IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 2013-CA-01169-COA

IN THE MATTER OF THE ESTATE OF LOUIS

S. PANNAGL, JR., DECEASED: LOUIS CURT

PANNAGL AND SAMMI PAULA PANNAGL

SPENCE

APPELLANTS

v.

DAVID LAMBERT AND MARK HOLMES APPELLEES

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 06/24/2013

TRIAL JUDGE: HON. DEBBRA K. HALFORD

COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: PIKE COUNTY CHANCERY COURT

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS: FRANK G. VOLLOR

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES: ALTON LAMAR WATTS

NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - WILLS, TRUSTS, AND ESTATES

TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: DETERMINED WILL WAS REVOKED BUT

DENIED SANCTIONS

DISPOSITION: REVERSED AND REMANDED - 11/04/2014

MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:

MANDATE ISSUED:

BEFORE LEE, C.J., ROBERTS AND CARLTON, JJ.

LEE, C.J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1. This appeal arises from the chancellor’s denial of a motion for attorney’s fees and

costs. Finding that the chancellor abused her discretion, we reverse and remand.

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2. On August 19, 2011, David Lambert (Lambert) filed a petition in the Chancery Court

of Pike County to probate a copy of Louis S. Pannagl Jr.’s (Louis) last will and testament.

Louis was Lambert’s stepfather. The sworn petition alleges that the original of the will was
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lost and that it was not destroyed by Louis with the intent to revoke it. Louis’s original will

could not be found. On January 30, 2012, Louis Curt Pannagl (Curt), Louis’s son, filed an

objection to the probate of Louis’s will. On May 2, 2012, a hearing was held on the motion

of Curt to compel Brady Kellems (Kellems) to give a deposition. Kellems, an attorney, had

been contacted by Louis about his will. The court granted the motion. That same day,

Lambert filed a motion to amend the petition, asking the chancellor to declare that Louis died

intestate and to appoint Donis Smith Pannagl (Donis) the administrator. Donis is Louis’s

widow and Lambert’s mother. 

¶3. On May 7, 2012, Sammi Paula Pannagl Spence (Sammi), Louis’s daughter, filed an

objection to the probate of Louis’s will. On January 31, 2013, Curt and Sammi (hereinafter

Curt) filed a motion for summary judgment and for sanctions under Mississippi Rule of Civil

Procedure 11 and the Litigation Accountability Act, Mississippi Code Annotated section 11-

55-1 (Rev. 2012). Lambert filed his response to that motion on February 1, 2013. After a

hearing on February 27, 2013, the chancellor granted Curt’s motion for summary judgment,

but denied his motion for sanctions. Curt appeals the chancellor’s denial of sanctions,

asserting that Lambert intentionally withheld pertinent information from the court,

constituting fraud, and that the filing of this action was frivolous. 

 FACTS

¶4. In April 2011, Louis contacted Kellems about changing his will. This will was dated

April 23, 2001, and had been drawn up by Kellems. Louis sent Kellems and David Carrigee

(Carrigee), an attorney, some notes regarding the changes to be made to his will. Among

these notes was a handwritten document entitled: “Preparation for Will to be written by
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Brady Kellems before May-June 2011,” and dated January 18, 2011. This document listed

changes Louis wanted to make to his will. At the bottom of the first of two columns, the

document states: “The Will of April 23rd 2001 Brookhaven/Brady Kellems has been

destroyed and March 23, 1993.” On Kellems’s copy of the document, the words, “and March

23, 1993,” were written in a different-color ink. The document is signed by Louis at the top

of the page, underneath its title. The signature matches Louis’s signature on other

documents, and his widow, Donis, testified that the document was in Louis’s handwriting.

The original handwritten document could not be found. Curt did not learn of this document

until Kellems’s deposition on November 12, 2012, more than a year after the original petition

was filed.

¶5. After Louis’s death on June 8, 2011, Donis contacted Carrigee. On June 17, 2011,

Carrigee sent Donis a letter with several attachments. The attachments included the will of

April 23, 2001, and the handwritten document described above. Donis testified that she

looked at the attachments and showed them to Lambert. Lambert testified that he read the

handwritten document when he saw it, prior to offering the will for probate. After hiring

Mark R. Holmes (Holmes), Lambert and his mother gave these documents to Holmes, who

later filed the petition to probate. This petition did not include Louis’s handwritten

document. 

 STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶6. When reviewing a decision regarding the question of whether to apply sanctions under

Rule 11 and the Litigation Accountability Act, the proper standard is abuse of discretion.

Collins v. Koppers Inc., 59 So. 3d 582, 591 (¶27) (Miss. 2011) (citing In re Spencer, 985 So.
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2d 330, 336-37 (¶19) (Miss. 2008)). “In the absence of a definite and firm conviction that

the court below committed a clear error of judgment in the conclusion it reached upon

weighing of relevant factors,” the judgment of the chancellor regarding whether to apply

sanctions will be affirmed. Id. (quotations omitted).

DISCUSSION

¶7. In this appeal, Curt contends that Lambert’s failure to include the document in this

petition constituted fraud; thus, the chancellor erred in failing to award sanctions. Curt

argues that Lambert, having read the handwritten document prior to filing his petition, knew

the will had been destroyed with an intent to revoke it and, therefore, had no hope of success.

According to Curt, the action was frivolous and constituted a fraud on the court because

Lambert withheld the document and filed a sworn petition alleging that the original will was

lost and not destroyed by Louis with the intent to revoke it. 

¶8. Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 11(b) states, in pertinent part:

If any party files a motion or pleading which, in the opinion of the court, is

frivolous or is filed for the purpose of harassment or delay, the court may order

such a party, or his attorney, or both, to pay to the opposing party or parties the

reasonable expenses incurred by such other parties and by their attorneys,

including reasonable attorneys’ fees. 

M.R.C.P. 11(b). The Litigation Accountability Act states, in pertinent part:

Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, in any civil action commenced

or appealed in any court of record in this state, the court shall award, as part

of its judgment and in addition to any other costs otherwise assessed,

reasonable attorney’s fees and costs against any party or attorney if the court,

upon the motion of any party or on its own motion, finds that an attorney or

party brought an action, or asserted any claim or defense, that is without

substantial justification . . . .

Miss. Code Ann. § 11-55-5(1) (Rev. 2012). The phrase “without substantial justification”
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is defined by the Act as a filing that is “frivolous, groundless in fact or in law, or vexatious,

as determined by the court.” Miss. Code Ann. § 11-55-3(a) (Rev. 2012). “The term

‘frivolous’ as used in this section takes the same definition as it does under Rule 11: a claim

or defense made ‘without hope of success.’” In re Spencer, 985 So. 2d at 338 (¶26)

(quotations omitted). “A plaintiff’s belief alone will not garner a ‘hope of success’ where

a claim has no basis in fact.” Foster v. Ross, 804 So. 2d 1018, 1024 (¶21) (Miss. 2002)

(quotations omitted). Whether a party has any “hope of success” is an objective standard to

be analyzed from the vantage point of a reasonable plaintiff at the time the complaint was

filed. Tricon Metals & Servs. Inc. v. Topp, 537 So. 2d 1331, 1335 (Miss. 1989). 

¶9. The chancellor found the following: (1) it was unclear whether the will had been

revoked or if Louis merely contemplated doing so; (2) more information was required to

determine Louis’s intent; (3) the handwritten document was insufficient to put a proponent

of a will having minor children as beneficiaries on notice that it had been revoked; (4) the

handwritten document was not subscribed, but merely signed at the top, and the various

copies of the document contained different-color ink; and (5) tendering a copy of Louis’s will

was not so egregious as to warrant the imposition of sanctions against Lambert and Holmes.

¶10. The Mississippi Supreme Court has found that a misrepresentation of pertinent facts

to a chancellor, who entered an order based on the misrepresentations, was a violation of the

Litigation Accountability Act and Rule 11 of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure and

warranted sanctions. In re Estate of Ladner, 909 So. 2d 1051, 1056 (¶17) (Miss. 2004). In

that case, an executor and his attorney failed to inform the court of the testator’s brother’s

claim to ownership of cattle located on the brother’s land prior to obtaining a court order to
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seize the cattle. Id. at 1055-56 (¶¶15-16). In addition, this Court has found that a verified

creditor’s notice of claim, filed by the counsel of a creditor of potential heirs of a decedent’s

estate and containing a misrepresentation of pertinent facts, was frivolous. In re Necaise, 126

So. 3d 49, 57 (¶30) (Miss. App. Ct. 2013). This Court found that the misrepresentation

caused the estate to incur unnecessary attorney’s fees in having to respond to those filings

and thus warranted sanctions under Rule 11 and the Litigation Accountability Act. Id.

¶11. In this case, Lambert failed to disclose the existence of the handwritten document

when he filed his petition. A reasonable person in Lambert’s position, with Lambert’s

knowledge, would have no hope of success in rebutting the presumption that Louis’s will had

been lost and not destroyed. Lambert admitted that, when he filed his petition, he had

received and read the documents attached to Carrigee’s letter, which included the

handwritten document. This letter, with attachments, was later given to Holmes prior to

filing this action. In that document, Louis listed a myriad of changes he wanted to make to

his will. At the bottom of the first column of the two-column document, he wrote: “The will

of April 23rd 2001 Brookhaven/Brady Kellems has been destroyed.” The words “and March

23, 1993,” were written in a different-color ink on Kellems’s copy. The document was

signed by Louis, and Donis testified that the document was in his handwriting. Lambert

searched for a will, but could not find one. The file folder in Louis’s office entitled “will”

was empty.

¶12. From this document, it is clear that Louis wanted to make changes to his will and that

he intended to revoke all prior wills. Even though Louis signed this document at the top of

the page, Donis testified that it was his handwriting. When taken in context, the statement
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that: “The will of April 23rd 2001 Brookhaven/Brady Kellems has been destroyed,”

effectively put Lambert and his attorney on notice that Louis destroyed his will with the

intent to revoke it. This is evidenced by Lambert’s attempt to convert the proceedings to that

of intestate succession. On the same day that the court ruled on a motion to compel Kellems

to give his deposition, and prior to any other depositions being taken, Lambert filed a motion

to amend his petition. He sought a declaration that Louis had died intestate and asked the

court to appoint Donis the administrator. The handwritten document had not yet come to

light, and judging from the timing of the motion’s filing, Holmes knew that once it did, there

would be no hope of success in overcoming the presumption. In the hearing on the motion

for summary judgment, Holmes admitted that he filed that motion because he did not think

he could overcome the presumption that Louis’s will had been lost and not destroyed. 

¶13. The chancellor did not consider the fact of nondisclosure to be important when

making her decision about whether to award sanctions. But the fact remains that the

nondisclosure was a misrepresentation, making the petition to probate the will frivolous in

light of the evidence. The chancellor abused her discretion in not considering Lambert’s

nondisclosure in determining the frivolity of the action. Curt incurred unnecessary expense

in contesting the probate of this will, only to uncover a document that Lambert withheld for

almost a year and a half and that would later serve as the basis for summary judgment. 

¶14. Finding that the chancellor abused her discretion in deciding not to award sanctions

pursuant to Rule 11 and the Litigation Accountability Act, we reverse and remand for a

determination of attorney’s fees and costs.

¶15. THE JUDGMENT OF THE PIKE COUNTY CHANCERY COURT IS
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REVERSED, AND THIS CASE IS REMANDED FOR FURTHER PROCEEDINGS

CONSISTENT WITH THIS OPINION. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE

ASSESSED TO THE APPELLEES.

GRIFFIS, P.J., BARNES, ISHEE, ROBERTS, CARLTON, MAXWELL AND

FAIR, JJ., CONCUR. IRVING, P.J., CONCURS IN PART AND IN THE RESULT

WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION. JAMES, J., NOT PARTICIPATING.