UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS 

NO. 00-0418

DENNIS A. SVEHLA, APPELLANT,

V.

ANTHONY J. PRINCIPI,

SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, APPELLEE.

On Appeal from the Board of Veterans' Appeals

(Argued November 14, 2002 Decided June 25, 2003 )

Daniel G. Krasnegor, with whom Christopher A. Glaser was on the brief, both of

Washington, D.C., for the appellant.

Kenneth A. Walsh, with whom Tim S. McClain, General Counsel; R. Randall Campbell,

Assistant General Counsel; and Brian B. Rippel, Deputy Assistant General Counsel, all of

Washington, D.C., were on the brief for the appellee.

Before FARLEY, STEINBERG, and GREENE, Judges.

GREENE, Judge, filed the opinion of the Court. STEINBERG, Judge, filed a concurring

opinion.

GREENE, Judge: The veteran, Dennis A. Svehla, appeals, through counsel, a December 30,

1999, decision of the Board of Veterans' Appeals (Board) that denied an effective date earlier than

November 1, 1995, for the payment of his Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) disability

compensation benefits. Record (R.) at 8. Mr. Svehla asserts that the Board erred by concluding that

he had been notified, in 1968, that payment of his VA compensation would not commence until he

elected compensation or waived his military retired pay. Appellant's (App.) Supplemental (Suppl.)

Brief (Br.) at 4, 10-11. He argues that the Court should reverse the Board decision and direct that

the proper effective date for the payment of his VA compensation benefits was the first day that he

no longer received Temporary Disability Retirement List (TDRL) benefits. Alternatively, he argues
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that the Board decision should be vacated and the matter remanded on the basis that the Board's

discussion lacks an adequate statement of reasons or bases. Id. at 4. This appeal is timely, and the

Court has jurisdiction under 38 U.S.C. §§ 7252(a) and 7266. The Court agrees that there was error

and will therefore reverse and remand.

I. FACTS

The facts are not in dispute. Mr. Svehla served on active duty in the U.S. Marine Corps from

December 1964 to July 1967. R. at 3, 28. In December 1966, after a criminal proceeding in the

United States District Court for the District of Columbia, he was found not guilty by reason of

insanity, but also was ordered admitted to St. Elizabeths Hospital in Washington, D.C., for

psychiatric observation and treatment. R. at 22. On August 1, 1967, the U.S. Marine Corps placed

him on the TDRL and awarded him a disability rating of 30%; this rating was increased to 100% on

December 28, 1967. R. at 34. (Although the exact date on when Mr. Svehla's TDRL status ended

is unclear from the record, it appears that it ended in 1969. See R. at 117.)

In October 1967, Sol Rosen, Esq., on behalf of Mr. Svehla, filed with a VA regional office

(RO) an application for compensation for service connection for "Mental Illness – Schizophrenic

Reaction, Chronic Undifferentiated Type." R. at 13. Accompanying the application was a cover

letter, written on Mr. Rosen's professional letterhead, which stated as follows: "I am enclosing

herewith the claim for disability benefits from the V.A. for my client Dennis Svehla, who is

incarcerated in St. Elizabeth's [sic] Hospital. I would appreciate it greatly if you would advise me

of the future processing of his claim for benefits." Id. An RO letter, dated later in October 1967,

to Mr. Svehla, was addressed "c/o Sol Z. Rosen." R. at 20. 

In July 1968, the RO granted Mr. Svehla service connection for, inter alia, schizophrenic

reaction, chronic, undifferentiated type, rated as 100% disabling. R. at 28-29. On July 26, 1968, the

RO issued, on a form entitled "Disallowance Disability or Death Claim" (VA Form 21-523), a

statement that Mr. Svehla's benefits were being "disallowed," noting the following reason: "Veteran

on Active Duty or in Receipt of Retired Pay." Suppl. R. at 55. The form also contained a mark next

to a box designated "Notice to a Retired Veteran of His Right of Election to Receive Disability

Compensation." Id. There is nothing in the record to indicate that this form was sent to either Mr.
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Svehla or Mr. Rosen. However, on August 1, 1968, a letter from the RO was sent to Mr. Svehla,

addressed "C/O St. Elizabeths Hospital", stating as follows: "Your claim for compensation has been

carefully considered on the basis of all the evidence, including reports received from the Service

Department. The evidence establishes that [y]our nervous disorder, incurred in peacetime and

Vietnam era[,] is 100% disabling from 8-1-67." R. at 32. The letter indicated that enclosed was a

copy of VA Form 21-651 (Election of Compensation in Lieu of Retired Pay or Waiver of Retired

Pay to Secure Compensation from Department of Veterans Affairs), but the record does not include

a copy of that form. See R. at 32. Neither this letter nor any other letter in the Record on Appeal

(ROA) mentions or refers to the July 26, 1968, "disallowance" form (that is, the VA Form 21-523).

See R. at 20-40; Suppl. R. at 1-15. However, after receiving a medical report from Dr. Elizabeth R.

Strawinsky, a physician at St. Elizabeths Hospital (R. at 37), the RO sent Mr. Svehla a September

10, 1968, letter, stating as follows:

The evidence does not warrant any change in the previous determination. The above

cited report shows continued improvement in your service-connected condition.

Your evaluation as 100% disabl[ed] is continued. If you wish to receive

compensation, you should complete Section I of the [VA Form] 21-651 sent to you

on August 1, 1968[,] and return it to this office.

R. at 40. Nothing in the ROA reveals that any further action was taken on this matter between 1968

and 1995.

In October 1995, Mr. Svehla contacted VA and asked about the status of his benefits. R. at

42. After receiving a reply from the RO, he filed, on December 26, 1995, a VA Form 21-651. R.

at 54. In February 1996, the RO informed Mr. Svehla that VA would begin paying his disability

compensation benefits effective February 1, 1996. R. at 57. In April 1996, Mr. Svehla wrote to the

RO protesting the nonpayment of compensation from November 1995 to February 1996, and

inquiring about his entitlement to these benefits since the date of his original application for

compensation in 1967. R. at 62. The RO issued a decision in which it concluded that November

1, 1995, was the appropriate effective date for his benefits because that was the date that VA

considered his "disallowed" claim was reopened. R. at 65. 

In June 1997, Mr. Svehla filed a Notice of Disagreement (NOD) as to the RO decision. R. at

86. He asserted: "I feel that since I was rated 100% at the original time, for psychiatric reason, I did
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not understand. I never received your original letters sent to me at St. Elizabeth's [sic] Hospital, in

Washington, D.C., which was a psychiatric facility." Id. At a later hearing before the Board, Mr.

Svehla testified under oath that, until after February 1996, he had been unaware of the date of his

award of service connection for his mental disability, and again complained that he had never

received copies of the August and September 1968 RO decision letters. R. at 116-17. 

On December 30, 1999, the Board denied an effective date earlier than November 1, 1995.

R. at 3. Relying on Jones (Raymond) v. West, 12 Vet.App. 98, 101-02 (1998), the Board found that

the presumption of regularity attached to the RO's mailing of the August and September 1968

decision letters, and that that presumption was not rebutted although the letters to Mr. Svehla

contained an incomplete address (the full and correct address had been included in Mr. Svehla's

application for benefits). R. at 4-5. Concerning Mr. Svehla's other arguments, the Board

determined:

According to testimony presented at hearing, the veteran has not received retirement

pay since 1968. Therefore, at the time he filed his October 1995 claim, he was not

required to submit an election to receive VA compensation and the exception noted

in 38 U.S.C.[] § 3.400(j) was inapplicable.

. . . .

. . . Inasmuch as the evidence establishes that the veteran did not submit a claim prior

to October 1, 1995, or an election to receive VA compensation between August 1968

and January 1996, the Board finds that the requirements for entitlement to an

effective date prior to November 1, 1995, for payments of VA compensation have not

been met. The veteran's claim must therefore be denied.

R. at 7. Mr. Svehla then appealed to this Court.

II. ANALYSIS

In 1968, VA regulations provided that a veteran "entitled to [military] retirement pay as well

as [VA] pension or compensation may elect which of the benefits he desires to receive," but may not

receive both concurrently. 38 C.F.R. § 3.750(a), (b) (1967). This regulation continues to exist and

remains unchanged in substance today. 38C.F.R. § 3.750(a),(b) (2002). The issue presented by this

appeal is whether the appellant received adequate notice of his right of election. 
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Mr. Svehla argues that the Board's reliance on the presumption of regularity to establish that

notice concerning his right of election under § 3.750(b) was provided is erroneous because the Board

did not recognize that the RO had failed to provide his attorney, Sol Z. Rosen, with notice and copies

of the 1968 RO decisions. Suppl. Br. at 11. The Secretary responds that under the then-applicable

VA regulations, 38 C.F.R. §§ 19.130 ("attorneys or agents admitted to practice before Veterans

Administration") and 19.131 ("other persons as representative") (1967), VA required attorneys to

provide a written declaration containing certain specific information before they would be considered

as a veteran's representative, and therefore remand is not required. Secretary's (Sec'y) Suppl. Br. at

13. The Secretary's argument misses the mark.

Mr. Svehla's initial claim for VA benefits was filed by Mr. Rosen (R. at 13-18) who

unequivocally on his professional letterhead identified Mr. Svehla as his client ("I am enclosing

herewith the claim for disability benefits from the V.A. for my client Dennis Svehla . . .") and who

specifically requested that VA "advise [him] of the future processing of [Mr. Svehla's] claim for

benefits." R. at 13 (emphasis added). The RO complied with Mr. Rosen's request by sending an

October 1967 letter to the claimant "c/o Sol Z. Rosen." R. at 20. Mr. Svehla has not, at any stage

of this case, ever claimed that Mr. Rosen was not acting as his representative when his disability

compensation claim was before the RO, or at any other time, for that matter. 

At the time VA received Mr. Svehla's claim, VA regulation 38 C.F.R. § 1.524 (1967)

provided in pertinent part: "A duly authorized representative will be any person authorized in

writing by the claimant to act for him, or his legally constituted fiduciary, if the claimant is

incompetent." Cf. 38 C.F.R. § 3.155 (1967) ("Any communication or action, indicating an intent to

apply for one or more benefits under the laws administered by the Veterans Administration, from

a claimant, his duly authorized representative, a Member of Congress, or some person acting as next

friend of a claimant who is not sui juris may be considered an informal claim" (emphasis added)).

Section 1.524 would apply in Mr. Svehla's case if there were (1) written authorization allowing Mr.

Rosen to "act for" Mr. Svehla, or (2) a finding that Mr. Svehla was incompetent at the time, and that

Mr. Rosen was his fiduciary. Although there is neither a copy of any such authorization nor any

evidence in the file to show a finding by VA that Mr. Svehla was incompetent, on the record before

the Court Mr. Rosen clearly claimed to represent Mr. Svehla. Furthermore, the RO, by sending a
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letter to Mr. Rosen as he had requested VA to do when he filed Mr. Svehla's claim (R. at 20), clearly

recognized Mr. Rosen as his "duly authorized representative." 

The Secretary, in support of his contention that VA never recognized Mr. Rosen as Mr.

Svehla's representative in this case, cites to regulations such as those in Part 19 of title 38, Code of

Federal Regulations, which, in addition to § 1.524, help VA to determine whether a veteran is

represented. However, these regulations also serve to shield veterans from unauthorized people

taking action in their names. It would be an odd result, to say the least, were the Court today to hold

that an attorney such as Mr. Rosen was not the duly authorized representative when, as noted, he had

filed with VA Mr. Svehla's claim, informed VA that Mr. Svehla was his client, and was recognized

as Mr. Svehla's representative by VA, and when Mr. Svehla has never contested his representation.

Absent specific legal authority and detailed procedural compliance and advance explanation, these

regulations are not intended to be and should not be used as a sword against veterans to divest them

of legitimate representation. 

Moreover, if the RO had any question about whether Mr. Rosen was Mr. Svehla's

representative, or if there were any doubt as to the viability of Mr. Rosen's representation of Mr.

Svehla, it was the RO's obligation to seek to ensure the accuracy of such a determination, especially

given Mr. Svehla's mental condition at that time. When the RO was sending notices to Mr. Svehla

at St. Elizabeths Hospital, his diagnosed mental condition met the definitions in VA regulations for

someone experiencing "[a]ctive psychotic manifestations" and "complete social and industrial

inadaptability." 38 C.F.R. § 4.132 (1967). Also, the evidence of record revealed then and reveals

now that in a November 16, 1967, letter to VA, Dr. Adler, a psychiatrist at St. Elizabeths Hospital,

described Mr. Svehla's condition as follows:

At the time of his admission to the Hospital[,] he displayed a noteworthy lack

of affective depth and flexibility. Although he was not productive of ideation

which could clearly be defined as psychotic, his childish and shallow attitude

towards the offense of which he was accused definitely indicated severe

impairment in judgment and insight. A full batteryof psychological tests was

administered to the patient, the results of which indicated that his reality

testing is faulty to a degree which can be called psychotic. Because of the

presence of marked autistic tendencies and an affect disturbance, it was the

conclusion of the Hospital staff that the patient should be diagnosed as having

a Schizophrenic Reaction, Chronic Undifferentiated Type. . . . Diagnosis:
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Schizophrenic Reaction, Chronic Undifferentiated Type. Prognosis: Fair to

poor.

R. at 22. The Secretary, therefore, was on notice of the severity of Mr. Svehla's mental disability.

Taking a veteran's specific disabilities into consideration when processing a veteran's claim

is not a concept foreign to VA adjudications. See, e.g., VA Manual M21-1, pt. III, ch. 11, para.

11.09 ("When corresponding with or processing the claim of a veteran with visual impairment

evaluated as 70 percent or more disabling, . . . [the RO] will print the message 'VISUALLY

IMPAIRED VSR NOTIFICATION REQ.' in the remarks section of the award print. The Public

Contact Team will call the veteran to relate the letter's content."). The need for special caution in

the adjudication of claims involving veterans who are rated 100% disabled for mental disorders is

self-evident. Yet, neither the RO in the initial adjudications ofthis case nor the Board in the decision

before us on review appear to have considered Mr. Svehla's mental condition despite the clear

evidence of its seriousness. Indeed, neither the RO nor the Board noted that while Mr. Svehla was

a patient at St. Elizabeths Hospital and during the time that VA was adjudicating his claim, there

existed, and continues to exist today, a VA regulation applying specifically to individuals who are

patients at that psychiatric facility:

Benefits due or becoming due any person who is a patient at St.

Elizabeths Hospital will be paid to a duly appointed fiduciary of such person.

The benefits payable to a veteran who has no wife, child, or dependent parent

will be paid by an institutional award in accordance with § 3.852 if there is

no such fiduciary. Benefits payable to veterans' dependents who are patients

at this hospital will be paid only to a fiduciary of such dependent, except that

any awards now being paid to the superintendent will be continued while

such dependent remains a patient.

38 C.F.R. § 3.851 (1967); see also 38 C.F.R. § 3.851 (2002). These protective procedures for

dealing with claimants who have special problems, along with the Manual M21-1 provision cited

above, stand in stark contrast to the provision of notice of election supposedly provided to Mr.

Svehla under a "presumption of regularity." The special protections provided to patients at St.

Elizabeths Hospital by § 3.851 should not be read in isolation, for to do so would create a dichotomy

whereby a claimant suffering from a mental disorder would be entitled to no special procedures in
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the adjudication of his or her claim but would become entitled to such procedure later in the

proceedings when benefits are paid. There could be no acceptable rationale for such a distinction.

Thus, for these reasons and under the circumstances presented by this case, we hold that Mr.

Rosen was Mr. Svehla's duly authorized representative when Mr. Rosen filed the claim for VA

benefits on Mr. Svehla's behalf and specifically identified Mr. Svehla as "my client," and when Mr.

Rosen was recognized as Mr. Svehla's representative by the RO in October 1967. Mr. Svehla was

entitled to have Mr. Rosen, as Mr. Svehla's representative, receive copies of all correspondence

concerning decisions on Mr. Svehla's claim, including notice of his right of election, or, at a

minimum, to receive notice from VA that it was no longer recognizing Mr. Rosen as Mr. Svehla's

representative and the reason or reasons why. See 38 C.F.R. §§ 1.524, 19.109 (1967); see also

38 C.F.R. § 3.851 (1967). Failure to provide such notice to his "duly authorized representative"

vitiates the effectiveness of any notification sent to Mr. Svehla in this case. See generally Austin v.

Brown, 6 Vet.App. 547, 551-52 (1994) (discussing "considerations of fair process"); Thurber v.

Brown, 5 Vet.App. 119, 123 (1993) (noting "'underlying concepts of procedural regularity and basic

fair play'" (quoting Gonzales v. United States, 348 U.S. 407, 411-12 (1955)). Accordingly, the Board

erred in determining that Mr. Svehla received adequate notice of the decision concerning his VA

benefits and his right of election of benefits under 38 C.F.R. § 3.750(a) and (b) and the consequences

thereof. 

Because of the Board's error, it did not have the opportunity to address 38 C.F.R. § 3.750(b),

which provided: "In initial determinations, elections may be applied retroactively if the claimant was

not advised of his right of election and the effect thereof." 38 C.F.R. § 3.750(b) (1967). (The current

provision is the same.) Therefore, because Mr. Svehla was not "advised of his right of election and

the effect thereof" pursuant to § 3.750(b), the Board's decision will be reversed and the matter

remanded to provide the Board with the opportunity to determine whether Mr. Svehla's election

should be "applied retroactively."

We caution, however, that in making this determination, we do not, indeed cannot, hold that

the decision to grant VA benefits to Mr. Svehla, and the accompanying effective date of such award,

is somehow a matter still pending due to insufficient notice. Mr. Svehla has not challenged that

Board determination, and there is no indication that that determination was "adverse to the claimant"
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under 38 U.S.C. § 7261(a)(4), as amended by the Veterans Benefits Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-

330, § 401, 116 Stat. 2820, 2832 (Dec. 6, 2002). 

III. CONCLUSION

Upon consideration of the foregoing analysis, the ROA, and the parties' pleadings, the Court

reverses the December 30, 1999, Board decision and remands the matter to the Board with directions

to determine whether Mr. Svehla's election should be "applied retroactively" and, if so, to determine

both the proper date for the commencement of payments in this case and the proper amount of any

past-due payments. In so doing, the Board should be mindful of the effect, if any, of the veteran's

receipt of TDRL benefits at a rate of 30% (rather than 100%) during the first three months of his

eligibility for VA disability compensation. R. at 29, 34. 

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

STEINBERG, Judge, concurring: Although I join in the Court's opinion, I write separately

to stress how far afield I find the Secretary's position to be in this case. Instead of taking into account

(1) the question of Mr. Svehla's competency at the time of the initial decision on his claim, (2) that

he had an attorney with whom VA did not maintain communication regarding the claim submitted

by that attorney, and (3) that VA itself had a specific regulation, 38 C.F.R. § 3.851 (1967),

establishing special procedures to govern payment of VA benefits to veteran inpatients at St.

Elizabeths Hospital, VA chose to exalt technicality over fundamental fairness. By denying the

veteran's claim for VA disability compensation, to which he was clearly entitled for some 26 years

but for the lack of a simple written statement that he wished to waive receipt of his military retired

pay after its apparent termination in 1969, the Secretary has adopted a position that is incompatible

with both the nonadversarial nature of the VA adjudication system and VA's mission to serve and

care for our nation's veterans. See Brown v. Gardner, 513 U.S. 115, 118 (1994) (stating, in context

of statutory interpretation, "interpretive doubt is to be resolved in the veteran's favor"); Hodge v.

West, 115 F.3d 1356, 1362 (Fed. Cir. 1998) (stating that "[t]his court and the Supreme Court both

have long recognized that the character of the veterans' benefits statutes is strongly and uniquely proclaimant" and describing "the historicallynon-adversarial system of awarding benefits to veterans");
10

Trilles v. West, 13 Vet.App. 314, 326 (2000) (describing "the VA pro-claimant nonadversarial claims

adjudication process"). What CircuitJudge Plager wrote recently in dissent applies equally to VA's

posture in this case: "What I find most troubling is the insistence by the Government, represented

before us by the Department of Justice, to define the Government's justice as a 'win' on any basis

possible." Schism v. United States, 316 F.3d 1259, 1311 (Fed. Cir. 2002) (Plager, J., dissenting),

cert. denied, __ U.S. __, No. 02-1226, 2003 WL 835021 (June 2, 2003).