# Patent

## Title
Distributed network system which transmits information to users based on past transactions of the users

## Abstract

A geographic-based communications service system has a mobile unit for transmitting/receiving information, and access points connected to a network. The access points are arranged in a known geographic locations and transmit and receive information from the mobile unit. When one of the access points detects the presence of the mobile unit, it sends a signal to the network indicating the location of the mobile unit and the information requested by the mobile unit. Based on the signal received from the access point, the network communicates with information providers connected to the network and provides data to the mobile unit through the access point corresponding to the location of the mobile unit.

## Background
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/382,551 filed Aug. 25, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,326,918, titled “Method and Apparatus for Geographic-Based Communications Service”, which was a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/186,131, filed Nov. 4, 1998, titled “System for Hybrid Wired and Wireless Geographic-Based Communications Service”, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,969,678, which was a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/470,004, filed Jun. 6, 1995, titled “Method and Apparatus for Geographic-Based Communications Service” now U.S. Pat. No. 5,835,061.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention generally relates to a geographic-based communications service and, more particularly, is concerned with an apparatus and method for using known locations of wireless local area network access points (APs) to service mobile users (MUs) of portable smart devices (e.g., notebook, personal computers, PDA, etc.) who are in the vicinity of these APs.
2. Related Art
As technology improvements result in smaller, lighter and more portable computing devices, a wide variety of new applications and users will emerge. Users will not only operate such devices in stand alone mode, but with portability, users will also require the ability to send and receive information through such devices at any location. The need to communicate will arise in circumstances where hard wired links may not be readily available or practical or when the user of the portable computing device cannot be reached immediately. Moreover, a result of user mobility is that the precise location of the user is often variable or not determined. Conventional communications systems for computing devices are not equipped to handle such communication scenarios.
Commercially available personal computers or other similar devices are generally equipped with industry standard interface ports for driving a peripheral device such as a printer, a plotter, or a modem. While operating in an unknown, remote location not connected to a network, the portable personal computer user may be unaware of messages waiting for him. In addition, conventionally, the user must wait until reaching an office or other place with appropriate equipment to receive such messages and to transmit or print documents or other information prepared by the user on his personal device.
By way of example and not limitation, one type of mobile user is the traveller who passes through airports or similar mass transit centers (e.g., subway commuters), uses ground transportation and stays in a hotel. In a typical scenario, a traveller may use a personal computer to perform calculations or prepare documents on a personal computing device during an airplane flight. Simultaneously, associates may leave messages for the traveller on a network. In conventional systems, the users's work product and messages destined for the user are not available until the user arrives at a location where a wired connection to the user's network is available.
A further example of inefficiencies for the traveller concerns travel arrangements themselves. After arriving at an airport, the traveller proceeds to a car rental desk or to some other transportation location. The traveller typically waits in line while the car rental agency inquires about automobile preference, driver's license, method of payment, type of insurance required, etc. Having experienced some delay, the traveller is now on his way to a business location or hotel. Upon arriving at a hotel check-in/registration desk, the traveller often experiences further delay waiting in line and providing the check-in clerk with routine information such as address, length of stay, type of room desired, method of payment, etc. In addition, the business traveller must call back to his office to check for telephone messages, thereby incurring further delays.
While accessing data bases for information about the traveller, his preferences and requirements can reduce such delays, a common characteristic is that the pending arrival or presence of the traveller is not known to those who can act in advance. Further, conventional systems cannot generally locate a mobile user of a personal computing device and take advantage of that information to reduce the time required to complete routine activities or to provide the user options that can enhance the user's productivity.
In another example, when a user dials a telephone number to an automatic teller machine (ATM) locator, the user is prompted to key in his area code and exchange prefix. The locator system then identifies one or more ATMs within the user's area. However, the system requires the user to call in and cannot locate the user any more accurately than the telephone exchange area. Thus, the user could be advised of an ATM quite a physical distance from the user's location.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the above limitations of the related art an object of the invention is to provide a system in which a mobile user can be geographically located automatically.
It is another object of the invention to provide a system which can automatically locate a user with greater precision than is currently available.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a system which integrates personal computing devices to networks such that routine tasks, such as travel routing can be accomplished more efficiently.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a system that allows a user to employ a personal computing device more effectively and to utilize otherwise idle time, such as time spent waiting at a car rental desk, a hotel registration desk and the like.
According to the invention, mobile users communicate with wireless local area networks within the range of an access point (AP). When a user passes an access point, the access point recognizes the user, and the user's device can then retrieve data (telephone, E-mail messages, etc.) waiting for the user and transmit information (E-mail messages, print documents, requests for information from service providers, etc.) that the user may have for transmission to a desired recipient. For instance, this process could occur as a user exits an airplane and is detected by an access point in an airport.
Accordingly, the present invention is a directed toward a method and apparatus for using known locations of local area network APs (access points) to service mobile users who are in the vicinity of these APs. Such access points and mobile units typically communicate with each other in a wireless manner. The method according to the invention includes the steps of: (a) detecting the presence of a mobile unit in the vicinity of an access point and (b) transmitting/receiving information from the mobile unit to/from the network through the access point.
According to the invention, information and services can be provided by various providers connected to the network which are able to respond to unanticipated requests or which have acquired knowledge about the user's requirements, preferences and habits over a period of time and have extrapolated information from the user's past practices for probable future actions consistent with these past actions.
For example, in one application, an access point receives a print job from a user's mobile unit and sends it to a printer available at a destination point designated by the user so that the document is printed and available to the user upon his arrival at his destination. In another application according to the invention, upon detecting the arrival of a user's mobile unit at a destination, a message, for example, an E-mail message, is sent to the user's rental car agency. The agency can take appropriate actions so that the user's rental car is ready and the user does not waste time waiting in line. Using a similar approach, a user can be pre-registered at a hotel so that his room is ready upon arrival.
Thus, according to the invention, a geographic-based communications service system for mobile users includes a mobile unit for transmitting and receiving information and a plurality of access points connected to a network and arranged at known locations in a geographic region for transmitting the information to and receiving the information from said mobile unit. One of the access points detects the presence of a mobile unit and sends a signal to the network. A plurality of information providers are connected to the network. The network accesses the information providers based on the signal received from a mobile unit via the access points to provide data to the mobile unit or to another entity on behalf of the user of the mobile unit. In particular, the known location of the access point detecting the presence of the mobile unit defines the location of said mobile unit. Based on the location of the mobile unit as detected by the AP, a service provider on the network can take actions appropriate to the user's location, such as notifying a car rental agency of the user's presence or notifying the user of canceled flights and adjustments to the user's itinerary. Further according to the invention, clocks in the user's mobile device and event schedules can be updated automatically to correspond to the present time in the time zone where the access point detecting the user's mobile unit is located.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a representation of the geographic-based communications service system, according to the invention; and
FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a mobile unit interfacing with an access point, according to the system of FIG. 1.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 shows a geographic-based communications service system, generally designated 1, according to the invention. The system includes a mobile unit (e.g., portable computer) 5, an AP (access point) 10, an information provider 20, a management information base (MIB) 25 and a centralized network 15. The information provider 20 will typically have a processor 21 and memory 22 with controlled access thereto. Typically, access point 10 and mobile unit 5 communicate in a wireless manner. Thus, mobile unit 5 and access point 10 would be equipped with an appropriate transmitter and receiver compatible in power and frequency range to establish such a wireless communication link. In addition, mobile unit 5 would also be equipped with a code generator which generates an identification code that can be transmitted to and recognized by the access point 10 or a system accessed through access point 10. Such an identification code allows recognition of a user before providing access to system services, thereby providing a measure of security and a service billing mechanism.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing an implementation of the communication between the mobile unit 5 and an access point 10. In step 30, the access point 10 determines whether the mobile unit 5 is within the range of the access point 10. In steps 35 and 40, the access point 10 scans the mobile unit 5 and determines whether the mobile unit I.D. (identity) matches a prestored I.D., and in step 45, the communication between the mobile unit 5 and the access point 10 begins. The communication between mobile unit 5 and access point 10 may include sending and receiving information which may include text, voice data and video data.
As illustrated in FIG. 2 a first step according to the invention is establishing a connection between a mobile unit and an access point. Referring again to FIG. 1, the mobile unit 5 can send a beacon signal that is picked up by one of the APs 10 located in a plurality of locations with in a geographic region. When the beacon signal is picked up by a particular AP 10, the beacon signal is transmitted back to the management information base (MIB) 25 by AP 10. Since the location of the access point is defined and known by MIB 25, detection of the presence of the mobile unit by an AP 10 allows MIB 25 to know exactly where the mobile user is located at any given time. For example, the MIB could store the latitude, longitude, altitude, and other geographic information such as a local map of the area of each access point.
The precision available in this type of mapping scheme is distinguished from that typically achieved in a cellular telephone system. In a cellular telephone system a user transmits a beacon signal at a fixed frequency. When the user moves from a first “cell” to a second “cell”, the receiver located at the midpoint of the first cell no longer picks up the beacon signal, and the receiver located at the midpoint of the second cell picks up the beacon signal. A cellular telephone “handoff” in which the phone call is now under control of the second cell then takes place. It is only possible to locate the user to a relatively large area defined by the cells. There is no provision for locating the user more precisely within the cell. Thus, a cellular system is limited in its ability to provide services requiring the precise location of the user.
In the present invention, it is only necessary to provide the mobile unit a method of determining its own location. It is not necessary to provide tracking of the mobile unit's whereabouts. For example, upon establishing a connection with an AP 10, the mobile unit 5 can transmit a message inquiring “Where is this AP?” Upon receiving the answer that the AP 10 is located at the user's destination airport, the mobile unit can then transmit an E-mail to a car rental agency or hotel to AP 10. AP 10 routes the message through a network connected to AP 10 so that the user's car or hotel room is ready upon his arrival. Once the message is provided to the AP, it is not necessary to continue to track the user.
In another approach according to the invention, one or more selected APs 10 can be programmed to watch for the arrival of a particular mobile unit (target mobile unit). Upon detecting the presence of the target mobile unit, the AP 10 establishing the link with the target mobile unit sends a message directly to the rental car agency, hotel, etc. Since the message has been sent, other APs can then be directed to cease watching for the target mobile unit.
Another feature according to the invention allows the user to access a service provider over a network connected through the access point. For example, upon establishing its location, a mobile unit can direct an inquiry through the AP over the network connected to the user's bank to locate the nearest ATM. Since the user's location is established with relative precision by the location of the AP, the service provider can respond with a message such as “Straight ahead to exit 3, turn right and proceed two blocks.” The message is routed the user through the same AP.
According to the invention, services can be initiated by the mobile unit's transmission of an inquiry requiring a response. Alternatively, service can be initiated by an element of the network, such as a service provider, when an AP 10 detects the presence of a mobile unit. As an element of the network, the AP 10 could access its memory to initiate the service or transmit a message over the network to a service provider who initiates the appropriate service.
A system according to the invention would include a plurality of Aps and mobile units and could be configured to allow all users access to all service providers an a network or to allow selected users access to selected service providers, depending on a service profile contracted for by the user. For example, according to the invention, system software could be programmed to provide service gates in which a user identification code is compared with a list of authorized codes for access to the particular service. In addition, users could contract for unlimited access for a fixed fee or for time billed access or some combination thereof. Service usage records for billing and other purposes can be maintained in an automated database, so that users can be billed by a single entity that maintains the network of APs or individually by each service provider.
Assume, for example, that a user of the mobile unit 5 is located at an airport and that several APs 10 are located at the same airport. The mobile unit 5 is connected to an antenna 6, and the AP 10 is connected to an antenna 8 which can both receive and transmit radio frequency (RF) signals at designated transmit and receive frequency bands. RF signals over-the-air from AP 10 are received by the antenna 6, and sent to mobile unit 5.
The mobile unit 5 can send information to the AP 10, for example, in order to retrieve messages or obtain information needed by the user or to send messages and data to other users. These messages are entered by the user through the mobile unit 5 or can be automatically generated, as in the previously described case of sending a message to a car rental company signalling the user's arrival at the airport. During this process, antenna 6 transmits the RF signal which is received by antenna 8 and sent to AP 10.
In one embodiment, when a beacon signal output from the mobile unit 5 is detected and received by AP 10, information in the beacon signal identifying the mobile unit is transmitted back to network 15. The information sent back to network 15 includes the identification number of the mobile unit 5 and AP 10, thereby identifying both the user and his location to the network. Using this identification and location data, network 15 provides desired services (or arranges to provide desired services by accessing appropriate providers) and essential information to the user of the mobile unit 5. Based on the type of information required, network 15 may access one or more information providers 20 to provide the information or services to the user. One or more information providers 20 are coupled to network 15 in a ring-network configuration, a star-network configuration, or other type of connection known in the art.
Other query/response approaches to link the mobile unit 5 and AP 10 could also be employed within the scope of the invention. For example, AP 10 could scan its coverage area, thereby causing a mobile unit 5 in the area to generate a response using active or passive circuitry. Such a response could be either a simple presence indication causing the AP 10 to transmit a further inquiry message requesting the mobile unit's identification information. Alternatively, in response to an AP scan, the mobile 5 could transmit its identification data immediately. Since a mobile unit may be in an area serviced by an AP for some time, either the AP or the mobile unit could be configured to determine if any correspondence is necessary before engaging in further communication.
In a simplified configuration according to the invention, the mobile unit could be configured merely as a device to locate its user through the APs 10. In this case, a processor on the network 15 would then take the appropriate action, such as sending an E-mail to the user's car rental agency, upon detection of the user's presence by an AP.
Network 15 shown in FIG. 2 stores information in the MIB 25. MIB 25 is a mechanism, such as a memory, which allows the persistent storage of information needed by network 15 to operate. Examples of such information include a directory of all the elements (APs, mobile units, etc) in the network, the topology of the network, characteristics of individual network elements, characteristics of connection links, performance and trend statistics, and any information which is of interest in the operation of the network 15. For example, the MIB would store the precise longitude, latitude, altitude and other geographic information pinpointing the location of each AP 10. Alternatively, an access point can be located by its proximity to another known location. For example, an access point location may be defined as a particular hotel known to be a particular address or having known latitude and longitude coordinates. The extent of geographic area covered by an access point may be defined in the same ways.
In order to reduce message traffic over the network, all or part of MIB may be stored at one or more access points 10. In particular, static information which does not change, or changes relatively infrequently, can be stored in the AP 10. Thus, as shown in FIG. 1, AP 10 includes a memory 22 for storing at least a portion of the MIB. For example, memory 22 could store the location of the AP 10, the local map, local services and other information, such that routine requests for information from the mobile unit, such as “Where am I” requests need not be serviced over the network, leaving more resources for other message traffic.
By way of example and not limitation, service and information providers 20 may include car rental agencies, hotels, restaurants, airline reservation centers, banks, taxi services, bus and train reservation offices, printing services, on-line database services, message services, and E-mail providers, so that the user can receive messages. The system according to the invention may also provide the user access to updates on specific databases, such as a database maintained by the user's employer (e.g., a company rolodex) or the user's own personal databases and any other service which can be used in a remote manner.
Any of the service and information providers 20 may maintain in memory data files on members and subscribing merchants and have the ability to extract data from past transactions for each of the users to facilitate future plans. In this way, the service providers have available the information to learn the past habits and preferences of their subscribers and provide corresponding services for new transactions.
For example, upon learning that a business traveller is scheduling a trip to Austin, service and information providers 20 consider the previous trips by the traveller develop a suggested itinerary, and book travel, hotel, car and restaurant reservations. The information providers 20 acquire knowledge about the habits of the traveller over a period of time, store the information in a memory, and extrapolate information from past habits for probable future actions consistent with these past actions. For example, when arranging for a rental car, the information stored in the service provider's memory for a particular subscriber may indicate that the subscriber typically requests a four door intermediate size car. Referencing this information, the service provider would now reserve a similar vehicle, unless otherwise instructed by the mobile unit.
A system according to the invention also has processing and memory access to operate in an interactive or adaptable mode. For example, when the user of the mobile unit 5 arrives at the airport, his identity, as well as the fact that he is at the airport, is detected by AP 10 and transmitted to the network, for example using the beacon signal emitted from his mobile unit 5, as previously described. One or more service providers with access to transportation schedules, flight status information, hotel or automobile rental information, weather information, ground maps or other information desired by the user employs network 15 to send the user updated information about whether a connecting flight has been delayed, alternative routings, where to go to pick up a pre-specified rental car, directions to a preferred hotel and other types of information.
Since the location of the AP 10 communication with a mobile unit 5 is known precisely, service and information provider 20 can employ processors to provide only suitable information to the user and can track the user's last reported location. For example, since updated information can be sent to the mobile unit 5, based on the location of the mobile unit 5, information that is pertinent only to the fact that the user of the mobile unit 5 is at the airport need be sent back to the mobile unit 5 via the communication path between AP 10 and the mobile unit 5. Other information can be sent at other times.
For purposes of illustration, FIG. 1 shows one AP 10 and one service and information provider 20 connected to network 15. However, any number of such APs and service and information providers would typically be connected to network 15 to service any number of mobile units, the only limitations being physical ones, such as constraints on bandwidth.
In a variation of a system according to the invention, the mobile unit 5 initiates a request for information from the network 15. For example, the user of the mobile unit 5 finds the location of the nearest automatic teller machine (ATM) by entering the request into the mobile unit 5, which will be received by the nearest AP 10. AP 10 forwards this request for information to the network 15. Network 15 routes the request to a service and information provider who obtains the requested information transmits it back to mobile unit 5 through AP 10.
In another variation of a system according to the invention, network 15 is connected to other types of communications networks, such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN), whereby the user of the mobile unit 5 sends and receives information from/to the PSTN or other communication network through a service provider. The service provider would employ processors and other apparatus to convert protocols and data formats from those used on the network 15 to those compatible with the PSTN or other communication network. For example, the user may receive facsimile information from a PSTN connected to the network 15.
Another feature according to the invention is the ability to adjust time clocks in the mobile unit to display and generate schedules using the correct time in the time zone where the user is located. This feature could be accomplished by storing in the MIB a time zone identifying code for each access point and during communication between an access point and a mobile unit, notifying the mobile unit of the correct zone. Alternatively, the time zone information could be stored in the access point or the access point could be instructed to check with a time reference (e.g., Greenwich Mean Time) and calculate local time. Alternatively, the time zone could be determined for the longitude of the access point stored in the MIB. This determination could be made either by the information provider and transmitted as a time zone message to the mobile unit or could be determined in the mobile unit using the longitude information of the access point.
Still another feature according to the invention is the ability to provide customized messages based on the location of the active access point or on the user's profile. For example, a user accessing a network through an access point in a hotel may be provided information about promotions offered by that hotel or other affiliated hotels, airlines, car rental agencies or other providers of goods and services.
The apparatus and method according to the invention and many of its attendant advantages will be understood from the foregoing description and it will be apparent that various changes may be made inform, construction and arrangement of the parts thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention or sacrificing all of its material advantages, the form described here being merely a preferred embodiment thereof.

## Claims

1. A distributed communications service system, comprising:
a mobile unit carried by a user, wherein said mobile unit is configured to transmit identification information indicating a user of the mobile unit, wherein the mobile unit transmits the identification information in a wireless fashion;
a network;
a plurality of distributed wireless access points coupled to said network, wherein each of said plurality of wireless access points is configured to generate a wireless signal to cause a mobile unit in proximity to the wireless access point to generate a response, wherein each of said plurality of wireless access points is also configured to receive the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit, wherein, after detection of said mobile unit by a first wireless access point of said plurality of wireless access points in proximity to said mobile unit, and after receipt of the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit, one or more past transactions of the user of the mobile unit are identified, and said first wireless access point transmits information to said mobile unit that is dependent upon the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit, wherein the first wireless access point transmits the information to the mobile unit in a wireless fashion.

2. The distributed communications service system of claim 1, wherein the past transactions include one or more of requirements, preferences, and habits of the user.

3. The distributed communications service system of claim 1, wherein the past transactions include information extrapolated from the user's past practices which indicates probable future actions consistent with the past practices.

4. The distributed communications service system of claim 1, wherein the past transactions include past commercial activities of the user.

5. The distributed communications service system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of wireless access points are located in an airport.

6. The distributed communications service system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of wireless access points are located in a hotel.

7. The distributed communications service system of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of information providers coupled to said network, wherein each of said information providers is operable to provide said information through said network and through said first wireless access point to said mobile unit based on the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit.

8. The distributed communications service system of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more information providers connected to said network, wherein a first information provider of said one or more information providers is operable to receive the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit, wherein the first information provider is operable to identify the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit and provide said information through said network and through said first wireless access point to said mobile unit, wherein said information is dependent upon the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit.

9. The distributed communications service system of claim 8, wherein said one or more information providers include one or more of car rental agencies, hotels, restaurants, airline reservation centers, banks, taxi services, and bus and train reservation offices.

10. The distributed communications service system of claim 1, wherein said information is further dependent on a current known location of the mobile unit.

11. The distributed communications service system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of wireless access points are arranged at known locations in a geographic region;
wherein said information is further dependent on a known location of said first wireless access point.

12. A distributed communications service system, comprising:
a mobile unit carried by a user, wherein said mobile unit is configured to transmit identification information indicating a user of the mobile unit, wherein the mobile unit transmits the identification information in a wireless fashion;
a network;
at least one information provider coupled to the network;
a plurality of wireless access points coupled to said network and distributed in a region, wherein each of said plurality of wireless access points is configured to generate a wireless signal to cause a mobile unit in proximity to the wireless access point to generate a response, wherein each of said plurality of wireless access points is also configured to receive the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit, wherein, after detection of said mobile unit by a first wireless access point of said plurality of wireless access points in proximity to said mobile unit, and after receipt of the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit, the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit is transmitted to the at least one information provider;
wherein the at least one information provider identifies past transactions of the user of the mobile unit, where the at least one information provider provides information through said network and through said first wireless access point to said mobile unit, wherein the at least one information provider provides said information dependent upon the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit, wherein the first wireless access point transmits the information to the mobile unit in a wireless fashion.

13. The distributed communications service system of claim 12, wherein the past transactions include one or more of requirements, preferences, and habits of the user.

14. The distributed communications service system of claim 12, wherein the past transactions include information extrapolated from the user's past practices which indicates probable future actions consistent with the past practices.

15. The distributed communications service system of claim 12, wherein the past transactions include past commercial activities of the user.

16. The distributed communications service system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of access points are located in an airport.

17. The distributed communications service system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of access points are located in a hotel.

18. The distributed communications service system of claim 12, wherein said information comprises travel itinerary information.

19. The distributed communications service system of claim 12, wherein said information comprises promotions related to goods or services;
wherein said promotions are based upon the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit.

20. The distributed communications service system of claim 12, wherein said information comprises advertising related to goods or services;
wherein said advertising is based upon the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit.

21. A method of using wireless network access points (APs) to service mobile users who are in a vicinity of the APs, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) a wireless access point scanning its coverage area to cause a portable computing device in proximity to the wireless access point to generate a response, wherein said scanning comprises detecting the presence of a portable computing device in the vicinity of one of said APs, wherein the portable computing device is carried by a user, wherein said scanning and said detecting are performed in a wireless manner;
(b) providing identification information indicating the user of the portable computing device to said one of said APs in response to said detecting, wherein said providing is performed in a wireless manner;
(c) an information provider accessing past transaction information indicative of the past transactions of the user associated with said identification information;
(d) the information provider transmitting information to the portable computing device through said one of said APs, wherein a content of the information is dependent upon the past transactions of the user of the portable computing device, wherein said one of said APs provides the information to the portable computing device in a wireless fashion.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the past transactions include one or more of requirements, preferences, and habits of the user.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the past transactions include information extrapolated from the user's past practices which indicate probable future actions consistent with the past practices.

24. The method of claim 21, wherein the past transactions include past commercial activities of the user.

25. The method of claim 21, wherein the plurality of APs are located in an airport.

26. The method of claim 21, wherein the plurality of APs are located in a hotel.

27. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
the portable computing device transmitting an inquiry requiring a response to said one of said APs;
wherein the information provider transmits said information in response to said inquiry.

28. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
the portable computing device transmitting a message indicating presence of said mobile unit within an area monitored by said one of said APs;
the information provider determining if a service is required upon detection of said message; and
the information provider initiating provision of said service in response to the information provider determining that a service is required.

29. The method of claim 21, wherein said information comprises travel itinerary information.

30. The method of claim 21, wherein said information comprises promotion information.

31. The method of claim 21, wherein said information comprises advertising information.

32. A method of providing advertising to users of mobile units, the method comprising:
a wireless access point scanning its coverage area to cause a portable computing device in proximity to the wireless access point to generate a response;
the wireless access point detecting the presence of a mobile unit in the vicinity of wireless access point, wherein the mobile unit is carried by a user;
determining past transactions of a user of the mobile unit;
the wireless access point transmitting advertising information to the mobile unit in response to said detecting, wherein the advertising information is dependent upon the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit, wherein at least a portion of said transmitting is performed by the wireless access point in a wireless fashion.

33. A method of providing advertising to users of mobile units, the method comprising:
a wireless access point scanning its coverage area to cause a mobile unit in proximity to the wireless access point to generate a response;
detecting the presence of a mobile unit in the vicinity of wireless access point, wherein the mobile unit is carried by a user;
providing past transactions of a user of the mobile unit to a provider in response to said detecting;
the provider transmitting advertising information to the mobile unit, wherein the advertising information is dependent upon the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit, wherein at least a portion of said transmitting is performed by the wireless access point in a wireless fashion.

34. A distributed communications service system, comprising:
a mobile unit, wherein said mobile unit is configured to transmit identification information indicating a user of the mobile unit, wherein the mobile unit is carried by a user;
a network;
one or more service providers coupled to the network; and
a plurality of wireless access points coupled to said network and distributed in a region, wherein each of said plurality of wireless access points is configured to scan its coverage area to cause a portable computing device within the coverage area to generate a response, wherein, after detection of said mobile unit by a first wireless access point in proximity to said mobile unit, information is transmitted to a first service provider, said information including identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit;
wherein said first service provider is operable to perform a service in response to said information, wherein said service is performed based on the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit.

35. The distributed communications service system of claim 34, wherein the first service provider is a rental car agency, wherein, in response to said information, said rental car agency is operable to begin processing a rental car transaction to have a rental car ready for arrival of the user of the mobile unit.

36. The distributed communications service system of claim 34, wherein the service provider is a hotel, wherein, in response to said information, said hotel is operable to begin processing a room reservation to have a room ready for the user of the mobile unit.

37. A distributed communications service system, comprising:
a plurality of wireless access points operable to be coupled to a network and distributed in a region, wherein each of the plurality of wireless access points is configured to scan its coverage area to cause a mobile unit within its coverage area to generate a response in a wireless fashion, wherein each of the plurality of wireless access points is also configured to receive identification information indicating a user of the mobile unit, wherein, after detection of said mobile unit by a first wireless access point of the plurality of access points in proximity to the mobile unit, and after receipt of the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit, the first wireless access point transmits information to the mobile unit in a wireless fashion, wherein the information is dependent upon past transactions of the user of the mobile unit.

38. An airport terminal based communications service system, comprising:
a mobile unit carried by a user in the airport terminal, wherein said mobile unit is configured to transmit identification information indicating a user of the mobile unit, wherein the mobile unit transmits the identification information in a wireless fashion;
a network located in the airport terminal;
a plurality of wireless access points located in the airport terminal and coupled to said network, wherein each of said plurality of wireless access points is configured to communicate with said mobile unit, wherein each of said plurality of wireless access points is also configured to receive the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit, wherein, after receipt of the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit by a first wireless access point of said plurality of wireless access points in proximity to said mobile unit, and after one or more past transactions of the user of the mobile unit are identified, said first wireless access point transmits information to said mobile unit that is dependent upon the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit, wherein the first wireless access point transmits the information to the mobile unit in a wireless fashion.

39. The airport terminal based communications service system of claim 38, wherein the past transactions include one or more of requirements, preferences, and habits of the user.

40. The airport terminal based communications service system of claim 38, wherein the past transactions include information extrapolated from the user's past practices which indicates probable future actions consistent with the past practices.

41. The airport terminal based communications service system of claim 38, wherein the past transactions include past commercial activities of the user.

42. The airport terminal based communications service system of claim 38, further comprising:
a plurality of information providers coupled to said network, wherein each of said information providers is operable to provide said information through said network and through said first wireless access point to said mobile unit based on the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit.

43. The airport terminal based communications service system of claim 38, further comprising:
one or more information providers connected to said network, wherein a first information provider of said one or more information providers is operable to receive the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit, wherein the first information provider is operable to identify the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit and provide said information through said network and through said first wireless access point to said mobile unit, wherein said information is dependent upon the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit.

44. The airport terminal based communications service system of claim 43, wherein said one or more information providers include one or more of car rental agencies, hotels, restaurants, airline reservation centers, banks, taxi services, and bus and train reservation offices.

45. The airport terminal based communications service system of claim 43, further comprising a management information base for storing at least one of a topology of the network, a directory of elements coupled to the network, characteristics of individual ones of said elements, characteristics of connection links, and performance and trend statistics of the network.

46. The airport terminal based communications service system of claim 38, wherein said information is further dependent on a current known location of the mobile unit.

47. The airport terminal based communications service system of claim 38, wherein the plurality of wireless access points are arranged at known locations in a geographic region;
wherein said information is further dependent on a known location of said first wireless access point.

48. The airport terminal based communications service system of claim 38, wherein the past transactions comprise past rental car transactions of the user.

49. The airport terminal based communications service system of claim 38, wherein the wireless access point operates to scan its coverage area to cause a mobile unit in proximity to the wireless access point to generate a response.

50. The airport terminal based communications service system of claim 38, wherein the wireless access point operates to scan its coverage area to cause a mobile unit in proximity to the wireless access point to generate a response.

51. An airport terminal based communications service system, comprising:
a mobile unit carried by a user, wherein said mobile unit is configured to transmit identification information indicating a user of the mobile unit, wherein the mobile unit transmits the identification information in a wireless fashion;
a network;
at least one information provider coupled to the network;
a plurality of wireless access points located in the airport terminal and coupled to said network, wherein the plurality of wireless access points are distributed in the airport terminal, wherein each of said plurality of wireless access points is configured to communicate with said mobile unit, wherein each of said plurality of wireless access points is also configured to receive the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit, wherein, after detection of said mobile unit by a first wireless access point of said plurality of wireless access points in proximity to said mobile unit, and after receipt of the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit, the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit is transmitted to the at least one information provider;
wherein the at least one information provider identifies past transactions of the user of the mobile unit, where the at least one information provider provides information through said network and through said first wireless access point to said mobile unit, wherein the at least one information provider provides said information dependent upon the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit, wherein the first wireless access point transmits the information to the mobile unit in a wireless fashion.

52. A hotel based communications service system, comprising:
a mobile unit carried by a user in the hotel, wherein said mobile unit is configured to transmit identification information indicating a user of the mobile unit, wherein the mobile unit transmits the identification information in a wireless fashion;
a network located in the hotel;
a plurality of wireless access points located in the hotel and coupled to said network, wherein each of said plurality of wireless access points is configured to communicate with said mobile unit, wherein each of said plurality of wireless access points is also configured to receive the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit, wherein, after receipt of the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit by a first wireless access point of said plurality of wireless access points in proximity to said mobile unit, and after one or more past transactions of the user of the mobile unit are identified, said first wireless access point transmits information to said mobile unit that is dependent upon the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit, wherein the first wireless access point transmits the information to the mobile unit in a wireless fashion.

53. The hotel based communications service system of claim 52, wherein the past transactions include one or more of requirements, preferences, and habits of the user.

54. The hotel based communications service system of claim 52, wherein the past transactions include information extrapolated from the user's past practices which indicates probable future actions consistent with the past practices.

55. The hotel based communications service system of claim 52, wherein the past transactions include past commercial activities of the user.

56. The hotel based communications service system of claim 52, further comprising:
a plurality of information providers coupled to said network, wherein each of said information providers is operable to provide said information through said network and through said first wireless access point to said mobile unit based on the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit.

57. The hotel based communications service system of claim 52, further comprising:
one or more information providers connected to said network, wherein a first information provider of said one or more information providers is operable to receive the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit, wherein the first information provider is operable to identify the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit and provide said information through said network and through said first wireless access point to said mobile unit, wherein said information is dependent upon the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit.

58. The hotel based communications service system of claim 57, wherein said one or more information providers include one or more of car rental agencies, hotels, restaurants, airline reservation centers, banks, taxi services, and bus and train reservation offices.

59. The hotel based communications service system of claim 57, further comprising a management information base for storing at least one of a topology of the network, a directory of elements coupled to the network, characteristics of individual ones of said elements, characteristics of connection links, and performance and trend statistics of the network.

60. The hotel based communications service system of claim 52, wherein said information is further dependent on a current known location of the mobile unit.

61. The hotel based communications service system of claim 52, wherein the plurality of wireless access points are arranged at known locations in a geographic region;
wherein said information is further dependent on a known location of said first wireless access point.

62. The hotel based communications service system of claim 52, wherein the past transactions comprise past rental car transactions of the user.

63. A hotel based communications service system, comprising:
a mobile unit carried by a user, wherein said mobile unit is configured to transmit identification information indicating a user of the mobile unit, wherein the mobile unit transmits the identification information in a wireless fashion;
a network;
at least one information provider coupled to the network;
a plurality of wireless access points located in the hotel and coupled to said network, wherein the plurality of wireless access points are distributed in the hotel, wherein each of said plurality of wireless access points is configured to communicate with said mobile unit, wherein each of said plurality of wireless access points is also configured to receive the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit, wherein, after detection of said mobile unit by a first wireless access point of said plurality of wireless access points in proximity to said mobile unit, and after receipt of the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit, the identification information indicating the user of the mobile unit is transmitted to the at least one information provider;
wherein the at least one information provider identifies past transactions of the user of the mobile unit, where the at least one information provider provides information through said network and through said first wireless access point to said mobile unit, wherein the at least one information provider provides said information dependent upon the past transactions of the user of the mobile unit, wherein the first wireless access point transmits the information to the mobile unit in a wireless fashion.