UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

CHRISTOPHER L. WRIGHT,

Pro se Plaintiff,

v. 

WILBUR L. ROSS, JR., Secretary, U.S. 

Department of Commerce,

Defendant. 

Case No. 20-cv-306 (CRC)

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Christopher Wright is a veteran employee of the Office of Sustainable Fisheries within 

the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”). In 2018 and 2019, he filed 

three separate administrative complaints with the agency’s Office of Civil Rights alleging 

various instances of discrimination and retaliation based on his sex, age, and disability during the 

course of his employment. The agency issued final decisions finding no discrimination or 

retaliation with respect to the first two complaints and has not yet issued an investigative report 

or final decision on Wright’s third complaint. Wright sued the agency in this Court under Title 

VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (“Title VII”), the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 

1964 (“ADEA”), and the Rehabilitation Act, based on the discrimination and retaliation claims 

raised in all three administrative complaints. The Government has filed a partial motion to 

dismiss Wright’s claims relating to his first and third administrative complaints based on the 

statute of limitations and lack of exhaustion, respectively. Because both parties rely on materials 

outside the pleadings, the Court will convert the Government’s motion into one for summary 

judgment. Agreeing that the claims raised in Wright’s first and third administrative complaints 

are barred, the Court will grant summary judgment to the Government on those claims.
2

I. Background

A. Statutory Background

Generally, a federal employee who believes that his employer discriminated against him 

must seek administrative adjudication of his claim before filing suit in federal district court. 

“The procedural requirements governing a plaintiff’s right to bring a [discrimination] claim in 

court are not mere technicalities.” Hines v. Bair, 594 F. Supp. 2d 17, 23 (D.D.C. 2009). Rather, 

they are “part and parcel of the Congressional design to vest in the federal agencies and officials 

engaged in hiring and promoting personnel ‘primary responsibility’ for maintaining

nondiscrimination in employment.” Patterson v. Johnson, 391 F. Supp. 2d 140, 145 (D.D.C.

2005) (quoting Kizas v. Webster, 707 F.2d 524, 544 (D.C. Cir. 1983)).

All three of the statutes under which Wright brings his claims—Title VII, the ADEA, and 

the Rehabilitation Act—are governed by the same set of exhaustion requirements.1

 See 42 

U.S.C. § 2000e-16 (setting forth Title VII exhaustion requirements); 29 U.S.C. § 633a(b) 

(incorporating Title VII procedures into the ADEA);

2 id. § 794a(a)(1) (requiring claims brought 

 

1 Wright’s complaint also invokes the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), the

Family and Medical Leave Act, the Equal Pay Act, and the Fair Labor Standards Act. Compl. 

¶ III.A. The ADA does not apply to the federal government. See 42 U.S.C. § 12111(5)(B)(i) 

(“The term ‘employer’ does not include the United States[.]”). As to the remaining three 

statutes, the mere invocation of their names is insufficient to establish Wright’s entitlement to 

relief under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a). See, e.g., Fernanders v. Mich. Dep’t of 

Military & Veterans Affairs, No. 12-11752, 2012 WL 3262861, at *3 (E.D. Mich. Aug. 9, 2012) 

(“Conclusorily stating, as Plaintiff does in the Complaint, that Defendants violated his rights 

under a laundry list of federal statutes is insufficient to establish a claim for relief under the 

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.”). Wright has alleged no facts that would plausibly support a 

violation of any of these statutes. Nor is there any indication that Wright raised claims 

implicating these statutes before the agency. The Court will thus dismiss all four claims.

2 The ADEA also contains a provision permitting plaintiffs to bypass exhaustion under 

certain circumstances. 29 U.S.C. § 633a(d). As the Court will explain, that provision is not at 

issue here.
3

against federal agencies under the Rehabilitation Act to comply with Title VII procedures).

3

 The 

necessary procedure begins with mandatory Equal Employment Opportunity (“EEO”)

counseling within 45 days of the alleged discriminatory acts. 29 C.F.R. § 1614.105(a)(1). 

Should counseling not resolve the employee’s claims, he must then file an administrative 

complaint with his agency. Id. § 1614.106. The agency must subsequently conduct an

investigation and issue a report within 180 days of receiving a complete complaint. Id.

§§ 1614.106(e)(2), 1614.108(e). After receiving the agency’s investigative report, the employee 

has 30 days to request a hearing and decision before an EEO administrative judge. Id.

§§ 1614.108(f) & 1614.109. Should the employee elect an EEO hearing and decision, the 

agency must issue a final order on the complaint within 40 days of receiving the hearing file and 

the administrative judge’s decision. Id. § 1614.110(a). Otherwise, the agency must issue a final 

decision within 60 days of receiving an employee’s affirmative request for one or the end of the 

30-day waiting period following the employee’s non-response. Id. § 1614.110(b). The final 

 

3 In Congress v. District of Columbia, 277 F. Supp. 3d 82 (D.D.C. 2017) (Cooper, J.), this 

Court interpreted the Rehabilitation Act to not require exhaustion of administrative remedies. Id.

at 87. The Rehabilitation Act provision at issue there, however, dealt with claims against 

recipients of federal funds or federal providers. See 29 U.S.C. § 794a(a)(2) (making available 

“[t]he remedies, procedures, and rights set forth in title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964” and in 

one subsection of Title VII “to any person aggrieved by any act or failure to act by any recipient 

of Federal assistance or Federal provider of such assistance under section 794 of this title”

(emphasis added)); Congress, 277 F. Supp. 3d at 87 (noting that Title VI does not require 

administrative exhaustion). By contrast, Wright’s claim, which is against a federal agency,

implicates a different Rehabilitation Act provision that expressly incorporates Title VII’s 

procedures. 29 U.S.C. § 794a(a)(1) (making available “[t]he remedies, procedures, and rights set 

forth in section 717 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16)”—i.e., Title VII—

“with respect to any complaint under section 791 of this title, to any employee or applicant for 

employment aggrieved by the final disposition of such complaint, or by the failure to take final 

action on such complaint”); see Spinelli v. Goss, 446 F.3d 159, 162 (D.C. Cir. 2006) (holding 

that Title VII’s exhaustion requirements apply to claims against federal agencies under the 

Rehabilitation Act); Judd v. Billington, 863 F.2d 103, 105 (D.C. Cir. 1988) (same).
4

agency decision must notify the employee of his right to appeal the decision to the Equal 

Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) or to file a civil action in federal district court. 

Id. The employee must then bring a federal suit within 90 days of receiving the final agency 

decision or within 30 days of receiving a right to file notice from the EEOC. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e16(c); 29 C.F.R. § 1614.407(a).

B. Factual and Procedural Background

Wright has worked in the Office of Sustainable Fisheries since at least 2006. Compl. 

¶ 17. Since 2012, he has allegedly experienced “harassment and retaliation” and “unfair bias” in 

the office that “has been passed on from one supervisor to the next.” Id. On Christmas Day

2017, Wright contacted the agency’s Office of Civil Rights to request EEO counseling 

concerning allegations of age, sex, and disability discrimination and retaliation. Compl., Exh. 2, 

ECF No. 1-1 at 80–81.

4

EEO counseling proving unfruitful, Wright filed his first administrative complaint with 

the agency’s Office of Civil Rights on March 16, 2018. Declaration of Paul Redpath (“Redpath 

Decl.”) ¶ 2; 1st Admin. Compl., Gov. Mot. to Dismiss, Exh. 1. The complaint alleged, among 

other things, that discrimination infected his negative performance reviews and rating, caused 

him to be passed over for a branch chief position in 2012, and was the reason that he was 

excluded from opportunities to gain exposure with senior leadership. Compl. ¶¶ 17, 19–21; 1st 

Admin. Compl. 1–4. After receiving the agency’s investigative report, Wright lodged a request

for a hearing before the EEOC, which he subsequently withdrew on July 29, 2019. Gov. Mot. to 

 

4 Wright attached several exhibits to his complaint as a single document. See ECF No. 1-

1. The Court references the ECF-generated page number rather than the page number at the 

bottom of some pages of the document.
5

Dismiss, Exh. 3 at 1–2. On September 11, 2019, the Office of Civil Rights issued a final agency 

decision, which concluded that Wright’s first administrative complaint failed to establish

discrimination or retaliation. Redpath Decl. ¶ 3; Gov. Mot. to Dismiss, Exh. 4 at 45. The 

decision informed Wright of his right to appeal the decision to the EEOC within 30 days or to 

bring suit in federal district court within 90 days. Id. at 46–47.

Undeterred, Wright filed a second administrative complaint with the agency’s Office of 

Civil Rights on March 14, 2019. Redpath Decl. ¶ 4; 2d Admin. Compl., Gov. Mot. to Dismiss, 

Exh. 5. Wright again complained about various instances of alleged discrimination against him, 

including his negative Fiscal Year 2018 performance rating and reviews, his exclusion from 

higher leadership meetings, and the agency’s delay in reimbursing him for work-related travel 

expenses. Compl. ¶¶ 25–28; 2d Admin Compl. 1–4. The agency sent Wright an investigative 

report, to which Wright did not respond. Redpath Decl. ¶ 5. On November 9, 2019, the agency 

issued a final agency decision finding no discrimination based on the facts alleged in the second 

administrative complaint. Id.; Compl., Exh. 1.

Finally, Wright filed a third administrative complaint with the agency’s Office of Civil 

Rights on August 8, 2019. Redpath Decl. ¶ 6; 3d Admin. Compl. 1–9, Gov. Mot. to Dismiss, 

Exh. 7. Wright subsequently made four requests between August and December 2019 to amend 

his complaint, each of which the agency granted. Redpath Decl. ¶¶ 6–7; 3d Admin. Compl. 56–

67. In sum, the third administrative complaint includes allegations that the agency had 

improperly denied him an interview for a supervisory position and that discrimination colored 

his Fiscal Year 2019 performance rating and reviews. Redpath Decl. ¶ 7; 3d Admin. Compl. 1–
6

9. The agency has not yet issued an investigative report or final agency decision on Wright’s 

third complaint. Redpath Decl. ¶¶ 9, 11.5

On February 5, 2020, Wright filed suit in this Court against the Secretary of the 

Department of Commerce. The action encompasses all the claims of discrimination and 

retaliation that Wright raised in his three administrative complaints with the agency’s Office of 

Civil Rights. Wright seeks an order compelling the agency to reinvestigate his complaints, a 

transfer or reassignment at his current grade and salary, promotion, modification of his 

performance rating, and compensatory damages. Compl. ¶¶ 82–95. The Government filed a 

motion to dismiss the claims that were raised in Wright’s first administrative complaint as 

brought outside the statute of limitations and the claims that were raised in Wright’s third 

administrative complaint as not administratively exhausted. The Court will convert the 

Government’s motion into a motion for summary judgment and grant it.

II. Legal Standards

Generally, “[a] motion to dismiss for a plaintiff’s failure to exhaust administrative 

remedies is ‘properly addressed as [a] motion[ ] to dismiss for failure to state a claim’” under

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). Congress v. District of Columbia, 277 F. Supp. 3d 82, 

86–87 (D.D.C. 2017) (Cooper, J.) (quoting Scott v. Dist. Hosp. Partners, 60 F. Supp. 3d 156, 161 

 

5 Agencies generally must complete their investigation of a formal complaint of 

discrimination within 180 days of receiving the complaint. 29 C.F.R. § 1614.108(e). Where an 

employee requests to amend the complaint, however, the timeframe for the agency’s filing of an

investigative report is extended to the earlier of 180 days after the last amendment or 360 days 

after the filing of the original complaint. 29 C.F.R. § 1614.108(f); Redpath Decl. ¶ 8; EEO 

Mgmt. Directive 110 § 5-32 (Aug. 5, 2015). Wright made his last amendment request on 

December 11, 2019, which extended the deadline for the agency’s investigative report to June 8, 

2020. Redpath Decl. ¶ 9. The agency informed Wright of this revised deadline on December 12, 

2019 in the Third Amended Notice of Partial Acceptance. Id.; Gov. Mot. to Dismiss, Exh. 8.
7

(D.D.C. 2014)). However, when “matters outside the pleadings are presented to and not 

excluded by the court, the motion must be treated as one for summary judgment under Rule 56.” 

Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(d). Here, both parties attach and refer to documents outside of the complaint

that the Court relies upon in resolving the Government’s 12(b)(6) motion. See Kim v. United 

States, 632 F.3d 713, 719 (D.C. Cir. 2011) (requiring district courts to convert a motion to 

dismiss for failure to exhaust administrative remedies into a motion for summary judgment 

where the plaintiff’s “alleged failure to exhaust d[oes] not appear on the face of the complaint” 

and the court must “refer to materials outside the pleadings in resolving [the] 12(b)(6) motion”). 

And, as required under Rule 12(d), both parties have had “a reasonable opportunity to present all 

the material that is pertinent to the motion.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(d).6

 The Court will therefore

convert the Government’s motion to dismiss into one for summary judgment. See Rosier v. 

Holder, 833 F. Supp. 2d 1, 5 (D.D.C. 2011) (doing the same). The inquiry on summary 

judgment is whether any genuine issues of material fact exist. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56. In making that 

determination, the Court must draw all justifiable inferences from the evidence in favor of the 

non-moving party. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 255 (1986).

“A plaintiff’s untimely exhaustion of administrative remedies is . . . an affirmative 

defense, and the defendant first bears the burden of proving the inadequacy of the plaintiff’s 

actions.” Byrd v. District of Columbia, 807 F. Supp. 2d 37, 58 (D.D.C. 2011) (citing Bowden v. 

United States, 106 F.3d 433, 437 (D.C. Cir. 1997)). If the defendant succeeds, the burden then 

shifts to the plaintiff to “plead[] and prov[e] facts supporting any reason for an equitable 

 

6 On April 10, 2020, the Court issued an order advising Wright that it might be necessary

to convert the Government’s motion to dismiss into a motion for summary judgment and the 

consequences were the Court to do so. Order 2–3 (Apr. 10, 2020). And, Wright has filed not 

only an opposition to the Government’s motion to dismiss but also a sur-reply.
8

extension of administrative time limits.” Id. (citing Hines, 594 F. Supp. 2d at 23). The Supreme 

Court has explained that “a litigant is entitled to equitable tolling of a statute of limitations only 

if the litigant establishes two elements: ‘(1) that he has been pursuing his rights diligently, and 

(2) that some extraordinary circumstance stood in his way and prevented timely filing.’” 

Menominee Indian Tribe v. United States, 136 S. Ct. 750, 755 (2016) (quoting Holland v. 

Florida, 560 U.S. 631, 649 (2010)). The “extraordinary-circumstances prong” encompasses only 

“matters outside [the litigant’s] control,” id. at 756—not circumstances that are “a product of that 

litigant’s own misunderstanding of the law or tactical mistakes in litigation,” Head v. Wilson, 

792 F.3d 102, 107 (D.C. Cir. 2015) (internal quotations omitted).

III. Analysis

The Government seeks dismissal of the claims raised in Wright’s first and third 

administrative complaints based on procedural default. It argues: (1) that the claims related to 

Wright’s first administrative complaint should be dismissed because they were brought outside 

the applicable statute of limitations and (2) that the claims related to his third administrative 

complaint should be dismissed because Wright failed to exhaust his administrative remedies. 

The Government concedes that Wright complied with the applicable exhaustion requirements 

and statute of limitations with respect to the claims raised in his second administrative complaint.

A. Claims Raised in Wright’s First Administrative Complaint

The agency issued its final agency decision on Wright’s first administrative complaint on 

September 11, 2019. Gov. Mot. to Dismiss, Exh. 4. Applying the more generous presumption 

that Wright received notice of the decision five days later, on September 16, 2019, see McGary 

v. McHugh, 49 F. Supp. 3d 83, 87 (D.D.C. 2014), the statutory deadline for him to file suit in 

federal district court was December 16, 2019, see 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(c); 29 C.F.R. 
9

§ 1614.407(a). “In general, ‘[c]ourts apply this limit strictly and will dismiss a suit for missing 

the deadline by even one day.’” Galloway v. Watt, 185 F. Supp. 3d 130, 133 (D.D.C. 2016) 

(Cooper, J.) (quoting Woodruff v. Peters, 482 F.3d 521, 525 (D.C. Cir. 2007)). Here, Wright 

filed suit on February 5, 2020, which was almost two months outside the limitations period.

The burden thus shifts to Wright to “plead[] and prov[e] facts supporting any reason for 

an equitable extension of administrative time limits.” Byrd, 807 F. Supp. 2d at 58 (citing Hines, 

594 F. Supp. 2d at 23). “As an initial matter, [Wright] clearly has not met his burden of proving 

any equitable reasons for his late filing,” as “he fails to attach to his opposition any 

documentation or sworn affidavit relevant to the issue of equitable tolling.” Galloway, 185 F. 

Supp. 3d at 133. At this stage, then, the Court has nothing more to go on than the bare 

allegations that Wright makes in response to the Government’s motion to dismiss. Even 

construing those allegations generously, see Johnson v. Gibson, 14 F.3d 61, 64 (D.C. Cir. 1994)

(counseling courts to construe pro se complaints liberally), equitable tolling is unwarranted.

Wright’s only response is that the agency’s September 11, 2019 decision did not 

constitute its final decision on his first administrative complaint. That is so, he contends, 

because the agency agreed to consolidate the claims from his first and second administrative

complaints “during [EEOC] deliberations on May 9, 2019.” Pl. Opp. 1. The agency did not 

issue its final decision on Wright’s second administrative complaint until November 9, 2019. 

Wright therefore argues that this date should also serve as the date of the agency’s final agency 

decision on his first administrative complaint for purposes of the statute of limitations.

It is not clear from the record what agreement the parties may have made to consolidate 

claims from Wright’s first and second administrative complaints during EEOC deliberations on 

May 9, 2019. Pl. Opp. 1. Even taking as true Wright’s allegation that such an agreement was 
10

reached, however, that agreement would only have applied to the EEOC hearing process, which, 

as the Government points out, is separate from an agency’s processing of administrative 

complaints. 29 C.F.R. §§ 1614.108(f) & 1614.109. Cf. Romero-Ostolaza v. Ridge, 370 F. Supp. 

2d 139, 150 (D.D.C. 2005) (rejecting plaintiff’s argument that his requests for consolidation of 

his termination complaint (filed under the statutory process) with his earlier complaints (filed 

under his union’s bargaining process) gave the court authority to consider his unexhausted

termination complaint). And here, the undisputed record shows that although Wright initially 

requested a hearing before an EEOC administrative judge after receiving the agency’s 

investigative report on his first administrative complaint, he later withdrew that request on July 

29, 2019, and the EEOC dismissed his case two days later. Gov. Mot. to Dismiss, Exh. 3 at 1–2. 

Whatever consolidation of Wright’s claims that may have been agreed to for the purposes of the 

EEOC proceedings therefore ended on July 31, 2019. That conclusion is reflected in the 

EEOC’s dismissal order, which remanded the matter to the agency “for the issuance of a decision 

on the merits of the complaint in accordance with 29 C.F.R. Section 1614.110(b).” Id. at 1 

(emphasis added). Notably, the agency used the singular “complaint” and not “complaints.” Id. 

Moreover, the only agency case number in the caption of the EEOC’s dismissal order matched

that of Wright’s first administrative complaint. Id. Therefore, the only “complaint” that the 

EEOC’s dismissal order could be read to be referring to is the first administrative complaint.

Nor is there any language in the agency’s final decisions on Wright’s first or second 

administrative complaints that would indicate that the claims from the two cases had somehow 

been consolidated before the agency. To the contrary, the September 11, 2019 final agency 

decision on Wright’s first administrative complaint unambiguously stated that “[t]his is the 

Department’s final action on this matter,” and advised Wright that he had either 30 days to 
11

appeal the final decision to the EEOC or 90 days to file a civil action in federal district court. 

Gov. Mot. to Dismiss, Exh. 4 at 46–47. There is thus no factual basis for Wright’s contention 

that his first and second administrative complaints had been consolidated such that the agency’s 

November 9, 2019 decision on his second administrative complaint could be read to encompass 

the claims in both complaints. In any case, mere confusion about which administrative 

complaint was governed by which agency decision amounts “at best” to the type of “garden 

variety claim of excusable neglect” that does not warrant equitable tolling. Oviedo v. Wash.

Metro. Area Transit Auth., 948 F.3d 386, 394 (D.C. Cir. 2020) (internal quotation marks 

omitted). The Court will therefore grant summary judgment to the agency on the claims that 

were raised in Wright’s first administrative complaint.

B. Claims Raised in Wright’s Third Administrative Complaint

Next, the Government argues that Wright’s claims raised in his third administrative 

complaint, which currently remain pending before the agency, should be dismissed for lack of 

exhaustion. As explained, federal employees must exhaust their administrative remedies before 

filing suit in federal district court. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(c) (Title VII); 29 U.S.C. 

§ 633a(b)–(d) (ADEA); id. § 794a(a)(1) (Rehabilitation Act). “Exhaustion is required in order to 

give federal agencies an opportunity to handle matters internally whenever possible and to 

ensure that the federal courts are burdened only when reasonably necessary.” Brown v. Marsh, 

777 F.2d 8, 14 (D.C. Cir. 1985).

At the time Wright filed the instant action, the agency had not yet issued an investigative 

report on his third administrative complaint, let alone a final agency decision. His claims 

relating to his third administrative complaint are therefore unripe for resolution at this time, as 
12

Title VII requires employees to wait until after the agency has issued a final agency decision to 

bring suit in federal district court. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(c); 29 C.F.R. § 1614.407(a).

7

With respect to his ADEA claim, Wright appears to invoke the statute’s so-called “bypass 

provision.” 29 U.S.C. § 633a(d). The ADEA provides two avenues for a civil action in federal 

district court: (1) an employee may pursue an administrative complaint using the Title VII 

processes (namely, by filing a complaint with the employing agency), id. § 633a(b); or (2) an 

employee may bypass the administrative complaint process and file a civil action within 180 

days of the allegedly discriminatory event so long as the employee files notice with the EEOC 

not less than 30 days before filing the civil action of its intent to file such an action, id.

§ 633a(d); 29 C.F.R. § 1614.201(a). Wright does not allege—nor is there anything in the record 

to establish—that he filed an intent-to-sue notice with the EEOC prior to commencing this civil 

action. Rather, he merely asserts that he was not required to receive a Notice of Right to Sue 

letter from the EEOC prior to filing his ADEA claim. Pl. Opp. 4. That allegation is insufficient 

to establish that Wright complied with the ADEA’s bypass provision. See Rann v. Chao, 346 

 

7 Title VII separately provides that an employee may file a civil action after more than 

180 days have passed since the employee’s filing of an administrative complaint with the agency 

and no final action has been taken. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(c); 29 C.F.R. § 1614.407(b). 

Although Wright filed this civil action 183 days after he initially filed his third administrative 

complaint, he amended that complaint several times in the interim. As explained, under the Title 

VII regulations, the amendment of an employee’s administrative complaint extends the deadline 

for the agency to complete its investigation to the earlier of 180 days after the last amendment or 

360 days after the initial complaint. 29 C.F.R. §§ 1614.106(e)(2) & 1614.108(f); EEO Mgmt. 

Directive 110 § 5-32 (Aug. 2, 2015); Howard v. Gutierrez, No. 08-CV-0421 (PLF), 2009 WL 

536585, at *3–4 (D.D.C. Mar. 3, 2009) (noting the same). In this case, the agency has until June 

8, 2020 to file its final investigative report, Redpath Decl. ¶¶ 8–10, and an additional 60 days to 

issue its final decision following any request from Wright for an immediate final decision or the 

end of the 30-day period for Wright to make such a request, 29 C.F.R. § 1614.110(b).
13

F.3d 192, 198 (D.C. Cir. 2003) (“[T]he plain language of [the ADEA] requires the filing of a 

notice of intent to sue with the EEOC[.]”).

Taking a different tack, Wright points out that the claims in his third administrative 

complaint “are all interrelated [with] and include the same managers” as the claims in his second 

administrative complaint, so all of his claims should “be addressed by the Court at the same 

time.” Pl. Opp. 3. Be that as it may, exhaustion is necessary for all discrete acts of 

discrimination and retaliation. See generally Poole v. U.S. Gov’t Publ’g Office, 258 F. Supp. 3d 

193, 201 (D.D.C. 2017), aff’d, No. 17-5189, 2018 WL 4147231 (D.C. Cir. Aug. 9, 2018) (citing 

Nat’l R.R. Passenger Corp. v. Morgan, 536 U.S. 101, 110 (2002)); Prescott-Harris v. Fanning, 

No. 15-CV-1716 (RC), 2016 WL 7223276, at *3 (D.D.C. Dec. 12, 2016). Wright therefore 

cannot attach the unexhausted claims in his third administrative complaint onto this suit.

Finally, Wright seems to complain more generally about his experience before the 

agency’s Office of Civil Rights and the EEOC. See, e.g., Pl. Opp. 2–3 (asserting that there was 

an inadequate investigation of his administrative complaints); Pl. Sur-Reply 1–4 (contending that 

the EEOC did not act in good faith). To be sure, “[e]xhaustion of administrative remedies is not 

required where exhaustion would be futile.” Harris v. Attorney Gen. of the United States, 657 F. 

Supp. 2d 1, 13 (D.D.C. 2009) (citing Brown, 777 F.2d at 14). But, that exception only applies 

where the administrative process would be “‘clearly useless,’ either because the agency . . . has 

indicated that it does not have jurisdiction over the dispute, or because it has evidenced a strong 

stand on the issue in question and an unwillingness to reconsider the issue.” Randolph-Sheppard 

Vendors of America v. Weinberger, 795 F.2d 90, 105–06 (quoting Baxter v. Claytor, 652 F.2d 

181, 185 (D.C. Cir. 1981)). It does not apply to unsubstantiated allegations of agency bad faith. 

See generally Koch v. Walter, 935 F. Supp. 2d 143, 153 (D.D.C. 2013) (requiring plaintiff to 
14

participate in good faith in the administrative process despite his repeated accusations that the 

agency’s staff were “working actively to frustrate access to the [EEO] process”).

IV. Conclusion

For the foregoing reasons, the Court grants summary judgment to the Government on the 

claims raised in Wright’s first and third administrative complaints and dismisses all claims 

brought under the ADA, Family and Medical Leave Act, Equal Pay Act, and Fair Labor 

Standards Act for failure to state a claim. The only remaining claims are the Title VII, ADEA, 

and Rehabilitation Act claims raised in Wright’s second administrative complaint. A separate 

order follows.

CHRISTOPHER R. COOPER

Date: June 10, 2020 United States District Judge