16-3120 

Gay v. Sessions 

BIA 

Laforest, IJ 

A079 722 477

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED 

ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE 

PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT 

FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE 

(WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY 

OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for 

2 the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States 

3 Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 

20th 4 day of December, two thousand seventeen. 

5 

6 PRESENT: 

7 DENNIS JACOBS,

8 PETER W. HALL, 

9 GERARD E. LYNCH,

10 Circuit Judges. 

11 _____________________________________ 

12 

13 PATRICK J. GAY, AKA JEAN PATRICK 

14 GAY, AKA J. PATRICK GAY, 

15 Petitioner, 

16 

17 v. 16-3120 

18 NAC 

19 JEFFERSON B. SESSIONS III, 

20 UNITED STATES ATTORNEY GENERAL, 

21 Respondent. 

22 _____________________________________ 

23 

24 FOR PETITIONER: Nicholas J. Mundy, Brooklyn, NY. 

25 

26 FOR RESPONDENT: Chad A. Readler, Acting Assistant 

27 Attorney General; Linda S. Wernery, 

28 Assistant Director; Steven K. Uejio, 

29 Trial Attorney, Office of 

30 Immigration Litigation, United 

31 States Department of Justice, 

32 Washington, DC. 
2

1 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a 

2 Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision, it is hereby 

3 ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the petition for review is 

4 DENIED. 

5 Petitioner Patrick J. Gay, a native and citizen of Haiti, 

6 seeks review of a September 1, 2016, decision of the BIA 

7 affirming an April 21, 2016, decision of an Immigration Judge 

8 (“IJ”) denying Gay’s applications for asylum, withholding of 

9 removal, relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”) 

10 and a waiver of inadmissibility. In re Patrick J. Gay, No. A079 

11 722 477 (B.I.A. Sep. 1, 2016), aff’g No. A079 722 477 (Immig. 

12 Ct. N.Y. City Apr. 21, 2016). We assume the parties’ 

13 familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history 

14 in this case. 

15 Under the circumstances of this case, we have reviewed both 

16 the IJ’s and BIA’s opinions “for the sake of completeness.” 

17 Wangchuck v. Dep’t of Homeland Sec., 448 F.3d 524, 528 (2d Cir. 

18 2006). Gay was ordered removed on account of an aggravated 

19 felony conviction, and does not challenge his removability on 

20 that basis. Accordingly, our review is limited to 

21 constitutional claims and questions of law. 8 U.S.C. 
3

1 §§ 1252(a)(2)(C), (D); Ortiz-Franco v. Holder, 782 F.3d 81, 90–

2 91 (2d Cir. 2015). We address Gay’s arguments in turn. 

3 I. Waiver and Adjustment of Status 

4 Gay applied to adjust to lawful permanent resident status, 

5 for which he needed a waiver under 8 U.S.C. § 1182(h) on account 

6 of his sexual abuse conviction. The agency found Gay eligible 

7 for the waiver, but denied it as a matter of discretion given 

8 the seriousness of his criminal conviction. Gay argues that 

9 the agency did not give enough weight to his equities and placed 

10 too much emphasis on his conviction. We lack jurisdiction to 

11 review the agency’s discretionary weighing of the equities 

12 where, as here, the agency considered the relevant factors. 

13 See Guyadin v. Gonzales, 449 F.3d 465, 468–69 (2d Cir. 2006); 

14 see also 8 U.S.C. §§ 1182(h), 1252(a)(2)(B)(i). 

15 II. Withholding of Removal 

16 Aliens convicted of “particularly serious crime[s]” are 

17 statutorily ineligible for withholding of removal. 8 U.S.C. 

18 § 1231(b)(3)(B)(ii). An aggravated felony, like Gay’s, with 

19 a sentence of less than five years is not per se particularly 

20 serious. 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(B). Rather, in such cases the 

21 agency examines “the nature of the conviction, the type of 
4

1 sentence imposed, and the circumstances and underlying facts 

2 of the conviction” to determine if the specific conviction is 

3 particularly serious. Matter of N-A-M-, 24 I. & N. Dec. 336, 

4 342 (B.I.A. 2007); see also Nethagani v. Mukasey, 532 F.3d 150, 

5 155 (2d Cir. 2008). 

6 Gay argues that his conviction was not particularly 

7 serious, emphasizing that he was initially sentenced only to 

8 probation (although he was re-sentenced to 2 years’ 

9 imprisonment after violating probation). As Gay concedes, 

10 however, “the sentence imposed is not the most accurate or 

11 salient factor to consider in determining the seriousness of 

12 an offense.” Matter of N-A-M-, 24 I. & N. at 342. Here, the 

13 IJ considered each of the factors: the statutory definition and 

14 elements of the crime of sexual abuse by forcible compulsion; 

15 the lengthy (10-year) probation sentence; and the fact that 

16 Gay’s victim was a 12-year-old child over whom he was in a 

17 position of authority and trust. Accordingly, Gay has not 

18 identified any constitutional or legal error in the agency’s 

19 analysis. 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(C),(D); Nethagani, 532 F.3d 

20 at 155 (upholding particularly serious crime determination 

21 where agency properly applied factors). 
5

1 III. CAT Deferral 

2 Gay’s conviction does not bar CAT deferral, 8 C.F.R. 

3 § 1208.17(a); however, our review remains limited to 

4 constitutional claims and questions of law. Ortiz-Franco, 782 

5 F.3d at 90-91. 

6 Gay argued that he should receive CAT relief because he 

7 would be identified as a former paramilitary member and 

8 tortured, despite his absence from Haiti since 1995. Appealing 

9 the agency’s rejection of that claim, Gay challenges only the 

10 IJ’s determination that he should have produced an affidavit 

11 or testimony from his mother to corroborate this claim, 

12 emphasizing that he testified credibly. That challenge does 

13 not raise a colorable question of law. The IJ may take into 

14 account a lack of corroboration even if an applicant’s testimony 

15 is credible. See 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(ii); 8 C.F.R. 

16 §§ 1208.16(c)(2),(3). Moreover, Gay lacked personal knowledge 

17 of current conditions in Haiti becuase he left in 1995. As the 

18 IJ noted, Gay’s mother traveled between the United States and 

19 Haiti and could have testified about whether Gay would still 

20 be targeted for retaliation as a former paramilitary member. 

21 Gay’s mother was on his witness list, but did not provide an 
6

1 affidavit or testify, and Gay did not explain her absence. 

2 See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4) (courts may not reverse agency’s 

3 determination regarding corroborating evidence unless “a 

4 reasonable trier of fact is compelled to conclude that such 

5 corroborating evidence is unavailable”); Chuilu Liu v. Holder, 

6 575 F.3d 193, 198 (2d Cir. 2006) (explaining that it is alien’s 

7 burden to provide corroboration “without prompting from the 

8 IJ”). 

9 For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is 

10 DENIED. 

11 FOR THE COURT: 

12 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk