# Patent

## Title
Comminution apparatus

## Abstract

These and other objects of the present invention are achieved by a comminution apparatus comprised of a housing member formed with co-planar circularly-shaped chambers in chordal juxtapositioned to each other thereby forming a collision zone therebetween and wherein wheel members having radially disposed directional vanes are positioned for rotation in each cylindrically-shaped chamber and wherein an inlet fluid conduit or a slurry of particulate matter to be treated is in axial fluid communication with each wheel member and wherein each wheel member is caused to be rotated in a direction to accelerate the slurry towards the collision zone and to affect particle size reduction by particle collision and wherein an outlet conduit is in fluid communication with the collision zone for withdrawing a slurry of size reduced particles from the comminution apparatus.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 09/912,625 filed Jul. 26, 2001 abandoned Feb. 8, 2003. The common elements of this application and the aforesaid application claim the benefit of provisional application 60/225,578, filed Aug. 16, 2000 and abandoned on Jun. 6, 2002.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for reduction of particle size, and more particularly to a comminution apparatus for uniformly disbursing solids within a liquid slurry to produce a homogeneous product.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A large number of manufacturing processes require for the uniform dispersion of dissimilar particulate materials to produce a homogeneous slurry product. Often, the starting particulate materials are irregular size, and must be reduced to a uniform size, such as a very fine powder, which are then uniformly dispersed within a solvent carrier to produce a master batch. This is particularly applicable in the arts of paints and printing inks.
Some prior art devices attempted to affect such process utilizing mechanical means wherein metal to metal surfaces crush the solid particles to achieve a uniform size for dispersion. Other prior art devices use an intermediate media, such as sand, shot, ceramic beads or stones to reduce particle size by causing such intermediate media to interact with the particulate materials to attempt to achieve uniform particle size for subsequent uniform dispersion and are limited by the characteristics and viscosity of the solvent carrier, particularly for low viscosity slurries. Additionally, such prior art devices accelerated wear on the equipment due to the inherent abrasive nature of the process.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide for a comminution apparatus for particle size reduction of low or high viscosity slurries obviating the use of intermediate solid media, such as sand, grit, shot or ceramic balls.
Another object of the present invention is to provide for a comminution apparatus obviating mechanical means to obtain particle size reduction.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide for a comminution apparatus wherein particles in the apparatus are caused to collide in a manner to obtain particle size reduction.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide for a comminution apparatus to achieve more uniform particle size and more uniform dispersion of particles in a solvent carrier thereby to obtain a more homogeneous product.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
These and other objects of the present invention are achieved by a comminution apparatus comprised of a housing member formed with co-planar circularly-shaped chambers in chordal juxtaposition to each other thereby forming a collision zone therebetween and wherein wheel members having radially disposed directional vanes are positioned for rotation in each cylindrically-shaped chamber and wherein an inlet fluid conduit or a slurry of particulate matter to be treated is in axial fluid communication with each wheel member and wherein each wheel member is caused to be rotated in a direction to accelerate the slurry towards the collision zone and to affect particle size reduction by particle collision and wherein an outlet conduit is in fluid communication with the collision zone for withdrawing a slurry of size reduced particles from the comminution apparatus.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A better understanding of the present invention will be obtained when consideration of the following detailed description thereof when taken with the accompanying drawings wherein like numerals indicate like parts throughout:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of process and apparatus for particulate reduction including the comminution apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross section view of the comminution apparatus of the present invention taken along a vertical plane of an access of rotation of the wheel member; and
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the comminution apparatus taken along the plane III—III of FIG. 2.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated the comminution apparatus of the present invention generally indicated as 10, positioned within a system for treating a slurry of particulate material for particle size reduction. The system includes a storage tank 12 for the slurry of particulate material in fluid communication via a conduit 14 with the suction side of a pump 16. The discharge side of pump 16 is in fluid communication via a conduit 18, including a valve 20 to inlet conduits 22 of the comminution apparatus 10 as more fully hereinafter described. An outlet conduit 24 of the comminution apparatus 10 is in fluid communication with the suction side of a pump 26 with the discharge side thereof being in fluid communication via a conduit 28, including a valve member 30 to a product storage tank 32 for the product slurry of reduced particulate material. A recycle conduit 36 is in fluid communication between valves 20 and 30 to provide recycle requirements for the system.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the comminution apparatus 10 of the present invention is comprised of a housing member 50 formed with coplanar, circularly-shaped chambers 52 and 54 in chordal juxtaposition or tangential communication thereby forming a collision zone 56 therebetween with vertically-disposed cylindrically-shaped channels 58 and 60 extending downwardly in coaxial alignment with the chambers 52 and 54 respectively as more fully hereinafter described.
Positioned with the cylindrically-shaped chambers 52 and 54 there is provided a wheel member generally indicated as 62 and a wheel member generally indicated as 64 mounted to shaft members 66 and 68 respectively, including cylindrically-shaped channels 69 and 70 in fluid communication with wheel member 62 and 64 as more fully hereinafter described.
The wheel member 62 is comprised of an upper hub plate member 72 and a lower circularly-shaped plate member 74 between which there are positioned a plurality of radially disposed, arcuately-shaped vane members 76 which in rotational movement of the wheel member 62 in counter-clockwise direction as indicated by arrow “A” causes material being processed to be radially accellerated outwardly from within the wheel member 62. The wheel member 64 is comprised of an upper hub plate member 72 and a lower circularly-shaped plate member 74 between which there are positioned a plurality of radially disposed arcuately shaped vane members 78 which in rotational movement of the wheel member 64 in counter-clockwise direction as indicated by the arrow “B”, cause material being process to be radially accelerated outwardly from within the wheel member 64 and collide in the collision zone 56 with the material from wheel member 62.
The hub members 72 are mounted to shafts 66 and 68 by plate members 80 affixed thereto such as by rivots. The shafts 66 and 68 are positioned for rotation in the channels 58 and 60 including sealing means 82. Mounted to the shafts 66 and 68 are gear members 84 about which is coursed a chain drive 86 in geared relationship with a motor 88 referring more particularly to FIG. 1. The collision zone 56 is in fluid communication with outlet conduit 24.
In operation, a slurry of particulate matter to be processed is passed from the storage source by pump 16 via conduits 14, 18 and 22 under the control of valve 20 to the comminution apparatus 10. The slurry is passed through the shafts 66 and 68 and into upper hub plates and thus axially into wheel members 62 and 64 being counter-clockwise rotated by the drive motor 88. The slurry in each wheel member is caused to accellerate outwardly towards the collision zone 56 and thereby cause particulate matter in the slurry exiting from wheel member 62 to impinge upon the particulate material in the slurry exiting wheel member 64 resulting in particle size reduction of particulate material in the liquid carrier and thereby forming a slurry of particulate matter of reduced size and preferably in a homogeneous slurry.
The resulting homogeneous slurry is withdrawn via conduit 24 from the comminution apparatus 10 and passed via conduit 28 by pump 26 under control of valve 30 to a product storage tank 32. Recycle conduit 36 provides process control to a desired particle size.
Therefore, while the present invention has been disclosed with respect to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore manifestly intended that the invention be limited only by the claims and the equivalence thereof.

## Claims

1. A comminution assembly for size reduction of particles in a slurry thereof to form a homogeneous product which comprises:
a housing defined by co-planar circularly shaped chambers in tangential communication with a collision zone there between; 
an outlet conduit in fluid communication with said collision zone for drawing said homogeneous product from said housing; 
a wheel member positioned in each of said chambers, said wheel member comprised of an upper plate member having a circularly-shaped opening, a lower base plate member, and a plurality of radially extending arcuate vanes mounted to and disposed between said plate members; 
a hollow shaft member perpendicularly mounted to each of said upper plate members for introducing said slurry into said wheel member; and 
means for rotating said wheel members to accelerate said slurry towards said collision zone to effect particle to particle contact and therefore size reduction to form said homogeneous product.

2. The comminution apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said vanes are arcuate in shape.

3. The comminution apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said wheel members rotate in like directions to cause said slurry from each wheel member to collide in opposite directions.

4. The comminution assembly as defined in claim 1 and further including conduit means for recirculating said homogeneous product.