UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 18-4680

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff - Appellee,

v.

JOHN DALEY STROTHERS, a/k/a Giovanni Daliente Strassini,

Defendant - Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina, at 

Charlotte. Graham C. Mullen, Senior District Judge. (3:16-cr-00212-GCM-DSC-1)

Submitted: August 19, 2019 Decided: September 27, 2019

Before KING, RICHARDSON, and QUATTLEBAUM, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

Sandra Barrett, Asheville, North Carolina, for Appellant. R. Andrew Murray, United 

States Attorney, Amy E. Ray, Assistant United States Attorney, OFFICE OF THE 

UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Asheville, North Carolina, for Appellee.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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PER CURIAM:

John Daley Strothers was convicted following a jury trial of use of a false document 

in a federal matter, 18 U.S.C. § 1001(a)(3) (2012); possession of an identification 

document to defraud the United States, 18 U.S.C. § 1028(a)(4) (2012); passport application 

fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1542 (2012); and making a false statement in a federal matter, 18 U.S.C. 

§ 1001(a)(2) (2012), and received a sentence of six months’ imprisonment. Strothers 

appeals, arguing that the prosecutor engaged in misconduct by making improper comments 

during closing argument.

A prosecutor’s remarks during closing argument will require reversal if they were 

(1) improper, and (2) “so prejudiced the defendant's substantial rights that the defendant 

was denied a fair trial.” United States v. Saint Louis, 889 F.3d 145, 156 (4th Cir. 2018). 

Where, as here, the defendant fails to object, we review only for plain error “and grant

relief only if there was a plain error that affected [Strothers’] substantial rights and would 

seriously affect the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” United 

States v. Lopez, 860 F.3d 201, 215 (4th Cir. 2017). 

When determining whether the prosecution’s improper remarks were sufficiently 

prejudicial as to deny the defendant a fair trial, this court considers: (1) the degree to which 

the prosecutor’s remarks have a tendency to mislead the jury and to prejudice the accused;

(2) whether the remarks were isolated or extensive; (3) absent the remarks, the strength of 

competent proof introduced to establish the guilt of the accused; (4) whether the comments 

were deliberately placed before the jury to divert attention to extraneous matters; (5) 

whether the prosecutor’s remarks were invited by improper conduct of defense counsel; 
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and (6) whether curative instructions were given to the jury. United States v. Baptiste, 596 

F.3d 214, 226-27 (4th Cir. 2010). 

With these standards in mind, our review of the record does not reveal the existence 

of any prosecutorial misconduct. Thus, Strothers is not entitled to relief. Accordingly, we 

affirm the criminal judgment. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal 

contentions are adequately presented in the materials before this court and argument would 

not aid the decisional process.

AFFIRMED