UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS

MISC. NO. 12-20

IN RE: RULES OF PRACT ICE AND PROCEDURE

O R D E R

 Pursuant to the authority of 38 U.S.C. §§ 7263(b) and 7264(a) and consistent with 28 

U.S.C. § 2071(b), the Court has added Rule 22 (FILING A REQUEST FOR CLASS CERTIFICATION AND 

CLASS ACTION (RCA)) and Rule 23 (ACTION ON REQUEST FOR CLASS CERTIFICATION AND CLASS 

ACTION (RCA)) and revised Rule 15 (INTERVENTION)to its Rules of Practice and Procedure. A 

proposed revision was published for public comment by MISC. NO. 06-20 (January 13,

2020). 

The Court benefited from public comment and from the views of its Rules Advisory 

Committee. Accordingly, it is

ORDERED that the attached addition of Rules 22 and 23 and revision of Rule 15 are 

hereby published and are effective this date. 

DATED: November 10, 2020 FOR THE COURT:

 /s/Gregory.O. Block

GREGORY O. BLOCK

 Clerk of the Court

Attachment
U.S. Vet. App. Rule 22. Filing a Request for Class 

Certification and Class Action (RCA)

(a) Relief from the Court on a class action basis may only be sought by 

represented parties in an action commenced by the filing of (1) a Notice of 

Appeal or (2) a petition under the All Writs Act. A party seeking relief on a 

class wide basis must file a Request for Class Certification and Class 

Action (RCA) with the Clerk with proof of service on the respondent(s) and

the Secretary (if not a respondent). The RCA shall:

(1) define the class on whose behalf the RCA is filed; 

(2) address with specificity and detail each of the factors in Rule 23(a); 

(3) explain the reasons why a decision granting relief on a class action 

basis would serve the interests of justice to a greater degree than would 

a precedential decision granting relief on a non-class action basis;

(4) address each of the factors in Rule 23(f)(1)(A); 

(5) state the precise relief sought on behalf of the class, the reasons 

why such relief should be granted, and the legal authorities that support 

the requested relief; 

(6) state the facts, if any, (i) that are relevant to the question whether 

class certification is warranted or the question whether injunctive or 

corresponding relief is appropriate respecting the class as a whole; (ii) 

that are not known to the party seeking relief on a class action basis; 

and (iii) as to which the Secretary has exclusive knowledge and control; 

and

(7) include an appendix containing copies of documents necessary to 

understand and support the RCA.

(b) Time for Filing RCA. 

(1) For RCAs filed in the context of an appeal of a final decision of the 

Board of Veterans' Appeals, the RCA must be filed within 45 days after

(i) the Secretary serves a copy of the record before the agency, or

(ii) resolution of a dispute as to the preparation or content of the record 

before the agency, whichever is later. 
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(2) RCAs filed in the context of a petition must be filed within 30 days 

after the filing of the petition.

(3) On motion, the Court may extend the deadline for filing an RCA 

consistent with the requirements established in Rule 26(b).

(c) Form and Length. Except by permission of the Court, an RCA may not 

exceed 30 pages and must comply with the form requirements in Rule 32 

(Form of Briefs, Appendices, and Other Documents) for principal briefs.

(d) Docketing. Upon receipt of an RCA, the Clerk will note the request on 

the docket of the underlying appeal or petition and send notice to all parties.

A party may move for bifurcation of the RCA matter, or the Court may order 

bifurcation in the interest of judicial efficiency. If bifurcation is ordered, the 

RCA will proceed as a separate action with a separate docket number. 

(e) Payment of Fees. A $400 nonrefundable filing fee, payable to “U.S. 

Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims,” shall be submitted with an RCA or 

received by the Court not later than 14 days after the filing of the RCA. The 

requirements of Rule 24 (Waiver of Filing Fee) apply to RCAs filed under this 

Rule.

(f) Public Notice. Upon receipt of an RCA, the Clerk shall:

(1) place a notice on the home page of the Court’s website providing a 

link to the docket containing the pending RCA; and 

(2) provide notice of each RCA filed at the Court to those organizations, 

law firms, attorneys, and agents who have informed the Court that they 

wish to be notified of the filing of such RCAs in a manner determined by 

the Clerk. 

Practitioner’s Note: Practitioners may move the Court for a stay of 

proceedings if they are reviewing a matter to assess whether to file 

an RCA. Filing an RCA under this Rule does not automatically stay 

proceedings in any pending appeal or petition.
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U.S. Vet. App. Rule 23. Action on a Request for 

Class Certification and Class Action (RCA)

(a) Prerequisites. One or more members of a class may submit an RCA as 

representative parties on behalf of all members only if:

(1) the class is so numerous that consolidating individual actions in the 

Court is impracticable;

(2) there are questions of law or fact common to the class;

(3) the legal issue or issues being raised by the representative parties on 

the merits are typical of the legal issues that could be raised by the 

class; 

(4) the representative parties will fairly and adequately protect the 

interests of the class; and

(5) the Secretary or one or more official(s), agent(s), or employee(s) of 

the Department of Veterans Affairs has acted or failed to act on grounds 

that apply generally to the class, so that final injunctive or other 

appropriate relief is appropriate respecting the class as a whole.

(b) Processing the RCA. 

(1) Action on the RCA.

(A) If the RCA lacks sufficient specificity and detail, the Court may

order the proponent to provide sufficient specificity and detailed 

information within a fixed period of time.

(B) A proponent may amend the RCA once as a matter of course 

within 21 days after serving it, and otherwise only with the Court's 

leave. The Court should freely give leave when justice so requires. 

(2) Staff Conference and Response.

(A) The Court may determine that the RCA should be dismissed or 

denied without need for either a Rule 33 Staff Conference or a 

response from the respondent. Alternatively, the Court may order 

the respondent to serve and file a response to the RCA within a fixed

period of time, not to exceed 90 days, and may order the parties to 
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participate in a Rule 33 Staff Conference either before or after a 

response is filed. In the response, the respondent shall include:

(i) a statement as to whether the respondent opposes class 

certification and, if so, the reasons for that opposition addressing

with specificity the issues raised in the RCA;

(ii) if the Secretary does not concede numerosity, the 

Secretary’s reasons for such opposition and a statement of the 

actual or estimated number of putative class members, if 

feasible, or an explanation as to why the number of putative 

class members cannot be determined or estimated; and

(iii) a statement of the facts necessary to respond to allegations 

in the RCA that the respondent has acted or failed to act with 

respect to the putative class and, if ordered by the Court, an 

appendix containing documents that evidence the foregoing 

facts. 

(B) Form and Length. Except by permission of the Court, the response 

may not exceed 30 pages and must comply with the form 

requirements in Rule 32 (Form of Briefs, Appendices, and Other 

Documents) for principal briefs.

(3) Reply. The Court may grant leave for the RCA proponent to file a 

reply to the response. 

(c) Certification Order; Notice to Class Members; Judgment; Issue 

Classes; Subclasses.

(1) Certification Order.

(A) Action by the Court. At an early practicable time after the RCA

and response and reply, if ordered, have been filed, the Court will 

determine by order whether to certify the action as a class action.

Within 14 days after issuance of the Court's order on certification, 

any party may file a motion to stay proceedings to permit the filing 

of an appeal of the Court's grant or denial of class certification.

(B) Defining the Class; Appointing Class Counsel. An order that 

certifies a class action must define the class and the class claims, 

issues, or defenses, and must appoint class counsel under Rule 

23(f). An order certifying a class may serve only to commence the 
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class action proceeding and direct further action of the parties or 

may address all relief sought and conclude Court action on the RCA.

(C) Altering or Amending the Order. An order that grants or denies 

class certification may be altered or amended before final judgment.

(2) Notice to Class Members. For any class certified under this Rule, the 

Court need not, but may, direct notice to the class.

(3) Judgment. Whether or not favorable to the class, the judgment in a 

class action must include and describe those whom the Court finds to be 

class members.

(4) Particular Issues. When appropriate, an action may be brought or 

maintained as a class action with respect to particular issues.

(5) Subclasses. When appropriate, a class may be divided into 

subclasses that are each treated as a class under this Rule.

(d) Managing the Action.

(1) In General. In managing the litigation of a class action proceeding 

under this Rule, the Court may issue all orders that it deems necessary 

and proper.

(2) Combining and Amending Orders. An order under Rule 23(d)(1) may 

be altered or amended from time to time and may be combined with an 

order under Rule 33.

(e) Settlement, Voluntary Dismissal, or Compromise. Once a class is 

certified, the claims, issues, or defenses of a certified class may be settled, 

voluntarily dismissed, or compromised only with the Court's approval. The 

following procedures apply to a proposed settlement, voluntary dismissal, or 

compromise:

(1) The Court must direct notice in a reasonable manner to all class 

members who would be bound by the proposal.

(2) If the proposal would bind class members, the Court may approve it 

only after a hearing and on finding that it is fair, reasonable, and 

adequate.

(3) The parties seeking approval must file a statement identifying any 

agreement made in connection with the proposal.
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(4) Any class member may object to the proposal if it requires Court 

approval under this subdivision (e); the objection may be withdrawn 

only with the Court’s approval.

(f) Class Counsel.

(1) Appointing Class Counsel. Unless a statute provides otherwise, the 

Court must appoint class counsel. In appointing class counsel, the 

Court:

(A) must consider:

(i) the work counsel has done in identifying or investigating 

potential claims in the action;

(ii) counsel's experience in handling class actions, other complex 

litigation, and the types of claims asserted in the action;

(iii) counsel's knowledge of the applicable law; and

(iv) the resources that counsel will commit to representing the 

class;

(B) may consider any other matter pertinent to counsel's ability to 

fairly and adequately represent the interests of the class;

(C) may order potential class counsel to provide information on any 

subject pertinent to the appointment and to propose terms for 

attorney fees and nontaxable costs;

(D) may include in the appointing order provisions about the award 

of attorney fees or nontaxable costs under Rule 23(g); and

(E) may make further orders in connection with the appointment.

(2) Standard for Appointing Class Counsel. When one applicant seeks 

appointment as class counsel, the Court may appoint that applicant only 

if the applicant is adequate under Rule 23(f)(1) and (4). If more than 

one adequate applicant seeks appointment, the Court must appoint the 

applicant best able to represent the interests of the class. Class counsel 

shall be designated as the lead representative under Rule 46(b)(1)(D); 

additional representatives may appear with approval of the Court and 

consent of class counsel.
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(3) Interim Counsel. The Court may designate interim counsel to act on 

behalf of a putative class before determining whether to certify the 

action as a class action.

(4) Duty of Class Counsel. Class counsel must fairly and adequately 

represent the interests of the class.

(5) Limitation on Role of Class Counsel.

(A) The role of class counsel is to act as lead counsel on all issues 

related to the class proceedings before the Court.

(B) Representation of class members before the agency is a matter 

between class counsel and class members.

(g) Attorney Fees and Nontaxable Costs. In a certified class action, the 

Court may award reasonable attorney fees and nontaxable costs that are 

authorized by law or by the parties’ agreement. A claim for an award must 

be made by application under Rule 39, at a time the Court sets. Notice of the 

application must be served on all parties.
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Amendment/addition to:

Rule 15. Intervention

. . . . .

(e) In Class Actions. A potential intervenor in a class action shall submit 

for filing with the Clerk a motion for permission to intervene and serve a 

copy on all parties within a reasonable period of time after the date of the 

notice placed by the Clerk on the Court’s website (see Rule 22(f)(1) (Public 

Notice)). The motion shall contain a concise statement of the interest of 

the moving person or organization and the grounds upon which 

intervention is sought.