J-S27018-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

v.

TAD JEREMY KELL 

Appellant

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 1328 WDA 2018

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered August 6, 2018

In the Court of Common Pleas of Warren County 

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-62-SA-0000011-2018

BEFORE: OLSON, J., OTT, J., and COLINS, J.

MEMORANDUM BY OTT, J.: FILED: September 9, 2019

Tad Jeremy Kell appeals, pro se and in forma pauperis,

1

from the 

judgment of sentence imposed in the Court of Common Pleas of Warren 

County, on August 6, 2018, after Kell failed to appear at the August 3, 2018 

____________________________________________

 Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 However, Kell’s self-written brief is titled: 

Tad Jeremy Kell

Proceeding su juris, In Propria Persona, as the Beneficiary 

Creditor 

Absolutely not proceeding pro se

Kingdom of the Power of Powers,)

on the soil of ) SS: Declaration of

Warren County, Pennsylvania ) Foreign Neutral

United States of America ) under Absolute Law’s

) of The Living Father

Kell’s Brief, cover page (emphasis added). We do not know what Kell means, 

but he is not represented by counsel.
J-S27018-19

- 2 -

summary appeal of a traffic citation. The trial court reinstated the fines and 

costs that had been imposed by the Magisterial District Court on April 23, 

2018. In this timely appeal, Kell raises 23 issues. Because Kell did not appear 

before the trial court, none of these issues was raised before the trial court. 

Accordingly, we have no issues to review and we affirm judgment of sentence.

On April 23, 2018, Kell was found guilty of violating 75 Pa.C.S. § 

1501(a), driving without a license. He was ordered to pay the fine and costs. 

Kell appealed that finding but failed to attend the trial de novo that had been 

scheduled for August 3, 2018. On August 6, 2018, the trial court filed its order 

dismissing the summary appeal and reinstating the prior conviction and 

sentence. Kell now raises such claims as:

3. Did indeed Tad Kell halt the assumption of jurisdiction by Adam 

Foriska [the Warren County police officer who wrote the citation] 

in his law merchant capacity? Did Tad Kell accomplish this by

offering a Notice of rights and then signing without prejudice 

pursuant to UCC 308? Does indeed Tad Kell have remedy and 

recourse, pursuant to UCC 308, to have jurisdiction be proved 

before any part of an administrative quasi-judicial procedure can 

continue?

...

12. May the Maureen Skerda [President Judge of Warren County] 

simply ignore a counterclaim and proceed to the chance to be 

heard phase of the procedural process by assuming consent

...

16. Does the flesh and blood man Tad Jeremy Kell have the liberty 

to be the Beneficiary of the accounts created by the Birth 

certificate and social security card

...

19. Is the person Judge Skerda mentions in her reply to the 

statement 1925b concerning the word person in PA code driver 
J-S27018-19

- 3 -

license really just Tad Jeremy Kell’s persona as created by the 

birth certificate and social security card

...

22. Tad Jeremy Kell as an American National by many generations 

of birthright Pennsylvanians whose liberties are defined by the 

treaty of Paris and The Articles of Confederation as part of The 

Organic Laws of the United States. Do these documents create a 

very specific venue and due process that must be honored when 

such a standing is made

Kell’s Brief at 4-8.

We see no need to relate all 23 of Kell’s issues. None of the issues 

appear to have been raised before the trial court. 

Initially, we note that “[i]t is a bedrock appellate principle that 

‘issues not raised in the lower court are waived and cannot be 

raised for the first time on appeal.’...”

Commonwealth v. Hitcho, 123 A.3d 731, 756 (Pa. 2015) (citation omitted).

Additionally, Kell was ordered to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of 

matters complained of on appeal. He filed a document entitled “Statements 

to the courts it may concern.” The trial court accepted this document as the 

Rule 1925(b) statement. We have reviewed the document and find it to be 

incomprehensible. As such, we believe no issue has been preserved through 

the Rule 1925(b) statement either.2 However, we note the trial court 

discerned possible issues concerning discovery and an alleged request for 

continuance. In an abundance of caution, we will adopt the trial court’s

____________________________________________

2 See Commonwealth v. Dozier, 99 A.3d 106 (Pa. Super 2014), wherein 

only four of the eighteen issues raised were worthy of consideration, the other 

fourteen issues were incomprehensible and not addressed.
J-S27018-19

- 4 -

opinion regarding those claims. The parties are directed to attach a copy of 

the trial court’s opinion in the event of further proceedings.

Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 9/9/2019
Circulated 08/20/2019 11:54 AM

MEMORANDUM OPINION PURSUANT TO Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) 

�.., = (''�; 

t �: ·.

·.·.. ··: = 

. "' ; C) 

: .:) ,,•' 

.. 

.. , 

(""") ·11 

:·:.:t.: 

....... 

.. --1 

........ 

.,\., '. N · ... :.} ... C..Jl r- 

-;·: ' ; 

, .: ) 

" 

·:::., "

...

· 

.. , 

.

.. 

. 

-0 �: rn ..... :.:;_;, ,, . .. .. , r-...) r'J -/ ·-- ' -··· .. 

U) 0 

<.....) 

SA 11 of 2018 . 

IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS 

OF THE 37th JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA 

WARREN COUNTY BRANCH 

cbMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 

Ii 

r V. 

i 

TAD KELL, 

Defendant. 

I. i Background and Procedural History 

Defendant was found guilty of a summary violation as detailed below by Magisterial 

Di.�trict Judge Raymond Zydonik on April 23,·2018. Defendant was granted In Forma Pauperis 

' 

stltus by this Court on May 22, 2018 and Defendant filed his Notice of Appeal from Summary 

I,: 

Criminai Conviction on May 23, 2018. By its Order filed June 21, 2016, the Court scheduled a 

lq . 

hJ.aring 

on Defendant's Summary Appeal for August 3, 2018. Defendant failed to appear at the 

tit• scheduled for the hearing and the Court dismissed his appeal with prejudice and 

reinstated the fines and costs imposed by the Magisterial District Court. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 462(D) 

as bted below. The Order dismissing the appeal was dated August 3, 2018 but filed August 6, 

11 

20,8. Defendant then filed a Notice of Appeal to the Superior Court on September 5, 2018. By 

Orijer dated and filed September 7, 2018, the Court ordered Defendant to file a statement of 

!' 

errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) within twenty-one days. 

I 

! 

Defendant then filed a "Cover Sheet for Statement on appeal asking the statement be 

! 

su6mitted nunc pro tune." By Order dated October 11, 2018 and filed October 12, 2018, the 

I 

1 
Court accepted Defendant's "Statements to the courts it may concern" as Defendant's Pa.RAP. 

192S(b) statement. 

I 

11J Applicable Authorities 

i 

Defendant was convicted at the Magisterial District Court level of a violation of 75 

Pa.C.S. § 1501 which reads in relevant part: 

I

I' 

DI. · d b 1· d j,•vers require to e icense . 

I 

I 

I 

I 

a driver's license valid under the provisions of this chapter. As used in this subsection, 

the term "public property" includes, but is not limited to, driveways and parking lots 

owned or leased by the Commonwealth, a political subdivision or an agency or 

instrumentality of either. 

oliendant subsequently filed an appeal for a trial de novo at the Court of Common Pleas level 

as �rovided for by: 

I 

! 

Pa.R.Crim.P. 462. Trial De Novo 

(A) When a defendant appeals after the entry of a guilty plea or a conviction by an 

issuing authority in any summary proceeding, upon the filing of the transcript and other 

papers by the issuing authority, the case shall be heard de novo by the judge of the 

court of common pleas sitting without a jury. 

I 

judge may dismiss the appeal and enter judgment in the court of common pleas on the 

I 

judgment of the issuing authority." 

!'. As discussed below, Defendant has raised issues which are typically associated with a I· 

mo/ion 

to suppress evidence, specifically whether or not there was cause for a traffic stop. 

Pa.R.Crim.P. 581(E) provides that "(a) hearing (on a motion to suppress evidence) may be either ! 

2 

(a) General rule.--No person, except those expressly exempted, shall drive any motor 

vehicle upon a highway or public property in this Commonwealth unless the person has 

Pa.R.Crim.P. 462(D) further provides that: "(i)f the defendant fails to appear, the trial 
prior to or at trial, and shall afford the attorney for the Commonwealth a reasonable 

opportunity for investigation". 

11;. Analysis 

I 

The first substantive paragraph of Defendant's 192S(b) statement reads as follows: 

The issue of jurisdiction was raised. A want of jurisdiction began when no PA 

Vehicle code infraction had even occurred during the initial traffic stop 

concerning the defendant. The officer pulled the defendant over for a headlamp 

out in daylight hours. The headlights are exempt from the code requirement of 

lights during daylight hours. Therefore the defendant asked in a counter 

compliant (sic) jurisdiction be proved and stated. With no infraction violation 

emergency or any of the like occurring how can jurisdiction be gained or proved? 

Defendant appears to be claiming that there was no cause for the traffic stop but this is not a 

jJisdictional 

issue. At paragraph 7 of Defendant's "Counterclaim Affidavit" filed July 31, 2018, +: stated that "(t)he plaintiff (meaning Defendant) did not even make an infraction of 

the vehicle code to justify being pulled over ... (a)ny unlawful stop can and will be seen as a 

viilation. 

The reason the defendant (meaning officer) claimed he had reason to search for my 

ddcuments was a headlamp out during daylight hours." Counterclaims are not a cognizable part 

! 

of summary appeal proceedings. Defendant would have had to make a timely motion to 

1 

suppress to properly bring this issue before the Court for consideration, and even if he had it 

would not excuse his failure to appear at his Summary Appeal Hearing. In the case of criminal 

triiis. 

the Court may hold a hearing concerning suppression of evidence either prior to or at 

trili as stated above. However, Defendant failed to appear for his Summary Appeal Hearing. 

The second substantive paragraph of Defendant's 192S(b) statement complains that the 

infbrmation Defendant requested in his Countercomplaint was not provided. Among the items 

I 

I 

Defendant requested at the following paragraphs of his Countercomplaint were: (1) 

3 
documentation of each "defendant('s)" oath of office, (2) all information regarding any court 

bonds, law enforcement bonds or any other bonds associated with the "defendants", (8) the 

I 

video recorded on the law enforcement agencies' vehicles that "confronted the plaintiff". "The 

I 

p�·oper 

manner for Defendant to obtain these items was to make a request for discovery 

1:: 

dJected to the Commonwealth, and if the Commonwealth failed to provide the requested 

ilms then the Court would have entertained a motion to compel production of the requested 

11; 

itJms. The lack of discovery in this matter does not excuse Defendant's failure to appear at the 

sJmmary 

Appeal Hearing. Had Defendant appeared, the Court could have addressed his 

r· 

. 

cqncerns. 

i 

! Defendant claims that the Countercomplaint asked for a continuance to allow "for all 

I 

rebuttals of affidavits the defendant served and information that was to be provided for the 

dJfendant." Defendant's letter to the Court filed of record on August 21, 2018 makes dear 

w1at 

language Defendant believes constitutes a request for a continuance. After the numbered 

paragraphs of Defendant's Countercomplaint, there is a paragraph which reads: 

In conclusion the Plaintiff asks that all rebuttals to this and other affidavits be 

submitted within thirty days to the plaintiff. As well provide the applicable bond 

information, oaths of office, and proof of jurisdiction before any other actions on 

the original claim can be taken. 

It i� the Court's opinion that this does not constitute a request for a continuance. Defendant 

pjsumed to stay the proceedings without Court intervention. Even had Defendant requested a 

cotinuance, the Court did not grant any such continuance and Defendant was not excused 

f Iii . f hi s A I H . l 

rol! appearing or rs ummary ppea earing. 

' 

I Defendant filed a letter on June 14, 2018 stating that he had not received anything concerning his appeal and 

asking that the matter "be continued at a later date if the appeal ha(d) been granted". This letter was filed before 

4 
The remainder of Defendant's 192S{b) statement reads more like a brief than a concise 

statement of issues. Defendant asserts that he has rights under documents with varying 

degrees of legal authority if any, including the "Organic Laws of the United States of America", 

1, 

tlie book of Genesis, the 9th Amendment to the United States Constitution, and the Uniform 

lf. 

Commercial Code. Defendant also relies on the use of fiat currency in coming to the conclusion 

ttt "the perpetual union of the United States of America has technically been supplanted with 

I 

a Lifferent de facto government." Defendant claims that he can stand as a "foreign neutral" to 

I 

af 

v government but those of the "republic of the perpetual union of the United States of 

America, which the current governments most certainly are not!" Defendant does not explain 

I 

how the rights he asserts give rise to an appealable issue in this case. He does not appear to 

I 

c�allenge the fact that he was driving on a highway or public property of the Commonwealth at 

th!� relevant time(s). Had he appeared at his Summary Appeal Hearing, it would have been the 

clmmonwealth's burden to prove this fact. Defendant appears to nonetheless challenge the 

. t 

; cdurt's jurisdiction over him. 

I 

To the extent that Defendant complains about encroachments on his rights brought 

l 

about by changes to the laws of this Commonwealth and the United States over time, his 

co�cerns 

are best directed towards the legislature and those bodies responsible for making 

la�s, 

as opposed to this Court which is duty-bound to enforce the laws. The last paragraph of 

' 

Derendant's 

1925(b) statement is an appeal to religion. This Court is respectful of Defendant's 

Ii 

the Court's subsequent scheduling Order dated June 20, 2018 and fifed June 21, 2018. The hearing was scheduled 

for �ugust 3, 2018. 

5 

I· 
beliefs but cannot allow his invocation of religion to influence the Court so that he would be 

treated any differently than another individual who does not share his beliefs. 

No further opinion shall issue. 

BY THE COURT 

. ) .. 

, .. :) :·:· 

··--� .. 

c::::::, �

-... 

o::i 

a 

("'") 

•-f 

I'\._) 

c.n -- 

6