required some significant changes in the Commission’s procedures for the relocation ofportable facilities.
Section 382.056(r) provides astatutory exemption from the public notice requirement for the relocation ofcertain portable facilities. The notice requirement does not apply topermit applications

(1) the relocation or change of location of aportable facility to a site where a facility permitted by the cornrnission is located zfno portable facility has been located at the proposed site at any time during the previous two years; or (2) a facility located temporarily in the right-of-way, or contiguous to the right-of-way, of apublic works project.

TEX. HEALTH & SAFETYCODE ANN. 8 382.056(r) (Vernon Supp. 2002) (emphasis added).
Thus, section 382.056(r)( 1)provides an exemption from the notice requirements of section 382.056 when aportable source of air contaminants is moved to the location of afacility that has a permit, “ifno portable facility has been located atthe proposed site at any time during the previous two years.” Id. 8 382.056(r)( 1). It requires forrnal notice that aportable facility will relocate to a site on which aportable facility has operated within the last two years, although its presence there during that time presumably gave residents ofthe area de facto notice that aportable source might operate there. On the other hand, formal notice isomitted ifno portable facility has been present at the site for over two years, even if no portable facility has ever been located there. Under these

‘(.

..continued) (Sep. 1, 2001), available at http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/pennitting/airpenn/nsrqermits/files/portmemoOl .pdf [hereinafter Steib Memo]. See also Brief from Thomas J. Bond, Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P, to Honorable John Comyn, Texas Attorney General at 2-3 (Dec. 12,200l) (on file with Opinion Committee) [hereinafter Bond Briefl.Mr. Robert J. Huston - Page 4 (JC-0493)

circumstances, residents would have little orno reason to expect that aportable source might begin to operate there. The exemption provision appears to be counter-intuitive.
Section 382.056(r)( 1)resulted from aseries ofamendments to House Bill 2912. See H.J. OF TEX., 77th Leg., R.S. 1237-38 (2001). A committee substitute to House Bill 2912 by the House Committee on Environmental Regulation would have completely exempted from the notice requirement “the relocation or change of location of a portable facility to a site where a facility permitted by the commission is located.” See Comm. Sub. Tex. H.B. 2912,77th Leg., R.S., 82.24 (2001) (provisions ofHealth and Safety Code section 382.056 redesignated asWater Code section 5.673); see

alsoHOUSE COMM.ONENVIRONMENTALREGULATION, BILLANALYSIS,COIIXII. Sub.Tex. H.B. 2912, 77th Leg., R.S. (Apr. 3, 2001). On second reading in the House, Representative Solomons proposed an amendment narrowing the comprehensive exemption from the notice requirement. See H.J. OF TEX.,77th Leg., R.S. 1237-38 (2001) (Amendment No. 23 by Representative Solomons). The amendment by Representative Solomons provided that the notice requirement would not apply to the relocation or change of location of aportable facility to a site where a facility permitted by the Commission is located “ifthe portable facilitv has been located at the current site for less than two years.” Id. (underlining in original). Representative Solomons explained that the amendment was intended to ensure that when portable facilities were moved between approved sites there would be some notice after aperiod oftime, at least every two years. Debate on Tex. H.B. 2912 Before the House Comm. on Environmental Regulation, 77th Leg., R.S. (Apr. 19, 2001) (audio tape available Tom House Video/Audio Services). Representative Bosse amended Representative Solomons’ amendment to clarify the location provision and itwas adopted
as rewritten. See H.J. OF TEX.,77th Leg., R.S. 1237-38 (2001) (Amendment No. 24 by Representative Bosse); Debate on Tex.H.B. 2912, supra. Unfortunately, the provision that resulted from the two amendments did not accurately express Representative Bosse’s and Representative Solomons’ intentions4
Under section 382.056(r)( 1)ofthe Health and Safety Code asenacted, the exemption applies if aportable facility had not been located at asite within atwo-year time period. This language is contrary to Representative Solomons’ statement that there would have to be some notice at least every two years when a portable facility was moved between sites. Representatives Bosse and Solomons have written tothe Commission stating that their intention underlying the amendment was to allow aportable facility to move from one permitted site to another permitted site within atwoyear period without having to give the notice otherwise required by section 382.056? Thus, the following revision of section 382.056(r)( 1)would reflect their intent:

(r) This section [requiring notice] does not apply to:

4See Letter from Honorable Fred M. Bosse (Sept. 7, 2001) and Letter from Honorable Burt Solomons (Sept. 10,200 1)to Jeff Saitas, Executive Director, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, attached toBrief from Aileen M. Hooks, Baker Botts, to Honorable John Comyn, Texas Attorney General (Dec. 12,200l) (on file with Opinion Committee) [hereinafter Baker Botts BriefJ.

‘ See id.Mr. Robert J. Huston - Page 5 (JC-0493)

the relocation or change of location of a portable facility to a site where a facility permitted by the commission is located if no [a] portable facility has been located at the proposed site at any time during the previous two years.
In effect, you ask whether section 382.056(r) may be construed as ifits language conformed to the above revision.

It is “a cardinal rule of statutory construction” that the courts are to give effect to the intent ofthe legislature. SeeFleming Foods ofTex.,Inc. v.Rylander, 6S.W.3d 278,284 (Tex. 1999). The process of statutory construction seeks to effectuate the “collective” intent or purpose of the legislators who enacted the legislation, found inthe language ofthe statute. See Boykin v.State, 818 S.W.2d 782, 785 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991) (en bane). Thus, a court construes a statute, first by looking atthe plain and common meaning ofthe statute’s words. See Fitzgerald v.Advanced Spine Fixation Sys., Inc., 996 S.W.2d 864, 865 (Tex. 1999); see also Fleming Foods, 6 S.W.3d at 284. When the meaning of statutory language is unambiguous, the courts will adopt, “with few exceptions, the interpretation supported by the plain meaning ofthe provision’s words and terms.” Fitzgerald, 996 S.W.2d at 865. The intent of an individual legislator, even a statute’s principal author, is not legislative history controlling the construction to be given a statute, but is at most persuasive authority similar to the comments ofany scholar. See Gen. Chem. Corp. v.De La Lastra, 852 S.W.2d 916,923 (Tex. 1993), cert. denied, 510U.S. 985 (1993) (law review article about statute written by author of legislation). Exceptions from the plain meaning rule are made when there is an obvious error such as a typographical error or the application of the literal language of a statute would produce an absurd result. SeeFlemingFoods, 6S.W.3d at284; see also Bridgestone/Firestone,lnc. v. Glyn-Jones, 878 S.W.2d 132 (Tex. 1994). We have received briefs arguing that applying the literal language of section 382.056(r)(l) of the Health and Safety Code produces an absurd result and that we should instead construe it to apply as the legislators who provided its language intended it to apply. See Baker Botts Brief, supra note 4; Bond Brief, supra note 3. Although the result of section 382.056(r)( 1)isunexpected, and it does not reflect the intent ofthe two legislators who prepared it, we cannot say that itis absurd. The legislators who voted in favor of this provision may have believed that the language of the provision was tailored to the existing problems inthis area ofregulation. The Texas Supreme Court stated inFleming Foods that
acitizen should be able to determine the law from the language ofthe Revised Statutes and should not have to examine the session laws as well. Fleming Foods, 6. S.W. 3d at 285. Nor should they have to look for an Attorney General Opinion that contradicts the literal language of a statute.
A law review article on the “absurd-results” principle in Texas found numerous cases that cited this principle but relatively few of them relied upon it to depart from the plain meaning of a statute. See J.Woodfin Jones, lie Absurd-Results Principle ofStatutory Construction in Texas, I5 REV.LITIG.

81, 88, 96, 102, 107 (1996). “[I]n the 144 years since the Texas Supreme Court recognized the absurd-results principle asanexception tothe plain-meaning rule, only 28cases haveMr. Robert J. Huston - Page 6 (JC-0493)

so used it.” Id. at I 16;see id. at 139 (Appendix C; list ofthe 28 cases). The largest number ofthese
cases involve procedural matters. Id. at 117. None ofthem appear to depart from the plain meaning rule on account of an error in the expression of alegislator’s intent. But see Bd. ofIns. Comm ‘rsof Tex. v. Guardian Lljk Ins. Co. ofTex., 180 S.W.2d 906, 908 (Tex. 1944) (stating in dicta that the word “and” is sometimes construed to mean “or” ifnot doing so would result in an absurdity orbe tantamount to arefusal to correct amistake).
The Commission has been able to apply this statute as written6 although the permitting requirement has caused delays for persons applying for permits7 This is not a case where, for example, construing adeadline literally will undermine an entire legislative program. See Barshop
v. Medina Underground Water Conservation Dist., 925 S.W.2d 618, 629-30 (Tex. 1996) (court interpreted statutory deadline ofMarch 1,1994, for filing declarations ofhistorical water use under Edwards Aquifer Act as“sixmonths after the Authority becomes effective” because legal challenges delayed implementation of Authority well beyond March 1, 1994 deadline).

In answer to your first question, we conclude that section 382.056(r)(l) may not be interpreted to allow aportable facility to move to asite without notice if“(a) the portable facility is moving to a site that contains apermitted facility, and (b) there has been aportable facility atthat
same site within the past two years.” See Request Letter, supra note 2, at 1. The remedy to any problems raised by this provision is to seek legislation.

You also askwhether the statute applies topending applications, oronly to those applications filed on or after the effective date of the statute. See id. House Bill 2912 was effective September 1,2001, with exceptions not relevant to section 382.056(r)( 1)of the Health and Safety Code. See Act ofMay 27,2001,77th Leg., R.S., ch. 965, $8 18.01, 18.15,2001 Tex. Gen. Laws 1933, 1985, 1989. There was no provision expressly deferring the operation of section 382.056(r)(l). In contrast, changes made by House Bill 2912 with respect to the Commission’s consideration of compliance history in permit decisions “apply only to an application for the issuance, amendment, modification, or renewal of a permit submitted to the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission on or after September 1,2002.” Id. 5 18.05(f), 2001 Tex. Gen. Laws at 1986-87.
A statute isoperative as soon asitbecomes alaw. See Popham v.Patterson, 51S.W.2d 680, 682 (Tex. 1932). The legislature may make changes inprocedural statutes applicable to future steps in pending cases because litigants do not have vested rights in aprocedural remedy. See Merchs. Fast Motor Lines v.R.R. Comm ‘n,573 S.W.2d 502,504-05 (Tex. 1978). The same rule has been held to govern changes in administrative rules that areprocedural innature. See Tex.Dep ‘tofHealth
v.Long, 659 S.W.2d 158, 160 (Tex. App.-Austin 1983, no writ). Accordingly, we conclude that section 382.056(r)( 1) applies to pending applications for permits.

6See Steib Memo, supra note 3.

‘See Brief from Thomas L. Johnson, Executive Vice President, Associated General Contractors of Texas, to Honorable John Comyn, Texas Attorney General (Nov. 14,200l) (on file with Opinion Committee).Mr. Robert J. Huston - Page 7 (JC-0493)

You ask whether afacility permitted by the Commission in section 382.056(r)( 1)refers only to “facilities permitted under the Texas Clean Air Act or [does] it also include facilities permitted under other authority ofthe Commission,” such asthe Texas Solid Waste Disposal Act, chapter 36 1 ofthe Health and Safety Code. See Request Letter, supra note 2, at 1. Section 382.056(r)( 1)must be read in its context in the Texas Clean Air Act, chapter 382 ofthe Health and Safety Code. See TEX.GOV’T CODE ANN. 5 311.Oll(a) (Vernon 1998) (words and phrases shall be read in context). Moreover, its terms must be construed in accordance with their statutory definitions. See Tramp. IEY. CO., V.Faircloth, 898 S.W.2d 269, 274 (Tex. 1995); TEX.GOV’T CODE ANN. 8 311.011(b) (Vernon 1998).
Section 382.003 ofthe Health and Safety Code provides that, “[i]n this chapter[,]

... [flacility [is] adiscrete or identifiable structure, device, item, equipment, or enclosure that constitutes or contains a stationary source,” and a “[slource [is] a point of origin of air contaminants.” TEX. HEALTH & SAFETYCODE ANN. 6382.003(6), (12) (Vemon 200 1). The Commission issues permits to regulate facilities that may emit air contaminants. See id. 55 382.051(a)( 1)(Vernon Supp. 2002) (Commission may issue apermit to construct anew facility ormodify an existing facility that may emit air contaminants); .05 1S(a) (permit must be obtained before work isbegun on construction of
new facility or modification of existing facility that may emit air contaminants). A “permitted facility” is, accordingly, limited to a source of air contaminants that is subject to aper-r-nitissued under the Texas Clean Air Act.

You also inquire about the interpretation of section 382.065 ofthe Health and Safety Code, which provides as follows:

(a) The commission by rule shall prohibit the location ofor operation of aconcrete crushing facility within 440 yards ofabuilding used as a single or multifamily residence, school, orplace ofworship. (b) This section does not apply to an existing concrete crushing facility.
Id. 8382.065 (Vernon Supp. 2002) (added by Act ofMay 27,2001,77th Leg., R.S., ch. 965,§ 5.07, 2001 Tex. Gen. Laws 1933,1961-62).

You inquire about the meaning of “existing” facility, asking specifically whether a facility is “existing” under the following circumstances:

(a) The concrete crushing facility was authorized as of September 1, 2001 [the effective date of Health and Safety Code 5 382.065][,] and it is actually located or operating at the site as of September 1,200l;Mr. Robert J. Huston - Page 8 (JC-0493)

(b) The concrete crushing facility was authorized as of September 1,2001[,] but itisnot located or operating atthe site asof September 1,200l; or (c) The concrete crushing facility was not authorized as of September 1,2001[,] but itis located or operating illegally atthe site
as of September 1,200l. Request Letter, supra note 2, at 2.
The Code Construction Act, chapter 311of the Government Code, provides that “[wlords and phrases shall be read in context and construed according to the rules of grammar and common usage,” and “[wlords and phrases that have acquired atechnical orparticular meaning, whether by legislative definition or otherwise, shall be construed accordingly.” TEX.GOV’T CODE ANN. 0311.O11 (Vernon 1998). Chapter 382 does not define “existing,” but we may look at adictionary definition to determine the plain meaning of aword. “Existing” is defined as “[tlhat exists or has existence; that exists at any implied or specified time,” while “exist” means “[t]o have place in the domain ofreality, have objective being.” V OXFORD ENGLISHDICTIONARY542,543 (2d ed. 1989). Thus, an “existing” facility is a facility actually located at a site on September 1, 2001, and not merely a proposed facility that has not become a tangible entity. The dictionary definition of “existing” isconsistent with the use of“existing? elsewhere inchapter 382ofthe Government Code. For example, the Commission may issue apermit “to construct anew facility ormodify an existing facility.” TEX.HEALTH&SAFETYCODEANN. 5382.051(a)(l)(V emon Supp. 2002). The distinction between construction of a “new facility” and modification of an “existing facility” shows that an “existing facility” is to be contrasted with one that has not yet been built. See also id. $5 382.05 18 (Vernon Supp. 2002) (preconstruction permit for construction of new facility or modification of existing facility); -057 (Vernon 2001) (Commission may not exempt any major modification of existing facility from securing preconstruction permit). Accordingly, an “existing facility” includes
a concrete crushing facility that was authorized as of September 1, 2001, and actually located or operating atthe site asofthat date, but it does not include aconcrete crushing facility authorized as of September I, 2001, but not located or operating atthe site as ofthat date.

Aconcrete crushing facility that was not authorized asofSeptember 1,200 1,but was located
or operating illegally atthe site as ofthat date is an “existing” facility in the ordinary sense ofthat word. It was actually located and operating at the site. However, the operators have no right to continue operating this facility illegally and they are subject to various penalty and remedy provisions, including a suit for injunctive relief. See id. 5 382.085 (Vernon 2001). See also TEX. WATER CODE ANN. 85 5.013(a)( 11) (Vernon Supp. 2002) (noting Commission’s responsibilities under Health & Safety Code, chapter 382); 7.002 (Vernon 2000) (Commission may initiate an action under Water Code, chapter 7, to enforce provisions ofWater Code and those provisions of Health and Safety Code under itsjurisdiction); 7.032 (enforcement ofCommission rule by injunction). The Texas courts have held that zoning provisions which allow nonconforming uses to continue do not apply to uses ofproperty that were illegal when the zoning provision was adopted. See City ofPhaw
v. Pena, 853 S.W.2d 56, 63 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 1993, writ denied); City ofDallas v.Mr. Robert J. Huston - Page 9 (JC-0493)

Meserole, 155 S.W.2d 1019, 1023 (Tex. Civ. App.-Dallas 1941, writ refd w.o.m.); Scott v. Champion Bldg. Co., 28 S.W.2d 178, 184 (Tex. Civ. App.-Dallas 1930, no writ). In our opinion, this rule of construction should also apply to section 382.065(b) of the Health and Safety Code. Accordingly, the exemption from the location requirement of section 382.065 does not apply to a concrete crushing facility that was located or operating illegally at the site when section 382.065 became effective.Mr. Robert J. Huston - Page 10 (JC-0493)

SUMMARY
Section 382.056(r)( 1)ofthe Health and Safety Code provides
an exemption from giving notice ofintent to apply for certain permits under the Texas Clean Air Act when a portable source of air contaminants is moved to the location of a facility permitted by the Commission, “ifno portable facility has been located atthe proposed site at any time during the previous twoyears.” TEX.HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. 8 382.056(r)(l) (Vernon Supp. 2002). This provision may not be construed to allow the exemption where a portable facility has been located at the proposed site during the previous two years. Section 382.056(r)( 1) applies to pending applications for permits. A “permitted” facility inthis provision is a source of aircontaminants that is subject to apermit issued under the Texas Clean Air Act.
Section 382.065 of the Health and Safety Act exempts “an existing concrete crushing facility” from aprohibition on locating or operating aconcrete crushing facility within 440 yards ofaresidence, school, or place of worship. Id. 5 382.065. An “existing” concrete crushing facility is one that was physically present on the site as of the effective date ofthe provision, but the exemption does not apply to aconcrete crushing facility that was located or operating illegally at the site on the effective date.

Attorney General of Texas

HOWARD G. BALDWIN, JR. First Assistant Attorney General
NANCY FULLER Deputy Attorney General -General Counsel
SUSAN DENMON GUSKY Chair, Opinion Committee
Susan L. Garrison Assistant Attorney General, Opinion Committee