SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

SUMMARY STATEMENT RELATING APPROPRIATION ESTIMATES TO THE CURRENT APPROPRIATION

Fiscal Year 2024 Assumed Appropriation $ 144,208,000

2024

Assumed 

Appropriation

2025 

Requested 

Appropriation

Salaries and Expenses - Mandatory $ 3,073,000 $ 3,188,000

Salaries and Expenses - Discretionary 120,581,000 146,337,000

Salaries and Expenses - Subtotal 123,654,000 149,525,000

Care of the Building and Grounds 20,554,000 13,699,000

Totals 144,208,000 163,224,000

Proposed Increase over Fiscal Year 2024 Assumed Appropriation $ 19,016,000

Total Requested Budget Authority, Fiscal Year 2025 $ 163,224,000

Requirements

1.1
Mandatory Discretionary Total

Fiscal Year 2024 Assumed Appropriation $ 3,073,000 $ 120,581,000 $ 123,654,000

Fiscal Year 2025 Requested Appropriation 3,188,000 146,337,000 149,525,000

Requested Increase from Fiscal Year 2024 Appropriation 115,000 25,756,000 25,871,000

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

SUMMARY STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT REQUIREMENTS

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

 For expenses necessary for the operation of the Supreme Court, as required by

law, excluding care of the building and grounds, including purchase and hire of 

passenger motor vehicles as authorized by 31 U.S.C. 1343 and 1344; not to exceed a

purchase price of $45,000 per vehicle except for protective vehicles and vehicles 

acquired through the General Services Administration; not to exceed $10,000 for

official reception and representation expenses; and for miscellaneous expenses, to be

expended as the Chief Justice may approve, [$120,581,000]$146,337,000, of which 

$1,500,000 shall remain available until expended.

 In addition, there are appropriated such sums as may be necessary under

current law for salaries of the chief justice and associate justices of the court.

(H.R. 4664/S. 2309 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2024,

updated to reflect the judiciary's fiscal year 2024 assumed appropriation)

1.2
FTE Amount FTE Amount FTE Amount

Fiscal Year 2024 Assumed Appropriation 9 3,073 528 120,581 537 123,654

Adjustments to Base to Maintain Current Services*

Page

No. A. Justices

1.16 1. Proposed January 2025 pay adjustment (1.5% for nine months) - 57 - - - 57

1.16 2. Annualization of the 2024 pay adjustment (4.6% for three months) - 45 - - - 45

1.16 3. Benefits increases

a. Health benefits increases - 7 - - - 7 

b. FICA adjustment - 6 - - - 6 

B. Court Support Personnel

1.17 4. Proposed 2025 pay adjustment (2.0% for nine months) - - 1,513 - 1,513

1.17 5. Annualization of the 2024 pay adjustment (5.2% for three months) - - - 1,133 - 1,133

1.17 6. Promotions and within-grade increases - - - 601 - 601

1.17 7. Benefits increases

a. Health benefits increase - - - 232 - 232

b. FICA adjustment - - - 45 - 45

C. Other Adjustments

1.17 8. General inflationary adjustments for contracts, services, supplies, and equipment - - - 942 - 942

1.18 9. Inflationary increase in GSA warehouse space rental costs - - - 13 - 13

Subtotal, adjustments to base to maintain current services - 115 - 4,478 - 4,593

Program Increases

1.18 10. Nine new positions to support security and technology growth - - 4.5 892 4.5 892

1.18 11. Seven new IT security positions - - 3.5 873 3.5 873

1.18 12. Expansion of personal protection for the Justices - - 33 5,810 33.0 5,810

1.19 13. Reassign residential security duties from USMS to Supreme Court Police - - - 13,597 - 13,597

1.19 14. One new research librarian position - - 0.5 106 0.5 106

Subtotal, program increases - - 41.5 21,278 41.5 21,278

Total Appropriation Required, Fiscal Year 2025 9 3,188 569.5 146,337 578.5 149,525

SUMMARY OF REQUEST

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

FISCAL YEAR 2025 REQUIREMENTS ($000)

Mandatory Discretionary Total

*Line items may not sum to totals due to rounding.

1.3
Activity Fiscal Year 2023 

Actual

Fiscal Year 2024 

Assumed

Fiscal Year 2025 

Request

Salaries and Expenses, Total Obligations 115,416 125,653 151,024 

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year

Technology Fund (4,412) (5,307) (3,307) 

Supplemental (5,245) - - 

Unobligated Balance, End of Year

Technology Fund 5,307 3,307 1,807 

Supplemental 5 - - 

Salaries and Expenses (expiring) 1,375 - - 

Appropriations 112,447 123,654 149,525 

Mandatory Appropriation 2,896 3,073 3,188 

Discretionary Appropriation 109,551 120,581 146,337 

Supplemental Appropriation - - - 

Description Fiscal Year 2023 

Actual

Fiscal Year 2024 

Assumed

Fiscal Year 2025 

Request

11 Personnel compensation 60,664 58,200 74,360

12 Personnel benefits 22,476 24,391 31,598

13 Benefits of former personnel 4 6 6

21 Travel 1,746 1,920 2,102

22 Transportation of things 50 97 99

23 Rent, communications and utilities 1,828 1,752 1,789

24 Printing and reproduction 140 472 482

25 Other services 15,867 24,397 25,266

26 Supplies and materials 2,995 2,652 2,711

31 Equipment 9,646 11,766 12,612

Total Obligations 115,416 125,653 151,024

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

OBLIGATIONS BY ACTIVITY ($000)

Object Classification ($000)*

*Line items may not sum to totals due to rounding.

1.4
Fiscal Year 2023 

Actual

Fiscal Year 2024 

Assumed

Fiscal Year 2025 

Request Difference

(+) or (-)

Obligations incurred 115,416 125,653 151,024 25,371

Obligated balance, start of year 12,318 15,282 15,995 713

Obligated balance, end of year (15,282) (15,995) (17,327) (1,332)

Outlays 112,452 124,940 149,692 24,753

Fiscal Year 2023 

Actual

Fiscal Year 2024 

Assumed

Fiscal Year 2025 

Request

Difference

(+) or (-)

Total compensable work years:

 Full-time equivalent employment 488 537 578.5 41.5

Personnel Summary

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

RELATION OF OBLIGATIONS TO OUTLAYS ($000)

*Line items may not sum to totals due to rounding.

1.5
Fiscal Year 2023 

Actual

Fiscal Year 2024 

Assumed

Fiscal Year 2025 

Request

Unobligated Balance, Beginning of the Year 4,412 5,307 3,307

Deposits 1,500 1,500 1,500

Unobligated Balance, End of the Year (5,307) (3,307) (1,807)

Technology Fund, Total Obligations 605 3,500 3,000

FY 2023 Actual: Replacement of cybersecurity systems components including an Intrusion Protection System upgrade due to current 

platform reaching the end of its useful life. Begin evaluation process for VPN laptop refresh. Commence secure printing project. 

Evaluate options, plan for implementation of Multifactor Authentication (MFA) for Court-wide systems. 

FY 2024 Assumed: Begin implementation of Court server and VDI host upgrade. Begin procurement process and rollout of Court-wide VPN laptop

refresh. Begin review of Court wireless refresh requirements. Continuation of cyber-security enhancements. 

FY 2025 Request: Continue Court-wide VPN laptop refresh. Begin procurement process and rollout for Court-wide Thin Client refresh. Replacement

of servers and SAN architecture that are at the end of their life cycle in year 2025. Microsoft Windows and Office Suite upgrade. Continue work on 

Court wireless refresh. Research and begin potential procurement process for Platform / Infrastructure as a Service.

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

TECHNOLOGY FUND OBLIGATIONS AND FINANCING (NO-YEAR FUNDING)

($000)

Activity

1.6
Term* Case Filings 

During Term

Original 

& Paid

In Forma 

Pauperis

Total Cases 

Disposed Of

1980 4,174 970 5,144 2,773 2,371 4,255 889

1981 4,422 889 5,311 2,957 2,354 4,433 878

1982 4,201 878 5,079 2,727 2,352 4,201 878

1983 4,222 878 5,100 2,706 2,394 4,141 959

1984 4,047 959 5,006 2,590 2,416 4,261 745

1985 4,413 745 5,158 2,581 2,577 4,275 883

1986 4,240 883 5,123 2,559 2,564 4,348 775

1987 4,493 775 5,268 2,593 2,675 4,387 881

1988 4,776 881 5,657 2,599 3,058 4,829 828

1989 4,918 828 5,746 2,430 3,316 4,932 814

1990 5,502 814 6,316 2,365 3,951 5,412 904

1991 5,866 904 6,770 2,463 4,307 5,828 942

1992 6,303 942 7,245 2,453 4,792 6,356 889

1993 6,897 889 7,786 2,454 5,332 6,682 1,104

1994 6,996 1,104 8,100 2,526 5,574 7,132 968

1995 6,597 968 7,565 2,467 5,098 6,599 966

1996 6,634 966 7,600 2,435 5,165 6,689 911

1997 6,781 911 7,692 2,439 5,253 6,718 974

1998 7,109 974 8,083 2,394 5,689 7,015 1,068

1999 7,377 1,068 8,445 2,421 6,024 7,332 1,113

2000 7,852 1,113 8,965 2,314 6,651 7,713 1,252

2001 7,924 1,252 9,176 2,218 6,958 8,025 1,151

2002 8,255 1,151 9,406 2,197 7,209 8,337 1,069

2003 7,814 1,068 8,882 2,064 6,818 7,790 1,092

2004 7,496 1,092 8,588 2,045 6,543 7,501 1,087

2005 8,521 1,087 9,608 2,033 7,575 8,209 1,399

2006 8,857 1,399 10,256 2,075 8,181 8,895 1,361

2007 8,241 1,361 9,602 1,974 7,628 8,375 1,227

2008 7,738 1,228 8,966 1,945 7,021 7,824 1,142

2009 8,159 1,142 9,301 1,913 7,388 8,096 1,205

2010 7,857 1,205 9,062 1,895 7,167 7,828 1,234

2011 7,713 1,239 8,952 1,870 7,082 7,656 1,296

2012 7,509 1,297 8,806 1,809 6,997 7,602 1,204

2013 7,376 1,204 8,580 1,874 6,706 7,547 1,033

2014 7,033 1,033 8,066 1,851 6,215 7,006 1,060

2015 6,475 1,060 7,535 1,847 5,688 6,506 1,029

2016 6,305 1,029 7,334 1,857 5,477 6,260 1,074

2017 6,315 1,075 7,390 2,070 5,320 6,206 1,184

2018 6,442 1,184 7,626 1,924 5,702 6,528 1,098

2019 5,411 1,123 6,534 1,828 4,706 5,712 822

2020 5,307 822 6,129 2,147 3,982 5,232 897

2021 4,900 897 5,797 2,001 3,796 5,104 693

2022 4,159 723 4,882 1,533 3,349 4,189 693

*October Term 2022 corresponds with fiscal year 2023.

Table SC.1

Summary of Supreme Court Cases

Carried Over From 

Prior Term Total Cases Total Cases Not Disposed Of

1.7
1980 154 152 122 183

1981 184 170 126 201

1982 183 174 119 179

1983 184 174 81 149

1984 175 159 73 185

1985 171 171 106 187

1986 175 174 109 167

1987 167 160 87 180

1988 170 168 107 147

1989 146 146 80 123

1990 125 125 115 141

1991 127 123 77 121

1992 116 115 113 97

1993 99 99 70 99

1994 94 94 69 96

1995 90 90 120 106

1996 90 90 83 87

1997 96 94 51 90

1998 90 88 59 81

1999 83 79 54 92

2000 86 83 127 99

2001 88 85 72 88

2002 84 79 66 91

2003 91 89 52 87

2004 87 85 826 80

2005 90 82 105 78

2006 78 74 280 77

2007 75 72 208 95

2008 87 83 95 88

2009 82 77 95 78

2010 86 83 84 90

2011 79 73 137 66

2012 77 76 88 93

2013 79 77 72 76

2014 75 75 112 68

2015 82 76 146 81

2016 71 68 71 75

2017 69 63 103 78

2018 72 69 56 86

2019 73 69 105 60

2020 72 69 91 72

2021 70 63 97 74

2022 68 66 57 61

 Table SC.2

Summary of Case Dispositions

Term

Cases Granted Review Cases Reviewed and Decided 

Without Argument 

During Term

Cases Granted Review During 

Term Argued This 

Term

Disposed of by 

Opinion

1.8
Term

1980 1,096 11 32

1981 1,145 7 39

1982 1,077 19 45

1983 1,072 14 76

1984 982 11 62

1985 1,050 6 66

1986 951 11 86

1987 1,001 3 60

1988 1,064 5 90

1989 929 0 71

1990 984 3 55

1991 968 1 74

1992 974 2 76

1993 1,113 5 79

1994 992 5 82

1995 1,067 5 87

1996 935 1 110

1997 985 1 115

1998 1,100 0 133

1999 1,085 0 132

2000 1,145 1 87

2001 1,006 2 91

2002 1,096 3 99

2003 1,064 2 86

2004 1,081 3 68

2005 1,236 2 112

2006 1,243 2 71

2007 1,094 3 20

2008 1,167 2 63

2009 1,268 2 60

2010 1,277 2 65

2011 1,256 1 61

2012 1,251 2 44

2013 1,286 1 73

2014 1,313 0 73

2015 1,303 0 47

2016 1,269 0 43

2017 1,425 0 45

2018 1,369 0 39

2019 1,071 0 32

2020 178 0 27

2021 876 0 15

2022 1,131 0 29

*Some Applications addressed to a Justice are referred to the whole

Court for decision.

Table SC.3

Applications to Individual Justices,

Including Capital Cases

Applications for Relief to 

Individual Justices Chambers Opinions

Applications for Stay 

in Capital Cases*

1.9





GENERAL STATEMENT AND INFORMATION

The Supreme Court Salaries and Expenses account funds salaries of the Chief Justice, eight Associate Justices, and the employees of 

the Court. The account also funds the necessary expenses of the Court, including printing and binding of the Supreme Court reports, 

purchasing books for the Supreme Court, and miscellaneous expenses. 

The fiscal year (FY) 2025 request for the Court totals $149,525,000. The request is the sum of $3,188,000 of mandatory 

appropriations and $146,337,000 of discretionary appropriations, including $1,500,000 of no-year funding for planning and 

implementing periodic Court-wide technology and automation upgrades. 

FISCAL YEAR 2024 APPROPRIATIONS

The judiciary built the FY 2024 discretionary budget request for the Supreme Court Salaries and Expenses account appropriation on 

the FY 2024 current services baseline, which is $120,581,000, reflecting a FY 2024 current services appropriations level. For bill 

language, the judiciary used the language from S. 2309 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Bills, 2024, 

updated to reflect the judiciary's fiscal year 2024 assumed appropriation. 

1.15
ADJUSTMENTS TO BASE TO MAINTAIN CURRENT 

SERVICES

A. JUSTICES

Pay and Benefit Adjustments

1. Proposed 2025 pay adjustment

Mandatory Increase: $57,000 

The judiciary is assuming federal pay rates will increase by 1.5 

percent for Justices in January 2025. The requested increase 

provides for the cost of nine months of the anticipated pay raise 

in FY 2025, from January 2025 to September 2025. (If the pay 

adjustment included in the President’s FY 2025 budget request 

is different from this 1.5 percent guidance, the judiciary will 

revise this line item in its FY 2025 budget re-estimate.)

2. Annualization of 2024 pay adjustment

Mandatory Increase: $45,000

The requested increase provides for the annualized costs of the 

2024 pay adjustment of 4.6 percent for Justices associated with 

the Employment Cost Index (ECI), effective as of January 

2024. The requested increase provides for the cost of three 

months (from October 2024 to December 2024) of the 2024 

pay increase in FY 2025. 

3. Benefits increases

a. Health benefits increase

Mandatory Increase: $7,000 

Based on information from the Office of Personnel 

Management, agency health benefit premium contributions are 

projected to increase by an average of 5.0 percent in January

2024 and January 2025. The requested increase annualizes the 

2024 premium increase and includes a nine-month provision 

for the increase anticipated for FY 2025. 

b. FICA adjustment

Mandatory Increase: $6,000 

Based on information from the Social Security Administration,

employer contributions to the Old Age, Survivor, and 

Disability Insurance (OASDI) portion of the FICA tax will 

increase in 2024. The salary cap for OASDI increased from

$160,200 to $168,600 in January 2024. The requested amount 

is needed to pay the Court’s contribution in FY 2025. 

B. COURT SUPPORT PERSONNEL

Pay and Benefit Adjustments

4. Proposed 2025 pay adjustment

1.16
Requested Increase: $1,513,000

The judiciary is assuming federal pay rates will increase by 2.0 

percent in January 2025. The requested increase provides for 

the cost of nine months of the anticipated pay raise in FY 2025, 

from January 2025 to September 2025. (If the pay adjustment 

included in the President’s FY 2025 budget request is different 

from this 2.0 percent, the judiciary will revise this line item in 

its FY 2025 budget re-estimate.)

5. Annualization of 2024 pay adjustment

Requested Increase: $1,133,000

The requested increase provides for the annualized costs of the 

2024 pay adjustment for Employment Cost Index (ECI) and 

locality pay. As a result of the ECI and locality adjustment, 

federal pay rates increased by an average of 5.2 percent,

effective as of January 2024. The requested increase provides 

for the cost of three months (from October 2024 to December 

2024) of the assumed 2024 pay increase in FY 2025. 

6. Promotions and within-grade increases

Requested Increase: $601,000 

The requested increase provides for promotions and withingrade increases for personnel. The salary plan for judicial 

support personnel provides for periodic within-grade increases 

for staff who receive at least a satisfactory performance rating.

7. Benefits increases

a. Health benefits increase

Requested Increase: $232,000 

Based on information from the Office of Personnel 

Management, health benefit premium contributions are 

projected to increase by an average of 5.0 percent in January

2024 and January 2025. The requested increase annualizes the 

2024 premium increase and includes a nine-month provision 

for the increase anticipated for FY 2025. 

b. FICA adjustment

Requested Increase: $45,000 

Based on information from the Social Security Administration, 

employer contributions to the Old Age, Survivor, and 

Disability Insurance (OASDI) portion of the FICA tax will 

increase in 2024. The salary cap for OASDI increased from

$160,200 to $168,600 in January 2024. The requested amount 

is needed to pay the Court’s contribution in FY 2025. 

C. OTHER ADJUSTMENTS

General Inflationary Adjustments

8. Inflationary increases in charges for contracts, services,

supplies, and equipment

Requested Increase: $942,000 

1.17
Consistent with guidance from the Office of Management and 

Budget, this requested increase is required to fund inflationary 

adjustments of 2.2 percent for operating expenses such as 

travel, communications, printing, contractual services, supplies 

and materials, and furniture and equipment. 

9. Inflationary increase in GSA warehouse space rental

costs

Requested Increase: $13,000 

This request represents a 2.0 percent inflationary increase and 

adjustments in the cost of GSA space rental charges for space 

for FY 2025.

PROGRAM INCREASES

10. Nine new positions to support security and technology

needs

Requested Increase: $892,000 FTE: 4.5 

This request provides funding for nine (9) new positions in the 

following Supreme Court offices: legal (2), procurement (2), 

human resources (2), budget (1), and building support (2). The 

legal, procurement, and human resources offices have not 

grown since at least 1980. Congress last approved a new 

position in the budget office in 2004, to add staff expertise 

needed to operate modern finance and accounting systems, and 

a new position in the building support office in 2007, to assist 

with cleaning, repairs, and maintenance of Court facilities. 

In the last 44 years, expansion in security and information 

technology has caused the Court’s personnel, budget, and 

building services to increase correspondingly. The Court has 

also implemented modern policies and procedures over the 

decades that require trained professionals to administer. As a 

result, all of the offices have seen their workload increase and 

their employees strained. The Court needs additional 

personnel to reinforce current staff and ensure governmentwide best practices are followed. The nine positions are 

prorated at 4.5 FTE, accounting for half of the fiscal year. 

11. Seven new IT security positions

Requested Increase: $873,000 FTE: 3.5 

This request carries over and expands on a request from the FY

2024 submission to address critical network security and data 

integrity needs. The new positions will ensure that the Court is 

able to guard against data loss (through access control and 

encryption) and an increasing number of cyberattacks on both 

internal and external (web-facing) systems and applications. 

The seven positions will add to the Court’s existing 

information security, network administration, and application 

development staff. The request is prorated at 3.5 positions to 

account for half of the fiscal year. 

12. Expansion of personal protection for the Justices

Requested Increase: $5,810,000 FTE: 33 

Beginning in 2018, Congress has provided funding and new 

authorities (P.L. 116-75; P.L. 117-148) to allow the Supreme 

Court Police to protect the Justices in the same manner that 

1.18
executive and legislative branch law enforcement agencies 

protect their officials. Ongoing threat assessments show 

evolving risks that require continuous protection, beyond what 

the Court’s current force allows. This request would fund 33 

new positions, requisite federal law enforcement training, and 

additional equipment. 

13. Reassign residential security duties from USMS to

Supreme Court Police

Requested Increase: $13,597,000 

Since May 2022, the United States Marshals Service (USMS) 

has provided 24/7 protection of the Justices’ residences. This 

mission began on an emergency basis and continues now 

without permanent staffing. Instead, USMS relies on Deputy 

U.S. Marshals in their 94 Districts throughout the country and 

the U.S. territories, on a Temporary Duty (TDY) assignment to 

Washington, DC. This comes at great expense to the agency, 

both in terms of financial cost and impact on its other core 

missions. 

The Supreme Court has primary authority to protect the 

Justices’ residences but lacks the resources to do so. This 

funding request would allow the Supreme Court Police to 

assume this mission and assign officers to the residences. 

Through permanent assignment, they would develop more 

familiarity with procedures for protection of the Justices and 

their residences, leading to improvements in the security 

provided. The Supreme Court Police and the USMS agree that 

this request represents an overall better and permanent solution 

to protecting the Justices compared with attempting to maintain 

the current USMS coverage indefinitely. This request is not 

prorated and assumes initial execution through contract court 

security officers, without an immediate increase in FTEs. 

Supreme Court police officers would assume this responsibility 

from the contractor as hiring allows. 

14. One new research librarian position

Requested Increase: $106,000 FTE: 0.5 

This request would fund one new research librarian position in 

the Court’s Library. The research librarians assist the Justices 

and law clerks with their case work by performing in-depth 

legal research, analysis, and writing. The Library’s research 

department has not added a new position since 2001, while the 

number and complexity of requests from chambers has 

increased over the last 20 years. The position is prorated at 0.5 

FTE, accounting for half of the fiscal year. 

1.19