### F I LE D U. S . COURT OF AP PE ALS E LEVE NTH CI RCUI T N ove m be r 16, 2005 T HOM AS K. KAHN C L E RK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

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________________________ D. C . Do c k e tNo . 0 4 - 6 0 0 2 2 - C R - KA M U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f - A p p e lle e , v ersu s K E N N Y R O N A L L E N , D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

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K enny R on A l l en appeal s hi s 130 -m on th con curr entse nt ence s, i m po se d a f t e rhe pl e d gui l ty t o tw o c ount s of pos s e s s i on w i th i nt e ntt o di s tr i but e f i ve or m or e gr a m s of

c r a c k c oc a i ne w i thi n 1, 000 f e e tof apl a y gr ound i n vi ol a t i on of 21 U . S . C . §§ 841( a ) ( 1) , 860. O n appe a l , he a r gue s tha tthe di s tr i c tc ourte rr e d by c ons i de r i ng s e ve r a l of

hi s pr i ors t a t e s e nt e nc e s unr e l a t e d f orpurpos e s of

s e nt e nc i ng hi m unde rthe F e de r a l S e nt e nc i ng G ui de l i ne s . A l l e n a l s o f i l e d am ot i on r e que s t i ng o ra l arg u m en t. F o r th e r ea so n s s et fo rth m o re fu ll y b elo w , w e a ff irm A ll en ’s s e nt e nc e a nd de ny hi s m ot i on. A lle n p le dg u ilty to th e ab o v e - m e n tio n e d c o u n ts a s c h a r g e d in a n in d ic tm e n t. A cc ordi ng t o the go vernm ent ’ s f ac tual proffe r a tthe pl eahear i ng , t o w hi ch A l l en h a d n o o b

je c tio n , o n D e c e m b e r1 4 , 2 0 0 3 , ac o n f id e n tia l in f

o rm a n t to ld D E A a g e n ts thatA l l en w as re ady t o sel l hi m 10 0 rocks of cra ck cocai ne. A m ee t i ng w as then a rr a nge d, a nd A l l e n s ol d the i nf orm a ntappr oxi m a t e l y 100 r oc ks of c r a c k c oc a i ne i n an areal ocat ed approx i m at el y 375 fe etfr om a pl ay grou nd . T he suspec t ed cr ac k c oc a i ne w a s f

i e l d t e s t e d a s pos i t i ve f

orc oc a i ne a nd w a s l a t e ra na l y z e d a nd det erm i ned t o b e 17 g ra m s of asubst ance cont ai ni ng cr ac k cocai ne. O n January 1 5 , 2 0 0 4 , A l l e n s o l d 1 6 . 6 g r a ms o f c r a c kc o c a i n e t o th e i n f o rma n ta tth e s a me l oc a t i on, appr oxi m a t e l y 375 f e e tf r om apl a y gr ound. B oth s a l e s w e r e m oni t or e d by th e D E A , a n d th e to ta l a m o u n t o f c r a c kc o c a in e s o ld w a s 3 3 .6 g r a m s .3

T h e p resen t en ce i n v est i g at i o n rep o rt(P S I), aft er g ro u p i n g th e tw o co u n t s, cal cu l at ed a b ase o ffen se l ev el o f 3 0 fo r th e sal e o f 3 3 . 6 g ram s o f co cai n e b ase wi th i n 1 0 0 0 f

e e to f ap a rk , p u r s u a n tt o U. S . S . G. § § 2 D1 . 1 ( a ) ( 3 ) a n d ( c ) ( 7 ) . No a dj us tm e nt s , e nha nc e m e nt s , orr e duc t i ons w e r e m a de , f orat ot a l of

f e ns e l e ve l of 30 . A l l en’ s c ri m i nal hi st ory poi nt s w er e t ot al ed at15 , pl ac i ng hi m atcr i m i nal h i st o ry cat eg o ry V I. T h u s, A l l en ’ s g u i d el i n e ran g e w as setat1 6 8 -2 1 0 m o n th s’ im p r is o n m e n t. A m on g the pri or conv i ct i on s use d t o cal cul at e A l l en’ s c ri m i nal hi st ory po i nt s w er e f

ou r s t at e s ent ence s, al l i m po se d o n O ct ob er4, 20 01 . E ac h sent ence w as i m p o sed aft er a p l ea o f n o l o co n t en d ere, an d each sen t en ce w as fo r 3 6 4 d ays’ i m pr i s onm e nt , 15 da y s f ort i m e s e rve d, a l l i m pos e d t o run c onc urr e nt l y . T he char ges and arre st s w er e broken d ow n as f ol l ow s. F i rs t , on A pri l 24 , 20 01 , A l l en w as arre st ed, char ged, and l at erconv i ct ed for dri vi ng w hi l e hi s l i ce nse w as suspended/re vo ked, i n cas e num ber 01-67 51 C F . S ec on d, on M ay10 , 20 01 , A l l en w as arre st ed, char ged, and l at erconv i ct ed for dri vi ng w hi l e hi s l i ce nse w as s us pe nde d a nd f

orpos s e s s i on of

m a r i j ua nai n c a s e num be r01- 7923C F . N e xt , on M a y 2 5 , 2 0 0 1 , A lle n w a s a rr e s te d , c h a r g e d , a n d la te rc o n v ic te d f o rta m p e r in g w ith ph ys i ca l evi dence i n cas e num ber 01-88 28 C F . L as t l y, on Jul y 24, 20 01 , A l l en w as a rr e s t e d, c ha r ge d, a nd l a t e rc onvi c t e d f ordr i vi ng w hi l e hi s l i c e ns e w a s s us pe nde d,4

for r es i st i ng w i tho utvi ol ence , and for di sobeyi ng a s t op si gn i n cas e num ber 0 1 - 1 2 5 8 9 C F . E a c h o f

th e s e c o n v ic tio n s a n d s e n te n c e s , f o rw h ic h s e p a r a te a rr e s ts w e r e m a d e , r e s u lte d in tw o c r im in a l h is to ryp o in ts ap ie c e . A l l e n f i l e d thr e e obj e c t i ons t o the P S I , f i r s ta r gui ng tha the w a s e nt i t l e d t o a th r e e - le v e l r e d u c tio n f

o ra c c e p ta n c e o f

r e s p o n s ib ility u n d e rU .S .S .G . § 3 E 1 .1 . N e xt , he a r gue d tha thi s c r i m i na l hi s t ory poi nt s w e r e i nc orr e c t l y c a l c ul a t e d, a s the c onvi c t i ons l i s t e d i n pa r a gr aphs 45 thr ough 48 w e r e c ons ol i da t e d f ors e nt e nc i ng a nd the s e nt e nc e s r e c e i ve d on e a c h c ha r ge w e r e i de nt i c a l and or de r e d t o run concurrent l y; thu s, he ar gu ed thatthey s ho ul d b e c on si dere d rel at ed. A l l en ar gu ed th a t, s in c e th e s e n te n c e s w e r e r e la te d , h e s h o u ld r e c e iv e ato ta l o f tw o p o in ts f

o ra ll four, drop pi ng hi s c ri m i nal hi st ory t o IV . L as t l y, A l l en re qu es t ed a dow nw ar d departure und erU . S . S . G . § 4 A 1. 3(b)(1) ar gu i ng thathi s c ri m i nal hi st ory c at egory ove r - r e pr e s e nt e d the s e r i ous ne s s of hi s c r i m i na l hi s t ory a nd l i ke l i hood tha the w ou l d com m i tother c ri m es . A se cond addend um w as l at erfi l ed, i n w hi ch A l l en ar gu ed that , because asi ng l e “ sc ore s heet ” w as used du ri ng the consol i dat ed se nt enci ng s f

or the charges l i st ed i n p ar agraph s 45-48 , the ca se s s ho ul d b e tre at ed a s r e la te d , c itin g U n ite d S ta te s v . H e rn a n d e z - M a rtin e z , 3 8 2 F .3 d 1 4 0 4 n .3 ( 1 1 th C i r . 2004) . I n af

orm a l s t a t e m e ntof

obj e c t i ons t o the P S I , A l l e n i ndi c a t e d tha tthe c o n v i c t i o n s i n p a r a g r ap h s 3 4 - 3 5 s h o u l d a l s o b e c o n s i d e r e d r e l a t e d f o rth e s a me5

r e a s o n s . P ar agraph s 34 and 35 i n the P S I i nd i ca t ed that , on Janu ary 9, 19 97 , A l l en w a s a rr e s t e d, c ha r ge d, a nd c onvi c t e d f orpos s e s s i on of

c oc a i ne a nd drug paraph ernal i a and dri vi ng w i th a suspended l i ce nse, and o n F ebruary13 , 19 97 , w as a rr e s t e d, c ha r ge d, a nd c onvi c t e d f orpos s e s s i on of

c oc a i ne a nd c a nnabi s a nd s o l i c i t i n g p r o s t i tu t i o n . Th e c a s e s w e r e d o c k e t e d a s 9 7 - 5 3 3 CF a n d 9 7 - 2 9 8 2 CF, r e s p e c tiv e ly , a n d A lle n w a s s e n te n c e d o n th e s a m e d a y f o rb o th c a s e s , w ith sen t en ces t o ru n co n cu rren t l y. A t s e n te n c in g , th e d is tr ic t c o u rt s u s ta in e d A lle n ’s o b je c tio n w ith r e s p e c t to a c c e pt a nc e of

r e s pons i bi l i ty , a w a r di ng hi m athr e e - l e ve l r e duc t i on, butde ni e d the m ot i on for ado w nw ar d d eparture. A s t o A l l en’ s argum ent s r egar di ng hi s r el at ed se nt ence s the di stri ctcourtfoun d that , no tw i thst andi ng the fa ctthatF l ori da l aw tr e a t e d the s e nt e nc e s a ti s s ue a s c ons ol i da t e d, the gui de l i ne s a nd the H e rna nde z - M a rt i ne z de c i s i on r e qui r e d tha tthe c ourtf i r s tc ons i de rw he the rthe un derl yi ng offe nses ati ss ue w er e s epar at ed by an i nt erveni ng arre stbefore re ac hi ng the i ss ue of w hether the st at e c on sol i dat i on re nd er ed the conv i ct i on s a s r e l a t e d. T hus , i tf

ound tha t , be c aus e the of f e ns e s a ti s s ue w e r e s e pa r a t e d by i nt erveni ng arre st s, the “ si ng l e s core shee t ” hol di ng of H ernand ez -M art i nez w as i nappl i c abl e . A l l e n w a s the n s e nt e nc e d t o 130- m onth c onc urr e nts e nt e nc e s f orAllen was sentence d under ma ndatory guidelines on November 10, 2004, but raise s no 1 issues under United States v. B ooker, 543 U .S. ___, 125 S.C t. 738, 160 L .Ed.2d 621 (2005). Thus , a ny c laim o f error , c on stitutional or statutor y, iswaive d. Se eUnite d State s v . Si lve stri, 40 9 F .3 d 1 31 1, 13 38 n. 18 (1 1th Cir . 2 00 5) (holdingthat th efailureof a n a pp e lla nt to raise Booker issue in his initi al brief waived a ny argument). 6 e a c h c o u n t. O n appe a l , A l l e n a r gue s tha tthe di s tr i c tc ourte rr e d by tr e a t i ng the conv i ct i on s a ti ss ue as un re l at ed and, as a r es ul t , hi s c ri m i nal hi st ory c at egory w as in c o rr e c tly c a lc u la te d . S p e c if ic a lly , A lle n a r g u e s th a t, o n th e b a s is o f f o o tn o te 3 in H ern an d ez-M art i n ez, th e st at e o f F l o ri d a treat ed h i s cases as co n so l i d at ed b ecau se a s i ng l e “ sc ore s heet ” w as used, and con sol i dat ed ca se s are consi dere d rel at ed un der U . S . S . G . § 4 A 1. 2, com m ent . (n. 3). 1 W e r e vi e w adi s tr i c tc ourt ’ s de t e rm i na t i on tha tpr i orc onvi c t i ons a r e not re l at ed un der U . S . S . G . § 4 A 1. 2 for cl ear e rr or. H ernand ez -M art i nez, 38 2 F . 3d at 13 06 . P ursuantt o U . S . S . G . § 4 A 1. 2(a) (2), “ [p] ri or se nt ence s i m po se d i n u nrel at ed c a s e s a r e t o be c ount e d s e pa r a t e l y . ” U . S . S . G . § 4A 1. 2( a ) ( 2) . W he n de t e rm i ni ng w h e th e rp r io rs e n te n c e s a r e r e la te d , th e C o m m e n ta ry to th e G u id e lin e s in s tru c ts th a t: P ri or se nt ence s are no tconsi dere d rel at ed i f they w er e f or offe nses th a t w e r e s e p a r a te d b y a n in te rv e n in g arr e s t ( i.e ., th e d e f e n d a n t is a rr e s te d f

o rth e f ir s t o f f e n s e p r io rto c o m m ittin g th e s e c o n d o f f e n s e ) . O the rw i s e , pr i ors e nt e nc e s a r e c ons i de r e d r e l a t e d i f the y r e s ul t e d f

r om offe nses that(1) occ urre d o n the sa m e occ as i on , (2) w er e partof a s i ngl e c om m on s c he m e orpl a n, or( 3) w e r e c ons ol i da t e d f ortr i a l or7

s e nt e nc i ng. U .S .S .G . § 4 A 1 .2 , c o m m e n t. ( n .3 ) . W e have previ ou sl y hel d that : “ [t ] he l angu age of N ot e 3 i s c l ear. In de t e rm i ni ng w he the rc a s e s a r e r e l a t e d, the f i r s tque s t i on i s a l w a y s w he the rthe u n d e r ly in g o f

f e n s e s a r e s e p a r a te d b y a n in te rv e n in g a rr e s t. T h is in q u iry is pr e l i m i na ry t o a ny c ons i de r a t i on of c ons ol i da t e d s e nt e nc i ng, a s r e f l e c t e d by us e of the w ord ‘ otherw i se . ’ ” U ni t ed S t at es v. H un t er , 32 3 F . 3d 13 14 , 13 22 -23 (11 th C i r. 20 03 ). In H ernand ez -M art i nez, w e a dd re ss ed the i ss ue of w hether “ ca se s are c ons ol i da t e d f

orpurpos e s of

the c r i m i na l hi s t ory c a l c ul a t i ons w he n the de f e nda nt w as se nt ence d b y the sa m e j ud ge on the sa m e dayfor off ense s thatw er e docket ed s e pa r a t e l y a nd tha tr e c e i ve d s e pa r a t e j udgm e nt s . ” H e rna nde z - M a rt i ne z , 382 F . 3d at13 07 . H ow ever , w e r ea ched thati ss ue on l y a ft erno t i ng thatthe part i es had a gr e e d, a s apr e l i m i na ry m a tt e r , tha tthe of f e ns e s a ti s s ue i n tha tc a s e w e r e not s e p a r a te d b y a n in te rv e n in g a rr e s t. I d . I n f ootnot e 3 of

H e rna nde z - M a rt i ne z , w e not e d i n di c t atha t , unde rF l or i da l a w , “ s e nt e nc e s a r e c ons ol i da t e d w he n the y a r e i m pos e d on the s a m e da y , by the s a m e j udge , us i ng the s a m e s c or e s he e t , a nd m a de t o run c onc urr e nt l y . ” I d. a t1308 n. 3 ( c i t a t i ons om i tt e d) . H ow e ve r , the de f e nda ntthe r e di d notr a i s e the i s s ue of wh e th e rh i s s e n t e n c e s we r e c o n s o l i d a t e d u n d e rs t a t e l a w an d , th e r e f o r e , weAllen’s motion for oral argument is, theref ore, D ENIED. 2 8 decl i ned t o add re ss the i ss ue of w hether the G ui del i nes w ou l d al so tre atthem as c o n s o lid a te d f

o rs e n te n c in g p u rp o s e s . I d . H er e, A l l en i s r ai si ng the i ss ue of w hether hi s c as es ar e c on si dere d consol i dat ed un der the G ui del i nes bec ause they are consi dere d as s uch u nd er F l ori da st at e l aw . H ow ever , even i f not e 3 of H ernand ez -M art i nez w er e notdi ct a, w e d e c lin e to a d d r e s s th e is s u e b e c au s e h e r e , u n lik e in H e rn a n d e z - M a rtin e z , it is undi s put e d tha tthe of

f e ns e s a ti s s ue w e r e s e pa r a t e d by i nt e rve ni ng a rr e s t s a nd, th e r e f o r e , u n d e rth e p la in la n g u a g e o f th e G u id e lin e s a n d o u rh o ld in g in H u n te r , it i s unn ec es saryt o add re ss w hether A l l en’ s s ent ence s w er e c on sol i dat ed. S ee U .S .S .G . § 4 A 1 .2 , c o m m e n t. ( n .3 ) ; H u n te r , 3 2 3 F .3 d a t 1 3 2 2 - 2 3 . F o rth e f o r e g o in g r e a s o n s , w e c o n c lu d e th a t A lle n ’s a r g u m e n t la c k s m e r it a nd tha tthe di s tr i c tc ourtc orr e c t l y tr e a t e d the c ha l l e nge d s e nt e nc e s a s s e pa r a t e a nd unr e l a t e d unde rthe G ui de l i ne s . N othi ng i n H e rna nde z - M a rt i ne z ove rrul e d the req u i rem en tth atth e d i stri ctco u rtfi rstco n si d er th e i ssu e o f i n t erv en i n g arrest s, a n d , th e r e f

o r e , w e a f

f i rm. 2 AF F I RME D.