UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS

NO. 05-0355

ANGEL VAZQUEZ-FLORES, APPELLANT,

V.

JAMES B. PEAKE, M.D.,

SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, APPELLEE.

Before GREENE, Chief Judge, and KASOLD and HAGEL, Judges.

O R D E R

On February 21, 2008, the Secretary filed a motion to stay the precedential effect of the

Court's decision in Vazquez-Flores v. Peake, __ Vet.App. __, No. 03-0355 (Jan. 30, 2008), "until

final judicial resolution of the issues presented." Secretary's Motion (Mot.) at 1. The Secretary

contends that the precedential effect of the decision should be stayed because (1) there is a strong

likelihood of success of his pending motion for reconsideration, or in a subsequent appeal if that

motion is denied, (2) VA would suffer irreparable harm in the absence of a stay, (3) the nonmoving

party would not be adversely affected by a stay, and (4) the public interest favors granting the stay.

Mr. Vazquez-Flores is opposed to the motion. For the reasons stated below, the motion will be

denied.

I. BACKGROUND

There is no dispute that 38 U.S.C. § 5103(a) requires the Secretary to notify claimants upon

receipt of a complete or substantially complete claim, what, if any, information or evidence is

necessary to substantiate the claim, and who should provide it. See U.S.C. § 5103(a); Mayfield v.

Nicholson, 20 Vet.App. 537, 540 (2006). The underlying Vazquez-Flores decision defined the scope

of the notice required by section 5103(a) when the claim is one for increased disability

compensation. See Vazquez-Flores, __ Vet.App. at __, slip op. at 5-6. One aspect of the required

notice forms the basis of the Secretary's requested stay and his related motions for reconsideration

or en banc consideration. Specifically in contention is the requirement that when "the [diagnostic

code (DC)] under which the claimant is rated contains criteria necessary for entitlement to a higher

disability rating that would not be satisfied by the claimant demonstrating a noticeable worsening

or increase in severity of the disability and the effect of that worsening . . . on the claimant's

employment and daily life (such as a specific measurement or test result), the Secretary must provide

at least general notice of that requirement to the claimant." Id. at __, slip op. at 6.
 In all increased-compensation claims the claimant should be notified (1) to provide evidence that his disability 1

has worsened and what impact that has had on his occupation and life, (2) that the disability rating would be based on

application of the relevant DC to his condition, and (3) of examples of the types of medical and lay evidence that might

be submitted. See Vazquez-Flores, __ Vet.App. at __, slip op. at 5-6. This generic notice requirement is not disputed.

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II. ANALYSIS

As we held in Ribaudo, the Secretary, as the moving party herein, has the burden of

demonstrating that a stay is warranted. See Ribaudo v. Nicholson, 21 Vet.App. 137, 140 (2007) (per

curiam order). Although there are essentially four key factors for consideration, as laid out below,

whether a stay is appropriate depends on the totality of the circumstances. Id. at 140-41. Although

the Secretary addresses the appropriate criteria for evaluating whether a stay should be granted, his

analysis is faulty, and the totality of the circumstances do not favor a stay in this instance.

A. Likelihood of Success

The Secretary's argument that he has a strong likelihood of success on the merits on

reconsideration or appeal is premised on a misunderstanding, indeed a misreading of the holding of

Vazquez-Flores. Specifically, the Secretary asserts that providing notice in increased-compensation

claims of criteria contained in the DCs, including specific information regarding diagnostic tests and

measurements, would require him to make predecisional adjudications in order to ascertain the

individualized notice required. However, nothing in Vazquez-Flores can or should be read to require

any predecisional adjudication. 

An increased disability compensation claim is one in which the underlying disability has

been service connected and in which the disability has previously been evaluated under certain,

discrete diagnostic codes assigned by the Secretary during the initial adjudication. See Francisco

v. Brown, 7 Vet.App. 55, 58 (1994) (noting that in an increased-rating claim entitlement to

compensation has already been established). Thus, the Vazquez-Flores requirement that the

Secretary notify an increased-compensation claimant of the criteria necessary for a higher rating

contained in a previously assigned or cross-referenced DC – when that criteria would not be satisfied

by the claimant demonstrating that his disability generally has worsened or adversely affected his

occupation and life – does not necessitate an adjudication of the claim prior to providing notice. 1

Rather, what Vazquez-Flores requires is a review of the previously assigned DC and

disability rating, and a common-sense assessment whether the criteria for a higher rating under the

assigned or a cross-referenced DC includes criteria "that would not be satisfied by the claimant

demonstrating a noticeable worsening or increase in severity of the disability and the effect of that

worsening . . . on the claimant's employment and daily life (such as a specific measurement or test
 In the underlying merits case, Mr. Vazquez-Flores was assigned a 30% disability rating for nephrolithiasis 2

under DC 7508. See 38 C.F.R. § 4.115b, DC 7508. The Court noted that DC 7508 provides only a 30% disability rating

but explicitly cross-referenced hydronephrosis (38 C.F.R. § 4.115b, DC 7509) as the applicable DC (except for recurrent

stone formation requiring therapy or medical procedures). Further, although DC 7509 also provides only a maximum

30% disability rating, it notes that severe hydronephrosis should be rated as renal dysfunction under 38 C.F.R. § 4.115a,

which provides up to a 100% disability rating. Thus, the only way Mr. Vazquez-Flores could be assigned a schedular

rating higher than 30% is if his condition warranted a rating under § 4.115a. 

Moreover, the underlying opinion notes that some of the criteria needed to support a higher disability rating

under § 4.115a are beyond the obvious effects of one's worsening disability and its affect on occupation and life, such

as the fact that hypertension rated at 40% warrants a 60% rating for renal dysfunction. Id. at __, slip op. at 10-11.

Because notice to submit evidence that one's nephrolithiasis had worsened or increased in severity and how it has

affected one's occupation and life provides no notice with regard to the fact that a higher rating might be authorized for

nephrolithiasis under § 4.115a, (e.g., a 60% rating is authorized for renal dysfunction with hypertension rated at 40%),

the Court held that section 5103(a) requires that the Secretary notify Mr. Vazquez-Flores of the specific criteria necessary

to be awarded the higher ratings. Id. This assessment requires nothing other than knowledge of the assigned DC and

a review of the criteria for a higher schedular rating so that the veteran can be notified of the information and evidence

necessary to substantiate his claim for increased compensation and participate in securing the correct award in the initial

adjudication of his claim. See 38 U.S.C. § 5103(a); Mayfield v. Nicholson, 444 F.3d 1328, 1333 (Fed. Cir. 2006); 146

CONG. REC. S9212-13.

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result)." See Vazquez-Flores, __ Vet.App. at __, slip op. at 6. If it does, then general notice of that

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criteria must be provided to the claimant. 

Indeed, in the absence of such notice, the claimant would be unaware that such evidence was

crucial to being awarded a higher rating, a result wholly contrary to the stated purpose of section

5103(a). See Mayfield v. Nicholson, 444 F.3d 1328, 1333 (Fed. Cir. 2006) ("The purpose of the

statute and the corresponding regulation is to require that the VA provide affirmative notification

to the claimant prior to the initial decision in the case as to the evidence that is needed and who shall

be responsible for providing it."); 146 CONG. REC. S9212-13 (Sept. 25, 2000) (statement of Sen.

Rockefeller) (notice is intended to ensure that claim is "developed properly the first time the veteran

submits an application for benefits" such that it will "lead to expedited decision making and higher

satisfaction in the process"). Moreover, the concept of individually tailored notice in limited

situations is not new. See, e.g., Dingess v. Nicholson, 19 Vet.App. 473, 498 (2006) (holding that

the "content of such notice must be defined by a reasonable and liberal reading of the application

actually filed"); Kent v. Nicholson, 20 Vet.App. 1, 10 (2006) (holding that, for claims to reopen,

notice must be provided as to "what evidence would be necessary to substantiate that element or

elements ... were found insufficient in the previous denial"); Hupp v. Nicholson, 21 Vet.App. 342,

352-53 (2007) (holding that, in dependency and indemnity compensation claims, compliant section

5103(a) notice "must be responsive to the particular application submitted").

Thus, in this instance, the Secretary's contention that he has to pre-adjudicate increasedcompensation claims is without merit and fails to raise a "'serious, substantial, difficult and doubtful

[issue, so] as to make [it] a fair ground for litigation and thus for more deliberate investigation,'" see

Ribaudo, 21 Vet.App. at 141 (quoting Hamilton Watch Co. v. Benrus Watch Co., 206 F.2d 738, 740

(2d Cir. 1953)), and his argument therefore has little likelihood of success.
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B. Irreparable Harm to the Secretary

The Secretary's contention that he will suffer irreparable harm is premised, in part, on his

understanding that he will have to review what he asserts to be more than 140,000 cases that are now

on appeal before the Board or in various stages of administrative appeal that might generate a

significant administrative burden due to the number of remands that would be required. However,

other than the asserted number of increased-compensation claims on appeal, the Secretary's

contention is not supported by any evidence or convincing explanation. As noted above, the

Secretary's concern that he has to pre-adjudicate all increased-compensation claims is without merit.

Moreover, the Vazquez-Flores decision does not mandate remand by the Board during the

administrative appellate process in every increased-compensation claim. Remand would only be

required in those cases where the notice provided was inadequate and not otherwise shown to be

non-prejudicial. See Vazquez-Flores, __ Vet.App. at __, slip op. at 8-10; see also Medrano v.

Nicholson, 21 Vet.App. 165, 170-71 (2007) (Board is not prohibited from evaluating for harmless

error, however, the Court gives no deference to any such evaluation, which is subject to the Court's

de novo review).

Every case on appeal to the Board must be reviewed for compliance with the law, which

includes, if presented by the record, compliance with notice requirements, see 38 U.S.C. § 7104(a)

(decisions of the Board to be based, inter alia, on all "applicable provisions of law and regulation"),

and remanded for error, unless the error is shown to be non-prejudicial, see 38 U.S.C. § 7261(b)(2)

(Court shall "take due account of the rule of prejudicial error"); Sanders v. Nicholson, 487 F.3d 881,

891 (Fed. Cir. 2007) (VCAA notice error is presumed prejudicial); see also Newhouse v. Nicholson,

497 F.3d 1298, 1301 (Fed. Cir. 2007) (stating "that the Veterans Court was required to examine

whether any errors by VA were prejudicial and that it must do so based on the administrative

record"). Compare Charles v. Principi, 16 Vet.App. 370, 373-74 (2002) (Board should provide

adequate statement of reasons or bases on findings with regard to notice), with Overton, 20 Vet.App.

427, 437 (2006) ("[A] discussion of the notice requirements of section 5103(a) and § 3.159(b) may

not be required in every case."). Thus, the Vazquez-Flores decision added no additional burden with

regard to the review that the Board is required to perform. Furthermore, there is no dispute with the

general notice requirements laid out in Vazquez-Flores for all increased-compensation claims, and

the Secretary presents no evidence with regard to the number of claims on appeal at the Board that

might involve those few DCs that contain specific measurements or test results necessary for

assignment of a higher rating, and for which generic notice is inadequate and not shown to be nonprejudicial. 

The Secretary also states that there are 152,888 completed claims and 235,105 pending

claims that "may involve a claim for increased compensation." Mot. at 7 (emphasis added). The

Secretary's contention as to the number of claims that Vazquez-Flores might affect is speculative,

and, as noted above, his concern that such claims would require burdensome pre-adjudication is

unfounded. In claims for which notice has not yet been provided, the Secretary need only identify

the assigned DC and cross-referenced DCs, review them for specific criteria for which the generic

notice is insufficient, and add general notice of the evidence needed to satisfy that criteria to the

notice he otherwise has to provide. For those claims for which notice has been provided, he need
 See Ribaudo, 21 Vet.App. at 143 (impact on nonmoving party is "judged by the group that is defined by the 3

law being interpreted").

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only take corrective action if the regional office or the Board determines, in the normal processing

of the claim, that the claimant was not provided notice of what evidence was needed to substantiate

his claim. Given this, should the Secretary ultimately prevail on appeal, his intermittent "burden"

of providing general notice of criteria needed to substantiate a claim for a higher schedular rating

does not rise to the level of irreparable harm. See Adams v. Freedom Forge Corp., 204 F.3d 475,

484-85 (3d Cir. 2000) ("The irreparable harm requirement is met if a plaintiff demonstrates a

significant risk that he or she will experience harm that cannot adequately be compensated after the

fact by monetary damages.").

Furthermore, as noted above, the Secretary presents no evidence beyond his speculative

assertions of how many increased-compensation claims may be affected by Vasquez-Flores or how

many of those might involve a DC that contains a specific measurement or test result necessary for

assignment of a higher rating, and for which the generic notice is inadequate and not shown to be

non-prejudicial. In short, the Secretary's assertion that the denial of a stay will require "'a serious

restructuring of the VA workforce'" is unsupported by any evidence, and to the extent it is based on

the Secretary's assertion that our decision in Vazquez-Flores requires a predecisional adjudication

to determine what notice is required, it is without merit. Mot. at 8 (quoting Ribaudo, 21 Vet.App.

at 142). Thus the Secretary fails to demonstrate irreparable harm. See Ribaudo, 21 Vet.App. at 140

(moving party has the burden of demonstrating that a stay is warranted).

C. Impact on Nonmoving Party

Although the Secretary correctly notes that his request for reconsideration serves to stay

action on Mr. Vazquez-Flores' claim independent of his request to stay the precedential effect of

Vazquez-Flores, see 38 U.S.C. § 7291; Tobler v. Derwinski, 2 Vet.App. 8, 13 (1991) (per curiam

order) (noting the distinction between finality as to the parties in a case on appeal and the

precedential effect of a Court decision), his argument that a stay of the precedential effect is

inconsequential as to all other claimants seeking increased compensation is without merit.3

Specifically, the Secretary argues that unlike Ribaudo, which involved "a rule of law that requires

benefits to be awarded to a category of claimants," Vazquez-Flores involves the adequacy of preadjudicatory notice for increased-compensation claims and affects cases irrespective of whether an

award would be warranted. However, this is a distinction without meaning in the context of the stay

issue.

At the outset we note that the Secretary fails to explicitly state what action he will take with

regard to the claims that he asserts are pending before the Board or in one of the various stages of

administrative appeal, or what action he may take on newly filed claims for increased compensation.

However, since he has not sought to stay processing of these claims, it must be presumed that he will

process them. See Tobler, 2 Vet.App. at 14 (holding that decisions of the Court are binding when

issued and are to be applied by the Secretary when adjudicating claims); see also Ribaudo, 21

Vet.App. at 140 (citing Nat'l Org. of Veterans Advocates v. Sec'y of Veterans Affairs, 260 F.3d 1365,
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1380 (Fed. Cir. 2001)) (noting the Court can authorize the Secretary to stay cases at the Board and

agencies of original jurisdiction). Thus, if the precedential effect of Vazquez-Flores is stayed as the

Secretary requests, he will process these claims without providing the notice required by VazquezFlores. 

This has the likely effect of subjecting some number of veterans to denial of their claims by

the agency of original jurisdiction or while on administrative appeal because the veterans were not

notified what was needed to substantiate their claim and therefore they failed to provide the

necessary information or evidence. In these instances, the failure to accord the right guaranteed to

them by statute to participate in evidence gathering at the earliest stage of the adjudication impairs

the essential fairness of the adjudication. Moreover, with regard to those claims where evidence

supporting an award of increased benefits is otherwise available, a retroactive award of disability

benefits is not a satisfactory remedy for the delay in awarding benefits in the first instance. See

Cervantez v. Sullivan, 719 F. Supp. 899, 906 (E.D. Cal. 1989) (rejecting argument that retroactive

payment of disability benefits remedied denial of claim later found to be improper), rev'd on other

grounds, 963 F.2d 229 (9th Cir. 1992); see also Schweiker v. Chilicky, 487 U.S. 412, 428 (1988)

(stating that a wrongful termination of benefits upon which a claimant "depend[s] for the very

necessities of life cannot be fully remedied by the 'belated restoration of back benefits'"); Leschniok

v. Heckler, 713 F.2d 520, 524 (9th Cir. 1983) ("We fail to comprehend the Secretary's argument that

financial compensation at some future date, should the claimants survive and prevail, mitigates the

hardship which is visited upon claimants and their families each and every day."). Simply stated,

delaying disability compensation otherwise authorized by law has an adverse affect on a claimant.

See Ribaudo, 21 Vet.App. at 143 (impact on nonmoving party is "judged by the group that is defined

by the law being interpreted").

D. Public Interest

The Secretary's argument that the public interest favors granting the requested stay is

premised on his perceived need to engage in a "labor-intensive review of the hundreds of thousands

of claims affected by Vazquez-Flores." Mot. at 10. However, as noted above, the Secretary fails

to provide evidence in support of his assertion. Moreover, given his misreading of Vazquez-Flores,

there is no public interest in granting a stay while he presents such an argument on reconsideration

or appeal.

E. Totality of Circumstances

As discussed above, none of the essential factors for consideration in whether a stay is

warranted weigh in favor of the Secretary's request. Inasmuch as the totality of the circumstances

do not support a stay, the request will be denied. 

Upon consideration of the foregoing, it is

ORDERED that the Secretary's motion to stay the precedential effect of the Court's January

30, 2008, decision in Vazquez-Flores is DENIED.
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DATED: April 3, 2008 PER CURIAM.