1 ... S ee T EX . R. A PP . P. 47. 4. 

## COURT OF APPEALS SECOND DISTRICTOFTEXAS FORT WORTH NO . 2- 07- 155- CR
R OY GE NE DA W S ON AP P E L L ANT V . TH E STA TE O F TEXA S STA TE

----- ----- -- FR O M THE 355TH DI STRI CT CO URT O F HO O D CO UN TY

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### M E M ORANDU M OP I NI ON 1

----- ----- -- I. I N T R OD U C T I ON A p p e lla n tR o yG e n e D a w s o n a p p e a lsh isc o n v ic t io n f o rd r iv in g w h ile i nt oxi cat ed, subsequent of f ense ( “D W I ”) . I n t hr ee poi nt s, D aw son ar gues t hat t he evi den cei s l ega l l y and f ac t ual l y i ns uf f i ci entt o s upporthi s con vi ct i on a nd2

th a t th e tri a l c o u rt e rre d b ya w a rd i n g re s ti tu ti o n . W e m o d i fyi n p a rt a n d a ffir m asm odi f i ed. II. F ACTU AL B ACKGROUND O n M a rc h 2 6 , 2 0 0 6 , a t a p p ro x i m a te l y 9 :3 0 a .m ., L i n d a M aj o r, a C e n tu ry 2 1 rea l es tate ag e n t, a rr i v e d a t he r offi c e o n the sq u a re i n G ran b u ry, T e x a s to
m ee t w i t h cl i ent s. W hen sh e pul l ed i nt o a Cent ury 21 des i gna t ed par ki ng s pot i n fr o n t o fa l aw of f i ce, she not i ced D aw son st andi ng ou t si de hi s car , w hi ch
w as p a rk e d i n anotherdesi gnated s pot. M aj ort est i f i ed t hatC ent ur y 21 had f ourde si gna t ed par ki ng s pot s i n f r ontoft he l aw of f i ce . M aj or t hen got outof h e r ca r an d told D a w so n tha t he w a s p a rke d i n a re se rve d p a rki n g sp o t. D aw so n s t art ed cus si ng a tM aj oran d t hen goti n hi s ca ra n d d ro ve aw ay. M aj ort es t i f i ed t hatD aw so n a ppe ar ed i nt oxi ca t ed. M aj ort hen w ent i ns i de t he of f i ce . M aj ors t at ed t hatw hen s he w entout on t he bac k p or ch, s he sa w D aw so n dr i ve by and yel l so m et hi ng at her . M aj or sta ted tha t w h e n h e r cl i e n ts a rr i v e d , th e ytoo kthe i r ca r to l o o kat th e p rop e rt y and l ef thercari n t he par ki ng l oti n f r ont of t he l aw of f i ce. A ppr oxi m at el y an houran d a ha l ft o t w o hour s l at er , M aj orr ec ei ved a ca l l f r om t he pol i cet el l i ng hert hats he n e e d e d t o c om e b ac k t o t he of f i ce . W hen M aj orar r i ved att he
o ffi c e , sh e n o ti c e d tha t al l fou r t i res o n h e r ca r w e re fl a t.3

R obertTh om as C hr i st i an, t he D i st r i ctA t t or ney f ort he 3 55 t h Jud i ci al D i st r i ctC ourti n H ood C oun t y, t est i f i ed t hatatappr oxi m at el y 1: 00 p. m . he w as
w a lk in g t o w a r d s t h e c o u rt h o u s e w h e n t w o la d ie sa p p r o a c h e d h im a n d t o ld h im t hat a m an w as l et t i ng ai r out of t i r es. Th e l adi es t ol d C hr i st i an t hatt hey had al r eady cal l ed t he pol i ce and poi nt ed C hr i st i an t o a “sm al l r ed car . ” Ch r i st i an t hen w al ked over t o t he par ki ng l ot behi nd t he C ent ur y 21 of f i ce and saw a r ed
ca rba ck i ng up an d t hen go i n g fo rw ar d. Chr i st i an per so nal l y s aw D aw so n oper at e t he car . C hr i st i an appr oached t he passengersi de w i ndo w and knocked on t he ca r ’ s r ooft o ge tD aw so n’ s att ent i on. Chr i st i an as ke d Daw so n t o “ han g ar ound”unt i l t he pol i cear r i ved . W hen t he pol i cear r i ved , O f f i c e r Joh n Ubi nge r , a pat r ol of f i ce rw i t h t he G r anbu ry Pol i ce D epart m ent , adm i ni st er ed t w o f i el d sobr i et y t e s ts . A ft er D a w so n fai l e d the h o ri zo n tal g a ze n y sta g m u s tes t a n d the w a l k -an d -t u rn te st, h e w a s a rre s te d fo r D W I. O n Apr i l 13, 2007 , a j ury f ound D aw so n gui l t y oft he of f ens e o fD W I an d
se nt enc ed hi m t o t w ent y ye ar s’ i m pr i so nm ent and a $5, 000 f i ne. Addi t i ona l l y, t he t r i al co urtor der ed D aw so n t o pay $50 0 i n r es t i t ut i on t o M aj orf ors l as hi ng hert i r es.4 III. L EG AL S UFFICI EN CY I n hi s f i r stpoi nt , D aw so n con t end s t hatt he evi den cei s l ega l l y i ns uf f i ci ent t o s upporthi s D W I con vi ct i on bec aus e no r at i ona l t r i eroff ac tco ul d ha ve f ound t hathe oper at ed a m ot orvehi cl e i n a publ i c pl ace. A . S t andar d ofRev i ew I n r evi ew i ng t he l ega l su f f i ci enc y oft he evi den cet o s upporta con vi ct i on,
w e vi ew al l t he evi dence i n t he l i ght m ost f avor abl e t o t he pr osecut i on i n or der t o det er m i ne w het her any r at i onal t r i eroff actcoul d have f oun d t he essent i al
e l e m e n ts o f th e c ri m e b e y o n d a re a s o n a b l e d o u b t. Ja cks o nv. V ir ginia , 443 U .S . 3 0 7 , 3 1 9 , 9 9 S . C t. 2 7 8 1 , 2 7 8 9 (1 9 7 9 ); Cl a y to nv. S tate , 235 S. W . 3d 7 7 2 , 7 7 8 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 7 ). B. A ppl i cabl e Law A p e r s o n c o m m it st h e o f f e n s e o f D W I if t h e p e r s o n is in t o x ic a t e d w h ile
o p e ra ti n g a m o to r v e h i c l e i n a p u b l i c p l a c e . T EX. P EN ALC ODEA NN.§ 4 9. 04 ( a) (V e rno n 2 0 0 3 ). T h e T e x a s P e n a l C o d e d e fi n e s a p u b l i c p l a c e as “a n yp l a c e to
w hi ch t he pub l i c ora subst ant i al gr oup of t he pub l i c has access and i ncl udes, but i s notl i m i t ed t o, st r ee ts , h ig h w a ys, and t he com m on ar eas ofschool s, h o s p i ta l s , a p a rtm e n t h o u s e s , o ffice b u i l d i n g s , tra n s p o rt fa c i l i ti e s , a n d s h o p s .” Id . § 1 .0 7 (a )(4 0 ) (V e rn o n S u p p . 2 0 0 7 ).5

C . A n a ly s is D aw so n a r gue s t hatt he evi den cei s l ega l l y i ns uf fi c i e n t bec aus e t he par ki ng l ot w as nota publ i c pl ace. The S t at e assert s t hatt he par ki ng l otw as a publ i c pl ace because i tw as access i bl e t o t he pub l i c. T h e d e fi n i ti o n o f p u b l i c p l a c e i sc a s t i n b ro a d l a n g u a g e . Sh a ubv. S tate , 9 9 S .W .3 d 2 5 3 , 2 5 6 (T e x . A p p .— F o rt W o rth 2 0 0 3 , n o p e t.); State v. Nai lor, 9 4 9 S .W .2 d 3 5 7 , 3 5 9 (T e x . A p p .— S a n A n to n i o 1 9 9 7 , n o p e t.); se ealso S tate
v. G ers ten ko rn , 239 S . W . 3d 357, 358 (T e x . A pp. — San Ant oni o 2007, no pet . ) . The r el evanti nqu i ry i s w het hert he pub l i c has acces s to t he pl ace. Shaub , 99 S. W . 3d at25 6 ; L o e ra v. S tate , 14 S. W . 3d 464, 467 ( Tex. A pp .— D a ll a s 20 00 , no pet . ) . I ft he pub l i c has any a c c e s st o t h e p la c e in q u e s ti o n , i t i sp u b l i c . Wo o druff v. S ta te , 899 S . W . 2d 443, 445 ( Tex. A p p .— A u s ti n 1 9 9 5 ), cert. denied, 516 U . S. 1128 (1 9 9 6 ). T he def i ni t i on of p u b l i c p l a c e is o p e n -en d e d an d l e a v e s d i sc reti o n to th e co u rt s to ex p a n d i ts p a ra m e te rsw h e re a p p ro p ri a te . L o era , 14 S. W . 3d at46 7 ; G e rs teko rn , 239 S. W . 3d a t359. H e re, M aj o r t e sti fi e d tha t t h e p u b l i c c o u l d w a l k th rou g h th e p a rki n g l o t. S he al so st a te d th a t th e par ki ng l otw as notf enced i n. C hr i st i an st at ed t hat al t hou gh t he par ki ng l ot i s gr avel and not paved, i t i s a pub l i c p la c e b e cause p e o p l e w e re w a l k i n g thro u g h i t on M a rch 2 6 , 2 0 0 6 . H e fu rt h e r state d tha t a6

s u b s ta n ti a l g ro u p o f th e p u b l i c h a d a c c e s s to th e p a rk i n g l o t. B o th O ffice r D i rk Sai n, a G r anb ury bi kepa t ro l o ffi ce r , an d O f f i ce rU bi nge rt es t i f i ed t hatt he par ki ng l otw as a publ i c pl ace. A ddi t i onal l y, t he pol i ce vi deotape s how s sever al peo pl e w al ki ng t hr ough t he par ki ng l ot w hen t he pol i ce w e re q ues t i oni ng D aw so n. The evi den ces how s t hatal t hough t he p a rk i n g l otw ass m al l an d
u n p a v e d , i t w a ss ti l l a p u b l i c p l a c e b e c a u s e i t w a sa c c e s s i b l e to th e p u b l i c . A ddi t i onal l y, t her e w as f urt herevi dence pr esent ed t hatdem o n s t r at ed t hat D aw son w as dr i vi ng i n a pub l i c pl ace w hi l e i nt oxi cat ed. Fi r st , M aj ort est i f i ed t hatbe t w ee n 9: 45 a. m . an d 10: 0 0 a .m ., w hi l e s t and i ng on t he se con d- f l oor p o rc h , D a w s o n d ro v e b a c k b y th e b u i l d i n g o n B ri d g e S tre e t a n d y e l l e d a t h e r. S he st at ed t hatD aw son appear ed t o be i nt oxi cat ed. S econd , C hr i st i an st at ed t hatD aw so n “ bac ke d up l i kean ybod y w oul d ba ck u p to t hen go o utont o I bel i evei t ’ s Br i dg e S tre e t. ” La st l y, N ew el l D ea n Daw so n, D aw so n’ s cou si n, st at ed t hatD aw son cusses w hen he has been dr i nki ng and M aj ort est i f i ed t hat Daw s on c us s e d a th e rw he n s heg ott o Cen t ury 21. A fte r re v i e w i n g th e e v i d e n c e i n th e l i g h t m o s t fa v o ra b l e to th e v e rd i c t, w e concl ude t hatany r at i onal j uro r c o u ld have f oun d t hatt he par ki ng l otw as a p u b l i c p l a c e . See Jacks on , 4 4 3 U .S . a t 3 1 9 , 9 9 S . C t. a t 2 7 8 9 ; Hampton v. S tate , 1 6 5 S .W . 3 d 6 9 1 , 6 9 3 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 5 ). A c c o rd i n g l y , w e o v e rr u l e D a w so n ’s fi rst po i n t.7 I V. F ACTU AL S UFFICI EN CY In h is s e c o n d p o in t , D a w s o n a s s e rt st h a tt h e e v id e n c e isf a c t u a lly i nsuf f i ci entt o de m o n s t r at e t hathe w as i nt oxi cat ed att he t i m e t hathe w as ar r es t ed. A . S t andar d ofRev i ew W h e n rev i e w i n g the fac tu a l su ffi c i e n c yo f t h e e v i d e n c e to s u p p o rta con vi c t i on, w e v i ew al l t he evi den cei n a ne ut r all i ght , f avo r i ng ne i t herpa rt y. W a tso nv. S tate , 2 0 4S .W .3 d 4 0 4 , 4 1 4(T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 6 ); D r i cha s v. S tate , 17 5 S . W . 3d 79 5, 79 9 ( Tex . C r i m . A pp. 20 05 ) . W e t hen ask w het her t h e e v id e n c e s u p p o rt in g t h e c o n v ic t io n , a lt h o u g h le g a llys u f f ic ie n t , is
nev ert hel es s so w ea k t hat t he f ac t - f i nde r ’ s det er m i nat i on i s cl ea r l y w r ong a nd
m ani f es t l y un j us torw het herco nf l i c ti n g e vi den ces o gr ea t l y ou t w ei ghst he
e v id e n c e s u p p o rt in g t h e c o n v ic t io n t h a tt h e f a c t -f in d e r ’s d e t e r m in a t io n is
m a n i fe s tl y u n j u s t. W atson , 2 0 4 S .W .3 d a t 4 1 4

– 1 5 , 4 1 7 ; Jo hn so nv. S tate , 23 S. W . 3d 1, 11 ( Tex. Cr i m . A pp. 2000 ) . To r eve r seunde rt he se con d gr ound,
w e m ustdet er m i ne, w i t h som e obj ect i ve basi s i n t he r ecor d, t hatt he gr eat
w e i g h t an d p rep o n d e ran c e o f al l t h e ev i d e n c e , th o u g h l e g a l l ysu ffi c i e n t,
c o n tra d i c ts th e v e rd i c t. W atson , 204 S. W . 3d a t417. I n d e term i n i n g w h e th e r t h e ev i d e n c e i s fa c tu a l l yi n su ffi c i e n t to su p p o rta con vi ct i on t hati s nev ert hel es s su pport ed by l ega l l y s uf f i ci entev i den ce , i ti s not8

e n o u g h t h a t t h i s c o u rt“h a rbo r a su bj e c ti v e l e v e l o f r e a so n a b l e d o u b t t o overt ur n [ t he] convi ct i on. ” Id . W e c a n n o t c o n c lu d e t h a t a c o n v ic t io n isc le a r ly
w r o n g o r m a n if e s t ly u n ju s t s im p ly b e c a u s e w e w o u ld h a v e d e c id e d d if f e r e n t ly t h a n t h e ju ryo rb e c a u s e w e d is a g r e e w it h t h e ju ry ’s r e s o lu t io n o f a c o n f lic tin th e e v i d e n c e . Id . W e m a yn o t si m p l ysu b sti tu te o u r j u d g m e n t f o r t h e fac tfi n d e r’s . Johnson , 23 S. W . 3d at12; Ca in v. S tate , 958 S. W . 2d 404, 407 (T e x . C r im . A p p . 1 9 9 7 ). U n le s s t h e r e c o r d c le a r ly r e v e a ls t h a t a d if f e r e n tre s u lt i s app r opr i at e, w e m us tde f ert o t he j u ry ’s d e t er m i nat i on oft he w ei ghtt o be gi ven con t r adi ct or y t est i m oni al evi dence becau se r esol ut i on o f th e conf l i ct

“ o fte n tu rn so n a n e v a l u a ti o n o f c re d i b i l i tya n d d e m e a n o r, a n d th o s e j u ro rsw e re i n at t endan ce w hen t he t est i m ony w as del i ver ed. ” Johnson , 23 S . W . 3d a t8. Th us, w e m ustgi ve due defer ence t o th e f act - f i nder ’ s det er m i nat i ons, “p art i cul ar l y t hos e d et er m i nat i onsco nce r ni ng t he w ei ght and cr edi bi l i t y oft he evi dence. ” Id . a t9. A n opi ni on add r es si ng f ac t ual su f f i ci enc y m us t i ncl udea di sc us si on oft he
m os ti m port antan d r el eva ntev i den cet hat su pport s t he app el l ant ’ s com pl ai nt
o n a p p e a l . Si

m s v. S tate , 9 9 S .W .3 d 6 0 0 , 6 0 3 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 3 ). B . A n a ly s is C h ri s ti e P ro fi tt te s ti fi e d th a t s h e w a s c l e a n i n g a l a w o ffice o n th e s q u a re
w hen s he hea r d a m an, l at er i den t i f i ed as D aw so n, yel l i ng obs ce ni t i esout si de2 ... Pr of i t t or i gi nal l y st at ed t hat she saw D aw son sl ashi ng th e ti r es

bet w een 1 0: 00 a.m . a n d 11 : 00 a. m . , butt hen l at erst at ed t hatt he pol i ce o f f i c e r s a r r i v e d a r o u n d 1 : 0 0 p . m. 9 t he bui l di ng. P rofi tt th e n w e n t t o the w i n d o w an d sa w D a w so n p u l l o u t t w o 2 kni ves , onew i t h a w hi t e han dl e a nd on e w i t h a bl ac k h and l e, f r om hi s bootan d
coa tpoc ke t , an d be gi n s l as hi ng t i r eson a ca r . Pr of i t tca l l e d 9 -1- 1. Daw so n t h e n w a lk e d a c r o s st h e s t r e e tt o h isc a r . A lt h o u g h P r o f it tc o u ld n o tt e ll if D aw so n ha d s t art ed t he ca r ’ s i gni t i on, s he t es t i f i ed t hatt he ca rw asm ovi ng. Pr of i t tst at ed t hatD aw son appear ed t o be dr unk, butshe di d not see D aw so n w i t h a n a l coh ol i c b eve r agean d s he di d nots m el l al coh ol on Daw so n. C h ri s ti a n s ta te d th a t a fte r th e p o l i c e a rri v e d , h e s to o d b e h i n d th e C e n tu ry 21 of f i ce and w at ched t he pol i ce quest i on D aw son. C hr i st i an te s tif i ed t hat
a f t e rt hep ol i c e a r r i ve d, h e s a w a b ott l e of M og a n Dav i d a / k / a “ M a d Dog 20/ 20
w i ne”i n Daw so n’ s ca r . Chr i sti a n s tat ed t hatt he bott l e w asha l fem pt y. C h ri s ti a n te s ti fi e d th a t D a w s o n s e e m e d v e ry i n to x i c a te d a n d th a t h e h a d a h a rd t i m e k ee pi ng hi s bal anc e. Chr i st i an st at ed t hatD aw so n a ppe ar e d t o bei n a daz e. How eve r , Chr i st i an sa i d t hathedi d nots m el l al coh ol on Daw so n. O f f i ce rSai n, t es ti fi ed t hathean d hi s part ner , O f f i ce rKevi n Cl app , r espond ed t o a cal l of a m an poki ng hol es i n t i r es. W hen O f f i cerSai n ar r i ved
a t t h e p a rki n g l o t be h i n d the C e n tu ry 2 1 o ffi c e , h e sa w C h ri sti a n tal k i n g to3 ... O ffice r C l a p p l o c a te d a n o th e r k n i fe i n th e p a s s e n g e r s e a t o f D a w s o n ’s

c a r. 4 ... O f f i ce rSai n s t at ed t hat h e d i d notputi n hi s pol i cer epo rtt hathe sm el l ed al coho l on D aw son because he di d not per f or m t he f i el d sobr i et y t est s. 10 D aw son w ho w as i n t he dr i ver ’ s seatofa r ed car . O f f i cerSai n t hen asked D aw so n t o ge toutoft he ca r . O f f i ce rSai n di d a pa t dow n s ea r ch ofD aw so n a n d fou n d a w h i te p a ri n g kn if e in D a w so n ’s fr o n t r i g h t co a t po c k e t. O f f i cer 3 S ai n hand cuf f ed D aw son dur i ng t he pat dow n sea rc h b e c ause D aw son w as a s k e d t o p u th is h a n d s o n t h e c a r a n d h e k e p t t u r n in g a r o u n d a n d re m o v in g h is h a n d s fro m th e c a r. O f f i ce rSai n t es t i f i ed t hat he det ec t ed al coh ol on Daw so n’ s per so n. H e 4 al so s t at ed t hatdur i ng t he w al k- and

- t ur n t es t , D aw so n cou l d not w al k h ee l

- t ot oe, w as unst eady on hi s f eet , and had to u s e hi s ar m s f orbal ance. O f f i cer Sai n t es t i f i ed t hatD aw so n ha d s l ur r ed sp ee ch, “r ed, gl as syey es , ” and t hathe yel l ed ata f em al e of f i ceron t he scene. O f f i cerU bi ngert est i f i ed th atatappr oxi m at el y 1: 05 p. m . , he w as di spat ched t o a cal l ofa m al e w i t h t w o kni ves cut t i ng tir es. O f f i cerU bi nger st at ed t hatw hen he ar r i ved att he back par ki ng l otoft he C e n tu ry 2 1 o f f i ce, O f f i cer s C l app, S ai n, and A nna Edw ar ds w er e al r eady on t he s c e n e . O f f i cer11

U bi nge rs a i d t h a th e s me l l e d a s t r o n g a l c o h o l i c b e v e r a g e o d o rc o mi n g f r om D aw so n a nd t hatD aw so n’ s sp ee ch w ass l ur r ed. O f f i cer U b i ngert hen r ead D aw son hi s Mi randa r ig h t s . D a w s o n t o ld O ffice r U b i n g e r th a t h e h a d “ s o m e b e e r”a n d th a t h e h a d b e e n d ri v i n g h i sc a r. O f f i ce rU bi nge r t hen perf or m ed t he hor i z ont alga z e n ys t agm ust es ton Daw so n. O f f i ce rU bi nge rs t at ed t hatD aw so n f ai l ed t he t es tbe ca u seheobs erved t he
ons etofnys t agm uspr i ort o f ort y- f i ve deg r ee s and not i ce d a d i st i nctnys t agm us att he m axi m um de vi at i on. H ow eve r , O f f i ce rU bi nge rdi d s t at e t hatt he j er ki ng oft he eyes coul d exi sti n nor m al per sons. D aw son al so att em pt ed t he w al kand

- t ur n t es tt hr eet i m es , buthef ai l ed t o com pl et e t he t es tbe ca us e h e d i d not f o llo w t h e in s t r u c t io n sg iv e n t o h im . N ew el l t e s t i f i e d t h a t h e o wn s a c u s t o m b o o t s h o p o n e b l o c k of ft he squar e i n G r anbu ry. N ew el l st at ed t haton M ar ch 2 6, 20 06 , D aw son w as wo r k i n g i n t h e s h o p a n d d o i ng c o mm u n i t ys e rv i c e wo r ko n t h e s q u a r e . He st at ed t hathe saw D aw son t hr ee t i m es t hat day. N ew el l sai d t hathe l astsaw D aw son l eave t he shop atappr oxi m at el y 12 :0 0 p .m . t o 1 2: 10 p. m . and t hat D a w s o n w a ss o b e rw h e n h e le ft t h e s h o p . D a w s o n t o ld N e w e ll t h a th e w o u ld be bac k, butN ew el l di d nots eeD aw so n a gai n. A ddi t i ona l l y, t he pol i cevi deo t apes how s D aw so n f ai l i ng t o ke ep hi s han ds by h i s si de and f ai l i ng t o st and hee l

- t o- t oe dur i ng t he w al k- and

- t ur n t es t . The12

vi deo t apeal so s how s D aw so n m ovi ng hi s hea d, notj us thi s eye s , d u ri ng t he h o ri zo n tal g a ze n y sta g m u s te st. D aw so n ar gue s t hat t he evi den cei s f ac t ual l y i ns uf f i ci entt o pr ovet hathe
w as i nt oxi cat ed because no one t est i f i ed t hatt hey saw hi m dr i nki ng and O f f i cer Sai n di d nots t at e t hatD aw so n sm el l ed of al coh ol i n hi s pol i cer epo rt . Daw so n al so cl ai m s t hatal t hough t her e i s so m e e vi den cet o s upporthi s con vi ct i on, t her e i s m or e e vi den cet o s upporthi s ar gum entt hathew asnoti nt oxi ca t ed. H ow eve r , co nt r ary t o D aw so n’ s as se rt i on, our r evi ew oft he r ec or d s how s am pl e evi dence t hatD aw son w as i nt oxi cat ed. Fi r st , al t hou gh D aw son ar gues t h a tt h e e v id e n c e w a sin s u f f ic ie n t b e c a u s e n o o n e t e s t if ie d t h a tt h e ys a w h im dr i nki ng, D aw so n adm i t t ed t o O f f i ce r U bi nge r t hat he had b e e n d ri nki ng. A ddi t i ona l l y, bot h O f f i ce rSai n a nd Of f i ce rU bi nge rt es t i f i ed th a t D aw so n sm el l ed ofal coho l . Ther e w as al so evi dence pr esent ed t hatD aw son had sl ur r ed speech, gl assy eyes, and t hathe w as unabl e t o keep hi s bal ance. T h e e v i d e n c e s u p p o rti n g th e c o n v i c ti o n i s n o t s o w e a k , n o r th e c o n tra ry e v id e n c e s o o v e r w h e lm in g , t h a tt h e ju ry ’s v e r d ic tisc le a r lyw r o n g o rm a n if e s t ly
u n j u s t. W

atson , 204 S . W . 3d at 4 1 4 –15 , 417. Ther ef or e, w e h ol d t hatt he evi dence i s f act ual l y suf f i ci ent t o suppo rtt he j ur y’ s f i ndi ng t hatD aw son w as i n to x i c a ted . A c c o rding l y , w e o v e rr u l e D a w so n ’s se c o n d p o i n t.13 V. R E S T I T U T I ON I n hi s f i nalpoi nt , D aw so n c l ai m s t hatt he t r i alco urt e rre d b y gr ant i ng re s ti tu ti o n to M aj o r b e c a u s e th e re w a sn o fa c tu a l b a s i s i n th e re c o rd to s u p p o rt t he r es t i t ut i on a w ar d. W e r evi ew ch al l eng est o r es t i t ut i on or der s unde r an abu seofdi sc r et i on s ta n d a rd . Ca mp b el

l v. S tate , 5 S . W . 3 d 6 9 3 , 6 9 6 ( T e x . Cr i m. Ap p . 1 9 9 9 ) . An abu s e o f d i sc r et i on oc cur s i ft he t r i alco urtac t s w i t houtr ef er enc e t o a ny gui di ng r ul esorpr i nci pl esorac t s ar bi t r ar i l y orunr ea so nab l y. Mont gom ery v. S tate , 8 1 0 S .W .2 d 3 7 2 , 3 8 0 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 9 0 ). A rt i cl e 42 . 03 7( a) oft he T exas C ode of C r i m i nal Pr ocedu r e pr ovi des t hat “t he cou rtt hat se nt enc es a def end antco nvi ct ed ofan of f ens e m ay or dert he def end antt o m ak e r es t i t ut i on t o a ny v i ct i m oft he of f ens e o rt o t he
com pensat i on t o vi ct i m s ofcr i m e fu n d . . . . ” T EX. C ODEC R I M.P RO C. A NN.
art . 42. 037 ( a) ( V er non Supp . 2007 ) . I f t he of f ens e r es ul t s i n da m age , l os s, or d e stru c ti o n o f a v i c ti m ’s p rop e rt y , th e tr i a l co u rtm a yo rde r th e d e fen d a n t t o
r et ur n t he pr ope rt y ori ft he r et ur n o f th e pr ope rt y i s i m pos si bl e, t o pa y t he
v i c ti m th e v a l u e o f th e p ro p e rty . Id. a rt. 4 2 .0 3 7 (b )(1 ). T e x a sl a w p ro v i d e sth re e l i m i ts o n th e a m o u n t o f re s ti tu ti o n a tri a l c o u rt
c a n o rd e r. S e eCa mp b ell, 5 S. W . 3d at 6 9 6 . T h e a m o untm us tbej us tan d5 ... A l t hou gh D aw son onl y appeal ed t he r est i t ut i on or deron t he basi s t hat

i tw as notsupport ed by t he r ecor d, w e f urt her obser ve t hatt he r est i t ut i on w as n o t fo r th e o ffe n s e fo r w h i c h D a w s o n w a s c h a rg e d , i .e ., D W I. S e eCa mp b ell, 5 S .W .3 d a t 6 9 6

– 9 7 . 14 s u p p o rte d b y a fa c tu a l b a s i s w i th i n th e l o s s o f th e v i c ti m . Id. The r es t i t ut i on o r d e r e d m u s ta ls o b e f o r a n o f f e n s e f o rw h ic h t h e c o n v ic t e d p e r s o n isc r im in a lly
re s p o n s i b l e . Id. a t697; Gordo n v. S tate , 7 0 7 S . W . 2 d 6 2 6 , 6 2 9 ( T e x . C r i m. A pp. 1986 ) . Fi nal l y, r es t i t ut i on i s pr ope ronl y f ort he vi ct i m orvi ct i m s oft he
o ffe n s e fo r w h i c h th e o ffe n d e r i sc h a rg e d . Ca mp b ell, 5 S .W .3 d a t 6 9 7 ; Ma rtin
v. S tate , 8 7 4S .W .2 d 6 7 4 , 6 7 9

– 8 0 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 9 4 ). The St at e h as t he bur den of pr ovi ng t he am ount of l os s su st ai ned by t he vi ct i m ofa cr i m e b y a p r epo nde r anc e o ft he evi den cef ort he pur pos e o f fa c tu a l l ys u p p o rti n g a re s ti tu ti o n o rd e r. T EX. C ODEC R I M. P RO C. A NN.
a rt. 4 2 .0 3 7 (k ) (V e rn o n S u p p . 2 0 0 7 ). H er e, t her e i s no e vi den cei n th e re c o r d t o e st abl i sh an y a m ountof
r es t i t ut i on. The St at e p oi nt s t o Ex hi bi tA att ac hed t o t he t r i al cou rt ’ s j udgm ent t o dem onst r at e t hatt he r est i t ut i on w as j ust . H ow ever , Exhi bi tA m er el y st at es t hatD aw so n ow esM aj or $50 0 i n r es t i t ut i on, i tdoe s nots t at e w hatt he am ount isb a s e d o n . A c c o r d in g ly , b e c a u s e t h e r e isa c o m p le t e a b s e n c e o ff a c t u a l b a s is i n t he r ec or d, w e h ol d t hatan y r ef er enc e t o r es t i t ut i on sh oul d be del et ed f r om t h e j u d g m e n t. S e eW a l l a c ev. S tate , 7 5 S . W . 3 d 5 7 6 , 5 8 3 ( Tex. 515

A p p .— T e x a rk a n a 2 0 0 2 ), a ff’d, 1 0 6 S .W .3 d 1 0 3 (T e x . C r i m . A p p . 2 0 0 3 ). T h u s, w e su sta i n D a w so n ’s thir d p o i n t. A ccor di ngl y, w e m odi f y t he t r i al court ’ s j udg m entt o del et e any r ef er ence to re s ti tu ti o n . T EX. R . A PP . P . 4 3 .2 (b ). V I. C ON C L U S I ON H a v i n g m o d i fi e d th e tri a l c o u rt’s j u d g m e n t to d e l e te th e re s ti tu ti o n o rd e r,
w e a f f i r m t he t r i alco urt ’ s j udgm entasm odi f i ed.

P E R CU R I AM PA N EL F: HO LM A N , LI V I N G STO N , an d DA U PH I N O T, JJ. DO NO T P UBLI SH T EX . R. A PP . P. 47. 2( b) DEL I VERE D: J ul y 10, 2008