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  <h1 class="usda-page-title usda-page-title-with-hero"><span>Reports and Journal Articles</span>
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<p><span><span><span>This page provides a list of economic reports produced by OCE economists over the past five years and published by USDA or in external journals.</span></span></span></p>
<ul>
	<li>Working Papers</li>
	<li>White Papers</li>
        <li>Reports to Congress</li>
	<li>Journal Articles</li>
	<li>Other Reports</li>
</ul>
<h2><a name="working"></a>Working Papers</h2>
<p><i>Has Global Agricultural Trade Been Resilient Under Coronavirus (COVID-19)? Findings From an Econometric Assessment:</i>  This paper provides a comprehensive ex post quantitative assessment of the impacts of COVID-19 on food and agricultural trade. It develops a monthly reduced form, gravity-based model of bilateral agricultural and non-agricultural trade and econometrically assesses different dimensions of the global pandemic effect.<br>
https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Covid19-and-Trade-OCEworkingpaper-USDA.pdf (PDF, 1.4 MB)</p>

<p><i>Agricultural and Food Policy Response to COVID-19:</i>  This working paper provides an overview of the major emergency actions taken to address food and agriculture needs during the pandemic. The paper focuses primarily on the Coronavirus Food Assistance Program, a direct payment program to producers administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and highlights its uniquely broad-based scope.<br>
https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Hungerford-COVID-USDA.pdf (PDF, 307 KB)</p>

<p><i>The Impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on U.S. Meat and Livestock Markets:</i>  This working paper assesses the COVID-19-related disruptions to meat and livestock markets in the United States. It provides a data-based description of the COVID-19 impact, including the shutdown of the food service sector, costs associated with packing plants’ efforts to move product across supply chains, and meatpacking plant closings. March 15, 2021.<br>
https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/covid-impact-livestock-markets.pdf (PDF, 397 KB)</p>

<p><i>Agricultural Productivity, Food Prices, and Consumer Food Expenditures Long-Run Trends and Short-Run Movements.</i> This paper examines agricultural productivity growth and its relationship to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and income, commodity prices, retail food prices, and domestic and international consumer food expenditures. The last portion of the paper examines how food prices and expenditures react in the short run to a massive shock to the economy and to the agricultural sector – specifically, coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic. November 4, 2020.<br>
https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/food-expenditures-white-paper.pdf (PDF, 1.4 MB)</p>

<h2><a name="papers"></a>White Papers</h2>
<p><em>Update of 2019 FSA Acreage Data and FAQs on USDA Acreage:</em> The paper describes how Farm Service Agency reported acreage differs from survey acreage from the National Agricultural Statistics Service and provides information prevented acreage. August 27, 2020.<br>
https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/NASSandFSAacreage_08222019.pdf</p>

<p><span><span><span><em><span><span>Trade Damage Estimation for the 2019 Market Facilitation Program and Food Purchase and Distribution Program.</span></span></em><span><span> This paper outlines the methodology USDA employed to estimate the level of gross trade damage caused by retaliatory tariffs to U.S. agricultural exports by commodity. Those estimates were used to determine the 2019 Market Facilitation Program (MFP) payment rates and the value of commodities to be targeted for purchase under the 2019 Food Purchase and Distribution Program (FPDP). The paper also outlines the formulas employed to calculate MFP county rates for non-specialty crops, as well as national MFP rates for specialty crops, hogs, and milk. August 22, 2019. </span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span><span><span><a href="https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/USDA_Trade_Methodology_Report_2019.pdf"><span><span>https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/USDA_Trade_Methodology_Report_2019.pdf</span></span></a></span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><em><span><span>Trade Damage Estimation for the Market Facilitation Program and Food Purchase and Distribution Program. </span></span></em><span><span>This paper outlines the methodology USDA employed to estimate the level of gross trade damage caused by retaliatory tariffs to U.S. agricultural exports by commodity. Those estimates were used to determine the Market Facilitation Program (MFP) payment rates and the value of commodities to be purchased under the Food Purchase and Distribution Program (FPDP). September 13, 2018.  </span></span><br>
<a href="https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/USDA_Trade_Methodology_Report_2018.pdf"><span><span>https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/USDA_Trade_Methodology_Report_2018.pdf</span></span></a></span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><em><span><span>Agricultural Provisions of The U.S.-China Economic and Trade Agreement and USDA Trade Forecasts. </span></span></em><span><span>This paper provides an overview of the agricultural provisions of the U.S.-China Economic and Trade Agreement and discusses how those provisions will be reflected in upcoming USDA commodity trade forecasts. February 6, 2020.</span></span><br>
<a href="https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/usda-trade-forecasts-us-china-agreement.pdf"><span><span>https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/usda-trade-forecasts-us-china-agreement.pdf</span></span></a> (PDF, 945 KB)</span></span></span></p>

<p><em>Why Trade Agreements Matter: The Case for U.S. Dairy</em>. This report examines changes in U.S. and global dairy markets and quantifies benefits to U.S. dairy from free trade agreements. October 2016.<br>https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/US-Dairy-and-Free-Trade-Agreements.pdf (PDF, 1.2 MB)</p>

<hr>

<h2><a name="congress"></a>Reports to Congress</h2>

<p>USDA Report to House and Senate Committees on Appropriations and Agriculture, October 31, 2019.  This report provides analysis of the impacts of retaliatory tariffs and nontariff barriers on U.S. agriculture, as well as data on the Market Facilitation Program and Food Purchase and Distribution Program for 2018 and 2019.<br>
https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/MFP-Report-to-Congress-October-2019.pdf (PDF, 1.9 MB)</p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span>USDA Report to Congress, April 2015. Economic Analysis of Country of Origin Labeling (COOL). As required by Sec. 12104 of the Agricultural Act of 2014, this report provides an economic analysis of the impact on U.S. consumers, producers, and packers from the implementation of mandatory country of origin labeling.</span></span><br>
<a href="https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Attachment1USDACOOLReport2015.pdf"><span><span>https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Attachment1USDACOOLReport2015.pdf</span></span></a> (PDF, 2.0 MB)</span></span></span></p>

<hr>

<h2><a name="journals"></a>Journal Articles, FarmDoc Blogs</h2>
<p>Marette, S., A-C. Disdier, A. Bodnar, and J. Beghin. 2022. “New plant engineering techniques, R&D investment and international trade.” Journal of Agricultural Economics 00:1–20. DOI: 10.1111/1477-9552.12516</p>

<p>MacLachlan, M.J., D. Boussios, and A.D. Hagerman. 2022. “Market Responses to Export Restrictions from Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreaks.” Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 47(1):209–224.<br>
www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Market-Responses-to-Export-Restrictions-from-Highly-Pathogenic-Avian-Influenza-Outbreaks.pdf (PDF, 1.7 MB)</p>

<p>DeLay, N.D., B. Brewer, A. Featherstone, and D. Boussios. 2022. “The impact of crop insurance on farm financial outcomes.” <i>Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy</i>.<br>
www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Applied-Eco-Perspectives-Pol-2022.pdf (PDF, 2.0 MB)</p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span>Enowski, H., S. Gerlt, A. Hungerford. September,2020. "How Do Adverse Planting Conditions Affect Crop Insurance Payment Timing?." farmdoc daily (10):159.</span></span><br>
<a href="https://farmdocdaily.illinois.edu/2020/09/how-do-adverse-planting-conditions-affect-crop-insurance-payment-timing.html"><span><span>https://farmdocdaily.illinois.edu/2020/09/how-do-adverse-planting-conditions-affect-crop-insurance-payment-timing.html</span></span></a> </span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span>Adjemian, M., S. Arita, V. Breneman, A. Hungerford and R. Johansson. October 2019.  "Market Reaction to USDA’s August Corn Crop Reports." farmdoc daily (9):186.</span></span><br>
<a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffarmdocdaily.illinois.edu%2F2019%2F10%2Fmarket-reaction-to-usda-august-corn-crop-reports.html&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cab109d8364b240fc52ca08d85d6f5d3a%7Ced5b36e701ee4ebc867ee03cfa0d4697%7C0%7C0%7C637362080170354994&sdata=RN%2BFLEt6H0XxLqX%2BgAdmSNYxCyJcZM33zRZl3aulik4%3D&reserved=0"><span><span>https://farmdocdaily.illinois.edu/2019/10/market-reaction-to-usda-august-corn-crop-reports.html</span></span></a> </span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span>Hungerford, A., S. Arita and R. Johansson.  October 2019. "Examining USDA 2019 Acreage and Yield Estimates." farmdoc daily (9):185, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.</span></span><br>
<a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffarmdocdaily.illinois.edu%2F2019%2F10%2Fexamining-usda-2019-acreage-and-yield-estimates.html&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cab109d8364b240fc52ca08d85d6f5d3a%7Ced5b36e701ee4ebc867ee03cfa0d4697%7C0%7C0%7C637362080170354994&sdata=SUGVL8NYOhEDnTfTV5UXcjiAoUnfzDH0wxhEOuUZxnQ%3D&reserved=0"><span><span>https://farmdocdaily.illinois.edu/2019/10/examining-usda-2019-acreage-and-yield-estimates.html</span></span></a> </span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span>Belasco, E.J. and  A. Hungerford. December 2018. “Examining the Design and Use of the Pasture, Rangeland, Forage (PRF) Program.” <em>Western Economic Forum. 16(2). </em></span></span><br>
<a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fageconsearch.umn.edu%2Frecord%2F287307%2Ffiles%2FBelasco.pdf&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cab109d8364b240fc52ca08d85d6f5d3a%7Ced5b36e701ee4ebc867ee03cfa0d4697%7C0%7C0%7C637362080170359967&sdata=%2FL6UUJJDT7o69nuoDQw%2F8%2FuCi3mWCt%2FvzyzhGZepK6A%3D&reserved=0"><em><span><span>http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/287307/files/Belasco.pdf</span></span></em></a><em> </em></span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Chavas, J.P., J. Cooper, and S. Wallander. “The Impact of Input and Output Decisions on Agricultural Production Risk”, <em>Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics</em> 44/3 (2019):513–535.</span></span></span><br>
https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/292329/files/JARE%2C44.3%2CSept2019%2C%234%2CChavas%2C513-535.pdf</span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Belasco, E., J. Cooper, and V. Smith. “The Development of a Weather-based Crop Disaster Program”, <em>American Journal of Agricultural Economics</em> Vol. 102/1(August 2019):240-258.</span></span></span><br>
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1093/ajae/aaz021?casa_token=EE95QPsqg34AAAAA:D4ibYipZ43q2gMjvkoUWUIStNBIvBkKL2U48tClu9-UXKmRTv9N-c8uSqfCdWKSfb4_HkStHwh-dBg</span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Mishra, A. and J. Cooper. “Impact of Farm programs on Farm Households in the US”, <em>J. of Policy Modeling</em>, 39 (2017): 387-409.</span></span></span><br>
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161893817300388?casa_token=wnjmulhmACcAAAAA:MYIP9ShbzQrbBRWKitcfO6Ar4P3JqSpfRl0iyvjltWz51kBmm9l53BQOPxIBq9ySquchLWjyzw</span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Cooper</span></span></span><strong><span><span><span>, </span></span></span></strong><span><span><span>A. J., Nam Tran, S. Wallander. “Testing for Specification Bias with a Flexible Fourier Transform Model for Crop Yields”, <em>American Journal of Agricultural Economics </em>Vol. 99/3 (April 2017): 800-815.</span></span></span><br>
https://academic.oup.com/ajae/article/99/3/800/2418164</span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span>Todd, J.E., L. Mancino, B. Restrepo, C. Kavanaugh, C. Dicken, V. Breneman.  September,2020. “Food Away From Home and Caloric Intake: The Role of Restaurant Menu Labeling Laws” Economic Inquiry.  Early View  </span></span><br>
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12923"><span><span>http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12923</span></span></a></span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Adjemian, M.K., Arita, S., Breneman, V., Johansson, R. and Williams, R., 2019. Tariff Retaliation Weakened the US Soybean Basis. <em>Choices</em>, <em>34</em>(316-2020-229), pp.1-9.</span></span></span></span><br>
<a href="https://www.choicesmagazine.org/choices-magazine/theme-articles/the-economic-impacts-of-trade-retaliation-on-us-agriculture-a-one-year-review/tariff-retaliation-weakened-the-us-soybean-basis"><span><span><span>https://www.choicesmagazine.org/choices-magazine/theme-articles/the-economic-impacts-of-trade-retaliation-on-us-agriculture-a-one-year-review/tariff-retaliation-weakened-the-us-soybean-basis</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Grant, J., Arita, S., Emlinger, C., Sydow, S., & Marchant, M. A. 2019. The 2018–2019 Trade Conflict: A One-Year Assessment and Impacts on US Agricultural Exports. <em>Choices</em>, <em>34</em>(316-2020-227), 1-8.</span></span></span></span><br>
<a href="https://www.choicesmagazine.org/choices-magazine/theme-articles/the-economic-impacts-of-trade-retaliation-on-us-agriculture-a-one-year-review/the-20182019-trade-conflict-a-one-year-assessment-and-impacts-on-us-agricultural-exports"><span><span><span>https://www.choicesmagazine.org/choices-magazine/theme-articles/the-economic-impacts-of-trade-retaliation-on-us-agriculture-a-one-year-review/the-20182019-trade-conflict-a-one-year-assessment-and-impacts-on-us-agricultural-exports</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Beckman, J. and Arita, S., 2017. Modeling the interplay between sanitary and phytosanitary measures and tariff-rate quotas under partial trade liberalization. <em>American Journal of Agricultural Economics</em>, <em>99</em>(4), pp.1078-1095. </span></span></span></span><br>
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aaw056"><span><span><span>https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aaw056</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Barnes, M.L., Arita, S., Kalberg, K. and Leung, P., 2017. When does it pay to cooperate? Strategic information exchange in the harvest of common-pool fishery resources. <em>Ecological Economics</em>, <em>131</em>, pp.1-11.</span></span></span></span><br>
<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800915306844"><span><span><span>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800915306844</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Arita, S., Beckman, J. and Mitchell, L., 2017. Reducing transatlantic barriers on US-EU agri-food trade: What are the possible gains?. <em>Food Policy</em>, <em>68</em>, pp.233-247.</span></span></span></span><br>
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.12.006"><span><span><span>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.12.006</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Hahn, W., S. Sydow, and W. Preston. 2019. Revisiting U.S. country of origin labeling trade damage estimates: how does an equilibrium displacement model perform under different scenarios. <em>Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics</em>, 67, pp. 349-361.</span></span></span></span><br>
<a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fepdf%2F10.1111%2Fcjag.12215&data=02%7C01%7C%7C6028edc114394ddbd5d508d85f31eec4%7Ced5b36e701ee4ebc867ee03cfa0d4697%7C0%7C0%7C637364015343013050&sdata=ShkwOg96O%2BdnyUcVfgM4ifVyLHWP1KbXTlTrM%2FF9ugk%3D&reserved=0"><span><span><span>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cjag.12215</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Gerlt, S., W. Thompson, R. Johansson, and S. Sydow. July 2016. “Now That It’s 2016, Let’s Compare 2014 Farm Bill Programs to the 2008 Farm Bill.” farmdoc daily (6):128.</span></span></span></span><br>
<a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffarmdocdaily.illinois.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F07%2Ffdd080716.pdf&data=02%7C01%7C%7C6028edc114394ddbd5d508d85f31eec4%7Ced5b36e701ee4ebc867ee03cfa0d4697%7C0%7C0%7C637364015343018029&sdata=cgN%2F9bG06%2FS2opwEO4%2F2VRA499FQZab2BJ9nzcGlz1o%3D&reserved=0"><span><span><span>https://farmdocdaily.illinois.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/fdd080716.pdf</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p>

<hr>

<h2><a name="other"></a>Other Reports </h2>
<p>Schroeder, Ted C., Coffey, Brian K., and Tonsor, Glynn T. 2021. Effective and Efficient Cattle and Beef Market Alignment: Price and Value Discovery, Divergent Incentives, Risk Management, and Future Prospects. Department of  Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University.<br>
https://agmanager.info/livestock-meat/marketing-extension-bulletins/marketing-strategies-and-livestock-pricing/effective</p>

<p>Fischer, Bart L., Outlaw, Joe L., Anderson, David P. 2021. The U.S. Beef Supply Chain: Issues and Challenges. Agricultural and Food Policy Center, Texas A&M University.<br>
https://www.afpc.tamu.edu/research/publications/710/cattle.pdf</p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span>Peterson, E., Grant J., and Sydow, S. 2017. Evaluating the Trade Impacts of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Using Historical Simulations. Center of Agricultural Trade, Virginia Tech University. </span></span><br>
<a href="https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/88020/CAT-OCE-BSE-FinalReport-10-17.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y"><span><span>https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/88020/CAT-OCE-BSE-FinalReport-10-17.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</span></span></a></span></span></span></p>

<p>Grant, J., X. Ning, and E. Peterson. 2018. Trade Elasticities and Trade Disputes: New Evidence from Tariffs and Relative Preference Margins.<br>
<span><span><span><a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Faaec.vt.edu%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Faaec_vt_edu%2Ftradecenter%2Fresearch-reports%2FCATT-RR-2018-07.pdf&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cb96613a86f2c4dacaf7608d85fde9f93%7Ced5b36e701ee4ebc867ee03cfa0d4697%7C0%7C0%7C637364757044308896&sdata=6hlOObp1gxK8QDliayfy98Ca%2F1f8pKDn4msUzojxU0M%3D&reserved=0"><span><span>https://aaec.vt.edu/content/dam/aaec_vt_edu/tradecenter/research-reports/CATT-RR-2018-07.pdf</span></span></a></span></span></span></p>

<p>Hejazi, M., J. Grant, and E. Peterson. 2018. Hidden Trade Costs? Maximum Residue Limits and U.S. Exports of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables.<br>
<span><span><span><a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Faaec.vt.edu%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Faaec_vt_edu%2Ftradecenter%2Fresearch-reports%2FCATT-RR-2018-06.pdf&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cb96613a86f2c4dacaf7608d85fde9f93%7Ced5b36e701ee4ebc867ee03cfa0d4697%7C0%7C0%7C637364757044318850&sdata=uFF7yNn5oj2ZYUR5KeMziFhPUGBywap6sLLp2%2F5C0u4%3D&reserved=0"><span><span>https://aaec.vt.edu/content/dam/aaec_vt_edu/tradecenter/research-reports/CATT-RR-2018-06.pdf</span></span></a></span></span></span></p>

<p>Ning, X. and J. Grant. 2019. New Estimates of the Ad valorem Equivalent of SPS Measures: Evidence from Specific Trade Concerns.<br>
<span><span><span><a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fvtechworks.lib.vt.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10919%2F95217%2FCAT%2520Research%2520Report-October%25202019.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cb96613a86f2c4dacaf7608d85fde9f93%7Ced5b36e701ee4ebc867ee03cfa0d4697%7C0%7C0%7C637364757044318850&sdata=HARjap49TRV8SWpRr1eDTXTaOI03noMTw3QxLuf1DUw%3D&reserved=0"><span><span>https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/95217/CAT%20Research%20Report-October%202019.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</span></span></a></span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span><span><span>Grant, J. and S. Arita. 2017. Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary Measures: Assessment, Measurement, and Impact. IATRC Commissioned Paper CP-21.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<a href="https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/259417"><span><span><span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span><span><span>https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/259417</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></p>
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