11.1

JUDICIARY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FUND

GENERAL STATEMENT AND INFORMATION

The Judiciary Information Technology Fund (JITF) was established by Congress in fiscal year (FY) 1990 (28 U.S.C. § 612) to assist 

the judiciary in implementing its information technology (IT) initiatives. The authority of the JITF was extended indefinitely in the 

FY 1998 Commerce, Justice, State, Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act (P.L. 105-119). The JITF was authorized 

“without fiscal year limitation” for the procurement of information technology resources. The fund makes it possible to manage the 

IT program over a multi-year planning cycle, which allows more effective and efficient planning, budgeting, and use of funds for IT 

activities.

In keeping with the judiciary’s mission and primary business objectives, the IT program must identify, implement, and maintain costeffective solutions for the judiciary, bar, and the public. All IT expenses for the appellate, district, and bankruptcy courts and for 

probation and pretrial services offices must be paid from the JITF. 

Requirements are financed via the JITF from a variety of sources:

• deposits from the courts’ Salaries and Expenses (S&E) account;

• fee collections from the Electronic Public Access program for IT expenses specifically related to improving public access to 

information (see Appendix 2, Electronic Public Access for more information on this program);

• unobligated balances in the fund from prior year financial plan savings (unencumbered);

• proceeds from the sale of excess IT equipment;

• annual allotments to the courts originally for non-IT purposes that are reprogrammed locally by the courts for IT initiatives, in 

accordance with the judiciary’s budget decentralization program; and

• deposits from other judiciary appropriations that are non-mandatory judiciary users of the fund (such as the Court of Appeals for 

the Federal Circuit (CAFC), the Court of International Trade (CIT), the U.S. Sentencing Commission (USSC), Court Security, the 

Federal Judicial Center (FJC), and the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (AO)).
11.2

The majority of financing in the JITF originates from deposits from the S&E account. Table 11.1 on the following pages displays

JITF requirements and funding sources for FY 2022 through the FY 2024 request. Tables 11.2 and 11.3 provide additional data about 

obligations and outlays.
11.3

Table 11.1 Judiciary Information Technology Fund Obligations and Financing ($000) 

Obligations/Financing

FY 2022 

Actual

 FY 2023 

Assumed

Obligations

FY 2024 

Request

Obligations:

Salaries & Expenses Requirements (with carryforward) 574,593 723,382 790,836

EPA Program 152,246 232,262 208,028

Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts 1,696 4,465 0

Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 2,627 1,000 1,467

Court of International Trade 715 1,171 200

Court Security 186 0 0

Federal Judicial Center 257 0 0

U.S. Sentencing Commission 0 1,669 0

TOTAL JITF 732,320 963,949 1,000,531

Financing:

Salaries and Expenses

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year 65,617 91,090 20,000

New Deposits and Prior Year Recoveries 600,066 652,292 770,836

Unobligated Balance, End of Year -91,090 -20,000 0

Total Salaries & Expenses 574,593 723,382 790,836

EPA Program

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year 152,482 151,311 63,549

Estimated Receipts and Prior Year Recoveries 151,075 144,500 144,500

Unobligated Balance, End of Year -151,311 -63,549 -21

Total EPA Program 152,246 232,262 208,028

Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year 2,002 4,465 0

New Deposits and Prior Year Recoveries 4,159 0 0

Unobligated Balance, End of Year -4,465 0 0

Total Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts 1,696 4,465 0
11.4

Obligations/Financing

FY 2022 

Actual

 FY 2023 

Assumed

Obligations

FY 2024 

Request

Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year 4,342 2,444 1,467

New Deposits and Prior Year Recoveries 729 23 0

Unobligated Balance, End of Year -2,444 -1,467 0

Total Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (non-EPA) 2,627 1,000 1,467

Court of International Trade

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year 1,082 1,371 200

New Deposits and Prior Year Recoveries 1004 0 0

Unobligated Balance, End of Year -1,371 -200 0

Total Court of International Trade (non-EPA) 715 1,171 200

Court Security

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year 101 0 0

New Deposits and Prior Year Recoveries 85 0 0

Unobligated Balance, End of Year 0 0 0

Total Court Security 186 0 0

Federal Judicial Center

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year 974 987 987

New Deposits and Prior Year Recoveries 270 0 0

Unobligated Balance, End of Year -987 -987 -987

Total Federal Judicial Center 257 0 0

U.S. Sentencing Commission

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year 1,669 1,669 0

New Deposits and Prior Year Recoveries 0 0 0

Unobligated Balance, End of Year -1,669 0 0

Total U.S. Sentencing Commission 0 1,669 0

GRAND TOTAL JITF $732,320 $963,949 $1,000,531
11.5

Table 11.2 Judiciary Information Technology Fund

Obligations by Budget Object Class ($000)

Budget Object Class FY 2022 FY 2023 FY 2024

1100 Personnel compensation 579 521 603

1200 Personnel benefits 3,139 3,894 4,293

2100 Travel 2,599 5,346 6,543

2200 Transportation of things 1 1 1

2300 Communications, utilities & miscellaneous 78,039 116,733 103,633

2400 Printing and reproduction 4,952 5,167 6,351

2500 Other services 419,116 588,520 601,836

2600 Supplies and materials 7,348 9,667 11,435

3100 Equipment 216,546 234,100 265,836

732,320 963,949 1,000,531

Obligations by Budget Object Class

$(000)

Total Obligations
11.6

Table 11.3 Judiciary Information Technology Fund

Relation of Obligations to Outlays ($000)

FY 2023

FY 2022 Assumed FY 2024

Actual Obligations Request

Direct obligations incurred 732,320 963,949 1,000,531

Obligated balance, start of year 348,136 455,092 786,345

Adjustments of prior year activity (16,523) 0 0

Obligated balance, end of year (455,092) (786,345) (1,019,587)

Total Outlays 608,841 632,696 767,289

Less Offsets (302) 0 0

Net Outlays 608,539 632,696 767,289
11.7

PROGRAMS FUNDED FROM THE SALARIES AND EXPENSES ACCOUNT

Under the guidance of the Judicial Conference of the United States and according to the strategic direction and objectives contained in 

the Long-Range Plan for Information Technology in the Federal Judiciary, the judiciary continues to implement IT systems to meet 

the mission of the courts. The judiciary, like the rest of the public sector, depends on technology for communication systems, 

research, and information management systems to fulfill mission-critical needs. 

The judiciary has a successful enterprise-wide IT program upon which judges, court staff, probation/pretrial services officers, and 

others depend to conduct their mission-critical functions. This program includes a vital data communications infrastructure that 

connects all court units securely and is the lifeline for information transfer, applications that ensure the judiciary manages its resources 

effectively, and various court support projects and case management systems that provide judges and staff the tools they need to 

perform their day-to-day work. 

Judges and chambers staff rely on IT equipment, software, and complex data communication networks through which they access 

electronic case management systems, email, legal research databases, and numerous websites and applications. Many courtrooms are 

equipped with technologies that improve the quality and efficiency of courtroom proceedings through reduced trial time and improved 

fact-finding. A number of IT tools help judges do their work more efficiently in areas ranging from text-search capability across 

pleadings, opinions, and court records to the timely receipt of critical information through seamless transmission of data from one 

court type to another. 

The judiciary continues to develop critical improvements to court support systems, including the financial management system, 

probation and pretrial services case management system, and court case management systems, as well as support essential 

cybersecurity programs. 

Cybersecurity and IT Modernization Efforts

The combination of sharp increases in cyberattacks on judiciary IT systems and aging legacy applications critical to court operations 

has created IT vulnerabilities that require additional resources. Not addressing these IT vulnerabilities will impact the judiciary’s 

ability to provide core IT services and cyber protections for the courts, or to undertake much needed modernization projects.
11.8

The judiciary has developed a multi-year Cybersecurity and IT Modernization Strategy (Strategy) to address the actions and initiatives 

necessary to respond to aging critical hardware, applications with outdated and potentially insecure software, and overburdened staff. 

The Strategy provides a framework to support changes needed in judiciary IT governance, the establishment of enterprise standards, 

improvements to enterprise visibility, and modernization of the security of systems and solutions across the judiciary. The Strategy

also positions the judiciary to be ready for technological advances. The activities outlined in the Strategy build upon efforts such as:

• Increasing IT standardization throughout the branch to improve the security of IT networks and systems by ensuring local 

court IT systems and solutions are compatible with national applications and security requirements;

• Modernizing judiciary applications to upgrade or replace aging legacy applications with current and secure solutions that 

support the mission and administrative needs of the judiciary;

• Enhancing and expanding data communications network (DCN) segmentation to restrict access to specific network segments 

based on the health/location of the device connecting to the DCN and prevent movement across segmented network zones; and 

• Modernizing the Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW) by moving from its current platform, which is built on outdated 

technology, onto a new cloud-based platform with enhanced data management services. 

In July 2021, the judiciary transmitted to Congress an infrastructure request totaling $1.54 billion for consideration as part of an 

ongoing infrastructure reconciliation process. The request included $515.0 million for cybersecurity and IT modernization, including 

funding to support cybersecurity improvements to respond to increasing threats and attacks against judiciary IT systems; a range of IT 

initiatives related to application modernization, network management modernization, and data security modernization; and funding to 

relocate one of the judiciary’s data centers to another location due to a forced move. The request assumed the IT funds would be 

obligated over multiple fiscal years. No iteration of any reconciliation package considered or adopted by Congress included any 

portion of the judiciary’s request.

At the request of the Appropriations Committees, the judiciary has begun integrating these unmet requirements into its annual budget 

request. The judiciary’s updated multi-year cybersecurity and IT modernization plan totals $440.5 million covering FYs 2022-2027

(courts’ Salaries and Expenses $412.4 million and Defender Services $28.1 million). Of the $412.4 million for courts’ Salaries and 
11.9

Expenses, $127.2 million has been funded to date, including $21.1 million in FY 2022 and $106.1 million in FY 2023.1

 The FY 2024 

JITF budget request includes $156.7 million to fulfill requirements from the plan for courts’ Salaries and Expenses, as discussed 

below, for cybersecurity, IT modernization, and the move of one of the judiciary’s data centers.

Cybersecurity

The judiciary has been employing significant upgrades and expansions to its cybersecurity operations and is continually strengthening 

its cybersecurity posture. Sustaining these efforts and implementing additional security-related initiatives continues to require 

significant resources. Like other commercial and government entities, the judiciary is targeted repeatedly by attempted cyberattacks 

against its information systems, judges, and other personnel. For the past three years, these incidents have increased, and the level of 

sophistication associated with these incidents has also risen. Judiciary cyber-defenses blocked approximately 600 million harmful 

events from reaching court local area networks in 2022. Based on historical trends and the cyber landscape, cyberattacks will continue 

to intensify as hackers become increasingly proficient.

Cybersecurity activities and the employment of security-related assets are integral to the many IT systems, networks, and operations of 

the judiciary. The Judicial Conference requires all judiciary organizations to conduct annual security awareness training and maintain 

the security health of their local area networks. At the local court level, court units receive enterprise-license security software for 

endpoint protection, web-based threat protection, and vulnerability scanning. 

For FY 2024, the judiciary requests $118.5 million in appropriated S&E funding for cybersecurity (including $49.2 million of relevant 

activities from the Cybersecurity and IT Modernization multi-year plan), which is a net decrease of $1.4 million below the FY 2023 

financial plan level of $119.8 million. This number represents the subset of judiciary IT activities that meets a specified definition of 

cybersecurity, but additional investments outside of these specific activities also help to improve the branch’s cybersecurity posture. 

For example, the replacement of an outdated IT system with a more modern alternative may be done for operational reasons, but the 

new system may also offer better cybersecurity protections than the old version. In addition, further S&E cybersecurity activities may 

be funded with non-appropriated resources (primarily Electronic Public Access fee collections) not included in the $118.5 million 

1 The FY 2024 JITF request includes a new program component, the Cybersecurity and IT Modernization Plan, that was created in FY 2023 to 

track requirements that originated in the Plan separately from other ongoing cybersecurity and modernization activities.
11.10

request. As a result, the cybersecurity funding numbers presented here should not be read as a comprehensive total of every 

investment that contributes to judiciary cybersecurity but rather as the total of investments targeted solely at cybersecurity and funded 

with appropriated S&E dollars. 

The judiciary’s cybersecurity efforts include:

• reinvigorating judiciary workforce training programs;

• standardizing a set of security tools;

• planning for the integration of next generation security architectures, such as zero trust architecture;

• monitoring devices 24 hours a day, seven days a week;

• promoting best practices and raising awareness of available patches and emerging threats;

• piloting multi-factor authentication for deployment across the judiciary; 

• scanning programs and applications for vulnerabilities; and 

• performing periodic assessments by independent third parties.

Also, the FY 2024 request includes 17 additional positions to support the judiciary’s cybersecurity efforts. These positions will 

support court unit IT security assessment services, Information Security Officer (ISO) services, “Red Teams” (dedicated resources that 

identify and assess vulnerabilities), advanced cybersecurity training, and additional cybersecurity improvements.

Cybersecurity costs are separately presented in table 11.4, shown below, to provide information detailing the judiciary’s financial 

commitment to cybersecurity. (Additional cybersecurity funds are included, but not displayed separately, in the budget accounts for 

the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, the Court of International Trade, the United States Sentencing Commission, the Federal 

Judicial Center, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Defender Services, and Court Security as well as in the

Electronic Public Access Appendix). Within the courts’ S&E account, cybersecurity accounts for nearly 16 percent of the total FY 

2024 JITF requirements. Cybersecurity resources are interspersed throughout the various IT program components and are a subset of 

the total requirements included in the program components shown in table 11.5 on page 11.16.
11.11

 

Table 11.4 Salaries and Expenses JITF Cybersecurity Requirements ($000)

IT Program Component ($000) FY 2023 Planned FY 2024 Request 

Increase/(Decrease) 

From FY 2023 

Judicial Statistics & Reporting Systems 184 539 355

Administrative & Management Systems 640 739 99

Telecommunications Program 37,579 34,583 -2,996

Infrastructure & Collaboration Tools 45,317 27,218 -18,099

Court Administration & Case 

Management 2,818 4,568 1,750

Cybersecurity & IT Modernization Plan 33,294 49,199 15,905

Court Support Reimbursable Program 0 1,615 1,615

TOTAL, S&E JITF Cybersecurity 119,832 118,461 -1,371

The FY 2024 S&E JITF cybersecurity request includes adjustments as follows:

• A $0.4 million increase in Judicial Statistics and Reporting Systems program component for data security automation, 

analytics, management, and governance;

• A $0.1 million inflationary increase in Administrative and Management Systems component;

• A $3.0 million net decrease in the Telecommunications program associated with non-recurring cybersecurity costs expected to 

be obligated in FY 2023;

• A net decrease of $18.1 million in the Infrastructure and Collaboration Tools program component is associated with nonrecurring cybersecurity expected to be obligated in FY 2023;

• An increase of $1.8 million in Court Administration and Case Management to support operations and maintenance 

cybersecurity support of the new probation and pretrial case tracking system; 
11.12

• A $15.9 million increase in Cybersecurity & IT Modernization Plan for the continuation of the implementation of endpoint 

protection services ($9.3 million), insider threat program ($2.8 million), security data analytics ($2.6 million), DevSecOps 

($1.2 million); and

• Within the Court Support Reimbursable Program, a $1.6 million increase for 17 positions to support cybersecurity 

improvements. 

Additionally, in FY 2024, the judiciary plans to use $38.1 million of Electronic Public Access fee collections (compared to $39.1

million in FY 2023) for cybersecurity activities associated with security assets and operations to protect the Case 

Management/Electronic Case Files system and the Public Access to Court Electronic Records network, resulting in a total FY 2024

court cybersecurity program of approximately $156.6 million.

PACTS 360

The Probation and Pretrial Services Automated Case Tracking System (PACTS) is the case management system used by 

approximately 8,000 probation and pretrial services officers and staff to conduct and manage investigations, risk assessments, and 

supervisions of defendants and persons under supervision. In recent years, the information technology applications supporting the 

probation and pretrial services (PPS) system have had significant problems with reliability and performance. Currently there are more 

than 30 applications that work together with PACTS to enable probation and pretrial services offices to perform their official 

duties. These applications, along with PACTS, have experienced recurring outages, slowdowns, and increasing costs to maintain the 

outdated systems. 

The judiciary has undertaken a two-phased approach to address problems with the reliability and performance of PACTS and the 

ancillary applications. The first step, which is ongoing though not a long-term solution, is to maintain and stabilize these 

applications. The second step is to develop a replacement system, referred to as PACTS 360.

For the replacement system, the judiciary developed and has begun a multi-year strategy to implement a Software-as-a-Service 

solution to replace the existing PACTS system. Beginning in 2020, the judiciary issued a series of contract service orders to develop 

the various components of PACTS 360. These components include the architecture, infrastructure, cybersecurity, data migration 

preparation, required business capabilities, implementation preparation, and training materials. The FY 2023 financial plan includes 

$35.5 million to expedite the development of the capabilities required to begin pilot implementation and an additional $1.6 million to 
11.13

begin the development of an enterprise data warehouse (EDW) in the PACTS 360 cloud environment to support workload reporting. 

The technical team is in the process of evaluating data management tools to determine if there are industry-best tools that can be 

leveraged to ensure efficiencies and quality with the data migration processes that will be used prior to, and during, the 

implementation phases. Thus, there may be some additional costs that are currently not known. The FY 2024 request includes $29.5

million for continued development of the required business capabilities to retire the legacy PACTS system. These resources will 

complete development of the required capabilities to pilot, conduct an initial data migration load and support incremental data 

migration loads, implementation and training, and the rollout of PACTS 360 to all 94 districts.

If additional funding is not secured, the implementation will be delayed, and the overall costs, including maintaining the legacy 

applications, will increase. Without a reliable system, probation and pretrial services staff will not have immediate access to the 

critical data they need to provide required pretrial bail reports, presentence reports, and prerelease reports. Additionally, unreliable 

legacy systems compromise pretrial and probation staff abilities to supervise defendants and persons under supervision adequately. 

This could lead to an increased risk to public safety, cause delays in providing services to judges and other agencies, and jeopardize 

officer safety.

Judiciary Integrated Financial Management System (JIFMS) upgrade

The judiciary needs a technical upgrade to the Judiciary Integrated Financial Management System (JIFMS), the judiciary’s official 

budget, accounting, and procurement system. The current version of JIFMS (Momentum 7.02) is over eight years and ten releases

behind the current release of the commercial off-the-shelf Momentum product. This large gap in updates renders JIFMS 

technologically obsolete, which causes performance degradations and poses significant support and security risks.

The upgrade of JIFMS from version 7.02 (released in September 2010) to version 7.9 is critical to address numerous audit/security 

concerns, technical obsolescence of third-party support tools, performance concerns, and government compliance functionality. The 

age of the system and the supporting third party tools inhibit compliance with judiciary security standards. exposing the judiciary to 

potential cyber risks.
11.14

There are currently several audit and IT security findings which will be remediated with the upgrade of the system, improving both 

operational and technical efficiencies while strengthening the judiciary’s cyber security posture. With this upgrade the judiciary will 

be in compliance with the government wide G-Invoicing (a web-based application for federal agencies to buy/sell from

each other) mandate to support agency to agency Intergovernmental Payment and Collections (IPAC) and a consolidated financial 

statement. A major upgrade is a foundational step to incorporate future incremental upgrades at a more manageable and predictable 

cost as part of the operations and maintenance cycle. 

The judiciary’s FY 2024 budget request includes $16.0 million to fund an upgrade to JIFMS. The judiciary believes fully funding the 

upgrade is critical to a successful implementation as the judiciary has made significant strides through the consolidation of 95 separate 

financial databases into a single instance. A significant upgrade such as this cannot be achieved with partial funding or in an a-la-carte 

manner due to its complexity and targeted implementation window. Delayed funding could create further security vulnerabilities and 

will further delay the project to consolidate financial information into one statement. 

Data Center Move

The judiciary has two internet data centers, located in Ashburn, Virginia, and in San Diego, California. The data centers are

geographically dispersed to serve the eastern and western halves of the country. In 2018, AT&T, the owner of the judiciary data 

center in San Diego, California, sold the facility and notified the judiciary that it must move out by July 2024. In June 2022, the 

judiciary was notified that the move out date was changed to December 2023. This has caused the judiciary to begin planning the 

move under a much tighter timeline. The judiciary has chosen to migrate the San Diego data center to a new location in El Segundo, 

California, which is relatively close to the current data center and will allow a move that minimizes disruption to the courts. 

The judiciary requires substantial resources to complete the data center move, including funding for additional hardware to stand up a 

new data center and contractual labor to support the move. The FY 2022 courts’ Salaries and Expenses financial plan included $17.9 

million for labor support, hardware, and circuits, the FY 2023 financial plan includes $12.0 million to continue these efforts, and the 

FY 2024 request contains $2.6 million to complete the move.
11.15

Technology Associated with New Courthouse Construction

In FY 2016, Congress provided nearly $1 billion for eleven courthouse construction projects, which included full funding for eight 

new courthouses and partial funding for a ninth new courthouse on the Courthouse Project Priorities (CPP) list, and funding for new 

construction and acquisition of two federal buildings that jointly house courthouses and other federal agencies that were on GSA’s 

long-range plan. In FY 2018, Congress provided $437 million to fully fund the ninth FY 2016 courthouse project and to construct two 

additional courthouses. Though funding for the construction of courthouses is appropriated directly to GSA, the judiciary requires 

funding for IT, security, and other space-related infrastructure requirements to ensure that these new courthouses are fully functional 

and operational as required by the U.S. Courts Design Guide. 

The FY 2024 request includes $5.9 million for the costs of providing local-area networks, communications infrastructure, and 

courtroom technology to new courthouse projects in Huntsville, Alabama, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Toledo, Ohio and Savannah, 

Georgia. The total of $5.9 million in FY 2024 requirements reflects a decrease of $0.2 million from FY 2023 requirements of $6.1

million.

Judiciary Information Technology Fund Program Requirements

The FY 2024 request reflects an essential growth in requirements for the ongoing demands of maintaining intricate data 

communications networks, operating systems, and effective and secure applications. To enable the courts to function most effectively, 

the judiciary has also taken an aggressive approach to maintaining and upgrading critical court support systems that provide financial 

reporting, personnel and payroll management, statistical reporting, and case management. A total of $667.5 million of base IT 

requirements are funded in the enacted FY 2023 appropriations bill. This represents the amount that will be deposited in the JITF 

from the S&E account. The requirements for FY 2024 are $770.8 million. As shown in table 11.5, funding for the S&E JITF 

obligations supports eight program components described in more detail below.
11.16

Table 11.5 Salaries and Expenses Obligations – Judiciary Information Technology Fund Program Requirements

($000)

IT Program Component

FY 2023

Projected 

Obligations 

(Col A)

FY 2022

Slipped

Requirements 

(Col B)

FY 2023

Base

Requirements

(Col A - Col B)

Change:

FY 2023

Adj. Base

Requirements

to FY 2024

Current

Services

Requirements

FY 2024 

Program

Increases

FY 2024

Total

Requirements

Judicial Statistics & Reporting Systems 13,018 699 12,319 -1,648 0 10,671

Administrative & Management Systems 79,237 3,693 75,544 -602 0 74,942

Telecommunications Program 126,731 14,684 112,047 -3,320 0 108,727

Infrastructure and Collaboration Tools 150,842 31,384 119,458 31,404 0 150,862

Court IT Allotments 107,686 920 106,766 20,018 0 126,784

Court Administration & Case Management 41,397 4,540 36,857 -9,043 0 27,814

Cybersecurity & IT Modernization Priorities 106,079 0 106,079 19,736 30,905 156,720

Court Support Reimbursable Program 98,393 0 98,393 10,205 5,717 114,315

TOTAL, S&E JITF 723,382 55,920 667,462 66,752 36,622 770,836

This FY 2024 budget request is based on the enacted FY 2023 appropriations bill and the FY 2023 financial plan. The FY 2023

financial plan assumes $667.5 million will be deposited into the JITF from the S&E account. 
11.17

The following sections present FY 2024 requirements for the 

S&E portion of the JITF. In total, requirements increase from 

a base level of $667.5 million in FY 2023 to $770.8 million in 

FY 2024. The FY 2024 request includes program increases of 

$36.6 million associated with an upgrade to the Judiciary

Integrated Financial Management System (JIFMS) ($16.0 

million), an upgrade to the judiciary's Office 365 licenses ($7.9 

million), implementation of identity and access management

($7.0 million), and 60 additional positions for the IT AO 

reimbursable program ($5.7 million). The following pages 

discuss significant changes between the FY 2023 base 

requirements and the FY 2024 requirements.

Judicial Statistical & Reporting Systems

FY 2024 Requirements: $10,671,000

Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2023: (1,648,000)

This category includes systems to support gathering and 

reporting statistics in the judiciary; data analysis and 

management reporting across judiciary-wide data sources; and 

planning and decision-making with staffing, financial, and 

workload data. 

The base adjustment in this category decreases $1.6 million

due to non-recurring costs related to the management and

reporting capabilities of the enterprise data warehouse.

Administrative & Management Systems

FY 2024 Requirements: $74,942,000

Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2023: ($602,000)

This category includes the judiciary’s financial and personnel 

management systems, as well as systems to support and 

manage space and facilities projects, travel expenses, and 

judiciary web sites. 

Telecommunications Program

FY 2024 Requirements: $108,727,000

Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2023: ($3,320,000)

This program involves support for voice and data transmission

services and telecommunications. The judiciary’s 

communications program enables the judiciary to operate 

communications services for the appellate, district, and 

bankruptcy courts and for probation and pretrial services 

offices, as well as to procure communications equipment for 

new courthouses and courthouses undergoing major repairs and 

alteration. 

The base adjustment decreases $3.3 million due to nonrecurring costs associated with the transition from the Networx 

contract to the Enterprise Infrastructure Services (EIS) 

contract.

Infrastructure & Collaboration Tools
11.18

FY 2024 Requirements: $150,862,000

Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2023: $31,404,000

This category encompasses building and maintaining a robust, 

reliable, and resilient judiciary-wide IT infrastructure. 

Included are the costs of hardware, software, and IT security 

associated with the judiciary’s full enterprise hosting and cloud 

computing services and email and collaboration systems. This 

category also includes the costs of IT infrastructure for new 

courthouse construction projects and operating systems’

support, maintenance, testing, and research.

The base adjustment of $31.4 million in FY 2024 provides 

funding to support a backlog of standard base requirements not 

funded by the FY 2023 enacted appropriations ($13.6 million); 

hosting services upgrades, cyclical replacements, and 

maintenance renewals ($5.4 million); agile project 

management contingency funding ($5.0 million); support 

contract labor price increases ($4.5 million); and inflationary 

adjustments ($2.9 million)

Court IT Allotments

FY 2024 Requirements: $126,784,000

Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2023: $20,018,000

These allotted funds cover costs paid directly by courts for 

operating, maintaining, and replacing computers, printers, 

local-area-network equipment, and software. Also included in 

this category are costs for local telecommunications services, 

equipment, maintenance, and courtroom technology.

The FY 2024 includes funding needed to manage a backlog of 

cyclical replacements of network hardware, software licenses, 

and video conference equipment in these areas in FY 2023. 

The increase in fiscal year 2024 funds infrastructure and 

maintenance expenses ($12.7 million) and courtroom 

technology ($4.7 million) that were reduced in the FY 2023 

financial plan. The increase also includes an inflationary 

adjustment ($2.6 million).

Court Administration & Case Management

FY 2024 Requirements: $27,814,000

Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2023: ($9,043,000)

This category contains a variety of tools, including Probation 

and Pretrial Automated Tracking System (PACTS) 360, to 

access critical case information and law enforcement 

databases; systems for juror qualification, management, and 

payment; tools for jury participants to communicate with the 

courts; as well as the system that captures requests for 

payments to private court-appointed counsel and expert service 

providers.

The base adjustment is associated with a decrease of $9.0

million mostly due to non-recurring PACTS360 development 

costs expected to be obligated in FY 2023.
11.19

Cybersecurity & IT Modernization Plan

FY 2024 Requirements: $156,720,000

Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2023: $19,736,000

Program Increase: $30,905,000

This category encompasses requirements related to the 

judiciary’s multi-year cybersecurity and IT modernization plan. 

These funds will be dedicated to high-priority cybersecurity 

efforts and modernizing aging legacy systems or applications 

that are based on vulnerable programming technologies or 

technologies that are becoming obsolete.

Included in the $156.7 million request are base adjustments of 

$6.2 million for the continuation of IT security operations 

including security engineering, awareness, assessment, testing, 

policy development, and vulnerability remediation support; 

$4.0 million for Microsoft Information Protection and 

Governance Services in support of data security and 

governance for Office 365; $3.2 million to implement software 

defined wide area network technology on the data 

communications network; $2.9 million for the continued 

development and implementation for the unified debt 

management system; $2.0 million for data communication 

network monitoring operations; and $1.4 million to continue 

development of the Online System for Clerkship Application 

and Review (OSCAR), which is an online system for federal 

law clerk and appellate staff attorney hiring. 

The request also includes program increases of $16.0 million to 

fund a major upgrade to the judiciary’s financial management 

system JIFMS, $7.9 million to upgrade the judiciary's Office 

365 licenses, and $7.0 million for Identity and Access 

Management (IdAM) implementation. 

As described on page 11.13, the upgrade of JIFMS from 

version 7.02 (released in September 2010) to version 7.9 is 

critical to address numerous audit and security concerns, 

technical obsolescence of third-party support tools,

performance concerns, and government compliance 

functionality. 

An upgrade of the judiciary’s enterprise-wide Microsoft Office 

365 licenses from level Government 3 (G3) to G5 provides 

additional security features including threat protection, 

advanced message encryption, advanced data governance, and 

additional analytics.

The program increase for IdAM will establish standard Identity 

and Access Management for all national IT systems. Judiciary 

users have multiple logon IDs and passwords to access various 

national systems, making it difficult to track users' movements 

from one system to the next. The judiciary’s current IdAM 

was first implemented in 2007 and is no longer a modern 

system and does not align with industry best practices. It lacks 

critical capabilities and cannot manage a multi-cloud 

environment, drastically hampering efforts to modernize 

infrastructure and applications, increasing security risks, and 
11.20

compromising the judiciary’s ability to effectively operate a 

distributed IT environment (an environment where data and 

software processing is distributed to reduce the impact of any 

particular site or hardware failure). Overhauling the IdAM 

system and implementing a cloud-based system capable of 

supporting a multi-cloud environment will enhance the 

judiciary’s security posture, enhance audit capabilities, provide 

services faster, and provide a better user experience. Recurring 

costs will be included in subsequent budget submissions.

Court Support Reimbursable Program

FY 2024 Requirements: $114,315,000

Adjustments to Base from Fiscal Year 2023: $10,205,000

Program Increase: $5,717,000

This category funds AO staff that provide IT development, 

management, and maintenance services to the courts. These 

services include IT policy and planning guidance; architecture 

and infrastructure support; security services; development, 

testing, and implementation of national IT applications; IT 

training; and other administrative and IT support services on 

behalf of the courts.

The FY 2024 budget request for the court support reimbursable 

program includes $114.3 million for the salaries, benefits, and 

related expenses of AO staff that are reimbursed from the S&E 

account. The net $15.9 million increase is attributable to a net 

$5.0 million for standard pay and benefit increases for existing 

reimbursable positions, $2.3 million increase for non-pay 

inflation, and $2.9 million for annualization costs related to 30

positions to support the increase in requirements for 

cybersecurity improvements (27 positions) and PACTS 360 (3 

positions) funded in FY 2023. The request also includes a 

program increase of $5.7 million for 60 new positions, 58

positions in support of increased IT

infrastructure/modernization requirements and 2 web 

development positions in the AO’s Office of Public Affairs. 

The FY 2024 budget request includes the continuation of 

integrating unmet IT infrastructure/modernization 

requirements. Acquiring additional funding for IT

infrastructure/modernization efforts without also obtaining 

additional positions to provide proper management and 

oversight would result in slow or little progress.

Each year the role of web delivery in AO communications 

strategy has expanded to support the growing need to share 

information efficiently throughout the judiciary. A review of 

the scope and nature of the Web Teams work identified 

functions that should be performed by government employees 

due to sensitivity and risk. To support this work, funds are 

requested for two web producer positions to support the 

expanded scope and reliance on the web. The additional

funding would ensure the Web Team can increase its ability to

handle mission-critical, high-profile, and time-sensitive content 

delivery.
11.21

PROGRAMS FUNDED FROM DEPOSITS FROM 

OTHER JUDICIARY ACCOUNTS

Organizations within the judiciary that are not mandatory users 

of the JITF may deposit funds to assist them in managing their 

IT efforts. In recent years, the following organizations and 

programs have made such deposits.

Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

The Court anticipates obligating $1,467,000 from the JITF in 

FY 2024. This amount includes all required cyclical 

replacement of equipment. Cyclical information technology 

equipment replacements scheduled for FY 2024 include the 

court’s desktop computers, laptops, and tablets.

Obligations will also include equipment and software upgrades 

in support of IT security, the annual renewal of software 

licenses such as Office 365 and the many other software 

packages integral to Court operations, wireless service, and ITrelated training and travel. Finally, IT equipment maintenance 

expenses will be paid using funds from the JITF.

Court of International Trade

At the beginning of FY 2023, $1,371,000 was available in 

carry forward balances from the JITF. The Court is planning to 

obligate $1,171,000 from the JITF in FY 2023 to:

• design and install audio/video technology for use in 

courtrooms and conference rooms;

• re-cable the data closets;

• licensing and maintain the court’s IT hardware and 

software applications; 

• continue to maintain and support digital recording 

systems, data network and voice connections, Virtual 

Private Network System (VPN), Voice Over Internet 

Protocol (VOIP) and the (DCN); and

• procure computer desktop systems, monitors, laptops, 

mobile devices, and printers, according to the 

judiciary’s cyclical replacement program

At the beginning of FY 2024, the Court anticipates that 

$200,000 will be available in carryforward balances in the 

JITF. These funds will be used to continue the Court’s 

information technology initiatives as described above and to 

support its short-term and long-term IT needs.

Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts

At the beginning of FY 2023, the AO had $4,465,000 available 

in the JITF from deposits that were made in previous fiscal 

years. In FY 2023, the AO intends to obligate the entire 

amount to replace AO personal computers, laptops, printers, 

and related equipment pursuant to an approximate four-year 

replacement cycle, as well as copiers, video conferencing

equipment, and software as required. The AO currently does 

not anticipate an end-of-year balance to be carried forward into 

FY 2024.
11.22

Federal Judicial Center

At the beginning of FY 2023, the FJC had $987,000 available 

in carryforward balances from the Judiciary Information 

Technology Fund. The FJC has no plans to utilize JITF Funds 

in FY 2023 or FY 2024.

U.S. Sentencing Commission

At the beginning of FY 2023, the USSC had $1,669,000 

available in the JITF from deposits that were made in previous 

fiscal years. This balance is planned for obligation in FY 2023. 

Court Security

At the end of FY 2022, the JITF account for the Facility 

Access Card (FAC) project was closed out. The FAC project is 

the judiciary’s version of Homeland Security Presidential 

Directive-12 (HSPD-12), which developed standards for a 

secure and reliable form of identification (also known as 

“smart cards”) for federal government employees and 

contractors. The implementation of the FAC project was 

completed in FY 2018 and moved into a sustainment phase in 

FY 2019. No JITF resources are requested for this or any other 

Court Security project in FY 2024.