JUDICIARY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FUND 

GENERAL STATEMENT AND INFORMATION

The Judiciary Information Technology Fund (JITF) was established by Congress in fiscal year (FY) 1990 (28 U.S.C. § 612) to assist 

the judiciary in implementing its information technology (IT) initiatives. The authority of the JITF was extended indefinitely in the 

FY 1998 Commerce, Justice, State, Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act (P.L. 105-119). The JITF was authorized 

“without fiscal year limitation” for the procurement of information technology resources. The fund makes it possible to manage the 

IT program over a multi-year planning cycle, which allows more effective and efficient planning, budgeting, and use of funds for IT 

activities.

In keeping with the judiciary’s mission and primary business objectives, the IT program must identify, implement, and maintain costeffective solutions for the judiciary, bar, and the public. All IT expenses for the appellate, district, and bankruptcy courts and for 

probation and pretrial services offices must be paid from the JITF. 

Requirements are financed via the JITF from a variety of sources: 

• deposits from the courts’ Salaries and Expenses (S&E) account;

• fee collections from the Electronic Public Access program for IT expenses specifically related to improving public access to court

information (see Appendix 2, Electronic Public Access for more information on this program);

• unobligated balances in the fund from prior year financial plan savings (unencumbered);

• proceeds from the sale of excess IT equipment;

• annual allotments to the courts originally for non-IT purposes that are reprogrammed locally by the courts for IT initiatives, in

accordance with the judiciary’s budget decentralization program; and

• deposits from other judiciary appropriations that are non-mandatory judiciary users of the fund (such as the Court of Appeals for

the Federal Circuit (CAFC), the Court of International Trade (CIT), the U.S. Sentencing Commission (USSC), Court Security, the

Federal Judicial Center (FJC), and the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (AO)).

11.1
The majority of financing in the JITF originates from deposits from the S&E account. Table 11.1 on the following pages displays 

JITF requirements and funding sources for FY 2023 through the FY 2025 request. Tables 11.2 and 11.3 provide additional data about 

obligations and outlays. 

11.2
Table 11.1 Judiciary Information Technology Fund Obligations and Financing ($000) 

Obligations/Financing

FY 2023 

Actual

 FY 2024 

Assumed

Obligations

FY 2025 

Request

Obligations:

Salaries & Expenses Requirements (with carryforward) 660,896 804,353 796,636

EPA Program 166,842 251,175 187,187

Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts 2,485 6,552 0

Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 976 3,152 119

Court of International Trade 647 1,665 100

Court Security 0 0 0

Federal Judicial Center 0 0 0

U.S. Sentencing Commission 0 1,669 0

TOTAL JITF 831,846 1,068,566 984,042

Financing:

Salaries and Expenses

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year 91,090 157,604 20,000

New Deposits and Prior Year Recoveries 727,410 666,749 776,636

Unobligated Balance, End of Year -157,604 -20,000 0

Total Salaries & Expenses 660,896 804,353 796,636

EPA Program

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year 151,311 149,434 42,759

Estimated Receipts and Prior Year Recoveries 164,965 144,500 144,500

Unobligated Balance, End of Year -149,434 -42,759 -72

Total EPA Program 166,842 251,175 187,187

Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year 4,465 6,552 0

New Deposits and Prior Year Recoveries 4,572 0 0

Unobligated Balance, End of Year -6,552 0 0

Total Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts 2,485 6,552 0

11.3
Obligations/Financing

FY 2023 

Actual

 FY 2024 

Assumed

Obligations

FY 2025 

Request

Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year 2,444 4,350 1,198

New Deposits and Prior Year Recoveries 2,882 0 0

Unobligated Balance, End of Year -4,350 -1,198 -1,079

Total Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (non-EPA) 976 3,152 119

Court of International Trade

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year 1,371 1,765 100

New Deposits and Prior Year Recoveries 1041 0 0

Unobligated Balance, End of Year -1,765 -100 0

Total Court of International Trade (non-EPA) 647 1,665 100

Federal Judicial Center

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year 987 987 987

New Deposits and Prior Year Recoveries 0 0 0

Unobligated Balance, End of Year -987 -987 -987

Total Federal Judicial Center 0 0 0

U.S. Sentencing Commission

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year 1,669 1,669 0

New Deposits and Prior Year Recoveries 0 0 0

Unobligated Balance, End of Year -1,669 0 0

Total U.S. Sentencing Commission 0 1,669 0

GRAND TOTAL JITF $831,846 $1,068,566 $984,042

11.4
Table 11.2 Judiciary Information Technology Fund

Budget Object Class FY 2023 FY 2024 FY 2025

1100 Personnel compensation 4,191 5,384 4,958

2100 Travel 3,645 4,682 4,312

2200 Transportation of things 1 1 1

2300 Communications, utilities & miscellaneous 80,745 103,723 95,518

2400 Printing and reproduction 4,916 6,315 5,815

2500 Other services 481,836 618,953 569,994

2600 Supplies and materials 7,984 10,256 9,445

3100 Equipment 224,728 288,679 265,845

9100 Reimbursable Compensation and Benefits 23,800 30,573 28,154

831,846 1,068,566 984,042

Obligations by Budget Object Class

($000)

Total Obligations

11.5
Table 11.3 Judiciary Information Technology Fund

Relation of Obligations to Outlays ($000) 

FY 2024

FY 2023 Assumed FY 2025

Actual Obligations Request

Direct obligations incurred 831,846 1,068,566 984,042

Obligated balance, start of year 455,092 452,722 730,494

Adjustments of prior year activity (51,243) 0 0

Obligated balance, end of year (452,722) (730,494) (865,884)

Total Outlays 782,973 790,794 848,652 

Less Offsets (54) 0 0

Net Outlays 782,919 790,794 848,652 

11.6
PROGRAMS FUNDED FROM THE SALARIES AND EXPENSES ACCOUNT

Under the guidance of the Judicial Conference of the United States and according to the strategic direction and objectives contained in 

the Long-Range Plan for Information Technology in the Federal Judiciary, the judiciary continues to implement IT systems to meet 

the mission of the courts. The judiciary, like the rest of the public sector, depends on technology for communication systems, 

research, and information management systems to fulfill mission-critical needs. 

The judiciary has a successful enterprise-wide IT program upon which judges, court staff, probation and pretrial services officers, and 

others depend to conduct their mission-critical functions. This program includes a vital data communications infrastructure that 

connects all court units securely and is the lifeline for information transfer, applications that ensure the judiciary manages its resources 

effectively, and various court support projects and case management systems that provide judges and staff the tools they need to 

perform their day-to-day work. 

Judges and chambers staff rely on IT equipment, software, and complex data communication networks through which they access 

electronic case management systems, email, legal research databases, and numerous websites and applications. Many courtrooms are 

equipped with technologies that improve the quality and efficiency of courtroom proceedings through reduced trial time and improved 

fact-finding. A variety of IT tools help judges do their work more efficiently in areas ranging from text-search capability across 

pleadings, opinions, and court records to the timely receipt of critical information through seamless transmission of data from one 

court type to another. 

The judiciary continues to develop critical improvements to court support systems; including the financial management system, 

probation and pretrial services case management system, and court case management systems; as well as support essential 

cybersecurity programs. 

SIGNIFICANT ACTIVITIES

Cybersecurity and IT Modernization Efforts 

The combination of cyberattacks on judiciary IT systems and aging legacy applications critical to court operations has created IT 

vulnerabilities that require additional resources. Not addressing these IT vulnerabilities will impact the judiciary’s ability to provide 

11.7
core IT services and cyber protections for the courts and prevent the judiciary from undertaking much needed modernization projects.

Cybersecurity and IT modernization are identified as strategic priorities in Long-Range Plan for Information Technology in the 

Federal Judiciary because they ensure that the judiciary is able to continuously improve and secure judiciary-related records.

The judiciary has developed a multi-year Cybersecurity and IT Modernization Strategy (Strategy) to address the actions and initiatives 

necessary to respond to aging critical hardware, applications with outdated and potentially insecure software, and overburdened staff. 

The Strategy provides a framework to support changes needed in judiciary IT governance, the establishment of enterprise standards, 

improvements to enterprise visibility, and modernization of the security of systems and solutions across the judiciary. The Strategy

also positions the judiciary to be ready for technological advances. The activities outlined in the Strategy build upon efforts such as:

• Increasing IT standardization throughout the branch to improve the security of IT networks and systems by ensuring local

court IT systems and solutions are compatible with national applications and security requirements;

• Modernizing judiciary applications to upgrade or replace aging legacy applications with current and secure solutions that

support the mission and administrative needs of the judiciary;

• Enhancing and expanding data communications network (DCN) segmentation to restrict access to specific network segments

based on the health/location of the device connecting to the DCN and prevent movement across segmented network zones; and

• Modernizing the Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW) by moving from its current platform, which is built on outdated

technology, onto a new cloud-based platform with enhanced data management services.

The judiciary has begun integrating one-time, non-recurring requirements into its annual budget request via a multiyear cybersecurity 

and IT modernization plan, last submitted in March 2023, totaling $440.5 million covering FYs 2022-2027 ($412.4 million for the 

courts’ Salaries and Expenses (S&E) and $28.1 million for the Defender Services account). Of the $412.4 million for courts’ S&E, 

$283.6 million1 is assumed to have been funded to date, including $21.1 million in FY 2022, $106.1 million in FY 2023, and $156.42

million assumed in FY 2024. The FY 2025 JITF budget request includes $122.0 million to fulfill requirements from the plan. 

1 Number excludes $0.3 million in FY 24 technical adjustments. 2 Number excludes $0.3 million in FY 24 technical adjustments.

11.8
The FY 2025 request is $41.9 million higher than the FY 2025 requirements identified in the March 2023 submission ($122.0 million 

vs. $80.2 million). The projected costs for implementing the Strategy have increased as a result of greater insight into the rapidly 

escalating need and cost for critical cybersecurity tools like insider threat prevention. The initial cost projections were developed 

approximately two years ago, and several factors have increased costs including higher inflation rates and rising costs of technology. 

An updated version of the entire multi-year plan will be submitted to Congress following the enactment of final FY 2024 

appropriations. 

Identity and Access Management (IdAM)

Currently, judiciary users have multiple logon IDs and passwords to access various national systems, making it difficult to track users' 

movements from one system to the next. The current Identity and Access Management (IdAM) system employed by the judiciary was 

first implemented in 2007 and is no longer considered state-of-the-art. It is dependent on the payroll system and does not align with 

industry best practices. Additionally, the judiciary is embarking on the implementation of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), of which a 

modern Identity, Credentialing, and Access Management (ICAM) system serves as the foundation. The Judiciary’s current IdAM 

solution predates ZTA and does not provide any of the required capabilities necessary, such as adaptive multi-factor authentication, 

continuous authentication, and more. The current IdAM solution also does not provide the ability to adequately manage cloud 

infrastructure and entitlement management (CIEM) capabilities for a multi-cloud environment, which the Judiciary is rapidly evolving 

towards. These deficiencies in modern capabilities are drastically hampering efforts to modernize infrastructure and applications, 

increasing security risks, and compromising the judiciary’s ability to effectively operate a distributed IT environment (an environment 

where data and software processing is distributed to reduce the impact of any particular site or hardware failure). Modernizing the 

IdAM system and implementing a cloud-based system capable of supporting a multi-cloud environment will enhance the judiciary’s 

security posture, enhance audit capabilities, and provide a better user experience.

The judiciary is in the process of standing up the new IdAM program to include a governance board, staffing plans, communications, 

and proposed architecture for the final design. In early FY 2024, the judiciary will decide how to best tackle the challenges associated 

with modernizing the existing IdAM solution. It is anticipated the funding requirements to implement a modern ICAM solution will 

be substantial, so the FY 2025 request includes $7.5 million to cover costs for engineering and design staff, implementation engineers, 

and both on-premise and cloud-based tools. 

11.9
PACTS 360

For the last several years, the judiciary has provided updates on the efforts to stabilize and replace the Probation and Pretrial Services 

Automated Case Tracking System (PACTS) and ancillary applications. PACTS is the case management system used by 

approximately 8,000 probation and pretrial services officers and staff to conduct and manage investigations, risk assessments, and 

supervision of defendants and supervision of individuals on pre-trial or post-conviction release. Currently there are more than 30 

applications that work together with PACTS to enable probation and pretrial services offices to perform their official duties. These 

applications, along with PACTS, have experienced recurring outages, slowdowns, and increasing costs to maintain the outdated 

systems. The judiciary has undertaken a two-phased approach to address problems with the reliability and performance of PACTS 

and the ancillary applications. The first phase involves the stabilization of PACTS and existing applications. The second phase is to 

develop a replacement system for PACTS and the ancillary systems. Both phases are ongoing. 

The judiciary continues to develop the various components of the cloud-based application (PACTS 360) chosen as the replacement 

system. These components include the architecture, infrastructure, cybersecurity, data migration preparation, required business 

capabilities, implementation preparation, and training materials. The FY 2024 assumed obligations include $29.8 million to continue 

the development of the capabilities required to begin pilot implementation and integration into the Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW). 

The EDW supports data analysis and management reporting across judiciary wide data sources. The FY 2025 budget request includes 

$31.8 million with planned obligations and contract awards for: 1) continued product development, which includes the business, 

infrastructure, security capabilities, and development of user training material; 2) continued implementation with districts and 

operations to include monitoring, support desk support, and cybersecurity; and 3) software subscriptions and cloud hosting services 

consumption for development and production operations. 

Judiciary Integrated Financial Management System (JIFMS) Upgrade 

The judiciary needs a technical upgrade to the Judiciary Integrated Financial Management System (JIFMS), the judiciary’s official 

budget, accounting, and procurement system. The current version of JIFMS (Momentum 7.02) is over eight years and ten releases 

behind the current release of the commercial off-the-shelf Momentum product. This large gap in updates renders JIFMS 

technologically obsolete, which causes performance degradations and poses significant support and security risks. JIFMS and PACTS 

11.10
360 are two of systems identified in the Long-Range Plan for Information Technology in the Federal Judiciary for improvements due 

to their importance in provide services to the judiciary. 

The upgrade of JIFMS from version 7.02 (released in September 2010) to version 8.x is critical to address numerous audit/security 

concerns, technical obsolescence of third-party support tools, performance concerns, and government compliance functionality. The 

age of the system and the supporting third party tools inhibit compliance with judiciary security standards, exposing the judiciary to 

potential cyber risks. 

There are currently several audit and IT security findings which will be remediated with the upgrade of the system, improving both 

operational and technical efficiencies while strengthening the judiciary’s cyber security posture. With this upgrade, the judiciary will 

comply with the government wide G-Invoicing (a web-based application for federal agencies to buy/sell from each other) mandate to 

support agency-to-agency Intergovernmental Payment and Collections (IPAC) and a consolidated financial statement. A major 

upgrade is a foundational step to incorporate future incremental upgrades at a more manageable and predictable cost as part of the

operations and maintenance cycle. 

The upgrade is scheduled to be fully implemented across the judiciary by the end of FY 2025. Fully funding the upgrade is critical to 

a successful implementation as the judiciary has made significant strides through the consolidation of 95 separate financial databases 

into a single instance. A substantial upgrade such as this cannot be achieved with partial funding or in an a-la-carte manner due to its 

complexity and targeted implementation window. Delayed funding could create security vulnerabilities and will further delay the 

project to consolidate financial information into one statement. The judiciary’s FY 2025 budget request includes $3.6 million to fund 

activities associated with completing the implementation of the upgraded JIFMS 8.x. These activities include project management 

and implementation support for the upgrade implementation planned for the spring of 2025. 

Data Center Move

The judiciary has two internet data centers, located in Ashburn, Virginia, and San Diego, California. The data centers are 

geographically dispersed to serve the eastern and western halves of the country. In 2018, AT&T, the owner of the judiciary data 

center in San Diego, California, sold the facility and notified the judiciary that it must move out by July 2024. In June 2022, the 

judiciary was notified that the move out date was changed to December 2023. This caused the judiciary to begin planning the move 

11.11
under a much tighter timeline. The judiciary was required to migrate the San Diego data center to a new location in El Segundo, 

California, which is relatively close to the current data center and facilitated a move that minimizes disruption to the courts. 

In July 2023, the judiciary began shutting down equipment/systems in the San Diego data center. In August 2023, all services in San 

Diego were shut down and all judiciary services were operating out of the Ashburn data center. The judiciary started the equipment 

move to El Segundo and began developing the reconstitution plans. The equipment move to El Segundo was completed in September 

2023. 

Currently, work is being completed with western courts to move their operations from Ashburn and into El Segundo along with other 

services that would normally operate in this data center. The judiciary required substantial resources to complete the data center 

move, including funding for additional hardware to stand up a new data center and contractual labor to support the move. The FY 

2022 financial plan included $17.9 million for labor support, hardware, and circuits; the FY 2023 financial plan included $12.0 million 

to continue these efforts; and FY 2024 assumed obligations include $2.6 million to complete activities associated with the data center 

move. The total projected cost for the data center move is approximately $32.5 million. The move is progressing on schedule and 

within budget, so additional funding will not be required beyond FY 2024. 

Cybersecurity

The judiciary has been modernizing its cybersecurity operations and is continually strengthening its cybersecurity posture. Sustaining 

these efforts and implementing additional security-related initiatives continues to require significant resources. Like other commercial 

and government entities, the judiciary is targeted repeatedly by attempted cyberattacks against its information systems, judges, and 

other personnel. For the past three years, these incidents have increased, and the level of sophistication associated with these incidents 

has also risen. Judiciary cyber-defenses blocked approximately 200 million harmful events from reaching court local area networks in 

FY 2023. This is an overall decrease from FY 2022 due to the judiciary’s data center migration and transition to cloud based 

infrastructure, which reduced the number of systems and applications exposed to the internet for malicious actors to attack directly.

Though the decrease is positive, based on historical trends and the cyber landscape, cyberattacks will intensify in volume and 

sophistication as hackers seek to disrupt U.S. government functionality and judiciary operations. 

11.12
Cybersecurity activities and the employment of security-related assets are integral to the many IT systems, networks, and operations of 

the judiciary. The Judicial Conference requires all judiciary organizations to conduct annual security awareness training and maintain 

the security health of their local area networks. At the local court level, court units receive enterprise-license security software for 

endpoint protection, web-based threat protection, and vulnerability scanning. 

For FY 2025, the judiciary requests $137.3 million in appropriated S&E funding for cybersecurity (including $46.5 million of relevant 

activities from the Cybersecurity and IT Modernization multi-year plan), which is a net increase of $14.9 million above the FY 2024 

assumed obligations of $122.4 million. This number represents the subset of judiciary IT activities that meets a specified definition of 

cybersecurity, but additional investments outside of these specific activities also help to improve the branch’s cybersecurity posture. 

For example, the replacement of an outdated IT system with a more modern alternative may be done for operational reasons, but the 

new system may also offer better cybersecurity protections than the old version. In addition, further S&E cybersecurity activities may 

be funded with non-appropriated resources (primarily Electronic Public Access fee collections) not included in the $137.3 million 

request. As a result, the cybersecurity funding numbers presented here should not be read as a comprehensive total of every 

investment that contributes to judiciary cybersecurity, but rather as the total of investments targeted solely at cybersecurity and funded 

with appropriated S&E dollars. 

The judiciary’s cybersecurity efforts include: 

• reinvigorating judiciary workforce training programs;

• standardizing a set of security tools;

• planning for the integration of next generation security architectures, such as zero trust architecture;

• monitoring judiciary devices 24 hours a day, seven days a week;

• promoting best practices and raising awareness of available patches and emerging threats;

• implementing multi-factor authentication across the judiciary;

• scanning programs and applications for vulnerabilities; and

• engaging independent third parties to perform periodic assessments.

11.13
Cybersecurity costs are separately presented in table 11.4, shown below, to provide information detailing the judiciary’s financial 

commitment to cybersecurity. (Additional cybersecurity funds are included, but not displayed separately, in the budget accounts for 

the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, the Court of International Trade, the United States Sentencing Commission, the Federal 

Judicial Center, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Defender Services, and Court Security as well as in the

Electronic Public Access Appendix). Within the courts’ S&E account, cybersecurity accounts for 17.7 percent of the total FY 2025 

JITF requirements. Cybersecurity resources are interspersed throughout the various IT program components and are a subset of the 

total requirements included in the program components shown in table 11.5 on page 11.16. 

Table 11.4 Salaries and Expenses JITF Cybersecurity Requirements ($000)

IT Program Component ($000)

FY 2024 

Planned FY 2025 Request 

Increase/(Decrease) 

From FY 2024 

Judicial Statistics & Reporting Systems 367 539 172

Administrative & Management Systems 924 982 58 

Telecommunications Program 44,917 52,423 7,506 

Infrastructure & Collaboration Tools 26,938 30,867 3,929 

Court Administration & Case Management 2,646 2,680 34 

Cybersecurity & IT Modernization Plan 46,588 46,534 (54)

Court Support Reimbursable Program 0 3,295 3,295 

TOTAL, S&E JITF Cybersecurity 122,380 137,320 14,940

The FY 2025 S&E JITF cybersecurity request includes adjustments as follows: 

• A $0.2 million net inflationary increase in Judicial Statistics and Reporting, Administrative and Management, Court

Administration and Case Management systems, and Cybersecurity & IT Modernization Plan;

• A $7.5 million net increase in the Telecommunications program associated with cyclical replacement of data communications

equipment and judiciary firewall service licenses;

• A net increase of $4.0 million in the Infrastructure and Collaboration Tools program component is associated with systems

security testing, security assessments, and identity and access management; and

11.14
• Within the Court Support Reimbursable Program, a $3.3 million increase for positions to support cybersecurity improvements.

Additionally, in FY 2025, the judiciary plans to use $39.7 million of Electronic Public Access fee collections (compared to $30.1 

million in FY 2024) for cybersecurity activities associated with security assets and operations to protect the Case

Management/Electronic Case Files system and the Public Access to Court Electronic Records network, resulting in a total FY 2025 

court cybersecurity program of approximately $177.0 million.

Technology Associated with New Courthouse Construction

In FY 2016, Congress provided nearly $1 billion for eleven courthouse construction projects, which included full funding for eight 

new courthouses and partial funding for a ninth new courthouse on the Courthouse Project Priorities (CPP) list, and funding for new 

construction and acquisition of two federal buildings that jointly house courthouses and other federal agencies that were on GSA’s 

long-range plan. In FY 2018, Congress provided $437 million to fully fund the ninth FY 2016 courthouse project and to construct two 

additional courthouses. Though funding for the construction of courthouses is appropriated directly to GSA, the judiciary requires 

funding for IT, security, and other space-related infrastructure requirements to ensure that these new courthouses are fully functional 

and operational as required by the U.S. Courts Design Guide. 

The FY 2025 request includes $5.1 million for the costs of providing local-area networks, communications infrastructure, and 

courtroom technology to new courthouse projects in Hartford, Connecticut; Chattanooga, Tennessee; Fort Lauderdale, Florida; 

Greenville, Mississippi. The total of $5.1 million in FY 2025 requirements reflects a decrease of $0.5 million from FY 2024 

requirements of $5.6 million. 

Judiciary Information Technology Fund Program Requirements 

The FY 2025 request reflects an essential growth in requirements for the ongoing demands of maintaining intricate data 

communications networks, operating systems, and effective and secure applications. To enable the courts to function most effectively, 

the judiciary has also taken an aggressive approach to maintaining and upgrading critical court support systems that provide financial 

reporting, personnel and payroll management, statistical reporting, and case management. A total of $711.9 million of base IT 

requirements are assumed to be funded in FY 2024. This represents the amount that will be deposited in the JITF from the S&E 

11.15
account. The requirements for FY 2025 are $776.6 million. As shown in table 11.5, funding for the S&E JITF obligations supports 

eight program components described in more detail below.

IT Program Component

FY 2024

Projected 

Obligations 

(Col A)

FY 2023

Slipped

Requirements 

(Col B)

FY 2024

Base

Requirements

(Col A - Col B)

Change:

FY 2024

Adj. Base

Requirements

to FY 2025

Current

Services

Requirements

FY 2025 

Program

Increases

FY 2025

Total

Requirements

Judicial Statistics & Reporting Systems 9,336 0 9,336 4,597 0 13,933

Administrative & Management Systems 70,371 5,056 65,315 18,793 426 84,534

Telecommunications Program 120,068 9,030 111,038 15,623 6,256 132,917

Infrastructure and Collaboration Tools 139,196 15,369 123,827 6,386 20,661 150,874

Court IT Allotments 116,682 910 115,772 16,196 0 131,968

Court Administration & Case Management 33,905 8,843 25,062 950 0 26,012

Cybersecurity & IT Modernization Priorities 1 209,038 52,589 156,449 -34,400 0 122,049

Court Support Reimbursable Program 105,095 0 105,095 9,254 0 114,349

TOTAL, S&E JITF 2 803,691 91,797 711,894 37,399 27,343 776,636

1 FY 2024 numbers exclude $0.3 million in technical adjustments not reflected in this chart.

2 Excludes $0.6 million from FY 2024 planned obligations due to technical adjustments not reflected in the above numbers.

Table 11.5 Salaries and Expenses Obligations – Judiciary Information Technology Fund Program Requirements 

($000)

This FY 2025 budget request is based on assumed FY 2024 obligations. The FY 2024 assumed funding level of $711.9 million will 

be deposited into the JITF from the S&E account. Any changes to FY 2025 requirements due to final FY 2024 appropriations will be 

included in the judiciary’s re-estimates of its FY 2025 budget request. 

11.16
11.17
The following sections present FY 2025 requirements for the 

S&E portion of the JITF. In total, requirements increase from 

an assumed base level of $711.9 million in FY 2024 to $776.6 

million in FY 2025. The FY 2025 request includes program 

increases of $27.3 million associated with hosting services 

maintenance ($20.7 million), Judiciary Cloud initiative support 

($6.2 million), and development of a judiciary budget 

formulation and execution system ($0.4 million). The 

following pages discuss significant changes between the FY 

2024 base requirements and the FY 2025 requirements.

Judicial Statistical & Reporting Systems

FY 2025 Requirements: $13,933,000 

Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2024: 4,597,000 

This category includes systems to support gathering and 

reporting statistics in the judiciary; data analysis and 

management reporting across judiciary-wide data sources; and 

planning and decision-making with staffing, financial, and 

workload data. 

The base in this category increased by $4.6 million due to

continuing modernization of the Enterprise Data Warehouse 

(EDW).

Administrative & Management Systems

FY 2025 Requirements: $84,534,000 

Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2024: $18,793,000 

Program Increase: $426,000

This category includes the judiciary’s financial and personnel 

management systems, as well as systems to support and 

manage space and facilities projects, travel expenses, and 

judiciary web sites. 

The FY 2025 budget request includes $8.4 million to restore

base requirements not supported in the FY 2024 funding 

assumption, $1.4 million for rising contract costs, and $9.0 

million for JIFMS operational support. This category also

includes a program increase to begin requirements gathering 

for the future development of a judiciary budget formulation 

and execution system ($0.4 million). This system will enable 

integrated development, analysis, justification, and presentation 

of the national budget request and development of the national 

financial plan. 

Telecommunications Program

FY 2025 Requirements: $132,917,000 

Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2024: $15,623,000 

Program Increase: $6,256,000

This program involves support for voice and data transmission 

services and telecommunications. The judiciary’s 

communications program enables the judiciary to operate 

communications services for the appellate, district, and 

11.18
bankruptcy courts and for probation and pretrial services 

offices, as well as to procure communications equipment for 

new courthouses and courthouses undergoing major repairs and 

alteration.

The base in this category increased by $15.6 million. This net 

increase includes $4.6 million for the cyclical replacement of 

data communications network equipment, $4.6 million to 

support contract labor price increases, $4.4 million for rising 

maintenance costs, and $2.0 million for security operations 

center (SOC) contractor support cost increases. 

The request also includes a program increase of $6.3 million to

support the engineering and integration of a private cloud 

solution that is based on existing private cloud architecture and 

cloud native services and tools that would be needed to achieve 

like functionality to services currently provided within the 

judiciary internet data centers. The requested resources fund 

the connectivity, associated hardware, infrastructure, and 

engineers to support the cloud infrastructure. 

Infrastructure & Collaboration Tools 

FY 2025 Requirements: $150,874,000 

Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2024: $6,386,000 

Program Increase: $20,661,000

This category encompasses building and maintaining a robust, 

reliable, and resilient judiciary-wide IT infrastructure. 

Included are the costs of hardware, software, and IT security 

associated with the judiciary’s full enterprise hosting and cloud 

computing services and email and collaboration systems. This 

category also includes the costs of IT infrastructure for new 

courthouse construction projects and operating systems’ 

support, maintenance, testing, and research. 

The base in this category increases due to Office 365 

engineering support ($2.3 million), rising contract costs ($2.1 

million), and maintenance of the incident and service request 

management system ($2.0 million). 

The $20.7 million program increase will fund additional 

maintenance agreements, hardware, and software for hosting 

services for the judiciary at the two internet data centers. 

Funding supports cyclically replacing devices and procuring 

new equipment to fulfill new system requirements. In addition, 

software licensing is required to support disaster recovery and 

accommodate an overall increase in servers and storage. Also, 

maintenance agreements are required to support computing and 

storage devices. Though the judiciary continues to work on 

transitioning IT systems to the cloud, physical data centers 

continue to host the majority of judiciary IT systems and 

software at this point and require continued investment to 

remain operational.

Court IT Allotments

FY 2025 Requirements: $131,968,000 

11.19
Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2024: $16,196,000 

These allotted funds cover costs paid directly by courts for 

operating, maintaining, and replacing computers, printers, 

local-area-network equipment, and software. Also included in 

this category are costs for local telecommunications services, 

equipment, maintenance, and courtroom technology. 

The base adjustment is due to recurring IT infrastructure and

maintenance expenses ($7.6 million), an adjustment due to the 

refresh of the IT portion of the aggregate allotment ($6.2 

million) and rising IT equipment costs ($2.4 million). 

Court Administration & Case Management

FY 2025 Requirements: $26,012,000 

Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2024: $950,000 

This category contains a variety of tools, including Probation 

and Pretrial Services Automated Tracking System (PACTS) 

360, to access critical case information and law enforcement 

databases; systems for juror qualification, management, and 

payment; tools for jury participants to communicate with the 

courts; as well as the system that captures requests for 

payments to private court-appointed counsel and expert service 

providers. 

The base adjustment is associated with an increase of $1.0 

million to modernize probation and pretrial applications not 

subsumed into the modernized PACTS 360. 

Cybersecurity & IT Modernization Plan

FY 2025 Requirements: $122,049000 

Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2024: ($34,400,000) 

This category encompasses requirements related to the 

judiciary’s multi-year cybersecurity and IT modernization plan. 

These funds will be dedicated to high-priority cybersecurity 

efforts and modernizing aging legacy systems or applications 

that are based on vulnerable programming technologies or 

technologies that are becoming obsolete. 

The multi-year plan is based on an infusion of resources across

seven fiscal years. The majority of the funding was requested 

to begin projects in the first three fiscal years. As projects 

from FY 2023 and FY 2024 are funded and get underway, the 

request begins to decline in FY 2025 even after accounting for 

cost escalation and other factors that have increased FY 2025 

requirements over previous estimates for that year. As a result, 

base requirements associated with the multi-year plan decrease

by a net $34.4 million in FY 2025. This projection of declining 

requirements in FY 2025 is based on the assumption that 

modernization requirements are fully funded in FY 2024. 

11.20
Court Support Reimbursable Program

FY 2025 Requirements: $114,349,000 

Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2024: $9,254,000 

This category funds AO staff that provide IT development, 

management, and maintenance services to the courts. These 

services include IT policy and planning guidance; architecture 

and infrastructure support; security services; development, 

testing, and implementation of national IT applications; IT 

training; and other administrative and IT support services on 

behalf of the courts. 

The FY 2025 budget request for the court support reimbursable 

program includes $3.4 million for cost-of-living adjustments, 

health benefit costs, and inflation in FY 2025; and the 

annualization of 60 additional positions for the IT AO 

reimbursable program (58 positions for infrastructure and 

modernization and 2 positions for web development) ($5.7 

million) assumed to be funded in FY 2024. 

11.21
PROGRAMS FUNDED FROM DEPOSITS FROM 

OTHER JUDICIARY ACCOUNTS

Organizations within the judiciary that are not mandatory users 

of the JITF may deposit funds to assist them in managing their 

IT efforts. In recent years, the following organizations and 

programs have made such deposits.

Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

The Court anticipates obligating $119,000 from the JITF in 

FY 2025. This amount includes increased costs for the 

courtroom technology upgrade project and information 

technology (IT) cybersecurity upgrades, network and 

infrastructure upgrades, and IT scorecard related upgrades. 

Obligations will also include the annual renewal of software 

licenses such as Office 365 and many other software packages 

integral to court operations, and IT-related training and travel

for all staff. Finally, IT equipment maintenance expenses will 

be paid using funds from the JITF. 

Court of International Trade 

At the beginning of FY 2024, $1,765,000 was available in 

carry forward balances from the JITF. The Court is planning to 

obligate $1,665,000 from the JITF in FY 2024 to: 

• install audio/video technology for use in courtrooms

and conference rooms;

• license and maintain the court’s IT hardware and

software applications;

• maintain and support digital recording systems, data

network and voice connections, Virtual Private

Network System (VPN), Voice Over Internet Protocol

(VOIP), and Judiciary Data Communications Network

(DCN); and

• procure computer desktop systems, laptops, conference

phones, and mobile devices, according to the

judiciary’s cyclical replacement program.

At the beginning of FY 2025, the Court anticipates that 

$100,000 will be available in carryforward balances in the 

JITF. These funds will be used to continue the Court’s 

information technology initiatives as described above and 

to support its short-term and long-term IT needs. 

Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts

At the beginning of FY 2024, the AO had $6,552,000 available 

in the JITF from deposits that were made in previous fiscal 

years. In FY 2024, the AO intends to obligate the entire 

amount to replace AO personal computers, laptops, printers, 

and related equipment pursuant to an approximate four-year 

replacement cycle, as well as copiers, video conferencing 

equipment, and software as required. The AO currently does 

not anticipate an end-of-year balance to be carried forward into 

FY 2025. 

11.22
Federal Judicial Center

At the beginning of FY 2024, the FJC had $987,000 available 

in carryforward balances from the Judiciary Information 

Technology Fund. The FJC has no plans to utilize JITF Funds 

in FY 2024 or FY 2025.

U.S. Sentencing Commission 

At the beginning of FY 2024, $1,669,000 was available in

carryforward balances from the JITF. Of this amount, the 

Commission is planning to use the entire $1,669,000 during FY 

2024 to support continued efforts in cybersecurity.

Key cybersecurity initiatives include strengthening security 

processes and protocols, leveraging recent developments in 

encryption technology, and auditing authorized users to avoid 

data compromises. Additional work in the automation includes 

database enhancements and maintenance, data extraction, data

warehousing and other efforts to enhance the security of the 

Commission’s internal systems. The planned introduction of 

PACTS in federal courts will also require significant resources 

to interface with the Commission’s data collection systems. 

11.23