The Judiciary

Fiscal Year 2022

Congressional Budget Summary

PREPARED BY

THE ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE U.S. COURTS

WASHINGTON, DC

February 2021
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Overview

The Judiciary’s fiscal year (FY) 2022 discretionary budget request of $8.1 billion is a 

5.2 percent increase over the Judiciary’s FY 2021 enacted appropriation of $7.7 billion. The 

Judiciary’s FY 2022 appropriations request also includes $756.5 million in mandatory 

appropriations. The Judiciary built its FY 2022 budget request on the FY 2021 enacted 

appropriations. The Judicial Conference is grateful for the support that Congress continues to 

show the Judiciary through the annual appropriations process. 

As with nearly every institution throughout the world, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic 

has profoundly impacted the Judiciary and the judicial process. Responding to the pandemic 

continues to be a challenging and costly endeavor, affecting all areas of the Judiciary. With 

significant investments in information technology infrastructure and telecommunications

solutions, the Judiciary has been able to continue operations during the pandemic, albeit 

frequently under modified conditions and at the expense of investments in other necessary 

capabilities. COVID-19 is expected to continue affecting the Judiciary for several more years, as 

the Judiciary will likely face a backlog of cases when the pandemic ends and new bankruptcy 

filings will almost certainly rise due to the pandemic’s impact on the economy. 

While the unpredictable nature of the pandemic and the uncertain timeline for the 

restoration of normal operations significantly complicate the effort to project future workload—

and, thus, future budget requirements—the Judiciary’s FY 2022 request represents the 

Judiciary’s best estimate of its funding needs based on currently available information and the 

Branch’s assessment of the resources necessary to adequately support its workforce and technical 

and physical infrastructure.

Fiscal Year 2021 Priorities

The FY 2021 enacted levels will fund FY 2021 pay and non-pay adjustments to base and 

other Judiciary priorities. For the courts’ Salaries and Expenses account, the FY 2021 enacted 

appropriation will fund two additional magistrate judge positions, chambers staff to support the 

large number of Article III judges confirmed in FY 2020 and additional projected FY 2021 

confirmations, continuing cybersecurity requirements, and additional resources for ongoing 

courthouse construction projects. 

The FY 2021 enacted level for the Defender Services account will provide necessary

additional resources to handle its workload, including additional federal defender organization 

staff and additional projected panel attorney payments. Regarding panel attorney hourly rates, 

with inflationary adjustments, the capital and non-capital panel attorney rates increased to $197 

Foreword
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and $155 per hour, respectively, for work performed on or after January 1, 2021. The noncapital panel attorney hourly rate is now at the current statutory maximum of $155 per hour, a 

long-time goal of the Judiciary. 

The FY 2021 enacted level for the Court Security account will support essential security

needs, including infrastructure costs associated with ongoing courthouse construction projects; 

continued investments for the modernization and cyclical replacement of physical access control 

systems program (PACS), video management systems (VMS), and other equipment; and 

sustainment of the facility access card program. 

The FY 2021 enacted level for the Fees of Jurors and Commissioners account was below 

the FY 2020 enacted level, but is sufficient to fund fully FY 2021 projected juror costs when 

utilizing higher carryforward balances available from FY 2020. Additional carryforward 

balances are available because of reduced juror activity in FY 2020 related to the impact of the 

COVID-19 pandemic on grand jury and jury trials. 

Fiscal Year 2022 Budget Request

The Judiciary’s FY 2022 budget request represents a 5.2 percent increase over the 

FY 2021 enacted level. Much of the requested increase is necessary just to maintain current 

services, including meeting government-wide obligations to fund previously enacted federal pay 

rate increases and required adjustments to Federal Employees Retirement System contributions. 

Other resources, however, are needed to meet unique demands on the Branch: the need to 

support the substantial increase in Article III judge confirmations that began in April 2019, the 

requirement to expand judicial operations and staffing to address expected increases in workload 

and caseload, including increases due to the Supreme Court’s recent decision in McGirt v. 

Oklahoma, and the obligation to modernize or replace existing and outdated facilities and 

infrastructure. The Judiciary’s budget request seeks the resources required to sustain operations 

and meet these additional demands while still honoring our ongoing commitment to efficiency 

and cost containment. 

 For the courts’ Salaries and Expenses account, the Judiciary requests $5.7 billion, an 

increase of $257.9 million (4.8 percent) in discretionary appropriations over the FY 2021 enacted 

level. This request funds a number of critical new investments, including six additional full-time 

and one part-time magistrate judges, additional court support staff and probation and pretrial 

services program staff due to higher workload estimates, a small staff increase for the temporary 

bankruptcy law clerk program, and renewal of the judiciary firewall service enterprise license to 

support cybersecurity requirements. 

For the Defender Services account, the Judiciary requests $1.4 billion, an increase of 

$93.4 million (7.1 percent) over the FY 2021 enacted level. This request includes sufficient 

funding to add 104 full-time equivalents in federal defender organizations (FDOs) and to support 

all projected panel attorney representations in FY 2022. In addition, this request supports an 
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FDO staffing reserve to quickly allocate resources to address significant caseload surges, a new

Diversity Fellowship Program that will increase the diversity of attorneys qualified to join FDOs, 

additional program oversight positions, as well as funding for the establishment of a new federal

defender organization in a qualifying district. 

For the Court Security account, the Judiciary requests $682.1 million, an increase of

$18.1 million (2.7 percent) over the FY 2021 enacted level. The request includes additional 

funding for PACS; security infrastructure and additional court security officers (CSOs) for new

courthouses; the phased implementation of an equipment modernization and cyclical

replacement program for VMS and associated staffing; the fifth year of the phased 

implementation of the CSO staffing standards; and additional United States Marshals Service 

(USMS) staff. The Judiciary also continues to work closely with its security providers at the 

USMS and Federal Protective Service (FPS) to improve judges’ physical security in response to 

the tragic attack on U.S. District Judge Esther Salas’s family in July 2020 as well as increasing 

threats against judges generally. 

For the Fees of Jurors and Commissioners account, the Judiciary seeks $53.7 million, an

increase of $21.2 million (65.1 percent) over the FY 2021 enacted level. The increase over the 

prior year level is much larger than normal due to the significant use of unobligated balances to 

fund base program requirements in FY 2021 as described above. Without continuing access to 

those one-time funds, additional appropriations are required to ensure that total obligations 

remain stable in the juror program. The FY 2022 request is sufficient to fund all projected petit 

and grand juror requirements.

Courthouse Construction and Capital Security Improvements

The Judiciary’s courthouse construction and capital security projects are funded from the 

General Services Administration (GSA) budget. The Judiciary continues to focus on effectively 

managing the 13 courthouse/federal building projects whose construction costs were funded in 

FY 2016 and FY 2018. The Judiciary is grateful that Congress provided partial funding for the 

top two priorities on the current Courthouse Project Priorities plan, Hartford, Connecticut, and 

Chattanooga, Tennessee, and hopes that those projects will be fully funded on a timely basis so 

that construction can begin in those locations. In addition, the Judicial Conference declared a

judicial space emergency for the Nazario U.S. Courthouse and Degetau Federal Building in 

Puerto Rico due to unique circumstances that have arisen as a result of GSA’s required seismic

retrofit of the building and the significant detrimental impact the retrofit will have on district 

court components currently housed there. 

The Capital Security Program (CSP) provides funding to address security deficiencies in 

existing courthouse buildings where physical renovations are viable in lieu of construction of a 

new courthouse. Stable, consistent funding for these projects is crucial to address serious 

deficiencies that threaten the safety and security of the Judiciary and the public. For the Capital 
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Security Program, the Judiciary requests that Congress provide GSA $19.8 million in FY 2022 

for the U.S. Courthouse in Augusta, Georgia. In addition, $9.0 million of available prior year 

CSP funding will be reallocated from the cancelled Raleigh, North Carolina, project to begin the 

approved project at the Theodore Levin U.S. Courthouse in Detroit, Michigan. 

Cost Containment

 The Judiciary seeks to contain costs whenever possible and has implemented a number of 

cost containment initiatives since 2004. These efforts have achieved significant cost savings and 

cost avoidance for over fifteen years and will continue to do so. The overwhelming majority of 

the Judiciary’s budget relates to personnel and space costs. The Judiciary’s cost-containment 

initiatives have similarly focused on these two areas as they should have the greatest impact on 

long-term savings. 

Starting in 2013, the Judiciary has had several cost containment initiatives related to 

space. First, the Judiciary adopted a three percent national space reduction target. That initiative 

resulted in approximately 1.2 million useable square feet of space being removed from the 

Judiciary’s rent bill, exceeding the national space reduction goal by approximately 37 percent. 

This initiative resulted in approximately $151 million in cumulative space rental cost avoidance 

since 2013, approximately $36 million on an annual basis. The Judiciary subsequently 

implemented the No Net New policy, which requires that any increase in square footage within a 

federal judicial circuit must be offset by an equivalent reduction in square footage identified 

within the same fiscal year. This policy helps limit growth in the Judiciary’s space footprint. 

The six No Net New projects that were approved in FY 2020 are expected to reduce the 

judiciary’s space footprint by 27,000 square feet, equating to $7 million in additional annual rent 

cost avoidance, once the projects are completed. 

Regarding personnel costs, the Judiciary continues to use work measurement tools to 

update its court support staffing formulas regularly to incorporate best practices, improvements 

in information technology, and other efficiencies. Further, the Judiciary has undertaken 

significant efforts to develop alternative organizational models that may result in cost savings, 

including expanding shared administrative services within and among districts. At the local 

level, courts throughout the country have implemented a significant number of voluntary shared 

administrative services arrangements. These practices help to control costs without sacrificing 

efficiency or quality of service to judges and the public. The Judiciary also promotes these 

efforts by providing guidance materials and reports on court organizational models to judges and 

court unit executives considering consolidation or flexible service arrangements. 

 Finally, the Judiciary continues to explore other operational improvements that will 

simultaneously contain costs. One example is to encourage electronic noticing to creditors in 

bankruptcy proceedings, and avoid the expense of producing and mailing paper notices and 

ensure faster delivery. In addition, the Judiciary is evaluating potential longer-term cost savings 
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from operational changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, including expanded 

telework and remote proceedings. 

 The Judiciary’s FY 2022 discretionary budget request of $8.1 billion and its mandatory 

budget request of $756.5 million are summarized in the following pages. A more detailed 

description of the Judiciary’s FY 2022 request, as well as the requests for courthouse 

construction and capital security requirements, can be found in The Judiciary, FY 2022 

Congressional Budget Justification.

John W. Lungstrum 

United States Senior District Judge

 for the District of Kansas 

Chair, Budget Committee of the 

 Judicial Conference of the United States

Roslynn R. Mauskopf 

United States District Judge

Director, Administrative Office

 of the United States Courts 

Secretary, Judicial Conference of the United States
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Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................... i

Overview of the Judiciary .............................................................................................................1

Fiscal Year 2022 Budget Summary - Details of Request............................................................5 

Summary Tables

Judiciary Appropriation Funding for Fiscal Year 2020 – Fiscal Year 2022......................11

Summary of FTE for Fiscal Year 2020 – Fiscal Year 2022 ..............................................12

Fiscal Year 2022 Summary of Requested Changes...........................................................13

Outlays for Fiscal Year 2020 – Fiscal Year 2022 .............................................................16

Fiscal Year 2022 Request Summary by Appropriation

Supreme Court of the United States:

Salaries and Expenses..................................................................................................19

Care of the Building and Grounds...............................................................................21

United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.....................................................23

United States Court of International Trade........................................................................25

Courts of Appeals, District Courts and Other Judicial Services (CADCOJS):

Salaries and Expenses..................................................................................................27

Defender Services........................................................................................................37

Fees of Jurors and Commissioners ..............................................................................43

Court Security ..............................................................................................................47

Administrative Office of the United States Courts............................................................53

Federal Judicial Center ......................................................................................................55

United States Sentencing Commission ..............................................................................57

Title III Administrative Provisions – The Judiciary ..........................................................59

Judicial Retirement Funds..................................................................................................61

Judiciary Space Priorities for the Fiscal Year 2022 Budget Request 

Courthouse Construction ...................................................................................................65

Capital Security Program...................................................................................................67

Table of Contents
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The organization of the judiciary, the district and circuit boundaries, the places of holding court, and 

the number of federal judges are established by laws passed by Congress and signed by the President. 

The number of federal judges in each district and in the courts of appeals is authorized by Congress 

on the basis of workload.

In addition to the adjudication of cases, 

other related functions, such as the 

provision of criminal defense services and 

the supervision of offenders, are prescribed 

by statute. Following is a brief overview of 

the work of the courts and other related 

activities of the Judicial Branch.

United States Supreme Court

The United States Supreme Court consists 

of nine justices, one of whom is appointed 

as Chief Justice of the United States. The 

Supreme Court is the final arbiter in the 

federal court system.

United States Courts of Appeals

There are 12 regional courts of appeals and 167 authorized appellate court Article III judgeships 

nationwide. These 12 courts of appeals have jurisdiction over cases within a regional area or 

“circuit.” The 12 regional courts of appeals review cases from the United States district courts and 

the United States Tax Court as well as orders and decisions from a number of federal administrative 

agencies.

United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has exclusive national jurisdiction over a 

large number of diverse subject areas, including international trade, government contracts, patents, 

trademarks, certain monetary claims against the United States government, federal personnel, and 

veterans’ benefits. Appeals to the court come from all 94 federal district courts, as well as the United 

States Court of Federal Claims, the United States Court of International Trade, and the United States 

Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims. There are 12 authorized Article III circuit judgeships on the 

Court.

Overview of the Judiciary
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United States District Courts

There are 94 district courts in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto 

Rico, and the territories of Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands. The 

U.S. District Courts are the courts of general jurisdiction in the federal court system, and most federal 

cases are initially tried and decided in these courts. There are 677 authorized Article III district court 

judgeships nationwide.

The Federal Magistrates Act of 1968 created the office of magistrate judge to assist the district court 

judges. Magistrate judges are non-Article III judges appointed by the district judges, and they serve 

for a term of years rather than a lifetime appointment. Full-time magistrate judges serve a term of 

eight years and may be reappointed. 

United States Bankruptcy Courts

The bankruptcy courts are separate units of the 

district courts. Federal courts have exclusive 

jurisdiction over bankruptcy cases; a bankruptcy 

case cannot be filed in a state court. United States 

bankruptcy judges are non-Article III judges 

appointed by the courts of appeals for a term of 

years, rather than a lifetime appointment. They 

serve for a term of 14 years and may be 

reappointed.

United States Court of International Trade

The Court of International Trade, with nine Article III judges, has exclusive nationwide jurisdiction 

of civil actions against the United States, its agencies and officers, and certain civil actions brought 

by the United States, arising out of import transactions and the administration and enforcement of the 

federal customs and international trade laws.

United States Court of Federal Claims

The Court of Federal Claims has nationwide 

jurisdiction over certain types of claims against 

the federal government. Its 16 judges are 

appointed for a term of 15 years by the 

President with the advice and consent of the 

Senate. Judges appointed to the Court of 

Federal Claims are authorized under Article I 

of the Constitution and do not have the tenure 

and salary protections of Article III judges.
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Probation and Pretrial Services

Federal probation and pretrial services officers protect the public through the investigation and 

supervision of defendants and offenders within the federal criminal justice system. A pretrial services 

officer supervises defendants awaiting trial who are released into our communities and provides a 

source of information upon which the court can determine conditions of release or detention while 

criminal cases are pending adjudication. In support of sentencing determinations, which require both 

uniformity of practice and attention to individual circumstances, probation officers provide the court 

with reliable information concerning the offender, the victim, and the offense committed, as well as 

an impartial application of the sentencing guidelines. Probation officers supervise offenders 

sentenced to probation, as well as offenders coming out of federal prison who are required to serve a 

term of supervised release.

Defender Services

The federal judiciary oversees and administers the federal defender and appointed counsel program, 

which provides legal representation and other services to persons financially unable to obtain counsel 

in criminal and related matters in federal court. The Sixth Amendment to the Constitution guarantees 

that “[i]n all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right...to have the assistance of 

counsel for his defense.” The Criminal Justice Act provides that courts shall appoint counsel from 

federal public and community defender organizations or from a panel of private attorneys (“panel 

attorneys”) established by the court. 

Court Security

The judiciary’s Court Security appropriation funds protective guard services and security systems and 

equipment for United States courthouses and other facilities housing federal court operations. These 

services are contracted for and managed by the Department of Justice’s United States Marshals 

Service, with additional guard services provided by the Department of Homeland Security’s Federal 

Protective Service.

Fees of Jurors and Commissioners

The judiciary receives funding to provide for the statutory fees and allowances of federal grand and 

petit jurors and for the compensation of land commissioners.
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Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts

The Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts is the central support entity for the judicial branch. It 

has management oversight of the court security program, the probation and pretrial services program, 

and the defender services program. It supports the Judicial Conference of the United States in 

determining judiciary policies; develops new methods, systems, and programs for conducting the 

business of the federal courts efficiently and economically; develops and supports the application of 

technology; collects and analyzes statistics on the business of the federal courts for accurate planning 

and decisions about resource needs; provides financial management services and personnel and 

payroll support; and conducts audits and reviews to ensure the continued quality and integrity of 

federal court operations.

Federal Judicial Center

The Federal Judicial Center is the judiciary’s research and education agency. The Center undertakes 

research and evaluation of judicial operations and procedures for both the committees of the Judicial 

Conference and the courts themselves. It provides judges, court personnel, and others orientation, 

continuing education, and training through seminars; curriculum units for in-court use; monographs 

and manuals; and audio, video, and interactive media programs.

Payment to Judicial Trust Funds

This appropriation finances annuity payments to retired bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges, 

U.S. Court of Federal Claims judges, and spouses and dependent children of deceased judicial 

officers.

United States Sentencing Commission

The U.S. Sentencing Commission promulgates sentencing 

policies, practices, and guidelines for the federal criminal 

justice system. The Chair, three Vice Chairs, and three other 

voting commissioners are appointed by the President with the 

advice and consent of the Senate.
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The judiciary’s appropriation request for fiscal year (FY) 2022 totals $8,879,097,000 (including

$756,534,000 in mandatory appropriations and $8,122,563,000 in discretionary appropriations), 

an increase of $425,714,000, or 5.0 percent, over the FY 2021 enacted appropriations. 

Mandatory Discretionary Total

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation 733,551 7,719,832 8,453,383

FY 2022 Adjustments to Base 22,983 342,224 365,207

FY 2022 Program Increases - 60,507 60,507

FY 2022 Total Increases 22,983 402,731 425,714

FY 2022 Total Request 756,534 8,122,563 8,879,097

($000)

Summary of FY 2022 Request

Fiscal Year 2021 Appropriations

The judiciary built the FY 2022 budget request on the FY 2021 enacted appropriation level. 

Further, for bill language, the judiciary used the language from P.L. 116-260, Financial Services 

and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021. 

Adjustments to Base (Mandatory Appropriations)

A $23.0 million increase is requested for mandatory judiciary appropriations, as follows: 

1. An increase of $10.3 million is required for the judiciary retirement trust funds accounts 

based on requirements calculated by an independent actuary.

2. An increase of $6.2 million is for pay and benefit adjustments for Article III judges for the 

Supreme Court; the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; the Court of International 

Trade; and active, senior, and retired Article III judges and bankruptcy judges within the

courts’ Salaries and Expenses account, including the annualization of the FY 2021 pay 

adjustment of 1.0 percent for judges and an assumed additional 1.0 percent pay adjustment 

for judges effective January 2022. Of the $6.2 million, $0.6 million is requested for an 

increase in the agency contribution rate to the Federal Employees Retirement System, which 

is increasing from 17.3 percent to 18.4 percent for most judges.

3. For the courts’ Salaries and Expenses account, an increase of $6.5 million is associated with 

an additional 10 active Article III judge FTE (based on an assumption of 45 confirmations), 

an additional 3 senior judge FTE, and an additional 13 bankruptcy judge FTE.
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Adjustments to Base (Discretionary Appropriations)

Of the requested $402.7 million increase in discretionary appropriations, $342.2 million (85

percent) will provide for pay adjustments, inflation, and other adjustments to base necessary to 

maintain current services. Base adjustments include:

1. An increase of $103.5 million will provide for inflationary pay and benefit increases for 

magistrate and Court of Federal Claims judges, judges’ staff, and other judiciary personnel. 

This includes an assumed 1.0 percent federal pay adjustment effective January 2022,

annualizing the January 2021 pay adjustment (1.0 percent for magistrate and Court of Federal 

Claims court judges and staff), changes in benefit costs, and a wage rate adjustment for court 

security officers (CSOs). 

2. A net increase of $84.6 million is associated with changes in the judiciary’s space program. 

Of the $84.6 million, a net $82.0 million is attributed to the court’s Salaries and Expenses 

account. This includes an increase of $7.2 million for new space expected to be delivered in 

FY 2022, $38.2 million for inflationary adjustments to GSA space rental costs, and $38.6 

million in other space-related adjustments, partially offset by $2.0 million in savings 

associated with the space reduction program. The remaining net $2.6 million is associated 

with increases of $2.5 million, $0.3 million, $0.2 million, and $11,000 for the Defender 

Services, Court Security, Court of International Trade, and Supreme Court accounts,

respectively, partially offset by a decrease of $0.4 million for the Court of Appeals for the 

Federal Circuit account.

3. An increase of $35.5 million is requested for a planned increase to the agency contribution 

rate to the Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS) plans for FY 2022. Based upon 

guidance from the Office of Management and Budget, the agency contribution rate will 

increase for most employees from 17.3 percent to 18.4 percent. Any FERS increase is in 

accordance with revised estimates of the cost of providing benefits by the Board of Actuaries 

of the Civil Service Retirement and Disability System.

4. An increase of $32.6 million will provide for increases in contract rates and other standard 

inflationary increases. Of this amount, $0.3 million is for the Vaccine Injury Compensation 

Trust Fund.

5. An increase of $30.8 million is for the annualization of positions funded in FY 2021, 

including:

• 4 positions (2 FTE) for the Supreme Court’s security programs;

• 48 positions (17 FTE) in district court clerks’ offices and probation and pretrial services 

offices, related to requirements resulting from the Supreme Court’s July 2020 decision in 

McGirt v. Oklahoma, in the courts’ Salaries and Expenses account;
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• 162 federal public defender organization (FPDO) positions (81 FTE), 44 community 

defender organization (CDO) positions, 10 FPDO panel management positions (5 FTE),

3 CDO panel management positions, 26 positions (13 FTE) related to the Supreme Court 

decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma, 8 reimbursable positions, and 5 national positions (3

FTE) for the Defender Services account;

• 31 CSO and 4 USMS positions (2 FTE) for the Court Security account; and

• 15 positions (7.5 FTE) for the Administrative Office account.

6. A net increase of $29.0 million in information technology (IT) requirements for the courts’ 

Salaries and Expenses account is due to:

• an increase of $29.5 million for the continued implementation of ongoing IT projects,

• a decrease of $0.5 million due to contractor insourcing savings.

7. An increase of $12.6 million is for chambers staff associated with the additional active and 

senior Article III judges and bankruptcy judges (noted above in the mandatory adjustments to 

base section), specifically, 60 FTE for chambers staff for active Article III judges, 13 FTE for 

senior judges, and 40 FTE for bankruptcy judges.

8. An increase of $9.9 million is associated with a change in panel attorney representations 

based on FY 2022 caseload projections in the Defender Services program.

9. A net increase of $7.6 million in financing adjustments is necessary to maintain current 

services due to changes in the availability of carryforward balances and/or non-appropriated 

resources, composed of:

• a decrease of $8.9 million for the courts’ Salaries and Expenses account,

• an increase of $1.0 million for the Defender Services account,

• an increase of $21.0 million for the Fees of Jurors and Commissioners account,

• a decrease of $5.0 million for the Court Security account, and

• a decrease of $0.5 million for the Administrative Office account.

The judiciary will keep the Appropriations Subcommittees informed of any change in this

estimate. 

10. A net increase of $1.4 million is associated with adjustments to systems and equipment 

requirements in the Court Security account.

11. A decrease of $0.4 million in adjustments to base is associated with a projected net change in 

juror requirements based on FY 2022 projected caseload. 

12. A decrease of $0.5 million in adjustments to base is associated with reduced staffing 

requirements in the Supreme Court’s Care of the Building and Grounds account.
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13. A net decrease of $4.3 million is associated with Federal Protective Service (FPS) security 

charges.

Program Changes (Discretionary Appropriations)

The remaining $60.5 million (15 percent) of the requested increase is for program enhancements 

including:

1. An increase of $12.4 million for the Defender Services account is for the continued 

implementation of the federal defender organization (FDO) staffing formula. These funds 

will provide for 118 additional staff (94 FPDO positions/47 FTE and 24 CDO positions), the 

equivalent of 98 percent of full staffing requirements.

2. An increase of $9.1 million for the courts’ Salaries and Expenses account is for a 3-year 

enterprise license renewal of the judiciary internet firewall service. 

3. An increase of $7.2 million is associated with an increase of 148 positions (74 FTE) in court 

support staffing in the courts’ Salaries and Expenses account due to changes in projected 

caseload.

4. An increase of $6.0 million and 28.5 FTE for the Defender Services account is for a staffing 

reserve to provide temporary staffing increases in FDOs to address significant caseload 

surges such as the substantial increases in capital workload in the District of Arizona 

pursuant to a federal process known as “Opt-In.”

5. An increase of $5.8 million is to support the Court Security equipment modernization and 

cyclical replacement strategy, including an additional $5.2 million for video management 

systems (VMS) and $0.6 million and 4 positions (2 FTE) at the U.S. Marshals Service 

(USMS) to support the strategy. 

6. An increase of $5.0 million for the Court Security program is for the continued 

implementation of the physical access control systems (PACS) replacement strategy resulting 

in a total of $42.0 million in PACS funding for FY 2022. 

7. An increase of $3.4 million in the Defender Services account is for 32 positions (16 FTE) for

requirements resulting from the Supreme Court decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma.

8. An increase of $3.0 million in the courts’ Salaries and Expenses account will fund 6 

additional full-time and 1 part-time magistrate judge positions (5.5 FTE), 21 support staff 

(17.5 FTE), and associated operating costs.

9. An increase of $2.1 million for the Federal Judicial Center (FJC) is to resume in-person 

programs for judges and judiciary staff. The FJC anticipates no in-person programs can be 
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safely delivered in the first two quarters in FY 2021 and reduced its FY 2021 funding 

requirements accordingly. 

10. An increase of $1.5 million for the Defender Services account is to establish a Diversity 

Fellowship program with FDOs consisting of 2 capital fellows and 12 non-capital fellows. 

11. An increase of $1.3 million in the Court Security account will support an additional 20.5 

CSO positions to continue implementation of the CSO staffing standards, as well as 2.5 CSO

positions for a special needs post in Hato Rey, Puerto Rico. 

12. An increase of $1.1 million in the Defender Services account is for national positions, 

including 7 national positions (3.5 FTE) to support Defender IT systems, and 3 national 

positions (1.5 FTE) to support the Capital Resource Counsel Project.

13. An increase of $0.7 million will fund 8 reimbursable positions within the Defender Services 

account to support data management, financial analysis, legal and policy support, program 

operations, training, and implementation of CJA-related policies approved by the Judicial 

Conference.

14. An increase of $0.6 million for the AO account will fund 6 positions (3 FTE) to strengthen 

procurement and contract management processes.

15. An increase of $0.5 million in the Court Security account will support 8 additional CSO 

positions at new courthouses projected to be open in FY 2022 or early FY 2023.

16. An increase of $0.5 million for the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit account will fund 

an upgrade in courthouse security equipment at the Howard T. Markey National Courts 

Building.

17. An increase of $0.5 million for the courts’ Salaries and Expenses account will allow certain 

bankruptcy courts to hire additional temporary law clerks to assist with the anticipated 

increase in bankruptcy filings over the next 6 to 18 months as a result of the economic impact 

of the COVID-19 pandemic and to supplement resources available to districts facing 

specialized, complex cases or other workload challenges.

18. An increase of $0.3 million for the Defender Services account will support non-recurring 

start-up costs, including tenant alterations, furniture, equipment, and law books, for one

anticipated new FDO. 

19. An increase of $0.3 million for the Court Security account will fund 5 new USMS positions 

(3 FTE) at the CSO Applications and Qualifications branch, which would allow the USMS to 

better identify and mitigate security risks, conduct more robust compliance reviews, and 

increase the efficiency of the CSO onboarding process. 
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20. An increase of $0.1 million for the AO account will fund 1 position (0.5 FTE) to support the 

Office of Compliance and Risk. This position will focus on risk management functions 

through establishment of an enterprise risk management program based on GAO standards 

and industry best practices.

21. A decrease of $0.8 million for the Court Security account is associated with non-recurring 

security requirements. 
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Summary Tables

 Appropriation Account Mandatory1 Discretionary Total Mandatory1 Discretionary Total Mandatory Discretionary Total

Supreme Court

 Salaries and Expenses 2,680 87,699 90,379 2,729 94,690 97,419 2,763 97,501 100,265

 CARES Act Supplemental2 - 500 500 - - - - - -

 Building and Grounds - 15,590 15,590 - 10,618 10,618 - 10,309 10,309

 Total, Supreme Court 2,680 103,789 106,469 2,729 105,308 108,037 2,763 107,810 110,574

Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 3,117 32,700 35,817 3,168 33,500 36,668 3,216 34,280 37,496

Court of International Trade 1,614 19,564 21,178 2,083 20,000 22,083 2,172 20,675 22,847

Courts of Appeals, District Courts,

 and Other Judicial Services:

 Salaries and Expenses 437,816 5,250,234 5,688,050 463,271 5,393,701 5,856,972 475,783 5,651,379 6,127,162

 CARES Act Supplemental2 - 6,000 6,000 - - - - - -

 Vaccine Injury Trust Fund - 9,070 9,070 - 9,900 9,900 - 10,165 10,165

 Total, Salaries and Expenses 437,816 5,265,304 5,703,120 463,271 5,403,601 5,866,872 475,783 5,661,544 6,137,327

 Defender Services - 1,234,574 1,234,574 - 1,316,240 1,316,240 - 1,409,591 1,409,591

 CARES Act Supplemental2 - 1,000 1,000 - - - - - -

 Total, Defender Services - 1,235,574 1,235,574 - 1,316,240 1,316,240 - 1,409,591 1,409,591

 Fees of Jurors & Commissioners - 53,545 53,545 - 32,517 32,517 - 53,690 53,690

 Court Security - 639,165 639,165 - 664,011 664,011 - 682,140 682,140

 Total, CADCOJS 437,816 7,193,588 7,631,404 463,271 7,416,369 7,879,640 475,783 7,806,965 8,282,748

Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts - 94,261 94,261 - 95,675 95,675 - 100,342 100,342

Federal Judicial Center - 30,436 30,436 - 29,015 29,015 - 31,864 31,864

Judicial Retirement Funds 240,100 - 240,100 262,300 - 262,300 272,600 - 272,600

Sentencing Commission - 19,670 19,670 - 19,965 19,965 - 20,626 20,626

 Total Direct 685,327 7,477,438 8,162,765 733,551 7,709,932 8,443,483 756,534 8,112,398 8,868,932

 CARES Act Supplemental2 - 7,500 7,500 - - - - - -

 Vaccine Injury Trust Fund - 9,070 9,070 - 9,900 9,900 - 10,165 10,165

 Total, Judiciary 685,327 7,494,008 8,179,335 733,551 7,719,832 8,453,383 756,534 8,122,563 8,879,097

1

 FY 2020 mandatory levels reflect actuals, with the exception of Supreme Court which reflects the FY 2020 financial plan level. 

 FY 2021 mandatory levels represent FY 2021 assumed financial plan levels. 2

 In FY 2020, the judiciary received $7.5 million in supplemental funding from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, including $6.0 for 

 Salaries and Expenses, $1.0 million for Defender Services, and $0.5 million for the Supreme Court.

Judiciary Appropriation Funding ($000)

FY 2020 Enacted FY 2021 Enacted FY 2022 Request

 THE JUDICIARY 
12

 Appropriation Account Mandatory Discretionary Total FTEMandatory Discretionary Total Mandatory Discretionary Total

Supreme Court

 Salaries and Expenses 9.0 499 508 9 515 524 9 517 526

 Building and Grounds - 40 40 - 54 54 - 50 50

 Total, Supreme Court 9.0 539 548 9 569 578 9 567 576

Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 12.0 129 141 12 140 152 12 140 152

Court of International Trade 9.0 53 62 9 68 77 9 68 77

Courts of Appeals, District Courts,

 and Other Judicial Services:

 Salaries and Expenses 1,817 26,064 27,881 1,851 26,157 28,008 1,877 26,389 28,266

 Vaccine Injury Trust Fund - - - - - - - - -

 Total, Salaries and Expenses 1,817 26,064 27,881 1,851 26,157 28,008 1,877 26,389 28,266

 Defender Services - 3,066 3,066 - 3,194 3,194 - 3,399 3,399

 Fees of Jurors & Commissioners - - - - - - - - -

 Court Security - 62 62 - 77 77 - 84 84

 Total, CADCOJS 1,817 29,191 31,008 1,851 29,428 31,279 1,877 29,872 31,749

Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts - 617 617 - 632 632 - 643 643

Federal Judicial Center - 127 127 - 128 128 - 128 128

Judicial Retirement Funds - - - - - - - - -

Sentencing Commission - 92 92 - 95 95 - 95 95

 Total Direct 1,847 30,748 32,595 1,881 31,060 32,941 1,907 31,513 33,420

 Reimbursables, AO - 574 574 - 674 674 - 730 730

 Total, Judiciary 1,847 31,322 33,169 1,881 31,734 33,615 1,907 32,243 34,150

 THE JUDICIARY 

FY 2020 Actual FY 2021 Assumed FY 2022 Request

Summary of FTE
13

Changes FTE ($000) FTE ($000) FTE ($000) FTEs ($000)

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation Level - Mandatory 9 2,729 12 3,168 9 2,083 1,851 463,271

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation Level - Discretionary 569 105,308 140 33,500 68 20,000 29,428 7,416,369

 AO Reimbursable FTE - - - - - - - -

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation 578 108,037 152 36,668 77 22,083 31,279 7,879,640

FY 2022 Adjustments to Base

 Judges: 

- Annualization of 2021 pay adjustment (1.0% for three months) - 7 - 10 - 24 - 1,497

- Pay and benefits adjustments - 27 - 38 - 65 - 5,869

 - FERS adjustments - - - - - - - 1,777

 - Increase in average number of filled Article III judgeships - - - - - - 70 9,330

 - Increase in average number of senior judges - - - - - - 16 2,105

 - Increase in average number of filled bankruptcy judgeships - - - - - - 53 7,691

 - Payments to judiciary retirement trust funds - - - - - - - -

 Court Personnel and Other Programs: 

- Annualization of 2021 pay adjustment (1.0% for three months) - 184 - 43 - 18 - 9,611

- Pay and benefits adjustments - 1,186 - 361 - 176 - 68,837

 - FERS adjustments - 671 - 100 - 54 - 32,298

- Annualization of 2021 panel attorney capital rate - - - - - - - 215

- Annualization of 2021 panel attorney non-capital rate - - - - - - - 5,992

- Annualization of FY 2021 increase in positions (including McGirt) 2 383 - - - - 119 27,617

- Annualization of FY 2021 increase of court security officer (CSO) positions - - - - - - - 1,171

- Annualization of FY 2021 increase of USMS positions - - - - - - 2 300

 - FY 2022 CSO contract and wage rate adjustments (3%) - - - - - - - 11,953

 - Funding necessary to maintain current services (financing adjustment) - - - - - - - 8,045

 - Inflation (including law books and computer assisted legal research) - 612 - 156 - 40 - 31,120

 - Space related costs (includes inflation for space rental rates) - 11 - (380) - 205 - 84,745

 - Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund adjustment - - - - - - - 265

- Reduced staffing requirements at Supreme Court (4) (544) - - - - - -

 - Information technology requirements - - - - - - - 29,034

 - Change in projected panel attorney workload - - - - - - - 9,910

 - Change in available jurors - - - - - - - (432)

 - FPS security service charges - - - - - 182 - (4,468)

- Adjustments to base for security systems and equipment - - - - - - - 1,422

 Subtotal, FY 2022 Adjustments to Base (2) 2,537 - 328 - 764 260 345,904

Total Adjustments to Base, Mandatory - 34 - 48 - 89 26 12,512

Total Adjustments to Base, Discretionary (2) 2,503 - 280 - 675 234 333,392

 AO Reimbursable FTE changes - - - - - - - -

FY 2022 Adjusted Base 576 110,574 152 36,996 77 22,847 31,538 8,225,544

FY 2022 Program Changes

 Judges: 

 - Magistrate judges and staff - - - - - - 23 2,992

 Court Personnel and Other Programs: 

 - Upgrade of courthouse security equipment - - - 500 - - - -

 - Infrastructure costs for new courthouse construction projects - - - - - - - (750)

 - FY 2022 court support staffing due to workload changes - - - - - - 74 7,175

 - Temporary Bankruptcy Law Clerk Program - - - - - - 5 474

 - Judiciary Internet Firewall Service - - - - - - - 9,100

 - Continued implementation of the FDO staffing formula - - - - - - 47 12,449

 - Defender Services national positions - - - - - - 5 1,055

 - Defender Services McGirt positions - - - - - - 16 3,376

 - Defenders Services diversity fellowship program positions - - - - - - 7 1,477

 - Defenders Services reimbursable positions - - - - - - - 691

 - FDO Staffing Reserve - - - - - - 29 6,013

 - Defenders Services new federal defender organization - - - - - - - 300

 - Physical access control systems replacement - - - - - - - 4,977

 - CSOs for new courthouse construction projects - - - - - - - 528

 - Video management systems replacement - - - - - - - 5,200

 - Staffing positions at USMS - - - - - - 5 882

 - Phased implementation of CSO staffing standards - - - - - - - 1,265

 - Office of Compliance and Risk at AO - - - - - - - -

 - Procurement and contract management improvements at AO - - - - - - - -

 - In-person program offerrings for judges and judiciary employees - - - - - - - -

 Subtotal, FY 2022 Program Changes - - - 500 - - 211 57,204

Total Program Changes, Mandatory - - - - - - - -

Total Program Changes, Discretionary - - - 500 - - 211 57,204

 AO Reimbursable FTE changes - - - - - - - -

Total Mandatory Increases - 34 - 48 - 89 26 12,512

Total Discretionary Increases (2) 2,503 - 780 - 675 444 390,596

 AO Reimbursable FTE changes - - - - - - - -

 Subtotal, FY 2022 Total Increases (2) 2,537 - 828 - 764 470 403,108

FY 2022, Total Mandatory Appropriation 9 2,763 12 3,216 9 2,172 1,877 475,783

FY 2022, Total Discretionary Appropriation 567 107,811 140 34,280 68 20,675 29,872 7,806,965

 AO Reimbursable FTE - - - - - - - -

FY 2022, Total Judiciary 576 110,574 152 37,496 77 22,847 31,749 8,282,748

FY 2022 Summary of Requested Mandatory & Discretionary Changes

 1 Includes Salaries and Expenses, Defender Services, Fees of Jurors and Commissioners, and Court Security accounts.

Total 

CADCOJS 1

Supreme 

Court

Federal 

Circuit

International 

Trade
14

Judicial 

Retirement Funds

FTE ($000) FTE ($000) FTE ($000) ($000) FTE ($000)

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation Level - Mandatory - - - - - - 262,300 1,881 733,551

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation Level - Discretionary 632 95,675 128 29,015 95 19,965 - 31,060 7,719,832

 AO Reimbursable FTE 674 - - - - - - 674 -

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation 1,306 95,675 128 29,015 95 19,965 262,300 33,615 8,453,383

FY 2022 Adjustments to Base

 Judges: 

- Annualization of 2021 pay adjustment (1.0% for three months) - - - - - - - - 1,538

- Pay and benefits adjustments - - - - - - - - 5,999

 - FERS adjustments - - - - - - - - 1,777

 - Increase in average number of filled Article III judgeships - - - - - - - 70 9,330

 - Increase in average number of senior judges - - - - - - - 16 2,105

 - Increase in average number of filled bankruptcy judgeships - - - - - - - 53 7,691

 - Payments to judiciary retirement trust funds - - - - - - 10,300 - 10,300

 Court Personnel and Other Programs: 

- Annualization of 2021 pay adjustment (1.0% for three months) - 206 - 55 - 47 - - 10,164

- Pay and benefits adjustments - 1,834 - 390 - 382 - - 73,166

 - FERS adjustments - 926 - 170 - 145 - - 34,364

- Annualization of 2021 panel attorney capital rate - - - - - - - - 215

- Annualization of 2021 panel attorney non-capital rate - - - - - - - - 5,992

- Annualization of FY 2021 increase in positions (including McGirt) 8 1,300 - - - - - 128 29,300

- Annualization of FY 2021 increase of court security officer (CSO) positions - - - - - - - - 1,171

- Annualization of FY 2021 increase of USMS positions - - - - - - - 2 300

 - FY 2022 CSO contract and wage rate adjustments (3%) - - - - - - - - 11,953

 - Funding necessary to maintain current services (financing adjustment) - (469) - - - - - - 7,576

 - Inflation (including law books and computer assisted legal research) - 167 - 134 - 87 - - 32,316

 - Space related costs (includes inflation for space rental rates) - - - - - - - - 84,581

 - Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund adjustment - - - - - - - - 265

- Reduced staffing requirements at Supreme Court - - - - - - - (4) (544)

 - Information technology requirements - - - - - - - - 29,034

 - Change in projected panel attorney workload - - - - - - - - 9,910

 - Change in available jurors - - - - - - - - (432)

 - FPS security service charges - - - - - - - - (4,286)

- Adjustments to base for security systems and equipment - - - - - - - - 1,422

 Subtotal, FY 2022 Adjustments to Base 8 3,964 - 749 - 661 10,300 265 365,207

Total Adjustments to Base, Mandatory - - - - - - 10,300 26 22,983

Total Adjustments to Base, Discretionary 8 3,964 - 749 - 661 - 239 342,224

 AO Reimbursable FTE changes 40 - - - - - - 40 -

FY 2022 Adjusted Base 1,354 99,639 128 29,764 95 20,626 272,600 33,920 8,818,590

FY 2022 Program Changes

 Judges: 

 - Magistrate judges and staff - - - - - - - 23 2,992

 Court Personnel and Other Programs: 

 - Upgrade of courthouse security equipment - - - - - - - - 500

 - Infrastructure costs for new courthouse construction projects - - - - - - - - (750)

 - FY 2022 court support staffing due to workload changes - - - - - - - 74 7,175

 - Temporary Bankruptcy Law Clerk Program - - - - - - - 5 474

 - Judiciary Internet Firewall Service - - - - - - - - 9,100

 - Continued implementation of the FDO staffing formula - - - - - - - 47 12,449

 - Defender Services national positions - - - - - - - 5 1,055

 - Defender Services McGirt positions - - - - - - - 16 3,376

 - Defenders Services diversity fellowship program positions - - - - - - - 7 1,477

 - Defenders Services reimbursable positions - - - - - - - - 691

 - FDO Staffing Reserve - - - - - - - 29 6,013

 - Defenders Services new federal defender organization - - - - - - - - 300

 - Physical access control systems replacement - - - - - - - - 4,977

 - CSOs for new courthouse construction projects - - - - - - - - 528

 - Video management systems replacement - - - - - - - - 5,200

 - Staffing positions at USMS - - - - - - - 5 882

 - Phased implementation of CSO staffing standards - - - - - - - - 1,265

 - Office of Compliance and Risk at AO 1 100 - - - - - 1 100

 - Procurement and contract management improvements at AO 3 603 - - - - - 3 603

 - In-person program offerrings for judges and judiciary employees - - - 2,100 - - - - 2,100

 Subtotal, FY 2022 Program Changes 4 703 - 2,100 - - - 214 60,507

Total Program Changes, Mandatory - - - - - - - - -

Total Program Changes, Discretionary 4 703 - 2,100 - - - 214 60,507

 AO Reimbursable FTE changes 16 - - - - - - 16 -

Total Mandatory Increases - - - - - - 10,300 26 22,983

Total Discretionary Increases 11 4,667 - 2,849 - 661 - 453 402,731

 AO Reimbursable FTE changes 56 - - - - - - 56 -

 Subtotal, FY 2022 Total Increases 67 4,667 - 2,849 - 661 10,300 535 425,714

FY 2022, Total Mandatory Appropriation - - - - - - 272,600 1,907 756,534

FY 2022, Total Discretionary Appropriation 643 100,342 128 31,864 95 20,626 - 31,513 8,122,563

 AO Reimbursable FTE 730 - - - - - - 730 -

FY 2022, Total Judiciary 1,373 100,342 128 31,864 95 20,626 272,600 34,150 8,879,097

Administrative 

Office

Fed. Judicial 

Center

 Sentencing 

Commission

Total 

Judiciary

FY 2022 Summary of Requested Mandatory & Discretionary Changes
15

Fees of Jurors and 

Commissioners

FTE ($000) FTE ($000) ($000) FTE ($000) FTE ($000)

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation Level - Mandatory 1,851 463,271 - - - - - 1,851 463,271

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation Level - Discretionary 26,157 5,403,601 3,194 1,316,240 32,517 77 664,011 29,428 7,416,369

 AO Reimbursable FTE - - - - - - - - -

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation 28,008 5,866,872 3,194 1,316,240 32,517 77 664,011 31,279 7,879,640

FY 2022 Adjustments to Base

Judges:

- Annualization of 2021 pay adjustment (1.0% for three months) - 1,497 - - - - - - 1,497

- Pay and benefits adjustments - 5,869 - - - - - - 5,869

- FERS adjustments - 1,777 - - - - - - 1,777

- Increase in average number of filled Article III judgeships 70 9,330 - - - - - 70 9,330

- Increase in average number of senior judges 16 2,105 - - - - - 16 2,105

- Increase in average number of filled bankruptcy judgeships 53 7,691 - - - - - 53 7,691

- Payments to judiciary retirement trust funds - - - - - - - - -

Court Personnel and Other Programs:

- Annualization of 2021 pay adjustment (1.0% for three months) - 8,209 - 1,329 - - 73 - 9,611

- Pay and benefits adjustments - 58,124 - 10,544 - - 169 - 68,837

- FERS adjustments - 26,797 - 5,408 - - 93 - 32,298

- Annualization of 2021 panel attorney capital rate - - - 215 - - - - 215

- Annualization of 2021 panel attorney non-capital rate - - - 5,992 - - - - 5,992

- Annualization of FY 2021 increase in positions (including McGirt) 17 1,829 102 25,788 - - - 119 27,617

- Annualization of FY 2021 increase of court security officer (CSO) positions - - - - - - 1,171 - 1,171

- Annualization of FY 2021 increase of USMS positions - - - - - 2 300 2 300

- FY 2022 CSO contract and wage rate adjustments (3%) - - - - - - 11,953 - 11,953

- Funding necessary to maintain current services (financing adjustment) - (8,919) - 1,003 20,961 - (5,000) - 8,045

- Inflation (including law books and computer assisted legal research) - 25,099 - 5,351 644 - 26 - 31,120

 - Space related costs (includes inflation for space rental rates) - 82,007 - 2,450 - - 288 - 84,745

 - Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund adjustment - 265 - - - - - - 265

- Reduced staffing requirements at Supreme Court - - - - - - - - -

- Information technology requirements - 29,034 - - - - - - 29,034

- Change in projected panel attorney workload - - - 9,910 - - - - 9,910

- Change in available jurors - - - - (432) - - - (432)

 - FPS security service charges - - - - - - (4,468) - (4,468)

- Adjustments to base for security systems and equipment - - - - - - 1,422 - 1,422

 Subtotal, FY 2022 Adjustments to Base 156 250,714 102 67,990 21,173 2 6,027 260 345,904

Total Adjustments to Base, Mandatory 26 12,512 - - - - - 26 12,512

Total Adjustments to Base, Discretionary 130 238,202 102 67,990 21,173 2 6,027 234 333,392

 AO Reimbursable FTE - - - - - - - - -

FY 2022 Adjusted Base 28,164 6,117,586 3,295 1,384,230 53,690 79 670,038 31,538 8,225,544

FY 2022 Program Changes

Judges:

 - Magistrate judges and staff 23 2,992 - - - - - 23 2,992

 Court Personnel and Other Programs: - -

 - Upgrade of courthouse security equipment - - - - - - - - -

 - Infrastructure costs for new courthouse construction projects - - - - - - (750) - (750)

 - FY 2022 court support staffing due to workload changes 74 7,175 - - - - - 74 7,175

 - Temporary Bankruptcy Law Clerk Program 5 474 - - - - - 5 474

 - Judiciary Internet Firewall Service - 9,100 - - - - - - 9,100

 - Continued implementation of the FDO staffing formula - - 47 12,449 - - - 47 12,449

 - Defender Services national positions - - 5 1,055 - - - 5 1,055

 - Defender Services McGirt positions - - 16 3,376 - - - 16 3,376

 - Defenders Services diversity fellowship program positions - - 7 1,477 - - - 7 1,477

 - Defenders Services reimbursable positions - - - 691 - - - - 691

 - FDO Staffing Reserve - - 29 6,013 - - - 29 6,013

 - Defenders Services new federal defender organization - - - 300 - - - - 300

 - Physical access control systems replacement - - - - - - 4,977 - 4,977

 - CSOs for new courthouse construction projects - - - - - - 528 - 528

 - Video management systems replacement - - - - - - 5,200 - 5,200

 - Staffing positions at USMS - - - - - 5 882 5 882

 - Phased implementation of CSO staffing standards - - - - - - 1,265 - 1,265

 - Office of Compliance and Risk at AO - - - - - - - - -

 - Procurement and contract management improvements at AO - - - - - - - - -

 - In-person program offerrings for judges and judiciary employees - - - - - - - - -

 Subtotal, FY 2022 Program Changes 102 19,741 104 25,361 - 5 12,102 211 57,204

Total Program Changes, Mandatory - - - - - - - - -

Total Program Changes, Discretionary 102 19,741 104 25,361 - 5 12,102 211 57,204

 AO Reimbursable FTE - - - - - - - - -

Total Mandatory 26 12,512 - - - - - 26 12,512

Total Discretionary 232 257,943 205 93,351 21,173 7 18,129 444 390,596

 AO Reimbursable FTE - - - - - - - - -

 Subtotal, FY 2022 Total Increases 258 270,455 205 93,351 21,173 7 18,129 470 403,108

FY 2022, Total Mandatory Appropriation 1,877 475,783 - - - - - 1,877 475,783

FY 2022, Total Discretionary Appropriation 26,389 5,661,544 3,399 1,409,591 53,690 84 682,140 29,872 7,806,965

 AO Reimbursable FTE - - - - - - - - -

FY 2022, Total Judiciary 28,266 6,137,327 3,399 1,409,591 53,690 84 682,140 31,749 8,282,748

FY 2022 Summary of Requested Mandatory & Discretionary Changes - Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and Other Judicial Services (CADCOJS) Details

Salaries 

and Expenses

Defender 

Services

Court 

Security

Total 

CADCOJS
16

Outlays Appropriation FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022

Supreme Court

 Discretionary 83,492 95,325 96,763

 Mandatory 2,680 2,729 2,763

 Total, Salaries and Expenses 86,172 98,054 99,526

 Buildings and Grounds 15,320 13,489 19,529

Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

 Discretionary 34,028 33,016 32,910

 Mandatory 3,117 3,168 3,216

 Total, Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 37,145 36,184 36,126

Court of International Trade

 Discretionary 24,261 20,415 21,167

 Mandatory 1,614 2,083 2,172

 Total, Court of International Trade 25,875 22,498 23,339

Courts of Appeals, District Courts,

 and Other Judicial Services:

 Salaries and Expenses - Discretionary 5,217,725 5,658,862 5,865,432

 Salaries and Expenses - Mandatory 437,816 463,271 475,783

 Total, Salaries and Expenses 5,655,541 6,122,133 6,341,215

 Defender Services 1,245,363 1,315,105 1,445,326

 Fees of Jurors & Commissioners 32,828 51,938 55,085

 Court Security 560,603 646,480 657,864

Total, Courts of Appeals, District Courts,

 and Other Judicial Services 7,494,335 8,135,656 8,499,490

Administrative Office of the United 

 States Courts 97,365 97,275 101,420

Federal Judicial Center 27,550 31,074 32,049

Judicial Retirement Funds (Mandatory) 240,100 262,300 272,600

Sentencing Commission 19,276 20,338 21,114

 Subtotal, Discretionary 7,357,811 7,983,318 8,348,660

 Subtotal, Mandatory 685,327 733,551 756,534

 Total 8,043,138 8,716,869 9,105,194

Outlays - FY 2020 to FY 2022
17

Fiscal Year 2022 Request

Summary by Appropriation
18

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
19

Supreme Court of the United States

Salaries and Expenses

FTE ($000) FTE ($000) FTE ($000)

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation 9 2,729 515 94,690 524 97,419

Adjustments to Base - 34 2 2,811 2 2,845

Program Increases - - - - - -

FY 2022 Appropriation Request 9 2,763 517 97,501 526 100,265

FY 2022 Request

Mandatory Discretionary Total

The U.S. Supreme Court requests $100.3 million ($2.8 million for mandatory expenses and 

$97.5 million for discretionary expenses) in FY 2022 for the Salaries and Expenses account. 

The $97.5 million request for discretionary appropriations represents a $2.8 million increase over 

the FY 2021 enacted discretionary appropriation. This request reflects the necessary adjustments 

to base to maintain current services. The Court requests no program increases for FY 2022.

I. Mandatory Adjustments to Base

The FY 2022 request includes $34,000 for standard pay increases and changes in benefits for the

Chief Justice and the Associate Justices. 

II. Discretionary Adjustments to Base

The Supreme Court requests a $2.8 million increase for discretionary expenses for standard pay 

and other inflationary adjustments to maintain current services in FY 2022. 

III. Appropriations Language

Supreme Court of the United States 

Salaries and Expenses

For expenses necessary for the operation of the Supreme Court, as required by law, excluding 

care of the building and grounds, including hire of passenger motor vehicles as authorized by 

31 U.S.C. 1343 and 1344; not to exceed $10,000 for official reception and representation 

expenses; and for miscellaneous expenses, to be expended as the Chief Justice may approve, 

[$94,690,000]$97,501,000, of which $1,500,000 shall remain available until expended.

In addition, there are appropriated such sums as may be necessary under current law for salaries 

of the chief justice and associate justices of the court.

(P.L. 116-260 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)
20

IV. Summary of Obligations

Category

FY 2020

Actual

FY 2021

Assumed

FY 2022

Request

Compensation and Benefits 68,554 73,866 76,179

Rent, Communications and Utilities 1,214 1,282 1,313

Travel 579 1,392 1,420

Other 18,333 20,879 21,353

Total Obligations 88,680 97,419 100,265

Other Adjustments 2,199 - -

Available Appropriation 90,879 97,419 100,265

 Mandatory Appropriation 2,680 2,729 2,763

 Discretionary Appropriation 87,699 94,690 97,501

 CARES Act Supplemental Appropriation 500 - -

U.S. Supreme Court - Salaries and Expenses

Comparative Summary of Obligations by Category

($000)
21

Supreme Court of the United States

Care of the Building and Grounds

FTE ($000)

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation 54 10,618

Adjustments to Base (4) (309)

Program Increases - -

FY 2022 Appropriation Request 50 10,309

FY 2022 Request

Discretionary

The U.S. Supreme Court requests $10.3 million for its Care of the Building and Grounds account 

in FY 2022, a decrease of 2.9 percent from the FY 2021 enacted appropriation. 

The Architect of the Capitol provides for the structural and mechanical care of the U.S. Supreme 

Court Building and Grounds, including maintenance and operation of mechanical, electrical, and 

electronic equipment. This request includes the necessary adjustments to base to maintain 

current services. The Court requests no program increases for FY 2022.

I. Discretionary Adjustments to Base

The Supreme Court requests a net decrease of $0.3 million. The request consists of a net

increase of $0.2 million for standard pay and other inflationary adjustments as well as a decrease 

of $0.5 million associated with reduced staffing requirements. 

II. Appropriations Language

Supreme Court of the United States 

Care of the Building and Grounds

For such expenditures as may be necessary to enable the Architect of the Capitol to carry out the 

duties imposed upon the Architect by 40 U.S.C. 6111 and 6112, [$10,618,000]$10,309,000, to 

remain available until expended.

(P.L. 116-260 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)
22

III. Summary of Obligations

Category

FY 2020

Actual

FY 2021

Assumed

FY 2022

Request

Compensation and Benefits 5,685 5,825 6,193

Rent, Communications and Utilities 1,574 2,650 2,650

Travel 4 4 4

Other 6,281 7,730 8,962

Total Direct Obligations 13,544 16,209 17,809

Other Adjustments 2,046 (5,591) (7,500)

Available Appropriation 15,590 10,618 10,309

U.S. Supreme Court - Care of the Building and Grounds

Comparative Summary of Obligations by Category

($000)
23

 United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

Salaries and Expenses

FTE ($000) FTE ($000) FTE ($000)

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation 12 3,168 140 33,500 152 36,668

Adjustments to Base - 48 - 280 - 328

Program Increases - - - 500 - 500

FY 2022 Appropriation Request 12 3,216 140 34,280 152 37,496

FY 2022 Request

Mandatory Discretionary Total

The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit requests $37.5 million ($3.2 million for mandatory 

expenses and $34.3 million for discretionary expenses) for FY 2022. 

The $34.3 million request for discretionary appropriations represents a 2.3 percent increase over

the FY 2021 enacted discretionary appropriation. This request includes the necessary 

adjustments to base to maintain current services and a program increase required for an essential 

upgrade of court security equipment. 

I. Mandatory Adjustments to Base

The FY 2022 request includes $48,000 for standard pay and benefits increases for judges. 

II. Discretionary Adjustments to Base

The Court requests an increase of $1.1 million for standard pay and other inflationary 

adjustments as well as a decrease of $0.8 million associated with a GSA rent credit adjustment

for a commercial off-site space lease. 

III. Program Changes

The Court requests an increase of $0.5 million to upgrade courthouse security equipment at the 

Howard T. Markey National Courts Building.
24

IV. Appropriations Language

United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

Salaries and Expenses

For salaries of officers and employees, and for necessary expenses of the court, as authorized by 

law, [$33,500,000]$34,280,000.

In addition, there are appropriated such sums as may be necessary under current law for the 

salaries of the chief judge and judges of the court.

(P.L. 116-260 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)

V. Summary of Obligations

Category

FY 2020

Actual

FY 2021

Assumed

FY 2022

Request

Compensation and Benefits 21,560 23,815 24,312

Rent, Communications and Utilities 6,580 6,644 6,836

Travel 24 75 100

Other 6,740 6,134 6,248

Total Obligations 34,904 36,668 37,496

Other Adjustments 913 - -

Available Appropriation 35,817 36,668 37,496

 Mandatory Appropriation 3,117 3,168 3,216

 Discretionary Appropriation 32,700 33,500 34,280

United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

Comparative Summary of Obligations by Category

($000)
25

United States Court of International Trade

Salaries and Expenses

FTE ($000) FTE ($000) FTE ($000)

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation 9 2,083 68 20,000 77 22,083

Adjustments to Base - 89 - 675 - 764

Program Increases - - - - - -

FY 2022 Appropriation Request 9 2,172 68 20,675 77 22,847

FY 2022 Request

Mandatory Discretionary Total

The Court of International Trade requests $22.8 million ($2.2 million for mandatory expenses 

and $20.7 million for discretionary expenses) in FY 2022. 

The $20.7 million request for discretionary appropriations represents a 3.4 percent increase over 

the FY 2021 enacted discretionary appropriation. This request reflects the necessary adjustments 

to base to maintain current services. The Court requests no program increases for FY 2022.

I. Mandatory Adjustments to Base

The FY 2022 request includes $89,000 for standard pay and benefits increases for judges. 

II. Discretionary Adjustments to Base

The FY 2022 request includes an increase of $0.7 million for standard pay, other inflationary, 

and other court operating expense increases. 

III. Appropriations Language

United States Court of International Trade

Salaries and Expenses

For salaries of officers and employees of the court, services, and necessary expenses of the court, 

as authorized by law, [$20,000,000]$20,675,000.

In addition, there are appropriated such sums as may be necessary under current law for the 

salaries of the chief judge and judges of the court.

(P.L. 116-260 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)
26

IV. Summary of Obligations

Category

FY 2020

Actual

FY 2021

Assumed

FY 2022

Request

Compensation and Benefits 9,554 11,413 11,750

Rent, Communications and Utilities 8,177 8,908 9,114

Travel 94 126 129

Other 3,199 1,636 1,854

Total Obligations 21,024 22,083 22,847

Other Adjustments 154 - -

Available Appropriation 21,178 22,083 22,847

 Mandatory Appropriation 1,614 2,083 2,172

 Discretionary Appropriation 19,564 20,000 20,675

United States Court of International Trade

Comparative Summary of Obligations by Category

($000)
27

Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and

Other Judicial Services

Salaries and Expenses

FTE ($000) FTE ($000) FTE ($000)

FY 2021 Salaries and Expenses Enacted Appropriation 1,851 463,271 26,157 5,393,701 28,008 5,856,972

Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund Enacted Appropriation - - - 9,900 - 9,900

 Total, FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation 1,851 463,271 26,157 5,403,601 28,008 5,866,872

Adjustments to Base 26 12,512 130 237,937 156 250,449

Adjustments to Base - Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund - - - 265 - 265

 Total, Adjustmements to Base 26 12,512 130 238,202 156 250,714

Program Changes - - 102 19,741 102 19,741

 Total, Program Changes - - 102 19,741 102 19,741

FY 2022 Salaries and Expenses Appropriation 1,877 475,783 26,389 5,651,379 28,266 6,127,162

Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund Appropriation - - - 10,165 - 10,165

 Total, FY 2022 Appropriation Request 1,877 475,783 26,389 5,661,544 28,266 6,137,327

FY 2022 Request

Mandatory Discretionary Total

The judiciary requests $6,137.3 million for the Salaries and Expenses account in FY 2022, 

including $475.8 million for mandatory expenses; $5,651.4 million for discretionary expenses;

and $10.2 million for the Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund. The FY 2022 total 

discretionary request of $5,661.5 million is a 4.8 percent increase over the FY 2021 enacted 

discretionary appropriation. 

The request maintains base funding for operations of the courts and related offices at a current 

services level, as well as program changes for six new full-time and one part-time magistrate 

judges and associated support staff, changes in court support staff due to workload estimates, 

additional temporary bankruptcy law clerks, and the enterprise license renewal for the judiciary 

internet firewall service.

This account provides for the operating expenses of the 12 regional circuit courts of appeals, 

district courts, bankruptcy courts, and probation and pretrial services offices. This account 

utilizes other funding sources, including fee collections and prior year carryforward balances, to 

offset appropriated funds. The judiciary currently projects that these sources of non-appropriated 

funds will total $374.7 million in FY 2022, $8.9 million more than the FY 2021 estimated level 

of $365.7 million.
28

I. Mandatory Adjustments to Base

The FY 2022 request includes $12.5 million for mandatory increases for Article III, senior, and 

bankruptcy judges as follows: 

1. Pay and benefit cost adjustment for Article III, senior, and bankruptcy judges: 

$6.0 million

An increase of $6.0 million will provide for expected changes in pay and benefits for 

Article III, senior, and bankruptcy judges, including the annualization of the January 

2021 pay adjustment and an assumed January 2022 pay adjustment. Of the $6.0 million, 

$0.6 million is requested for the increase to the agency contribution rate for bankruptcy 

judges to the Federal Employees Retirement System, which will increase from 17.3

percent to 18.4 percent for most judges.

2. Increase in average number of filled Article III judgeships: $2.6 million and 10 FTE

An increase of $2.6 million will provide for an additional 10 filled Article III judgeship

FTEs anticipated in FY 2022, based on a projected 45 confirmations in FY 2022, partially 

offset by active judges projected to take senior status or retire.

3. Increase in average number of senior judges: $0.8 million and 3 FTE

An increase of $0.8 million will provide for an additional 3 senior judges anticipated in 

FY 2022.

4. Increase in average number of bankruptcy judgeships: $3.1 million and 13 FTE

An increase of $3.1 million will provide for an additional 13 filled bankruptcy judgeship 

anticipated in FY 2022.

II. Discretionary Adjustments to Base

The FY 2022 request includes a net increase of $238.2 million for discretionary adjustments to 

base. This consists of $136.1 million for standard pay and other inflationary increases; a net 

increase of $82.0 million for space-related adjustments; and a net increase of $29.0 million for 

information technology requirements. This is partially offset by a decrease of $8.9 million due 

to an anticipated increase in non-appropriated funds.

1. Pay and benefit cost adjustment for magistrate and claims court judges: $3.1 million

An increase of $3.1 million will provide for expected changes in pay and benefits for 

magistrate and claims judges including the annualization of the January 2021 pay 

adjustment and an assumed January 2022 pay adjustment. Of this amount, $1.2 million is 
29

requested for the increase in the agency contribution rate to the Federal Employees

Retirement System.

2. Increase in the number of filled Article III judges’ staff: $6.7 million and 60 FTE

An increase of $6.7 million will provide for an additional 60 staff FTE to support the

additional 10 filled Article III judgeships anticipated in FY 2022 (noted above in the 

mandatory adjustments to base section).

3. Increase in the number of senior judges’ staff: $1.3 million and 13 FTE

An increase of $1.3 million will provide for an additional 13 staff FTE to support the 3

additional senior judges anticipated in FY 2022 (noted above in the mandatory 

adjustments to base section).

4. Increase in average number of filled bankruptcy judgeships: $4.6 million and 40 FTE

An increase of $4.6 million will provide for an additional 40 staff FTE to support the 13

additional filled bankruptcy judgeships anticipated in FY 2022 (noted above in the 

mandatory adjustments to base section). 

5. Pay and benefit adjustments for court personnel: $93.1 million

An increase of $93.1 million will provide for the annualization of the January 2021 pay 

adjustment, assumed January 2022 pay adjustment, within-grade increases, and changes 

in benefits rates. Of this amount, $26.8 million is requested for the increase in the agency 

contribution rate to the Federal Employees Retirement System, which will increase from 

17.3 percent to 18.4 percent for most employees. 

6. Funding necessary to maintain FY 2021 current service levels due to an anticipated 

increase in non-appropriated funds: ($8.9 million)

In FY 2021, $365.7 million in estimated non-appropriated funds were available to finance 

FY 2021 requirements. In FY 2022, the judiciary expects $374.7 million in nonappropriated funds to be available, which is a net increase of $8.9 million from FY 2021. 

Therefore, the judiciary requests a decrease of $8.9 million in appropriations due to a 

higher amount of anticipated non-appropriated funds.

7. Non-pay inflationary and contractual increases: $25.1 million

An increase of $25.1 million is requested for a 2.0 percent general inflationary increase 

and other contractual and miscellaneous increases.
30

8. Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund: $0.3 million

The FY 2022 level reflects an increase of $0.3 million for standard pay and non-pay 

inflationary adjustments for the Vaccine Injury program.

9. GSA space rental and related expenses: net $82.0 million

The FY 2022 request includes a net increase of $82.0 million for General Services 

Administration (GSA) space rental and related expenses consisting of:

• new space to be delivered in FY 2022 (+$7.3 million), 

• adjustments (4.0 percent) to the GSA space rental base costs, based on inflationary 

increases to GSA rent estimates and higher costs associated with enhanced cleaning 

services GSA is providing federal tenants due to the COVID-19 pandemic (+$38.2 

million),

• other space-related adjustments (+$38.6 million), including annualization of new 

space delivered in FY 2021 and an increase for chambers and courtrooms for new 

judges; and

• savings associated with the space reduction program (-$2.0 million).

10. Information technology (IT) requirements: net $29.0 million

The FY 2022 request includes a net increase of $29.0 million consisting of:

• funding to restore FY 2021 reductions to base operations and maintenance 

requirements and support the continued implementation of ongoing IT projects

(+$29.5 million) and 

• contractor insourcing savings (-$0.5 million).

11. Annualization of staff funded in FY 2021 related to McGirt decision: $1.8 million and 

17 FTE

The FY 2022 request includes an increase of $1.8 million and 17 FTE to address 

workload associated with the Supreme Court’s decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma, 

including staffing for district court clerks’ offices and probation and pretrial services 

offices in the three Oklahoma judicial districts.
31

III. Program Changes

The FY 2022 request includes an increase of $19.7 million for program changes. These changes

include:

1. New FY 2022 full-time magistrate judges and staff: $3.0 million and 23 FTE

The judiciary requests an additional $3.0 million for 6 additional full-time and 1 part-time 

magistrate judge positions (5.5 FTE), 21 support staff (17.5 FTE), and associated 

operating costs for the following locations:

• District of New Jersey at Camden

• Southern District of Texas at Corpus Christi

• Southern District of Indiana at Indianapolis

• District of South Dakota (conversion of the part-time position at Pierre to full-time)

• Western District of Texas at Waco

• District of Utah (conversion of the part-time position at St. George to full-time)

• District of Columbia (part-time)

2. FY 2022 court support staffing due to workload changes: $7.2 million and 74 FTE

The judiciary requests an increase of $7.2 million for 148 new court support staff (74

FTE) in appellate, bankruptcy, district, and probation and pretrial services offices in 

FY 2022 based on projected changes in workload.

3. Temporary bankruptcy law clerk program: $0.5 million and 5 FTE

The request reflects an increase of $0.5 million for the temporary bankruptcy law clerk 

program in FY 2022. This increase will allow certain bankruptcy courts to hire 

temporary law clerks to assist with the anticipated increase in bankruptcy filings over the 

next 6 to 18 months as a result of the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and 

Appellate 6 $702 

Bankruptcy (8) (678)

District 44 3,793 

Probation/Pretrial 32 3,358 

Total 74 $7,175 

Court Support Staffing

Program

Fiscal Year 

2022 FTE

Dollars in 

Thousands
32

to supplement resources available to districts facing specialized, complex cases or other 

workload challenges.

4. Judiciary internet firewall service: $9.1 million

The request reflects an increase of $9.1 million for a 3-year enterprise license renewal of 

the judiciary internet firewall service. 

IV. Appropriations Language

Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and Other Judicial Services 

Salaries and Expenses

For the salaries of judges of the United States Court of Federal Claims, magistrate judges, and all 

other officers and employees of the Federal Judiciary not otherwise specifically provided for, 

necessary expenses of the courts, and the purchase, rental, repair, and cleaning of uniforms for 

Probation and Pretrial Services Office staff, as authorized by law, [$5,393,701,000]

$5,651,379,000 (including the purchase of firearms and ammunition); of which not to exceed 

$27,817,000 shall remain available until expended for space alteration projects and for furniture 

and furnishings related to new space alteration and construction projects.

In addition, there are appropriated such sums as may be necessary under current law for the 

salaries of circuit and district judges (including judges of the territorial courts of the United 

States), bankruptcy judges, and justices and judges retired from office or from regular active 

service.

In addition, for expenses of the United States Court of Federal Claims associated with processing 

cases under the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-660), not to 

exceed [$9,900,000]$10,165,000, to be appropriated from the Vaccine Injury Compensation 

Trust Fund. 

(P.L. 116-260 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)
33

V. Summary of Obligations

Category

FY 2020

Actual

FY 2021

Assumed

FY 2022

Request

Compensation and Benefits 3,862,588 4,048,450 4,185,097

Rent, Communications and Utilities 1,192,383 1,239,895 1,346,781

Travel 29,182 40,255 42,211

Other 851,464 1,072,504 937,899

Total Obligations 5,935,617 6,401,104 6,511,988

Other Adjustments (241,567) (544,132) (384,826)

Available Appropriation (Direct) 5,694,050 5,856,972 6,127,162

Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund 9,070 9,900 10,165

Total Available Appropriation 5,703,120 5,866,872 6,137,327

 Mandatory Appropriation 437,816 463,271 475,783

 Discretionary Appropriation - Salaries and 

 Expenses Direct 5,250,234 5,393,701 5,651,379

 Discretionary Appropriation - Vaccine Injury

 Compensation Trust Fund 9,070 9,900 10,165

 CARES Act Supplemental Appropriation 6,000 - -

Courts of Appeals, District Courts and Other Judicial Services

Salaries and Expenses

Comparative Summary of Obligations by Category

($000)

VI. Budget Request by Category

Judges & Chambers 

Staff Salaries & 

Expenses

23%

Court Support 

Personnel Benefits

19%

Rent

18%

Court Support 

Personnel Salaries

22%

Information 

Technology

8%

Operations and 

Maintenance

10%

FY 2022 Budget Request

Salaries and Expenses Account

(Obligations)
34

VII. Court Support Staffing

VIII. Judiciary Workload Factors

22,136

On-board 

21,524 

On-board 

20,659

On-board 

19,418

On-board 

19,101

On-board 19,000 

Planned

19,117 

On-board

 17,000

 17,500

 18,000

 18,500

 19,000

 19,500

 20,000

 20,500

 21,000

 21,500

 22,000

 22,500

 23,000

 23,500

7/31/2011 9/30/2011 9/30/2012 9/30/2013 9/30/2014 9/30/2015 9/30/2016 9/30/2017 9/30/2018 9/30/2019 9/30/2020 1/17/2021 9/30/2021 9/30/2022

Court Support Staffing 

FY 2011 - FY 2022

On-Board FTE

19,267

On-board

19,114

Estimated

19,232 

On-board

19,283

On-board

19,194 

On-board

19,312

On-board 18,929 

On-Board
35

IX. Other Sources of Funding for the Judiciary

Explanation of Other Funding Sources

In addition to appropriated funds, each year the judiciary uses other non-appropriated funds to 

offset its appropriation requirements. Fee collections, primarily from court filing fees, comprise 

the majority of these sources of funds. These funds are used to offset expenses within the 

Salaries and Expenses account, allowing the judiciary to request fewer appropriated dollars from 

Congress.

“Unencumbered” Funds

In addition to fee collections, in certain instances the judiciary may carry funds forward from one 

year to the next. These carryforward funds are considered “unencumbered” when they are 

generated by savings in the financial plan where budgeted costs did not materialize, such as 

slower than expected hiring or space delivery dates. These savings are usually unforeseen and 

uncontrollable by the judiciary.

Recognizing that savings in the financial plan tend to occur each year, but at unpredictable 

levels, the judiciary has tried to estimate the level of unencumbered funds that will be available 

to offset FY 2022 requirements. As the table below indicates, the judiciary has estimated that 

unencumbered funds will total $374.7 million in FY 2022, including $224.7 million in new fee 

collections and $150.0 million in other unencumbered carryforward. This level of 

unencumbered funds represents a net increase of $8.9 million from the $365.7 million estimated 

in FY 2021 to help finance court operations. The judiciary requests a decrease of $8.9 million in 

appropriations due to a higher amount of anticipated non-appropriated funds.

The judiciary’s estimates for non-appropriated funds typically fluctuate during the fiscal year. 

Administrative Office staff will update the appropriations subcommittee staffs on changes in 

non-appropriated funding levels during FY 2021.

Sources of Non-Appropriated Unencumbered Funds

in Salaries and Expenses

($000)

FY 2021 FY 2022

Plan Request

Fee Collections 182,761 224,661 41,900

Other Carryforward 182,981 150,000 (32,981)

Total, Non-Appropriated 

Sources of Funding, 

Excluding Encumbered

365,742 374,661 8,919

Dollars in Thousands Difference
36

“Encumbered” Funds

Carryforward funds are considered “encumbered” when both the funds and the associated need 

for the funds shift, or slip, to the next year. The judiciary has no-year authority for specific 

purposes for multi-year IT investments and new space-related requirements. Further, in some 

cases, similar to unencumbered funds described above, carryforward of fee balances from the 

prior year includes savings where planned expenses did not occur. This authority is used when 

planned expenses are delayed, or slipped, from one year to the next. In FY 2021, $168.5 million 

of financing and requirements were slipped from FY 2020. 

“Encumbered” funds, while adding to the judiciary’s projected obligations in a given fiscal year, 

do not impact the judiciary’s appropriation requirements. Even if the total amount fluctuates 

from year to year, the funds associated with the specific project are brought forward from the 

prior year to fund the project, resulting in no additional appropriation requirements.
37

Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and

Other Judicial Services

Defender Services

FTE ($000)

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation 3,194 1,316,240

Adjustments to Base 102 67,990

Program Increases 103 25,361

FY 2022 Appropriation Request 3,399 1,409,591

FY 2022 Request

Discretionary

The judiciary requests $1,409.6 million for Defender Services in FY 2022, a 7.1 percent increase

over the FY 2021 enacted appropriation. This FY 2022 request reflects the necessary adjustments 

to base to maintain current services, as well as program increases for the continued implementation 

of the federal defender organization (FDO) staffing formula; additional positions for national 

information technology needs, the national Capital Resource Counsel Project, workload arising 

from the Supreme Court's decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma, a new Diversity Fellowship Program, 

and the reimbursable program; the FDO staffing reserve; and the anticipated establishment of new 

federal defender organization. 

This funding supports the provision of constitutionally-mandated legal representation and other 

services to persons financially unable to obtain counsel in criminal and related matters in federal 

court. The Criminal Justice Act provides that courts shall appoint counsel from federal public and 

community defender organizations or from a panel of private attorneys established by the court.

I. Discretionary Adjustments to Base

An increase of $68.0 million is requested for adjustments to base for pay and inflationary increases

as well as for adjustments that will allow the judiciary to meet its constitutional obligation to 

provide defense counsel to all eligible persons in FY 2022. These increases include:

1. Pay and benefit adjustments: $23.5 million

An increase of $23.5 million will provide for the annualization of the January 2021 pay 

adjustment (including inflationary panel rate adjustments), an assumed January 2022 pay 

adjustment (including inflationary panel rate adjustments), within-grade increases, and 

changes in benefits rates. Of this amount, $5.4 million is requested for the increase in the

agency contribution rate to the Federal Employees Retirement System.
38

2. Other inflationary increases: $7.8 million

An increase of $7.8 million is required for inflationary adjustments for non-pay categories, 

including space rental costs.

3. Change in projected panel attorney workload: $9.9 million

The requested increase represents the costs associated with a change in panel attorney 

caseload. Panel attorney representations are projected to be 92,600 in statistical year (SY)

2022. This is an increase of 17,500 above the assumed SY 2021 panel caseload of 75,100

representations.

4. Annualization of FY 2021 positions: $25.8 million and 102 FTE

Funding is required to annualize FY 2021 positions consisting of 162 federal public 

defender organization (FPDO) positions (81 FTE); 44 community defender organization

(CDO) positions; 10 FPDO panel management positions (5 FTE); 3 CDO panel 

management positions; 26 positions (13 FTE) related to the Supreme Court’s decision in

McGirt v. Oklahoma, 5 national positions (3 FTE); and 8 reimbursable positions that will

support the Defender Services Office.

5. Increase in appropriations needed to fund current services: $1.0 million

In FY 2021, $21.0 million in balances from FY 2020 and prior years will be available to 

finance requirements. In FY 2022, the judiciary expects $20.0 million in non-appropriated 

funds to be available, a decrease of $1.0 million from FY 2021. Because the judiciary 

anticipates having $1.0 million less in carryforward funding available in FY 2022, it 

requests $1.0 million in funding to substitute direct appropriations for base expenses 

previously funded from carryforward balances.

II. Program Increases

The FY 2022 request includes $25.4 million for program increases. These increases include:

1. Change in projected FDO workload: $12.4 million and 47 FTE

The FY 2022 request includes an increase of $12.4 million and 47 FTE for 118 additional 

FDO staff funded for six months (94 FPDO positions/47 FTE and 24 CDO positions) for 

the continued implementation of the FDO staffing formula. The additional staff would 

allow authorized staffing levels to reach 98 percent of formula requirements.

2. National positions: $1.1 million and 5 FTE

The requested increase supports 10 national positions (5 FTE). Of the 10 positions, 7 

positions (3.5 FTE) are related to IT and are necessary to ensure that Defender IT systems 
39

are secure and mission capable. The other 3 positions (1.5 FTE) will support the Capital 

Resource Counsel Project.

3. McGirt v. Oklahoma positions: $3.4 million and 16 FTE

The requested increase supports 32 positions (16 FTE) to address the increase in caseload 

resulting from the Supreme Court’s decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma.

4. Diversity Fellowship Program positions: $1.5 million and 7 FTE

The requested increase supports 14 positions (7 FTE) to establish a Diversity Fellowship 

program with FDOs consisting of 2 capital fellows and 12 non-capital fellows. The 

program complies with all applicable equal employment opportunity laws, and eligibility to 

participate and selection are without regard to race, color, religion, age, gender, national 

origin, political affiliation, disability, sexual orientation, marital or family status, or other 

difference.

5. Reimbursable positions: $0.7 million

The requested increase supports 8 additional reimbursable positions for the AO’s Defender 

Services Office. These positions will support higher workload demands associated with 

data management, financial analysis, legal and policy support, program operations, 

training, and implementation of CJA-related policies approved by the Judicial Conference.

6. FDO Staffing Reserve: $6.0 million and 28.5 FTE

The requested reserve will provide the Defender Services program with more flexibility to 

quickly allocate additional resources to FDOs in response to significant caseload pressures, 

including substantial and unexpected surges in workload due to changes in law and 

practice. Any additive FTEs allocated to address caseload surges would be temporary and 

only approved for that specific fiscal year. In FY 2022, the staffing flexibility afforded by 

the reserve may be used to address substantial increases in capital workload in the District 

of Arizona pursuant to a federal process known as “Opt-In.” 

7. Establishment of new federal defender organization: $0.3 million

The requested increase will support non-recurring start-up costs for one anticipated new 

organization. The requested start-up costs are for tenant alterations, furniture, equipment, 

and law books. The FY 2022 staffing costs are expected to be minimal and will be paid for 

by using existing resources. Once established, the FDO staffing formula will be used to 

determine staffing requirements.
40

III. Appropriations Language

Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and Other Judicial Services 

Defender Services

For the operation of Federal Defender organizations; the compensation and reimbursement of 

expenses of attorneys appointed to represent persons under 18 U.S.C. 3006A and 3599, and for the 

compensation and reimbursement of expenses of persons furnishing investigative, expert, and 

other services for such representations as authorized by law; the compensation (in accordance with 

the maximums under 18 U.S.C. 3006A) and reimbursement of expenses of attorneys appointed to 

assist the court in criminal cases where the defendant has waived representation by counsel; the 

compensation and reimbursement of expenses of attorneys appointed to represent jurors in civil 

actions for the protection of their employment, as authorized by 28 U.S.C. 1875(d)(1); the 

compensation and reimbursement of expenses of attorneys appointed under 18 U.S.C. 983(b)(1) in 

connection with certain judicial civil forfeiture proceedings; the compensation and reimbursement 

of travel expenses of guardians ad litem appointed under 18 U.S.C. 4100(b); and for necessary 

training and general administrative expenses, [$1,316,240,000]$1,409,591,000, to remain available 

until expended.

(P.L. 116-260 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)

IV. Summary of Obligations

Category

FY 2020

Actual

FY 2021

Assumed

FY 2022

Request

Compensation and Benefits 505,398 538,225 588,530

Rent, Communications and Utilities 52,841 57,730 61,674

Travel 7,112 15,139 15,787

Contractual Services (includes panel attorney payments) 505,471 518,973 541,657

Other (includes grants to Community Defender Organizations) 191,286 207,546 221,943

Total Direct Obligations 1,262,108 1,337,613 1,429,591

Encumbered Carryforward (2,800) (370) -

Total Obligations (Excluding Encumbered Carryforward) 1,259,308 1,337,243 1,429,591

Other Adjustments (23,734) (21,003) (20,000)

Available Appropriation 1,235,574 1,316,240 1,409,591

 Discretionary Appropriation 1,234,574 1,316,240 1,409,591

 CARES Act Supplemental Appropriation 1,000 - -

Courts of Appeals, District Courts and Other Judicial Services

Comparative Summary of Obligations by Category

($000)

Defender Services
41

V. Budget Request by Category

VI. Defender Services Workload Factors

Total Representations

Workload Factor 2016 

Actual

2017 

Actual

2018 

Actual

2019 

Actual

2020 

Actual

2021 

Projected

2022 

Projected

FDO weighted – noncapital representations 128,767 131,024 142,750 152,496 151,025 121,000 141,200

FDO weighted – capital 

prosecutions 1,104 2,752 2,101 1,174 1,019 1,700 1,700

Total FDO weighted 

Representations1 129,871 133,776 144,851 153,670 152,044 122,700 142,900

Panel Attorneys 80,043 79,352 77,130 89,079 93,189 75,100 92,600

Total Representations2 209,914 213,128 221,981 242,749 245,233 197,800 235,500

Year-to-Year Change 1.5% 4.2% 9.4% 1.0% -19.3% 19.1%

1 FDO caseload actuals and projections are based on raw cases converted to weighted cases. 

2 Statistical data are for a 12-month period through March 31 of each year.
42

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43

Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and

Other Judicial Services

Fees of Jurors and Commissioners

FTE ($000)

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation - 32,517

Adjustments to Base - 21,173

Program Increases - -

FY 2022 Appropriation Request - 53,690

FY 2022 Request

Discretionary

The judiciary requests $53.7 million for Fees of Jurors and Commissioners in FY 2022, a 65.1

percent increase over the FY 2021 enacted appropriation. The large appropriations increase over 

FY 2021 is an aberration and reflects the significant use of unobligated balances available from 

FY 2020, due to reduced juror activity related to the pandemic, to finance FY 2021 requirements. 

The FY 2022 request reflects the necessary adjustments to base to maintain current services, 

including $21.0 million to replace the one-time carryforward balances with appropriated funds,

and a $0.2 million net increase for inflationary adjustments and changes in projected program 

requirements.

Costs associated with this account can be unpredictable and are driven by the number of jury trials, 

the length of those trials, and statutory rates for reimbursement paid to jurors.

I. Discretionary Adjustments to Base

The FY 2022 request includes an increase of $21.2 million in adjustments to base associated with 

inflationary adjustments, projected changes in juror days, and other adjustments to maintain 

current services. This will allow the account to continue to pay for the statutory fees and expenses 

of grand and petit jurors and compensation of land commissioners in FY 2022. These adjustments 

include:

1. Inflationary adjustments: $0.6 million

In addition to attendance fees, jurors also are reimbursed for certain expenses, including 

meals and lodging for sequestered jurors and transportation of juries to view evidence or 

crime scenes. Inflationary increases associated with these expenses are expected to total 

$0.3 million for grand jurors and $0.4 million for petit jurors in FY 2022.
44

2. Projected change in juror days: ($0.4 million)

Overall expenses for grand and petit jurors are expected to decrease by $0.4 million in 

FY 2022 based on the projected number of available grand and petit jurors.

3. Increase in appropriations needed to fund current services: $21.0 million

The FY 2021 financial plan for this account was financed in part by a historically large 

carryforward balances from FY 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as some prior 

year recoveries. Therefore, the FY 2022 request includes $21.0 million in appropriated 

funds to replace this funding. The Judiciary will advise Congress if any savings materialize 

in FY 2021 that may reduce FY 2022 appropriations requirements for this account.

II. Appropriations Language

Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and Other Judicial Services 

Fees of Jurors and Commissioners

For fees and expenses of jurors as authorized by 28 U.S.C. 1871 and 1876; compensation of jury 

commissioners as authorized by 28 U.S.C. 1863; and compensation of commissioners appointed in 

condemnation cases pursuant to rule 71.1(h) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (28 U.S.C. 

Appendix Rule 71.1(h)), [$32,517,000]$53,690,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, 

That the compensation of land commissioners shall not exceed the daily equivalent of the highest 

rate payable under 5 U.S.C. 5332.

(P.L. 116-260 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)

III. Summary of Obligations

Category

FY 2020

Actual

FY 2021

Assumed

FY 2022

Request

Compensation and Benefits 15,763 23,368 26,972

Rent, Communications and Utilities 1,880 2,825 2,881

Travel 13,527 23,321 23,929

Other 1,347 2,850 2,908

Total Direct Obligations 32,517 52,364 56,690

Other Adjustments 21,028 (19,847) (3,000)

Available Appropriation 53,545 32,517 53,690

Courts of Appeals, District Courts and Other Judicial Services

Comparative Summary of Obligations by Category

($000)

Fees of Jurors and Commissioners
45

IV. Budget Request by Category

Petit Jurors

66.2%

Grand Jurors

33.7%

Land 

Commissioners

0.2%

FY 2022 Budget Request

Fees of Jurors and Commissioners Account

(Obligations)
46

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47

Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and

Other Judicial Services

Court Security

FTE ($000)

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation 77 664,011

Adjustments to Base 2 6,027

Program Increases 5 12,102

FY 2022 Appropriation Request 84 682,140

Discretionary

FY 2022 Request

The judiciary requests $682.1 million for Court Security in FY 2022, a 2.7 percent increase over 

the FY 2021 enacted appropriation. This FY 2022 request reflects the necessary adjustments to 

base to maintain current services. The request also includes program increases for the continued

implementation of the physical access control systems (PACS) replacement strategy; security 

infrastructure and additional court security officers (CSOs) for new courthouses; the phased

implementation of an equipment modernization and cyclical replacement strategy for video 

management systems (VMS) and staffing; the fifth year of the phased implementation of the 

revised CSO staffing standards; and additional U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) staff.

The majority of the funding in this account is transferred to the USMS, which is responsible for 

administering the Judicial Facility Security Program. 

I. Discretionary Adjustments to Base

The Court Security request includes $6.0 million for adjustments to base for pay and benefits, 

inflationary increases, and other adjustments to maintain current services in FY 2022. These 

adjustments include:

1. Pay and benefits adjustments: $0.3 million

This includes an increase of $0.3 million for January 2022 pay adjustments, annualization 

of January 2021 pay adjustments, within-grade increases, and changes in benefit rates for 

the 79 FTEs funded by this account. 

2. Annualization of CSO positions (31): $1.2 million

Funding is required to annualize costs for 31 additional CSO positions needed to staff 

new courthouse construction projects in FY 2021.
48

3. Annualization of USMS positions: $0.3 million and 2 FTE

Funding is required to annualize costs for 4 new USMS positions (2 FTE) to support the 

equipment modernization and cyclical replacement strategy.

4. FY 2022 CSO contract and wage rate adjustments: $12.0 million

This increase provides for an average 2.6 percent wage adjustment for contract CSOs, as 

established by the U.S. Department of Labor and based on collective bargaining 

agreements.

5. Non-pay inflationary increase: $26,000

An increase of $26,000 is requested for a 2.0 percent general inflationary increase for 

travel, supplies, equipment, and other contractual services (exclusive of CSO contracts). 

6. GSA space rental increase: $0.3 million

The request represents an inflationary increase and adjustments in the cost of GSA space 

rental charges for FY 2022. 

7. Changes in Federal Protective Service security charges: net ($4.5 million)

The requested net decrease of $4.5 million will fund basic and building-specific security 

expenses based on anticipated billings from the Department of Homeland Security 

Federal Protective Service (FPS). The total request for FPS charges is $79.8 million in 

FY 2022, which is a 5.3 percent decrease from the $84.3 million projected for FY 2021.

The decrease is attributable not to a reduction in security requirements but to a change in 

the FPS billing methodology. 

($000) FY 2021 FY 2022 Difference

Basic 29,712 24,401 (5,311)

Building-Specific 54,585 55,428 843

Total FPS 84,297 79,829 (4,468)

8. Adjustments to base for security systems and equipment: net $1.4 million

The requested amount reflects a net increase of $1.4 million in the court security systems 

and equipment acquisition plan (excluding proposed program increases). This increase is 

primarily for the nationwide vehicle barrier maintenance contract, other additional and 

replacement equipment, and perimeter security improvements. The increases are

partially offset by a decrease for CSO radio-related costs. 
49 

9. Funding adjustment due to an increase in non-appropriated sources of funds:

($5.0 million)

In FY 2021, $10 million in balances from FY 2020 and prior years will be available to

finance FY 2021 requirements. In FY 2022, the judiciary expects $15 million in nonappropriated funds to be available, an increase of $5 million from FY 2021. Because the

judiciary anticipates having $5 million more in carryforward funding available in

FY 2022, it requests $5 million less in funding to maintain current services.

II. Program Changes

The FY 2022 request includes $12.1 million for program increases. These increases include:

1. Physical access control systems (PACS) replacement strategy: $5.0 million

The FY 2022 request includes an additional $5.0 million to implement the PACS

replacement strategy, for a total of $42.0 million to replace PACS at significant risk of

failure. The judiciary’s strategy is to seek increases in PACS funding by approximately

$5 million each year from FY 2019 to FY 2022 to replace old and failing building access

systems at court facilities nationwide. The FY 2022 request represents the last year that

the judiciary will seek a $5.0 million increase. This approach should be sufficient to fund

PACS upgrades and begin to refresh PACS on a 10-year cycle starting in FY 2024. The

judiciary projects PACS upgrades in all 500 facilities will be completed by FY 2030.

2. New courthouse construction projects

a. Security infrastructure for new courthouses: ($0.8 million)

In FY 2021, $2.8 million is included for security systems requirements for new 

courthouse construction projects, but in FY 2022, only $2.0 million is required for the 

courthouse project in Huntsville, Alabama. Thus, a decrease of $0.8 million is associated 

with non-recurring security requirements in FY 2022. 

b. Additional CSOs (8) for new courthouses: $0.5 million

The FY 2022 request includes $0.5 million for an additional 8 CSO positions for new 

courthouses or annexes nearing completion in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Des Moines, 

Iowa; and Toledo, Ohio. These positions are needed to adequately staff new courthouse 

construction projects that are projected to be open in FY 2022 or early FY 2023. 
50

3. Equipment modernization and cyclical replacement strategy

a. Video management systems (VMS): $5.2 million

The FY 2022 request includes an additional $5.2 million for modernization and cyclical 

replacement of aging VMS. Building on the $10.0 million approved in FY 2021, there 

will be $15.3 million (with inflation) for VMS in FY 2022.

b. Staffing: $0.6 million and 2 FTE

The FY 2022 request includes $0.6 million for four new positions (2 FTE) at the USMS 

to support the equipment modernization and cyclical replacement strategy.

4. Phased implementation of the revised CSO staffing standards: $1.3 million

The FY 2022 request includes $1.3 million for an additional 20.5 CSOs, including 2.5 

CSOs for a special needs post in Hato Rey, Puerto Rico. With this request, the phased 

implementation of the revised CSO staffing standards will be 75 percent complete.

5. USMS positions: $0.3 million and 3 FTE

The judiciary requests $0.3 million for five new USMS positions. This request consists 

of $0.3 million for three positions at the CSO Applications and Qualifications branch, 

which would allow the USMS to better identify and mitigate security risks, conduct more 

robust compliance reviews, and increase the efficiency of the CSO onboarding process. 

In addition, the request includes two positions (but no additional funding) for the CSO 

radio communications program. The FY 2020 financial plan included two contractors to 

support the CSO radio communications program for $0.3 million. However, due to the 

sensitive nature of the work, these positions need to be filled with permanent employees 

as opposed to contractors. 

III. Appropriations Language

Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and Other Judicial Services 

Court Security

(Including Transfers of Funds)

For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, incident to the provision of 

protective guard services for United States courthouses and other facilities housing Federal court 

operations, and the procurement, installation, and maintenance of security systems and 

equipment for United States courthouses and other facilities housing Federal court operations, 

including building ingress-egress control, inspection of mail and packages, directed security 

patrols, perimeter security, basic security services provided by the Federal Protective Service, 

and other similar activities as authorized by section 1010 of the Judicial Improvement and 

Access to Justice Act (Public Law 100-702), [$664,011,000]$682,140,000, of which not to 
51

exceed $20,000,000 shall remain available until expended, to be expended directly or transferred 

to the United States Marshals Service, which shall be responsible for administering the Judicial 

Facility Security Program consistent with standards or guidelines agreed to by the Director of the 

Administrative Office of the United States Courts and the Attorney General.

(P.L 116-260 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)

IV. Summary of Obligations

Category

FY 2020

Actual

FY 2021

Assumed

FY 2022

Request

Compensation and Benefits 10,342 12,132 13,612

Rent, Communications and Utilities 7,685 8,976 9,140

Travel 975 626 626

Court Security Officers Contract 429,614 451,900 466,785

Federal Protective Service Charges 82,446 84,297 79,829

Other 100,866 132,176 127,148

Total Direct Obligations 631,928 690,107 697,140

Other Adjustments 7,237 (26,096) (15,000)

Available Appropriation 639,165 664,011 682,140

Courts of Appeals, District Courts and Other Judicial Services

Comparative Summary of Obligations by Category

($000)

Court Security
52

V. Budget Request by Category

Court Security 

Officer Contract 

Costs

67%

Security Systems 

and Equipment

16%

Federal Protective 

Service Charges

12%

Program 

Administration

5%

FY 2022 Budget Request

Court Security Account

(Obligations)
53

Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts

Salaries and Expenses

FTE ($000)

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation 632 95,675

Adjustments to Base 8 3,964

Program Increases 4 703

FY 2022 Appropriation Request 643 100,342

Discretionary

FY 2022 Request

The Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (AO) requests $100.3 million in FY 2022, a 4.9

percent increase over the FY 2021 enacted appropriation. The FY 2022 request reflects the 

necessary adjustments to base to maintain current services and program increases to expand the 

Office of Compliance and Risk and strengthen procurement and contract management.

In addition to the appropriation provided by Congress, the AO receives non-appropriated funds 

from sources such as fee collections and carryover balances to offset its appropriation 

requirements. The AO also receives reimbursements from other judiciary accounts for 

information technology development and other services that are in direct support of the courts, 

the court security program, and defender services. 

I. Discretionary Adjustments to Base

The AO requests $4.0 million in adjustments to base in FY 2022 for standard pay and benefits,

inflationary increases, and other adjustments to maintain current services in FY 2022.

II. Program Increases

The FY 2022 request includes $0.7 million for program increases. These increases include:

1. Establishment of Office of Compliance and Risk: $0.1 million and 0.5 FTE

The AO established a Compliance and Risk Officer in FY 2020 to assess risk across the 

agency and remediate critical findings from audits and reviews. A second position was 

funded in FY 2021 to focus on the oversight and monitoring of corrective actions. For 

FY 2022, a third position is requested to focus on risk management functions through the 

establishment of an enterprise risk management program based on GAO standards and 

industry best practices. 
54

2. Procurement and contract management improvements: $0.6 million and 3 FTE

The FY 2022 request includes $0.6 million and 6 positions (3 FTE) to improve 

procurement and contract management processes at the AO. The request consists of 2 

positions (1 FTE) for training and supporting contracting officer representatives, 2 

positions (1 FTE) for improving requirements gathering and pre-award functions for 

complex contracts, and 2 positions (1 FTE) for improving the invoicing processes for 

complex contracts.

III. Appropriations Language

Administrative Office of the United States Courts

Salaries and Expenses

For necessary expenses of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts as authorized by 

law, including travel as authorized by 31 U.S.C. 1345, hire of a passenger motor vehicle as 

authorized by 31 U.S.C. 1343(b), advertising and rent in the District of Columbia and elsewhere, 

[$95,675,000]$100,342,000, of which not to exceed $8,500 is authorized for official reception 

and representation expenses.

(P.L. 116-260 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)

IV. Summary of Obligations

Category

FY 2020

Actual

FY 2021

Assumed

FY 2022

Request

Compensation and Benefits 213,641 223,352 240,941

Rent, Communications and Utilities 574 659 679

Travel 597 456 470

Other 10,253 8,459 8,714

Total Direct Obligations 225,065 232,926 250,804

Other Adjustments (23,770) (19,250) (19,719)

Reimbursable Program (107,034) (118,001) (130,743)

Available Appropriation 94,261 95,675 100,342

Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts

Comparative Summary of Obligations by Category

($000)
55

Federal Judicial Center

Salaries and Expenses

FTE ($000)

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation 128 29,015

Adjustments to Base - 749

Program Increases - 2,100

FY 2022 Appropriation Request 128 31,864

FY 2022 Request

Discretionary

The Federal Judicial Center (FJC) requests $31.9 million in FY 2022, a 9.8 percent increase over 

the FY 2021 enacted appropriation. This request reflects the necessary adjustments to base to 

maintain current services. The FJC reduced its FY 2021 appropriations request due to the impact 

of the COVID-19 pandemic on the FJC’s ability to safely conduct training programs for judges 

and judiciary staff. The FY 2022 request includes a program increase to resume these in-person 

training programs at a pre-pandemic level.

The FJC, which is the research and education arm of the Third Branch, provides judges and other 

judiciary personnel with education and training on legal developments and efficient litigation 

management and court administration. As such, its workload is derived in large part from the 

population of the courts. 

I. Discretionary Adjustments to Base

The Federal Judicial Center requests $0.7 million in adjustments to base for standard pay, 

benefit, and other inflationary adjustments. 

II. Program Increases

The FJC anticipated no in-person programs could be safely delivered in the first two quarters in 

FY 2021 and reduced its FY 2021 funding requirements accordingly. The FY 2022 request 

includes $2.1 million to resume in-person programs for judges and judiciary staff.
56

III. Appropriations Language

Federal Judicial Center

Salaries and Expenses

For necessary expenses of the Federal Judicial Center, as authorized by Public Law 90-219, 

[$29,015,000]$31,864,000; of which $1,800,000 shall remain available until September 30, 

[2022]2023, to provide education and training to Federal court personnel; and of which not to 

exceed $1,500 is authorized for official reception and representation expenses.

(P.L. 116-260 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)

IV. Summary of Obligations

Category

FY 2020

Actual

FY 2021

Assumed

FY 2022

Request

Compensation and Benefits 21,785 22,447 23,061

Rent, Communications and Utilities 350 491 501

Travel 381 3,751 6,033

Other 4,977 2,566 2,619

Total Direct Obligations 27,493 29,255 32,214

Other Adjustments 2,943 (240) (350)

Available Appropriation 30,436 29,015 31,864

Federal Judicial Center

Comparative Summary of Obligations by Category

($000)
57

United States Sentencing Commission

Salaries and Expenses

FTE ($000)

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation 95 19,965

Adjustments to Base - 661

Program Increases - -

FY 2022 Appropriation Request 95 20,626

FY 2022 Request

Discretionary

The United States Sentencing Commission (the Commission) requests $20.6 million in FY 2022, 

a 3.3 percent increase over the FY 2021 enacted appropriation. The FY 2022 request reflects the 

necessary adjustments to base to maintain current services. The Commission requests no 

program increases for FY 2022.

The Commission’s duties are to review and revise the sentencing guidelines regularly, collect 

data from federal sentencing courts, analyze these data to provide meaningful information on 

federal sentencing practices, and provide extensive training to guideline users.

I. Discretionary Adjustments to Base

The Commission requests $0.7 million in adjustments to base for standard pay, benefit, and other 

inflationary adjustments. 

II. Appropriations Language

United States Sentencing Commission

Salaries and Expenses

For the salaries and expenses necessary to carry out the provisions of chapter 58 of title 28, 

United States Code, [$19,965,000]$20,626,000, of which not to exceed $1,000 is authorized for 

official reception and representation expenses.

(P.L. 116-260 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)
58

III. Summary of Obligations

Category

FY 2020

Actual

FY 2021

Assumed

FY 2022

Request

Compensation and Benefits 14,423 16,047 16,350

Rent, Communications and Utilities 22 23 24

Travel 74 150 300

Other 5,019 3,745 3,952

Total Direct Obligations 19,538 19,965 20,626

Other Adjustments 132 - -

Available Appropriation 19,670 19,965 20,626

United States Sentencing Commission

Comparative Summary of Obligations by Category

($000)
59

Title III Administrative Provisions – The Judiciary

Note: For bill language, the judiciary used the language from P.L. 116-260, Financial 

Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021. Therefore, the bracketed 

and italicized changes reflected below are being made to FY 2021 language as it appears in 

Public Law 116-260.

SEC. 301. Appropriations and authorizations made in this title which are available for 

salaries and expenses shall be available for services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109.

SEC. 302. Not to exceed 5 percent of any appropriation made available for the current 

fiscal year for the Judiciary in this Act may be transferred between such appropriations, but no 

such appropriation, except ‘‘Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and Other Judicial Services, 

Defender Services’’ and ‘‘Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and Other Judicial Services, Fees 

of Jurors and Commissioners’’, shall be increased by more than 10 percent by any such transfers: 

Provided, That any transfer pursuant to this section shall be treated as a reprogramming of funds 

under sections 604 and 608 of this Act and shall not be available for obligation or expenditure 

except in compliance with the procedures set forth in section 608.

SEC. 303. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the salaries and expenses 

appropriation for ‘‘Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and Other Judicial Services’’ shall be 

available for official reception and representation expenses of the Judicial Conference of the 

United States: Provided, That such available funds shall not exceed $11,000 and shall be 

administered by the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts in the 

capacity as Secretary of the Judicial Conference.

SEC. 304. Section 3315(a) of title 40, United States Code, shall be applied by substituting 

‘‘Federal’’ for ‘‘executive’’ each place it appears.

SEC. 305. In accordance with 28 U.S.C. 561–569, and notwithstanding any other 

provision of law, the United States Marshals Service shall provide, for such courthouses as its 

Director may designate in consultation with the Director of the Administrative Office of the 

United States Courts, for purposes of a pilot program, the security services that 40 U.S.C. 1315 

authorizes the Department of Homeland Security to provide, except for the services specified in 

40 U.S.C. 1315(b)(2)(E). For building-specific security services at these courthouses, the 

Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall reimburse the United 

States Marshals Service rather than the Department of Homeland Security.

SEC. 306. (a) Section 203(c) of the Judicial Improvements Act of 1990 (Public Law 101–

650; 28 U.S.C. 133 note), is amended [in the matter following paragraph 12–]

[(1)]in the second sentence (relating to the District of Kansas) following paragraph 

(12), by striking ‘‘[29]30 years and 6 months’’ and inserting ‘‘[30]31 years and 6 months’’.[; 

and]
60

[(2) in the sixth sentence (relating to the District of Hawaii), by striking ‘‘26 years and 

6 months’’ and inserting ‘‘27 years and 6 months’’.]

(b) Section 406 of the Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the 

Judiciary, the District of Columbia, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006 (Public 

Law 109–115; 119 Stat. 2470; 28 U.S.C. 133 note) is amended in the second sentence (relating 

to the eastern District of Missouri) by striking ‘‘[27]28 years and 6 months’’ and inserting 

‘‘[28]29 years and 6 months’’.

(c) Section 312(c)(2) of the 21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations 

Authorization Act (Public Law 107–273; 28 U.S.C. 133 note), is amended—

(1) in the first sentence by inserting after “except in the case of” the following: “the 

northern district of Alabama,”;

(2) in the first sentence by inserting after “the central district of California” the 

following: “,”;

([1]3) in the first sentence by striking ‘‘[18]19 years’’ and inserting ‘‘[19]20

years’’;

(4) by adding at the end of the first sentence the following: “The first vacancy in the 

office of district judge in the northern district of Alabama occurring 19 years or more 

after the confirmation date of the judge named to fill the temporary district judgeship 

created in that district by this subsection, shall not be filled.”;

([2]5) in the [second]third sentence (relating to the central District of California), by 

striking ‘‘[17]18 years and 6 months’’ and inserting ‘‘[18]19 years and 6 months’’; and

([3]6) in the [third]fourth sentence (relating to the western district of North Carolina), 

by striking ‘‘[16]17 years’’ and inserting ‘‘[17]18 years’’.

This title may be cited as the ‘‘Judiciary Appropriations Act, [2021]2022’’.

Explanation of Changes

• The above language extends eight temporary district judgeships for 12 months each: Arizona, 

California-Central, Florida-Southern, Kansas, Missouri-Eastern, New Mexico, North 

Carolina-Western, and Texas-Eastern. 
61

Judicial Retirement Funds

Payment to Judiciary Trust Funds

FTE ($000)

FY 2021 Enacted Appropriation - 262,300

Adjustments to Base - 10,300

FY 2022 Appropriation Request - 272,600

FY 2022 Request

Mandatory

The judiciary requests $272.6 million in mandatory appropriations for the Judicial Retirement 

Funds in FY 2022, a 3.9 percent increase above the FY 2021 enacted level. 

The Payment to the Judiciary Trust Funds is a mandatory account and is divided among three 

trust funds that finance payments to (1) retired bankruptcy and magistrate judges, (2) retired 

Court of Federal Claims judges, and (3) spouses and dependent children of deceased judicial 

officers. The appropriation requirements are calculated annually by an enrolled actuary pursuant 

to 31 U.S.C. 9503.

I. Mandatory Adjustments to Base

Based on independent actuarial calculations, a net increase of $10.3 million is required for this 

account for FY 2022. 

II. Appropriations Language

Sec. [618]__. (a) There are appropriated for the following activities the amounts required under 

current law:

(1) Compensation of the President (3 U.S.C. 102).

(2) Payments to--

(A) the Judicial Officers' Retirement Fund (28 U.S.C. 377(o));

(B) the Judicial Survivors' Annuities Fund (28 U.S.C. 376(c)); and

(C) the United States Court of Federal Claims Judges' Retirement Fund (28 U.S.C. 

178(l)).

(3) Payment of Government contributions--

(A) with respect to the health benefits of retired employees, as authorized by chapter 

89 of title 5, United States Code, and the Retired Federal Employees Health Benefits Act 

(74 Stat. 849); and

(B) with respect to the life insurance benefits for employees retiring after December 

31, 1989 (5 U.S.C. ch. 87).
62

(4) Payment to finance the unfunded liability of new and increased annuity benefits under 

the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund (5 U.S.C. 8348).

(5) Payment of annuities authorized to be paid from the Civil Service Retirement and 

Disability Fund by statutory provisions other than subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 

of title 5, United States Code.

(b) Nothing in this section may be construed to exempt any amount appropriated by this 

section from any otherwise applicable limitation on the use of funds contained in this Act.

(P.L 116-260 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)

III. Summary of Obligations

Category

FY 2020

Actual

FY 2021

Assumed

FY 2022

Request

Other - Judicial Officers' Retirement Fund 203,900 229,400 238,100

Other - Judicial Survivors' Annuities Fund 32,400 29,100 30,400

Other - United States Court of Federal 

Claims Judges' Retirement Fund 3,800 3,800 4,100

Total Obligations/Appropriations 240,100 262,300 272,600

Judicial Retirement Funds

Comparative Summary of Obligations by Category

($000)
63

Judiciary Space Priorities

for the

Fiscal Year 2022 Budget Request
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The federal courthouse construction program is administered jointly by the judiciary and General 

Services Administration (GSA). The judiciary establishes priorities for courthouse construction 

projects and sets the housing requirements for each project to ensure that completed facilities

meet the needs of the courts. GSA, as the holder of real property authority, secures the funding 

for courthouse construction, acquires the building site, and completes design and construction 

work on the facilities themselves. 

The judiciary sets forth its priorities for courthouse construction funding on its Federal Judiciary 

Courthouse Project Priorities (CPP) list. The CPP is divided into two parts. Part I consists of 

the judiciary’s highest courthouse construction funding priorities for the budget year. Part II 

identifies out-year courthouse construction priorities.

Management of Fiscal Year 2016 Funding

In FY 2016, Congress provided $948 million to GSA for the construction of courthouses on the 

judiciary’s CPP list, as approved by the Judicial Conference in September 2015. Consistent with 

congressional intent, this FY 2016 courthouse construction funding is being used to fully fund 

eight projects: Nashville, Tennessee; Toledo, Ohio; Charlotte, North Carolina; Des Moines, 

Iowa; Greenville, South Carolina; Anniston, Alabama; Savannah, Georgia; and San Antonio, 

Texas. Partial funding was also provided for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. In addition, Congress 

provided $53 million for GSA for new construction and acquisition of federal buildings that 

jointly house U.S. courthouses and other federal agencies in Greenville, Mississippi, and 

Rutland, Vermont. Joint courthouse/federal building projects are prioritized by GSA and do not 

appear on the judiciary’s CPP. All the courthouse projects have been authorized by both the 

House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Senate Committee on the 

Environment and Public Works. 

Each of these projects is in a different stage of development and construction. The AO continues 

to engage with GSA, USMS, and other Executive Branch stakeholders to ensure that additional 

milestones are reached, and projects remain on track. These activities include regular 

coordination and project status meetings; development of a communications and program 

management plan; establishment of a National Courthouse Change Management Board to 

provide key oversight of the changes impacting scope, schedule, and budget; and deployment of 

a program management dashboard to track progress. Coordination continues among judiciary 

stakeholders to address issues impacting the portfolio including risks, policies, and best 

practices.

Courthouse Construction
66

Management of Fiscal Year 2018 Funding

In FY 2018, Congress provided the remainder of funding needed to complete the project in 

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania ($137.2 million), as well as complete construction funding for two 

additional projects: Huntsville, Alabama ($110.0 million), and Fort Lauderdale, Florida ($190.1 

million). Both the Huntsville and Fort Lauderdale projects have received authorization and are 

underway.

Update to the CPP

In September 2020, the Judicial Conference of the United States approved an updated CPP list 

for FY 2022 and beyond. For FY 2022, Part I of the CPP includes two projects:

• Hartford, Connecticut – $199.5 million for construction ($135.5 million previously 

funded in FY 2021 for site, design, and construction)

• Chattanooga, Tennessee – $94.6 million for construction ($94.5 million previously 

funded in FY 2021 for site, design, and construction)

The Conference notes that GSA is completing a more detailed analysis of costs in Chattanooga 

and the outstanding funding need in that location may be updated once that analysis is finished.

In addition, the Judicial Conference declared a judicial space emergency for the Nazario U.S. 

Courthouse and Degetau Federal Building in Puerto Rico due to unique circumstances that have 

arisen as a result of GSA’s planned seismic retrofit of the Degetau Federal Building and the 

significant detrimental impact it would have on district court components currently housed in the 

building. Consistent with past emergency declarations, the Puerto Rico project is now prioritized 

above all other new courthouse construction projects requested by the Judicial Conference. 

The approved CPP reflects the addition of one new location – Anchorage, Alaska – to Part II of 

the plan. Based on the judiciary’s Asset Management Planning (AMP) process, Urgency 

Evaluation scores, and the recommendations in the project’s completed GSA feasibility study, 

Anchorage was added to Part II, where it joins Bowling Green, Kentucky; Greensboro/Winston 

Salem, North Carolina; McAllen, Texas; and Norfolk, Virginia.

. 
67

U.S. Courthouse Project ($000)

U.S. Courthouse, Augusta, Georgia 19,800

FY 2022 Request 19,800

FY 2022 Request

The Capital Security Program (CSP) is funded as a Special Emphasis Program within GSA’s

Federal Buildings Fund. The CSP provides funding to address serious security deficiencies in 

existing courthouse buildings where physical renovations are viable in lieu of constructing a new 

courthouse. 

Fiscal Year 2022 Projects

The judiciary’s FY 2022 request for the CSP is $19.8 million. When combined with $9.0 million 

of available prior year CSP funding, this request will satisfy the judiciary’s two highest CSP 

priorities: Detroit, Michigan and Augusta, Georgia. Actual projects funded, and the amounts 

associated with them, may change depending on the final amount appropriated for the CSP and 

the most recent project cost estimates available at the time of appropriation. If funding is limited 

or costs change, requested projects that cannot be accommodated within the available 

appropriation will be reduced in scope or deferred to the following fiscal year. 

1. Theodore Levin U.S. Courthouse, Detroit, Michigan. $9.0 million (funded with $9 

million reallocated from cancelled Raleigh CSP Project)

The Levin Courthouse was constructed in 1934 and is listed on the National Register of 

Historic Places. The 402,935 usable square feet, ten-story plus basement structure houses 

13 courtrooms and 13 chambers. Security deficiencies at this courthouse will be partially 

addressed by constructing an enclosed USMS sally port; providing new screening stations 

and queuing areas at both public and staff lobbies; providing courtroom holding cells on 

two floors; and adding 2 new prisoner elevators to improve prisoner movement. This 

project was requested in FY 2019, FY 2020, and FY 2021, but no funding was provided in 

any of those fiscal years. In FY 2022, this project is proposed to be funded through the 

reallocation of $9.0 million of available prior year funds originally provided for a CSP 

project in Raleigh, North Carolina, that was subsequently cancelled.

2. U.S. Courthouse, Augusta, Georgia: $19.8 million ($19.8 million in appropriations 

requested for FY 2022) 

The U.S. Courthouse in Augusta was constructed in 1916 and expanded in 1930. It is 

listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The 28,321 usable square feet, threestory plus basement structure houses two courtrooms, one hearing room, and three 

Judiciary Capital Security Program
68

chambers. Security deficiencies at this courthouse will be addressed by replacing an 

existing open air carport with an enclosed USMS sally port and separate judges’ parking 

area, enlarging/reconfiguring the existing security screening queuing area, providing a 

dedicated judges’ elevator and a dedicated prisoner elevator, reconfiguring the first floor 

to provide secure and restricted circulation paths for prisoners and judges, and 

constructing a new prisoner movement circulation corridor over the first-floor roof to 

provide secure circulation on the second floor. This project was requested in FY 2019, 

FY 2020, and FY 2021, but no funding was provided.