Form I-589 Instructions 03/01/23

Instructions

This application is used to apply for asylum in the United 

States and for withholding of removal (formerly called 

"withholding of deportation"). This application may also be 

used to apply for protection under the Convention Against 

Torture. You may file this application if you are physically 

present in the United States, and you are not a U.S. citizen.

What Is the Purpose of This Form?

You may include in your application your spouse and 

unmarried children who are under 21 years of age and 

physically present in the United States. You must submit 

certain documents for your spouse and each child included as 

required by these instructions. Children 21 years of age or 

older and married children must file separate applications. If 

you are granted asylum and your spouse and/or any unmarried 

children under 21 years of age are outside the United States, 

you may file Form I-730, Refugee/Asylee Relative Petition, 

for them to gain similar benefits.

NOTE: You must submit an application for asylum within 1 

year of arriving in the United States, unless there are changed 

circumstances that materially affect your eligibility for asylum 

or extraordinary circumstances directly related to your failure 

to file within 1 year. (See Part C, Additional Information 

about Your Application, in Section V on Part 1 of the 

instructions for further explanation.)

Instruction Sections: Filing Information and 

How Your Application Will Be Processed

The instructions are divided into two sections: 

The first section has filing information. This section 

discusses basic eligibility criteria and guides you through 

filling out and filing the application. 

The second section explains how your application will be 

processed. This section also describes potential interim 

benefits available while your application is pending.

Read these instructions carefully. The instructions will help 

you complete your application and understand how it will be 

processed. If you have questions about your eligibility, how 

to complete the application, or the asylum process, you may 

wish to consult an attorney or other qualified person to assist 

you. (See Part I Section IV Right to Counsel of these 

instructions.)

 Department of Justice 

 U.S. Executive Office for Immigration Review

 Department of Homeland Security 

 U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

If filing with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services 

(USCIS), unexcused failure to appear for an 

appointment or to provide biometrics (such as 

fingerprints) and other biographical information within 

the time allowed may delay eligibility for employment 

authorization and result in an asylum officer dismissing 

your asylum application or referring it to an 

immigration judge. Applicants and eligible dependents 

in removal proceedings who fail without good cause to 

provide USCIS with their biometrics or their 

biographical information as required within the time 

allowed may have their applications found abandoned 

by the immigration judge. See sections 208(d)(5)(A) 

and 208(d)(6) of the INA and 8 Code of Federal 

Regulations (CFR) sections 208.10, 1208.10, 208.20, 

1003.47(d), and 1208.20.

WARNING: Applicants in the United States unlawfully 

are subject to removal if their asylum or withholding 

claims are not granted by an asylum officer or an 

immigration judge. Any information provided in 

completing this application may be used as a basis for 

the institution of, or as evidence in, removal 

proceedings, even if the application is later withdrawn.

Applicants determined to have knowingly made a 

frivolous application for asylum will be permanently 

ineligible for any benefits under the Immigration and 

Nationality Act (INA). You may not avoid a frivolous 

finding simply because someone advised you to provide 

false information in your asylum application.

1. 

2.

I-589, Application for Asylum 

and for Withholding of Removal

OMB No. 1615-0067; Expires 06/30/2026
Form I-589 Instructions 03/01/23

DHS Privacy Notice

V. Employment Authorization While Your 

Application Is Pending

IV. Travel Outside the United States 

III. Status While Your 

Application Is Pending 

II. Asylum Interview Process

I. Notification Requirements 

When Your Address Changes 

Part 2. Information Regarding 

Post-Filing Requirements

XII. Where To File?

XI. Incomplete Asylum Applications

X. Organizing Your Application 

IX. Biometrics, Including 

Fingerprints and Photographs

VIII. Fee

VII. Additional Evidence 

That You Must Submit

VI. Required Documents That You Must 

Submit With Your Application 

Part G. To Be Completed at Removal 

Hearing, If Applicable

 Part F. To Be Completed at Asylum 

Interview, If Applicable

Part E. Signature of Person Preparing 

Form, If Other than You

Part D. Your Signature 

Part C. Additional Information 

About Your Application

Table of Contents 

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Paperwork Reduction Act...............................................................13

USCIS Forms and Information.......................................................13

Supplements to Form I-589.............................................................14

Penalties.............................................................................................13

Part B. Information About Your 

Application......................................................6

Part A.III. Information About Your 

Background.....................................................6

You MUST file this application within 1 year after you 

arrived in the United States, unless you can show that 

there are changed circumstances that affect your eligibility 

for asylum or extraordinary circumstances that prevented 

you from filing within 1 year. (See Part I Section IV, Right 

to Counsel of these instructions.)

III. Confidentiality 

IV. Right to Counsel

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Part A.II. Spouse and Children

Part A.I. Information About You

V. Obtaining and Completing the Form .................................5

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If you have previously been denied asylum by an immigration 

judge or the Board of Immigration Appeals, you must show 

that there are changed circumstances that affect your 

eligibility for asylum.

An Unaccompanied Alien Child (UAC) is a legal term 

referring to a non-U.S. citizen child who has no lawful 

immigration status in the United States; has not attained 18 

years of age; and has no parent or legal guardian in the United 

States, or for whom no parent or legal guardian in the United 

States is available to provide care and physical custody. See 6 

U.S.C. 279(g)(2). The Asylum Division has initial jurisdiction 

over an asylum application filed by a UAC, including a UAC 

in removal proceedings before an immigration judge. For 

more information about the asylum process for UAC, visit the 

USCIS asylum website at www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/

refugees-asylum/asylum/minor-children-applying-asylumthemselves.

Detailed UAC filing instructions are found in Part 1 Section 

XII of these instructions. 

The determination of whether you are permitted to apply for 

asylum will be made once you have had an asylum interview 

with an asylum officer or a hearing before an immigration 

judge. Even if you are not eligible to apply for asylum for the 

reasons stated above, you may still be eligible to apply for 

withholding of removal under section 241(b)(3) of the INA or 

under the Convention Against Torture before the Immigration 

Court.

Pursuant to 48 U.S.C. 1806(a)(7), and 8 CFR Sections 208.5 

and 1208.5 if you are physically present in, or arriving in the 

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, you may not 

apply for asylum until January 1, 2030; however, you may use 

Form I-589, Application for Asylum and for Withholding of 

Removal, to apply for withholding of removal and for 

protection from removal under the Convention Against 

Torture in Immigration Court proceedings.

You may apply for asylum irrespective of your immigration 

status and even if you are in the United States unlawfully 

unless otherwise provided by statute or regulations.

Part 1. Filing Instructions

I. Who May Apply and Filing Deadlines

C. Deferral of Removal Under 

the Convention Against Torture

D. Legal Sources and Guidance Relating to Eligibility

B. Withholding of Removal 

A. Asylum

II. Basis of Eligibility

I. Who May Apply and Filing Deadlines

Part 1. Filing Instructions

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Form I-589 Instructions 03/01/23

To qualify for asylum, you must establish that you are a 

refugee who is unable or unwilling to return to his or her 

country of nationality, or last habitual residence if you have no 

nationality, because of persecution or a well-founded fear of 

persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, 

membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. 

This means that you must establish that race, religion, 

nationality, membership in a particular social group, or 

political opinion was or will be at least one central reason for 

your persecution or why you fear persecution. (See section 

208 of the INA; 8 CFR sections 208 and 1208, et seq.)

II. Basis of Eligibility

A. Asylum

Part 1. Filing Instructions (continued)

Your asylum application is also considered to be an 

application for withholding of removal under section 241(b)

(3) of the INA, as amended. It may also be considered an 

application for withholding of removal under the Convention 

Against Torture if you checked the box at the top of Page 1 of 

the application, or if the evidence you present indicates that 

you may be tortured in the country of removal. (See 8 CFR 

sections 208.13(c)(1) and 1208.13(c)(1)). If asylum is not 

granted, you may still be eligible for withholding of removal.

B. Withholding of Removal

Regardless of the basis for the withholding application, you 

will not be eligible for withholding if you:

1. Assisted in Nazi persecution or engaged in genocide;

2. Have persecuted another person;

3. Have been convicted by a final judgment of a 

 particularly serious crime and therefore represent a 

 danger to the community of the United States;

4. Are considered for serious reasons to have committed a 

 serious non-political crime outside the United States; or

5. Represent a danger to the security of the United States. 

 (See section 241(b)(3) of the INA; 8 CFR sections 

 208.16 and1208.16.)

If you are granted asylum, you and any eligible spouse or 

child included in your application can remain and work in the 

United States and may eventually adjust to lawful permanent 

resident status. If you are not granted asylum, the 

Department of Homeland Security (DHS) may use the 

information you provide in this application to establish 

that you are removable from the United States.

If you obtain an order withholding your removal, you cannot 

be removed to the country where your life or freedom would 

be threatened. This means that you may be removed to a third 

country where your life or freedom would not be threatened. 

Withholding of removal does not adhere derivatively to any 

spouse or child included in the application; they would have to 

apply for such protection on their own.

If you are granted withholding of removal, this would not give 

you the right to bring your relatives to the United States. It 

also would not give you the right to apply for lawful 

permanent resident status in the United States.

The Convention Against Torture refers to the United Nations 

Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or 

Degrading Treatment or Punishment.

To be granted withholding of removal to a country under 

Article 3 of the Convention Against Torture, as implemented 

in U.S. law, you must show that it is more likely than not that 

you would be tortured in that country.

"Torture" is defined at 8 CFR sections 208.18(a) and 

1208.18(a), which incorporate the definitions in Article 1 of 

the Convention Against Torture as implemented in U.S. law. 

For an act to be considered torture, it must be an extreme form 

of cruel and inhuman treatment, it must cause severe physical 

or mental pain and suffering, and it must be specifically 

intended to cause severe pain and suffering. 

Withholding of Removal Under the Convention Against 

Torture

Torture is an act inflicted for such purposes as obtaining from 

the victim or a third person information or a confession, 

punishing the victim for an act he or she or a third person has 

committed or is suspected of having committed, intimidating 

or coercing the victim or a third person, or for any reason 

based on discrimination of any kind. 

Torture must be inflicted by or at the instigation of, or with 

the consent or acquiescence of, a public official or other 

person acting in an official capacity. The victim must be in 

the custody or physical control of the torturer. Torture does 

not include pain or suffering that arises only from, is inherent 

in, or is incidental to lawful sanctions, although such actions 

may not defeat the objective and purpose of the Convention 

Against Torture.

Form I-589, will be considered an application for withholding 

of removal under the Convention Against Torture if you tell 

the immigration judge that you would like to be considered for 

withholding of removal under the Convention Against Torture,

or if it is determined that evidence indicates that you may be 

tortured in the country of removal. 

To qualify for withholding of removal under section 241(b)(3) 

of the INA, you must establish that it is more likely than not 

that your life or freedom would be threatened on account of 

race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social 

group, or political opinion in the proposed country of removal.

Withholding of Removal Under Section 241(b)(3) of the INA
Form I-589 Instructions 03/01/23

You must include a detailed explanation of why you fear 

torture in response to Part B, Question 4 of the application. 

In your response, you must write about any mistreatment you 

experienced or any threats made against you by a government 

or somebody connected to a government.

Only immigration judges and the Board of Immigration 

Appeals may grant withholding of removal or deferral of 

removal under the Convention Against Torture. If you have 

applied for asylum, the immigration judge will first determine 

whether you are eligible for asylum under section 208 of the 

INA and for withholding of removal under section 241(b)(3) 

of the INA. If you are not eligible for either asylum under 

section 208 of the INA or withholding of removal under 

section 241(b)(3) of the INA, the immigration judge will 

determine whether the Convention Against Torture prohibits 

your removal to a country where you fear torture.

As implemented in U.S. law, Article 3 of the Convention 

Against Torture prohibits the United States from removing 

you to a country in which it is more likely than not that you 

would be subject to torture. The Convention Against Torture 

does not prohibit the United States from returning you to any 

other country where you would not be tortured. This means 

that you may be removed to a third country where you would 

not be tortured. Withholding of removal under the 

Convention Against Torture does not allow you to adjust to 

lawful permanent resident status or to petition to bring family 

members to come to, or remain in, the United States.

C. Deferral of Removal Under the Convention Against 

Torture

If it is more likely than not that you will be tortured in a 

country but you are ineligible for withholding of removal, 

your removal will be deferred under 8 CFR sections 208.17(a) 

and 1208.17(a). Deferral of removal does not confer any 

lawful or permanent immigration status in the United States 

and does not necessarily result in release from detention. 

Deferral of removal is effective only until it is terminated. 

Deferral of removal is subject to review and termination if it is 

determined that it is no longer more likely than not that you 

would be tortured in the country to which your removal is 

deferred or if you request that your deferral be terminated.

D. Legal Sources and Guidance Relating to Eligibility

The documents listed below are some of the legal sources and 

guidance relating to asylum, withholding of removal under 

section 241(b)(3) of the INA, and withholding of removal or 

deferral of removal under the Convention Against Torture. 

These sources are provided for reference only. You do not 

need to refer to them in order to complete your application. 

1. Section 101(a)(42) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(42) 

(defining"refugee"); 

7. The 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees; 

and

5. Article 3 of the Convention Against Torture and Other 

Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 

as implemented by section 2242(b) or the Foreign 

Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998 and 8 

CFR section 208, as amended by the Regulations 

Concerning the Convention Against Torture: Interim 

Rule, 64 FR 8478-8492 (February 19, 1999) (effective 

March 22, 1999); 64 FR 13881 (March 23, 1999); 

4. Title 8 of the CFR parts 103.2, 208 and 1208, et seq.;

6. The 1967 United Nations Protocol relating to the Status 

of Refugees;

8. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner 

for Refugees, Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for 

Determining Refugee Status (Geneva, 1992).

III. Confidentiality

The information collected will be used to make a 

determination on your application. It may also be provided 

to other government agencies (federal, state, local, and/or 

foreign) for purposes of investigation or legal action on 

criminal and/or civil matters and for issues arising from the 

adjudication of benefits. However, no information indicating 

that you have applied for asylum will be provided to any 

government or country from which you claim a fear of 

persecution. Regulations at 8 CFR sections 208.6 and 

1208.6 protect the confidentiality of asylum claims.

IV. Right to Counsel

Immigration law concerning asylum and withholding of 

removal or deferral or removal is complex. You have a right 

to provide your own legal representation at an asylum 

interview and during immigration proceedings before the 

Immigration Court at no cost to the U.S. Government.

If you need or would like help to complete this application and 

to prepare your written statements, assistance from pro bono 

(free) attorneys and/or voluntary agencies may be available. 

Voluntary agencies may help you for no fee or a reduced fee, 

and attorneys on the list referred to below may take your case 

for no fee. If you have not already received from USCIS or 

the Immigration Court a list of attorneys and accredited 

representatives, you may obtain a list by calling 1-800-375-5283

or visiting the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), Executive 

Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) website at

www.justice.gov/eoir/list-pro-bono-legal-service-providersmap.

3. Section 241(b)(3) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1231(b)(3) 

(regarding eligibility for withholding of removal);

To apply for withholding of removal under the Convention 

Against Torture, you must check the box at the top of Page 1

of the application and fully complete Form I-589. 

2. Section 208 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1158 (regarding 

eligibility for asylum); Part 1. Filing Instructions (continued)
Form I-589 Instructions 03/01/23

Representatives of the United Nations High Commissioner for 

Refugees (UNHCR) may be able to assist you in identifying 

persons to help you complete the application. RefWorld, a 

resource database available on UNHCR's website or at

www.refworld.org, provides useful country conditions 

information from a variety of sources. Contact information 

for the UNHCR is:

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 

1800 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 500 

Washington, DC 20036 

Telephone: 202-296-5191 

Email: usawa@unhcr.org

Website: www.unhcr.org

Calls from Detention Centers and Jails. Asylum-seekers in 

detention centers and jails may call UNHCR toll-free by 

dialing #566 or 1-888-272-1913 on Monday, Wednesday, and 

Friday, 2 p.m. - 5 p.m. (Eastern Standard Time).

V. Obtaining and Completing the Form

USCIS provides forms free of charge through the USCIS 

website. To view, print, or fill out our forms, you should use 

the latest version of Adobe Reader, which you can download 

for free at http://get.adobe.com/reader/. If you do not have 

internet access, you may call the USCIS Contact Center at 

1-800-375-5283 (TTY 1-800-767-1833) and ask that we mail 

a form to you. The USCIS Contact Center provides 

information in English and Spanish.

You must type or print all of your answers in black ink on 

Form I-589. Your answers must be completed in English. 

Forms completed in a language other than English will be 

returned to you. You must provide the specific information 

requested about you and your family and answer all the 

questions asked. 

If any question does not apply to you or you do not know the 

information requested, answer "none," "not applicable," or 

"unknown." 

You must provide detailed information and answer the 

questions as completely as possible. If you file your 

application with missing information, we may return it to you 

as incomplete. If you need more space, attach Form I-589 

Supplement A or B (included in the application package) and/

or additional sheet(s) indicating the question number(s) you 

are answering.

You are strongly urged to attach additional written statements 

and documents that support your claim. Your written 

statements should include events, dates, and details of your 

experiences that relate to your claim for asylum.

NOTE: Put your Alien Registration Number (A-Number) (if 

any), name (exactly as it appears in Part A.I. of the form), 

signature, and date on each supplemental sheet and on the 

cover page of any supporting documents.

You can amend or supplement your application at the time of 

your asylum interview with an asylum officer and at your 

hearing in Immigration Court by providing additional 

information and explanations about your asylum claim.

Part A.I. Information About You

This part asks for basic information about you. Alien 

Registration Number (A-Number) refers to your USCIS file 

number. If you do not already have an A-Number, USCIS will 

assign one to you. 

If you entered the country with inspection, Form I-94 

number referred to in Question 19b is the number on Form 

I-94, Arrival/Departure Record, given to you when you 

entered the United States. In Question 19c, enter the date and 

status as it appears on Form I-94. If you did not receive Form 

I-94, write "None." If you entered without being inspected by 

an immigration officer, write "No Inspection" in Question 19c

in the current status or status section.

You must provide your residential street address (the address 

where you physically live) in the United States in Part A.I., 

Question 8, of the asylum application. You may also provide 

a mailing address, if different from the address where you 

reside, in Question 9. If someone else is collecting your mail 

for you at your mailing address, you may enter that person's 

name in the "In Care Of" field in your response to Question 9. 

If your mailing address is a post office box, include that 

address in Question 9 and include a residential address where 

you physically live in Question 8.

In Question 13, use the current name of the country. Do not 

use historical, ethnic, provincial, or other local names.

Part A.II. Information About Your Spouse and Children

You must list your spouse and all of your children, including 

your stepchildren, deceased children, adopted children, and 

adult children, in this application, regardless of their age, 

marital status, whether they are in the United States, or 

whether or not they are included in this application or are 

filing a separate asylum application.

In addition, you may include in your asylum application your 

spouse and/or any children who are under 21 years of age and 

unmarried, if they are in the United States. Children who are 

married and/or children who are 21years of age or older must 

file separately for asylum by submitting their own Form I-589. 

Including your spouse and/or your children in your asylum 

application means that if USCIS or EOIR approves your 

application, your spouse or children will also be approved. 

If you apply for asylum while in proceedings before the 

Immigration Court, the immigration judge may not have 

authority to grant asylum to any spouse or child included in 

your application who is not also in proceedings.

On the other hand, if you are not approved for asylum, your 

spouse or children are also not approved.

Part 1. Filing Instructions (continued)
Form I-589 Instructions 03/01/23

When including family members in your asylum application, 

you must submit primary documentary evidence establishing 

your family relationship for each family member, as described 

below:

2. If you are including any unmarried children under 21 

years of age in your application, submit a copy of each 

child's birth certificate.

1. If you are including your spouse in your application, 

submit a copy of your marriage certificate and proof of 

termination of any prior marriages.

If you do not have and are unable to obtain these documents, 

you must submit secondary evidence. Secondary evidence 

includes but is not limited to medical records, religious 

records, and school records. You may also submit an affidavit 

from at least one person for each event you are trying to prove. 

Affidavits may be provided by relatives or others. Persons 

providing affidavits need not be U.S. citizens or lawful 

permanent residents.

1. Fully describe the circumstances or event(s) in question 

and fully explain how the person acquired knowledge of 

the event(s); 

3. Show the full name, address, and date and place of birth 

of each person giving the affidavit and indicate any 

relationship between you and the person giving the 

affidavit.

2. Be sworn to or affirmed by persons who were alive at 

the time of the event(s) and have personal knowledge of 

the event(s) (date and place of birth, marriage, etc.) that 

you are trying to prove; and

Affidavits must:

If you submit secondary evidence or affidavits, you must 

explain why primary evidence (for example, birth or marriage 

certificate) is unavailable. You may explain the reasons 

primary evidence is unavailable using Form I-589 Supplement 

B or additional sheets of paper. Attach this explanation to 

your secondary evidence or affidavits.

If you have more than four children, complete Form I-589 

Supplement A for each additional child or attach additional 

pages and documentation providing the same information 

asked in Part A.II. of Form I-589.

Answer Questions 1 - 5, providing details as requested for 

each question. Your responses to the questions concerning the 

places you have lived, your education, and your employment 

history must be in reverse chronological order starting with 

your current residence, education, and employment and 

working back in time.

Part A.III. Information About Your Background

Part B. Information About Your Application

This part asks specific questions relevant to eligibility for 

asylum, for withholding of removal under section 241(b)(3) of 

the Act, or for withholding of removal under the Convention 

Against Torture. For Question 1, check the box(es) next to 

the reason(s) that you are completing this application. For all 

other questions, check "Yes" or "No" in the box provided. 

If you have experienced harm that is difficult for you to write 

down and express, you must be aware that these experiences 

may be very important to the decision-making process 

regarding your request to remain in the United States. At your 

interview with an asylum officer or hearing with an immigration 

judge, you will need to be prepared to discuss the harm you 

have suffered. If you are having trouble remembering or talking 

about past events, we suggest that you talk to a lawyer, an 

accredited representative, or a health professional who may be 

able to help you explain your experiences and current situation.

If you answer "Yes" to any question, explain in detail using 

Form I-589, Supplement B or additional sheets of paper, as 

needed. 

You must clearly describe any of your experiences, or those of 

family members or others who have had similar experiences 

that may show that you are a refugee. 

Part C. Additional Information About Your Application

Check "Yes" or "No" in the box provided for each question. If 

you answer "Yes" to any question, explain in detail using 

Form I-589 Supplement B or additional sheets of paper, as 

needed.

If you answer "Yes" to Question 5, you must explain why you 

did not apply for asylum within the first year after you arrived 

in the United States. The Government will accept as an 

explanation certain changes in the conditions in your country, 

certain changes in your own circumstances, and certain other 

events that may have prevented you from applying earlier. 

For example, some of the events the Government might 

consider as valid explanations include but are not limited to 

the following:

2. Because of your health, you were not able to submit this 

application within 1 year after you arrived;

1. You have learned that human rights conditions in your 

country have worsened since you left;

3. You previously submitted an application, but it was 

returned to you because it was not complete, and you 

submitted a complete application within a reasonable 

amount of time.

Federal regulations specify some of the other types of events 

that may also qualify as valid explanations for why you filed 

late. These regulations are found at 8 CFR, sections 208.4 and 

1208.4. The list in the regulations is not all-inclusive, and the 

Government recognizes that there are many other 

circumstances that might be acceptable reasons for filing more 

than 1 year after arrival.

Part 1. Filing Instructions (continued)
Form I-589 Instructions 03/01/23

If you are unable to explain why you did not apply for asylum 

within the first year after you arrived in the United States or 

your explanation is not accepted by the Government, you may 

not be eligible to apply for asylum, but you could still be 

eligible for withholding of removal under INA section 

241(b)(3), or for protection from removal under the 

Convention Against Torture.

Part D. Your Signature

You must sign your application in Part D and respond to the 

questions concerning any assistance you received to complete 

your application, providing the information requested. Sign 

after you have completed and reviewed the application.

If it is determined that you have knowingly made a 

frivolous application for asylum, you can be permanently 

ineligible for any benefits under the INA. (See section 

208(d)(6) of the INA.)

According to regulations at 8 CFR sections 208.20 and 

1208.20, an application is frivolous if any of its material 

elements is deliberately fabricated. (See Section IV, Right to 

Counsel, in Part 1 of these instructions if you have any 

questions.) You may not avoid a frivolous finding simply 

because someone advised or told you to provide false 

information on your asylum application. 

Part E. Declaration of Person Preparing Form, if Other 

Than Applicant, Spouse, Parent, or Child

Any person, other than an immediate family member (your 

spouse, parent(s) or children), who helped prepare your 

application must sign the application in Part E and provide 

the information requested.

All statements in response to questions contained in this 

application are declared to be true and correct under penalty 

of perjury. You and anyone, other than an immediate family 

member, who assists you in preparing the application must 

sign the application under penalty of perjury. Your signature 

is evidence that you are aware of the contents of this 

application. Any person assisting you in preparing this 

application, other than an immediate family member, must 

include his or her name, address, and telephone number and 

sign the application where indicated in Part E. 

Penalty for Perjury 

Failure of the preparer to sign will result in the application 

being returned to you as an incomplete application.

If USCIS or EOIR later learns that you received assistance 

from someone other than an immediate family member and 

the person who assisted you willfully failed to sign the 

application, this may result in an adverse ruling against you.

Title 18, United States Code (U.S.C.), section 1546(a), 

provides in part:

Whoever knowingly makes under oath, or as permitted 

under penalty of perjury under section 1746 of title 28, 

knowingly subscribes as true, any false statement with 

respect to a material fact in any application, affidavit, 

or other document required by the immigration laws or 

regulations prescribed thereunder, or knowingly presents 

any such application, affidavit, or other document 

containing any such false statement shall be fined in 

accordance with this title or imprisoned not more than 

10 years, or both. 

If aggravating factors exist, the maximum term of imprisonment

could reach 25 years.

If you knowingly provide false information on this application,

you or the preparer of this application may be subject to 

criminal penalties under title 18 of the U.S.C. and to civil 

penalties under section 274C of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1324c (see 

8 CFR parts 270 and 1270).

Part F. To Be Completed at Asylum Interview, if 

Applicable

Do not sign your application in Part F before filing this form. 

You will be asked to sign your application in this space at the 

conclusion of the interview regarding your claim.

NOTE: You must, however, sign Part D of the application.

Part G. To Be Completed at Removal Hearing, 

 if Applicable

You are reminded again that, if is determined that you 

have knowingly made a frivolous application for asylum, 

you may be permanently ineligible for any benefits under 

the INA. (See section 208(d)(6) of the INA.) 

NOTE: You must, however, sign Part D of the application.

Do not sign your application in Part G before filing this form. 

You will be asked to sign your application in this space at the 

hearing before the immigration judge. 

According to regulations at 8 CFR sections 208.20 and 

1208.20, an application is frivolous if any of its material 

elements is deliberately fabricated. Again, note that you may 

not avoid a frivolous finding simply because someone advised 

or told you to provide false information on your asylum 

application.

Part 1. Filing Instructions (continued)
Form I-589 Instructions 03/01/23

You must submit the following documents to apply for asylum 

and withholding of removal:

1. The completed, signed original copy of your 

completed application, Form I-589, and the original of 

any supplementary sheets and supplementary statements. 

If you choose to submit additional supporting material, 

see Section VII. Additional Evidence That You Must 

Submit, in Part 1 of these instructions. You should 

make and keep an additional copy of the completed 

application for your own records. 

VI. Required Documents That You Must Submit 

With Your Application

2. One copy of primary or secondary evidence of 

relationship, such as birth or school records of your 

children, marriage certificate, or proof of termination of 

marriage, for each family member listed in Part A.II. 

that you are including in your application.

NOTE: If you submit an affidavit, you must submit 

one copy. (For affidavit requirements, see Part A.II in 

Part 1., Section V. of these instructions.)

3. One copy of all passports or other travel documents

(cover to cover) in your possession and one copy of any 

U.S. immigration documents, such as a Form I-94, 

Arrival/Departure Record, for you and each family 

member included in your application, if you have such 

documents. Do not submit original passports or travel 

documents unless specifically requested.

4. If you have other identification documents (for 

example, birth certificate, military or national 

identification card, driver's license, etc.), we recommend 

that you submit one copy with your application and 

bring the original(s) with you to the interview.

Copies. Documents filed with this application should be 

photocopies. If you choose to send an original document, 

USCIS or the Immigration Court may keep that original 

document for its records.

Translations. Any document containing foreign language 

submitted to USCIS must be accompanied by a full English 

language translation that the translator has certified as complete 

and accurate, and by the translator's certification that he or she is 

competent to translate from the foreign language into English.

VII. Additional Evidence That You Must 

Submit

You must submit reasonably available corroborative evidence 

showing (1) the general conditions in the country from which 

you are seeking asylum, and (2) the specific facts on which 

you are relying to support your claim. 

If evidence supporting your claim is not reasonably available 

or you are not providing such corroboration at this time, you 

must explain why, using Form I-589 Supplement B or 

additional sheets of paper. 

Supporting evidence may include but is not limited to 

newspaper articles, affidavits of witnesses or experts, medical 

and/or psychological records, doctors' statements, periodicals, 

journals, books, photographs, official documents, or personal 

statements or live testimony from witnesses or experts.

If you have difficulty discussing harm you have suffered in the 

past, you may wish to submit a health professional's report 

explaining this difficulty.

VIII. Fee

There is no fee for filing this application.

IX. Biometrics, Including Fingerprints 

 and Photographs

Applicants for asylum are subject to a biometrics check of all 

appropriate records and other information databases 

maintained by the Department of Homeland Security, the 

Department of Justice, and the Department of State.

You and your spouse and children will be given instructions 

on how to complete this requirement. You will be notified in 

writing of the time and location of the Application Support 

Center (ASC) where you must go to be fingerprinted and 

photographed.

You and your eligible spouse or children, regardless of age, 

listed on your asylum application must provide biometrics to 

initiate the required background investigations or for identity 

verification.

If filing with USCIS, unexcused failure to appear for a 

scheduled appointment or to provide your required biometrics, 

including fingerprints and photograph, or to provide other 

biographical information within the time allowed, may delay 

employment authorization and/or result in an asylum officer 

dismissing your asylum application or referring it to an 

immigration judge. For applicants before an immigration 

judge, such failure without good cause may constitute an 

abandonment of your asylum application and result in the 

denial of employment authorization. (See 8 CFR sections 

208.7(a)(1)(v) and 1003.47(d)).

Part 1. Filing Instructions (continued)
Form I-589 Instructions 03/01/23

X. Organizing Your Application

Your original Form I-589, with all questions completed, and 

the application signed by you in Part D and signed by any 

preparer in Part E; and 

Organize your application together in the following order, 

forming one complete package (if possible, secure with binder 

clips and rubber bands so that material may be easily 

separated):

3. One copy of any additional supporting documentation; 

and

4. One copy of the evidence of your relationship to your 

spouse and unmarried children under 21 years of age 

that you are including in your application, if any.

1. One Form G-28, Notice of Entry of Appearance as 

Attorney or Accredited Representative, signed by you 

and the attorney or representative, if you are represented 

by an attorney or representative;

Behind your original Form I-589, attach in the following order:

NOTE: Any additional pages submitted should include your 

printed name (exactly as it appears in Part A.I. of the 

application), A-Number (if any), signature and date.

2. The originals of all supplementary sheets and 

supplementary statements submitted with your 

application;

XII. Where to File?

Although USCIS will confirm in writing its receipt of your 

application, you may wish to send the completed forms by 

registered mail (return receipt requested) for your own records.

If you are in proceedings in Immigration Court, unless you 

are filing as an unaccompanied alien child (UAC):

If you are currently in proceedings in Immigration Court (that 

is, if you have been served with Form I-221, Order to Show 

Cause and Notice of Hearing; Form I-122, Notice to Applicant 

for Admission Detained for Hearing Before Immigration 

Judge; Form I-862, Notice to Appear; or Form I-863, Notice 

of Referral to Immigration Judge), you are required to file 

your Form I-589 with the Immigration Court having 

jurisdiction over your case.

At the master calendar hearing, counsel for DHS will provide 

you with instructions for providing biometric and biographical 

information to USCIS that you must follow. These 

instructions may also be obtained at www.uscis.gov/laws/

immigration-benefits-eoir-removal-proceedings. The 

following paragraphs describe the instructions that you will 

have to follow.

The filing of a complete application starts the 150-day period 

you must wait before you may apply for employment 

authorization. If your application is not complete and is 

returned to you, the 150-day period will not begin until you 

resubmit a complete application. (See Part 2 Section V, 

Employment Authorization While Your Application Is 

Pending, of these instructions for further information 

regarding eligibility for employment authorization.)

XI. Incomplete Asylum Applications

An asylum application that is incomplete will be returned to 

you by mail within 30 days of receipt of the application by 

USCIS. An application that has not been returned to you 

within 30 days of having been received by USCIS will be 

considered complete, and you will receive written 

acknowledgement of receipt from USCIS.

1. The application does not include a response to each of 

the questions contained in Form I-589;

2. The application is unsigned; or

3. You indicated in Part D that someone prepared the 

application other than yourself or an immediate family 

member and the preparer failed to complete Part E of 

the asylum application.

An application will be considered incomplete in each of the 

following cases:

3. A copy of the instructions provided by counsel for DHS 

that you received at your first master calendar hearing in 

immigration removal proceedings.

USCIS Nebraska Service Center 

Defensive Asylum Application with Immigration Court 

P.O. Box 87589 

Lincoln, NE 68501-7589 

NOTE: There is no filing fee required for Form I-589 

applications.

2. A copy of Form G-28, Notice of Entry of Appearance as 

Attorney or Accredited Representative, if you are 

represented; and

1. A clear copy of the first three pages of your completed 

Form I-589 that you will be filing or have filed with the 

Immigration Court, which must include your full name, 

current residential address, current mailing address, 

and A-Number. Do not submit any documents other 

than the first three pages of the completed Form I-589; 

Send the following three items to the USCIS Nebraska 

Service Center:

In addition to filing your Form I-589 with the Immigration 

Court and serving a copy on the appropriate U.S. Immigration 

and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Office of the Chief Counsel, 

you must also complete the following requirements before the 

immigration judge can grant relief or protection in your case.

If you are not in proceedings in Immigration Court or before 

the Board of Immigration Appeals:

Mail your completed Form I-589 and any other additional 

information as indicated on the USCIS website:

www.uscis.gov/i-589. 

Part 1. Filing Instructions (continued)
Form I-589 Instructions 03/01/23

After the three items are received at the USCIS Nebraska 

Service Center, you will receive:

1. A USCIS receipt notice indicating that USCIS received 

your Form I-589; and 

2. An Application Support Center (ASC) notice for you 

and any eligible spouse and children included in your 

Form I-589 who are also in removal proceedings. Each 

ASC notice will indicate the individual's unique receipt 

number and will provide instructions for each person to 

appear for an appointment at a nearby ASC for collection

of biometrics (such as your photograph, fingerprints, 

and signature). If you do not receive the ASC notice in 

3 weeks, call 1-800-375-5283 (TTY: 1-800-767-1833).

NOTE: If you also mail applications for other forms of relief 

that you are applying for while in removal proceedings, as 

specified by the instructions provided by counsel for DHS at 

your master calendar hearing, you will receive two notices 

with different receipt numbers. You must wait for and take 

both scheduling notices to your ASC appointment.

You (and your eligible spouse and children, regardless of age) 

must then:

1. Attend the biometrics appointment at the ASC and 

obtain a biometrics confirmation document before 

leaving the ASC; and

2. Retain your ASC biometrics confirmation as proof 

that your biometrics were taken and bring it to your 

future Immigration Court hearings.

NOTE: If the instructions above should change for 

submitting copies of the first three pages of your asylum 

application to the USCIS Nebraska Service Center for 

purposes of receiving the receipt notice and ASC scheduling 

appointment, you will be provided the changed instructions, 

either at the master calendar hearing or at another point in the 

Immigration Court proceedings. Follow the instructions you 

are provided, or else you may not receive the ASC biometrics 

scheduling notice in a timely manner.

1. After completion of exclusion, deportation, or removal 

proceedings, and in conjunction with a motion to reopen 

under 8 CFR part 1003, with the Immigration Court 

having jurisdiction over the prior proceeding, any such 

motion must reasonably explain the failure to request 

asylum prior to the completion of the proceedings; or

2. In proceedings under 8 CFR 208.2(c) and 1208.2(c) and 

after Form I-863, Notice of Referral to Immigration 

Judge, has been served on you and filed with the 

Immigration Court, an immigration judge will have 

exclusive jurisdiction over your case.

If you received an instruction sheet from Counsel for DHS 

when you attended a hearing in Immigration Court, or if you 

have a copy of documentation provided by the Department of 

Health and Human Services, Office of Refugee Resettlement 

(ORR) showing that you are, or that you were in ORR custody 

as a UAC, such as the UAC Initial Placement Referral Form

or the ORR Verification of Release Form, please submit those 

documents with your application package as well.

Special Filing Instructions for an Unaccompanied Alien 

Child (UAC)

If you are a child in removal proceedings and filing as a UAC, 

mail your completed application package as indicated on the 

USCIS website: www.uscis.gov/i-589.

If you are a UAC but you are not in removal proceedings, 

please submit your Form I-589 application package as directed 

below in the discussion entitled, “If you are not in proceedings 

in Immigration Court or before the Board of Immigration 

Appeals.”

You may file your Form I-589 with the Board of Immigration 

Appeals in conjunction with a motion to remand or reopen 

under 8 CFR 1003.2 and 1003.8. You may file an initial Form 

I-589 with the Board of Immigration Appeals only if the 

Board of Immigration Appeals has jurisdiction over your case. 

Any such motion must reasonably explain the failure to 

request asylum and/or withholding of removal prior to the 

completion of the proceedings.

If you are in proceedings before the Board of Immigration

Appeals:

Information concerning asylum offices and where to file 

asylum applications is also available on the USCIS website at 

www.uscis.gov.

Part 1. Filing Instructions (continued)
Form I-589 Instructions 03/01/23

You may file your completed Form I-589 with the Asylum 

Vetting Center if:

1. You have received the express consent of the Asylum 

Office Director or the Director of the Asylum Division 

to do so; or

2. You were previously included in a spouse's or parent's 

pending application but you are no longer eligible to be 

included as a derivative applicant. In such cases, you 

must include a cover letter referencing the previous 

application and explaining that you are now 

independently filing for asylum.

If you previously applied for and were denied asylum by 

USCIS or if you were previously included in a spouse's or 

parent's pending application but you are no longer eligible to 

be included as a dependent, mail your completed Form I-589 

to the Asylum Vetting Center. (See www.uscis.gov/asylum

for information on Asylum Office jurisdiction.) Include a 

letter with your application stating that you previously applied 

for asylum and were denied or that you are now filing 

independently for asylum. Reference in the letter the 

application on which you were a dependent.

The following categories of individuals are not entitled to an 

asylum interview at a USCIS asylum office:

1. Certain alien crewmembers;

2. Certain stowaways;

3. Visa Waiver Program applicants for admission;

4. Visa Waiver Program overstays and status violators;

5. Certain aliens ordered removed under section 235(c) of 

the INA on security-related grounds; and

6. Aliens granted S nonimmigrant status under section 

101(a)(15)(S) of the INA (such as witnesses and 

informants).

Individuals subject to these special categories who file asylum 

applications with USCIS will be served with Form I-863, 

Notice of Referral to Immigration Judge, when they appear at 

the USCIS asylum office and will be referred to Immigration 

Court for an asylum-only hearing.

If you fall into one of the above categories and you have not 

yet been served with Form I-863, you may file your completed 

Form I-589 with the USCIS office having jurisdiction over 

your application. The Asylum Office Director may elect to 

serve you with Form I-863, in which case the asylum office 

director will forward your asylum application to the 

appropriate Immigration Court.

If you are an alien crewmember in custody and you have been 

given Form I-589 as well as information about the privilege of 

being represented by counsel and the consequences of 

knowingly filing a frivolous asylum application, you have 10 

days within which to submit your completed Form I-589 to the 

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Field 

Office Director having jurisdiction over the Port of Entry at 

which your vessel arrived. The Field Office Director may 

extend the 10-day filing period for good cause. Once you file 

your application, the Field Office Director will serve you with 

Form I-863 and immediately forward your application to the 

appropriate Immigration Court.

Part 2. Information Regarding Post-Filing 

Requirements

I. Notification Requirements When Your 

Address Changes

If you change your address, you must inform USCIS in 

writing within 10 days of moving.

While your asylum application is pending with the asylum 

office, you must notify the asylum office on Form AR-11, 

Alien's Change of Address Card, or by a signed and dated 

letter notifying USCIS within 10 days after you change 

your address.

The address that you provide on the application, or the last 

change of address notification that you submitted, will be used 

by USCIS for mailing. Any notices mailed to that address will 

constitute adequate service, except that personal service may 

be required for the following: Form I-122, Notice to Alien 

Detained for Hearing by Immigration Judge; Form I-221, 

Order to Show Cause; Form I-862, Notice to Appear; Form 

I-863, Notice of Referral to Immigration Judge; and Form 

I-860, Notice and Order of Expedited Removal.

If you are already in proceedings in Immigration Court, 

you must notify the Immigration Court on EOIR Form 33/

IC, Change of Address Form/Immigration Court, of any 

changes of address within 5 days of the change in address. 

You must send the notification to the Immigration Court 

having jurisdiction over your case. You must also notify 

USCIS on Form AR-11, Alien's Change of Address Card, or 

by a signed and dated letter within 10 days after you change 

your address.

Part 1. Filing Instructions (continued)
Form I-589 Instructions 03/01/23

You have the right to legal representation at your interview, at 

no cost to the U.S. Government. (See Section IV, Right to 

Counsel.) You also may bring witnesses with you to the 

interview to testify on your behalf.

If you are unable to proceed with the asylum interview in 

fluent English, you must provide, at no expense to USCIS, 

a competent interpreter fluent in both English and a 

language that you speak fluently.

Your interpreter must be at least 18 years of age. The 

following persons cannot serve as your interpreter: your 

attorney or representative of record, a witness testifying on 

your behalf at the interview, or a representative or employee 

of your country. Quality interpretation may be crucial to your 

claim. This assistance must be obtained at your expense prior 

to the interview.

Failure without good cause to bring a competent 

interpreter to your interview may be considered an 

unexcused failure to appear for the interview. Any 

unexcused failure to appear for an interview may prevent 

you from receiving employment authorization, and your 

asylum application may be dismissed or referred directly 

to the Immigration Court.

If you are deaf, or if you are hard of hearing and need a sign 

language interpreter in your language, one will be provided for 

you. Contact the Asylum Office with jurisdiction over your 

case as soon as you receive a notice for your asylum interview 

to notify the office that you will need a sign language 

interpreter in your language so that accommodations can be 

made in advance.

USCIS recommends that you bring a copy of your Form I-589 

with you when you have your asylum interview. An asylum 

officer will interview you under oath and make a determination 

concerning your claim. In most cases, you will not be notified 

of the decision in your case until a date after your interview.

II. Asylum Interview Process

If you are not in proceedings in Immigration Court or before 

the Board of Immigration Appeals, you will be notified by the 

USCIS Asylum Office of the time, date, and place (address) 

of a scheduled interview. 

If available, you must bring some form of identification to 

your interview, including any passport(s), other travel or 

identification documents, or Form I-94, Arrival/Departure 

Record. You may bring to the interview any additional 

available items documenting your claim that you have not 

already submitted with your application.

If members of your family are included in your application for 

asylum, they must also appear for the interview and bring any 

identity or travel documents they have in their possession.

IV. Travel Outside the United States

If you leave the United States without first obtaining advance 

parole from USCIS using Form I-131, Application for Travel 

Document, we will presume that you have abandoned your 

application. If you obtain advance parole and return to the 

country of claimed persecution, we will presume that you 

abandoned your asylum application, unless you can show that 

there were compelling reasons for your return.

NOTE: The application process for advance parole varies 

depending on your personal circumstances. Use InfoPass on 

the USCIS website to check with your local USCIS District 

Office for application instructions. Additional information on 

obtaining advance parole is available from the USCIS website 

at www.uscis.gov.

V. Employment Authorization While Your 

Application Is Pending

Simply filing an application for asylum does not entitle you to 

employment authorization. You may request permission to 

work if your asylum application is pending and 150 days have 

lapsed since your application was accepted by USCIS or the 

Immigration Court. (See 8 CFR sections 208.7(a)(1) and 

1208.7(a)(1).) Any delay in the processing of your asylum 

application that you request or cause will not be counted as 

part of the 150-day period.

You will be granted permission to work if your asylum 

application is granted.

While your case is pending, you will be permitted to remain in 

the United States. After your asylum interview, if you have 

not been granted asylum and appear to be removable under 

section 237 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1227, or inadmissible under 

section 212 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1182, the asylum office will 

refer your application, together with the appropriate charging 

document, to the Immigration Court for adjudication in 

removal proceedings.

III. Status While Your Application Is Pending

Each family member whom you have asked to be included in 

your application and who also wants permission to work must 

submit a separate Form I-765.

You may obtain copies of Form I-765 by calling the USCIS 

Contact Center at 1-800-375-5283 or from the USCIS website 

at www.uscis.gov.

If your asylum application has not been denied within 180 

days from the date of filing a complete asylum application, 

you may be granted permission to work by filing Form I-765, 

Application for Employment Authorization, with USCIS. 

Follow the instructions on that application and submit it with a 

copy of evidence as specified in the instructions that you have 

a pending asylum application.
Form I-589 Instructions 03/01/23

DISCLOSURE: The information you provide is voluntary. 

However, failure to provide the requested information, and 

any requested evidence, may delay a final decision or result in 

the denial of your benefit request.

ROUTINE USES: DHS may share the information you 

provide on this benefit application with other federal, state, 

local, and foreign government agencies and authorized 

organizations. DHS follows approved routine uses described 

in the associated published system of records notices [DHS/

USCIS-001 - Alien File, Index, and National File Tracking 

and DHS/USCIS-010 - Asylum Information and PreScreening] which you can find at www.dhs.gov/privacy and 

EOIR-001, Records Management Information System, 69 Fed. 

Reg 26, 179 (May 11, 2004) or its successors. DHS may also 

share the information, as appropriate, for law enforcement 

purposes or in the interest of national security.

You can get USCIS forms and immigration-related 

information on the USCIS website at www.uscis.gov. If you 

do not have internet access, you may order USCIS forms by 

calling the USCIS Contact Center at 1-800-375-5283. (For 

TTY (deaf or hard of hearing) call: 1-800-767-1833).

USCIS Forms and Information

Additional information concerning asylum and withholding of 

removal is available on the USCIS website at 

www.uscis.gov/asylum and the EOIR website at 

www.usdoj.gov/eoir.

DHS Privacy Notice

AUTHORITIES: The information requested on this 

application, and the associated evidence, is collected under the 

Immigration and Nationality Act sections 208 and 241(b)(3). 

PURPOSE: The primary purpose for providing the requested 

information on this form is to determine eligibility for asylum 

in the United States, and for withholding of removal. The 

information may also be used to apply for deferral of removal 

under the Convention Against Torture.

Penalties

If you knowingly and willfully falsify or conceal a material 

fact or submit a false document with Form I-589, we will deny 

your Form I-589 and may deny any other immigration benefit.

In addition, you will face severe penalties provided by law and 

may be subject to criminal prosecution.

For specific information, see Part E in Part 1, Section V, of 

these instructions.

Form I-589, Supplement B - For use to complete Parts B

and C and to provide additional information for any other part 

of the application.

Supplements to Form I-589

Form I-589, Supplement A - For use to complete Part A.II.

An agency may not conduct or sponsor an information 

collection and a person is not required to respond to a 

collection of information unless it displays a currently valid 

OMB control number. The public reporting burden for this 

collection of information is estimated at 12 hours per 

response, including the time for reviewing instructions, and 

completing and submitting the form. Send comments 

regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this 

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing 

this burden to: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, 

Office of Policy & Strategy, Regulatory Coordination 

Division, 5900 Capital Gateway Drive, Mail Stop #2140, 

Camp Springs, MD 20588-0009; OMB No. 1516-0067. Do 

not mail your completed Form I-589 to this address.

Paperwork Reduction Act