EX-4.1





 Exhibit 4.1 
  

 
  

SECTION 382 RIGHTS AGREEMENT 

dated as of 
 December 3,
2019 
 between 
 MERRIMACK
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 
 and 

COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A. 

as Rights Agent 
  

 
  












 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

							
	 Section 1.
	 	Definitions	  	 	1	 
			
	 Section 2.
	 	Appointment of Rights Agent	  	 	6	 
			
	 Section 3.
	 	Issue of Right Certificates	  	 	7	 
			
	 Section 4.
	 	Form of Right Certificates	  	 	8	 
			
	 Section 5.
	 	Countersignature and Registration	  	 	9	 
			
	 Section 6.
	 	Transfer, Split-up, Combination and Exchange of Right Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Right Certificates	  	 	9	 
			
	 Section 7.
	 	Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights	  	 	10	 
			
	 Section 8.
	 	Cancellation and Destruction of Right Certificates	  	 	11	 
			
	 Section 9.
	 	Status and Availability of Preferred Shares	  	 	12	 
			
	 Section 10.
	 	Preferred Shares Record Date	  	 	12	 
			
	 Section 11.
	 	Adjustment of Purchase Price, Number of Shares or Number of Rights	  	 	12	 
			
	 Section 12.
	 	Certificate of Adjustment	  	 	18	 
			
	 Section 13.
	 	Consolidation, Merger, Sale or Transfer of Assets or Earning Power	  	 	19	 
			
	 Section 14.
	 	Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares	  	 	19	 
			
	 Section 15.
	 	Rights of Action	  	 	21	 
			
	 Section 16.
	 	Agreement of Right Holders	  	 	21	 
			
	 Section 17.
	 	Right Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder	  	 	22	 
			
	 Section 18.
	 	Concerning the Rights Agent	  	 	22	 
			
	 Section 19.
	 	Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent	  	 	23	 
			
	 Section 20.
	 	Rights and Duties of Rights Agent	  	 	23	 
			
	 Section 21.
	 	Change of Rights Agent	  	 	26	 
			
	 Section 22.
	 	Issuance of New Right Certificates	  	 	27	 
			
	 Section 23.
	 	Redemption	  	 	27	 
			
	 Section 24.
	 	Exchange	  	 	28	 
			
	 Section 25.
	 	Notice of Certain Events	  	 	29	 
			
	 Section 26.
	 	Notices	  	 	29	 
			
	 Section 27.
	 	Supplements and Amendments	  	 	30	 
			
	 Section 28.
	 	Successors	  	 	31	 
			
	 Section 29.
	 	Benefits of this Agreement	  	 	31	 
			
	 Section 30.
	 	Severability	  	 	31	 
			
	 Section 31.
	 	Governing Law	  	 	31	 
			
	 Section 32.
	 	Counterparts	  	 	31	 
			
	 Section 33.
	 	Descriptive Headings	  	 	31	 
			
	 Section 34.
	 	Administration	  	 	31	 
			
	 Section 35.
	 	Force Majeure	  	 	32	 
			
	 Section 36.
	 	Process to Seek Exemption	  	 	32	 

  

  
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 SECTION 382 RIGHTS AGREEMENT 

This SECTION 382 RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of December 3, 2019 is between Merrimack
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., a federally chartered trust company (the “Rights Agent”, which term shall include any successor Rights Agent
hereunder), as Rights Agent. 
 WITNESSETH: 

WHEREAS, (a) the Company and certain of its Subsidiaries have generated certain Tax Benefits (as hereinafter defined) for United
States federal and state income tax purposes, (b) the Company desires to avoid an “ownership change” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code (as hereinafter defined) and the Treasury Regulations (as hereinafter
defined) promulgated thereunder and similar state tax laws, and thereby preserve its ability to utilize such Tax Benefits, and (c) in furtherance of such objective, the Company desires to enter into this Agreement; and 

WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) has authorized and declared a dividend of one preferred
share purchase right (a “Right”) for each Common Share (as hereinafter defined) of the Company outstanding on the Close of Business on December 13, 2019 (the “Record Date”) and has authorized the issuance of
one Right with respect to each additional Common Share issued by the Company between the Record Date and the earliest of (a) the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, (b) the Redemption Date, (c) the Early Expiration Date (if
applicable) and (d) the Final Expiration Date (as such terms are hereinafter defined), and additional Common Shares of the Company that shall become outstanding after the Distribution Date as provided in Section 22 of this Agreement, each
Right initially representing the right to purchase one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share (as hereinafter defined), subject to adjustment, upon the terms and subject to the conditions hereof. 

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual agreements herein set forth, the parties agree as follows: 

Section 1. Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings indicated: 

(a) “Acquiring Person” means any Person (other than an Exempt Person) who or which, together with all Affiliates and
Associates of such Person and any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert, shall be the Beneficial Owner of 4.9% or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding, but shall not include any Person who or which, at the time
of the first public announcement of this Agreement, is a Beneficial Owner of 4.9% or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding (a “Grandfathered Stockholder”); provided, however, that if a
Grandfathered Stockholder increases its Beneficial Ownership of the Common Shares of the Company as of any date on or after the date of the public announcement of this Agreement, then such Grandfathered Stockholder shall no longer be deemed to be a
Grandfathered Stockholder unless, upon such acquisition of Beneficial Ownership of additional Common Shares of the Company, such Person is not then the Beneficial Owner of 4.9% or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding;
provided, further, that upon the first decrease of a Grandfathered Stockholder’s Beneficial Ownership below 4.9% of the Common 

  
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Shares of the Company then outstanding, such Grandfathered Stockholder shall no longer be deemed to be a Grandfathered Stockholder and this proviso shall have no further force or effect with
respect to such Person. For the avoidance of doubt, in the event that after the time of the first public announcement of this Agreement, any agreement, arrangement or understanding pursuant to which any Grandfathered Stockholder is deemed to be the
Beneficial Owner of Common Shares of the Company expires, terminates or no longer confers any benefit to or imposes any obligation on the Grandfathered Stockholder, any direct or indirect replacement, extension or substitution of such agreement,
arrangement or understanding with respect to the same or different Common Shares of the Company that confers Beneficial Ownership of Common Shares of the Company shall be considered the acquisition of Beneficial Ownership of additional Common Shares
of the Company by the Grandfathered Stockholder and render such Grandfathered Stockholder an Acquiring Person for purposes of this Agreement unless, upon such acquisition of Beneficial Ownership of additional Common Shares of the Company, such
person is not the Beneficial Owner of 4.9% or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding. 
 Notwithstanding the
foregoing, no Person shall become an Acquiring Person as the result of an acquisition of Common Shares by the Company (or any other action of the Company or to which the Company is a party having the effect of reducing the number of shares
outstanding) which, by reducing the number of shares outstanding, increases the proportionate number of shares Beneficially Owned by such Person to 4.9% (or such other percentage as would otherwise result in such Person becoming an Acquiring
Person) or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding; provided, however, that if a Person would, but for the provisions of this paragraph, become an Acquiring Person by reason of such action and following such action,
such Person becomes the Beneficial Owner of any additional Common Shares of the Company such that the Person is or thereby becomes the Beneficial Owner of 4.9% (or such other percentage as would otherwise result in such Person becoming an
Acquiring Person) or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding (other than as a result of any action of the Company or to which the Company is a party described in this paragraph), then such Person shall be deemed to be an Acquiring
Person. 
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Board determines in good faith that a Person who would otherwise be an Acquiring Person has
become such inadvertently, and such Person divests as promptly as practicable a sufficient number of Common Shares of the Company so that such Person would no longer be an Acquiring Person, then such Person shall not be deemed to have become an
Acquiring Person. 
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a bona fide swaps dealer who would otherwise be an “Acquiring Person” has
become so as a result of its actions in the ordinary course of its business that the Board determines, in its sole discretion, were taken without the intent or effect of evading or assisting any other Person to evade the purposes and intent of this
Agreement, or otherwise seeking to control or influence the management or policies of the Company, then, and unless and until the Board shall otherwise determine, such Person shall not be deemed to be an “Acquiring Person.” 

  
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 (b) A Person shall be deemed to be “Acting in Concert” with another Person
if such Person knowingly acts (whether or not pursuant to an express agreement, arrangement or understanding) in concert or in parallel with such other Person, or towards a common goal with such other Person, relating to (i) acquiring, holding,
voting or disposing of voting securities of the Company or (ii) changing or influencing the management, policies or control of the Company or in connection with or as a participant in any transaction having that purpose or effect, where one or
more additional factors supports a determination by the Board that such Persons intended to act in concert or in parallel, which such factors may include, without limitation, exchanging information, attending meetings, conducting discussions, or
making or soliciting invitations to act in concert or in parallel. A Person who is Acting in Concert with another Person shall also be deemed to be Acting in Concert with any third Person who is also Acting in Concert with such other Person. 

(c) “Affiliate” and “Associate” shall have the respective meanings ascribed to such terms in Rule 12b-2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, as in effect on the date of this Agreement. 
 (d) A
Person shall be deemed the “Beneficial Owner” of and shall be deemed to “Beneficially Own,” or have “Beneficial Ownership” of, any securities: 

(i) which such Person actually owns (directly or indirectly) or would be deemed to actually or constructively own pursuant to Section 382
of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder (including any coordinated acquisition of securities by any Persons Acting in Concert (to the extent ownership of such securities would be attributed to such Persons under
Section 382 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder)); or 
 (ii) which are Beneficially Owned (within the
meaning of the preceding clauses of this paragraph (d)), directly or indirectly, by any other Person (or any Affiliate or Associate of such Person) with which such Person (or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates) is Acting in
Concert or has any agreement, arrangement or understanding, whether or not in writing, for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of any securities of the Company or cooperating in obtaining, changing or influencing the control of
the Company; provided that the effect of such agreement, arrangement or understanding is to treat such Person as an “entity” under Section 1.382-3(a)(1) of the Treasury Regulations. 

Notwithstanding anything in this definition of Beneficial Owner to the contrary, the phrase “then outstanding,” when used with
reference to a Person’s Beneficial Ownership of securities of the Company, means the number of such securities then issued and outstanding together with the number of such securities not then actually issued and outstanding which such Person
would be deemed to Beneficially Own hereunder. 
 Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, to the extent not within the
foregoing provisions of this paragraph (d), a Person shall be deemed the “Beneficial Owner” of, and shall be deemed to “beneficially own” or have “beneficial ownership” of, any securities which such Person would be
deemed to constructively own or which would be aggregated with shares owned by such Person pursuant to Section 382 of the Code, or any successor provisions or replacement provision and the Treasury Regulations thereunder. 

  
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 (e) “Board” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals. 

(f) “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New
York are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close. 
 (g) “Close of Business” on any given date
means 5:00 p.m., New York time, on such date; provided, however, that if such date is not a Business Day, it means 5:00 p.m., New York time, on the next succeeding Business Day. 

(h) “Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (or such similar provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
of 2017), as amended. 
 (i) “Common Shares,” when used with reference to the Company, means the shares of Common
Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company. “Common Shares,” when used with reference to any Person other than the Company, means the capital stock (or equity interest) with the greatest voting power of such other Person
or, if such other Person is a Subsidiary of another Person, the Person or Persons which ultimately control such first-mentioned Person. 

(j) “Common Stock Equivalents” has the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii). 

(k) “Company” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble. 

(l) “Current Per Share Market Price” has the meaning set forth in Section 11(d)(i). 

(m) “Current Value” has the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii). 

(n) “Distribution Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(a). 

(o) “Early Expiration Date” means, if Stockholder Approval has not been obtained by the Close of Business on the date on which
the Company’s 2020 annual meeting of stockholders is concluded (or, if later, the date on which the votes of the stockholders of the Company with respect to such meeting are certified), the Close of Business on such date. For the avoidance
of doubt, if Stockholder Approval is obtained then there shall be no Early Expiration Date.  
 (p) “Equivalent
Preferred Shares” has the meaning set forth in Section 11(b). 
 (q) “Exchange Act” means the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 
 (r) “Exchange Ratio” has the meaning set forth in Section 24(a). 

(s) “Exempt Person” means any of (i) the Company, (ii) any Subsidiary of the Company, (iii) any employee
benefit plan of the Company or of any Subsidiary of the Company, (iv) any entity holding Common Shares for or pursuant to the terms of any such employee benefit plan, and (v) any other Person that the Board determines is exempt from this
Agreement, which determination shall be made in the sole and absolute discretion of the Board; provided, 

  
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that such determination is made, and no Person shall qualify as an Exempt Person unless such determination is made, prior to such time as any Person becomes and Acquiring Person; provided,
further, that any Person will cease to be an Exempt Person if (A) such Person fails to comply with any limitations or conditions required by the Board in making such determination or (B) if the Board makes a contrary determination
with respect to such Person regardless of the reason therefor. 
 (t) “Exemption Request” has the meaning set forth in
Section 36. 
 (u) “Final Expiration Date” means the earlier of (i) the Close of Business on December 3, 2022
or (ii) the Close of Business on the date that the Board determines that (A) this Agreement is no longer necessary or desirable for the preservation of the Tax Benefits or (B) the Tax Benefits have been fully utilized and may no
longer be carried forward. 
 (v) “Grandfathered Stockholder” has the meaning set forth in Section 1(a). 

(w) “NASDAQ” means The NASDAQ Global Market. 

(x) “Person” means any individual, firm, corporation, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership,
business trust, limited liability company, unincorporated association or other entity and shall include any successor (by merger or otherwise) of such entity. 

(y) “Preferred Shares” means shares of Series Z Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share,
of the Company having such rights and preferences as are set forth in the form of Certificate of Designation set forth as EXHIBIT A hereto, as the same may be amended from time to time. 

(z) “Purchase Price” has the meaning set forth in Section 7(b). 

(aa) “Record Date” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals. 

(bb) “Redemption Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 23(b). 

(cc) “Redemption Price” has the meaning set forth in Section 23(a). 

(dd) “Requesting Person” has the meaning set forth in Section 36. 

(ee) “Right” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals. 

(ff) “Right Certificate” means a certificate evidencing a Right substantially in the form of
EXHIBIT B hereto. 
 (gg) “Rights Agent” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble. 

(hh) “Spread” has the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii). 

(ii) “Stock Acquisition Date” means the date of the first public announcement or public disclosure of facts, in either case,
by the Company or an Acquiring Person that an Acquiring Person has become such (which, for purposes of this definition, shall include a statement on Schedule 13D filed pursuant to the Exchange Act). 

  
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 (jj) “Stockholder Approval” means the approval of this Agreement (or such
Agreement as then in effect or as contemplated to be in effect following such Stockholder Approval) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon at a
meeting of stockholders of the Company (including any adjournment or postponement thereof), duly held in accordance with the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws (as each may hereafter be amended from time to time) and applicable
law, at which a quorum is present. 
 (kk) “Subsidiary” of any Person means any Person of which a majority of the voting
power of the voting equity securities or equity interest is owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person. 
 (ll) “Summary of
Rights” means the Summary of Rights to Purchase Preferred Shares substantially in the form of EXHIBIT C hereto. 

(mm) “Tax Benefits” shall mean the net operating loss carryovers, capital loss carryovers, general business credit carryovers,
alternative minimum tax credit carryovers and foreign tax credit carryovers, as well as any loss or deduction attributable to a “net unrealized built-in loss” within the meaning of Section 382
of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. 
 (nn) “Trading
Day” means a day on which the principal national securities exchange on which a security is listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if a security is not listed or admitted to trading on any national
securities exchange, a Business Day. 
 (oo) “Treasury Regulations” shall mean final, temporary and proposed regulations of
the Department of Treasury under the Code and any successor regulations, including any amendments thereto. 
 Section 2. Appointment of Rights
Agent. The Company hereby appoints the Rights Agent to act as rights agent for the Company in accordance with the express terms and conditions hereof (and no implied terms or conditions), and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such appointment. The
Company may from time to time appoint such co-rights agents as it may deem necessary or desirable, upon ten (10) days’ prior written notice to the Rights Agent. The Rights Agent shall have no duty to
supervise, and shall in no event be liable for, the acts or omissions of any such co-rights agent. In the event the Company appoints one or more co-rights agents, the
respective duties of the Rights Agent and any co-rights Agent shall be as the Company shall reasonably determine, provided that such duties and determination are consistent with the terms and provisions of
this Agreement and that contemporaneously with such appointment, if any, the Company shall notify the Rights Agent in writing thereof. 

  
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 Section 3. Issue of Right Certificates. 

(a) Until the earlier of (i) the Close of Business on the tenth day after the Stock Acquisition Date (or, in the event the Board
determines on or before such tenth (10th) day to effect an exchange in accordance with Section 24 and determines in accordance with Section 24(a) that a later date is advisable, such later date) or (ii) the Close of Business on
the tenth Business Day (or such later date as may be determined by action of the Board prior to such time as any Person becomes an Acquiring Person) after the date of the commencement by any Person (other than any Exempt Person) of a tender or
exchange offer the consummation of which would result in any Person becoming an Acquiring Person (such date described in clause (i) or (ii) of this sentence being herein referred to as the “Distribution Date”)
(provided, however, that if such tender or exchange offer is terminated prior to the occurrence of a Distribution Date, then no Distribution Date shall occur as a result of such tender or exchange offer), (A) the Rights will be
evidenced by the certificates (or other evidence of book-entry or other uncertificated ownership) for Common Shares registered in the names of the holders thereof (which shall also be deemed to be Right Certificates) and not by separate Right
Certificates, and (B) the right to receive Right Certificates will be transferable only in connection with the transfer of Common Shares. As soon as practicable after the Distribution Date, the Company will prepare and execute, the Rights Agent
will countersign, and the Company will send or cause to be sent (and the Rights Agent will, if requested, at the expense of the Company and upon receipt of all relevant information, send) by first-class, postage-prepaid mail, to each record holder
of Common Shares as of the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, at the address of such holder shown on the records of the Company, one or more Right Certificates, evidencing one Right for each Common Share so held, subject to adjustment as
provided herein; provided, however, that the Rights may instead be recorded in book-entry or other uncertificated form, in which case such book-entries or other evidence of ownership shall be deemed to be Right Certificates for all
purposes of this Agreement; provided, further, that all procedures relating to actions to be taken or information to be provided with respect to such Rights recorded in book-entry or other uncertificated forms, and all requirements
with respect to the form of any Right Certificate set forth in this Agreement, may be modified as necessary or appropriate to reflect book-entry or other uncertificated ownership. As of the Distribution Date, the Rights will be evidenced solely by
such Right Certificates. 
 (b) As soon as practicable after the Record Date, the Company will make available a copy of the Summary of Rights
to any holder of Rights who may request it prior to the Final Expiration Date. The Company shall provide the Rights Agent with written notice of the occurrence of the Final Expiration Date and the Rights Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge
of the occurrence of the Final Expiration Date, unless and until it shall have received such written notice. 
 (c) Certificates for Common
Shares which become outstanding after the Record Date but prior to the earliest of (i) the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, (ii) the Redemption Date, (iii) the Early Expiration Date (if applicable), and (iv) the Final
Expiration Date shall have impressed on, printed on, written on or otherwise affixed to them a legend in substantially the following form: 

THIS CERTIFICATE ALSO EVIDENCES AND ENTITLES THE HOLDER HEREOF TO CERTAIN RIGHTS AS SET FORTH IN A SECTION 382 RIGHTS AGREEMENT BETWEEN
MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A., AS RIGHTS AGENT (OR ANY SUCCESSOR RIGHTS AGENT), DATED AS OF 

  
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DECEMBER 3, 2018, AS IT MAY FROM TIME TO TIME BE AMENDED OR SUPPLEMENTED PURSUANT TO ITS TERMS (THE “SECTION 382 RIGHTS AGREEMENT”), THE TERMS OF WHICH ARE HEREBY INCORPORATED
HEREIN BY REFERENCE AND A COPY OF WHICH IS ON FILE AT THE PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES OF MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. THE RIGHTS ARE NOT EXERCISABLE PRIOR TO THE OCCURRENCE OF CERTAIN EVENTS SPECIFIED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT. UNDER CERTAIN
CIRCUMSTANCES, AS SET FORTH IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT, SUCH RIGHTS WILL BE EVIDENCED SEPARATELY AND WILL NO LONGER BE EVIDENCED BY THIS CERTIFICATE. MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. WILL MAIL TO THE HOLDER OF THIS CERTIFICATE A COPY OF THE RIGHTS
AGREEMENT WITHOUT CHARGE AFTER RECEIPT OF A WRITTEN REQUEST THEREFOR. UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, RIGHTS THAT ARE OR WERE ACQUIRED OR BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY ACQUIRING PERSONS (AS DEFINED IN THE SECTION 382 RIGHTS AGREEMENT) MAY BECOME NULL AND
VOID. 
 With respect to such certificates containing the foregoing legend, until the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, the Rights associated with
the Common Shares of the Company represented by such certificates shall be evidenced by such certificates alone, and the surrender for transfer of any such certificate shall also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with the Common
Shares of the Company represented thereby. If the Company purchases or acquires any Common Shares after the Record Date but prior to the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, any Rights associated with such Common Shares shall be deemed
canceled and retired so that the Company shall not be entitled to exercise any Rights associated with the Common Shares which are no longer outstanding. Notwithstanding this Section 3(c), the omission of a legend shall not affect the
enforceability of any part of this Agreement or the rights of any holder of the Rights. 
 Section 4. Form of Right Certificates. The Right
Certificates (and the forms of election to purchase Preferred Shares and of assignment to be printed on the reverse thereof) may have such marks of identification or designation and such legends, summaries or endorsements printed thereon as the
Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement (but which do not affect the rights, duties, liabilities or responsibilities of the Rights Agent), or as may be required to comply with any applicable law
or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any stock exchange on which the Rights may from time to time be listed or the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or to conform to usage. Subject to the
other provisions of this Agreement, the Right Certificates shall entitle the holders thereof to purchase such number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share as shall be set forth therein at the Purchase
Price, but the amount and type of securities purchasable upon exercise and the Purchase Price shall be subject to adjustment as provided herein. 

  
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 Section 5. Countersignature and Registration. Right Certificates shall be duly executed on
behalf of the Company by its Chief Executive Officer, its Chief Financial Officer, any of its Vice Presidents, or any person holding an equivalent position to any of the foregoing, either manually or by facsimile signature, and shall be attested by
the Secretary or General Counsel of the Company or such other executive officer of the Company designated by the Secretary or General Counsel of the Company, either manually or by facsimile signature. Upon written request by the Company, the Right
Certificates shall be countersigned, either manually or by facsimile signature, by an authorized signatory of the Rights Agent, but it shall not be necessary for the same signatory to countersign all of the Right Certificates hereunder. No Right
Certificate shall be valid for any purpose unless so countersigned, either manually or by facsimile. If any officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the Right Certificates shall cease to be such officer of the Company before
countersignature by the Rights Agent and issuance and delivery by the Company, such Right Certificates nevertheless may be countersigned by the Rights Agent and issued and delivered by the Company with the same force and effect as though the Person
who signed such Right Certificates had not ceased to be such officer of the Company. Any Right Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by any Person who, at the actual date of the execution of such Right Certificate, is a proper officer
of the Company to sign such Right Certificate, even if at the date of the execution of this Agreement such Person was not such an officer. 

Following the Distribution Date, and receipt by the Rights Agent of written notice to that effect and all other relevant information referred
to in this Agreement, the Rights Agent will keep or cause to be kept, at its office or offices designated for such purpose, books for registration of the transfer of the Right Certificates issued hereunder. Such books shall show the names and
addresses of the respective holders of the Right Certificates, the number of Rights evidenced on its face by each of the Right Certificates, and the date of each of the Right Certificates. 

Section 6. Transfer, Split-up, Combination and Exchange of Right Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or
Stolen Right Certificates. 
 (a) Subject to the provisions of Section 14, at any time after the Close of Business on the
Distribution Date, and prior to the earlier of the Redemption Date, the Early Expiration Date (if applicable) and Final Expiration Date, any Right Certificate (other than a Right Certificate representing Rights that have become void pursuant to
Section 11(a)(ii) or that have been exchanged pursuant to Section 24) may be transferred, split up, combined or exchanged for another Right Certificate, entitling the registered holder to purchase a like number of Preferred Shares as the
Right Certificate surrendered then entitled such holder to purchase. Any registered holder desiring to transfer, split up, combine or exchange any Right Certificate shall make such request in writing delivered to the Rights Agent, and shall
surrender (together with any required form of assignment and certificate duly executed and properly completed) the Right Certificate to be transferred, split up, combined or exchanged at the office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such
purpose, accompanied by a signature guarantee and such other documentation as the Rights Agent may reasonably request. Neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to take any action whatsoever with respect to the transfer of any such
surrendered Right Certificate until the registered holder shall have properly completed and duly executed the certificate contained in the form of assignment on the reverse side of such Right Certificate and shall have provided such additional
evidence of the identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) thereof, as the Company or the Rights Agent shall reasonably request. Thereupon, the Rights Agent shall countersign and deliver to the Person


  
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entitled thereto a Right Certificate or Right Certificates, as the case may be, as so requested. The Company or the Rights Agent may require payment from the holders of the Right Certificates of
a sum sufficient for any tax or governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any transfer, split-up, combination or exchange of Right Certificates. The Rights Agent shall not have any duty or
obligation to take any action under any section of this Agreement that requires the payment of taxes and/or charges unless and until it is satisfied that all such payments have been made. 

(b) Subject to the provisions of Section 14, upon receipt by the Company and the Rights Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to each
of them of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of a Right Certificate, and, in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security satisfactory to them, along with a signature guarantee and such other and further documentation as the
Company or the Rights Agent may reasonably request, and reimbursement to the Company and the Rights Agent of all reasonable expenses incidental thereto, and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender to the Rights Agent and cancellation of the Right
Certificate, the Company will execute and deliver a new Right Certificate of like tenor to the Rights Agent for countersignature and delivery to the registered owner in lieu of the Right Certificate so lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated. 

Section 7. Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights. 

(a) The registered holder of any Right Certificate (other than a holder whose Rights have become void pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii) or
have been exchanged pursuant to Section 24) may exercise the Rights evidenced thereby in whole or in part at any time after the Distribution Date upon surrender of the Right Certificate, with the appropriate form of election to purchase on the
reverse side thereof properly completed and duly executed, to the Rights Agent at the offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, accompanied by a signature guarantee and such other documentation as the Rights Agent may reasonably
request, together with payment of the Purchase Price for each one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share represented by a Right that is exercised and an amount equal to any applicable transfer tax or charges
required to be paid pursuant to Section 9, at or prior to the earliest of (i) the Early Expiration Date (if applicable), (ii) the Final Expiration Date, (iii) the Redemption Date, and (iv) the time at which the Rights are
exchanged as provided in Section 24 hereof. 
 (b) The purchase price to be paid upon the exercise of each Right to purchase one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share represented by a Right shall initially be $18.00 (the “Purchase Price”) and shall be payable in lawful money of the United States of America in accordance with
Section 7(c). Each Right shall initially entitle the holder to acquire one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share upon exercise of the Right. The Purchase Price and the number of Preferred Shares or other
securities for which a Right is exercisable shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in Sections 11 and 13. 

(c) Upon receipt of a Right Certificate representing exercisable Rights, with the form of election to purchase and certificate properly
completed and duly executed, accompanied by payment of the Purchase Price for the number of Rights exercised and an amount equal to any applicable transfer tax required to be paid by the holder of such Right Certificate in accordance with
Section 9 by cash, certified check, cashier’s check or money order payable to the order of 

  
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the Company, the Rights Agent shall thereupon promptly: (i) (A) requisition from any transfer agent of the Preferred Shares (or from the Company if there shall be no such transfer agent, or
make available, if the Rights Agent is the transfer agent) certificates for the number of Preferred Shares to be purchased, and the Company hereby irrevocably authorizes its transfer agent to comply with all such requests, or (B) requisition
from any depositary agent for the Preferred Shares depositary receipts representing such number of Preferred Shares as are to be purchased (in which case certificates for the Preferred Shares represented by such receipts shall be deposited by the
transfer agent with the depositary agent), and the Company hereby directs any such depositary agent to comply with such request; (ii) when necessary to comply with this Agreement, requisition from the Company the amount of cash to be paid in
lieu of issuance of fractional Preferred Shares in accordance with Section 14; (iii) after receipt of such certificates or depositary receipts, cause the same to be delivered to or upon the order of the registered holder of such Right
Certificate, registered in such name or names as may be designated in writing by such holder; and (iv) when necessary to comply with this Agreement, after receipt, deliver such cash to or upon the order of the registered holder of such Right
Certificate. In the event that the Company is obligated to issue other securities of the Company, pay cash and/or distribute other property pursuant to this Agreement, the Company will make all arrangements necessary so that such other securities,
cash and/or other property are available for distribution by the Rights Agent, if and when necessary to comply with this Agreement. 
 (d) If
the registered holder of any Right Certificate shall exercise less than all the Rights evidenced thereby, a new Right Certificate evidencing Rights equivalent to the Rights remaining unexercised shall be issued by the Rights Agent and delivered to
the registered holder of such Right Certificate or to such holder’s duly authorized assigns, subject to the provisions of Section 14. 

(e) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement or the Right Certificate to the contrary, neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be
obligated to undertake any action with respect to a registered holder of Rights or other securities of the Company upon the occurrence of any purported transfer or exercise as set forth in this Section 7 unless such registered holder shall have
(i) properly completed and duly executed the certificate contained in the appropriate form of election to purchase set forth on the reverse side of the Right Certificate surrendered for such exercise, (ii) tendered the Purchase Price (and
an amount equal to any applicable transfer tax required to be paid by the holder of such Right Certificate in accordance with Section 9) to the Company in a manner set forth in Section 7(c), and (iii) provided such additional evidence
of the identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates or Associates thereof as the Company and the Rights Agent shall reasonably request. 

Section 8. Cancellation and Destruction of Right Certificates. All Right Certificates surrendered for the purpose of exercise, transfer, split-up, combination or exchange shall, if surrendered to the Company or to any of its agents (other than the Rights Agent), be delivered to the Rights Agent for cancellation or in canceled form, or, if surrendered
to the Rights Agent, shall be canceled by it, and no Right Certificates shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly permitted by any of the provisions of this Agreement. The Company shall deliver to the Rights Agent for cancellation and
retirement, and the Rights Agent shall so cancel and retire, any other Right Certificate purchased or acquired by the Company otherwise than upon the exercise thereof. At the expense of the Company, the Rights Agent shall deliver all canceled Right
Certificates which have been canceled by the Rights Agent to the Company, or shall, at the written request of the Company, destroy such canceled Right Certificates, and in such case shall deliver a certificate of destruction thereof to the Company.


  
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 Section 9. Status and Availability of Preferred Shares. 

(a) The Company covenants and agrees that it will cause to be reserved and kept available, out of its authorized and unissued Preferred Shares
or any Preferred Shares held in its treasury, the number of Preferred Shares that will be sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all outstanding Rights in accordance with Section 7. 

(b) The Company covenants and agrees that it will take all such action as may be necessary to ensure that all Preferred Shares delivered upon
exercise of Rights shall, at the time of delivery of the certificates for such Preferred Shares (subject to payment of the Purchase Price), be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and
non-assessable shares. 
 (c) The Company further covenants and agrees that it will pay when due and
payable any and all federal and state transfer taxes and charges which may be payable in respect of the issuance or delivery of the Right Certificates or of any Preferred Shares upon the exercise of Rights. The Company shall not, however, be
required to pay any transfer tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer or delivery of Right Certificates to a Person other than, or the issuance or delivery of certificates or depositary receipts for the Preferred Shares in a name other
than that of, the registered holder of the Right Certificate evidencing Rights surrendered for exercise, and the Company and the Rights Agent shall not be required to issue or deliver any certificates or depositary receipts for Preferred Shares upon
the exercise of any Rights until any such tax or charge shall have been paid (any such tax or charge being payable by the holder of such Right Certificate at the time of surrender) or until it has been established to the Company’s and the
Rights Agent’s reasonable satisfaction that no such tax is due. 
 Section 10. Preferred Shares Record Date. Each Person in whose name any
certificate for Preferred Shares is issued upon the exercise of Rights shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder of record of the Preferred Shares represented thereby on, and such certificate shall be dated, the date upon which the
Right Certificate evidencing such Rights was duly surrendered and payment of the Purchase Price (and any applicable transfer taxes) was made; provided, however, that, if the date of such surrender and payment is a date upon which the
Preferred Shares transfer books of the Company are closed, such Person shall be deemed to have become the record holder of such shares on, and such certificate shall be dated, the next succeeding Business Day on which the Preferred Shares transfer
books of the Company are open. Prior to the exercise of the Rights evidenced thereby, the holder of a Right Certificate shall not be entitled to any rights of a holder of Preferred Shares for which the Rights shall be exercisable, including, without
limitation, the right to vote, to receive dividends or other distributions, or to exercise any preemptive rights, and shall not be entitled to receive any notice of any proceedings of the Company, except as provided herein. 

Section 11. Adjustment of Purchase Price, Number of Shares or Number of Rights. 

(a) General. 

  
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 (i) In the event the Company shall at any time after the date of this Agreement
(A) declare a dividend on the Preferred Shares payable in Preferred Shares, (B) subdivide the outstanding Preferred Shares, (C) combine the outstanding Preferred Shares into a smaller number of Preferred Shares or (D) issue any
shares of its capital stock in a reclassification of the Preferred Shares (including any such reclassification in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation), except as otherwise
provided in this Section 11(a), the Purchase Price in effect at the time of the record date for such dividend or of the effective date of such subdivision, combination or reclassification, and the number and kind of shares of capital stock
issuable on such date, shall be proportionately adjusted so that the holder of any Right exercised after such time shall be entitled to receive the aggregate number and kind of shares of capital stock which, if such Right had been exercised
immediately prior to such date, the holder would have owned upon such exercise and been entitled to receive by virtue of such dividend, subdivision, combination or reclassification; provided, however, that in no event shall the
consideration to be paid upon the exercise of one Right be less than the aggregate par value of the shares of capital stock of the Company issuable upon exercise of one Right. 

(ii) Subject to the second paragraph of this Section 11(a)(ii) and to Section 24, from and after the Stock Acquisition Date, each
holder of a Right shall have the right to receive, upon exercise thereof at a price equal to the then current Purchase Price multiplied by the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share for which a
Right is then exercisable, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and in lieu of Preferred Shares, such number of Common Shares of the Company as shall equal the result obtained by (A) multiplying the then current Purchase Price by the
number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share for which a Right is then exercisable and dividing that product by (B) 50% of the then Current Per Share Market Price of the Common Shares of the Company
(determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) on the Stock Acquisition Date. 
 From and after the Stock Acquisition Date, any Rights
that are or were acquired or Beneficially Owned by (1) an Acquiring Person (or any Associate or Affiliate of such Acquiring Person or any other Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert), (2) a transferee of any Acquiring Person
(or any Associate or Affiliate of such Acquiring Person or any other Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert) who becomes such a transferee after the Acquiring Person becomes an Acquiring Person or (3) a transferee of an Acquiring
Person (or any Associate or Affiliate of such Acquiring Person or any other Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert) who becomes such a transferee prior to or concurrently with the Acquiring Person becoming an Acquiring Person and who
receives such Rights (I) with actual knowledge that the transferor is or was an Acquiring Person or (II) pursuant to either (x) a transfer (whether or not for consideration) from the Acquiring Person (or any Associate or Affiliate of
such Acquiring Person or any other Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert) to holders of equity interests in such Acquiring Person (or any Associate or Affiliate of such Acquiring Person or any other Person with whom such Person is Acting
in Concert) or to any Person with whom the Acquiring Person (or any Associate or Affiliate of such Acquiring Person or any other Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert) has any continuing agreement, arrangement, understanding or
relationship (whether or not in writing) regarding the transferred Rights or (y) a transfer which the Board has determined is part of a plan, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing) which has as a primary purpose or effect of
the avoidance of this 

  
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Section 11(a)(ii), (each such Person described in (1)-(3) above, an “Excluded Person”) shall, in each such case, be null and void, and any holder of such Rights
(whether or not such holder is an Acquiring Person or an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person or a Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert) shall thereafter have no right to exercise such Rights under any provision of this
Agreement. No Right Certificates shall be issued pursuant to Sections 3, 6, 7(d) or 11 or otherwise hereof that represents Rights that are or have become null and void pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph and any Right Certificate
delivered to the Rights Agent that represents Rights that are or have become null and void pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph shall, upon receipt of written notice directing it to do so, be canceled by the Rights Agent. 

(iii) If there are not sufficient authorized but unissued Common Shares to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in accordance with
Section 11(a)(ii) or the exchange of the Rights in accordance with Section 24, or should the Board so elect, the Company may with respect to such deficiency, (A) determine the excess (the “Spread”) of (1) the
value of the Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of a Right as provided in Section 11(a)(ii) (the “Current Value”) over (2) the Purchase Price and (B) with respect to each Right, make adequate provision to
substitute for such Common Shares, upon payment of the applicable Purchase Price, any one or more of the following having an aggregate value determined by the Board to be equal to the Current Value: (1) cash; (2) a reduction in the
Purchase Price; (3) Common Shares or other equity securities of the Company (including, without limitation, shares, or units of shares, of preferred stock which the Board has determined to have the same value as Common Shares (“Common
Stock Equivalents”)); (4) debt securities of the Company; or (5) other assets, property or instruments. The Company shall provide the Rights Agent with prompt reasonably detailed written notice of any final determination under the
previous sentence. 
 If the Board shall determine in good faith that additional Common Shares should be authorized for issuance upon
exercise in full of the Rights, the Company may suspend the exercisability of the Rights in order to seek any authorization of additional shares, decide the appropriate form of distribution to be made and determine the value thereof. If the
exercisability of the Rights is suspended pursuant to this Section 11(a)(iii), the Company shall make a public announcement, and shall promptly deliver to the Rights Agent a statement, stating that the exercisability of the Rights has been
temporarily suspended. When the suspension is no longer in effect, the Company shall make another public announcement, and promptly deliver to the Rights Agent a statement, so stating. For purposes of this Section 11(a)(iii), the value of the
Common Shares shall be the Current Per Share Market Price (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i)) of the Common Shares as of the Stock Acquisition Date, and the value of any Common Stock Equivalent shall be deemed to have the same value as
the Common Shares on such date. 
 (b) If the Company fixes a record date for the issuance of rights, options or warrants to all holders of
Preferred Shares entitling them (for a period expiring within forty-five calendar days after such record date) to subscribe for or purchase Preferred Shares (or shares having the same rights, privileges and preferences as the Preferred Shares
(“Equivalent Preferred Shares”)) or securities convertible into Preferred Shares or Equivalent Preferred Shares at a price per Preferred Share or Equivalent Preferred Share (or having a conversion price per share, if a security
convertible into Preferred Shares or Equivalent Preferred Shares) less than the then Current Per Share Market Price of the Preferred Shares (as defined in Section 11(d)(ii)) on such 

  
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record date, the Purchase Price to be in effect after such record date shall be adjusted by multiplying the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a fraction,
(i) the numerator of which shall be (A) the number of Preferred Shares outstanding on such record date plus (B) the number of Preferred Shares which the aggregate offering price of the total number of Preferred Shares or
Equivalent Preferred Shares to be offered (or the aggregate initial conversion price of the convertible securities to be offered) would purchase at such Current Per Share Market Price and (ii) the denominator of which shall be (A) the
number of Preferred Shares outstanding on such record date plus (B) the number of additional Preferred Shares or Equivalent Preferred Shares to be offered for subscription or purchase (or into which the convertible securities to be
offered are initially convertible); provided, however, that in no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise of one Right be less than the aggregate par value of the Preferred Shares issuable upon exercise of one Right.
If such subscription price may be paid in a consideration part or all of which shall be in a form other than cash, the value of such consideration shall be as determined in good faith by the Board, whose determination shall be described in a
statement filed with the Rights Agent. Preferred Shares owned by or held for the account of the Company shall not be deemed outstanding for the purpose of any such computation. Such adjustment shall be made successively whenever such a record date
is fixed. If such rights, options or warrants are not so issued, the Purchase Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase Price that would then be in effect if such record date had not been fixed. 

(c) If the Company fixes a record date for the making of a distribution to all holders of the Preferred Shares (including any distribution made
in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation) of evidences of indebtedness or assets (other than a regular quarterly cash dividend or a dividend payable in Preferred Shares) or
subscription rights or warrants (excluding those referred to in Section 11(b)), the Purchase Price to be in effect after such record date shall be determined by multiplying the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a
fraction, (i) the numerator of which shall be the then Current Per Share Market Price of the Preferred Shares on such record date, less the fair market value (as determined in good faith by the Board) of the portion of the assets or evidences
of indebtedness to be distributed or of such subscription rights or warrants applicable to one Preferred Share and (ii) the denominator of which shall be the then Current Per Share Market Price of the Preferred Shares; provided,
however, that in no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise of one Right be less than the aggregate par value of the Preferred Shares to be issued upon exercise of one Right. Such adjustments shall be made successively
whenever such a record date is fixed. If such distribution is not so made, the Purchase Price shall again be adjusted to be the Purchase Price that would then be in effect if such record date had not been fixed. 

(d) Current Per Share Market Price. 

(i) For the purpose of any computation hereunder, the “Current Per Share Market Price” of any security on any date shall be
deemed to be the average of the daily closing prices per share of such security for the thirty (30) consecutive Trading Days immediately prior to such date; provided, however, that if the Current Per Share Market Price of the
security is determined during a period (A) following the announcement by the issuer of such security of (1) a dividend or distribution on such security payable in shares of such security or other securities convertible into such shares, or
(2) any subdivision, combination or reclassification of 

  
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such security, and (B) prior to the expiration of thirty (30) Trading Days after the ex-dividend date for such dividend or distribution, or the
record date for such subdivision, combination or reclassification, then, and in each such case, the Current Per Share Market Price shall be appropriately adjusted to reflect the current market price per share equivalent of such security. The closing
price for each day shall be the last sale price or, if no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, in either case as reported by NASDAQ, or, if on any such date the security is not listed on NASDAQ, the
average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in the security selected by the Board. If on any such date no such market maker is making a market in the security, the fair value of the
security on such date as determined in good faith by the Board shall be used. 
 (ii) For the purpose of any computation hereunder, the
“Current Per Share Market Price” of the Preferred Shares shall be determined in accordance with the method set forth in Section 11(d)(i). If the Preferred Shares are not publicly traded, the “Current Per Share Market
Price” of the Preferred Shares shall be conclusively deemed to be the Current Per Share Market Price of the Common Shares as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i) (appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or
similar transaction occurring after the date hereof) multiplied by one thousand (1,000). If neither the Common Shares nor the Preferred Shares are publicly held or so listed or traded, “Current Per Share Market Price” means the fair
value per share as determined in good faith by the Board, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent. 

(e) No adjustment in the Purchase Price shall be required unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least one percent
(1%) in the Purchase Price; provided, however, that any adjustments which by reason of this Section 11(e) are not required to be made shall be carried forward and taken into account in any subsequent adjustment. All
calculations under this Section 11 shall be made to the nearest cent or to the nearest one ten-millionth of a Preferred Share or one ten-thousandth of any other
share or security as the case may be. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this Section 11(e), any adjustment required by this Section 11 shall be made no later than three years from the date of the transaction which requires such
adjustment. 
 (f) If, as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to Section 11(a), the holder of any Right thereafter exercised shall
become entitled to receive any shares of capital stock of the Company other than Preferred Shares, the number of such other shares so receivable upon exercise of any Right shall thereafter be subject to adjustment from time to time in a manner and
on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the provisions with respect to the Preferred Shares contained in Sections 11(a) through 11(c), inclusive, and the provisions of Sections 7, 9, 10 and 13 with respect to the
Preferred Shares shall apply on like terms to any such other shares. 
 (g) All Rights originally issued by the Company subsequent to any
adjustment made to the Purchase Price hereunder shall evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, the number of Preferred Shares purchasable from time to time hereunder upon exercise of the Rights, all subject to further
adjustment as provided herein. 

  
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 (h) Unless the Company exercises its election as provided in Section 11(i), upon each
adjustment of the Purchase Price as a result of the calculations made in Sections 11(b) and 11(c), each Right outstanding immediately prior to the making of such adjustment shall thereafter evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted
Purchase Price, that number of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share (calculated to the nearest one ten-millionth of a Preferred Share) obtained by
(i) multiplying the number of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share covered by a Right immediately prior to this adjustment by the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment of the
Purchase Price and (ii) dividing the product by the Purchase Price in effect immediately after such adjustment of the Purchase Price. 

(i) The Company may elect on or after the date of any adjustment of the Purchase Price to adjust the number of Rights in substitution for any
adjustment in the number of Preferred Shares purchasable upon the exercise of a Right. Each of the Rights outstanding after such adjustment of the number of Rights shall be exercisable for the number of Preferred Shares for which a Right was
exercisable immediately prior to such adjustment. Each Right held of record prior to such adjustment of the number of Rights shall become that number of Rights (calculated to the nearest one hundred-thousandth) obtained by dividing the Purchase
Price in effect immediately prior to adjustment of the Purchase Price by the Purchase Price in effect immediately after adjustment of the Purchase Price. The Company shall make a public announcement (with prompt written notice thereof to the Rights
Agent) of its election to adjust the number of Rights, indicating the record date for the adjustment and, if known at the time, the amount of the adjustment to be made. The record date may be the date on which the Purchase Price is adjusted or any
day thereafter but, if the Right Certificates have been distributed, shall be at least ten (10) days after the date of the public announcement. If Right Certificates have been distributed, upon each adjustment of the number of Rights pursuant
to this Section 11(i), the Company shall, as promptly as practicable, cause to be distributed to holders of record of Right Certificates on such record date Right Certificates evidencing, subject to Section 14, the additional Rights to
which such holders shall be entitled as a result of such adjustment or, at the option of the Company, shall cause to be distributed to such holders of record in substitution and replacement for the Right Certificates held by such holders prior to
the date of adjustment, and upon surrender thereof if required by the Company, new Right Certificates evidencing all the Rights to which such holders shall be entitled after such adjustment. Right Certificates to be so distributed shall be issued,
executed and countersigned in the manner provided for herein and shall be registered in the names of the holders of record of Right Certificates on the record date specified in the public announcement. 

(j) Irrespective of any adjustment or change in the Purchase Price or the number of Preferred Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Rights,
the Right Certificates theretofore and thereafter issued may continue to express the Purchase Price and the number of Preferred Shares which were expressed in the initial Right Certificates issued hereunder. 

(k) Before taking any action that would cause an adjustment reducing the Purchase Price below the then par value of the Preferred Shares
issuable upon exercise of the Rights, the Company shall take any corporate action which may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and
non-assessable Preferred Shares at such adjusted Purchase Price. 

  
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 (l) If this Section 11 requires that an adjustment in the Purchase Price be made
effective as of a record date for a specified event, the Company may defer, until the occurrence of such event, issuing to the holder of any Right exercised after such record date Preferred Shares and other capital stock or securities of the
Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise over and above the Preferred Shares and other capital stock or securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise on the basis of the Purchase Price in effect prior to such adjustment;
provided, however, that the Company shall deliver to such holder a due bill or other appropriate instrument evidencing such holder’s right to receive such additional shares upon the occurrence of the event requiring adjustment.

 (m) Anything in this Section 11 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company shall be entitled to make such reductions in the
Purchase Price, in addition to those adjustments expressly required by this Section 11, as and to the extent that it in its sole discretion shall determine to be advisable in order that any (i) combination or subdivision of the Preferred
Shares, (ii) issuance wholly for cash of any Preferred Shares at less than the Current Per Share Market Price, (iii) issuance wholly for cash of Preferred Shares or securities which by their terms are convertible into or exchangeable for
Preferred Shares, (iv) dividends on Preferred Shares payable in Preferred Shares, or (v) issuance of any rights, options or warrants referred to in Section 11(b) made by the Company after the date of this Agreement to holders of its
Preferred Shares shall not be taxable to such stockholders. 
 (n) If, at any time after the date of this Agreement and prior to the
Distribution Date, the Company (i) declares or pays any dividend on the Common Shares payable in Common Shares or (ii) effects a subdivision, combination or consolidation of the Common Shares (by reclassification or otherwise other than by
payment of dividends in Common Shares) into a greater or lesser number of Common Shares, then in any such case (A) the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share purchasable after such event upon
exercise of each Right shall be determined by multiplying the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share so purchasable immediately prior to such event by a fraction, the numerator of which is the
number of Common Shares outstanding immediately before such event and the denominator of which is the number of Common Shares outstanding immediately after such event, and (B) each Common Share outstanding immediately after such event shall
have issued with respect to it that number of Rights which each Common Share outstanding immediately prior to such event had issued with respect to it. The adjustments provided for in this Section 11(n) shall be made successively whenever such
a dividend is declared or paid or such a subdivision, combination or consolidation is affected. 
 Section 12. Certificate of Adjustment.
Whenever an adjustment is made as provided in Sections 11 and 13, the Company shall promptly (a) prepare a certificate setting forth such adjustment and a reasonably detailed statement of the facts, computation, methodology and
accounting for such adjustment, (b) promptly file with the Rights Agent and with each transfer agent for the Common Shares or the Preferred Shares a copy of such certificate, and (c) if such adjustment occurs following a Distribution Date,
mail a brief summary thereof to each holder of a Right Certificate in accordance with Section 25. The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying on any such certificate and on any adjustment or statement therein contained and shall not be
obligated or responsible for calculating any adjustment, nor shall the Rights Agent be deemed to have knowledge of such an adjustment or any such event, unless and until it shall have received such certificate. 

  
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 Section 13. Consolidation, Merger, Sale or Transfer of Assets or Earning Power. 

(a) If, at any time after a Stock Acquisition Date: (i) the Company consolidates with, or merges with and into, any other Person;
(ii) any Person consolidates with the Company, or merges with and into the Company, and the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation of such merger and, in connection with such merger, all or part of the Common Shares are or will be
changed into or exchanged for stock or other securities of any other Person (or the Company) or cash or any other property; or (iii) the Company sells or otherwise transfers (or one or more of its Subsidiaries sell or otherwise transfer), in
one or more transactions, assets or earning power aggregating fifty percent (50%) or more of the assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any other Person other than the Company or one or more of its
wholly owned Subsidiaries, then proper provision shall be made so that (A) each holder of a Right (except as otherwise provided herein) shall thereafter have the right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at a price equal to the then current
Purchase Price multiplied by the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share for which a Right is then exercisable, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and in lieu of Preferred Shares, such
number of Common Shares of such other Person (including the Company as successor thereto or as the surviving corporation) as shall equal the result obtained by (1) multiplying the then current Purchase Price by the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share for which a Right is then exercisable and dividing that product by (2) fifty percent (50%) of the then Current Per Share Market Price of the Common Shares of such other
Person (determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) on the date of consummation of such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer, (B) the issuer of such Common Shares shall thereafter be liable for, and shall assume, by virtue of such
consolidation, merger, sale or transfer, all the obligations and duties of the Company pursuant to this Agreement, (C) the term “Company” shall thereafter be deemed to refer to such issuer, and (D) such issuer shall take steps
(including, but not limited to, the reservation of a sufficient number of shares of its common stock) in connection with such consummation as may be necessary to ensure that the provisions hereof shall thereafter be applicable in relation to the
Common Shares thereafter deliverable upon the exercise of the Rights. 
 (b) The Company shall not enter into any transaction of the kind
referred to in this Section 13 if, at the time of such transaction, there are any rights, warrants, instruments or securities outstanding or any agreements or arrangements which, as a result of the consummation of such transaction, would
eliminate or substantially diminish the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights. The provisions of this Section 13 shall apply to successive mergers or consolidations or sales or other transfers. 

Section 14. Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares. 

(a) The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Rights or to distribute Right Certificates which evidence fractional Rights. In
lieu of such fractional Rights, the Company may instead pay to the registered holders of the Right Certificates with regard to which such fractional Rights would otherwise be issuable an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current
market value of a whole Right. For the purposes of this Section 14(a), the current market value of a whole Right shall be the closing price of the Rights (as determined pursuant to the second sentence of Section 11(d)(i)) for the Trading
Day immediately prior to the date on which such fractional Rights would have been otherwise issuable. 

  
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 (b) The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Preferred Shares (other than
fractions which are integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share) upon exercise of the Rights or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional Preferred Shares (other than fractions
which are integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share). Fractions of Preferred Shares in integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share
may, at the election of the Company, be evidenced by depositary receipts, pursuant to an agreement between the Company and a depositary selected by the Company; provided, that such agreement shall provide that the holders of such depositary
receipts shall have all the rights, privileges and preferences to which they are entitled as Beneficial Owners of the Preferred Shares represented by such depositary receipts. In lieu of fractional Preferred Shares that are not integral multiples of
one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share, the Company shall pay to each registered holder of Right Certificates at the time such Rights are exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same
fraction of the current market value of one Preferred Share as the fraction of one Preferred Share that such holder would otherwise receive upon the exercise of the aggregate number of rights exercised by such holder. For the purposes of this
Section 14(b), the current market value of a Preferred Share shall be the closing price of a Preferred Share (pursuant to Section 11(d)(ii)) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of such exercise. 

(c) The closing price for any day shall be the last quoted price or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices as
reported by NASDAQ, or if on any such date the Rights or Preferred Shares, as applicable, are not listed on NASDAQ, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in the Rights or
Preferred Shares, as applicable, selected by the Board. If on any such date no such market maker is making a market in the Rights or Preferred Shares, as applicable, the fair value of the Rights or Preferred Shares, as applicable, on such date as
determined in good faith by the Board shall be used. 
 (d) The holder of a Right by the acceptance of the Right expressly waives any right
to receive fractional Rights or fractional shares upon exercise of a Right (except as provided in this Section 14). 
 (e) Whenever a
payment for fractional Rights or fractional shares is to be made by the Rights Agent under any section of this Agreement, the Company shall (i) promptly prepare and deliver to the Rights Agent a certificate setting forth in reasonable detail
the facts related to such payments and the prices and formulas utilized in calculating such payments, and (ii) provide sufficient monies to the Rights Agent in the form of fully collected funds to make such payments. The Rights Agent shall be
fully protected in relying upon such a certificate. The Rights Agent shall have no duty with respect to, and shall not be deemed to have knowledge of, any payment for fractional Rights or fractional shares under any section of this Agreement
relating to the payment of fractional Rights or fractional shares unless and until the Rights Agent shall have received such a certificate and sufficient monies. 

  
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 Section 15. Rights of Action. All rights of action in respect of this Agreement, excepting the
rights of action given to the Rights Agent under Section 18, are vested in the respective registered holders of the Right Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the registered holders of the Common Shares). Any registered holder of
any Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the registered holders of the Common Shares) may, without the consent of the Rights Agent or of the holder of any other Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the registered
holders of the Common Shares), on such holder’s own behalf and for such holder’s own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding against the Company to enforce, or otherwise act in respect of, such
holder’s right to exercise the Rights evidenced by such Right Certificate in the manner provided in such Right Certificate and in this Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing or any remedies available to the holders of Rights, it is
specifically acknowledged that the holders of Rights would not have an adequate remedy at law for any breach of this Agreement by the Company and will be entitled to specific performance of the obligations under, and injunctive relief against actual
or threatened violations of the obligations hereunder of the Company. 
 Section 16. Agreement of Right Holders. Every holder of a Right, by
accepting the same, consents and agrees with the Company and the Rights Agent and with every other holder of a Right that: 
 (a) prior to
the Distribution Date, the Rights will be transferable only in connection with the transfer of the Common Shares; 
 (b) after the
Distribution Date, the Right Certificates are transferable only on the registry books maintained by the Rights Agent if surrendered at the office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, duly endorsed or accompanied by a proper
instrument of transfer with the appropriate form of certification, properly completed and duly executed, accompanied by a signature guarantee and such other documentation as the Rights Agent may reasonably request; 

(c) the Company and the Rights Agent may deem and treat the Person in whose name the Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the
associated Common Shares certificate) is registered as the absolute owner thereof and of the Rights evidenced thereby (notwithstanding any notations of ownership or writing on the Right Certificates or the associated Common Shares certificate made
by anyone other than the Company or the Rights Agent) for all purposes whatsoever, and neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall be affected by any notice to the contrary; and 

(d) notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall have any liability to any holder
of a Right or other Person as a result of the inability of the Company or the Rights Agent to perform any of its or their obligations under this Agreement by reason of any preliminary or permanent injunction or other order, decree, judgment or
ruling issued by a court of competent jurisdiction or by a governmental, regulatory or administrative agency or commission, or any statute, rule, regulation or executive order promulgated or enacted by any governmental authority prohibiting or
otherwise restraining performance of such obligation. 

  
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 Section 17. Right Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder. No holder, as such, of any Right
Certificate shall be entitled to vote or receive dividends, or be deemed for any purpose the holder of the Preferred Shares or any other securities of the Company that may at any time be issuable on the exercise of the Rights represented thereby,
nor shall anything contained herein or in any Right Certificate be construed to confer upon the holder of any Right Certificate, as such, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the election of directors or upon
any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof, to give or withhold consent to any corporate action, to receive notice of meetings or other actions affecting stockholders (except as provided in Section 25), or to receive dividends
or subscription rights, or otherwise, until the Rights evidenced by such Right Certificate shall have been exercised in accordance with the provisions hereof. 

Section 18. Concerning the Rights Agent. The Company agrees to pay to the Rights Agent reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it
hereunder accordance with a fee schedule to be mutually agreed upon, and, from time to time, on demand of the Rights Agent, to reimburse the Rights Agent for all of its reasonable expenses and counsel fees and other disbursements incurred in the
preparation, delivery, negotiation, administration, execution and amendment, of this Agreement and the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder. The Company also covenants and agrees to indemnify the Rights Agent for, and to hold it harmless
against, any and all loss, liability, damage, judgment, fine, penalty, claim, demand, settlement, cost or expense (including, without limitation, the reasonable fees and expenses of legal counsel) that may be paid, incurred or suffered by it, or
which it may become subject, without gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Rights Agent (which gross negligence, bad faith, or willful misconduct must be determined by a final,
non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction), for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by the Rights Agent in connection with the execution, acceptance and, administration of,
exercise and performance of its duties under this Agreement, including the costs and expenses of defending against any claim or liability arising therefrom or in connection therewith, directly or indirectly. The provisions under this Section 18
and Section 20 below shall survive the expiration of the Rights and the termination of this Agreement and the resignation, replacement or removal of the Rights Agent. The reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Rights Agent in enforcing
this right of indemnification shall be paid by the Company. 
 The Rights Agent shall be fully authorized and protected and shall incur no
liability for or in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in connection with its acceptance and administration of this Agreement and the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder, in each case in reliance upon any Right
Certificate or certificate for Preferred Shares or for other securities of the Company, instrument of assignment or transfer, power of attorney, endorsement, affidavit, letter, notice, instruction, direction, consent, certificate, statement, or
other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to be signed, executed and, where necessary, verified or acknowledged by the proper Person or Persons, or otherwise upon the advice of counsel as set forth in Section 20. The Rights Agent
shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any event of which it was supposed to receive notice thereof hereunder, and the Rights Agent shall be fully protected and shall incur no liability for failing to take action in connection therewith, unless
and until it has received such notice in writing. 

  
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 Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, in no event will the Rights
Agent be liable for special, punitive, indirect, incidental or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Rights Agent has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and
regardless of the form of action. 
 Section 19. Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent. Any Person into which the Rights
Agent or any successor Rights Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated, or any Person resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent shall be a party, or any Person succeeding to
the stock transfer or other shareholder services business of the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent, shall be the successor to the Rights Agent under this Agreement without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part
of any of the parties hereto; provided that such Person would be eligible for appointment as a successor Rights Agent under the provisions of Section 21. The purchase of all or substantially all of the Rights Agent’s assets employed in the
performance of transfer agent activities shall be deemed a merger or consolidation for purposes of this Section 19. If, at the time such successor Rights Agent shall succeed to the agency created by this Agreement, any of the Right Certificates
shall have been countersigned but not delivered, any such successor Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature of the predecessor Rights Agent and deliver such Right Certificates so countersigned. If, at that time, any of the Right Certificates
shall not have been countersigned, any successor Rights Agent may countersign such Right Certificates either in the name of the predecessor Rights Agent or in the name of the successor Rights Agent. In all such cases such Right Certificates shall
have the full force provided in the Right Certificates and in this Agreement. 
 If, at any time, the name of the Rights Agent changes and
any of the Right Certificates have been countersigned but not delivered, the Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature under its prior name and deliver Right Certificates so countersigned. If, at that time, any of the Right Certificates have not
been countersigned, the Rights Agent may countersign such Right Certificates either in its prior name or in its changed name. In all such cases such Right Certificates shall have the full force provided in the Right Certificates and in this
Agreement. 
 Section 20. Rights and Duties of Rights Agent. The Rights Agent undertakes to perform only the duties and obligations expressly
set forth in this Agreement and no implied duties or obligations shall be read into this Agreement against the Rights Agent. The Rights Agent shall perform its duties and obligations hereunder upon the following terms and conditions, by all of which
the Company and the holders of Right Certificates, by their acceptance thereof, shall be bound: 
 (a) The Rights Agent may consult with
legal counsel (who may be legal counsel for the Company or an employee or legal counsel of the Rights Agent), and the advice or opinion of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection to the Rights Agent and the Rights Agent
shall incur no liability for or in respect of as to any action taken or omitted by it in the absence of bad faith and in accordance with such advice or opinion. 

  
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 (b) Whenever in the performance of its duties under this Agreement the Rights Agent shall
deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or matter be proved or established by the Company prior to taking, suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such fact or matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically
prescribed herein) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a certificate signed by a person reasonably believed by the Rights Agent to be any one of the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the General Counsel,
any Vice President or the Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Rights Agent, and such certificate shall be full authorization to the Rights Agent and the Rights Agent shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken, suffered
or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Agreement in reliance upon such certificate. The Rights Agent shall have no duty to act without such a certificate as set forth in this Section 20(b) and will not be liable for any delay
related thereto. 
 (c) The Rights Agent shall be liable only for its own gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct (which gross
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct must be determined by a final, non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction) in connection with its acceptance and administration of this Agreement
and the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, any liability of the Rights Agent under this Agreement will be limited to the amount of annual fees paid by the Company to the
Rights Agent during the twelve (12) months immediately preceding the event for which recovery from the Rights Agent is being sought. 

(d) The Rights Agent shall not be liable for or by reason of any of the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Agreement or in the
Right Certificates (except as to its countersignature thereof) or be required to verify the same. All such statements and recitals are and shall be deemed to have been made by the Company only. 

(e) The Rights Agent shall not have any liability for or be under any responsibility in respect of the validity of this Agreement or the
execution and delivery hereof (except the due execution hereof by the Rights Agent) or in respect of the legality or validity or execution of any Right Certificate (except its countersignature thereof); nor shall it be responsible for any
determination by the Board with respect to the Rights or breach by the Company of any covenant or failure by the Company to satisfy any condition contained in this Agreement or in any Right Certificate; nor shall it be liable or responsible for any
modification by or order of any court, tribunal or governmental authority in connection with the foregoing, any change in the exercisability of the Rights or any adjustment required under the provisions of Sections 11 or 13 or for the
manner, method or amount of any such adjustment or other calculation required hereunder or the ascertaining of the existence of facts that would require any such adjustment or calculation (except with respect to the exercise of Rights evidenced by
Right Certificates after receipt of a certificate furnished pursuant to Section 12 describing such adjustment); nor shall it by any act hereunder be deemed to make any representation or warranty as to the authorization or reservation of any
shares of Preferred Shares to be issued pursuant to this Agreement or any Right Certificate or as to whether any Preferred Shares will, when so issued, be validly authorized and issued, fully paid, and
non-assessable. 
 (f) The Company agrees that it will perform, execute, acknowledge and deliver, or
cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and delivered, all such further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may reasonably be required or reasonably requested by the Rights Agent for the carrying out or performing by the Rights Agent
of the provisions of this Agreement. 

  
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 (g) The Rights Agent is hereby authorized and directed to accept written instructions with
respect to the performance of its duties hereunder and certificates delivered pursuant to any provision hereof from any person reasonably believed by the Rights Agent to be from any one of the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer,
the General Counsel any Vice President or the Secretary of the Company, and to apply to such officers for advice or instructions in connection with its duties under this Agreement, and such advice or instructions shall provide full authorization and
protection to the Rights Agent, and the Rights Agent shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it in accordance with the written advice or instructions of any such officer or for any delay in acting while waiting
for these instructions. The Rights Agent shall be fully authorized and protected in relying upon the most recent advice or instructions received by any such officer. Any application by the Rights Agent for written instructions from the Company may,
at the option of the Rights Agent, set forth in writing any action proposed to be taken or omitted by the Rights Agent with respect to its duties or obligations under this Agreement. 

(h) The Rights Agent and any affiliate, stockholder, director, officer, agent, representative or employee of the Rights Agent may buy, sell or
deal in any of the Rights or other securities of the Company, or become pecuniarily interested in any transaction in which the Company may be interested, or contract with or lend money to the Company, or otherwise act as fully and freely as though
it were not the Rights Agent under this Agreement, in each case in compliance with applicable laws. Nothing herein shall preclude the Rights Agent and such other Persons from acting in any other capacity for the Company or for any other legal
entity. 
 (i) The Rights Agent may execute and exercise any of the rights or powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either
itself or by or through its attorneys or agents. The Rights Agent shall not be answerable or accountable for any act, omission, default, neglect, or misconduct of any such attorneys or agents or for any loss to the Company or any other Person
resulting from any such act, omission, default, neglect or misconduct, absent gross negligence or bad faith in the selection and continued employment of such attorneys or agents thereof (which gross negligence or bad faith must be determined by a
final, non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction). 
 (j) No provision of this
Agreement shall require the Rights Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of its rights if the Rights Agent believes that repayment of
such funds or adequate indemnification against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. 
 (k) The Rights Agent shall not be
required to take notice or be deemed to have notice of any fact, event or determination (including, without limitation, any dates or events defined in this Agreement or the designation of any Person as an Acquiring Person, an Affiliate or Associate
of an Acquiring Person or a Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert) under this Agreement unless and until the Rights Agent shall be specifically notified in writing by the Company of such fact, event or determination, and all notices or
other instruments required by this Agreement to be delivered to the Rights Agent must, in order to be effective, be received by the Rights Agent as specified in Section 26 hereof, and in the absence of such notice so delivered, the Rights Agent
may conclusively assume no such event or condition exists. 

  
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 (l) The Rights Agent shall have no responsibility to the Company or any holders of the Right
Certificates for interest or earnings on any moneys held by the Rights Agent pursuant to this Agreement. 
 Section 21. Change of Rights Agent.
The Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent may resign and be discharged from its duties under this Agreement upon thirty (30) days’ notice in writing mailed to the Company and, in the event that the Rights Agent or one of its
Affiliates is not also the transfer agent for the Company, to each transfer agent of the Common Shares and the Preferred Shares pursuant to Section 26. The Company may remove the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent upon thirty
(30) days’ notice in writing, mailed to the Rights Agent or successor Rights Agent, as the case may be, and to each transfer agent of the Common Shares and the Preferred Shares by registered or certified mail, and, after the Distribution
Date, to the holders of the Right Certificates by first class mail. In the event the transfer agency relationship in effect between the Company and the Rights Agent terminates, the Rights Agent will be deemed to have resigned automatically and be
discharged from its duties as Rights Agent under this Agreement as of the effective date of such termination, and the Company shall be responsible for sending any required notice. If the Rights Agent shall resign or be removed or shall otherwise
become incapable of acting, the Company shall appoint a successor to the Rights Agent. If the Company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of thirty (30) days after giving notice of such removal or after it has been notified in
writing of such resignation or incapacity by the resigning or incapacitated Rights Agent, then the incumbent Rights Agent or registered holder of any Right Certificate may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a new
Rights Agent. Any successor Rights Agent, whether appointed by the Company or by such a court, shall be (a) a Person (other than a natural person) organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or of any state of the United
States, in good standing, which is authorized under such laws to exercise stock transfer powers, is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority, and has, along with its Affiliates, at the time of its appointment as Rights
Agent a combined capital and surplus of at least $50 million or (b) an Affiliate of a Person described in clause (a) of this sentence. After appointment, the successor Rights Agent shall be vested with the same powers, rights, duties
and responsibilities as if it had been originally named as Rights Agent without further act or deed, and the predecessor Rights Agent shall deliver and transfer to the successor Rights Agent any property at the time held by it hereunder, and shall
execute and deliver any further assurance, conveyance, act or deed necessary for the purpose but such predecessor Rights Agent shall not be required to make any additional expenditure or assume any additional liability in connection with the
foregoing, and shall thereafter be discharged from all duties and obligations hereunder. Not later than the effective date of any such appointment the Company shall file notice thereof in writing with the predecessor Rights Agent and each transfer
agent of the Common Shares and the Preferred Shares, and, after the Distribution Date, mail a notice in writing to the registered holders of the Right Certificates. Failure to give any notice provided for in this Section 21, however, or any
defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of the resignation or removal of the Rights Agent or the appointment of the successor Rights Agent, as the case may be. 

  
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 Section 22. Issuance of New Right Certificates. Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this
Agreement or of the Right Certificates to the contrary, the Company may, at its option, issue new Right Certificates evidencing Rights in such form as may be approved by the Board to reflect any adjustment or change in the Purchase Price and the
number or kind or class of shares or other securities or property purchasable under the Right Certificates made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. In addition, in connection with the issuance or sale of Common Shares following the
Distribution Date and prior to the earlier of (a) the Early Expiration Date (if applicable), (b) the Final Expiration Date, (c) the Redemption Date, and (d) the time at which the Rights are exchanged as provided in
Section 24 hereof, the Company (i) shall, with respect to Common Shares so issued or sold pursuant to the exercise of stock options or under any employee benefit plan or arrangement, granted or awarded as of the Distribution Date, or upon
the exercise, conversion or exchange of securities hereinafter issued by the Company (except as may otherwise be provided in the instrument(s) governing such securities), and (ii) may, in any other case, if deemed necessary or appropriate by
the Board, issue Right Certificates representing the appropriate number of Rights in connection with such issuance or sale; provided, however, that (A) no such Right Certificate shall be issued if, and to the extent that, the
Company shall be advised by counsel that such issuance would create a significant risk of material adverse tax consequences to the Company or the Person to whom such Right Certificate would be issued, and (B) no such Right Certificate shall be
issued if, and to the extent that, appropriate adjustment shall otherwise have been made in lieu of the issuance thereof. 
 Section 23.
Redemption. 
 (a) The Board may, at its option, at any time prior to such time as any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, redeem all,
but not less than all, of the then outstanding Rights at a redemption price of $0.0001 per Right, appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring after the date hereof (the “Redemption
Price”). The redemption of the Rights by the Board may be made effective at such time, on such basis and subject to such conditions as the Board in its sole discretion may establish. 

(b) Immediately upon the time of the effectiveness of the redemption of the Rights or such earlier time as may be determined by the Board in
the action ordering such redemption (although not earlier than the time of such action) (the “Redemption Date”), and without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise the Rights shall terminate and the only
right thereafter of the holders of Rights shall be to receive the Redemption Price. The Company shall promptly give public notice of any such redemption (with prompt written notice to the Rights Agent); provided, however, that the
failure to give, or any defect in, any such notice shall not affect the validity of such redemption. Within ten (10) Business Days after action of the Board ordering the redemption of the Rights, the Company shall mail, or cause the Rights
Agent to mail (at the expense of the Company), a notice of redemption to the holders of the then outstanding Rights at their last addresses as they appear upon the registry books of the Rights Agent or, prior to the Distribution Date, on the
registry books of the transfer agent for the Common Shares. Any notice mailed in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice. If the payment of the Redemption Price is not included with such
notice, each such notice shall state the method by which the payment of the Redemption Price will be made. Neither the Company nor any of its Affiliates or Associates may redeem, acquire or purchase for value any Rights at any time in any manner
other than that specifically set forth in this Section 23 or in Section 24, other than in connection with the purchase of Common Shares prior to the Distribution Date. 

  
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 Section 24. Exchange. 

(a) The Board may, at its option, at any time after a Stock Acquisition Date, mandatorily exchange all or part of the then outstanding and
exercisable Rights (which excludes Rights held by an Excluded Person) for Common Shares at an exchange ratio of one Common Share per one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share represented by a Right,
appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring after the date hereof (the “Exchange Ratio”). From and after the occurrence of an event specified in Section 13(a), any rights
that theretofore have not been exchanged pursuant to this Section 24 shall thereafter be exercisable only in accordance with Section 13 and may not be exchanged pursuant to this Section 24. The exchange of the Rights by the Board may
be made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as the Board in its sole discretion may establish. 
 (b) Immediately
upon the action of the Board ordering the exchange of any Rights pursuant to Section 24(a), and without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise such Rights shall terminate and the only right thereafter of a holder of
such Rights shall be to receive that number of Common Shares equal to the number of such Rights held by such holder multiplied by the Exchange Ratio. The Company shall promptly give reasonably detailed written notice of any such exchange to the
Rights Agent, and shall promptly give public notice of any such exchange; provided, however, that the failure to give, or any defect in, any such notice shall not affect the validity of such exchange. Within ten (10) Business Days
after action by the Board ordering the exchange of any Rights pursuant to Section 24(a), the Company shall mail, or cause the Rights Agent to mail, a notice of any such exchange to the holders of such Rights at their last addresses as they
appear upon the registry books of the Rights Agent. Any notice mailed in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice. Each such notice of exchange will state the method by which the exchange of the
Common Shares for Rights will be effected and, in the event of any partial exchange, the number of Rights which will be exchanged. Any partial exchange shall be effected pro rata based on the number of Rights (other than Rights held by an
Excluded Person) held by each holder of Rights. 
 (c) In any exchange pursuant to this Section 24, the Company, at its option, may
substitute Preferred Shares or Common Stock Equivalents for Common Shares exchangeable for Rights, at the initial rate of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share (or an appropriate number of Common Stock
Equivalents) for each Common Share, as appropriately adjusted. 
 (d) If there shall not be sufficient Common Shares, Preferred Shares or
Common Stock Equivalents authorized but unissued to permit any exchange of Rights as contemplated in accordance with this Section 24, the Company shall take all such action as may be necessary to authorize additional Common Shares, Preferred
Shares or Common Stock Equivalents for issuance upon exchange of the Rights. 
 (e) The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of
Common Shares or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional Common Shares. In lieu of issuing fractional Common Shares, the Company may instead pay to the registered holders of the Right Certificates with regard to which such fractional
Common Shares would otherwise be issuable an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current per share market value of a whole Common Share. For the purposes of this Section 24(e), the current per share market value of a whole Common
Share shall be the closing price of a Common Share (as determined pursuant to the second sentence of Section 11(d)(i)) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of exchange pursuant to this Section 24. 

  
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 Section 25. Notice of Certain Events. 

(a) If the Company shall after the Distribution Date propose: (i) to pay any dividend payable in stock of any class to the holders of its
Preferred Shares or to make any other distribution to the holders of its Preferred Shares (other than a regular quarterly cash dividend); (ii) to offer to the holders of its Preferred Shares rights or warrants to subscribe for or to purchase
any additional Preferred Shares or shares of stock of any class or any other securities, rights or options; (iii) to effect any reclassification of its Preferred Shares (other than a reclassification involving only the subdivision of
outstanding Preferred Shares); (iv) to effect any consolidation or merger into or with any other Person, or to effect any sale or other transfer (or to permit one or more of its Subsidiaries to effect any sale or other transfer), in one or more
transactions, of fifty percent (50%) or more of the assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any other Person; (v) to effect the liquidation, dissolution or
winding-up of the Company; or (vi) to declare or pay any dividend on the Common Shares payable in Common Shares, or to effect a subdivision, combination or consolidation of the Common Shares (by
reclassification or otherwise than by payment of dividends in Common Shares), then, in each such case, the Company shall give to each holder of a Right Certificate and the Rights Agent, in accordance with Section 26, a reasonably detailed
notice of such proposed action, which shall specify the record date for the purposes of such stock dividend, or distribution of rights or warrants, or the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, liquidation,
dissolution or winding-up is to take place and the date of participation therein by the holders of the Common Shares or Preferred Shares or both, if any such date is to be fixed, and such notice shall be so
given in the case of any action covered by clause (i) or (ii) above at least ten (10) days prior to the record date for determining holders of the Preferred Shares for purposes of such action, and in the case of any such other action,
at least ten days prior to the date of the taking of such proposed action or the date of participation therein by the holders of the Common Shares or Preferred Shares or both, whichever shall be the earlier. 

(b) The Company shall, as soon as practicable after a Stock Acquisition Date, give to the Rights Agent and each holder of a Right Certificate,
in accordance with Section 26, a notice that describes the transaction in which the a Person became an Acquiring Person and the consequences of the transaction to holders of Rights under Section 11(a)(ii). 

Section 26. Notices. Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the Rights Agent or by the holder of any Right
Certificate to or on the Company shall be sufficiently given or made if in writing and when sent by overnight delivery service or first-class mail, postage prepaid, properly addressed (until another address is filed in writing with the Rights Agent)
as follows: 
 Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 

One Broadway, 14th Floor 

Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 

Attention:    Tim Surgenor, Secretary 

  
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 With a copy to (which copy shall not constitute notice): 

Paul Hastings, LLP 
 4747
Executive Drive, Twelfth Floor 
 San Diego, CA 92121 

Attention: Carl R. Sanchez 

Facsimile: (858) 458-3130 

Subject to the provisions of Section 21, any notice or demand authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the Company or by the holder of any
Right Certificate to or on the Rights Agent shall be deemed given upon receipt and shall be sufficiently given or made if in writing when sent by overnight delivery service or registered or certified mail properly addressed (until another address is
filed in writing with the Company) as follows: 
 Computershare Trust Company, N.A. 

250 Royall Street 
 Canton,
MA 02021 
 Attention: Client Services 

Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the Company or the Rights Agent to the holder of any Right Certificate shall be
sufficiently given or made if in writing, when sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed to such holder at the address of such holder as shown on the registry books of the Company. 

Section 27. Supplements and Amendments. The Company may from time to time, and the Rights Agent shall if the Company so directs in writing,
supplement or amend this Agreement without the approval of any holders of Right Certificates in order to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision contained herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provisions
herein, or to make any change to or delete any provision hereof or to adopt any other provisions with respect to the Rights which the Company may deem necessary or desirable; provided, however, that, from and after such time as any
Person becomes an Acquiring Person, this Agreement shall not be amended or supplemented in any manner which would adversely affect the interests of the holders of Rights (other than an Acquiring Person and its Affiliates and Associates and any other
Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert). For the avoidance of doubt, the Company shall be entitled to adopt and implement such procedures and arrangements (including with third parties) as it may deem necessary or desirable to facilitate
the exercise, exchange, trading, issuance or distribution of the Rights (and Preferred Shares) as contemplated hereby and to ensure that an Excluded Person does not obtain the benefits thereof, and amendments in respect of the foregoing shall not be
deemed to adversely affect the interests of the holders of Rights. Any supplement or amendment authorized by this Section 27 will be evidenced by a writing signed by the Company and the Rights Agent, subject to certification by any of the
officers of the Company listed in Section 20(b) that any such supplement or amendment complies with this Section 27. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Rights Agent shall not be required to execute any
supplement or amendment to this Agreement that it has reasonably determined would adversely affect its own rights, duties, obligations or immunities under this Agreement. No supplement or amendment to this Agreement shall be effective unless duly
executed by the Rights Agent. 

  
 - 30 - 













 Section 28. Successors. All the covenants and provisions of this Agreement by or for the benefit
of the Company or the Rights Agent shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns hereunder. 
 Section 29. Benefits
of this Agreement. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to give to any Person or entity other than the Company, the Rights Agent and the registered holders of the Right Certificates any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under
this Agreement. This Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Company, the Rights Agent and the registered holders of the Right Certificates. 

Section 30. Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or other
authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated; provided,
however, that if such excluded provision shall affect the rights, immunities, liabilities, duties or obligations of the Rights Agent, the Rights Agent shall be entitled to resign immediately upon written notice to the Company. 

Section 31. Governing Law. This Agreement and each Right Certificate issued hereunder shall be deemed to be a contract made under the laws of the
State of Delaware and for all purposes shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of such State applicable to contracts to be made and performed entirely within such State; provided, however, that all provisions
regarding the rights, duties, liabilities and obligations of the Rights Agent shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to contracts made and to be performed entirely within such State. 

Section 32. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be
deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. A signature to this Agreement transmitted electronically shall have the same authority, effect and enforceability as an original
signature. 
 Section 33. Descriptive Headings. Descriptive headings of the sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and
shall not control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof. 
 Section 34. Administration. Other than with respect
to rights, duties, obligations and immunities of the Rights Agent, the Board shall have the exclusive power and authority to administer and interpret the provisions of this Agreement and to exercise all rights and powers specifically granted to the
Board or the Company or as may be necessary or advisable in the administration of this Agreement. All such actions, calculations, determinations and interpretations which are done or made by the Board in good faith shall be final, conclusive and
binding on the Company, the Rights Agent, holders of the Rights and all other parties and shall not subject the Board to any liability to the holders of the Rights. The Rights Agent is entitled always to assume the Board acted in good faith and
shall be fully protected and incur no liability in reliance thereon. 

  
 - 31 - 













 Section 35. Force Majeure. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Rights
Agent shall not be liable for any delays or failures in performance resulting from acts beyond its reasonable control including, without limitation, acts of God, terrorist acts, shortage of supply, breakdowns or malfunctions, interruptions or
malfunction of any utilities, communications, or computer facilities, or loss of data due to power failures or mechanical difficulties with information storage or retrieval systems, labor difficulties, war, or civil unrest. 

Section 36. Process to Seek Exemption. Any Person who desires to effect any acquisition of securities that might, if consummated, result in such
Person becoming an Acquiring Person hereunder (a “Requesting Person”) may, prior to any such acquisition and in accordance with this Section 36, request that the Board grant an exemption with respect to such acquisition under
this Agreement so that such Person would be deemed to be an Exempt Person hereunder (an “Exemption Request”). An Exemption Request shall be in proper form and shall be delivered to the Company in accordance with the notice
provisions of Section 26 of this Agreement. The Exemption Request shall be deemed made upon confirmed receipt by the Secretary of the Company. To be in proper form, an Exemption Request shall set forth (a) the name and address of the
Requesting Person, (b) the number and percentage of Common Shares then Beneficially Owned by the Requesting Person, together with all Affiliates and Associates of the Requesting Person, and (c) a reasonably detailed description of the
transaction or transactions by which the Requesting Person would propose to acquire Beneficial Ownership of Common Shares aggregating 4.9% or more of the Common Shares then outstanding and the maximum number and percentage of Common Shares that
the Requesting Person proposes to acquire. The Board, or a duly constituted committee of independent directors, shall endeavor to make a determination whether to grant an exemption in response to an Exemption Request as promptly as practicable (and,
in any event, within twenty (20) Business Days) after receipt thereof; provided, that the failure of the Board (or any such committee) to make a determination within such period shall be deemed to constitute the denial by the Board of
the Exemption Request. The Requesting Person shall respond promptly to reasonable and appropriate requests for additional information from the Board and its advisors to assist the Board in making its determination. The Board, or a duly constituted
committee of independent directors, shall only grant an exemption in response to an Exemption Request if the Board determines in its sole and absolute discretion, or such committee determines in its sole and absolute discretion, that the acquisition
of Beneficial Ownership of Common Shares by the Requesting Person, considered alone or with other transactions (including past transactions or contemplated transactions), (i) will not jeopardize or endanger the Tax Benefits of the Company,
taking into account such facts and circumstances as the Board (or any such committee of independent directors) reasonably deems relevant or (ii) is otherwise in the best interests of the Company. Any exemption granted hereunder may be granted
in whole or in part, and may be subject to limitations or conditions (including a requirement that the Requesting Person agree that it will not acquire Beneficial Ownership of Common Shares in excess of the maximum number and percentage of shares
approved by the Board), in each case, as and to the extent the Board, or a duly constituted committee of independent directors, shall determine necessary or desirable to provide for the protection of the Tax Benefits or as is otherwise in the best
interests of the Company. The Exemption Request shall be considered and evaluated by the Board, or a duly constituted committee of independent directors, and the action of a majority of such directors (or such committee) shall be deemed to be the
determination of the Board for purposes of such Exemption Request. 
 [Signature Page Follows] 

  
 - 32 - 













 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of
the date first above written. 
  

			
	MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
		
	    By:	 	 /s/ Gary L. Crocker

		 	Name: Gary L. Crocker
		 	Title: President
	
	COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A.
		
	    By:	 	 /s/ Jeanine Caldwell

		 	Name: Jeanine Caldwell
		 	Title: VP, Relationship Management


  

  
 [Signature Page to
Section 382 Rights Agreement] 













 EXHIBIT A 

FORM OF 

CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATION 

OF 
 SERIES Z JUNIOR
PARTICIPATING PREFERRED STOCK 
 OF 

MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 

(Pursuant to Section 151 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware) 

In accordance with Section 151 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the undersigned corporation hereby certifies that the following
resolution was adopted by the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Corporation”) at a meeting duly called and held on November 22, 2019: 

RESOLVED, that pursuant to the authority granted to and vested in the Board in accordance with the provisions of the
Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended and as may be further amended from time to time (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), the Board hereby creates, as of and contingent with the Rights Agreement being
signed, a series of junior participating preferred stock of the Company to be designated “Series Z Junior Participating Preferred Stock” with a par value of $0.01 per share, and hereby states the designation and number of shares, and
fixes the designations and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof (in addition to the provisions set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation, which are applicable to the Preferred Stock of all classes and series): 

Section 1. Designation and Amount. The shares of this series shall be designated as Series Z Junior Participating Preferred Stock
(the “Series Z Junior Preferred Stock”), and the number of shares constituting the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock shall be 30,000. Such number of shares may be increased or decreased by resolution of the Board; provided,
that no decrease shall reduce the number of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock to a number less than the number of shares then outstanding plus the number of shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding options, rights or
warrants or upon the conversion of any outstanding securities issued by the Corporation convertible into Series Z Junior Preferred Stock. 

Section 2. Dividends and Distributions. 

(a) Subject to the rights of the holders of any shares of any series of Preferred Stock (or any other stock) ranking prior and superior to the
Series Z Junior Preferred Stock with respect to dividends, the holders of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board out of funds legally available for the purpose, quarterly
dividends payable in cash on the last day of March, June, September and December in each year (each such date a “Quarterly Dividend Payment Date”), commencing on the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date after the first issuance of
a share or fraction of a share of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock, in an amount (if any) per share (rounded to the nearest cent), subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, equal to 1,000 multiplied by the aggregate per


  
 - A-1 - 













 
share amount of all cash dividends, and 1,000 multiplied by the aggregate per share amount (payable in kind) of all non-cash dividends or other
distributions, other than a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), of the Corporation or a subdivision of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or
otherwise) declared on the Common Stock since the immediately preceding Quarterly Dividend Payment Date or, with respect to the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, since the first issuance of any share or fraction of a share of Series Z Junior
Preferred Stock. In the event the Corporation shall at any time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or effect a subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by
reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in each such case the amount to which holders of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock were
entitled immediately prior to such event under the preceding sentence shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the
denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event. 
 (b) The Corporation
shall declare a dividend or distribution on the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock as provided in paragraph (a) of this Section 2 immediately after it declares a dividend or distribution on the Common Stock (other than a dividend payable in
shares of Common Stock). 
 (c) Dividends due pursuant to paragraph (a) of this Section 2 shall begin to accrue and be cumulative
on outstanding shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock from the Quarterly Dividend Payment Date next preceding the date of issue of such shares, unless the date of issue of such shares is prior to the record date for the first Quarterly Dividend
Payment Date, in which case dividends on such shares shall begin to accrue from the date of issue of such shares, or unless the date of issue is a Quarterly Dividend Payment Date or is a date after the record date for the determination of holders of
shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock entitled to receive a quarterly dividend and before such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in either of which events such dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative from such Quarterly Dividend Payment
Date. Accrued but unpaid dividends shall not bear interest. Dividends paid on the shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock in an amount less than the total amount of such dividends at the time accrued and payable on such shares shall be allocated
pro rata on a share-by-share basis among all such shares at the time outstanding. The Board may fix a record date for the determination of holders of shares of Series Z
Junior Preferred Stock entitled to receive payment of a dividend or distribution declared thereon, which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for the payment thereof. 

Section 3. Voting Rights. The holders of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock shall have the following voting rights: 

(a) Subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, each share of Series Z Preferred Stock shall entitle the holder thereof
to 1,000 votes on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Corporation. In the event the Corporation shall at any time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or effect a


  
 - A-2 - 













 
subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or
lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in each such case the number of votes per share to which holders of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to such event shall be adjusted by multiplying such number by
a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event. 

(b) Except as otherwise provided herein, by the Certificate of Incorporation, including any other Certificate of Designation creating a series
of Preferred Stock or any similar stock, the bylaws of the Corporation or by applicable law, the holders of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock and the holders of shares of Common Stock and any other capital stock of the Corporation having
general voting rights shall vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders of the Corporation. 
 (c) Except
as set forth herein, or as otherwise required by law, holders of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock shall have no special voting rights and their consent shall not be required (except to the extent they are entitled to vote with holders of Common Stock
as set forth herein) for taking any corporate action. 
 Section 4. Certain Restrictions. 

(a) Whenever quarterly dividends or other dividends or distributions payable on the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock as provided in
Section 2 are in arrears, thereafter and until all accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions, whether or not declared, on shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock outstanding shall have been paid in full, the Corporation shall not: 

(i) declare or pay dividends, or make any other distributions, on any shares of stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon
liquidation, dissolution or winding-up) to the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock; 
 (ii) declare or
pay dividends, or make any other distributions, on any shares of stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up) with the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock,
except dividends paid ratably on the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock and all such parity stock on which dividends are payable or in arrears in proportion to the total amounts to which the holders of all such shares are then entitled; or 

(iii) redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration shares of any stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation,
dissolution or winding-up) to the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock, provided that the Corporation may at any time redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire shares of any such junior stock in exchange for shares of
any stock of the Corporation ranking junior (as to dividends and upon dissolution, liquidation or winding-up) to the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock. 

(b) The Corporation shall not permit any subsidiary of the Corporation to purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of stock
of the Corporation unless the Corporation could, under paragraph (a) of this Section 4, purchase or otherwise acquire such shares at such time and in such manner. 

  
 - A-3 - 













 Section 5. Reacquired Shares. Any shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock
purchased or otherwise acquired by the Corporation in any manner whatsoever shall be retired and canceled promptly after the acquisition thereof. The Corporation shall take all such actions as are necessary to cause all such shares to become
authorized but unissued shares of Preferred Stock that may be reissued as part of a new series of Preferred Stock subject to the conditions and restrictions on issuance set forth herein or in the Certificate of Incorporation, including any
Certificate of Designation creating a series of Preferred Stock or any similar stock, or as otherwise required by law. 
 Section 6.
Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding-Up. 
 (a) Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, voluntary or otherwise, no distribution shall be made to the holders of stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding-up) to the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock unless, prior thereto, the holders of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock shall have received an amount per share (the “Series Z Liquidation
Preference”), subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, equal to 1,000 multiplied by the aggregate amount to be distributed per share to holders of shares of Common Stock plus an amount equal to any accrued and
unpaid dividends. In the event the Corporation shall at any time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or effect a subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by
reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in each such case the aggregate amount to which holders of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred
Stock were entitled immediately prior to such event under the preceding sentence shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and
the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event. 
 (b) If there are
not sufficient assets available to permit payment in full of the Series Z Liquidation Preference and the liquidation preferences of all other classes and series of stock of the Corporation, if any, that rank on a parity with the Series Z Junior
Preferred Stock in respect thereof, then the assets available for such distribution shall be distributed ratably to the holders of the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock and the holders of such parity shares in proportion to their respective
liquidation preferences. 
 (c) Neither the merger nor consolidation of the Corporation into or with another entity nor the merger or
consolidation of any other entity into or with the Corporation shall be deemed to be a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation within the meaning of this Section 6. 

  
 - A-4 - 













 Section 7. Consolidation, Merger, Etc. If the Corporation shall enter into any
consolidation, merger, combination or other transaction in which the shares of Common Stock are exchanged for or changed into other stock or securities, cash and/or any other property, then in any such case each share of Series Z Junior Preferred
Stock shall at the same time be similarly exchanged or changed into an amount per share, subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, equal to 1,000 multiplied by the aggregate amount of stock, securities, cash and/or any
other property (payable in kind), as the case may be, into which or for which each share of Common Stock is changed or exchanged. In the event the Corporation shall at any time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of
Common Stock, or effect a subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of
Common Stock, then in each such case the amount set forth in the preceding sentence with respect to the exchange or change of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction, the numerator of
which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event. 

Section 8. Amendment. While any Series Z Junior Preferred Stock is issued and outstanding, the Certificate of Incorporation shall
not be amended in any manner, including in a merger or consolidation, which would alter, change or repeal the powers, preferences or special rights of the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock so as to affect them adversely without the affirmative vote of
the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class. 

Section 9. Rank. The Series Z Junior Preferred Stock shall rank, with respect to the payment of dividends and upon liquidation,
dissolution and winding-up, junior to all other series of Preferred Stock, unless the terms of any such series shall provide otherwise, and shall rank senior to the Common Stock as to such matters. 

  
 - A-5 - 













 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Certificate of Designation is executed on behalf of the
Corporation by its duly authorized officer this 3rd day of December, 2019. 
  

					
	MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
		
	By:	 	  

		 	Name: Gary L. Crocker
		 	Title: President



  
 - A-6 - 













 EXHIBIT B 

EXHIBIT B 

FORM OF RIGHT CERTIFICATE 
  

			
	Certificate No. R-                        	  	_________ Rights

 NOT EXERCISABLE AFTER THE FINAL EXPIRATION DATE (AS DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT) OR EARLIER IF REDEMPTION,
EXCHANGE OR TERMINATION OCCURS OR AS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT. THE RIGHTS ARE SUBJECT TO REDEMPTION AT $0.0001 PER RIGHT AND TO EXCHANGE ON THE TERMS SET FORTH IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT. UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, RIGHTS THAT
ARE OR WERE ACQUIRED OR BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY AN ACQUIRING PERSON OR ANY ASSOCIATES OR AFFILIATES THEREOF OR ANY OTHER PERSON WITH WHOM SUCH PERSON IS ACTING IN CONCERT (AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT), OR ANY SUBSEQUENT HOLDER OF
SUCH RIGHTS, MAY BECOME NULL AND VOID. 
 RIGHT CERTIFICATE 

MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 

This certifies that
                                        ,
or registered assigns, is the registered owner of the number of Rights set forth above, each of which entitles the owner thereof, subject to the terms, provisions and conditions of the Section 382 Rights Agreement (the “Rights
Agreement”), dated as of December 3, 2019, between Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., a federally chartered trust company, as Rights Agent
(or any successor rights agent) (the “Rights Agent”), as may be amended from time to time, to purchase from the Company at any time after the Distribution Date and prior to the Final Expiration Date or earlier under certain
circumstances set forth in the Rights Agreement, at the offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, or at the office of its successor as Rights Agent, one one-thousandth of a fully paid non-assessable share of Series Z Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Shares”), of the Company, at a purchase price of $18.00 per one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share (the “Purchase Price”), upon presentation and surrender of this Right Certificate with the Form of Election to Purchase properly completed and duly executed,
accompanied by such documentation as the Rights Agent may reasonably request. The number of Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate (and the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share which may be
purchased upon exercise hereof) set forth above, and the Purchase Price set forth above, are the number and Purchase Price as of December 3, 2019, based on the Preferred Shares as constituted at such date. As provided in the Rights Agreement,
the Purchase Price and the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share which may be purchased upon the exercise of the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate are subject to modification and
adjustment upon the happening of certain events. 

  
 - B-1 - 













 From and after the occurrence of a Stock Acquisition Date, if the Rights evidenced by this
Right Certificate are or were acquired or Beneficially Owned by an Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert, such Rights shall become void, and any holder of such
Rights shall thereafter have no right to exercise such Rights. 
 Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the
meaning ascribed to such terms in the Rights Agreement. This Right Certificate is subject to all of the terms, provisions and conditions of the Rights Agreement, which terms, provisions and conditions are incorporated herein by this reference and
made a part hereof, and to which Rights Agreement reference is made for a full description of the rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities hereunder of the Rights Agent, the Company and the holders of the Right Certificates.
Copies of the Rights Agreement are on file at the principal executive offices of the Company and the office of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose. 

This Right Certificate, with or without other Right Certificates, upon surrender at the office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for
such purpose, accompanied by such documentation as the Rights Agent may reasonably request, may be exchanged for another Right Certificate or Right Certificates of like tenor and date evidencing Rights entitling the holder to purchase a like
aggregate number of Preferred Shares as the Rights evidenced by the Right Certificate or Right Certificates surrendered shall have entitled such holder to purchase. If this Right Certificate shall be exercised in part, the holder shall be entitled
to receive upon surrender hereof another Right Certificate or Right Certificates for the number of whole Rights not exercised. 
 Subject to
the provisions of the Rights Agreement, at the Company’s option, the Rights evidenced by this Certificate (i) may be redeemed by the Company at a redemption price of $0.0001 per Right or (ii) may be exchanged in whole or in part
for shares of the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, Preferred Shares, cash, debt securities or other assets, property or instruments. 

No fractional Preferred Shares will be issued upon the exercise of any Right or Rights evidenced hereby (other than fractions which are
integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share, which may, at the election of the Company, be evidenced by depositary receipts), but in lieu thereof a cash payment will be made, as provided in
the Rights Agreement. 
 From and after the time any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, if the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate
are beneficially owned by (i) an Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert, (ii) a transferee of any such Person described in clause (i), or
(ii) under certain circumstances specified in the Rights Agreement, a transferee of any such Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert, who becomes a transferee
prior to or concurrently with the Acquiring Person becoming such, such Rights shall become null and void without any further action and no holder hereof shall have any right with respect to such Rights from and after the time any Person becomes an
Acquiring Person. 

  
 - B-2 - 













 In certain circumstances described in the Rights Agreement, the Rights evidenced hereby may
entitle the registered holder thereof to purchase securities of an entity other than the Company or securities of the Company other than Preferred Stock or assets of the Company, all as provided in the Rights Agreement. 

No holder of this Right Certificate, as such, shall be entitled to vote or receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of the
Preferred Shares or of any other securities of the Company which may at any time be issuable on the exercise or exchange hereof, nor shall anything contained in the Rights Agreement or herein be construed to confer upon the holder hereof, as such,
any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof, or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action, or to receive notice of
meetings or other actions affecting stockholders (except as provided in the Rights Agreement), or to receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, until the Right or Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate shall have been exercised or
exchanged as provided in the Rights Agreement. 
 This Right Certificate shall not be valid or obligatory for any purpose until it shall
have been countersigned by the Rights Agent. 

  
 - B-3 - 













 WITNESS the facsimile signature of the proper officers of the Company and its corporate
seal. 
  

									
	Date:	 	
                     
        
	 		 		 	


									
				
	ATTEST:	 		 		 	MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
				
	
                 
	 		 		 	
	Name:	 		 		 	By:	 	
                     
    

	Title:	 		 		 		 	 Name:

		 		 		 		 	 Title:

	Countersigned:	 		 		 	
				
	COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A., as Rights Agent	 		 		 	


									
					
	By:	 	
                     
        
	 		 		 	
		 	Name:	 		 		 	
		 	Title:	 		 		 	


  
 - B-4 - 













 [Form of Reverse Side of Right Certificate] 

FORM OF ASSIGNMENT 

(To be executed by the registered holder if such holder desires to transfer the Right Certificate.) 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED,
                                         
                                         
                           hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto 

 
  
  

 
 (Please print name and address of
transferee) 
 this Right Certificate, together with all right, title and interest therein, and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint
                                         
       , Attorney, to transfer the within Right Certificate on the books of the within-named Company, with full power of substitution. 
  

			
	Date: __________________	  	 Signature


 Signature Guaranteed: 

Signatures must be guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution (bank, stock broker or savings and loan association with membership in an
approved signature medallion program). 
  
  

(To be completed if true) 
 The
undersigned hereby certifies that the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate are not Beneficially Owned by, were not acquired by the undersigned from and are not being assigned to an Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring
Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert. 
  

	
	  
 Signature



 NOTICE 

In the event the certification set forth above is not completed in connection with a purported assignment, the Company will deem the
Beneficial Owner of the Rights evidenced by the enclosed Right Certificate to be an Acquiring Person or a transferee of an Acquiring Person and accordingly will deem the Rights evidenced by such Right Certificate to be null and void and not
transferable or exercisable. 

  
 - B-5 - 













 [To be attached to each Right Certificate] 

FORM OF ELECTION TO EXERCISE 

(To be executed if holder desires to exercise the Right Certificate.) 

TO MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.: 
 The
undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise
                                         
                Rights represented by this Right Certificate to purchase the Preferred Shares issuable upon the exercise of such Rights and requests that certificates for
such Preferred Shares be issued in the name of: 
 Please insert Social Security or other identifying 

number:
                                         
                                         
          . 
 Please print name and address: 

 
  

                          
                                         
                                         
                                         
                                         
                                         
             . 
 If such number of Rights shall not be all the Rights evidenced by this
Right Certificate, a new Right Certificate for the balance remaining of such Rights shall be registered in the name of and delivered to: 
 Please insert
Social Security or other identifying 
 number:
                                         
                                         
                  . 
 Please print name and address: 

 
  

                          
                                         
                                         
                                         
                                         
                                         
             . 
  

			
	Date: _______________ ____, ______	  	  
 Signature


 (Signature must conform to the holder specified on the Right Certificate) 

Signature Guaranteed: 
 Signatures must be
guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution (bank, stock broker or savings and loan association with membership in an approved signature medallion program). 

  
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(To be completed if true) 
 The
undersigned hereby certifies that the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate are not Beneficially Owned by, were not acquired by the undersigned from and are not being assigned to an Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring
Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert. 
  

	
	  
 Signature



 NOTICE 

In the event the certification set forth above is not completed in connection with a purported assignment, the Company will deem the
Beneficial Owner of the Rights evidenced by the enclosed Right Certificate to be an Acquiring Person or a transferee of an Acquiring Person and accordingly will deem the Rights evidenced by such Right Certificate to be null and void and not
transferable or exercisable.  

  
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 EXHIBIT C 

MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 

SUMMARY OF RIGHTS TO PURCHASE 

PREFERRED SHARES 
 UNDER
CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, RIGHTS THAT ARE OR WERE ACQUIRED OR BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY AN ACQUIRING PERSON, AN ASSOCIATE OR AFFILIATE OF AN ACQUIRING PERSON OR ANY PERSON WITH WHOM SUCH PERSON IS ACTING IN CONCERT (AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS
AGREEMENT), OR ANY SUBSEQUENT HOLDER OF SUCH RIGHTS, MAY BECOME NULL AND VOID. 
 On December 3, 2019, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) entered into a Section 382 Rights Agreement (the “Rights Agreement”), between the Company and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., a federally chartered trust company, as
Rights Agent. Pursuant to the Rights Agreement, the Company will issue a dividend of one preferred share purchase right (a “Right”) for each share of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common
Shares”) payable on December 13, 2019 (the “Record Date”) to the stockholders of record on that date. Each Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one
one-thousandth of a share of Series Z Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Shares”), of the Company, at a price of $18.00 per one
one-thousandth of a Preferred Share represented by a Right (the “Purchase Price”), subject to adjustment. The description and terms of the Rights are set forth in the Rights Agreement.
Capitalized terms used but not defined in this summary have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Rights Agreement. 
 Until the
earlier of (i) the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following a public announcement that a Person or group of Affiliated or Associated Persons has acquired Beneficial Ownership of 4.9% or more of the outstanding Common Shares
(an “Acquiring Person”) (or, in the event an exchange is effected in accordance with Section 24 of the Rights Agreement and the Board determines that a later date is advisable, then such later date) or (ii) the close of
business on the tenth business day (or such later date as may be determined by action of the Board prior to such time as any Person becomes an Acquiring Person) following the commencement of a tender offer or exchange offer the consummation of which
would result in the Beneficial Ownership by a Person or group of 4.9% or more of the outstanding Common Shares (the earlier of such dates described in clauses (i) and (ii), the “Distribution Date”), the Rights will be
evidenced, with respect to any of the Common Share certificates outstanding as of the Record Date, by such Common Share certificate with a copy of this Summary of Rights attached thereto (unless such Rights are recorded in book entry). 

A Person shall not be deemed to be an Acquiring Person if such Person, at the time of the first public announcement of the Rights Agreement,
is a Beneficial Owner of 4.9% or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding (a “Grandfathered Stockholder”); provided, however, that if a Grandfathered Stockholder increases its Beneficial Ownership
of the 

  
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Common Shares of the Company as of any date on or after the date of the public announcement of this Agreement, then such Grandfathered Stockholder shall no longer be deemed to be a Grandfathered
Stockholder unless, upon such acquisition of Beneficial Ownership of additional Common Shares of the Company, such Person is not then the Beneficial Owner of 4.9% or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding; provided,
further, that upon the first decrease of a Grandfathered Stockholder’s Beneficial Ownership below 4.9% of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding, such Grandfathered Stockholder shall no longer be deemed to be a
Grandfathered Stockholder and this proviso shall have no further force or effect with respect to such Person. 
 In general,
“Beneficial Ownership” shall include any securities such Person, or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates (i) would be deemed to actually or constructively own for purposes of Section 382 of the Code and the
regulations promulgated thereunder, (to the extent ownership of such securities would be attributed to such Persons under Section 382 of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder), or (ii) which are directly or indirectly
beneficially owned by any other Person with whom such Person has any agreement, arrangement or understanding, whether or not in writing, for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of any securities of the Company or cooperating in
obtaining, changing or influencing the control of the Company; provided, that the effect of such agreement, arrangement or understanding is to treat such Person as an “entity” under
Section 1.382-3(a)(1) of the Department of Treasury regulations. 
 The Rights Agreement
provides that, until the Distribution Date, the Rights will be transferred with and only with the Common Shares. Until the Distribution Date (or earlier redemption or expiration of the Rights), new Common Share certificates issued after the Record
Date or upon transfer or new issuance of Common Shares will contain a notation incorporating the Rights Agreement by reference. Until the Distribution Date (or earlier redemption or expiration of the Rights), the surrender for transfer of any
certificates for Common Shares outstanding as of the Record Date, even without such notation or a copy of this Summary of Rights being attached thereto, will also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with the Common Shares represented by
such certificate. As soon as practicable following the Distribution Date, separate certificates evidencing the Rights (“Right Certificates”) will be mailed to holders of record of the Common Shares as of the close of business on the
Distribution Date, and such separate Right Certificates alone will evidence the Rights (unless such Rights are recorded in book entry). 

The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date. The Rights will expire on the earlier of (i) the Close of Business on December 2,
2022, (ii) the close of business on the date that the Board determines that (A) the Rights Agreement is no longer necessary or desirable for the preservation of the Tax Benefits or (B) the Tax Benefits have been fully utilized and may no longer be
carried forward, (iii) the time at which the Rights are redeemed, (iv) the time at which the Rights are exchanged, and (v) if the Rights Agreement has not been approved by the stockholders prior to the conclusion of the Company’s 2020 annual
meeting, the Close of Business on such date. 
 The Purchase Price payable, and the number of Preferred Shares or other securities or
property issuable, upon exercise of the Rights is subject to adjustment from time to time to prevent dilution (i) in the event of a stock dividend on the Preferred Shares payable in Preferred Shares or a subdivision or combination of the
Preferred Shares, (ii) upon the grant to holders of the Preferred Shares of certain rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase Preferred Shares at 

  
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a price, or securities convertible into Preferred Shares with a conversion price, less than the then current market price of the Preferred Shares, or (iii) upon the distribution to holders
of the Preferred Shares of evidences of indebtedness or assets (excluding regular periodic cash dividends paid out of earnings or retained earnings or dividends payable in Preferred Shares) or of subscription rights or warrants (other than those
referred to above). 
 The number of outstanding Rights and the number of Preferred Shares issuable upon exercise of each Right are also
subject to adjustment in the event of a stock split of the Common Shares or a stock dividend on the Common Shares payable in Common Shares or subdivisions, consolidations or combinations of the Common Shares occurring, in any such case, prior to the
Distribution Date. 
 Preferred Shares purchasable upon exercise of the Rights will not be redeemable. Each Preferred Share will be entitled
to a quarterly dividend payment of 1,000 multiplied by the dividend declared per Common Share. In the event of liquidation, the holders of the Preferred Shares will be entitled to a payment per share equal to 1,000 multiplied by the
aggregate payment made per Common Share. Each Preferred Share will have 1,000 votes, voting together with the Common Shares. In the event of any merger, consolidation or other transaction in which Common Shares are exchanged, each Preferred
Share will be entitled to receive 1,000 multiplied by the amount received per Common Share. 
 Because of the nature of the dividend,
liquidation and voting rights of the Preferred Shares, the value of the one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share purchasable upon exercise of each Right should approximate the value of one Common Share. 

From and after the time any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, if the Rights evidenced by a Right Certificate are or were acquired or
Beneficially Owned by an Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert, such Rights shall become void, and any holder of such Rights shall thereafter have no right to
exercise such Rights. 
 If any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, proper provision shall be made so that each holder of a Right, other
than Rights Beneficially Owned by the Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of the Acquiring Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert (all of which will thereafter be void), will thereafter have the right to receive upon
exercise that number of Common Shares having a market value of two times the Purchase Price of the Right. If the Board so elects, the Company shall deliver upon payment of the Purchase Price of a Right an amount of cash or securities equivalent in
value to the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of a Right. 
 If, at any time after a Person becomes an Acquiring Person, the Company is
acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction or 50% or more of its consolidated assets or earning power are sold, proper provision will be made so that each holder of a Right will thereafter have the right to receive, upon the
exercise thereof at the then current Purchase Price of the Right, that number of shares of common stock of the acquiring company which at the time of such transaction will have a market value of two times the Purchase Price of the Right. 

  
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 At any time after any Person becomes an Acquiring Person and prior to the acquisition by any
Person or group of a majority of the outstanding Common Shares, the Board may exchange the Rights (other than Rights owned by such Person or group which have become void), in whole or in part, at an exchange ratio of one Common Share per Right
(subject to adjustment). The exchange of the Rights by the Board may be made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as the Board in its sole discretion may establish. 

With certain exceptions, no adjustment in the Purchase Price will be required until cumulative adjustments require an adjustment of at
least 1% in such Purchase Price. No fractional Preferred Shares will be issued (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share, which may, at the election of
the Company, be evidenced by depositary receipts), and in lieu thereof, an adjustment in cash will be made based on the market price of the Preferred Shares on the last trading day prior to the date of exercise. 

At any time prior to the time any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, the Board may redeem the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of
$0.0001 per Right (the “Redemption Price”). The redemption of the Rights may be made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as the Board in its sole discretion may establish. Immediately upon any
redemption of the Rights, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only right of the holders of Rights will be to receive the Redemption Price. 

The terms of the Rights may be amended by the Board without the consent of the holders of the Rights. However, from and after such time as any
Person becomes an Acquiring Person, the Rights Agreement shall not be amended or supplemented in any manner which would adversely affect the interests of the holders of Rights (other than an Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of an
Acquiring Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert). 
 Until a Right is exercised, the holder thereof, as such, will
have no rights as a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right to vote or to receive dividends. 
 A copy of the
Rights Agreement has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an Exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K. A copy of the Rights Agreement is available free of charge from the Company. This
summary description of the Rights does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Rights Agreement, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 

  
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