Fiscal Year 2022 Assumed Appropriation 

Fiscal Year 2023 Appropriation Request  Requested Increase from Fiscal Year 2022 Assumed Appropriation 

APPROPRIATION LANGUAGECOURTS OF APPEALS, DISTRICT COURTS, AND OTHER JUDICIAL SERVICESCOURT SECURITY(INCLUDING TRANSFERS OF FUNDS)

COURTS OF APPEALS, DISTRICT COURTS, AND OTHER JUDICIAL SERVICES

Court SecuritySUMMARY STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT REQUIREMENTS

For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, incident to the provision of protective guard services for United States

courthouses and other facilities housing Federal court or Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts operations, [and ]the procurement,

installation, and maintenance of security systems and equipment for United States courthouses and other facilities housing Federal court 

operations or Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, [including ]building ingress-egress control, inspection of mail and packages, 

directed security patrols, perimeter security, basic security services provided by the Federal Protective Service, and other similaractivities as authorized by section 1010 of the Judicial Improvement and Access to Justice Act (Public Law 100-702),

[$704,824,000]$785,589,000, of which not to exceed $20,000,000 shall remain available until expended, to be expended directly or

transferred to the United States Marshals Service, which shall be responsible for administering the Judicial Facility Security Program

consistent with standards or guidelines agreed to by the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts and the

Attorney General: Provided, That, notwithstanding any other provision of law, funds may be used for identifying, redacting and reducing personally identifiable information on the internet of judges and other persons who live at the judge’s domicile; and managing a Judiciary-wide program to facilitate security and emergency management services among the Judiciary, United States Marshals 

Service, Federal Protective Service, General Services Administration, other federal agencies, state and local governments and the 

public.(H.R 4502 - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2022)
Fiscal Year 2023 Resource Requirements:

Page 

  

A. Adjustments to Base:

1. Pay and benefits adjustments

7.16 

7.16 

7.16 

7.16 

7.17 7.17 

7.17 

7.17 

7.17 

7.18 

7.18 

7.18

7.19 

7.21 

 

Total Current Services Appropriation Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 

Less encumbered carryforward from FY 2021 into FY 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

SUMMARY OF REQUEST

COURT SECURITY

FISCAL YEAR 2023

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

Fiscal Year 2022 Total Obligations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. Annualization for Judiciary Vulnerability Management Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 Less utilization of Judiciary Information Technology Fund (JITF). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Less additional balances for full capabilities of the Judiciary Vulnerability Management Program . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fiscal Year 2022 Assumed Appropriation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

a. Proposed January 2023 pay adjustment (4.6%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

b. Annualization of January 2022 pay adjustment (2.7% for three months) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

c. Promotions and within-grade increases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d. Health Benefits increases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e. FICA adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f. One less compensable day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Annualization of court security officer (CSO) positions (28.5 CSOs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. Annualization of USMS positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less unencumbered carryforward and recoveries from prior years into FY 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less assumed reprogramming of balances for initial costs of Judiciary Vulnerability Management Program . . . . . 

5. FY 2023 CSO contract and wage rate adjustments (3.0%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Inflationary increases in charges for contracts, services, supplies, and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Changes in Federal Protective Service security charges

a. Increase in basic security charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b. Increase in building-specific security charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. Adjustments to base requirements for security systems and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9. Funding adjustment due to a decrease in non-appropriated sources of funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 Subtotal, Adjustments to Base to Maintain Current Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F

Page B. Program Increases / Decreases

7.23 10. New courthouse construction projects

a. Security infrastructure for new courthouse construction projects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

b. CSOs for new courthouse construction projects (7 CSOs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.23 11. CSO staffing for McGirt requirements (16 CSOs) 7.24 12. Court unit emergency management program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.24 13. Courthouse hardening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.24 14. Equipment modernization and cyclical replacement strategy

a. Video management systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

b. USMS staffing positions for video management systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.25 15. Phased implementation (6th Year) of CSO staffing standards (86 CSOs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.25 16. CSO hours restoration (10 hours per CSO position) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.26 17. USMS staffing positions for Judicial Facility Security Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.26 18. Active vehicle barrier preventive maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 

 

Financing the Fiscal Year 2023 Request:

F

 

7.26 

 

Total Fiscal Year 2023 Appropriation Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total Appropriation Increase, Fiscal Year 2022 to Fiscal Year 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Subtotal, Program Increases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Appropriation Required. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Anticipated unencumbered carryforward from FY 2022 and prior years into FY 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Estimated Obligations, Fiscal Year 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
FY 2021

Actual

FY 2022

Assumed

FY 2023

Request

Total Obligations 661,278 739,786 8

(56) (101) 

Court Security (24,269) (34,860) (

(45) - 

 PY Recoveries (1,803) - 

 Transfers (24,703) (15,000) 

101 - 

Court Security (expiring annual) 18,648 - Court Security (no-year) 34,860 15,000 

Appropriation 664,011 704,825 7

 

FY 2021

Actual

FY 2022

Assumed

FY 2023

Request

11.1 Full-Time Permanent 7,780 10,442 

11.5 Other Personnel Compensation 298 - 

12.1 Civilian Personnel benefits 2,956 2,932 

21.0 Travel and Transportation of Persons 1,452 639 22.0 Transportation of Things 44 48 

23.1 Rental Payments to GSA 6,528 7,842 

23.2 Rental Payments to Other 3 - 

23.3 Communications Utilities, and Miscellaneous Charges 1,359 1,633 

25.1 Advisory and Assistance Services 497 - 25.2 Other Services from Non-Federal Sources 5,144 6,747 

25.3 Other Goods and Services from Federal Sources 93,380 86,943 

25.4 Operation and Maintenance of Facilities 427,222 469,896 4

 

25.4 Operation and Maintenance of Equipment 22,715 31,630 

26.0 Supplies and materials 2,227 409 

31.0 Equipment 15,865 19,145 32.0 Land and Structures 73,616 101,333 142.0 Insurance Claims and Indemnities 191 46 

Direct Obligations 661,278 739,685 8

 

Other Obligations (JITF) - 101 Grand Total Obligations 661,278 739,786 8

Description

Activity

COURTS OF APPEALS, DISTRICT COURTS AND OTHER JUDICIAL SERVICES

COURT SECURITY

Obligations by Activity ($000)

Obligations by Budget Object Class ($000)

Unobligated Balance, Start of Year:  Judiciary Information Technology FundDeposits and Other Adjustments:  Judiciary Information Technology FundUnobligated Balance, End of Year:  Judiciary Information Technology Fund
FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 

Actual Assumed Req

Direct Obligations 661,278 739,685 

Obligated balance, start of year 263,189 243,162 

Adjustments for prior year activity (17,054) - Obligated balance, end of year (243,162) (303,518) Total Outlays 664,251 679,329 

Less Offsets (987) (996) 

Net Outlays 663,264 678,332 

FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 

Actual Assumed Req

Total compensable workyears (FTE): United States Marshals Service 65 84 Total, Court Security 65 84 

COURTS OF APPEALS, DISTRICT COURTS AND OTHER JUDICIAL SERVICES

COURT SECURITY

Relation of Direct Obligations to Outlays ($000)

Personnel Summary
7.6

GENERAL STATEMENT AND INFORMATION

The Court Security appropriation funds the necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, incident to the provision of protective 

guard services, and the procurement, installation, and maintenance of security systems and equipment for United States courthouses 

and other facilities housing federal court operations. This includes building access control, inspection of mail and packages, directed 

security patrols, perimeter security, and other similar activities as authorized by 28 U.S.C. § 604(a)(22). 

Federal courthouses are often the most visible symbols of the U.S. Government presence in communities outside of Washington, D.C., 

and, as such, may be considered inviting targets for terrorist attacks. In addition, the judicial process compels the attendance of 

alleged and convicted criminals to its facilities daily, which invites additional risks. At the same time, witnesses, jurors, family 

members of the alleged or convicted criminals, members of the Bar of the Court, the press, court employees, and the public must be 

able to enter and use the buildings. Maintaining the proper balance between ensuring an open court system and having secure court 

facilities is a complex task given the increasing number of threats against the federal judiciary. 

The fiscal year (FY) 2023 Court Security appropriation request of $785,589,000 will provide an appropriate level of security at 

existing court facilities and provide security coverage at new and renovated facilities. It will also allow the judiciary to sustain and 

make progress on several existing major strategic security initiatives, each of which is in a different stage of development, including: 

courthouse hardening; improved physical access control systems (PACS) at courthouses nationwide; security infrastructure and 

additional court security officers (CSOs) for new courthouses; implementation of an equipment modernization and cyclical 

replacement strategy for video management systems (VMS); and completing implementation of the revised CSO staffing standards. 

SECURING THE COURTS

Court security is provided jointly by the Department of Justice’s (DOJ) United States Marshals Service (USMS) and the Department 

of Homeland Security’s (DHS) Federal Protective Service (FPS). By statute, the USMS has primary responsibility for the security of 

the federal judiciary, including the safe conduct of court proceedings, as well as the security of federal judges and court personnel at 

court facilities and off-site. The security that FPS provides may include, to varying degrees, entry screening, perimeter patrols, garage 

access control, and mail and package screening. Each is discussed below. 
7.7

UNITED STATES MARSHALS SERVICE PROTECTION

The USMS is responsible for the security of the judiciary (28 U.S.C. §§ 564, 566), including securing prisoners; conducting protective 

investigations on threats against judges and other judiciary personnel; providing protective details when necessary; and providing 

security for witnesses and high threat trials. This mission is funded by DOJ/USMS operating funds. 

The USMS is also responsible for the day-to-day management of the Judicial Facility Security Program (JFSP), which is solely funded 

by the judiciary’s Court Security appropriation. The JFSP is a collaborative effort between the judiciary and the DOJ to ensure the 

integrity of the judicial process by providing secure facilities in which to conduct judicial business. To support the JFSP, funding 

from the Court Security appropriation is transferred to the USMS, which is responsible for administering the JFSP consistent with 

standards and guidelines agreed to by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (AO) Director and the Attorney General. 

The goals of the JFSP are ensuring: 

1. an adequate court security officer (CSO) presence at new, renovated, and existing court facilities;

2. that effective security screening and/or access control systems are in place for judiciary facilities housing judges, probation and

pretrial services offices, and other federal court operations; and

3. timely installation and maintenance of required security systems and equipment at new, renovated, and existing courthouses.

CSOs and security systems and equipment are key aspects of providing physical security to the courts. Together, they are an integral 

part of the USMS’s security plan to prevent and deter violence that can undermine the effectiveness, viability, and integrity of the 

judicial process and erode public confidence in the judicial system. 

FEDERAL PROTECTIVE SERVICE SECURITY

FPS is the primary federal agency responsible for patrolling and protecting the perimeter of GSA-controlled facilities and enforcing 

federal laws and regulations in those facilities. There are two types of facility-related security charges imposed by FPS on 

government facilities, including those occupied by the judiciary: (1) the “basic” security charge, to provide FPS with general funding 

to operate; and (2) the “building-specific” security charge, to reimburse FPS for FPS-provided, site-specific contract guards and 

security systems and equipment. 
7.8

Perimeter Security Pilot Program

The judiciary’s FY 2008 appropriations bill authorized the USMS to establish a perimeter security pilot program to consolidate the 

responsibility for perimeter security guarding and security systems and equipment under the district U.S. Marshal, who is supported 

by the judiciary-funded and USMS-administered JFSP. The pilot was implemented at seven courthouses in FY 2009. An eighth 

courthouse was added in FY 2015. 

The pilot was designed to address several issues, including the bifurcated systems of two security providers - the FPS and the USMS - 

providing physical security at many federal courthouses, problems with FPS security equipment not functioning for extended time 

periods, and a lack of national standards for determining how many FPS guards are needed to provide adequate security at federal

facilities, including courthouses. At the pilot locations, the USMS is responsible for all interior and perimeter security. 

The response to the pilot from judges, court unit executives, and district USMS office staff has been uniformly positive. The benefits 

of the program include improved quality of security services, improved security coverage, unified command and control over 

courthouse physical security, improved communication, and improved stewardship and monitoring of security equipment. 

Each year since the pilot began, the judiciary’s annual appropriations bills have authorized the pilot project to continue. The 

judiciary’s FY 2023 appropriation request includes language to continue the pilot (see General Provisions, page 12.1). The judiciary

will continue to explore additional sites and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of expanding the pilot to more locations. 

FY 2022 APPROPRIATIONS

In the absence of an enacted full year FY 2022 appropriations, the judiciary built the FY 2023 discretionary budget request for Court 

Security on an assumed FY 2022 appropriation of $704,824,000, which is the FY 2022 fall re-estimate level. This amount, combined 

with $22,876,000 in unobligated carryforward from FY 2021 and prior years, fully funds all FY 2022 requirements.1 

______________

1The $727,700,000 FY 2022 obligation level assumes $15.0 million for courthouse hardening, $7.9 million for the Judiciary Vulnerability Management Program,

and $6.7 million for the realignment of court emergency management and Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building (TMFJB) security from the Courts’

Salaries and Expenses account as requested by the judiciary. In the FY 2022 fall re-estimate and FY 2023 congressional budget request, the judiciary is

requesting the court security appropriation language be amended to temporarily authorize the judiciary to remove judges’ personally identifiable information

(PII) from the internet pursuant to the Vulnerability Management Program and to realign costs for emergency management and TMFJB security from the Courts’

Salaries and Expenses account to the Court Security account. 
7.9

For bill language, the judiciary used the relevant language from H.R. 4502, which includes the House-passed version of the Financial 

Services and General Government appropriations bill, 2022, as the closest approximation of the eventual enacted FY 2022 

appropriations language, updated with the assumed level as described above.

After full year FY 2022 appropriations are enacted, the judiciary will re-estimate its FY 2023 budget request and transmit to the 

Appropriations Committees any changes to FY 2023 appropriations requirements and bill language. 

SIGNIFICANT ISSUES FOR FY 2023 

Courthouse Hardening

In response to the civil unrest during the summer of 2020 and the January 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol, the judiciary sought 

from Congress supplemental appropriations to fund enhanced security measures to protect judges and the judicial process, including 

funding to harden court facilities against individuals and groups attempting to breach court facilities and disrupt the judicial process. 

Unfortunately, this funding was not included in the security supplemental bill that was enacted, nor has the funding been included in 

any of the infrastructure bills enacted or drafted to date. Accordingly, the judiciary had no choice but to begin migrating these 

supplemental requirements into its annual appropriations request, beginning with $15 million in the judiciary’s FY 2022 conference 

appeal and $35 million in the FY 2023 request for courthouse hardening. 

The judiciary is working with the USMS, FPS, and GSA to analyze the security measures needed to harden courthouses. Depending 

on the configuration of an individual courthouse, the following building features are initial measures to stop individuals and groups 

from breaching court facilities and disrupting the judicial process: 

• Windows – replace with (or add, as appropriate) break-resistant glass or glass coverings for pedestrian accessible windows

(windows that can be accessed without ladders or climbing).

• Exterior doors – harden exterior doors with break-resistant glass or glass film, roll down gates, and other capabilities, as

needed.

• Automatic exterior door locks – install automatic door locks that can be engaged by the security officers at their guard stations

and from the control room.

• Barriers and fencing – install barriers and temporary fencing, where needed, to protect the perimeter of the facility.
7.10

These initial measures are a first step toward hardening facilities and can be implemented relatively quickly when compared with 

more significant measures to redesign and renovate entrances, perimeter spaces, and interior public spaces, which will take more 

funding and longer to complete. While every effort will be made to harden as many facilities as possible with available resources, 

priority will be based on the following factors:

• The amount of judicial activity in the courthouse, as determined by the number of judges resident in the building and the

caseload of the district/circuit,

• Information regarding incidents which have damaged courthouses during recent periods of civil unrest and proximity of the

courthouse to locations that are the site of protests, including incidents of violent civil unrest or violent response to peaceful

protest,

• Information from federal law enforcement agencies that the courthouses are in communities or locations where civil unrest has

been or could be directed against federal courthouses,

• The design and construction of the facility and the extent to which hardening is already incorporated into the facility as part of

its construction, and

• The ability to make cost-effective improvements to harden the facility perimeter, including barriers to these efforts such as the

historic fabric of the facility and historic preservation requirements.

The initial facilities that will be hardened include both primary courthouses and multi-tenant federal facilities, as well as single 

buildings and multi-facility campus locations.

The judiciary requested $15 million for courthouse hardening in FY 2022. AO staff estimate that the cost to harden facilities will 

range from approximately $300,000 to $3 million per facility, depending on the courthouse. The FY 2023 request assumes that $15 

million is in the FY 2023 base and then adds $20 million, for a total of $35 million in FY 2023. AO staff are working with GSA, 

FPS, and USMS to determine the initial facilities to be hardened with these funds. It is expected that this amount will support 

implementing countermeasures at approximately 100-125 additional courthouse facilities. Additional funding will be needed in future 

fiscal years to harden more judiciary facilities. Refer to page 7.24 for more details.

Judiciary Vulnerability Management Program 

As a result of the July 2020 fatal attack at the home of a federal judge in New Jersey and increasing threats against federal judges, the 

judiciary and the USMS reviewed existing vulnerabilities impacting the security of judges and identified the need to reduce judges' 
7.11

online footprints and the ready availability of judges’ personal identifiable information (PII). In February 2021, the judiciary 

requested $10 million in the emergency security supplemental for a new Judiciary Vulnerability Management Program, which would 

address PII issues and other security matters. However, the security supplemental appropriations bill enacted in July 2021 provided 

no funding for the judiciary. 

Since the Judiciary Vulnerability Management Program is a critical need, the judiciary submitted a reprogramming notification to the 

Appropriations Committees on November 4, 2021, that proposed to begin the program in FY 2022 by reprogramming funds from 

Court Security prior-year unobligated balances. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees approved the reprogramming in 

late 2021. 

The Judiciary Vulnerability Management Program serves as a resource to judges on ways to enhance their personal security and the 

security of court personnel and facilities. The program is intended to create (1) situational awareness across security specialties, (2) 

active and coordinated preventative measures, (3) consistent information sharing, and (4) advanced analytic capabilities. When fully 

implemented, the program will include the following activities:

• Redacting eligible PII from government databases, data aggregators, and the internet2

;

• Educating judges and other judiciary personnel on the need to minimize online information about themselves and their family

members;

• Training and national standards for appointed emergency management coordinators and others tasked with emergency

management and related duties within local courts and circuits; and

• Hiring additional AO staff located within the circuits they serve to be responsible for facilitating security services among the

judiciary, the USMS, the Federal Protective Services, the General Services Administration, and other appropriate federal and

local law enforcement agencies.

The full-year costs of a fully implemented vulnerability management program are $10.5 million for 19 positions and 33 contractors. 

Using prior-year unobligated balances for FY 2022, $7.9 million (for 9 months) is included in the assumed FY 2022 funding level. 

______________

2 Currently, the judiciary does not have the statutory authority to redact PII. As a result, the judiciary is seeking amendments to the Court Security appropriation

language, beginning in FY 2022, to temporarily allow the judiciary to remove judges’ PII from the internet while permanent statutory authority is being pursued 

via the authorization process. 
7.12

For FY 2023, the judiciary requests recurring annual funding for the program. Refer to page 7.17 for the $2.6 million adjustment-tobase annualization and refer to page 7.21 for the $7.9 million financing funding adjustment. 

Implementation of CSO Staffing Standard

In FY 2015, the USMS recommended that an additional 346 CSO positions would be required to fully implement the CSO staffing 

standards. The additional positions help staff critical CSO posts designed to ensure the safety and security of the judiciary, in 

particular the exterior/forward watch posts. Given the budgetary constraints and administrative challenges in hiring and maintaining 

CSO levels, the USMS recommended a gradual approach of phasing in the additional positions over five years. In FY 2020, the 

USMS conducted a security assessment and identified Hato Rey, Puerto Rico, as needing the creation of a “special needs post.” The

post requires an additional 2.5 CSO positions. Per the CSO staffing standards, facilities can receive additional positions when 

supported by an assessment. Hato Rey was identified as requiring special needs because of the large number of criminal proceedings, 

large number of visitors, and lack of separate circulation routes. With the addition of these 2.5 positions, the staffing standards now 

call for a total of 348.5 new positions. 

Thus far, 262.5 new CSO positions have been added to implement the standards (69 positions in FY 2016, 69 positions in FY 2017, 35 

positions in FY 2019, 69 positions in FY 2020, and 20.5 positions in FY 2022). The judiciary did not request additional CSO 

positions in FY 2018 and in FY 2021. In FY 2023, the judiciary requests the remaining 86 positions, for a total of 348.5 positions, to 

complete implementation of the staffing standards. Refer to page 7.25 for more details. 

Physical Access Control Systems (PACS) and Video Management Systems (VMS)

PACS and VMS are two critical components of the court security program. PACS are designed to ensure that unauthorized and 

potentially dangerous people do not gain entry to court facilities, and only judges, authorized federal employees, and contractors can 

access secure interior court space. Access is managed with cards, issued to authorized persons, that are read by automated card 

readers at exterior and/or interior doors, and for judges at secure elevators. VMS are the camera systems that allow the USMS to

monitor doors, hallways, courtrooms, and other court space. With a VMS system failure, the USMS control room operators lose

viewing capability of all closed-circuit television (CCTV) coverage within a facility, crippling the USMS’s capability to visually

assess potential threats. The loss of camera views and control capability makes a facility particularly vulnerable.
7.13

PACS

Many of the current PACS are fragile and failing, or in danger of failing, due to aging equipment and outdated software no longer 

supported by the vendor. The judiciary worked with the USMS to develop a risk-based strategy that focuses resources on the highest 

priority PACS requirements, addressing facilities with the greatest need in a timeframe that avoids system failures. The risk-based 

approach attempts to contain costs by focusing on equipment replacements at court facilities with the highest risk for a PACS failure. 

In addition, the strategy also incorporates a refreshment cycle for PACS to ensure the program is sustainable in the future. The 

judiciary gradually increased PACS funding by approximately $5 million each year with the goal of reaching $42 million in annual 

funding in FY 2022 and then adjusting for inflation moving forward. This funding level funds PACS upgrades and begins to refresh 

PACS on a 10-year cycle starting in FY 2024. The judiciary should have enough resources to upgrade PACS in all 500 facilities by 

FY 2030. Future budget requests will be revised for inflation as well as changes in technology, equipment, networking protocols, etc. 

VMS

Similar to the PACS issue, most existing VMS have exceeded their useful life expectancies, are at risk of failure, and are no longer 

supported by the manufacturers. Further, most judiciary VMS are analog systems, and these systems need to be upgraded to digital IP 

(internet protocol) based systems. Using the PACS funding strategy as a model, the judiciary seeks to replicate a multi-year funding 

approach with VMS. For FY 2020, the Court Security account included $6.3 million to begin replacing VMS head-end units (the 

head-end units are known as video matrix switchers). In FY 2021, the USMS expanded the program to replace the entire VMS unit 

(including cameras, cabling, and control room components) rather than replacing only the head-end unit, as it was more cost effective 

to replace all components at the same time. The judiciary included $10.0 million and $15.3 million for VMS replacement in its 

requests for FY 2021 and FY 2022, respectively. The judiciary requests an additional $10.5 million increase for a total of $25.8 

million in annual funding for FY 2023. The judiciary will be able to replace all VMS over a 10-year period and cyclically replace 

them going forward at this funding level. Refer to pages 7.24-7.25 for more details. 

Joint PACS/VMS Projects

PACS and VMS share the same enterprise network infrastructure, and the USMS estimates that there is cost avoidance associated with

installing VMS concurrently with new PACS. The USMS awarded eight joint PACS/VMS projects in FY 2020 and 12 joint 

PACS/VMS projects in FY 2021. The USMS is evaluating these projects to determine the potential cost avoided by doing the PACS 

and VMS replacements as a single project as opposed to separate projects. 
7.14

New Courthouse Infrastructure Costs

Several courthouse construction projects are underway throughout the country. Funding for the construction of courthouses is 

appropriated directly to GSA. However, the judiciary is responsible for funding items that will take the courthouses from shell 

condition to finished and usable spaces, including furniture, technology, and security. 

Security related costs for new courthouses depend on when occupancy will occur. Based on current schedules, systems and 

equipment requirements for new courthouses in FY 2023 are expected to be $2.7 million above the FY 2022 level for a total of $4.8 

million. Funds will be used for the courthouse project in in Fort Lauderdale, Florida ($4.2 million) and Toledo, Ohio ($0.6 million). 

In addition, the FY 2023 budget request includes $0.5 million for seven additional CSO positions needed to staff the new Charlotte, 

North Carolina, and Savannah, Georgia courthouses. Refer to page 7.23 for more details. 
7.15

$000 CSO Positions FTE $000 CSO Positions FTE

Court Security Officers 471,885 4,631.5 494,429 4,740.5

Federal Protective Service Charges 80,132 84,276

Systems and Equipment 141,658 167,260

Program Administration 46,010 84 54,624 96 

JITF 101 - 

Total Obligations 739,786 800,589

 JITF (101) - 

Direct Obligations 739,685 800,589

Prior Year Carryforward

 Systems and Equipment Slippage (Encumbered) (11,951) - 

 Program Administration Slippage (Encumbered) (34) - 

 Systems and Equipment Savings (Unencumbered) (17,798) (15,000) 

 Program Administration Savings (Unencumbered) (5,078) - 

Available Appropriation 704,824 785,589

Court Security Program Summary

FY 2022 Assumed FY 2023 Request
7.16

JUSTIFICATION OF CHANGES

The judiciary requests $785.6 million for Court Security in 

FY 2023, an 11.5 percent increase over the FY 2022 assumed 

appropriation of $704.8 million. The FY 2023 request reflects 

the necessary adjustments to base to maintain current services, 

as well as several program increases related to the CSO 

program, security systems and equipment needs, and additional 

USMS staffing requirements. The majority of the funding in 

this request is transferred to the USMS, which is responsible 

for administering the Judicial Facility Security Program 

(JFSP).

The following sections provide information and justification 

for each of the adjustments to base and program increases. 

A. ADJUSTMENTS TO BASE TO MAINTAIN

CURRENT SERVICES

1. Pay and benefits adjustments

a. Proposed January 2023 pay adjustment

Requested Increase: $579,000 

The judiciary is assuming federal pay rates will increase by 4.6

percent in January 2023. The requested increase provides for 

the cost of nine months of the anticipated pay raise in FY 2023, 

from January 2023 to September 2023. (If the pay adjustment 

included in the President’s FY 2023 budget request is different 

than 4.6 percent, the judiciary will revise this line item in its 

FY 2023 budget re-estimate.)

b. Annualization of January 2022 pay adjustment

Requested Increase: $90,000 

The requested increase provides for the annualized costs of a

2022 pay adjustment for Employment Cost Index (ECI) and 

locality pay. As a result of the pay adjustment, federal pay 

rates increased by an average of 2.7 percent, effective as of 

January 2022. The requested increase provides for the cost of 

three months (from October 2022 to December 2022) of the 

2022 pay increase in FY 2023. 

c. Promotions and within-grade increases

Requested Increase: $115,000 

The requested increase provides for promotions and withingrade increases for personnel. The AO salary plan, as well as 

the USMS salary plan, both provide for periodic within-grade 

increases for staff who receive at least a satisfactory 

performance rating. 

d. Health Benefits increases

Requested Increase: $19,000 

Based on information from the Office of Personnel 

Management, agency health benefit premium contributions are 

projected to increase by an average of 2.4 percent both in 
7.17

January 2022 and January 2023. The requested increase 

annualizes the 2022 premium increase and includes a ninemonth provision for the increase anticipated for FY 2023. 

e. FICA adjustment

Requested Increase: $15,000 

Based on information from the Social Security Administration, 

employer contributions to the Old Age, Survivor, and 

Disability Insurance (OASDI) portion of the FICA tax will 

increase in 2022. The salary cap for OASDI increased from 

$142,800 to $147,000 in January 2022. The requested amount 

is needed to pay the agency’s contribution in FY 2023. 

f. One less compensable day

Requested Decrease: ($2,075,000) 

There is one less compensable day in FY 2023 than in FY 

2022. The requested decrease adjusts for personnel 

compensation and benefits associated with one fewer 

compensable day.

2. Annualization of CSO positions

Requested Increase: $1,263,000 

In FY 2022, funding was provided to support 28.5 new CSO 

positions needed to staff new courthouse construction projects. 

This request includes the increase required to fund the full-year 

cost of these 28.5 CSO positions in FY 2023.

3. Annualization of USMS positions

Requested Increase: $882,000 FTE: 4

In FY 2022, funding was provided for four new USMS 

positions to support the equipment modernization and cyclical 

replacement strategy and three new positions in the CSO 

Applications and Qualification branch. In addition, two new 

positions were included for the CSO radio communications 

program. Please note that no additional funding is required for 

these two positions because the FY 2020 financial plan 

included two contractors to support the CSO radio 

communications program, and it was determined that 

permanent employees rather than contractors are needed due to 

the sensitive nature of the work. This request includes the 

increase required to fund the full-year cost of these positions in 

FY 2022. 

4. Annualization for Judiciary Vulnerability

Management Program

Requested Increase: $2,625,000 

The full-year cost to support this program is $10,501,000 for 

19 positions and 33 contractors. In FY 2022, $7,876,000 in 

prior-year carryforward was reprogrammed to fund the 

vulnerability management program for nine months. The 

requested increase provides for the annualized costs for the 

program. 
7.18

In FY 2023, the judiciary requests a total of $10.5 million to 

maintain the program, which includes the $2.6 million for the 

annualization along with the $7.9 million funding adjustment 

(refer to page 7.21) 

5. FY 2023 CSO contract and wage rate adjustments

Requested Increase: $14,279,000 

A total of $14.3 million is requested for anticipated increases in 

the hourly rates and overtime pay for CSO contract services in 

FY 2023. The request is an average increase of 3.0 percent on 

a national basis over FY 2022 projected levels. 

The minimum hourly wage rates paid by the vendors who are 

retained by the USMS to provide CSO services are determined 

by the Department of Labor and vary around the country based 

on an annual assessment of the prevailing wage rates paid for 

occupations like the CSO category of service in a specific 

locality. CSO wages are also adjusted through collective 

bargaining agreements negotiated between CSO contractors 

and unions. In accordance with the McNamara-O’Hara 

Service Contract Act, the contract CSOs must be paid the 

hourly rates determined by the Department of Labor unless a 

collective bargaining agreement is in place. 

6. Inflationary increases in charges for contracts,

services, supplies, and equipment

Requested Increase: $369,000 

Consistent with guidance from the Office of Management and 

Budget, this requested increase is required to fund inflationary 

increases of 2.0 percent for operating expenses such as travel, 

communications, printing, contractual services, supplies and 

materials, and furniture and equipment (exclusive of the CSO 

contracts).

7. Changes in Federal Protective Service security charges

Requested Increase: $4,144,000 

The FY 2023 security cost estimate of $84.3 million for FPS 

security services consists of basic security ($27.5 million) and 

building-specific security costs ($56.8 million). This cost 

represents an increase of $4.1 million from the FY 2022 

estimate of $80.1 million. Additional information regarding 

the changes in FPS security charges is summarized below:

a. Increase in basic security charges: $3,162,000

The FY 2023 request for basic security charges is $27.5 

million, which is $3.2 million above the FY 2022 estimated 

level. 

b. Increase in building-specific security charges:

$982,000

The total FY 2023 request for building-specific security 

charges is $56.8 million, which is $1.0 million above the FY

2022 estimated level. The requested increase supports new 

countermeasure projects. 
7.19

Building-specific charges are based on FPS-provided 

countermeasures for a specific building and are charged to all 

federal tenants in the building in direct proportion to each 

customer agency’s percentage of federal occupancy. Each 

building is supposed to have a facility security committee 

(FSC). The FSC consults with and seeks recommendations 

from FPS on new or revised countermeasures. A tenant agency 

cannot avoid a building-specific charge if a majority of FSC 

members endorse a countermeasure. FPS is responsible for 

maintaining records of these operating expenditures on a 

building-by-building basis. These expenses are based on FPS 

projections and may be adjusted as a result of the judiciary’s 

regular review of FPS charges. 

Building-specific expenses include:

• Facility contract guards, both fixed post and roving,

assigned to a specific building; and

• Purchase, installation, and maintenance of perimeter

security devices such as cameras, alarms, motion detectors,

and other physical security features.

(Note: In courthouse facilities, the FPS contract guards and 

security device expenses listed above are usually limited to the 

perimeter of the building because security for interior judicial 

space is provided by the USMS.) 

8. Adjustments to base requirements for security systems

and equipment

Requested Increase: $2,378,000 

($000)

FY 2022 Available Funding $129,707

Adjustments to base - net increases 2,378

FY 2023 Current Services $132,085

The requested amount reflects a net increase of $2.4 million for 

the security systems and equipment program. Table 7.1 on 

page 7.22 and the following justification of increases provide 

further information regarding the judiciary's security systems 

and equipment funding requirements. 

Increased Funding for Security Systems and Equipment

• Physical Access Control Systems (PACS)/Video

Management Systems (VMS)

Requested Increase: $842,000

PACS are designed to ensure that unauthorized and

potentially dangerous people do not gain entry to court

facilities, and only judges, authorized federal employees,

and contractors can access secure interior court space.

Access is managed with cards, issued to authorized persons,

that are read by automated card readers at exterior and/or

interior doors, and for judges at secure elevators.
7.20

VMS are the camera systems that allow the USMS to 

monitor doors, hallways, courtrooms, and other court space. 

The increases of $840,000 for PACS and $2,000 for VMS 

are due primarily to inflationary cost adjustments.

• Other Additional and Replacement Equipment

Requested Increase: $537,000

This program provides for general enhancements or

upgrades to closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance

systems, alarm systems, and command and control centers

in newly occupied space in existing court facilities and

replaces outdated equipment in currently occupied space.

The increase is due primarily to inflationary cost

adjustments.

• Nationwide Maintenance Contract for Existing Security

Systems and Equipment

Requested Increase: $472,000

The national contract for security systems installation

provides for the maintenance of the inventory of security

systems located in all facilities nationwide, such as the

repair of CCTV systems, access control systems, alarm

systems, and other command and control center

components. The contract also provides for off-site

monitoring of alarms for buildings without a 24-hour CSO

presence and for repairs and preventive maintenance for the

nationwide inventory of x-ray machines. The increase is 

due primarily to inflationary cost adjustments.

• Nationwide Vehicle Barrier Maintenance Contract

Requested Increase: $51,000

The vehicle barrier maintenance contract provides a

nationwide preventative maintenance and repair program

for vehicle barriers installed by the USMS. The contract

requirements include 24/7 technical support, training,

emergency response capability, preventive maintenance,

and repairs. The maintenance contract increases the

reliability of vehicle barriers and reduces the frequency of

breakdowns. The increase for the Nationwide Vehicle

Barrier Maintenance Contract is due primarily to the

projected costs for the repairs of vehicle barriers and the

deployment of additional mobile barriers for FY 2023.

• Miscellaneous Systems and Equipment

Requested Increase: $476,000

An increase of $476,000 is requested for various

miscellaneous systems and equipment requirements in FY

2023. This includes an increase of $197,000 for perimeter

security improvements, $135,000 for GSA installation and

maintenance, $92,000 for cyclical replacement of x-ray

screening equipment and walk-thru metal detectors,

$34,000 for CSO radios, accessories, repairs and over-the-
7.21

air re-key, and $18,000 for equipment for probation, 

pretrial services, and defender services.

9. Funding adjustments due to a decrease in nonappropriated sources of funds

Requested Increase: $7,876,000 

In FY 2022, $22.9 million in balances from FY 2021 and prior 

years is available to finance FY 2022 requirements. In FY 

2023, the judiciary expects $15 million in non-appropriated 

funds to be available, a decrease of $7.9 million from FY 2022. 

Because the judiciary anticipates having $7.9 million less in 

carryforward funding available in FY 2023, it requests $7.9 

million more to maintain current services. 

A total of $10.5 million, the $7.9 million funding adjustment 

combined with the $2.6 million in annualization, for the 

Judiciary Vulnerability Management Program (refer to page 

7.17) is requested in FY 2023 to maintain the program going 

forward.
7.22

FY 2022

Assumed

FY 2023 

Adjustments to 

Base

FY 2023 

Program 

Increases / 

Decreases

FY 2023

Request1

Change 

FY 2022 to

FY 2023

$000 $000 $000 $000 $000

Courthouse Hardening - Infrastructure Improvements 15,000 - 20,000 35,000 20,000

VMS 15,298 2 10,500 25,800 10,502

New Courthouse Construction Projects 2,050 - 2,700 4,750 2,700

Nationwide Vehicle Barrier Maintenance Contract 2,528 51 1,800 4,379 1,851

PACS 42,000 840 - 42,840 840

Other Additional and Replacement Equipment (Excludes VMS) 11,698 537 - 12,235 537

Nationwide Maintenance Contract for Existing Security Systems and Equipment 16,868 472 - 17,340 472

Miscellaneous Systems and Equipment

 CSO Radios, Accessories, Repairs and Over-the-Air-Re-key 2,207 34 175 2,416 209

 Perimeter Security Improvements 9,841 197 - 10,038 197

 GSA Installation/Alterations 6,745 135 - 6,880 135

 Cyclical Replacement of X-Ray Screening Equipment and Walk-Thru Metal Detectors 4,580 92 - 4,672 92

 Equipment for Probation, Pretrial Services, and Defender Services 892 18 - 910 18

Total Miscellaneous Systems and Equipment 24,265 476 175 24,916 651

Total Security Systems and Equipment 129,707 2,378 35,175 167,260 37,553

Table 7.1

Court Security Appropriation

Security Systems & Equipment Funding Summary 

Category
7.23

PROGRAM INCREASES

10. New courthouse construction projects

Requested Increase: $3,176,000 

For the new construction projects funded by Congress in FY 

2016 and FY 2018, the judiciary requests an increase of $3.2 

million above the FY 2022 level for a total of $5.3 million. For 

additional information on new courthouse construction 

projects, refer to page 7.14. 

a. Security infrastructure for new courthouse

construction projects

Requested Increase: $2,700,000 

In FY 2022, $2.1 million is included for security systems 

requirements for new courthouse construction projects, and 

$4.8 million is required in FY 2023 for the courthouse projects 

in Fort Lauderdale, Florida ($4.2 million) and Toledo, Ohio 

($0.6 million). Thus, an increase of $2.7 million is associated 

with one-time security requirements in FY 2023. 

b. CSOs for new courthouse construction projects (7

CSOs)

Requested Increase: $476,000 

In addition to the systems and equipment requirements, 

funding is needed for CSOs in these new facilities projected to 

open in FY 2023 and early FY 2024. The FY 2023 budget 

request includes $0.5 million for 7 new CSO positions to staff 

the new courthouses in Charlotte, North Carolina (2 CSOs) and 

Savannah, Georgia (5 CSOs). The USMS will also transfer 

CSO positions from any related facilities in which the judiciary 

has vacated its space, but new positions are necessary when the 

size of a court facility increases.

11. CSO staffing for McGirt requirements (16 CSOs)

Requested Increase: $1,011,000 

In FY 2023, the judiciary requests an increase of $1.0 million 

for 16 CSO positions related to increased requirements as a 

result of the Supreme Court’s decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma. 

In July 2020, the McGirt decision resulted in a shift in 

jurisdiction from state court to federal and tribal courts for the 

prosecution of criminal offenses involving the Creek Nation,

primarily in eastern Oklahoma. Now that the Oklahoma Court 

of Criminal Appeals has extended McGirt to apply to land 

granted to Oklahoma’s four other “Civilized Tribes,” much of 

Oklahoma is “Indian country” for purposes of federal criminal 

jurisdiction. The McGirt decision will increase judicial space 

requirements and will require the use of visiting judges to help 

with the increased caseload in the Northern District and 

Eastern District of Oklahoma, which will increase CSO 

staffing requirements to secure the facilities. The USMS 

estimates that 16 additional CSO positions will be required to 

provide staffing at the court facilities within the Districts of 

Northern and Eastern Oklahoma. 
7.24

12. Court unit emergency management program

Requested Increase: $1,088,000 

In order to implement the Judiciary Vulnerability Management 

Program, the judiciary sought amendments to the annual Court 

Security appropriation language beginning in FY 2022 to (1) 

allow the judiciary to remove judges’ personal identifiable 

information (PII) from the internet and (2) allow for the 

realignment of all relevant security costs including emergency 

management into the Court Security account. Refer to pages 

7.10-7.12 for more details. The FY 2022 assumed level 

includes $6.7 million for the realignment of court emergency 

management and TMFJB security from the courts’ Salaries and 

Expenses account. 

For FY 2023, the judiciary requests an increase of $1.1 million 

to fund local security and emergency preparedness initiatives 

not otherwise covered by USMS or FPS programmatic support. 

Since FY 2020, the judiciary has permitted court units to

request up to $5,000 to support emergency preparedness 

related costs. These costs include, but are not limited to, 

shelter-in-place supplies, active shooter training, two-way 

radios, building evacuation supplies (i.e., vests, hand-held PA 

devices, etc.), and first aid kits. Funding requests are reviewed 

and approved by the AO’s Judicial Security Division prior to 

funds being allotted. Though the judiciary has provided these 

funds to court units and is authorized to purchase these types of 

items, dedicated resources for this purpose have not previously 

been included in the budget request. 

13. Courthouse hardening

Requested Increase: $20,000,000 

Congress did not include courthouse hardening funding in the 

security supplemental bill that was enacted, nor was the 

funding included in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act 

or any other draft infrastructure package to date. The judiciary 

is working with the USMS, FPS, and GSA and taking a riskbased approach to implement security measures needed to 

harden courthouses. In FY 2022, the judiciary included $15.0 

million in recurring funding for courthouse hardening in the 

conference appeal. For FY 2023, the judiciary requests an 

additional $20.0 million in recurring funding along with the 

$15.0 million assumed in the FY 2022 base, for a total of $35.0 

million for courthouse hardening in FY 2023. Refer to pages 

7.9-7.10 for more details.

14. Equipment modernization and cyclical replacement

strategy

Requested Increase: $11,052,000 

The FY 2023 request includes $11.1 million towards the 

implementation of an equipment modernization and cyclical 

replacement strategy for video management systems (VMS)

and staffing. For additional information on the need for VMS

replacement, refer to page 7.13. 

a. Video Management Systems

Requested Increase: $10,500,000
7.25

For FY 2023, the judiciary requests an additional $10.5 million 

for VMS. With the $15.3 million in base funding available in 

FY 2022, there will be a total of $25.8 million in annual 

funding for VMS in FY 2023. At this funding level, the 

judiciary will be able to replace all VMS over a 10-year period 

and cyclically replace them going forward. 

b. USMS Staffing Positions for VMS

Requested Increase: $552,000 FTE: 2

The judiciary requests $0.6 million for four new physical 

security specialist (PSS) positions (2 FTE) at the USMS to 

support the equipment modernization and cyclical replacement 

strategy. With the existing 20 authorized PSS positions, this 

request will complete the 12 additional PSS positions requested 

for FY 2021, FY 2022, and FY 2023 to support the equipment 

modernization and cyclical replacement strategy. 

15. Phased implementation (6th Year) of the CSO staffing

standards (86 CSOs)

Requested Increase: $5,431,000 

The revised CSO staffing standards, which were instituted in 

FY 2015, require 348.5 new positions to be fully implemented. 

The judiciary has been gradually phasing in the staffing 

increases since FY 2016. 

For FY 2023, the judiciary requests the remaining 86 CSOs to 

complete the phased implementation at an estimated cost of 

$5.4 million, of which $5.0 million is for the CSO positions, 

$0.3 million is primarily for one-time charges for program 

administration-related costs for hiring the CSOs, and $0.1 

million is for CSO radios. 

With this request, the phased implementation of the new CSO 

staffing standards will be complete.

Incremental 

Number of 

CSOs 

Requested

Cumulative 

Number of 

CSOs 

Requested

Total Number 

of CSOs 

Required Per 

Staffing 

Standards

Percent 

Complete

FY 2016 69 69 346 20%

FY 2017 69 138 346 40%

FY 2018 0 138 346 40%

FY 2019 35 173 346 50%

FY 2020 69 242 346 70%

FY 2021 Financial Plan 0 242 346 70%

FY 2022 Assumed Obligations 20.5 262.5 348.5 75%

FY 2023 Request 86 348.5 348.5 100%

16. CSO hours restoration (10 hours per CSO position)

Requested Increase: $2,520,000 

The judiciary requests $2.5 million to restore 10 hours per CSO 

position in FY 2023. Previously, the judiciary and the USMS 

decided to temporarily decrease CSO hours and associated 

funding – 25 hours in FY 2016 and 23 hours in FY 2017 – as a 

cost-containment measure. At the time, the USMS was 

experiencing challenges using all the available CSO funding, 

which resulted in significant funding surpluses. The USMS also 
7.26

indicated it did not have significant security concerns with this 

reduction since it was a short-term measure and sufficient

budget flexibility remained available to address potential 

emergent CSO security issues. Since 2017, the USMS has 

implemented processes and procedures to better manage the 

CSO contracts and more effectively use CSO resources and 

ensure adequate security is provided at court facilities. The 

requested funds will be used to gradually increase CSO hours 

and provide more guard coverage at courthouses. 

17. USMS staffing positions for Judicial Facility Security

Program

Requested Increase: $2,128,000 FTE: 6 

For FY 2023, the judiciary requests $2.1 million for 12 

additional USMS positions and three contractors. With this 

request, the total number of judiciary-funded positions at the 

USMS will be 104. The additional staff would allow the 

USMS to restructure the Judicial Facility Security Program 

(JFSP) based on a recent workload analysis. The request 

consists of 6 positions (3 FTE) for operational and 

administrative support to district judicial security inspectors, 4 

positions (2 FTE) for contract support, 1 position (0.5 FTE) 

and 3 contractors for ensuring contract compliance, and 1 

position (0.5 FTE) for supporting the CSO radio 

communications program. 

18. Active vehicle barrier (AVB) preventive maintenance

Requested Increase: $1,800,000

AVBs, like drop-arm barriers, wedge barriers, and active 

bollards, are designed to control entry and stop unauthorized 

vehicles. For FY 2023, the judiciary requests $1.8 million to 

modify the current preventive maintenance contract for AVBs 

to increase the frequency of maintenance checks from a 

quarterly/semiannual basis on all crash-rated and non-crashrated AVBs to a monthly and quarterly basis, respectively, to 

mitigate breakdowns at the AVB sites. 

AVBs need to be in operational condition, performing the first 

line of defense to protect courthouses from unwanted vehicle 

intrusion. 

FINANCING THE FY 2023 REQUEST

ANTICIPATED CARRYFORWARD BALANCES FROM 

FY 2022 AND PRIOR YEARS INTO FY 2023

Estimated Funds Available: $15,000,000 

The judiciary projects $15.0 million will be available through 

anticipated savings and prior-year recoveries to carry forward 

from FY 2022 into FY 2023 to offset partially the FY 2023 

appropriation request for the Court Security program. The 

judiciary will advise the appropriations subcommittee staffs of 

changes to this estimate.