NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING 

MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED 

 IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL 

 OF FLORIDA 

 SECOND DISTRICT 

CAROL RACHELLE ROACH, ) 

 ) 

 Appellant, ) 

 ) 

v. ) Case No. 2D15-493 

 ) 

CARMEN BROWER, ) 

 ) 

 Appellee. ) 

 ) 

Opinion filed December 9, 2015. 

Appeal from the Circuit Court for Pinellas 

County; Thomas M. Ramsberger, Judge. 

J. Andrew Crawford of J. Andrew Crawford, 

P.A., St. Petersburg, for Appellant. 

Carmen Brower, pro se. 

LUCAS, Judge. 

 Carol Rachelle Roach appeals the entry of an injunction for protection 

against stalking that prohibits her from contacting Carmen Brower, the petitioner below. 

Ms. Brower, who neither appeared in this appeal nor testified in the underlying 

proceedings, failed to prove that she suffered any kind of emotional distress as a result 

of Ms. Roach's activities. Accordingly, we reverse the circuit court's order. 
- 2 - 

 From the record presented in this appeal, it appears that Ms. Roach 

became convinced that a relative of Ms. Brower had burglarized Ms. Roach's home. 

Ms. Roach pursued that belief to some degree. She filed a criminal complaint and then 

began "investigating," through various means, Ms. Brower's relative by contacting Ms. 

Brower, her friends, and her family. On November 6, 2014, Ms. Brower filed a petition 

for injunction against Ms. Roach, alleging that Ms. Roach was harassing, stalking, and 

threatening her. 

 On January 9, 2015, the court convened an evidentiary hearing on Ms. 

Brower's petition. At that hearing, several witnesses testified on behalf of Ms. Brower 

and Ms. Roach. Collectively, their testimony was fairly vague, revolving around 

anonymous telephone calls made to Ms. Brower's daughter, Ms. Roach's repeated 

inquiries about Ms. Brower's relative, and a magnetic car sign Ms. Roach placed on her 

vehicle that sought information about Ms. Brower's relative. Neither Ms. Roach nor Ms. 

Brower testified.1 The circuit court announced its ruling at the conclusion of the hearing, 

stating it was concerned about the level of contact that Ms. Roach had had with Ms. 

Brower's friends and family. The court's injunction order prohibited Ms. Roach from 

committing, or causing any other person to commit, any acts of stalking against Ms. 

Brower and from contacting Ms. Brower for a period of one year. Ms. Roach then timely 

appealed. 

 

 1Ms. Brower represented herself throughout the proceedings below and 

appears to have conducted herself properly. She examined and cross-examined the 

witnesses who testified and complied with the court's evidentiary rulings. However, she 

never provided her own testimony during the hearing. It may be that she was simply 

unsure at what point in the process she could "tell her side of the story," so to speak, as 

a pro se litigant. 
- 3 - 

 A petitioner may obtain an injunction to prevent stalking under section 

784.0485, Florida Statutes (2014). Section 784.048(2), in turn, provides: "A person who 

willfully, maliciously, and repeatedly follows, harasses, or cyberstalks another person 

commits the offense of stalking . . . ." Pertinent here, section 784.048(1)(a) defines the 

term "harass" as "to engage in a course of conduct directed at a specific person which 

causes substantial emotional distress to that person and serves no legitimate purpose." 

Thus, to be entitled to injunctive relief under her petition, Ms. Brower had to establish 

that Ms. Roach willfully, maliciously, and repeatedly engaged in a course of conduct 

toward her that caused her substantial emotional distress and served no legitimate 

purpose. 

 "Each incident of stalking must be proven by competent, substantial 

evidence to support an injunction against stalking." Touhey v. Seda, 133 So. 3d 1203, 

1204 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014). In the case at bar, while we might defer to the court's 

determinations that Ms. Roach's course of conduct was willful, malicious, and 

unjustified, we cannot ignore the complete absence of evidence as to whether that 

conduct caused Ms. Brower substantial emotional distress under section 784.048(1)(a). 

Ms. Brower never testified. And not one of the witnesses who did testify ever implied 

that Ms. Brower was affected by Ms. Roach's actions in any way. In truth, it seems that 

the distress, if there were any here, was harbored solely by the witnesses themselves. 

Regardless, without competent, substantial evidence that Ms. Brower, the petitioner, 

suffered substantial emotional distress, the circuit court could not enter an injunction 

against Ms. Roach based upon the stalking statute. See Leach v. Kersey, 162 So. 3d 

1104, 1106-07 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015) (holding that because petitioner failed to 
- 4 - 

demonstrate that she suffered substantial emotional distress through competent, 

substantial evidence, the trial court erred in granting the injunction against stalking); 

Jones v. Jackson, 67 So. 3d 1203, 1204 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011) (holding that the trial court 

erred in granting an injunction against stalking where the evidence did not demonstrate 

that a reasonable person in the petitioner's position would have suffered substantial 

emotional distress). 

 The order below is, therefore, reversed, and we remand with instructions 

to the circuit court to dissolve the injunction against Ms. Roach. 

 Reversed and remanded with instructions. 

ALTENBERND and WALLACE, JJ., Concur.