T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on a nd i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

T he pa ne l una ni m ous l y c onc l ude s thi s c a s e i s s ui t abl e f orde c i s i on ** w ith o u t o r a l a r g u m e n t. See F ed. R . A pp . P . 34 (a )( 2). NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T E L L E N J . O’ P HE L AN , P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. GE R AR D D AMI AN L E E L OY , D e f

e n d a n t - A p p e lla n t, B E NT ON B OL OS a n d C OU NT Y O F H A W A II , D efen d an t s - A p p el l ees. N o. 11- 16541 D. C . No . 1 : 0 9 - c v - 0 0 2 3 6 - AC KK SC ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt

f o rth e D is tr ic t o f

H a w a ii A l a n C . K a y , S e ni orD i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng S ubm i tt e d O c t obe r17, 2012 ** H o n o lu lu , H a w a ii B efo re: R E IN H A R D T , T H O M A S , an d P A E Z , C i rcu i tJu d g es. 

# FI LED OC T 25 2012 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALSP age 2 of 5

G e r a r d L e e L oy appe a l s the di s tr i c tc our t ’ s or de rde ny i ng hi s m ot i on f or j udgm e nta s am a tt e rof l a w , de ny i ng hi s F e d. R . C i v. P . 59( e ) m ot i on t o a m e nd the j udgm e nt , a nd gr a nt i ng O ’ P he l a n’ s m ot i on f orj udgm e nta s am a tt e rof l a w , the r e by a w a r d i n g O ’ Ph e l a n $ 1 . 0 0 i n n o mi n a l d a ma g e s . W e a f f i rm. 1. T h e d is tr ic t c o u r t p r o p e r ly f o u n d th a t th e r e w a s s u b s ta n tia l e v id e n c e to s u p p o r t th e ju ry ’s f

in d in g s th a t L e e L o y h a d in v a d e d O ’P h e la n ’s p r iv a c y . R e v ie w in g d e n o v o th e d e n ia l o f am o tio n f

o rju d g m e n t a s am a tte ro f la w , w e w ill u p h o ld av e r d ic t if

it is s u p p o r te d b y “s ub s ta n tia l e v id e n c e .” Fi rs t N at . Mor t g. C o. v. Fed. R ea l t

y In v. T ru st , 6 3 1 F .3 d 1 0 5 8 , 1 0 6 7 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 1 1 ) . T h e e v id e n c e p r e s e n te d to th e ju ry in c lu d e d s ta te m e n ts th a t L e e L o y m a d e in a r elated state c o u rt m atter, in w h ich h e s tated th at “I g o t, ” “I s aw ,” “I se e,” “I’m l oo ki ng at , ” “ I do h ave now ”; “ [t ] he po l i ce re po rtw hi ch no w i ncl ud es the m edi ca l – s om e [ of

O ’ P he l a n’ s ] m e di c a l r e c or ds . ” T he j ury c oul d ha ve pr ope r l y r e l i e d on thi s e vi de nc e , a l ong w i th othe rr e l e va nte vi de nc e pr e s e nt e d a ttr i a l i n c onc l udi ng thatL ee L oy had i nv aded O ’ P hel an’ s pri vacy . W hi l e L ee L oy pres ent ed evi dence attri al t o exp l ai n h i s i ncul pat ory s t at em ent s, the j ury w as no tre qu i re d t o cre di tthat evi dence.P age 3 of 5

2 . T he di s tr i c tj udge pr ope r l y appl i e d H a w a i i t or tl a w t o the j ury ’ s f i ndi ngs on the S pe c i a l V e r di c tf orm a nd e nt e r e d j udgm e nti n f a vorof O ’ P he l a n. T he S p e c ia l V e r d ic t “c o m p r is e [ d ] o n ly f a c tu a l f in d in g s ,” Zh a n gv. A m . G em Sea f o o d s, Inc. , 339 F . 3d 1020, 1031 ( 9th C i r . 2003) , a nd H a w a i i t or tl a w ha s a dopt e d the R e s t a t e m e nt( S e c ond) of T or t s de f

i ni t i on of i nva s i on of

pr i va c y , w hi c h doe s not r e qui r e apl a i nt i f

f t o pr ove a c tua l da m a ge s i n or de rt o pr e va i l i n the s ubc a t e gory of “in tru s io n u p o n s e c lu s io n ” a t is s u e h e r e . See Sh a h a ta v . W S te a k W a i ki ki, LLC , 7 2 1 F . S u p p . 2 d 9 6 8 , 9 8 6 ( D . H a w . 2 0 1 0 ) , af f’d , 2012 W L 3634578 ( 9th C i r . A ug. 24 , 20 12 ); R es t at em ent(S ec on d) T ort s § 65 2B (197 7). T hu s, al tho ug h the j ury foun d thatL ee L oy’ s i m prop eri ntrusi on of O ’ P hel an’ s pri vacydi d n ot“ cause[ ] [ O ’P h e la n ] to s u s ta in in ju ry , d a m a g e , lo s s o rh a rm ,” th e d is tr ic t c o u r t c o rr e c tly d e te rm in e d th a t O ’P h e la n w a s e n title d to ju d g m e n t. 3. Re l a t e d l y , th e d i s tr i c tc o u r tp r o p e r l y d e n i e d Le e Lo y ’ s Fe d . R. Ci v . P. 5 9 ( e ) m o tio n to a m e n d th e ju d g m e n t. “T h e d e n ia l o f am o tio n u n d e rR u le 5 9 ( e ) to al t eror am end the j ud gm enti s r evi ew ed for abu se of di sc re t i on . ” T a Chong B ank L td. v. Hi tachiHi

gh T ec hn ol og i es A m . , Inc. , 6 1 0 F .3 d 1 0 6 3 , 1 0 6 6 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 1 0 ) . R ec on si dera t i on of a j ud gm entaf t eri t s e ntryi s “ an extra ordi naryre m edy. ” Kona E nte rs . , I

nc . v . Es tate of

B is hop , 22 9 F . 3d 87 7, 89 0 (9th C i r. 20 00 ). T he di stri ctP age 4 of 5

c o u r t “e n jo y s c o n s id e r ab le d is c r e tio n in g r a n tin g o rd e n y in g ” aR u le 5 9 ( e ) m o tio n . McD ow e l l

v . C alde r on , 19 7 F . 3d 12 53 , 12 55 n. 1 (9th C i r. 19 99 ). T he di s tr i c tc our tpr ope r l y de ni e d L e e L oy ’ s m ot i on t o a m e nd the j udgm e nt f orthe s a m e r e a s ons tha ti tde ni e d L e e L oy ’ s m ot i on f orj udgm e nta s am a tt e rof l aw . A cc ordi ng l y, the di stri ctcourtdi d n otabuse i t s di sc re t i on w hen i tdeni ed L ee L o y ’s R u le 5 9 ( e ) m o tio n . 4. T h e d i stri ctco u rtp ro p erl y g ran t ed O ’ P h el an ’ s m o t i o n fo r j u d g m en tas a m att er o f l aw , aw ard i n g O ’ P h el an $ 1 . 0 0 i n n o m i n al d am ag es. “ Ju d g m en tas a m a tt e rof l a w i s appr opr i a t e w he n the e vi de nc e pr e s e nt e d a ttr i a l pe rm i t s onl y one re as on abl e c on cl usi on . ” M an gu m v. A ct i on C ol lec t i on Serv . , Inc. , 575 F . 3d 935, 93 8-39 (9th C i r. 20 09 ) ( i nt ernal qu ot at i on s and ci t at i on om i tt ed). A l though O ’ P he l a n di d notm ove f orj udgm e nta s am a tt e rof l a w pr i ort o the j ury’ s ver di ct , the di stri ctcourtprop er l y app l i ed the narrow “ pl ai n err or” e x c e p t i o n . A s ag e n e r a l ma tt e r , w e “ s tr i c t l y a d h e r e t o th e r e q u i r e me n t s o f [ Fe d . R. C i v. P . ] 50 (b), w hi ch proh i bi ta party f rom m ov i ng for j ud gm entas a m att erof l aw a f t e rthe j ury ’ s ve r di c tunl e s s tha tm ot i on w a s f i r s tpr e s e nt e d a tthe c l os e of evi dence. ” I

m age T e c hni c al Se r vs . , I nc . v . E as tm an Kodak

C o. , 125 F . 3d 1195, 1 2 1 2 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 9 7 ) . T h e o n ly e x c e p tio n to th is ru le is th e p la in e rr o rd o c tr in e . C ab rales v. C ou nt

y of L os A ng eles , 86 4 F . 2d 14 54 , 14 59 (9th C i r. 19 88 ) c e r t.P age 5 of 5

gran ted, j ud

gm ent vacated , 490 U . S . 1087 ( 1989) a nd op i ni on re i nstat ed , 886 F . 2d 235 ( 9th C i r . 1989) . “ O nl y w he r e the r e i s s uc h pl a i n e rr orappa r e nton the f a c e of the re cord thatfa i l ure t o revi ew w ou l d res ul ti n a m ani fe stm i sc arri age of j ust i ce ” s h o u ld s u c h am o tio n , r a is e d f o rth e f ir s t tim e a f

te rju d g m e n t, b e g r a n te d . Id . H e r e , w e a gr e e w i th the di s tr i c tc our t ’ s r e a s oni ng tha tbe c aus e the j ury f ound for O ’ P hel an on her i nv as i on of pri vacycl ai m , bu tal so foun d thatO ’ P hel an fa i l ed t o pr ove c om pe ns a t ory da m a ge s , O ’ P he l a n w a s e nt i t l e d t o nom i na l da m a ge s of $1. 00 a s am a tt e rof

l a w . F a i l ur e t o a w a r d s uc h da m a ge s c ons t i tut e d pl a i n e rr or and the di stri ctcourtprop er l y c orre ct ed the error by a w ar di ng O ’ P hel an no m i nal d am ag es. AF F I RME D.