# U ni te d S ta te s Co ur t of A pp ea ls

For the Eig hth Circu it

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No. 1 5- 23 78

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Uni te d S ta te s o f Am eri ca

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Pla in ti

ff - App el le e

v.

Kev in And rew J au ro n

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Defe nd

an t - Ap pe ll an t

__ __ __ __ __ __
App eal fro m

Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co ur t fo r th e Nor th ern Dis tri ct of I owa - Ced ar Ra pi ds

__ __ __ __ __ __

Su bm it te d: Apri l 1 5, 2 01 6
Fil ed : Au gu st 10 , 20 16

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Befo re COLLOTON and SHEPHERD, Circ ui t J ud ge s, an d M OODY , Dis tri ct 1

Ju dg e.

__ __ __ __ __ __

SHEPHERD, Cir cu it Ju dg e.

Kev in Jau ro n pl ed gu il ty t o se xu al ex pl oi ta ti on of c hi ld ren in vi ol at io n o f 18

U.S.C. § 22 51 (a) an d (e), an d to co m m is si on of a f

e l on y of fen se in vo lv in g a m in or

The Hon or ab le Ja m es M. Mo od y, J r

. , Uni te d St at es Dis tri ct Ju dg e fo r th e 1

East ern Dis tri ct of Ark an sa s, s it ti ng by des ig na ti on

.whi le be in g req ui red to reg is te r as a se x of fen de r in vi ol at io n of 18 U.S.C. § 22 60 A.

The di st ric t co ur t se n t e n c e d Ja ur on to 48 0 m on th s’ i m pr is on m en t. Ja ur on ap pe al s 2

hi s se nt en ce, arg ui ng th at th e di st ric t co ur t co m m it te d rev ers ib le erro r in it s

ap pl ic at io n o f th e Uni te d Stat es Sen te nc in g Gu id el in es (“ U.S.S.G.”) an d i m po se d a

su bs ta nt iv el y un reas on ab le se nt en ce in li gh t of th e 18 U.S.C. § 35 53 (a) fact or s. W e

ha ve juri sd ic ti on un de r 28 U.S.C. § 1 29 1 a nd affi rm

.

I.

Ja ur on was co nv ic te d i n Io wa st at e co ur t o f th ird -d eg ree h aras sm en t t wice in

20 05 aft er s en di ng sex ua l em ai ls to fem al es , in cl ud in g o ne m in or

. In 20 08 , h e was

co nv ic te d in Io wa st at e co ur t of se co nd -d eg ree ha ras sm en t an d as sa ul t cau si ng bo di ly

in jury aft er di gi ta ll y pe ne tra ti ng th e va gi na of a fif te en -y ear- ol d fem al e. As a res ul t

of th at co nv ic ti on , Jau ro n was req ui red to reg is te r as a se x o ffen de r.

In May 20 14

, th e Mar io n, Io wa po li ce de pa rtment rece iv ed a r e po rt fro m a
lo cal hi gh sch oo l al le gi ng th at , vi a te xt m es sa ge , an a du lt m al e n am ed “ Kev in ” h ad

so li ci te d A.R. an d S

. M

. , t wo fif te en -y ear- ol d fem al es , to en ga ge in se xu al act iv it y

. Offi cers su bs eq ue nt ly de te rm in ed Ja ur on to be “ Kev in ” an d ob ta in ed a se ar ch warra nt

f o r bo th Ja ur on ’s p ers on an d res id en ce. Fu rth er in ve st ig at io n, in cl ud in g ex e c u t i o n

of th e se arch warra nt

, in te rv ie w s w i th Ja ur on , an d in te rv ie ws wit h m ul ti pl e m in or

fem al es , rev eal ed th e fo ll owi ng fact s.

Ja ur on crea te d a fal se id en ti ty o f “ Sh el bi Bart li ng ,” pu rp or te dl y a se ve nt een

y ear- ol d bi se xu al fem al e, th en us ed th at faca de to m eet A.R. an d in t r o d u c e he r to

“ Kev in .” As “ Kev in ,” Ja ur on se nt A.R. im ag es of hi m se lf en ga gi ng i n s ex ua l act s
wit h fem al es as well as im ag es of hi s pe ni s. He ha d se xu al in te rco ur se wit h A.R. on

The Hon or ab le Lin da R. Rea de

, Ch ie f Ju dg e, Uni te d St at es Dis tri ct Co ur t fo r 2

th e Nor th ern Dis tri ct of I owa

.

-2

-Mar ch 13

, 20 14

, an d pr od uc ed two vi de os an d fiv e st il l im ag es of th e act iv it y

. Ja ur on

se nt th os e im ag es to S.M. an d a th irt y -fi ve -y ear- ol d m al e on Mar ch 24

, 20 14

. Ja ur on

al so us ed th e “ Sh el bi Bart li ng ” id en ti ty in Feb ru ary 20 14 whi le te xt in g S.W

., an ot he r

fif te en -y ear- ol d fem al e. Po si ng as “ Sh el bi Bart li ng ,” Ja ur on co nv in ced S.W

. to se nd

hi m nu de ph ot og rap hs

. Afte r S.W

. se nt so m e n u d e p ho to gr ap hs

, Ja ur on as ke d fo r

m or e, sp eci fic al ly ph ot og rap hs of he r va gi na l ar ea with he r le gs sp read ap art

. S.W

.

co m pl ie d wi th th e req ue st

.

In 20 12

, Ja ur on po se d as “ Eva n,” a fal se id en ti ty un de r whi ch he pu rp or te d to

b e a n i n e t een -y ear- ol d m al e fro m an ot he r st at e, an d as ke d L.M. to ta ke nu d e ph ot og rap hs of he rs el f. Sp eci fic al ly, “ Eva n” us ed th e Kik mes s e n g e r ap p to as k 3

L.M., a fo ur te en -y ear- ol d fem al e, to ph ot og rap h he rs el f whi le to uc hi ng he r va gi na or

in se rti ng on e of he r fin ge rs in to he r va gi na , an d sen d th e ph ot og rap hs to hi m

. L.M.

su bs eq ue nt ly le arn ed th at “ Eva n” li ed ab ou t hi s id en ti ty an d was in fact an ol de r m al e

na m ed “ Kev in .” “ Kev in ” ag ai n as ke d L.M. to ta ke nu de ph o t o gr ap hs of he rs el f

to uc hi ng he r br eas ts an d va gi na , th en m es sa ge th e ph ot og rap hs to hi m

. In res po ns e,

L.M. se nt “ Kev in ” a nu de ph ot og rap h th at de pi ct ed he r wit h her sh irt pu ll ed up an d

he r pa nt s pu ll ed do wn, di sp la y in g he r br eas ts an d va gi na

. S h e a l s o se nt “ Kev in ”
ph ot og rap hs of he rs el f to uc hi ng he r va gi na

. Ja ur on al so crea te d a gr ou p Kik m es sa ge
be twee n “ Kev in ,” “ Sh el bi Bart li ng ,” an d L.M., in whi ch h e s en t L.M. ph ot og rap hs

of “ Sh el bi ” to uc hi ng he rs el f an d a tt em pt ed

, whi le po si ng as “ Sh el bi Bart li ng ,” to

co nv in ce L.M. t o “ ha ng ou t wi th he r an d Kev in .”

Kik is a free ap p av ai la bl e on m os t m ob il e pl at fo rm s an d “ al lo ws pe op le to 3

fin d st ran ge rs an d co m

m un i c a t e w i th th em an on y m ou sl y , th ro ug h a us er na m e.”
Sh eryl Gay St ol be rg & Ri ch ard Pere z-Pe na , App Pro vi de s Ano nym it y to Ten na ge rs ,
an d to Pred at or s, Too

, N..Y. Tim es Feb

. 5, 20 16

, at A1, 3. Kik ha s ap pr ox im at el y 27 5

m il l i on reg is te red us ers wor ld wid e. Id

. The ap p as ks fo r th e us er’s real na m e an d

em ai l ad dr es s, bu t do es no t req ui re th e us er to pr ov id e a te le ph on e nu m be r an d wor ks

ev en if t he in fo rm at io n p ro vi de d i s fa ls e. Id

.

-3

-J au ro n m et K.W

., a fif te en -y ear- ol d fem al e, at an ad ul t sh op an d se nt h e r pi ct ur es of hi s pe ni s vi a te xt m es sa ge in Aug us t 20 13

. Ja ur on te xt ed K.W

. m ul ti pl e

ti m es be twee n Aug us t 20 13 an d Decem be r 20 13

, of

feri ng he r mo n e y to en ga ge in

se xu al in te rco ur se wit h hi m

. In Decem be r 20 13

, Ja ur on to ok K.W. t o h i s ho us e in

Mar io n, Iowa and en ga ge d in se xu al in te rco ur se wit h he r. Ja ur on la te r refe ren ced a

reco rd in g of th e i r s e x u a l act iv it y in a te xt m es sa ge to K.W ., b ut at th e ti m e of th ei r

se xu al en co un te r, sh e was un aware th at it was b ei ng reco rd ed

.

In Ja nu ary 20 14

, Ja ur on so li ci te d a se ve nt een -y ear- ol d fem al e, H.W

., to m eet

wit h hi m an d ot he r ad ul t m al es fo r th e pu rp os e of al l th e m al es ha vi ng se x wit h H.W

.

an d pr od uc in g vi de os an d im ag es of th e act iv it ie s. Ja ur on th en m et wit h on e or m or e

ot he r ad ul t m al es an d H.W ., a nd u s e d h i s ph on e to pr od uc e vi de os an d st il l im ag es

o f th e m en en ga ge d in va rio us se xu al act s wit h H.W

. Ja ur on la te r se nt so m e of th e

im ag es of H.W. perfo rm in g s ex ua l ac ts vi a te xt m es sa ge to ot he r pe op le

.

Pu rs ua nt to a pl ea ag reem en t, Ja ur on pl ed gu il ty in Ja nu ary 20 15 to se xu al

ex pl oi ta ti on of ch il dr en in vi ol at io n of 18 U.S.C. § 22 51 (a) an d (e), an d co m m is si on

of a fel on y of

fen se in vo lv in g a mi n o r w hi le be in g req ui red to reg is te r as a se x
of fen de r in vi ol at io n of 18 U.S.C. § 22 60 A. On Ju ne 11

, 20 15

, th e di st ric t co ur t he ld

a se nt en ci ng he ari ng , at whi ch it acce pt ed th e Uni te d St a t e s P r o b at io n Offi ce’s

cal cu la ti on of th e Sen te nc in g Gui de li ne s as se t fo rth in th e pr es en te n c e r ep or t (“ PSR” ). Afte r en ha nc em en ts

, th e gu id el in es cal cu la ti on s fo r each vi ct im were:

Gro up 1, vi ct im A.R., le ve l 40 ; Gro up 2, vi ct im S.W

., le ve l 36 ; Gro up 3, vi ct im L.M.,

le ve l 38 ; an d Gro up 4, vi ct im H.W

., le ve l 42

. The di st ric t co ur t di d no t in cl ud e K.W

.

as a v i ct im at se nt en ci ng

. App lying U.S.S.G. § 3D1 .4, th e di st ric t co ur t us ed th e

of fen se le ve l of 42 fro m Gro up 4, vi ct im H.W

., th en in crea se d th e of fen se le ve l,

ba se d on th e se rio us ne ss of th e of fen se s fro m th e ot he r gr ou ps , fo r a co m bi ne d

ad jus te d of fen se le ve l of 48

. Pu rs ua nt to Gui de li ne s Ch ap te r 5, Part A, co m m en ta ry

no te 2, a to ta l of

fen se le ve l grea te r th an 43 is to be tre at ed as an of fen se le ve l of 43

,

-4

-th e hi gh es t of fen se l e v e l acco un te d fo r in th e se nt en ci ng ta bl e, so th e di st ric t co ur t

tre at ed Jau ro n’s o ffen se lev el as a 43

.

Ja ur on ob jecte d to “ th e sc or in g an d in cl us io n of an y an d al l” ev en ts rel at in g to

S.W

. an d L.M. as pa rt of th e of fen se le ve l co m

pu ta t i o n , a s w e l l as th e fo ur -le ve l

en ha n c e men t ap pl ie d to H.W

. un de r U.S.S.G. § 2G2 .1(b )(4 ) fo r sa di st ic or

m as oc hi st ic co nd uc t. Und er Ja ur on ’s cal cu la ti on , Gro up 1, vi ct im A.R., wou ld ha ve

pr od uc ed th e hi gh es t of

fen se le ve l, 40

. Co m

bi ne d on ly wit h Grou p 4, vi ct im H.W

.,

a nd ad di ti on al en ha nc em en ts an d red uc ti on s to whi ch he di d no t ob ject, J a u r o n ’s

cal cu la ti on y ie ld s a to ta l of fen se le ve l of 44

. The refo re, un de r Ja ur on ’s co m pu ta ti on , th e to ta l of

fen se le ve l wou ld ha ve be en tre at ed as a 43 pu rs ua nt to Ch ap te r 5, Part A,

c o mm en ta ry no te 2. The di st ric t co ur t reco gn iz ed th e to ta l of fen se le ve l w o u l d b e

tre at ed as a 43

, wit h li fe im pr is on m en t as the no rm al gu id el in e se nt en ce. Giv en th e

st at ut or y m ax im

um se nt en ces of th irt y y ears fo r Co un t One of se xu al ex pl oi ta ti on of

ch il dr en an d te n y ears f

or Co un t Two of co m

m is si on of a fel on y of

fen se in vo lv in g

a m in or whi le be in g req ui red to reg is te r as a se x of fen de r, th e di st ric t co ur t se nt en ced

Ja ur on to 36 0 m on th s on Co un t O ne an d 12 0 m on th s on Co un t Two, to ta li ng a

se nt en ce of 48 0 m on th s’ im pr is on m en t. The di st ric t co ur t al so st at ed th at it wou ld

im po se th e sa m e se nt en ce reg ard le ss of ho w th e ad vi so ry gu id el in es were co m pu te d.

Thi s s en te nc in g a pp eal fol lo wed

.

II.

On ap pe a l

, Ja ur on fir st co nt en ds th at th e di st ric t co ur t co m m it te d rev ers ib le

erro r in it s ap pl ic at io n of th e Gui de li ne s. Sp eci fic al ly, h e ch al le ng es th e di st ric t

co ur t’s in cl us io n of S.W

. an d L.M. as vi ct im s fo r pu rp os es of th e ad vi so ry gu id el in e
cal cu la ti on an d th e ap pl ic at io n of U.S.S.G. § 2G2 .1(b )(4 ) fo r sa di st ic or m as oc hi st ic

be ha vi or reg ard in g H.W

. “ W e rev ie w th e co ur t’s in te rp ret at io n an d ap pl ic at io n of th e
Gui de li ne s de n o vo an d it s fact ua l fin di ng s fo r cl ear erro r.” Uni te d St at es v.
Thu nd erh awk , 79 9 F .3d 12 03 , 12 09 (8t h C ir. 2 01 5)

.

-5

-Sect io n 2G2 .1(d )(1 ) go ve rn s th e se xu al ex pl oi ta ti on of a m in or by pr od uc ti on

of a se xu al ly ex pl ic it vi su al or pr i n t e d mat e r ia l an d pr ov id es th at “ [i]f th e of fen se

in vo lv ed th e ex pl oi ta ti on of m or e t h a n o ne m in or , C ha pt er Thre e, Part D ( Mu lt ip le

Co un ts ) sh al l be ap pl ie d as if th e ex pl oi ta ti on of each m in or ha d be en co nt ai ne d in

a se pa rat e co un t of co nv ic ti on .” Ja ur on co nt en ds th is Sp eci al In st ru ct io n sh ou ld no t

al lo w S.W. a n d L.M. to be co un te d as m in or vi ct im s of hi s se xu al ex pl oi ta ti on
be cau se no “ se xu al ly ex pl ic it co nd uc t” oc cu rr e d un de r th e m ean in g gi ve n to th at ph ras e by 1 8 U.S. C

. § 2 2 5 6 ( 2 ). The “ la sc iv io us ex hi bi ti on of th e ge ni ta ls or pu bi c

area of an y pe rs on ” i s a f o r m of se xu al ly ex pl ic it co nd uc t. 18 U.S.C.
§ 22 56 (2 )(A)(v ). Ja ur on fu r t h e r a r gu es th at th e se xu al act iv it ie s di sp la y ed in th e

v i d e o s o f H.W

. are no t sa di st ic or m as oc hi st ic be ha vi or , an d th at th e di st ric t c o u r t

erre d whe n it ap pl ie d a fo ur -le v e l e n h a nc em en t un de r U.S.S.G. § 2G2 .1(b )(4 ) fo r

H.W

.

W hi le we no te th at “ ev en im ag es o f ch il dr en act in g in no cen tl y can be

co ns id ered la sc iv io us if th ey are in te nd ed to be se xu al ,” Uni te d St at es v. Jo hn so n, 63 9

F.3 d 43 3, 44 0 (8 th Ci r. 20 11 ), we ne ed no t de te rm in e whe th er th e nu de ph ot og rap hs

Ja ur on req ue st ed an d rece iv ed fro m S.W

. an d L.M. are la sc iv io us be cau se an y erro r

in th e co ur t’s i n c l u s i on of S.W

. an d L.M. as vi ct im s was ha rm le ss

. Lik ewis e, th e
di st ric t co ur t’s ap pl ic at io n of th e U.S.S.G. § 2G2 .1(b )(4 ) fo ur -le ve l en ha nc em en t fo r

H.W

. wou ld co ns ti tu te ha rm le ss erro r, if it was erro r at al l. “ W he re, as he re, an erro r

in ap pl y in g se nt en ci n g e n ha nc em en ts do es no t al te r th e de fen da nt ’s to ta l of fen se
le ve l, su ch an erro r is ha rm le ss .” Uni te d St at es v. St on g, 77 3 F.3 d 92 0, 92 6 (8 th Ci r.

20 14 ) (ci ti ng Uni te d St at es v. Bas ti an , 60 3 F.3 d 46 0, 46 6 (8 th Ci r. 20 10 )). W it h th e

en ha nc em en ts no w ch al le ng ed by Ja ur on , th e co ur t cal cu la te d an of fen se le ve l of 48 ;

Ja ur on arg ue s fo r a cal cu la ti on of 4 4 wit ho ut th e en ha nc em en ts

. Und er th e
Gui de li ne s cal cu la ti on s pe rfo rm ed by th e co ur t, th e pr ob at io n of fic e, th e go ve rn m en t,

an d th e de fen da nt

, Ja ur on ’s to ta l of fen se le ve l wou ld ex ceed 43

, an d th eref or e m us t

be tre at ed as 43

, th e cei li ng of of fen se le ve l cal cu la ti on s. See U.S.S.G. Ch

. 5, Pt

. A,

cm t. n.2

. Thu s, ev en if no se xu al ly ex pl ic it co nd uc t oc cu rred wit h reg ard to S.W

. an d

-6

-L.M. an d ev en if th e vi de os of H.W

. di d no t co ns ti tu te sa di st i c o r mas o c hi st ic

be ha vi or , Ja ur on ’s to ta l of fen se le ve l wo u l d b e a 43

. Acco rd in gl y , an y erro r in

in cl ud in g S.W

. an d L.M. as vi ct im s fo r pu rp os es of gu id el in es cal cu la ti on or ap pl y in g

a fo ur -le ve l enh an cem en t fo r sa di st ic or m as oc hi st ic be ha vi or wit h reg ard s to H.W

.

was ha rm le ss

.

Fu rth erm or e, th e di st ric t co ur t st at ed th at th e “ se nt en ce wou ld rem ai n 40 y ears

reg ard le ss of ho w th e ad vi so ry gu id el in es were co m pu te d. Thi s is a m os t ag gr av at ed

cri m in al cas e.” W he n th e di st ric t co ur t wou ld ha ve im po se d th e sa m e se nt en ce ab se nt

an erro r, su ch erro r is ha rm le ss

. Uni te d St at es v. Pap pa s, 71 5 F.3 d 22 5, 23 0 (8 th Ci r.

20 13 ); Uni te d Stat es v. Idri ss , 43 6 F.3 d 94 6, 95 1 (8 th Ci r. 20 06 ). Giv en th e di st ric t

co ur t’s ex pl ic it st at em en t th at it w o u l d h a ve se nt en ced Ja ur on to 48 0 m on th s’

im pr is on m en t ev en if an erro r in th e Gui de li ne s cal cu la ti on were fo un d, we co nc lu de

on th i s a lt ern at iv e gr ou nd th at an y erro r in th e di st ric t co ur t’s ap pl ic at io n of th e
Gui de li ne s wo ul d b e h arm le ss

.

III.

Ja ur on fu rth er cl ai m s th at hi s wit hi n- gu id el in es se nt en ce was su bs ta nt iv el y

un reas on ab le on th e ba s i s th at th e di st ric t co ur t fai le d to pr op erl y co ns id er th e 18

U.S.C. § 35 53 (a) fact or s. W e ap pl y th e de fere nt ia l ab use -o f-d is cret io n st an da rd whe n

rev ie win g th e su bs ta nt iv e reas on ab le ne ss of a de fen da nt ’s se nt e n c e

. Uni te d St at es

v. Feem st er, 57 2 F.3 d 45 5, 46 1 (8 th Ci r. 20 09 ) (ci ti ng Gall v. Uni te d St at es , 55 2 U.S.

38

, 51 (2 00 7) ). “ A di st ric t co ur t ab us es it s di sc ret io n ‘w h e n i t f a i l s to co ns id er a
rel ev an t and si gn ifi can t fact or , gi ve s si gn ifi can t weig ht to an irr el ev an t or im pr op er

fact or , or co ns id ers th e ap pr op ria te fact or s bu t com m it s a cl ear erro r of jud gm en t in
weig hi ng th os e fact or s.” St on g, 77 3 F.3 d at 92 6 (q uo ti ng Uni te d St at es v. Ro bi so n,

7 59 F.3 d 94 7, 95 0- 51 (8 th Ci r. 20 14 )). W e typic al ly acco rd a pr es um pt io n o f

reas on ab le ne ss to a s e nt en ce im po se d by th e di st ric t co ur t th at fal ls wit hi n th e
ad vi so ry Gui de li ne s ran ge

. Uni te d St at es v. K o b rig er, No. 15 -2 64 1, 20 16 W L

-7

-32 12 49 8, at *1 (8 th Ci r. Ju ne 10

, 20 16 ) (ci ti ng Uni te d St at es v. Scal es , 73 5 F.3 d

10 48 , 10 52 (8t h C ir. 2 01 3) ).

The di st ric t co ur t se nt en ced J a u r o n to 48 0 m on th s’ im pr is on m en t. The

ad vi so ry gu id el in es ran ge fo r a to ta l of fen se le ve l of 43 is li fe im pr is on m en t. At th e

se nt en ci ng he ari ng , th e di st ric t co ur t e x p l a i n e d th at it “ lo ok s ve ry care fu ll y at th e

35 53 (a) fact or s of Tit le 18 ,” no te d Ja ur on ’s hi st or y of st ab le em pl oym en t an d la ck of

al co ho l or su bs ta nc e ab us e, a n d fo un d th at th e arg um en ts fo r a do wnwar d va ria nc e

were “ who le he art ed an d su pp or te d by th e reco rd

, bu t jus t si m pl y pa le in co m

pa ris on

to th e ag gr av at in g fact or s in th is cas e.” The di st ric t co ur t wen t on to di sc us s so m e of

th e ag gr av at in g fact or s , i n c lu di ng th e pr es en ce of m in or vi ct im s, th e us e of fak e
id en ti ti es to tri ck th e m in or s, an d Ja ur on ’s hi st or y as a se x of fen de r pr ey in g on fem al e
ch il dr en

. W e are sa ti sf

ie d th at th e di st ric t co ur t co ns id ered al l of th e rel ev an t an d

si gn i f i can t fact or s an d affo rd ed each fact or ap pr op ria te weig ht

. Ja ur on ’s as se rti on

th at hi s st ab l e e mplo y m en t an d ot he r po si ti ve at tri bu te s sh ou ld ha ve be en affo rd ed

gr eat er weig ht is in su ffi ci en t to d e mo n st rat e th at th e di st ric t co ur t ab us ed it s
di sc ret io n in se nt en ci ng hi m wit hi n th e ad vi so ry Gui de li ne s ran ge

. See Uni te d St at es

v. Gas away, 68 4 F.3 d 80 4, 80 8 (8 th Ci r. 20 12 ) (h ol di ng th a t

, d e s pi te de fen da nt ’s

arg um en t th at th e di st ric t cou rt affo rd ed to o m uc h weig ht to so m e § 35 53 (a) fact or s

an d to o li tt le weig ht to ot he rs , it is wit hi n th e di st ric t co ur t’s di sc ret io n to de te rm in e

th e weig ht gi ve n to each fact or ); Uni te d St at es v. Town se nd

, 61 7 F.3 d 99 1, 99 4 (8 th

Ci r. 20 10 ) (p er cu ria m ) (“ The di st ric t co ur t m ay gi ve so m e fac to rs les s wei gh t th an

a de fen da nt pr efer s or m or e to ot he r fact or s, bu t th at al on e do es no t jus ti fy rev ers al .”)
(ci ta ti on om it te d)

. W e co nc lu de th at th e rep ug na nt ag gr av at in g fa ct or s o f th is cas e

were pr op erl y co ns id ered

, rev ers al is n o t jus ti fie d in li gh t of th e di st ric t co ur t’s

care fu l co ns id erat io n of su ch fact or s, an d th e di st ric t co ur t di d no t ab us e it s di sc ret io n
whe n i t s en te nc ed Jau ro n t o 4 80 m on th s o r li fe i m pr is on m en t.

-8

-IV.

Fo r th e fo reg oi ng reas on s, J au ro n’s s en te nc e is affi rm ed

.

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-9

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