UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS 

NO. 01-813

WILLIE O. SANDERS, APPELLANT,

V.

ANTHONY J. PRINCIPI,

SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, APPELLEE.

On Appeal from the Board of Veterans' Appeals

(Decided August 20, 2003 )

Mark R. Lippman, of La Jolla, California, was on the brief for the appellant.

Tim S. McClain, General Counsel; R. Randall Campbell, Acting Assistant General Counsel;

Brian B. Rippel, Acting Deputy Assistant General Counsel; and Jimmy R. Moye, all of Washington,

D.C., were on the brief for the appellee.

Before KRAMER, Chief Judge, and IVERS and GREENE, Judges.

GREENE, Judge, filed the opinion of the Court. Kramer, Chief Judge, filed a concurring

opinion.

GREENE, Judge: Veteran Willie O. Sanders appeals, through counsel, an April 9, 2001,

Board of Veterans' Appeals (Board) decision denying his claim for a compensable rating for his

service-connected hepatitis. Record (R.) at 2-3. Mr. Sanders argues that VA has committed error

by rendering a decision denying his claim without providing him amedical examination as promised

by a VA hearing officer during the development and adjudication of that claim. This appeal is

timely, and the Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 38 U.S.C. §§ 7252(a) and 7266(a). For the reasons

that follow, the Court will vacate the Board decision and remand the matter.
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I. FACTS

Mr. Sanders served on active duty in the U.S. Army from September 1944 to November

1946. R. at 29, 30, 43-45. In 1977 he filed a claim for service connection for hepatitis that was

denied by a VA regional office (RO). R. at 32-35. He did not appeal that decision and it became

final. In February 2000, VA reopened the previously and finally disallowed claim and found that

Mr. Sanders had contracted hepatitis in service and awarded him service connection, effective July

28, 1999, the date that he had filed his claim to reopen. R. at 96-98. However, the RO determined

that the existing medical evidence revealed that he did not have any residuals of hepatitis and thus

assigned Mr. Sanders a noncompensable rating. R. at 62-63, 95-99. Mr. Sanders filed a Notice of

Disagreement (NOD) (R. at 100), and the RO issued a Statement of the Case (SOC) in which it

continued the noncompensable rating (R. at 102-13). Mr. Sanders then filed a Substantive Appeal

and requested a hearing before the RO. R. at 115-18.

At a personal hearing held in May 2000, he testified under oath and described symptoms that

he believed were caused by his hepatitis. R. at 157-62. He reported that for the previous eight or

nine months he had been under the medical care of Dr. James Beasley, whom he had last seen

approximately one month before the hearing. R. at 158-59. Dr. Beasley's medical report was given

to the hearing officer. R. at 159. The hearing officer indicated that the medical evidence then of

record did not support a compensable disability rating. R. at 163, 168. She told Mr. Sanders that

VA needed medical evidence in order to grant his claim for an increased rating. R. at 165, 168-69.

Mr. Sanders' representative requested that the hearing officer suspend the matter for 60 days so that

Mr. Sanders could obtain a medical opinion from Dr. Beasleyor a gastroenterologist, and the hearing

officer agreed. R. at 166. 

During that same hearing, Mr. Sanders' son questioned why VA was requiring his father to

produce the medical opinion, and asked: "Why can't . . . VA produce a gastroenterologist? We have

done everything that we've been asked to do?" R. at 169. In response, the hearing officer asked

whether Mr. Sanders' son was requesting that VA schedule Mr. Sanders for a medical examination

by a VA gastroenterologist at the VA medical center. Id. Mr. Sanders' son then stated: "If we went

to one of your doctors as opposed to his doctor, it would speed [the decision process] up," and the

hearing officer responded, "Yes, sir. It would speed it up." R. at 171. She then added: "I'm willing
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to do that . . . . I'm going to go ahead and request the opinion rather than asking you to submit it. So,

yes, that will speed it up." R. at 172. The following dialogue between Mr. Sanders' accredited

representative and the hearing officer ensued: 

[Representative]: Okay. Okay, ma'am. Once the exam is scheduled and you get

the results from the exam, if the evidence comes out in favor

of Mr. Sanders for an increase, you can grant it.

Hearing Officer: Okay. Mr. Sanders, what I'm going to do is, following the

hearing [I will] issue an examination request to the VA

Medical Center here in Jackson requesting that they have a

gastroenterologist review your records and examine you and

give me an opinion as to whether the current gastrointestinal

problems that you're having are related to your hepatitis A

infection in service. If they tell me it's not related, I will ask

–or I will ask when I issue the examination report the

diagnosis of the disability which is causing your symptoms,

if it's not related. Okay? When I get that information back,

if they tell me that the symptoms are related, then I will be

able to grant an increase. A compensable evaluation for your

disability back to the date of the claim.

R. at 175 (emphasis added). 

In June 2000, the RO received Mr. Sanders' November 1999 medical records for his

treatment for his gastrointestinal problems. R. at 187-90. Based on this evidence, the RO, in August

2000, rendered a decision denying Mr. Sanders' claim for a compensable rating and issued a

Supplemental SOC. R. at 198-204. The RO found that the November 1999 medical records did not

reveal that Mr. Sanders had any diagnoses for active hepatitisresiduals, and that, therefore, "another

VA examination [was] not medically indicated in this case." R. at 204. In October 2000, Mr.

Sanders appealed to the Board. R. at 220. In the decision here on appeal, the Board found that Mr.

Sanders' hepatitis A, although contracted in service, was asymptomatic and the Board affirmed the

noncompensable rating awarded by the RO. R. at 2, 6. The Board did not address the hearing

officer's statement regarding VA providing Mr. Sanders with a medical examination. Mr. Sanders

then appealed to this Court.

On appeal, Mr. Sanders does not argue that he is entitled to a compensable rating. Rather,

he argues that VA's representation that it would provide him with a gastrointestinal examination

constitutes an "express stipulation," and that VA should be required to comply with that stipulation.
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Appellant's Brief (Br.) at 3. He contends that VA's failure to provide the examination after

promising to do so violates basic principles of fundamental fairness and is counter to the uniquely

paternalistic nature of the VA claims process. The Secretary responds that the Board's determination

that Mr. Sanders' hepatitis was asymptomatic and thus noncompensable has a plausible basis based

on the record and is therefore not clearly erroneous. As to Mr. Sanders' specific argument, the

Secretary maintains that the hearing officer's representation "did not create . . . any right to additional

development not otherwise warranted by this case." Secretary's Br. at 12. He argues that the

government should not bear anyobligation to obtain an otherwise unwarranted examination "simply

because a government employee incorrectly indicated that such an examination appeared to be in

order, though it was later found not to be warranted." Id. at 12-13. By analogy, the Secretary cites

McTighe v. Brown, 7 Vet.App. 29 (1994), for the proposition that erroneous advice given by a

government employee cannot be used to estop the government from denying benefits. Thus, the

Secretary urges the Court to affirm the Board decision.

II. ANALYSIS

The Board's decision must include a written statement of the reasons or basesfor the findings

and conclusions on all material issues of fact and law presented on the record. See 38 U.S.C.

§ 7104(d)(1). "The Board must identify the findings it deems crucial to its decision and account for

the evidence it finds persuasive or unpersuasive." Davis v. Principi, 17 Vet.App. 54, 57 (2003); see

also Gilbert, supra. "The statement must be adequate to enable a claimant to understand the precise

basis for the Board's decision, as well as to facilitate review in this Court." Kay v. Principi,

16 Vet.App. 529, 532 (2002) (citing Allday v. Brown, 7 Vet.App. 517, 527 (1995)). Where the

Board fails to meet this obligation, the Court is precluded from effectively reviewing the

adjudication, and the Court will generally vacate the Board's decision and remand the matter. See

Davis, supra; Meeks v. Brown, 5 Vet.App. 284, 288 (1993); see also Ardison v. Brown, 6 Vet.App.

405, 407 (1994) (holding that "an inadequate record frustrates judicial review").

The record on appeal (ROA) establishes that at his VA hearing, Mr. Sanders offered to see

a private gastroenterologist in order to obtain an opinion on whether his current medical condition

supported a finding that he was entitled to a compensable rating. R. at 169-76. The ROA also shows
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that the VA hearing officer thereafter suggested that adjudicating Mr. Sanders' claim would be

expedited if VA conducted the examination rather than VA waiting for the results of Mr. Sanders'

own private examination, and it was agreed that the hearing officer would request a VA examination.

See R. at 169-76. While acknowledging that this verbal exchange did occur, the Secretary argues

to the Court that no error occurred because the government should bear no obligation to obtain an

otherwise unwarranted examination simply because a government employee indicated that such an

examination appeared to be in order. Secretary's Br. at 12-13. 

The Court makes no determination on whether VA must provide an examination under the

unique circumstances of this case or whether VA's failure to do so amounted to a fair-process

violation. See Thurber v. Brown, 5 Vet.App. 119, 123 (1993) (identifying concepts of procedural

regularity, notice, and basic fair play as integral to VA claims processing system); see also Nolen v.

Gober, 222 F.3d 1356, 1361 (Fed. Cir. 2000) (discussing general principles of fairness in light of the

fact that the veterans' benefits statutes are strongly and uniquely pro-claimant); Austin v. Brown,

6 Vet.App. 547, 551 (1994). Notwithstanding that question, the commitment of the hearing officer

to schedule a VA examination was significant, and Mr. Sanders claims he relied on that agreement

to his detriment. See R. at 169-76; Appellant's Br. at 9. We thus hold that the Board was obligated,

in light of the veteran-friendly nature of the veterans benefits adjudication system and the reasons-orbases requirement set forth above, to discuss adequately the hearing officer's statements and explain

to the veteran in its decision why VA, despite its duty to assist claimants, would not or need not

provide the promised medical examination. See 38 U.S.C. § 5103A; Jaquay v. Principi, 304 F.3d

1276, 1288 (Fed. Cir. 2002) (en banc) (noting veteran-friendly nature of the veterans' benefits

system); see also Santana-Venegas v. Principi, 314 F.3d 1293, 1298 (Fed. Cir. 2002) (recognizing

"non-adversarial and pro-claimant character" of veterans benefits adjudication). Because the Board's

decision is deficient in this regard, the matter must be remanded. See Davis, supra.

III. CONCLUSION

Upon consideration of the pleadings of the parties and a review of the ROA before this Court,

the April 9, 2001, decision of the Board is VACATED and the matter REMANDED for further

proceedings consistent with this opinion. On remand, Mr. Sanders is free to submit additional
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evidence and argument, including those raised in his brief to this Court, in accordance with

Kutscherousky v. West, 12 Vet.App. 369, 372-73 (1999) (per curiam order). The Board shall proceed

expeditiously, in accordance with section 302 of the Veterans' Benefits Improvements Act of 1994,

Pub. L. No. 103-446, § 302, 108 Stat. 4645, 4658 (found at 38 U.S.C. § 5101 note) (requiring

Secretary to provide for "expeditious treatment" of claims remanded by Board or Court). 

VACATED AND REMANDED.

KRAMER, Chief Judge, concurring: Assuming that, on remand, the Board of Veterans'

Appeals (Board) determines that there is no duty to assist the appellant by providing the medical

examination in question, the Board should nevertheless address with an adequate statement of

reasons or bases the following: whetherthe hearing officer promised the appellant a VA examination

(see Record at 169-72, 175-76); whether the hearing officer was authorized to promise an

examination and, if so, whether that authorization could have been rescinded by another VA

employee; whether the appellant reasonably relied to his detriment on the hearing officer's

statements; and, assuming that he could have reasonably relied on those statements, what is the

significance of any such reliance in the context of this case. See Gilbert v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App.

49, 56-57 (1990).