FEDERAL JUDICIAL CENTER

Salaries and Expenses

SUMMARY STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT REQUIREMENTS

Fiscal Year 2024 Assumed Appropriation 

Fiscal Year 2025 Requested Appropriation

Requested Increase from Fiscal Year 2024 Assumed Appropriation

$34,218,000

$35,456,000

$1,238,000

APPROPRIATION LANGUAGE

FEDERAL JUDICIAL CENTER

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the Federal Judicial Center, as authorized by Public

Law 90-219, [$34,218,000]$35,456,000; of which $1,800,000 shall remain 

available through September 30, [2025]2026 , to provide education and training to 

Federal court personnel; and of which not to exceed $1,500 is authorized for

official reception and representation expenses.

(H.R. 4664/S. 2309 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 

2024, updated to reflect the judiciary's fiscal year 2024 assumed appropriation)

9.1
Fiscal Year 2025 Resource Requirements:

FTEs Amount

Fiscal Year 2024 Assumed Obligations................................................................................................ 128 34,694 

 Reimbursements from Federal Accounts and FJC Foundation..................................................................... - 476

Fiscal Year 2024 Assumed Appropriation........................................................................................... 128 34,218 

Page Adjustments to Base to Maintain Current Services:

No.

A. PERSONNEL

Pay and Benefit Adjustments

9.10 1. Proposed 2025 pay adjustment (2.0% for nine months) - 419 

9.10 2. Annualization of 2024 pay adjustment (5.2% for three months)............................................................. - 343 

9.10 3. Promotions and within-grade increases......................................................................................... - 212 

9.10 4. Benefits increases

a. Health benefits........................................................................................................... - 57 

b. FICA adjustment........................................................................................................... - 23 

FEDERAL JUDICIAL CENTER

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

SUMMARY OF REQUEST

FISCAL YEAR 2025

9.2
B. OTHER ADJUSTMENTS FTEs Amount

General Inflationary Adjustments

9.11 - 184 

Subtotal, Adjustments to Base to Maintain Current Services.................................................................. - 1,238 

Total Current Services Appropriation Required ................................................................................. 128 35,456 

Total Fiscal Year 2025 Appropriation Required.................................................................................... 128 35,456 

 Total Appropriation Increase...................................................................................................... - 1,238 

Financing the Fiscal Year 2025 Request:

Total Appropriation Required, Fiscal Year 2025................................................................................... 128 35,456 

9.11 - 350

Total Estimated Obligations, Fiscal Year 2025.................................................................................... 128 35,806 

FISCAL YEAR 2025

8. Estimated reimbursements from federal accounts and the FJC Foundation...............................................

FEDERAL JUDICIAL CENTER

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

6. Inflationary increases in charges for contracts, services, supplies, and equipment.....................................

SUMMARY OF REQUEST

9.3
Fiscal Year 2023 Fiscal Year 2024 Fiscal Year 2025

Offsetting Offsetting Offsetting

Activity Direct Collections Total Direct Collections Total Direct Collections Total

Education & Training 22,720 242 22,962 23,405 476 23,881 24,252 350 24,602

Research2 7,387 - 7,387 6,843 - 6,843 7,091 - 7,091 

Program Support 4,093 - 4,093 3,970 - 3,970 4,114 - 4,114 

Total Obligations 34,200 242 34,442 34,218 476 34,694 35,456 350 35,806

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year:

Judiciary Information Technology Fund (987) - (987) (987) - (987) (987) - (987)

Deposits and Other Adjustments:

Judiciary Information Technology Fund - - - - - - - - -

Unobligated Balance, End of Year:

Judiciary Information Technology Fund 987 - 987 987 - 987 987 - 987 

Subtotal, Other Obligations 307 - 307 - - - - - -

Direct Obligations 34,507 242 34,749 34,218 476 34,694 35,456 350 35,806

Unobligated Balance, End of Year (annual & multi-year)3 61 - 61 - - - - - -

Mulit-year Funding (307) (307) 

Less Offsetting Collections - (242) (242) - (476) (476) - (350) (350)

Available Appropriation 34,261 - 34,261 34,218 - 34,218 35,456 - 35,456 

3 At year-end closing on September 30, 2023, the Center had a uncommitted FY 2023 balance of $29,294 and $31,454 of FY 2022/2023 funds to support any necessary adjustments for existing obligations.

2 The Center's FY 2023 actual expenses for "Research" personnel cost and activities include the $1,000,000 that Congress provided to contract with the National Academy of Public Administration on the judiciary workplace conduct study, which is well 

underway. However, the $1,000,000 was a one-time FY 2023 funding allocation, and it is not included in the Center's assumed FY 2024 appropriation nor the FY 2025 budget request. 

FEDERAL JUDICIAL CENTER

Salaries and Expenses

Obligations by Activity ($000)

Actuals1 Assumed Request

1

At year-end closing on September 30, 2023, the Center's FY 2023 obligations consisted of FY 2022/2023, FY 2023, and FY 2023/2024 funds for programs and activities executed in FY 2023. Note, the Center also obligated $1,093,287 of FY 2023/2024 

carryforward funds for programs that are executed in FY 2024, which will be reported in the FY 2024 actuals.

9.4
FEDERAL JUDICIAL CENTER

Salaries & Expenses

Obligations by Object Class ($000)

Fiscal Year 2023 Fiscal Year 2024 Fiscal Year 2025

Offsetting Total Offsetting Total Offsetting Total

Direct Collections Oblig. Direct Collections Oblig. Direct Collections Oblig.

1100 Personnel compensation 17,648 63 17,711 19,253 112 19,365 20,227 112 20,339

1200 Personnel benefits 6,381 16 6,397 6,586 28 6,614 6,666 28 6,694

1300 Personnel Payouts 0 - 0 0 - 0 0 - 0

2100 Travel 5,437 74 5,511 5,375 300 5,675 5,493 210 5,703

2200 Transportation of things 65 - 65 66 - 66 67 - 67

2300 Communications, utilities & misc 770 65 835 717 - 717 733 - 733

2400 Printing and reproduction 104 - 104 60 - 60 61 - 61

2500 Other services2 2,158 2 2,160 947 36 983 968 - 968

2600 Supplies and materials 1,207 22 1,229 959 - 959 980 - 980

3100 Equipment 430 - 430 255 - 255 261 - 261

9100 Judiciary Info Tech. Fund - - 0 - - - - - -

Total Obligations 34,200 242 34,442 34,218 476 34,694 35,456 350 35,806

 307 - 307 - - - - - -

34,507 - 34,749 34,218 - 34,694 35,456 - 35,806

1

At year-end closing on September 30, 2023, the Center's FY 2023 obligations consisted of FY 2022/2023, FY 2023, and FY 2023/2024 funds for programs and activities executed in FY 2023. Note, the Center also 

obligated $1,093,287 of FY 2023/2024 carryforward funds for programs that are executed in FY 2024, which will be reported in the FY 2024 actuals.

Assumed Request

Other Obligations (FY 2023/2024)

Description

Actuals1

Direct Obligations

2

The Center's FY 2023 actual expenses for "Ohter services" include the $1,000,000 that Congress provided to contract with the National Academy of Public Administration on the judiciary workplace conduct study, 

which is well underway. However, the $1,000,000 was a one-time FY 2023 funding allocation, and it is not included in the Center's assumed FY 2024 appropriation nor the FY 2025 budget request. 

9.5
FEDERAL JUDICIAL CENTER

Salaries & Expenses

Relation of Obligations to Outlays ($000)

FY 2023 FY 2024 FY 2025 Difference

Actual Assumed Request (+) or (-)

Total Obligations 34,749 34,694 35,806 1,112

Obligated balance, start of year 4,909 7,941 7,928 (13)

Adjustment of prior year activity 0 0 0 0

Obligated balance, end of year (7,941) (7,928) (8,183) (254)

Total Outlays 31,717 34,707 35,552 845

Less Offsets (242) (476) (350) 126

Net Outlays 31,475 34,231 35,202 971

9.6
FEDERAL JUDICIAL CENTER

Salaries and Expenses

 Full Time Equivalents by Activity

Activity Direct

Offsetting 

Collecs. Total Direct

Offsetting 

Collecs. Total Direct

Offsetting 

Collecs. Total

Education & Training 85 0 85 90 0 90 90 0 90

Research 28 0 28 27 0 27 27 0 27

Program Support 10 0 10 11 0 11 11 0 11

Total, Full Time Equivalents 123 0 123 128 0 128 128 0 128

Fiscal Year 2023 Fiscal Year 2024 Fiscal Year 2025

9.7
GENERAL STATEMENT AND INFORMATION

This appropriation request is for the salaries and operating expenses of the Federal Judicial Center (the Center), which was established 

by P.L. 90-219 (81 Stat. 664) on December 20, 1967. This statute directs the Center “to further the development and adoption of 

improved judicial administration” in the federal courts.

The fiscal year (FY) 2025 request for the Federal Judicial Center totals $35,456,000 to support the operations of the Center. 

Functional Responsibilities of the Center

The Center’s functions are outlined in statute, especially 28 U.S.C.§§ 620(b) and 623(a). Pursuant to those mandates, it teaches judges 

and other Judicial Branch personnel about legal developments and efficient litigation management and court administration. 

Examples include various educational programs that: teach judges and court legal staff about new laws and emerging issues; help 

judges and court executives promote efficiency in the just resolution of cases and in court administration; and educate court staff on 

effective court operations. Center programs for judges, executives, and all court staff also address ethics, cybersecurity, and 

workplace conduct. The Center uses a combination of virtual programs (e-learning, web conferences, videos, and more) and in-person 

travel-based programs that provide opportunities to meet with colleagues from across the country. 

The Center also conducts empirical research into court operations and activities. The Center is an independent agency and does not 

make policy recommendations. Most Center research is performed at the request of the Judicial Conference of the United States to 

provide objective and rigorous research to inform policy decisions of the Conference. Center research also contributes to improved 

judicial administration by assessing the efficacy of case and court management procedures. For example, it continues to assess case 

management tools for complex litigation. The Center’s statute also assigns it other duties regarding state-federal judicial relations, 

assistance to foreign judiciaries, and federal judicial history, which it also performs. Program planning is coordinated among the 

Center, the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (AO), and the U.S. Sentencing Commission to maximize efficiency in meeting 

their distinct responsibilities. 

Duties of the Board

A Board of nine supervises the Center. The Chief Justice of the United States is the Board Chairman. The Board includes two judges 

of the U.S. Courts of Appeals, three judges of the U.S. District Courts, one bankruptcy judge, and one magistrate judge; each elected 

9.8
by the Judicial Conference of the United States for a four-year term. The Director of the AO is an ex-officio Board member. By 

statute, the Board is responsible for developing overall policy to guide the Center’s operations and approving the Center’s 

appropriations requests. The Board appoints a Director and a Deputy Director, who are responsible for supervising the Center’s staff 

and carrying out the Center's programs. The Center coordinates as necessary with the Judicial Conference’s Budget Committee and 

the AO in developing the Center’s appropriation requests. 

FISCAL YEAR 2024 APPROPRIATIONS 

The judiciary built the FY 2025 budget request for the Federal Judicial Center on the assumed FY 2024 appropriation of $34,218,000, 

which is based on the midpoint between the House and Senate marks. This amount of funds will result in some reduced programming 

in FY 2024, as the assumed funding level presents a shortfall of $864,000 from the judiciary’s FY 2024 conference appeal level. For 

bill language, the judiciary used the language from H.R. 4664 and S. 2309 - Financial Services and General Government 

Appropriations Bills, 2024, as the closet approximation of the eventual enacted FY 2024 appropriation language, updated with the 

assumed level as described above. 

9.9
JUSTIFICATION OF CHANGES

The Federal Judicial Center’s FY 2025 appropriation request is 

$35,456,000 an increase of $1,238,000 (3.6 percent) over the 

FY 2024 appropriation of $34,218,000. The total requested 

increase is for adjustments to base to maintain current services. 

The request will support the Center’s planned in-person and 

virtual programs for judges, court unit executives, managers, 

supervisors, and other court staff. Furthermore, it enables the

Center to develop and update educational resources, 

publications, and programs in relations to research, federal 

judicial history, and international judicial relations. 

ADJUSTMENTS TO BASE TO MAINTAIN CURRENT 

SERVICES

A. PERSONNEL

Pay and Benefit Adjustments

1. Proposed 2025 pay adjustment

Requested Increase: $419,000

The judiciary is assuming federal pay rates will increase by 2.0 

percent in January 2025. The requested increase provides for 

the cost of nine months of the anticipated pay raise in FY 2025, 

from January 2025 to September 2025. (If the pay adjustment 

included in the President’s FY 2025 budget request is different 

from this 2.0 percent, the judiciary will revise this line item in 

its FY 2025 budget re-estimate.)

2. Annualization of 2024 pay adjustment

Requested Increase: $343,000

The requested increase provides for the annualized costs of a 

2024 pay adjustment for Employment Cost Index (ECI) and 

locality pay. As a result of an ECI and locality adjustment, 

federal pay rates increased by an average of 5.2 percent, 

effective as of January 2024. The requested increase provides 

for the cost of three months (from October 2024 to December 

2024) of the 2024 pay increase in FY 2025. 

3. Promotions and within-grade increases

Requested Increase: $212,000 

The requested increase provides for promotions and withingrade increases for personnel. The salary plan for judicial 

support personnel provides for periodic within-grade increases 

for staff who receive at least as satisfactory performance rating.

4. Benefits increases

a. Health benefits

Requested Increase: $57,000 

Based on information from the Office of Personnel 

Management, health benefit premium contributions are 

projected to increase by an average of 5.0 percent in January

2024 and January 2025. The requested increase annualizes 

the 2024 premium increase and includes a nine-month 

provision for the increase anticipated for FY 2025. 

9.10
b. FICA adjustment

Requested Increase: $23,000 

Based on information from the Social Security Administration, 

employer contributions to the Old Age, Survivor, and 

Disability Insurance (OASDI) portion of the FICA tax will 

increase in 2024. The salary cap for OASDI increased from 

$160,200 to $168,600 in January 2024. The requested amount 

is needed to pay the Center’s contribution in FY 2025. 

B. OTHER ADJUSTMENTS

General Inflationary Adjustments

5. Inflationary increases in charges for contracts, services,

supplies, and equipment

Requested Increase: $184,000 

Consistent with guidance from the Office of Management and 

Budget, this requested increase is required to fund inflationary 

adjustments of 2.2 percent for operating expenses such as 

travel, communications, printing, contractual services, supplies 

and materials, and furniture and equipment. 

FINANCING THE FISCAL YEAR 2025 REQUEST

OFFSETTING COLLECTIONS 

6. Estimated reimbursements from federal accounts and

the FJC Foundation

Estimated Reimbursement: $350,000 FTE: 0 

The Center enters into reimbursable agreements to provide 

additional services to, or to allow economizing by, the 

Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (AO), the courts, and 

non-judicial federal entities. For example, on occasion, the AO 

will add on to scheduled Center programs additional training 

days for judges and thereby avoid incurring duplicative 

transportation costs for such efforts. In addition, pursuant to 

28 U.S.C.§ 629, the Center receives support from occasional 

donations to the Federal Judicial Center Foundation, which the 

Center uses to conduct additional educational programs for 

judges. The Center estimates that $350,000 will be reimbursed 

to it in FY 2025. 

9.11