### war& 1, 1959

Xonorabla 19. Lee 

### O%anlel Covernor

of the Btste 

### of Texaa Austin, Terai

Deer Coremar OQmlelr 

### oplnlon Roe. O-?uil Ret H.B. Ho. Z?O9

held invalid **beoauso** 

## 0r its eaptloa

lnsurflolenoy

or

This III

in tmwef to your letterof Pebnmry 14, 

### lQs9, wbloh reada as lollorrs:

"I am 

## ~rezwig to you LB. Ilo* 69, relatbq to oommon 8ohool dlatrlota,

and desire to ask the 

## r0ii0hg q\aetlone:

*sn the 0tipti0fi



## 0r tu8 mu ita prodaion8 are restriotti to Oertain 

### mhool di8triots rgiletb Bill lt0d.r8emmre general ana, it appearato me, *y apply to all sohoolbi8- trlote.
*millyou pleaaekdvl80so whatheror not the oaptlonlr tp.erioim 

### to 1-t the pmmi8- iOM 

### or tbb Biu"'totb 8pOOiriO 8OhOOi di8- 

### trlotrtherein

de80ribed.w
Yo&attaohed to this lettera aopy ot R.B. Ro. 809. That; psrt 

### of the caption OS the Bill in whlahwe are lntere&eb read8 as r0iim8:



### *AR J&T to vulldate, ratltf,

approve, OOLF firm and deolare enioroeable 

### all levle8and as8essmenta OS ad oalorem tares 

### heretorore made by oountyline independent eohool dietriots,partly situated io three or mare Oountfes, the supervision of bald sot1001 balnn looatsd 

### in oountlelr having a populationnot l&i than 17,ooO nor more 

### than 17,500,+* l 

### "

### Oovernor ll. Loo OfDaniel,lhroh 1, 1939, me 8



### Eoimter,

the 

### boaJ or the Bill appliertoY l oh001 dlstrlots in o0untles

### baring a~popalatlon

of laeepeadent ccm 17,000to 17,500,and doesnot lmt its 

### applloation to aouatyline lmlependent who01 distrlot8a8 detined in the oeptlon. That part 

### or the **body** of the Bill with whioh m are oonoerned ?Md8 a8 tollore:

"Thatallle*iieandarrel8~nt8at edvaloremtaxea beretoioremadebythe 

### goternlaq body 

### oi any independent sohool 

### dlsitrlot, la this State, in oountles hiariag a population0r not less than 8eventeenthouaaad (17,OOO) aad **not** mor% than 8%VOllt8Oll thousandrive hundred (17,5OO),

aooordlllg

to the last preoedlngFed

### eral &meu8, L7t in exoe88 of the ilait now provided by law, whloh dre mid or uhenioroeable 

### beaauee8uoh leviesmx-e made and adopted by resolut%on,

m&ion or other inrolrslaotlon, lmtead of lx~viag

been made by order as 

### requlrd by the Stntnted of thi8 8tate; * * +&e eaoh and ail hereby validated,ratltied4gpqrovod,oonfirmed, and deoiared enforceable,, *

‘whether or not th.ls 

### oaptlon1s ml’flolant 18 governed by Artiole III, Seotlon 35, **0r** the oonstltution of rsxaa, 

### whloh reads
as iollor8:

Vo 

### bill, (emept gumral approptiatl0a

bflls, tdxhioh

may embraae t& varione subjeotr and 

### aooounts,

ror aad on 

### aooouatof whioh aoney8 areapproprlated) &all oontalnmorethan on% subjeot.whioh shall be apre88ed io ittr title. 

### But if any subjeot u&l1 be aabraoed In an not, whloh shall not be expressed

### in the title, swh 

### aot shall be void only a8 to 80 auoh thereof,a8 8hall rrot be 80 oxpre88e6."

The attitude 0r the oourts of thlr Stat4 in resgard t0 Bills providing for mre than 1s e~lmmmd 

### in the 

### Caption18 well stated lo tha oa3e of Rx parts Iieartdill (Ter.Or& App.) 3S S.W. (24) 003, as **roiiaprs:**

"AU laus passed by the Loglslatme Of this state 

### otlanate in **blils,** upon each of which mat appear a oaption or title, 

### and aeotton 35, art. 3, 0r our Constitutionforbids that any bill, with oertain %XoeptiOM, shall oontaln pars than one **subjeot,** which shall be **expreesed** in ita title. It ha8 been held by the oourts that &en the express**VW** biage o? auoh title iklts and raetrictethe

### Gomraar U. Lee O*Danlel, Maroh 1, 19SOIPago S

purpose oith8 blll,any attenpttolegl8lat.e otherwbeln azoh

### bllltarlant

## rmmthe purpose presorlbed,18 

### in exoes*0r the leglsla

### tlte parer, and that a law subjeot to this ooaplalnt

### 1s unOorurtltutlonal.m

The purpose of thI8 oonstltutlonal 

### provlslon

18 erpre8se6 in 39 Tex. fur. 77, as rOmYNI8:

"It Is intendedto secure notlce to the legislators

and the people, through suoh publioationof leglslatlve

### prooeedlngs as 

### 18 usually amdo, of the subjeot,nature or oontents 

### or each partloular

### bill, thus avoiding deoeptlon,misapprehension and surprisein legislation

and 

### givingthose u%o are latereated 

### in a subjeotunder oonsideratloa an op- ~a.xunltytom

be heard thereon, ii they so de-

.-
The Bill we have under oon8IderatIoa applies to all school distriotrai this size,but the oaptlon 1Imtte the bill to county line dietriots. me oaptlonwuld 

### not, at 

### the tlm the bill was pending la tha I,++elature, have given not100 

### "to the le.egislators and the people 0r t he l * * oonteat8a or t he Bill , or git e n those who were interested*an opportualtyto be heard thteorP, **be**
oause those rho lived la sahool 

### diPrt&ots thatware **nat** 

### on oountf lIne8 oould not tell **by** read- the oaptioa that the Bill applied to their distrlots.

III the -808 Of GiddlDg8 V8. 

### 8an AntOnib,

### 47 %X. 528; Adams 

### vs. San AageioUater lbbrke 

### Go., 86 Tex. 485, 25 S.U. 605; and uohey ~8. state, lZS Tex. Grim. hpp. 

### 458, 59 S.U. (Ed) 406, a6 well
as 

### in some other oases, the oaption OS the aot Iaroltedwas not sui

### tloient

to 

### oover the entire body of the bill,and 

### the 00~1%held that the 

### bill uas 

### ~vold only as to that part not aabraoeU In 

### the osptlon;but In t&me oases the part nat embraoed In the oaptlon
vas 

### in eoparate seotlonsand paragraphs,and, as said in the Arohey ease, it wx~s*easily separablerrcm the other matters 

### and things naned in the title",ard when it was 8ttiOkenout the bill 

### was still oompleteand lntelllgIble.

In the bill we hsve under oonslderation, the part not covered by the oaption is not "easily separablefrom the other nratters and th%ngs **named** in the title*. 

### In fact,it 

### mouldbe ImpossIble to strike out that part OS the bill apply14 to distriotanot
on couutJ lines and leave a bill that only applied to county line dlstriOt8. Therefore,the entire 

### aot wIl1 have to be held mid for the reasonsstated ln 25 R.C.L. 64C, as follOaa:Qovernar W. Lee O*Danlol,Maroh 1, 1.939. Page 4

*Xf M act ir broader than it8 title and the sub eot or obJeotsnot oovered

### by the title
are so 1ntlmtely ootubeoted with the one lndioat& **by** the title tbert the portion of the aot relating to thaa oahmt be rejeoted and leave a ocaplete and senslbloenaotmmt tiloh is 

### oapable of beiw +8xzo2ted, the ontlre aot wmt be held lmalld;

The bill that we hsve limier oonslderntion

Is 

## airallar to the one th?t was oonsldered In the case of Sutherlmd va. Board of Trustees (Ter. Ct. Clv. App.) 261 S.T. 488. In that case the body oi the bill oreated a now sohool distriot, includlnxparts of the Agua Duloe dlstriot and the Rtxnber 4 district,but &e oaptlon of the bill, whluh attemptedto describe the telrltary covered by the
new d&&riot, did not lnolnde the aSua Dulos and H-P 4 parts, and the court refused to ~1l.m the rest oi the district to stand, and sald:

-Be conclude that tested by this rule ho

part of the aot la enforooabletor any prpose, &tar the provlsiohalnoorporatlng yctrts of iqpm buloe and ho. 4 dletrtots Into the propossd diatriotsare sroluded,es they must be.*

In 

### the 08138

of Texas-lacllslana Power Co. vs. City of Farppersvllle

(Tex. Carw. &pp.) 67 S.rC..(Zd) 2?i5, In an'opinionby Judge Sharp, it was held that an aot ahioh lnoreasedthe nrnaber of oltler with the right **to** regulateutility ratea, and also ohaaged the aoale OS rates that oonld be okrged, ~98 Irnnlfd in its entiretybeoanse tlm oaptfon did not refer to ths ohi-inged soale oi rates, and the oaurt held that the provisionsof thr aot wore so intercpovon that It oauld not let tie other psrts of the sot stand; and in this eonneotion lt said:

'*rho establlahedrule a?pUoablo horc 38 rerlsotedby the deoisionaof the various oourts la oorreotlg s&ted ln JAwia* Suthsrlmd, Statutory Construotlon (2d Ed.) ~51. 1, sea. 306, as f3llows: ‘xi, by etriki~ out a void exoeption, proviso or other restrictiveolause tk;sratvainder, by reason of its generality, w~llh~lvea broader mops as to sub cot or terrltorp,its operation is not la aooor d tii=h the legislativeinteat, am3 the whole would be affectedand made void by the Invalidity of zuoh pqrt**.

Our an8wer to your qgestl0Csis t!l3t it iS Out 0plniOll tbst beoause of the insuffioieaoy of it& caption this Bill you heveOovemtor U. Ime O'Ikmlel,Maroh 1, 1939, Faga S

referred to 08, H.B. Ho. eO0, la entirely vold and invalid.

Yours very truly

5CR:M