Fiscal Year 2021 Enacted Appropriation $664,011,000

Fiscal Year 2022 Appropriation Request $682,140,000

 Requested Increase from Fiscal Year 2021 Enacted Appropriation $18,129,000

APPROPRIATION LANGUAGE

COURTS OF APPEALS, DISTRICT COURTS, AND OTHER JUDICIAL SERVICES

COURT SECURITY

(INCLUDING TRANSFERS OF FUNDS)

COURTS OF APPEALS, DISTRICT COURTS, AND OTHER JUDICIAL SERVICES

Court Security

SUMMARY STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT REQUIREMENTS

For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, incident to the provision of protective guard services for United States 

courthouses and other facilities housing Federal court operations, and the procurement, installation, and maintenance of security 

systems and equipment for United States courthouses and other facilities housing Federal court operations, including building

ingress-egress control, inspection of mail and packages, directed security patrols, perimeter security, basic security services provided 

by the Federal Protective Service, and other similar activities as authorized by section 1010 of the Judicial Improvement and Access 

to Justice Act (Public Law 100-702), [$664,011,000]$682,140,000, of which not to exceed $20,000,000 shall remain available until 

expended, to be expended directly or transferred to the United States Marshals Service, which shall be responsible for administering 

the Judicial Facility Security Program consistent with standards or guidelines agreed to by the Director of the Administrative Office 

of the United States Courts and the Attorney General.

(P.L. 116-260 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021) 

7.1
Fiscal Year 2022 Resource Requirements:

Page FTE Amount

77 $690,163

- (16,096)

- (56)

- (10,000)

77 $664,011

A. Adjustments to Base:

1. Pay and benefits adjustments

7.16 - 53 

7.16 - 73 

7.16 - 91 

7.17 - 17 

7.17 - 8 

7.17 - 93 

7.17 - 1,171 

7.17 2 300 

7.17 - 11,953 

7.18 - 26 

7.18 - 288 

7.18

- (5,311) 

- 843 

7.19 - 1,422 

7.22 - (5,000)

2 6,027

Total Current Services Appropriation Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 670,038

3. Annualization of USMS positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 9. Funding adjustment due to an increase in non-appropriated sources of funds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 Subtotal, Adjustments to Base to Maintain Current Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

b. Increase in building-specific security charges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. FY 2022 CSO contract and wage rate adjustments (2.6%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. Inflationary increase in GSA space rental costs (4.0%). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8. Adjustments to base requirements for security systems and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. Changes in Federal Protective Service security charges

SUMMARY OF REQUEST

COURT SECURITY

FISCAL YEAR 2022

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

Fiscal Year 2021 Total Obligations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 Less encumbered carryforward from FY 2020 into FY 2021. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 Less utilization of Judiciary Information Technology Fund (JITF). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 Less unencumbered carryforward and recoveries from prior years into FY 2021. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Fiscal Year 2021 Enacted Appropriation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

a. Decrease in basic security charges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

a. Proposed January 2022 pay adjustment (1.0%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

c. Promotions and within-grade increases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

d. Health Benefits increases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

e. FICA adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

f. FERS adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 b. Annualization of assumed January 2021 pay adjustment (1.0% for three months) . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 5. Inflationary increases in charges for contracts, services, supplies, and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Annualization of court security officer (CSO) positions (31). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.2
FTEs Amount

Page B. Program Increases / Decreases

7.24 10. Physical access control systems replacement strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 4,977

7.24 11. New courthouse construction projects 

 a. Security infrastructure for new courthouse construction projects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - (750)

 b. CSOs for new courthouse construction projects (8 CSOs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 528

7.24 12. Equipment modernization and cyclical replacement strategy

 a. Video management systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 5,200

 b. Staffing positions at USMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 598

7.25 13. Phased Implementation (5th Year) of CSO staffing standards (20.5 CSOs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1,265

7.25 14. Staffing positions at USMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 284

5 12,102

84 682,140

7 18,129

Financing the Fiscal Year 2022 Request:

FTEs Amount

84 682,140

7.26 - 15,000

Estimated Obligations, Fiscal Year 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 697,140

Total Appropriation Required. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Anticipated unencumbered carryforward from FY 2021 and prior years into FY 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 Subtotal, Program Increases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total Fiscal Year 2022 Appropriation Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total Appropriation Increase, Fiscal Year 2021 to Fiscal Year 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.3
FY 2020

Actual

FY 2021

Assumed

FY 2022

Request

Total Obligations 631,872 690,163 697,140

 (30) (56) -

 30 - -

 56 - -

Direct Obligations 631,928 690,107 697,140

Unobligated Balance, End of Year 20,396 - -

Less No-Year Obligations (13,159) (26,096) (15,000)

Appropriation Total 639,165 664,011 682,140

FY 2020

Actual

FY 2021

Assumed

FY 2022

Request

11.1 Full-Time Permanent 7,352 9,301 10,325

11.5 Other Personnel Compensation 270 - -

12.1 Civilian Personnel benefits 2,720 2,831 3,287

21.0 Travel and Transportation of Persons 975 626 626

22.0 Transportation of Things 43 47 47

23.1 Rental Payments to GSA 6,464 7,249 7,537

23.2 Rental Payments to Other 3 - -

23.3 Communications Utilities, and Miscellaneous Charges 1,687 1,892 1,892

25.1 Advisory and Assistance Services 27 - -

25.2 Other Services from Non-Federal Sources 3,969 4,955 3,000

25.3 Other Goods and Services from Federal Sources 92,472 86,450 82,028

25.4 Operation and Maintenance of Facilities 426,702 451,900 466,785

25.4 Operation and Maintenance of Equipment 21,161 29,463 25,587

26.0 Supplies and materials 2,942 401 441

31.0 Equipment 16,593 24,198 24,417

32.0 Land and Structures 48,513 70,748 71,168

42.0 Insurance Claims and Indemnities 35 46 -

Direct Obligations 631,928 690,107 697,140

Other Obligations (JITF) (56) 56 -

Grand Total Obligations 631,872 690,163 697,140

Description

Activity

COURTS OF APPEALS, DISTRICT COURTS AND OTHER JUDICIAL SERVICES

COURT SECURITY

Obligations by Activity ($000)

Obligations by Budget Object Class ($000)

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year: 

 Judiciary Information Technology Fund

Deposits and Other Adjustments: 

Judiciary Information Technology Fund

Unobligated Balance, End of Year: 

 Judiciary Information Technology Fund

7.4
FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022

Actual Assumed Request

Direct Obligations 631,928 690,107 697,140 

Obligated balance, start of year 202,082 263,189 306,327 

Adjustments for prior year activity (9,734) - - 

Obligated balance, end of year (263,189) (306,327) (345,109) 

Total Outlays 561,087 646,969 658,358 

Less Offsets (484) (489) (494) 

Net Outlays 560,603 646,480 657,864 

FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022

Actual Assumed Request

Total compensable workyears (FTE):

 United States Marshals Service 62 77 84

Total, Court Security 62 77 84 

COURTS OF APPEALS, DISTRICT COURTS AND OTHER JUDICIAL SERVICES

COURT SECURITY

Relation of Direct Obligations to Outlays ($000)

Personnel Summary

7.5
GENERAL STATEMENT AND INFORMATION

The Court Security appropriation funds the necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, incident to the provision of protective 

guard services, and the procurement, installation, and maintenance of security systems and equipment for United States courthouses 

and other facilities housing federal court operations. This includes building access control, inspection of mail and packages, directed 

security patrols, perimeter security, and other similar activities as authorized by 28 U.S.C. § 604(a)(22). 

Federal courthouses are often the most visible symbols of the U.S. Government presence in communities outside of Washington, D.C., 

and, as such, may be considered inviting targets for terrorist attacks. In addition, the judicial process compels the attendance of 

suspected and convicted criminals to its facilities daily, which invites additional risks. At the same time, witnesses, jurors, family 

members of the suspected or convicted criminals, members of the Bar of the Court, the press, court employees, and the public must be 

able to enter and use the buildings. Maintaining the proper balance between ensuring an open court system and having secure court 

facilities is a complex task given the increasing number of threats against the federal judiciary. 

The fiscal year (FY) 2022 Court Security appropriation request of $682,140,000 will provide an appropriate level of security at 

existing court facilities and provide security coverage at new and renovated facilities. It will also allow the judiciary to sustain and 

make progress on several existing major strategic security initiatives, each of which is in a different stage of development, including: 

improved physical access control systems (PACS) at courthouses nationwide; security infrastructure and additional court security 

officers (CSOs) for new courthouses; phased, multi-year implementation of an equipment modernization and cyclical replacement 

strategy for video management systems (VMS) and staffing; and the phased implementation of the revised CSO staffing standards. 

SECURING THE COURTS

Court security is provided jointly by the Department of Justice’s (DOJ) United States Marshals Service (USMS) and the Department 

of Homeland Security’s (DHS) Federal Protective Service (FPS). By statute, the USMS has primary responsibility for the security of 

the federal judiciary, including the safe conduct of court proceedings, as well as the security of federal judges and court personnel at 

court facilities and off-site. The security that FPS provides may include, to varying degrees, entry screening, perimeter patrols, garage 

access control, and mail and package screening. Each is discussed below. 

Due to the recent fatal attack at the home of a federal judge in New Jersey and increasing threats against federal judges, the judiciary 

has asked Congress to enact a package of safety measures that would improve security at judges’ homes and at federal courthouses. 

7.6
These safety measures seek additional funding for the USMS and FPS – separate from the Court Security appropriation. For 

additional information on this issue, refer to the Need to Increase Security for Federal Judges on pages 7.10 - 7.12. 

UNITED STATES MARSHALS SERVICE PROTECTION

The USMS is responsible for the security of the judiciary (28 U.S.C. §§ 564, 566), including securing prisoners; conducting protective 

investigations on threats against judges and other judiciary personnel; providing protective details when necessary; and providing 

security for witnesses and high threat trials. This mission is funded by DOJ/USMS operating funds. 

The USMS is also responsible for the day-to-day management of the Judicial Facility Security Program (JFSP), which is solely funded 

by the judiciary’s Court Security appropriation. The JFSP is a collaborative effort between the judiciary and the DOJ to ensure the 

integrity of the judicial process by providing secure facilities in which to conduct judicial business. To support the JFSP, funding 

from the Court Security appropriation is transferred to the USMS, which is responsible for administering the JFSP consistent with

standards and guidelines agreed to by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (AO) Director and the Attorney General. 

The goals of the JFSP are ensuring: 

1. an adequate court security officer (CSO) presence at new, renovated, and existing court facilities;

2. that effective security screening and/or access control systems are in place for judiciary facilities housing judges, probation and

pretrial services offices, and other federal court operations; and

3. timely installation and maintenance of required security systems and equipment at new, renovated, and existing courthouses.

CSOs and security systems and equipment are key aspects of providing physical security to the courts. Together, they are an integral 

part of the USMS’s security plan to prevent and deter violence that can undermine the effectiveness, viability, and integrity of the 

judicial process and erode public confidence in the judicial system. 

7.7
FEDERAL PROTECTIVE SERVICE SECURITY

FPS is the primary federal agency responsible for patrolling and protecting the perimeter of GSA-controlled facilities and enforcing 

federal laws and regulations in those facilities. There are two types of facility-related security charges imposed by FPS on 

government facilities, including those occupied by the judiciary: (1) the “basic” security charge, to provide FPS with general funding 

to operate; and (2) the “building-specific” security charge, to reimburse FPS for FPS-provided, site-specific contract guards and 

security systems and equipment. 

Beginning in FY 2020, FPS implemented a new cost model across the entire Federal Government for assessing basic and buildingspecific security charges. The new cost model eliminates the $0.78 per square foot charge for basic security. Instead, FPS uses a riskbased structure for assessing basic security charges. As detailed later in this chapter, as a result of the multi-year implementation of 

the new risk-based charge for basic security, there is a $5.3 million base decrease in FY 2022 to reflect lower judiciary security costs. 

The new cost model also eliminates the eight percent building-specific charge that FPS collects on contracted guard services and 

contracts to procure and install security technical countermeasures at court facilities. In a policy shift, FPS no longer funds the upfront 

costs for technical countermeasures, which means that it no longer amortizes new technical countermeasures for customer agencies

over multiple fiscal years. Tenant agencies must provide the full costs for a countermeasure project before the project begins. 

Perimeter Security Pilot Program

The judiciary’s FY 2008 appropriations bill authorized the USMS to establish a perimeter security pilot program to consolidate the 

responsibility for perimeter security guarding and security systems and equipment under the district U.S. Marshal, who is supported 

by the judiciary-funded and USMS-administered JFSP. The pilot was implemented at seven courthouses in FY 2009. An eighth 

courthouse was added in FY 2015. 

The pilot was designed to address several issues, including the bifurcated systems of two security providers - the FPS and the USMS - 

providing physical security at many federal courthouses, problems with FPS security equipment not functioning for extended time 

periods, and a lack of national standards for determining how many FPS guards are needed to provide adequate security at federal 

facilities, including courthouses. At the pilot locations, the USMS is responsible for all interior and perimeter security. 

7.8
The response to the pilot from judges, court unit executives, and district USMS office staff has been uniformly positive. The benefits 

of the program include improved quality of security services, improved security coverage, unified command and control over 

courthouse physical security, improved communication, and improved stewardship and monitoring of security equipment. 

Each year since the pilot began, the judiciary’s annual appropriations bills have authorized the pilot project to continue. The 

judiciary’s FY 2022 appropriation request includes language to continue the pilot (see General Provisions, page 12.1). The judiciary 

will continue to explore additional sites and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of expanding the pilot to more locations. 

FY 2021 APPROPRIATIONS

The judiciary built the fiscal year (FY) 2022 discretionary budget request for Court Security on the FY 2021 enacted appropriation, 

which is $664,011,000. The FY 2021 enacted appropriation, combined with $10,000,000 in unobligated carryforward from FY 2020 

and prior years, fully funds all FY 2021 requirements. For bill language, the judiciary used the language from P.L. 116-260, Financial 

Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021. 

SIGNIFICANT ISSUES FOR FY 2022 

COVID-19 Impact 

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on security operations. Due to COVID-19 related court closures and service 

reductions, CSO work hours were reduced at many court locations. However, with the contract authority enacted through the 

Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, the USMS used available funding to continue making payments to 

CSO vendors. These payments ensured that the vendors maintained CSOs in a ready state to return to work when needed. The

7.9
CARES Act section 36101

 and OMB guidance memo M-20-222 allow the USMS to make payments/reimbursements to CSO vendors 

to pay CSOs for hours that they could not work as a result of COVID-19 related closures and service reductions. The USMS obligated 

$16.2 million for CARES Act-related payments in FY 2020, and $16.2 million has been authorized for payment to CSO vendors. 

Violence Against the Judiciary at Work and at Home 

Increase In Threats Against Federal Courthouses 

In 2020, there were several significant violent incidents and one fatal attack at federal courthouses. On May 29, 2020, a gunman 

attacked the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building and Courthouse in Oakland, California, and killed Federal Protective Service (FPS) 

Officer David Underwood in a drive-by shooting. Over the summer, court facilities were the focal points of protest and civil unrest, 

some of which led to intense confrontations between police, protesters, and counter-protesters. On September 15, 2020, at the Sandra 

Day O’Connor Federal Courthouse in Phoenix, Arizona, an assailant shot a CSO outside the courthouse. 

The Need to Increase Security for Federal Judges 

In addition to violent incidents, including a fatal attack, at federal courthouses, threats against judges have increased by 380 percent 

since FY 2015. On July 29, 2020, there was a fatal attack at the home of Judge Esther Salas. A gunman posing as a delivery courier 

rang the doorbell and fatally shot her 20-year-old son, who opened the door, and seriously wounded her husband. This follows the 

murder of four federal judges since 1979: District Judge John Wood (1979), District Judge Richard Daronco (1988), Circuit Judge 

1 SEC. 3610. FEDERAL CONTRACTOR AUTHORITY. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, and subject to the availability of appropriations, funds 

made available to an agency by this Act or any other Act may be used by such agency to modify the terms and conditions of a contract, or other agreement, 

without consideration, to reimburse at the minimum applicable contract billing rates not to exceed an average of 40 hours per week any paid leave, including sick 

leave, a contractor provides to keep its employees or subcontractors in a ready state, including to protect the life and safety of Government and contractor 

personnel, but in no event beyond September 30, 2020. Such authority shall apply only to a contractor whose employees or subcontractors cannot perform work 

on a site that has been approved by the Federal Government, including a federally-owned or leased facility or site, due to facility closures or other restrictions, 

and who cannot telework because their job duties cannot be performed remotely during the public health emergency declared on January 31, 2020 for COVID–

19: Provided, That the maximum reimbursement authorized by this section shall be reduced by the amount of credit a contractor is allowed pursuant to division 

G of Public Law 116– 127 and any applicable credits a contractor is allowed under this Act. (https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ136/PLAW116publ136.pdf) 2

 Use any "funds made available to the agency" by Congress to reimburse contractors for workers' lost time from March 27 to September 30, if the contractor 

provides leave to its employees or subcontractors "to maintain a ready state, including to protect the life and safety of Government and contractor personnel," 

which would include, but not be limited to, the circumstances addressed in M-20-18 (https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/M-20-22.pdf) 

7.10
Robert Vance (1989), and District Judge John Roll (2011). In addition, District Judge Joan Lefkow found her mother and husband 

murdered in their Chicago home in 2005. 

As threats against federal judges continue to increase, the judiciary has asked Congress to enact a package of safety measures that 

would improve security at judges’ homes and at federal courthouses. Letters were sent September 4, 2020, and November 18, 2020, 

by Judge David W. McKeague, chair of the Judicial Conference Committee on Judicial Security, and James C. Duff, then secretary of 

the Judicial Conference, outlining these requests for the House and Senate Appropriations Committees, who were asked to fund the 

following four security enhancements: 

• A one-time appropriation of $7.2 million for the USMS to install modern home intrusion security systems in judges’ homes,

and $2 million annually to keep the systems current. The existing government-funded alarm systems are outdated and lack any

video capabilities to identify who is on a judge’s property.

• Increased appropriations of $250 million for the USMS to hire 1,000 additional Deputy U.S. Marshals in accordance with the

USMS’s District Staffing Model.

• A one-time direct appropriation to FPS of $267 million to replace and upgrade exterior perimeter security cameras at 650 U.S.

courthouses and federal buildings that house judicial activities.

• An annual appropriation to the USMS of $10.1 million to fund 28 federal employee staff to expand the USMS Open Source

Intelligence (OSINT) Unit. This additional funding and staff would allow the USMS to monitor potential and actual threats to

federal judges on the internet.

In addition, on September 4, 2020, Judge McKeague and Director Duff sent letters to the House and Senate Judiciary Committees, 

who were asked to approve new authorizing legislation that would (1) better prevent the unauthorized release of judges’ personally 

identifiable information (PII), particularly on the internet, including restrictions on posting or sharing judges’ personal information by 

private or public entities, and (2) give federal judges permanent authority to redact personally identifiable information from financial 

disclosure reports. 

On September 24, 2020, S. 4711, the “Daniel Anderl Judicial Security and Privacy Act of 2020” was introduced in the Senate. 

Companion legislation (H.R. 8591) was introduced in the House of Representatives on October 13, 2020. The legislation would 

establish guidelines for federal agencies, state and local governments, and commercial data collectors to create safeguards to protect 

the PII of active, senior, recalled, and retired federal judges by:

7.11
• Prohibiting federal government agencies from publicly posting judges’ PII and allowing judges to request the removal of PII

within 72 hours if it is already posted.

• Restricting commercial data collectors from selling, trading, licensing, purchasing, or providing judges’ PII or the PII of their

immediate family members.

• Creating a private right of action and injunctive relief as remedies for noncompliance.

• Authorizing a federal grant program for state and local governments to help cover costs to prevent the release of judges’ PII

from any agency that operates a database or registry that contains this information.

On December 16, 2020, S. 4711 was brought to the Senate floor under a unanimous consent request. A senator objected to the 

unanimous consent request, saying he favored a broader security bill that also includes protections for Members of Congress. The 

bill’s sponsors were not willing to accept that amendment and the bill was unable to proceed in the Senate. H.R. 8591 did not receive 

a floor vote in the House of Representatives. AO staff will continue working with the Judiciary Committees to have a judicial security 

bill introduced and enacted in the 117th Congress. 

Physical Access Control Systems (PACS) and Video Management Systems (VMS)

PACS and VMS are two critical components of the court security program. PACS are designed to ensure that unauthorized and 

potentially dangerous people do not gain entry to court facilities, and only judges, authorized federal employees, and contractors can 

access secure interior court space. Access is managed with cards issued to authorized persons that are read by automated card readers 

at exterior and/or interior doors, and for judges at secure elevators. VMS are the camera systems that allow the USMS to monitor 

doors, hallways, courtrooms, and other court space. With a VMS system failure, the USMS control room operators lose viewing 

capability of all closed-circuit television (CCTV) coverage within a facility, crippling the USMS’s capability to visually assess 

potential threats. The loss of camera views and control capability makes a facility particularly vulnerable. 

PACS

Many of the current PACS are fragile and failing, or in danger of failing, due to aging equipment and outdated software no longer 

supported by the vendor. The judiciary worked with the USMS to develop a risk-based strategy that focuses resources on the highest 

priority PACS requirements, addressing facilities with the greatest need in a timeframe that avoids system failures. The risk-based 

approach attempts to contain costs by focusing on equipment replacements at court facilities with the highest risk for a PACS failure. 

In addition, the strategy also incorporates a refreshment cycle for PACS to ensure the program is sustainable in the future. The 

7.12
ongoing funding strategy increases PACS funding by approximately $5 million each year, ultimately reaching $42 million in annual 

funding in FY 2022. The FY 2022 request represents the last year that the judiciary will seek a $5.0 million increase. This approach 

should be sufficient to fund PACS upgrades and begin to refresh PACS on a 10-year cycle starting in FY 2024. The judiciary should 

have enough resources to upgrade PACS in all 500 facilities by FY 2030. Future budget requests may be revised for inflation as well 

as changes in technology, equipment, networking protocols, etc. 

VMS

Similar to the PACS issue, most existing VMS have exceeded their useful life expectancies, are at risk of failure, and are no longer 

supported by the manufacturers. Further, most judiciary VMS are analog systems, and these systems need to be upgraded to digital IP 

(internet protocol) based systems. Using the PACS funding strategy as a model, the judiciary seeks to replicate the multi-year funding 

approach with VMS. For FY 2020, the Court Security account included $6.3 million to begin replacing VMS head-end units (the 

head-end units are known as video matrix switchers). In FY 2021, the USMS expanded the program to replace the entire VMS unit 

(including cameras, cabling, and control room components) rather than replacing only the head-end unit, as it was more cost effective 

to replace all components at the same time. The FY 2021 funding level includes $10.0 million for VMS replacement, and for FY 

2022, the judiciary requests an increase of $5.2 million (for a total of $15.3 million with inflation). The judiciary plans to gradually 

increase funding for the program with the overall goal of replacing all 451 VMS. 

Joint PACS/VMS Projects

PACS and VMS share the same enterprise network infrastructure, and the USMS estimates that there could be cost avoidance to 

install VMS concurrently with new PACS. More information should be available about potential cost avoidance after several projects

involving simultaneous VMS and PACS installation are completed. 

New Courthouse Infrastructure Costs

In FY 2016, Congress provided $948 million to the General Services Administration (GSA) for the construction of courthouses on the 

judiciary’s Courthouse Project Priorities (CPP) plan. That funding supports the construction of eight courthouses and provides partial 

funding for a ninth project. In addition, $53 million was appropriated for new construction and acquisition of facilities that are joint 

U.S. courthouses and federal buildings. (Joint courthouses/federal building projects are prioritized by GSA and do not appear on the 

judiciary’s CPP.) In FY 2018, Congress provided $437 million to fully fund the ninth FY 2016 courthouse project and to construct 

7.13
two additional courthouses. Funding for the construction of courthouses is appropriated directly to GSA. However, the judiciary is 

responsible for funding items that will take the courthouses from shell condition to finished and usable spaces, including furniture, 

technology, and security. 

Security related costs for new courthouses depend on when occupancy will occur. Based on current schedules, systems and 

equipment requirements for new courthouses in FY 2022 are expected to be $0.8 million below the FY 2021 level and funds will be 

used for the courthouse project in Huntsville, Alabama. In addition, the FY 2022 budget request includes $0.5 million for eight 

additional CSO positions needed to staff the new Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Des Moines, Iowa; and Toledo, Ohio courthouses. Refer 

to page 7.24 for more details. 

7.14
$000 CSO Positions FTE $000 CSO Positions FTE

Court Security Officers 451,900 4,545 466,785 4,574 

Federal Protective Service Charges 84,297 79,829

Systems and Equipment 117,425 114,187

Program Administration 36,485 77 36,339 84 

JITF 56 -

Total Obligations 690,163 697,140

 JITF (56) -

Direct Obligations 690,107 697,140

Prior Year Carryforward

 Systems and Equipment Slippage (Encumbered) (14,141) -

 Program Administration Slippage (Encumbered) (1,955) -

 Systems and Equipment Savings (Unencumbered) (10,000) (15,000)

Available Appropriation 664,011 682,140

Court Security Program Summary

FY 2021 Assumed FY 2022 Request

7.15
JUSTIFICATION OF CHANGES

The judiciary requests $682.1 million for Court Security in 

FY 2022, a 2.7 percent increase over the FY 2021 enacted 

appropriation of $664.0 million. This FY 2022 request reflects 

the necessary adjustments to base to maintain current services. 

The request also includes program increases for the continued 

implementation of the physical access control systems (PACS) 

replacement strategy; security infrastructure and additional 

court security officers (CSOs) for new courthouses; the phased 

implementation of an equipment modernization and cyclical 

replacement strategy for video management systems (VMS) 

and staffing; the fifth year of the phased implementation of the 

revised CSO staffing standards; and additional USMS staff. 

The majority of the funding in this request is transferred to the 

USMS, which is responsible for administering the Judicial 

Facility Security Program (JFSP).

The following sections provide information and justification 

for each of the adjustments to base and program increases. 

A. ADJUSTMENTS TO BASE TO MAINTAIN

CURRENT SERVICES

1. Pay and benefits adjustments

a. Proposed January 2022 pay adjustment

Requested Increase: $53,000 

The judiciary is assuming federal pay rates will increase by 1.0 

percent in January 2022. The requested increase provides for 

the cost of nine months of the anticipated pay raise in FY 2022, 

from January 2022 to September 2022. (If the pay adjustment 

included in the President’s FY 2022 budget request is different 

than 1.0 percent, the judiciary will revise this line item in its 

FY 2022 budget re-estimate.)

b. Annualization of January 2021 pay adjustment

Requested Increase: $73,000 

The requested increase provides for the annualized costs of 

2021 pay adjustment associated with the Employment Cost 

Index (ECI). Based on the FY 2021 enacted appropriation, 

federal pay rates increase by 1.0 percent, effective as of 

January 2021. The requested increase provides for the cost of 

three months (from October 2021 to December 2021) of the 

assumed 2021 pay increase in FY 2022. 

c. Promotions and within-grade increases

Requested Increase: $91,000 

The requested increase provides for promotions and withingrade increases for personnel. The AO salary plan, as well as 

the USMS salary plan, provide for periodic within-grade 

increases for staff who receive at least a satisfactory 

performance rating.

7.16
d. Health Benefits increases

Requested Increase: $17,000 

Based on information from the Office of Personnel 

Management, agency health benefit premium contributions are 

projected to increase by an average of 3.0 percent both in 

January 2021 and January 2022. The requested increase 

annualizes the 2021 premium increase and includes a ninemonth provision for an estimated 3.0 percent increase 

anticipated for FY 2022. 

e. FICA adjustment 

Requested Increase: $8,000 

Based on information from the Social Security Administration, 

employer contributions to the Old Age, Survivor, and 

Disability Insurance (OASDI) portion of the FICA tax will 

increase in 2021. The salary cap for OASDI increased from 

$137,700 to $142,800 in January 2021. The requested amount 

is needed to pay the agency contribution in FY 2022. 

f. FERS adjustment

Requested Increase: $93,000 

Consistent with guidance from the Office of Management and 

Budget, funds are requested for an increase in the agency 

contribution rate to Federal Employees Retirement System 

(FERS) plans for FY 2022. For most employees, the agency 

contribution rate will increase from 17.3 percent to 18.4 

percent. Any FERS increase is in accordance with revised 

estimates of the cost of providing benefits by the Board of 

Actuaries of the Civil Service Retirement and Disability 

System. 

2. Annualization of CSO positions

Requested Increase: $1,171,000 

In FY 2021, funding was provided to support 31 new CSO 

positions needed to staff new courthouse construction projects. 

This request includes the increase required to fund the full-year 

cost of these 31 CSO positions in FY 2022. 

3. Annualization of USMS positions

Requested Increase: $300,000 FTE: 2 

In FY 2021, funding was provided to support four new 

positions at the USMS to support the equipment modernization 

and cyclical replacement strategy. This request includes the 

increase required to fund the full-year cost of these positions in 

FY 2022. 

 

4. FY 2022 CSO contract and wage rate adjustments 

Requested Increase: $11,953,000 

A total of $12.0 million is requested for anticipated increases in 

the hourly rates and overtime pay for CSO contract services in 

FY 2022. The request is an average increase of 2.6 percent on 

a national basis over FY 2021 projected levels.

7.17
The minimum hourly wage rates paid by the vendors who are 

retained by the USMS to provide CSO services are determined 

by the Department of Labor and vary around the country based 

on an annual assessment of the prevailing wage rates paid for 

occupations like the CSO category of service in a specific 

locality. CSO wages are also adjusted through collective 

bargaining agreements negotiated between CSO contractors 

and unions. In accordance with the McNamara-O’Hara 

Service Contract Act, the contract CSOs must be paid the 

hourly rates determined by the Department of Labor unless a 

collective bargaining agreement is in place. The wage 

adjustment must be paid regardless of any potential pay freeze 

imposed on federal workers. 

5. Inflationary increases in charges for contracts,

services, supplies, and equipment

Requested Increase: $26,000 

Consistent with guidance from the Office of Management and 

Budget, this requested increase is required to fund inflationary 

increases of 2.0 percent for operating expenses such as travel, 

communications, printing, contractual services, supplies and 

materials, and furniture and equipment (exclusive of the CSO 

contracts).

6. Inflationary increase in GSA space rental costs

Requested Increase: $288,000 

This request represents a 4.0 percent inflationary increase, 

estimated by GSA, in the cost of GSA space rental charges to 

be used by CSOs and judiciary-funded USMS personnel for 

FY 2022. 

7. Changes in Federal Protective Service security charges

Requested Decrease: ($4,468,000) 

In FY 2022, FPS continues implementing the new cost model 

for assessing basic and building-specific security charges (refer 

to page 7.8). 

The FY 2022 security cost estimate of $79.8 million for FPS 

security services consists of basic security ($24.4 million) and 

building-specific security costs ($55.4 million). This cost 

represents a net decrease of $4.5 million from the FY 2021 

estimate of $84.3 million. Additional information regarding 

the changes in FPS security charges is summarized below: 

a. Decrease in basic security charges: ($5,311,000)

Beginning in FY 2020, the new cost model eliminated the 

$0.78 per square foot charge for basic security. FPS now uses 

a risk-based structure for assessing basic security charges. 

7.18
The FY 2022 request for basic security charges is $24.4 

million, which is $5.3 million below the FY 2021 estimated 

level. 

b. Increase in building-specific security charges:

$843,000

In FY 2020, the new cost model eliminated the 8 percent 

oversight charge for building-specific security that FPS collects 

on contracted guard services and contracts to procure and 

install security technical countermeasures and will no longer 

amortize the costs for new technical countermeasure projects. 

The total FY 2022 request for building-specific security 

charges is $55.4 million, which is $0.8 million above the FY 

2021 estimated level. The requested increase supports new 

countermeasure projects. 

Building-specific charges are based on FPS-provided 

countermeasures for a specific building and are charged to all 

federal tenants in the building in direct proportion to each 

customer agency’s percentage of federal occupancy. Each 

building is supposed to have a facility security committee 

(FSC). The FSC consults with and seeks recommendations 

from FPS on new or revised countermeasures. A tenant agency 

cannot avoid a building-specific charge if a majority of FSC 

members endorse a countermeasure. FPS is responsible for 

maintaining records of these operating expenditures on a 

building-by-building basis. These expenses are based on FPS 

projections and may be adjusted as a result of the judiciary’s 

regular review of FPS charges. 

Building-specific expenses include:

• Facility contract guards, both fixed post and roving,

assigned to a specific building; and

• Purchase, installation, and maintenance of perimeter

security devices such as cameras, alarms, motion detectors,

and other physical security features.

(Note: In courthouse facilities, the FPS contract guards and 

security device expenses listed above are usually limited to the 

perimeter of the building because security for interior judicial 

space is provided by the USMS.) 

8. Adjustments to base requirements for security systems

and equipment

Requested Increase: $1,422,000 

($000)

FY 2021 Available Funding $103,284

Adjustments to base - net increases 1,422

FY 2022 Current Services $104,706

The requested amount reflects a net increase of $1.4 million for 

the security systems and equipment program. Table 7.1 on 

page 7.23 and the following justification of increases provide 

further information regarding the judiciary's security systems 

and equipment funding requirements. 

7.19
Increased Funding for Security Systems and Equipment

• Nationwide Vehicle Barrier Maintenance Contract

Requested Increase: $758,000

The vehicle barrier maintenance contract provides a

nationwide preventative maintenance and repair program

for vehicle barriers installed by the USMS. The contract

requirements include 24/7 technical support, training,

emergency response capability, preventive maintenance,

and repairs. The maintenance contract increases the

reliability of vehicle barriers and reduces the frequency of

breakdowns. The increase for the Nationwide Vehicle

Barrier Maintenance Contract is primarily due to the

projected costs for the repairs of vehicle barriers and the

deployment of additional mobile barriers for FY 2022.

$ Other Additional and Replacement Equipment

Requested Increase: $524,000

This program provides for general enhancements or

upgrades to closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance

systems, alarm systems, and command and control centers

in newly occupied space in existing court facilities and

replaces outdated equipment in currently occupied space.

The increase is primarily due to inflationary cost

adjustments.

$ Perimeter Security Improvements

Requested Increase: $287,000

Perimeter security is a critical first line of defense for

federal judicial facilities. Perimeter security improvements

consist of the installation of guard booths and vehicle

barriers, such as planters and hydraulic bollards, to help

maintain a secure setback for the courthouse. These security

enhancements allow the USMS to screen vehicle traffic

adequately, provide pedestrian separation from the court

facility, obscure the public=s view of judicial officers, and

limit the potential damage and loss of life from improvised

explosive devices. In addition, the installation of perimeter

CCTV surveillance systems and intrusion detection systems

are covered in this category. The increase is primarily due

to inflationary cost adjustments.

$ GSA Installation/Alterations

Requested Increase: $196,000

GSA designs, procures, and installs security system conduit;

provides dedicated power circuits for security systems;

procures and installs ballistic and break-resistant glass at

public intake counters; and provides emergency lighting in

courtrooms and chambers and other security construction

projects required to protect federal court facilities

adequately. This program also funds unanticipated

construction items. The increase is primarily due to

inflationary cost adjustments.

7.20
• Video Management Systems

Requested Increase: $98,000

Video Management Systems (VMS) are the camera

systems in court space that allow the USMS to monitor

doors, hallways, courtrooms, and other court space. The

increase is primarily due to inflationary cost adjustments.

• Nationwide Maintenance Contract for Existing Security

Systems and Equipment

Requested Increase: $35,000

The national contract for security systems installation

provides for the maintenance of the inventory of security

systems located in all facilities nationwide, such as the

repair of CCTV systems, access control systems, alarm

systems, and other command and control center

components. The contract also provides for off-site

monitoring of alarms for buildings without a 24-hour CSO

presence and for repairs and preventive maintenance for the

nationwide inventory of x-ray machines. The increase is

due to inflationary cost adjustments.

• Equipment for Probation, Pretrial Services and Federal

Public Defender Services Offices

Requested Increase: $26,000

Typically, offices located in facilities where screening for

weapons is not conducted at the entrance receive an access

control system that consists of an electric door strike and a 

door release mechanism. Offices also receive bulletresistant material and duress alarms at the public counters. 

Each probation, pretrial services, and federal public 

defender office receives a duress alarm button in areas 

where clients are interviewed – usually an office desk. 

Under certain circumstances, intruder detection alarms and 

a CCTV camera and monitor are added. 

Per the U.S. Courts Design Guide, offices that are located 

in facilities where weapons screening is conducted at the 

entrance are entitled to the same security devices as noted 

above with one exception – the window at the public 

counter is constructed of break-resistant material, instead of 

bullet-resistant material. This initiative provides either new 

equipment or upgrades to existing systems for probation, 

pretrial services, and federal defender offices. The increase 

is primarily due to inflationary cost adjustments. 

• Cyclical Replacement of X-Ray Screening Equipment and

Walk-Thru Metal Detectors

Requested Increase: $19,000

The cyclical replacement program ensures that walk-through

metal detector and x-ray screening systems are replaced

when they become technologically obsolete or when

maintenance costs exceed a pre-determined threshold. The

increase is primarily due to inflationary cost adjustments.

7.21
Decreased Funding for Security Systems and Equipment

• CSO Radios, Accessories, Repairs and Over-the-Air Rekey

Requested Decrease: ($521,000)

This request supports radios for new CSO positions based

on planned occupancy dates for new and renovated court

facilities and changes in CSO staffing requirements,

cyclical replacement of radios, installation and maintenance

of CSO radio systems, and funding for accessories and

repairs. It also includes over-the-air re-key systems to

provide secure cryptographic protection to ensure the

integrity of the information transmitted on CSO radios.

Various means are available for the dissemination of the

security keys necessary for communications including the

use of electronic hand-held key loaders and by means of

over-the-air re-key. The decrease for CSO Radios, 

Accessories, Repairs and Over-the-Air-Re-Key is primarily 

due to the projected decreases in replacement and 

maintenance costs for CSO radios and courthouse 

repeaters. 

9. Funding Adjustments due to an increase in nonappropriated sources of funds

Requested Decrease: ($5,000,000) 

In FY 2021, $10 million in balances from FY 2020 and prior 

years will be available to finance FY 2021 requirements. In 

FY 2022, the judiciary expects $15 million in non-appropriated 

funds to be available, an increase of $5 million from FY 2021. 

Because the judiciary anticipates having $5 million more in 

carryforward funding available in FY 2022, it requests $5 

million less in funding to maintain current services. 

7.22
FY 2021

Assumed

FY 2022 

Adjustments to 

Base

FY 2022 Program 

Increases / 

Decreases

FY 2022

Request1

Change 

FY 2021 to

FY 2022

$000 $000 $000 $000 $000

VMS 10,000 98 5,200 15,298 5,298 

PACS 37,023 - 4,977 42,000 4,977 

New Courthouse Construction Projects 2,800 - (750) 2,050 (750) 

Nationwide Vehicle Barrier Maintenance Contract 1,770 758 - 2,528 758 

Other Additional and Replacement Equipment (Excludes VMS) 11,174 524 - 11,698 524 

Perimeter Security Improvements 9,554 287 - 9,841 287 

GSA Installation/Alterations 6,549 196 - 6,745 196 

Nationwide Maintenance Contract for Existing Security Systems and Equipment 16,833 35 - 16,868 35 

Equipment for Probation, Pretrial Services, and Defender Services 866 26 - 892 26 

Cyclical Replacement of X-Ray Screening Equipment and Walk-Thru Metal Detectors 4,561 19 - 4,580 19 

CSO Radios, Accessories, Repairs and Over-the-Air-Re-key 2,154 (521) 54 1,687 (467) 

Total Security Systems and Equipment 103,284 1,422 9,481 114,187 10,903 

1 Excludes encumbered carryforward

Table 7.1

Court Security Appropriation

Security Systems & Equipment Funding Summary

Fiscal Years 2021 and 2022

Category

7.23
PROGRAM INCREASES / DECREASES

10. Physical access control systems replacement strategy

Requested Increase: $4,977,000 

The judiciary requests an additional $5.0 million to continue 

the implementation of the PACS replacement strategy, for a 

total of $42.0 million in PACS funding for FY 2022. The 

PACS replacement strategy increases funding requirements by 

$5 million each year from FY 2019 through FY 2022. For 

additional information on the need for PACS replacement, 

refer to pages 7.12 – 7.13. 

11. New courthouse construction projects

Requested Net Decrease: ($222,000) 

For the new construction projects funded by Congress in 

FY 2016 and FY 2018, the judiciary requests a net decrease of 

$0.2 million below the FY 2021 level. For additional 

information on new courthouse construction projects, refer to

pages 7.13 - 7.14. 

a. Security infrastructure for new courthouse 

construction projects

Requested Decrease: ($750,000) 

In FY 2021, $2.8 million is included for security systems 

requirements for new courthouse construction projects, and 

$2.0 million is required for the courthouse project in 

Huntsville, Alabama in FY 2022. Thus, a decrease of $0.8 

million is associated with non-recurring security requirements 

in FY 2022. 

b. CSOs for new courthouse construction projects (8 

CSOs)

Requested Increase: $528,000 

In addition to the systems and equipment requirements, 

funding is needed for CSOs in these new facilities projected to 

open in FY 2022 and early FY 2023. The FY 2022 budget 

request includes $0.5 million for eight new CSO positions to 

staff the new courthouses in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Des 

Moines, Iowa; and Toledo, Ohio. The USMS will also transfer 

CSO positions from any related facilities in which the judiciary 

has vacated its space, but new positions are necessary when the 

size of a court facility increases.

12. Equipment modernization and cyclical replacement

strategy

Requested Increase: $5,798,000 

The FY 2022 request includes $5.8 million towards the phased 

implementation of an equipment modernization and cyclical 

replacement strategy for video management systems (VMS) 

and staffing. For additional information on the need for VMS

replacement, refer to page 7.13. 

7.24
a. Video Management Systems

Requested Increase: $5,200,000

For FY 2022, the judiciary requests an additional $5.2 million 

for VMS. With the $10.0 million in base funding available in 

FY 2021, there will be a total of $15.3 million with inflation 

for VMS in FY 2022. 

b. USMS Staffing Positions for VMS

Requested Increase: $598,000 FTE: 2

The judiciary requests $0.6 million for four new positions (2 

FTE) at the USMS to support the equipment modernization and 

cyclical replacement strategy.

13. Phased implementation (5th Year) of the CSO staffing

standards (20.5 CSOs)

Requested Increase: $1,265,000 

When the revised CSO staffing standards were implemented in 

FY 2015, the USMS recommended that an additional 346 CSO 

positions would be necessary to fully staff to the new standards, 

which include a crucial exterior/forward watch position at the 

courthouse perimeter. In FY 2020, the USMS conducted a 

security assessment and identified Hato Rey, Puerto Rico, as 

needing the creation of a “special needs post.” The post 

requires an additional 2.5 CSO positions. Per the CSO Staffing 

Standard, facilities can receive additional positions when 

supported by an assessment. Hato Rey was identified as 

requiring special needs because of the large number of criminal 

proceedings, large number of visitors, and lack of separate 

circulation routes. With the addition of these 2.5 positions, the 

staffing standard now calls for a total of 348.5 new positions. 

The judiciary requests an additional 20.5 CSO positions in 

FY 2022 to continue the implementation at an estimated cost of 

$1.3 million, of which $1.1 million is for the CSO positions and 

$0.2 million is primarily for one-time charges for program 

administration-related costs for hiring the CSOs. 

With this request, the phased implementation of the new CSO 

staffing standards will be 75 percent complete.

Incremental 

Number of 

CSOs 

Requested

Cumulative 

Number of 

CSOs 

Requested

Total Number 

of CSOs 

Required Per 

Staffing 

Standards

Percent 

Complete

FY 2016 69 69 346 20%

FY 2017 69 138 346 40%

FY 2018 0 138 346 40%

FY 2019 35 173 346 50%

FY 2020 Financial Plan 69 242 346 70%

FY 2021 Assumed Obligations 0 242 346 70%

FY 2022 Request 20.5 262.5 348.5 75%

14. Additional USMS positions

Requested Increase: $284,000 FTE: 3 

The judiciary request $0.3 million for five additional USMS 

positions bringing the total number of judiciary-funded 

positions at the USMS to 88. This request consists of $0.3 

7.25
million for three positions (2 FTE) in the CSO Applications and 

Qualifications branch, which would allow the USMS to better 

identify and mitigate security risks, conduct more robust 

compliance reviews, and increase the efficiency of the CSO 

onboarding process. 

In addition, the request includes two positions (1 FTE) for the 

CSO radio communications program. The FY 2020 financial 

plan included two contractors to support the CSO radio 

communications program for $0.3 million. However, due to the 

sensitive nature of the work, the USMS determined that these 

positions need to be filled with permanent employees rather 

than contractors. The additional staff are needed to meet 

industry standards for maintaining CSO radios and equipment 

(e.g. repeaters, antennas, base stations, routers, power supplies, 

etc.). Without the additional staff, USMS will be unable to 

replace radios and antennas on a cyclical basis and rather only 

on an as-needed basis. Though the USMS authorized staffing 

level will increase by two positions, no additional funding is 

required. 

FINANCING THE FY 2022 REQUEST

ANTICIPATED CARRYFORWARD BALANCES FROM 

FY 2021 AND PRIOR YEARS INTO FY 2022

Estimated Funds Available: $15,000,000 

The judiciary projects $15.0 million will be available through 

anticipated savings and prior-year recoveries to carry forward 

from FY 2021 into FY 2022 to offset partially the FY 2022 

appropriation request for the Court Security program. The 

judiciary will advise the appropriations subcommittee staffs of 

changes to this estimate.

7.26