FILED

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

JUNE 7, 2006

THOMAS K. KAHN

CLERK

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

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No. 05-15658

Non-Argument Calendar

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D. C. Docket No. 04-02906-CV-2-IPJ

WILLIE C. BATCH, 

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

versus 

JEFFERSON COUNTY CHILD DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL, 

Defendant-Appellee. 

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Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of Alabama

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(June 7, 2006)

Before TJOFLAT, DUBINA and MARCUS, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

Appellant Willie C. Batch, an African-American male, appeals the district
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court’s grant of defendant Jefferson County Child Development Council, Inc.’s

(“JCCDC”) motion for summary judgment as to his complaint alleging racial

discrimination, gender discrimination, and retaliation, pursuant to Title VII of the

Civil Rights Act of 1964 (“Title VII”), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2, 3, and 42 U.S.C. §

1981. On appeal, Batch argues that the district court erred as a matter of law in

granting JCCDC’s motion for summary judgment because it ignored evidence

supporting his prima facie case of discrimination and failed to draw reasonable

inferences in favor of him, the non-moving party. Specifically, he argues that he

presented sufficient evidence to establish that similarly situated white or female

employees were treated more favorably with respect to JCCDC’s sick leave

policies, and that JCCDC retaliated against him by lowering his performance

evaluation and relocating his workspace following notice of his EEOC charge.

We review the district court’s ruling on summary judgment de novo. Rojas

v. Florida, 285 F.3d 1339, 1341 (11th Cir. 2002). The moving party is entitled to

summary judgment “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and

admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no

genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a

judgment as a matter of law.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). “When deciding whether

summary judgment is appropriate, all evidence and reasonable factual inferences
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drawn therefrom are reviewed in a light most favorable to the non-moving party.” 

Rojas, 285 F.3d at 1341-42 (citation and quotation omitted). 

The same prima facie case and burden-shifting mechanisms apply to Title

VII and § 1981 discrimination claims. See Shields v. Fort James Corp., 305 F.3d

1280, 1282 (11th Cir. 2002). In order to establish a prima facie case of disparate

treatment based on race or gender discrimination, a plaintiff must show (1) that he

is a member of a protected class; (2) he was qualified for his job; (3) he suffered an

adverse employment action; and (4) his employer treated similarly situated

employees who are not members of the protected class more favorably. RiceLamar v. City of Fort Lauderdale, 232 F.3d 836, 842-43 (11th Cir. 2000). With

respect to the fourth prong, “[i]n determining whether employees are similarly

situated for purposes of establishing a prima facie case, it is necessary to consider

whether the employees are involved in or accused of the same or similar conduct

and are disciplined in different ways.” Holifield v. Reno, 115 F.3d 1555, 1562

(11th Cir. 1997). 

The evidence before the district court showed that three specific similarly

situated employees were docked pay when absent from work when they did not

have enough accrued leave time, or when their leave requests were not approved. 

Supervisors often requested white or female employees to submit verification for
 Because § 1981 is a statutory remedy for claims of discrimination based on race or alienage 1

only, its application to Batch’s claim of retaliation is limited in that respect. See 42 U.S.C.

§ 1981(a).

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sick leave requests. Batch was the only employee required to submit verification

for each sick leave request, however, this policy was implemented due to his

previously admitted attendance problem. Because Batch failed to show that

similarly situated white or female employees were treated more favorably with

respect to the application of JCCDC’s sick leave policy, we conclude that he did

not establish a prima facie case of race or gender discrimination. 

To establish a prima facie case of retaliation forbidden by Title VII, the

plaintiff must show that: (1) he participated in an activity protected by Title VII;

(2) he suffered an adverse employment action; and (3) there is a causal connection

between the participation in the protected activity and the adverse employment

decision. Gupta v. Fla. Bd. of Regents, 212 F.3d 571, 587 (11th Cir. 2000). We

have found retaliation claims to be cognizable under § 1981. See Andrews v.

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Lakeshore Rehabilitation Hosp., 140 F.3d 1405, 1411-13 (11th Cir. 1998). 

Moreover, in the context of other discrimination claims, we have construed § 1981

as a parallel remedy, which may derive its principles from Title VII. See Blum v.

Gulf Oil Corp., 597 F.2d 936, 938 (5th Cir. 1979). 

An adverse employment action must involve “an ultimate employment
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decision . . . or other conduct that alters the employee’s compensation, terms,

conditions, or privileges of employment, deprives him or her of employment

opportunities, or adversely affects his or her status as an employee.” Gupta, 212

F.3d at 587. (Citation and quotation omitted). We have held that employee

performance evaluations, which “do not lead to tangible job consequences,” are not

sufficient to form the basis of a retaliation claim under Title VII. Davis v. Town of

Lake Park, 245 F.3d 1232, 1241 (11th Cir. 2001). “An action, which . . . had no

effect on an employee is not an ‘adverse’ action.” Gupta, 212 F.3d at 588.

Assuming arguendo that his supervisors’ discussion of Batch’s EEOC

charge affected his performance evaluation, we conclude that the lowered

performance evaluation did not result in a change in the terms or conditions of

Batch’s employment. Batch was not terminated, demoted, or reassigned, and he

continued to receive the same salary. Because Batch failed to demonstrate that he

suffered an adverse employment action, he did not establish a prima facie case of

retaliation. 

For the above stated reasons, we affirm the district court’s grant of 

summary judgment.

AFFIRMED.