I 

111TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 5929 

To provide grants to State educational agencies and institutions of higher 

education to strengthen elementary and secondary computer science education, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

JULY 29, 2010 

Mr. POLIS of Colorado introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 

Committee on Education and Labor 

A BILL 

To provide grants to State educational agencies and institutions of higher education to strengthen elementary and 

secondary computer science education, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Computer Science 

5 Education Act of 2010’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 The Congress finds the following: 


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1 (1) Computing technology, driven by break2 throughs in computer science, is an integral part of 

3 the culture of the United States and is reshaping 

4 how people interact. 

5 (2) Computer science is transforming industry, 

6 creating new fields of commerce, driving innovation 

7 in all fields of science, and bolstering productivity in 

8 established economic sectors. 

9 (3) Computer science underpins the information 

10 technology sector of the United States economy, 

11 which is a significant contributor to the economic 

12 output of the United States. 

13 (4) The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects 

14 that from 2008 through 2018 more than 1,500,000 

15 high-wage computing jobs will be created in the 

16 United States economy, making high-wage com17 puting one of the fastest growing occupational fields. 

18 (5) Computer science is critical for national se19 curity and for meeting the challenges that a modern 

20 society faces. Of the 14 Grand Challenges for Engi21 neering determined by the National Academy of En22 gineering, 8 have a predominant or significant com23 puter science component. 

24 (6) Providing students with computer science 

25 education in elementary and secondary school is critVerDate Mar 15 2010 21:52 Jul 30, 2010 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5929.IH H5929

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1 ical for student success in the 21st century and for 

2 strengthening the workforce. 

3 (7) Elementary and secondary computer science 

4 education gives students a deeper knowledge of the 

5 fundamentals of computing, yielding critical thinking 

6 skills that will serve them throughout their lives in 

7 numerous fields. 

8 (8) Computer science courses in elementary and 

9 secondary schools are fading from the national land10 scape at a time when they are most needed. The 

11 Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA) has 

12 found that introductory secondary school computer 

13 science courses have decreased in number by 17 per14 cent since 2005 and the number of Advanced Place15 ment (AP) computer science courses has decreased 

16 by 33 percent. 

17 (9) Significant disparities in access to computer 

18 science education exist for minorities. Research in 

19 the Los Angeles Unified School District, the second 

20 largest and one of the most diverse school districts 

21 in the United States, found college-preparatory com22 puter science courses were commonly missing in 

23 schools with high numbers of Latino and African24 American students. 


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1 (10) According to the National Center for 

2 Women and Information Technology, women and 

3 certain racial minorities are underrepresented in 

4 computer science education. In 2008, 17 percent of 

5 AP computer science test takers were women, even 

6 though women represented 55 percent of all AP test 

7 takers. In 2008, only 4 percent of AP computer 

8 science test takers were African-Americans, even 

9 though African-Americans represented 7 percent of 

10 all AP test takers. Only 784 African-American stu11 dents nationwide took the AP computer science 

12 exam in 2008. 

13 (11) While some States, including Texas and 

14 Georgia, allow computer science courses to count to15 ward a student’s secondary school core graduation 

16 requirements, most States that have specific course 

17 requirements for graduation count computer science 

18 courses only as electives, chilling student interest in 

19 computer science courses. 

20 (12) The CSTA has found that many States do 

21 not have a certification process for computer science 

22 teachers, and where certification processes do exist, 

23 such processes often have no connection to computer 

24 science content. 


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1 (13) The CSTA has developed model computer 

2 science teacher certification pathways for both new 

3 and experienced teachers. 

4 (14) Computer science education has been en5 cumbered by confusion regarding the related but dis6 tinct concepts of computer science education, tech7 nology education, and the use of technology in edu8 cation. 

9 (15) Computer science education courses have 

10 often been placed within the vocational education 

11 pathways in schools, creating a focus on applied in12 formation technology skills rather than a focus on 

13 developing core computer science knowledge. 

14 (16) The Association for Computing Machinery 

15 and the CSTA have established a clear four-part, 

16 grade-appropriate framework of standards for com17 puter science education to guide State reform ef18 forts. 

19 (17) With the growing importance of computing 

20 in society, the need for students to understand the 

21 fundamentals of computing, and the significant chal22 lenges computer science education faces in elemen23 tary and secondary education, broad support for 

24 computer science education is needed to catalyze re25 form. 


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1 SEC. 3. STATE COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING GRANTS. 

2 (a) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary of Edu3 cation shall award grants to State educational agencies to 

4 develop comprehensive plans to strengthen elementary and 

5 secondary computer science education in accordance with 

6 this section. 

7 (b) OBJECTIVES.—A comprehensive plan developed 

8 under this section shall outline strategies for achieving the 

9 following objectives: 

10 (1) Provide an engaging and rigorous computer 

11 science education intended to ensure students are 

12 prepared for the 21st century. 

13 (2) Assess the State’s needs for computer 

14 science education, particularly for underserved popu15 lations. 

16 (3) Ensure access to computer science courses, 

17 particularly at low-performing schools and for low18 income students and students underrepresented in 

19 computing. 

20 (4) Ensure that students are exposed to grade21 appropriate computer science concepts in kinder22 garten through grade 12 and that computer science 

23 courses at the secondary level are viewed as part of 

24 the core curriculum students need to be college- and 

25 career-ready. 


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1 (5) Ensure that teachers have the appropriate 

2 background, skills, and access to resources to teach 

3 computer science. 

4 (c) CONTENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE PLANS.—A 

5 State educational agency that receives a grant under sub6 section (a) shall develop a comprehensive plan that in7 cludes the following: 

8 (1) An assessment of elementary and secondary 

9 computer science education in such State. 

10 (2) Proposals to improve elementary and sec11 ondary computer science education in such State 

12 through the development and implementation of— 

13 (A) challenging and grade-appropriate aca14 demic content standards for computer science 

15 at elementary and secondary education levels; 

16 (B) grade-appropriate assessments of com17 puter science learning; 

18 (C) programs to increase access to com19 puter science courses for students at low-per20 forming schools and students underrepresented 

21 in computing; 

22 (D) improved computer science teacher 

23 certification requirements and processes; 

24 (E) professional development programs for 

25 computer science teachers; and 


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1 (F) programs for ensuring that computer 

2 science courses at the secondary level are con3 sidered an integral part of the curriculum stu4 dents need to be well prepared for higher edu5 cation and employment. 

6 (d) CONSULTATION.—In developing a comprehensive 

7 plan under this section, a State educational agency shall 

8 collaborate with representatives of institutions of higher 

9 education, with other interested parties, and, where they 

10 exist in such State, with State P–16 or P–20 councils. 

11 (e) DURATION OF GRANTS.—The Secretary shall 

12 award each grant under subsection (a) for a period of two 

13 years. 

14 (f) FUNDING STRUCTURE.— 

15 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall award 

16 grants under subsection (a) proportionally among 

17 the State educational agencies that apply for grant 

18 funding under this section based on the number of 

19 low-income children served by the State educational 

20 agency compared to the total number of low-income 

21 children served by all of the State educational agen22 cies that apply for grant funding under this section. 

23 (2) COUNTING LOW-INCOME CHILDREN.— 

24 (A) CATEGORIES OF CHILDREN.—The 

25 number of low-income children to be counted 


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1 for purposes of this section is the aggregate 

2 of— 

3 (i) the number of children aged 5 to 

4 17, inclusive, in the State from families 

5 below the poverty level, as determined by 

6 the Secretary on the basis of the most re7 cent satisfactory data; 

8 (ii) the number of children (deter9 mined for either the preceding year or for 

10 the second preceding year, as the Secretary 

11 finds appropriate) aged 5 to 17, inclusive, 

12 in the State in institutions for neglected 

13 and delinquent children (other than such 

14 institutions operated by the United 

15 States); and 

16 (iii) the number of children aged 5 to 

17 17, inclusive, in the State from families 

18 above the poverty level as determined 

19 under paragraph (4) of section 1124(c) of 

20 the Elementary and Secondary Education 

21 Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6333(c)(4)). 

22 (B) METHODOLOGY.—In making computa23 tions under subparagraph (A), the Secretary 

24 shall use the methodology described in para25 graphs (3) through (5) of section 1124(c) of the 


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1 Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 

2 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6333(c)). 

3 (3) MINIMUM GRANT.—Notwithstanding para4 graph (1), each State educational agency approved 

5 by the Secretary to receive a grant under this sec6 tion shall receive a minimum grant of $250,000. 

7 (g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

8 authorized to be appropriated $20,000,000 to carry out 

9 this section. 

10 SEC. 4. IMPLEMENTATION GRANTS. 

11 (a) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary shall 

12 award grants to State educational agencies in accordance 

13 with this section to implement computer science education 

14 improvements proposed in comprehensive plans that meet 

15 the requirements of subsections (b) and (c) of section 3. 

16 (b) BENCHMARKS.—Each State educational agency 

17 applying for a grant under this section shall— 

18 (1) develop quantifiable benchmarks for the ac19 tivities supported under such grant, which may in20 clude benchmarks for increasing— 

21 (A) student knowledge and competency of 

22 grade-appropriate computer science concepts; 

23 (B) the number of students that take com24 puter science courses; 


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1 (C) the diversity of students who take com2 puter science courses; 

3 (D) the number of students who plan to 

4 pursue postsecondary computer science degrees; 

5 (E) the diversity of students who plan to 

6 pursue postsecondary computer science degrees; 

7 and 

8 (F) the number of teachers who are cer9 tified to teach computer science; and 

10 (2) submit such quantifiable benchmarks to the 

11 Secretary for approval. 

12 (c) ACTIVITIES.—Grant funds received under this 

13 section shall be used by each State educational agency for 

14 the development and implementation of— 

15 (1) challenging and grade-appropriate academic 

16 content standards for computer science; 

17 (2) grade-appropriate assessments of computer 

18 science learning; 

19 (3) programs to increase access to computer 

20 science courses for students at low-performing 

21 schools and students underrepresented in computing; 

22 (4) improved computer science teacher certifi23 cation requirements and processes; 

24 (5) professional development programs for com25 puter science teachers; 


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1 (6) programs for ensuring that computer 

2 science courses at the secondary level are considered 

3 an integral part of the curriculum students need to 

4 be well prepared for higher education and employ5 ment; 

6 (7) effective computer science curricula; 

7 (8) computer science distance learning pro8 grams; and 

9 (9) such other activities that strengthen com10 puter science education and that such State edu11 cational agency considers appropriate. 

12 (d) ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES.—A State edu13 cational agency may use not more than five percent of a 

14 grant received under this section for administrative ex15 penses. 

16 (e) PARTNERSHIPS.—In performing the activities re17 quired under subsection (c), each State educational agency 

18 shall partner with institutions of higher education and 

19 local educational agencies, and may partner with nonprofit 

20 organizations, businesses, and other State educational 

21 agencies. 

22 (f) NON-FEDERAL SHARE.— 

23 (1) IN GENERAL.—Each State educational 

24 agency receiving a grant under this section shall 

25 provide a non-Federal share, in cash or in kind, of 


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1 the funding for the activities described in subsection 

2 (c) of not less than 20 percent of the total cost of 

3 such activities in any fiscal year. 

4 (2) FINANCIAL HARDSHIP WAIVER.—The Sec5 retary may reduce or waive the requirement to pro6 vide a non-Federal share under paragraph (1) for a 

7 State educational agency if such State educational 

8 agency demonstrates a need for such waiver or re9 duction due to extreme financial hardship. 

10 (g) DURATION OF GRANTS.—The Secretary shall 

11 award each grant under subsection (a) for a period of five 

12 years. 

13 (h) SUBSEQUENT GRANTS.—At the end of the five14 year period for a grant, the grant recipient may apply for 

15 an additional grant under this section by submitting an 

16 updated comprehensive plan that meets the requirements 

17 of subsections (b) and (c) of section 3. In considering an 

18 application for a subsequent grant under this section, the 

19 Secretary shall take into consideration the reports filed 

20 under subsection (l). 

21 (i) FUNDING STRUCTURE.— 

22 (1) TOTAL APPROPRIATIONS LESS THAN

23 $200,000,000.—If the total amount of funds made 

24 available for grants under this section is less than 

25 $200,000,000 for any fiscal year, the Secretary shall 


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1 award grants for such fiscal year on a competitive 

2 basis among State educational agencies that meet 

3 the requirements for funding under this section and 

4 shall give priority to State educational agency pro5 posals that include an emphasis on serving low-per6 forming schools and on increasing participation in 

7 computer science by students underrepresented in 

8 computing. 

9 (2) TOTAL APPROPRIATIONS OF $200,000,000 

10 OR MORE.—If the total amount of funds made avail11 able for grants under this section is $200,000,000 or 

12 more for any fiscal year, the Secretary shall award 

13 grants for such fiscal year on the same basis as 

14 grants are awarded under paragraphs (1) and (2) of 

15 section 3(e). 

16 (j) FUNDING PRIORITY.—In allocating grant funds 

17 received under this section, a State educational agency 

18 shall give priority to proposals that include an emphasis 

19 on serving low-performing schools and on increasing par20 ticipation in computer science by students underrep21 resented in computing. 

22 (k) SUPPLEMENT, NOT SUPPLANT.—Funds made 

23 available to carry out this section shall be used to supple24 ment, and not supplant, other Federal and State funds 


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1 available to carry out the activities described in this sec2 tion. 

3 (l) REPORTS.—Each State educational agency receiv4 ing a grant under this section shall— 

5 (1) measure the progress of such State edu6 cational agency in achieving the benchmarks devel7 oped under subsection (b)(1); 

8 (2) collect data relating to student-related 

9 benchmarks developed under subsection (b)(1) in a 

10 form that is disaggregated by student race, eth11 nicity, gender, disability status, migrant status, 

12 English proficiency status, and low-income status, 

13 except that such disaggregation shall not be required 

14 when the number of students in a category is insuf15 ficient to yield statistically reliable results or the re16 sults would reveal personally identifiable information 

17 about an individual student; 

18 (3) collect such other performance information 

19 as the Secretary may reasonably require for the na20 tional evaluation conducted under section 7; 

21 (4) submit a report to the Secretary addressing 

22 each item in paragraphs (1) through (3) not later 

23 than four years after the date on which the State 

24 educational agency receives an initial grant under 

25 this section; and 


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1 (5) not later than two years after the date of 

2 the submission of the report required under para3 graph (4), and biennially thereafter until the State 

4 educational agency no longer receives grant funding 

5 under this section, submit to the Secretary an up6 date of such report. 

7 (m) GUIDANCE.—The Secretary shall provide guid8 ance to State educational agencies regarding acceptable 

9 data sources and methodologies for— 

10 (1) establishing performance benchmarks; and 

11 (2) measuring progress by State educational 

12 agencies receiving grants under this section. 

13 SEC. 5. COMMISSION ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION. 

14 (a) COMMISSION.—Not later than 90 days after the 

15 date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall es16 tablish a Commission, to be known as the ‘‘Blue Ribbon 

17 Commission on Computer Science Education’’ (in this sec18 tion referred to as the ‘‘Commission’’), to provide rec19 ommendations for expanding and improving computer 

20 science education. 

21 (b) MEMBERSHIP.—The Commission shall consist of 

22 not more than 20 members and shall include at least one 

23 of each of the following: 

24 (1) A State education official. 

25 (2) An expert in computer science. 


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1 (3) A representative of an elementary or sec2 ondary computer science education practitioner orga3 nization. 

4 (4) An elementary or secondary computer 

5 science teacher. 

6 (5) A social scientist with expertise on equity 

7 issues in the field of computer science. 

8 (6) A representative of the computing industry 

9 or an industry that depends on computing services. 

10 (c) REVIEW.—The Commission shall— 

11 (1) review the state of elementary and sec12 ondary computer science education; and 

13 (2) review the state of computer science teacher 

14 certification requirements. 

15 (d) REPORT.—Not later than 270 days after the date 

16 on which the Commission is established, the Commission 

17 shall submit to Congress and the Secretary a report con18 taining the results of the review under subsection (c). 

19 Such report shall include— 

20 (1) recommendations on best practices for com21 puter science instruction, teacher preparation, and 

22 professional development; 

23 (2) recommendations on best practices for com24 puter science teacher certification, including rec25 ommendations on achieving congruence between 


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1 State computer science teacher certification stand2 ards and the content of teacher preparation pro3 grams offered by institutions of higher education; 

4 and 

5 (3) recommendations for expanding capacity— 

6 (A) to help students understand computer 

7 science, the job opportunities available to those 

8 who pursue computer science education, and 

9 the importance of computer science in the econ10 omy; 

11 (B) to strengthen computer science edu12 cation in the elementary and secondary public 

13 education system in the United States; and 

14 (C) to increase participation in computer 

15 science among students underrepresented in 

16 computing. 

17 (e) TERMINATION.—The Commission shall terminate 

18 on the date that is 30 days after the date of the submis19 sion of the report required under subsection (d). 

20 SEC. 6. MODEL TEACHER PREPARATION PROGRAMS. 

21 (a) MODEL TEACHER PREPARATION PROGRAMS.— 

22 The Secretary may award grants to institutions of higher 

23 education to improve computer science teacher training. 


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1 (b) ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES.—A grant received under 

2 subsection (a) shall be used to carry out at least one of 

3 the following activities: 

4 (1) Development of courses for undergraduate 

5 students that— 

6 (A) prepare such students to teach com7 puter science at the elementary and secondary 

8 level; 

9 (B) address content and pedagogy in com10 puter science education; and 

11 (C) engage teacher education and other 

12 relevant departments at such institution of 

13 higher education. 

14 (2) Development and support of mentoring pro15 grams to support computer science teachers who are 

16 new to the profession. 

17 (c) DURATION OF GRANTS.—Each grant awarded by 

18 the Secretary under this section shall be for a period of 

19 five years. 

20 (d) LIMITATIONS.—The Secretary may not award 

21 grants under this section before the earlier of the date of 

22 the submission of the report of the Blue Ribbon Commis23 sion on Computer Science Education required under sec24 tion 5(d), or the date that is one year after the date of 

25 the enactment of this Act. The Secretary shall consider 


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1 such report, if available, in awarding grants under this 

2 section. 

3 SEC. 7. NATIONAL EVALUATION. 

4 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not earlier than four years after 

5 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 

6 contract with an independent organization for a com7 prehensive, scientifically valid, and quantitative evaluation 

8 of the performance and effectiveness of the activities fund9 ed by grants received under this Act in improving the 

10 availability and quality of computer science education, the 

11 overall participation rate of students in computer science 

12 courses, and the participation rate of students underrep13 resented in computing in computer science courses. 

14 (b) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.— 

15 (1) INITIAL REPORT.—Not later than five years 

16 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec17 retary shall submit to Congress a report on the re18 sults of the evaluation described in subsection (a). 

19 (2) REPORT UPDATES.—Not later than two 

20 years after the date on which the Secretary submits 

21 the report required under paragraph (1), and bienni22 ally thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to Con23 gress an update of such report. 

24 SEC. 8. DEFINITIONS. 

25 In this Act: 


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1 (1) COMPUTER SCIENCE.—The term ‘‘computer 

2 science’’ means the study of computers and algo3 rithmic processes and includes the study of com4 puting principles, computer hardware and software 

5 design, computer applications, and the impact of 

6 computers on society. 

7 (2) COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION.—The 

8 term ‘‘computer science education’’ includes com9 puting education in any of the following: 

10 (A) Software design. 

11 (B) Hardware design. 

12 (C) Creation of digital artifacts. 

13 (D) Abstraction. 

14 (E) Logic. 

15 (F) Algorithm development and implemen16 tation. 

17 (G) Programming paradigms and lan18 guages. 

19 (H) Theoretical foundations. 

20 (I) Networks. 

21 (J) Graphics. 

22 (K) Databases and information retrieval. 

23 (L) Information security and privacy. 

24 (M) Artificial intelligence. 


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1 (N) The relationship between computing 

2 and mathematics. 

3 (O) The limits of computation. 

4 (P) Applications in information technology 

5 and information systems. 

6 (Q) The social impacts of computing. 

7 (3) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The 

8 term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the 

9 meaning given that term in section 101(a) of the 

10 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)). 

11 (4) LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCY.—The term 

12 ‘‘local educational agency’’— 

13 (A) subject to subparagraph (B), has the 

14 meaning given that term in section 9101(26) of 

15 the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 

16 of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801(26)); and 

17 (B) includes any charter school (as defined 

18 in section 5210(1) of the Elementary and Sec19 ondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

20 7221i(1))) that constitutes a local educational 

21 agency under State law. 

22 (5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

23 the Secretary of Education. 

24 (6) STATE EDUCATIONAL AGENCY.—The term 

25 ‘‘State educational agency’’ has the meaning given 


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1 that term in section 9101(41) of the Elementary 

2 and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

3 7801(41)). 

4 (7) STATE P–16 OR P–20 COUNCIL.—The term 

5 ‘‘State P–16 or P–20 council’’ means a body of pub6 lic officials and public and private sector leaders 

7 that— 

8 (A) is established by a State executive 

9 order, statute, or voluntary agreement and may 

10 be regularly chaired or co-chaired by the Gov11 ernor of the State; 

12 (B) sets formal aligned expectations for a 

13 seamless system of education from the earliest 

14 years of a child’s development through the kin15 dergarten through grade 12 system and into 

16 and through postsecondary education; 

17 (C) acts as a venue for collaboration across 

18 early learning, including preschool through the 

19 first 4 years of higher education or through 

20 doctoral and professional schools; and 

21 (D) receives State, foundation, business, or 

22 other funding to carry out the body’s agenda. 

23 (8) STUDENTS UNDERREPRESENTED IN COM24 PUTING.—The term ‘‘students underrepresented in 

25 computing’’— 


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1 (A) means populations historically under2 represented in computer science disciplines; and 

3 (B) includes females, racial minorities, and 

4 low-income students. 

Æ 


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