J-S45009-16

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

Appellee

v.

JOHN A. VISTEIN,

Appellant No. 1061 WDA 2015

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence of February 9, 2015

In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0002001-2014

BEFORE: OLSON, DUBOW AND PLATT,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED JULY 13, 2016

Appellant, John A. Vistein, appeals from the judgment of sentence 

entered on February 9, 2015, as made final by the denial of his postsentence motion on June 22, 2015. We affirm.

The factual background and procedural history of this case are as 

follows. On January 9, 2014, Officer Shane McGrath assisted in evicting 

Appellant from his apartment. Appellant was not present during the 

eviction. Instead, Appellant’s friend, Jennifer Corr-Schantz (“Corr-Schantz”) 

was present and removed Appellant’s property from the apartment. CorrSchantz refused to take a binder of approximately 50 DVDs with her as she 

believed they were stolen. 

Officer McGrath recovered the DVDs along with empty Family Video 

DVD cases. The manager of a local Family Video, Meghan Zaczaiewicz 
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(“Zaczaiewicz”) confirmed that at least 17 of the DVDs recovered from 

Appellant’s apartment were stolen from that Family Video store. 

On May 6, 2014, Appellant was charged via criminal information with 

retail theft,1receiving stolen property,2and two counts of invasion of 

privacy.3 At the conclusion of a bench trial on November 14, 2014, the trial 

court found Appellant guilty of retail theft and receiving stolen property. 

After the guilty verdict was announced, Appellant pled guilty to the two 

invasion of privacy charges. On February 9, 2015, the trial court sentenced 

Appellant to an aggregate term of two to four years’ imprisonment. On 

February 18, 2015, Appellant filed a post-sentence motion. On June 22, 

2015, the trial court denied the post-sentence motion. This timely appeal 

followed.4 

Appellant presents three issues for our review:

1. [Was the evidence sufficient to find Appellant guilty of] retail 

theft, despite all witnesses testifying that they did not know how 

Appellant came into possession of the DVDs? 

 

1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3929(a)(1).

2 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3925(a).

3 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 7507.1(a)(1). 

4 On July 27, 2015, the trial court ordered Appellant to file a concise 

statement of errors complained of on appeal (“concise statement”). See

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). On August 17, 2015, Appellant filed his concise 

statement. On January 25, 2016, the trial court issued its Rule 1925(a) 

opinion. Appellant included all issues raised on appeal in his concise 

statement. 
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2. [Was the evidence sufficient to find Appellant guilty of] receiving 

stolen property, as the Commonwealth failed to prove that 

[Appellant] had knowledge or believed that the DVDs were 

stolen? 

3. Did the [t]rial [c]ourt commit[] a legal error in overruling 

[Appellant]’s objection to hearsay, allowing [] Corr-Schantz to 

testify that “I stated that I knew [] the DVDs were stolen” to 

prove the truth of the matter asserted? 

Appellant’s Brief at 5. 

In his first two issues, Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the 

evidence. “Whether sufficient evidence exists to support the verdict is a 

question of law; our standard of review is de novo and our scope of review is 

plenary.” Commonwealth v. Tejada, 107 A.3d 788, 792 (Pa. Super. 

2015), appeal denied, 119 A.3d 351 (Pa. 2015) (citation omitted). “When 

reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, this Court is tasked with 

determining whether the evidence at trial, and all reasonable inferences 

derived therefrom, are sufficient to establish all elements of the offense 

beyond a reasonable doubt when viewed in the light most favorable to the 

Commonwealth[.]” Commonwealth v. Haney, 131 A.3d 24, 33 (Pa. 2015) 

(citation omitted). “The evidence need not preclude every possibility of 

innocence and the fact-finder is free to believe all, part, or none of the 

evidence presented.” Commonwealth v. Coleman, 130 A.3d 38, 41 (Pa. 

Super. 2015) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

In his first issue, Appellant argues that the evidence was insufficient to 

find him guilty of retail theft. Specifically, Appellant argues that the 
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evidence was insufficient to prove that he took possession of, carried away, 

transferred, or caused to be carried away the DVDs from Family Video. See

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3929(a)(1) (defining the offense of retail theft). He argues 

that because no witness at trial testified that they saw him leave the store 

with the DVDs, the evidence was insufficient to convict him of retail theft. 

Appellant concedes that at least 17 stolen DVDs were recovered from 

his apartment. Appellant’s Brief at 13. At trial, Corr-Schantz testified that 

Appellant admitted stealing the DVDs found in his apartment. Although she 

did not identify the exact DVDs Appellant admitted to stealing, her testimony 

clearly indicated that Appellant admitted stealing all of the DVDs recovered 

from his apartment – including the 17 Zaczaiewicz testified were stolen from 

the Family Video that she managed. It was not necessary for Corr-Santz to 

identify all 17 DVDs by name. Instead, Corr-Schantz’s and Zaczaiewicz’s 

testimony, taken together, sufficiently proved that Appellant stole the 17 

DVDs Zaczaiewicz identified. 

Furthermore, Zaczaiewicz testified that Appellant was a frequent 

customer and used the restroom often. She testified that Appellant took his 

backpack into the restroom with him on several occasions. A reasonable 

inference from this testimony is that Appellant placed the DVDs in his 

backpack while using the restroom and then left the Family Video without 

paying for those DVDs. This inference is supported by Corr-Schantz’s 

testimony that Appellant admitted to this method of stealing DVDs. It is 
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well-settled that “[t]he Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving 

every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means of wholly 

circumstantial evidence.” Commonwealth v. Eichler, 133 A.3d 775, 787 

(Pa. Super. 2016) (citation omitted). In this case, the evidence presented at 

trial was sufficient to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Appellant stole 

the DVDs from Family Video. 

In his second issue, Appellant argues that the evidence was insufficient 

to convict him of receiving stolen property. Appellant argues that he did not 

possess the stolen DVDs “with knowledge or belief that [they] were probably 

stolen[.]” Commonwealth v. Nero, 58 A.3d 802, 807 (Pa. Super. 2012), 

appeal denied, 72 A.2d 602 (Pa. 2013) (citation omitted). Appellant’s entire 

argument with respect to the receiving stolen property charge assumes that 

there was insufficient evidence to prove that he removed the DVDs from 

Family Video. See Appellant’s Brief at 14. As noted above, we conclude 

that there was sufficient evidence Appellant removed the DVDs from Family 

Video. Accordingly, the evidence was sufficient to convict him of receiving 

stolen property as he knew the DVDs were stolen. 

Finally, Appellant argues that the trial court erred in admitting CorrSchantz’s statement to police. Specifically, Appellant argues that CorrSchantz’s testimony, which repeated a statement she made to police, was 

hearsay. In that statement, Corr-Schantz told police that Appellant 

confessed to stealing the DVDs. “[W]hen we review a trial court’s ruling on 
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admission of evidence, we must acknowledge that decisions on admissibility 

are within the sound discretion of the trial court and will not be overturned 

absent an abuse of discretion or misapplication of law.” Commonwealth 

v. Tyack, 128 A.3d 254, 257 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citation omitted). 

Hearsay is “a statement that (1) the declarant does not make while 

testifying at the current trial or hearing; and (2) a party offers in evidence to 

prove the truth of the matter asserted in the statement.” Pa.R.Evid. 801(c). 

In this case, Corr-Schantz’s statement was not offered for the truth of the 

matter asserted. This is made evident by reviewing the entirety of her 

testimony. Prior to repeating the statement she made to police, CorrSchantz testified that Appellant admitted that he stole the DVDs. N.T., 

2/9/15, at 19-20. It was this testimony that was offered for the truth of the 

matter asserted, i.e., that Appellant admitted to stealing the DVDs. As an 

admission by a party, this testimony was admissible hearsay. See

Pa.R.Evid. 803(25)(a). Corr-Schantz’s testimony that she then relayed 

Appellant’s admission to police was merely offered to explain her, and 

Officer McGrath’s, course of conduct, i.e., refusing to remove the DVDs and 

going to the Family Video store and questioning Zaczaiewicz. Such course of 

conduct testimony is not hearsay. See Commonwealth v. Rega, 933 A.2d 

997, 1017 (Pa. 2007) (citation omitted). Accordingly, the trial court did not 

abuse its discretion in overruling Appellant’s hearsay objection.

Judgment of sentence affirmed. 
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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 7/13/2016