G R A N r I Brackish Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

App L I c Ar I o N Water Supply Resiliency and Rellabllltyinthe 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

Brackish Groundwater Desalination to Increase Water 

Supply Resiliency and Reliability in the Lower Rio 

Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

Applicant New Mexico Office of the State 

Engineer/Interstate Stream Commission 

130 South Capitol Street 

Concha Ortiz y Pino Building 

Santa Fe, NM 87504-5102 

Project Manager: John Longworth, PE 

Sr. Executive Engineer & 

Advisor to the State Engineer and NMISC Director 

New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission 

130 South Capitol Street 

Concha Ortiz y Pino Building 

Santa Fe, NM 87504-5102 

Phone: 505.795.0728 

Email: john.longworth@ose.nm.gov 

WaterSMART: Water Recycling and Desalination Planning 

Notice of Funding Opportunity No. R23AS00076 Page I � FEB 28 '23 PM 1:36 
	


G R A N T I Brackish Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

A p p L I c A Tl o N Water Supply Resiliency and Reliability In the 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

Table of Contents 

Title Page .......................................................................................................................................... i 

Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. ii 

1.0 Mandatory Federal Forms .................................................................................................... Iii 

2.0 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... 1 

3.0 Project Location .................................................................................................................... 1 

4.0 Project Description ................................................................................................................. 2 

5.0 Responses to Evaluation Criteria .......................................................................................... 6 

5.1 Evaluation Criterion 1 - Project Planning and Analysis ............................................... 6 

5.2 Evaluation Criterion 2 - Stretching Water Supplies .................................................... 9 

5.3 Evaluation Criterion 3 - Environment and Water Quality ........................................ 12 

5.4 Evaluation Criterion 4 - Department of the Interior Priorities ................................. 14 

5.5 Evaluation Criterion 5 - Watershed Perspective and Stakeholder Involvement ...... 17 

6.0 Project Budget ..................................................................................................................... 21 

6.1 Funding Plan .............................................................................................................. 21 

6.2 Budget Proposal ........................................................................................................ 21 

6.3 Budget Narrative ....................................................................................................... 21 

7 .0 Environmental and Cultural Resources Compliance ........................................................... 22 

8.0 Required Permits or Approvals ........................................................................................... 23 

9.0 Letters of Support ............................................................................................................... 23 

10.0 Overlap or Duplication of Effort Statement ........................................................................ 23 

11.0 Uniform Audit Reporting Statement ................................................................................... 23 

12.0 Conflict of Interest Disclosure Statement ........................................................................... 23 

13.0 References Cited in Technical Proposal .............................................................................. 33 

Figures 

Figure 1 Census tracts containing underserved areas as identified by the US government 

Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool ............................................................... 2 

Figure 2 Initial preliminary proposed pipeline routes from the feasibility study currently 

underway by the New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission ..................................... 4 

Figure 3 El Paso Electric service area ........................................................................................... 6 

Figure 4 Lower Rio Grande Water Planning Region ..................................................................... 7 

Figure 5 Preliminary schedule for proposed project ................................................................. 10 

Tables 

Table 1 Summary of non-federal and federal funding sources ................................................ 21 

Table 2 Summary of total project cost ...................................................................................... 21 

Table 3 Budget proposal ........................................................................................................... 22 

WaterSMART: Water Recycling and Desalination Planning 

Notlce of Funding 0p])ortunlty No. R23AS00076 Pagel] �
	


0 R A N T I Brackfsll Groundwater Oesallnatfon to lnC(ease 

A p p l I C A T I O N Water Supply Reslllency 11nd Rellabllity In the 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

2.0 Executive Summary 

Date: February 28, 2023 

Applicant Name: New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission 

City, County, and State: City of Santa Fe, Santa Fe County, State of New Mexico 

Project Summary: The New Mexico Office of the State Engineer and the New Mexico Interstate 

Stream Commission (OSE/ISC) seeks to plan for improving the resiliency and reliability of the 

water supply for growing and disadvantaged areas in Dona Ana County, New Mexico by 

evaluating the feasibility of desalination of brackish groundwater from the Salt Basin in New 

Mexico under the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) 

No. R23AS00076. This area of southern New Mexico is subject to water shortage and stress due 

to growing population and border economic activity, aridification, diminishing local supplies, 

and conflict between regional water users, in particular the Texas v. New Mexico Original No. 

141 Supreme Court Case. Because the project focuses on increasing resilience to climate 

change and supporting climate-resilient water supply development-groundwater is an 

inherently stable source of supply and responds slowly to changes in climate-it is consistent 

with E.O.14008: Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad. This project is also consistent 

with the New Mexico Water Policy and Infrastructure Task Force report Facing New Mexico's 

21st Century Water Challenges, which identifies the core area of "Coping with the reality of 

climate change impacts". In addition, the Task Force report includes a key recommendation call 

to "Equip state agencies, especially the New Mexico Office of the OSE, ISC, and the New Mexico 

Environment Department {NMED), to effectively address New Mexico's 21st Century emerging 

water security challenges and help New Mexicans across the state improve their water 

resilience and adaption to reduced water supplies.'' Funding of this project will help the State of 

New Mexico reach this goal. The Task Force report goes on to state, under Recommendation 

2.3, that the State should "Increase water resilience by leveraging federal funds - particularly 

currently available federal funds - to ensure New Mexico's water infrastructure is modernized 

for 21st century needs.", which further supports the funding of this project. 

Length of Project and Estimated Completion Date: The anticipated duration of the proposed 

project is two years with a scheduled completion date of October 31, 2025. 

Project Conducted on Federal Facility or Land: The proposed planning efforts are not for a 

project on a Federal facility. However, it is possible that some of the infrastructure involved 

with this project may be located on Federal land at some point in the future. 

3.0 Project Location 

The proposed project will evaluate brackish groundwater aquifers throughout New Mexico as 

potential sources of supply, but will focus on aquifers located in the southern portion of the 

State since they are nearest to the delivery points being evaluated. These delivery points are 

located in the Lower Rio Grande area of New Mexico, a region affected by water stress, 

aridification, and conflict and competition over limited water resources. Since this area includes 

the cities of Las Cruces, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas, as well as the United State/Mexico 

WaterSMAIIT: Waler Recycling and Desallnallon Plannlng 

NoUce ~f ftlndlng Oppoltllnlty No, R23AS00076 Page 1 �
	


a G II A N T I Brackish Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

A p p L t c A T I o N Water Supply Resiliency and Rellabilityln the 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Me~ico 

border and the Santa Teresa border crossing, it is an area poised for economic growth, which 

has been historically under-served. 

As shown in Figure 1, census tracts that are overburdened and underserved, highlighted In 

grey, include the Cities of Las Cruces, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas; Mesilla, Anthony, Vinton, 

Chaparral, and Sunland Park, New Mexico; and communit ies situated in the vicinity of the 

United States Department of Defense's Fort Bliss. Fort Bliss, in conjunction with El Paso Water, 

is currently undertaking a resilience study for water, wastewater, and stormwater 

infrastructure (El Paso Water - Public Service Board, 2022), and this project could contribute to 

these ongoing efforts. 

One of the outcomes of this 

project will be to identify the 

most feasible recipient(s) of 

desalinated water. This may 

include any of the communities 

listed above and/or the local 

water utility that serves them. As 

part of preparing this grant 

application, we have initiated 

outreach efforts to the Camino 

Real Regional Utility (CRRUA), 

which serves the Cities of Sunland 

Park and Santa Teresa, New 

Mexico. CRRUA represents a 

strong candidate to receive 

desalinated water from this 

project once the facility is 

constructed, and have provided a 

letter of support for the project. 

We have also contacted the City 

of Las Cruces Utility to gauge their 

interest in the project. 

:

ta 

1 

1PR 

GU 

AS 

MP 

VI 

-

Gl 

J 

\ 

./ 

-~ 

Cl~ 0 0 ~ ....... HI 1n-q 

Agure 1. Census tracts containing underserved areas (shaded), as identified 

by the US government Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool 

(from Explore the map • Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool 

{geoplatform.gov}). 

WaterSMART: Water Recycling and Desalination Planning 

Notice of Funding 0pport!Jnlty No. R23AS00076 Page2 �

4.0 Project Description 

Applicant Category. The New Mexico Office of the State Engineer, Interstate Stream 

Commission is seeking funding under Funding Group I. 

Eligibility of Applicant. As a state agency with authority to administer water, and one of the 

eligible applicant types described in Section Cl.l. Funding Group I: "States, Indian Tribes, 

irrigation districts, and water districts; and any state, regional, or local authority.", OSE/ISC is an 

eligible applicant to receive an award under Cl.l. Funding Group I of the NOFO. 

Goals. The primary goals of this project are to (1) increase the current understanding of 

brackish groundwater availability in southern New Mexico and (2) evaluate the feasibility of 
	


0 R A N T I Bracklsll Groundwater Desallnatlon to Increase 

A p p L I c A T I o N Water Supply Resfllency and Rellability In the 

tower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

desalinating brackish groundwater using green energy for the purpose of augmenting watersupply availability in the Lower Rio Grande Valley region in New Mexico. 

Approach. The overall approach to the proposed project will be executed in three main phases: 

• Phase I - Perform a desktop study to augment and increase our understanding of potential 

source aquifers for brackish water on the east ahd west sides of the Rio Grande In southern 

New Mexico. 

• Phase II - Evaluate the feasibility of locating, building, and operating a desalination facility. 

• Phase Ill - Evaluate the feasibility of operating the desalination facility wrth green energy 

such as solar power. 

Details on each of the.se phases -are provided below. 

Phase I. Funding for this project will provide for additional characterization of brackish 

groundwater resources in southern New Mexico, including the Mount Riley aquifer. The State 

of New Mexico is actively evaluating brackish groundwater aquifers throughout the state 

(Graham, 2015; New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, ongoing). Funding for 

this project will enhance and add to the existing and growing knowledge base of New Mexico 

brackish groundwater, and will allow the OSE/ISC to prioritize brackish groundwater reserves. 

Phase I of the proposed project will entail a desktop study of brackish groundwater availability 

in New Mexico, based on existing references and data. This study will build on the foundation 

already developed under ongoing studies such as the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and 

Mineral Resources' New Mexico: Regional Brackish Water Assessments. 

Phase I Outcomes: Ranking of southern New Mexico's available brackish groundwater aquifers, 

with estimates of annual production capacities and viab'le pumping timeline horizons. 

Phase II. The desalination system to be evaluated under this proposed project may be 

associated with brackish groundwater originating from the Salt Basin. A feasibility study is 

currently being conducted, through a Memorandum of Understanding between the OSE/ISC 

and the Albuquerque Area Office of Reclamation, to examine options for brackish groundwater 

development in the Salt Basin and siting a pipeline to bring the water westward into the Lower 

Rio Grande Valley in New Mexico. Once the brackish groundwater from the Salt Basin is 

delivered to the Lower Rio Grande Valley, it will need to be purified via desalination. Initial 

preliminary proposed pipeline routes are shown in Figure 2 (note that these have not yet 

received stakeholder input or review or acceptance by Reclamation). This work has included 

evaluation of potential aquifer capacity (S.S. Papadopulos and Associates, 2022) as well as 

preliminary evaluation of potential pipeline routes via analysis of existing rights-of-way, land 

ownership, and identification of potentially sensitive ecological and cultural resource areas. 

The general activities for evaluating the feasibility of a desalination facility to be located within 

the Lower Rio Grande Valley in southern New Mexico include the following: 

• Site evaluation: Evaluate the site to determine whether it is suitable for the proposed 

desalination system. Factors to consider include the quality and quantity of brackish 

WaterSMART: Wat11r Recycllng and Desalination Planning 

Notice or Funding Oppol'!Unlty No. R23ASo0076 

Page3 �
	


G A A N T I Brackish Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

A p p L I c A y I o N Water S~pply Resiliency and _Reliability in th~ 

lower R10 Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

A 

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~ Wate,SMART: Water Recycling and Oe$allnatlon Planning 

NoUce or Funding Opportunity No. R23AS00076 Page4 �

Figure 2. Initial preliminary proposed pipeline routes from the feasibility study currently underway by the 

New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission. 

groundwater, geology, topography, access to utilities, proximity to markets and 

transportation, environmental factors, and potential impacts on nearby communities. 

• Preliminary design: Based on the site evaluation, develop preliminary design concepts for 

the desalination system, including the type of treatment technology, methods of 

desalination residuals disposal, power source, storage and distribution system, and 

associated infrastructure. 

• Regulatory and permitting requirements: Determine the regulatory and permitting 

requirements for the project, including local, state, and federal regulations and permits 

that may be needed, such as water rights permits, discharge permits, and land use permits. 

• Capital and operating costs: Estimate the capital and operating costs of the proposed 

desalination system, including equipment, construction, labor, maintenance, and other 

associated costs. This will help determine the economic feasibility of the project. 

• Financing and funding options: Evaluate financing and funding options for the project, 

such as grants, loans, and other public or private funding sources. 

The treatment methods considered will create by-products that require disposal. Reverse 

osmosis (RO) creates a waste residual concentrate. The amount and properties of the 

concentrate depend on total dissolved solids quantity and quality. As part of this project, 

recommendations for disposing of the treatment residuals will be developed, including deep 

well injection or dewatering in an evaporation pond and land filling the solids. In general, the 
	


G R A N T I Braclclsh Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

A p p l I c AT I o N Water Supply Resiliency and Rellabflityin the 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

American Water Works Association (AWWA) M69 Inland Desalination and Concentrate 

Management Manual of Water Supply Practices (AWWA, 2019) will be followed. 

Phase II Outcomes: A ran~ed set of at least three potential desalination plant alternatives, with 

conceptual costs. 

Phase Ill. Given that desalination is an energy~intensive process, to meet the goals associated 

with climate change and resiliency, the possibility of powering the process using green energy 

such as solar will be evaluated. 

The general steps to evaluate the feasibility of using green energy to power the brackish 

groundwater desalination facility include the following: 

• Assess the energy requirements: Determine the energy requirements for the brackish 

groundwater desalination system, including the energy needed for pumping, pretreatment, reverse osmosis or other treatment processes, and post-treatment. 

• Develop preliminary design concepts: Based on the site evaluation and energy 

requirements, develop preliminary design concepts for a solar-powered system, including 

the type and capacity of solar panels, batteries or other storage systems, and associated 

infrastructure. 

• Estimate capital and operating costs: Estimate the capital and operating costs of the 

proposed solar-powered system, including equipment, installation, maintenance, and 

other associated costs. This will help to determine the economic feasibility of the project. 

• Conduct a comparative analysis: Compare the cost and performance of a solar-powered 

system with other energy sources, such as grid electricity or diesel generators. 

• Evaluate the environmental and social benefits: Analyze the potential environmental and 

social benefits of a solar-powered system, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions, 

improved air quality, and reduced noise pollution. 

• Assess the regulatory and permitting requirements: Determine the regulatory and 

permitting requirements for the project, including local, state, and federal regulations and 

permits that may be needed, such as interconnection agreements and permits for land use, 

Electricity in the Lower Rio Grande Valley in New Mexico is provided by El Paso Electric whose 

service area is shown in Figure 3. One aspect of this project will be to engage with El Paso 

Electric to determine the feasibility of supplying green power to this project. Key to the success 

of this aspect of the project will be regulatory review and the ability of the project to dovetail 

with existing green energy initiatives. 

Members of the project team participate in a coalition formed by Intel to develop technology 

solutions for the water industry, including a pilot program to develop solar power and battery 

storage solutions for water utilities (Renewable Energy Technology Powered by Intel). As a 

result, we have access to other Intel partners with specialized expertise in the design, 

construction, and operation of micro-grid control systems, solar and wind power generation, 

and large-scale battery storage systems. Through the water industry coalition, Intel provides 

grant funding of up to $150,000 for feasibility studies and support for accessing grant and other 

WaterSMART: Wale, Recycling and OesaJlnaUon Planning 

No0ce olfupdlng Opportlliilty No. R23AS00076 Pages �
	


G R A N T I Brackish Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

A p p l I c A T I o N Water Supply Resiliency and Rellability In the 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

funding for project implementation. 

Intel has expressed interest in 

supporting the feasibility assessment 

for a renewables based micro-grid 

system for the proposed brackish 

groundwater desalination facility. 

Phase Ill Outcomes: Feasibility 

analysis to determine if there is a 

reasonable probability to power the 

proposed desalination plant using 

green energy such as solar. 

5.0 Responses to 

Evaluation Criteria 

5.1 Evaluation Criterion 1 - Project 

Planning and Analysis 

Subcriterion 1a - Water Recycling 

Needs and Opportunities 

1. Problems and needs in 

project area 

The lower Rio Grande Valley of New 

Mexico is an area that has been 

identified as water short. Water 

GENERATION STATION CAPACITY IMW) 

Nowm>n Pawar Station ----736 

Rio Grande Pa""' Stahon 278 

C..ppor Pow,or Station 63 

P•lo Verda Pawwr Slition 633 

Monll.n• Power StabOn 352 

TO~fnlUt, MM 

-~) 

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Pa!o Vlrdo. AZ ~~~- (l!iOmtldl 

.... ---- o="' NEW MEXICO 

.. - TEXAS 

"/, ililiNontana • ,, .,..,,..,. 

MEXICO ~ ---

~.,,.-~'hf,Hlffl 

,&,Ii Generotin Stotion Major Oislribulion SL>tion, - Company Linn 

Figure 3. El Paso Electric service area (from El Paso Electric Files EV Plan 

With New Mexico Regulators - CleanTechnlcal. 

shortages extend from climate change (decreasing surface-water supplies), aridification, growth 

in demand, and regional conflict associated with the Rio Grande Compact (currently before the 

Supreme Court of the United States). 

2. Current and projected water supplies 

As of 2017 (and conditions have worsened since then), the estimated shortage for the Lower 

Rio Grande Planning Region, shown in Figure 4, in 2060 during a drought year is expected to 

range from 217,000 to 243,000 acre-feet. Needless to say, that is a significant shortage (New 

Mexico Interstate Stream Commission, 2017). The current project seeks to narrow that gap by 

the range of 20,000 - 40,000 acre-feet annually. 

Several key issues were identified in the Lower Rio Grande Regional Water Plan ((New Mexico 

Interstate Stream Commission, 2017), including: 

• The Rio Grande stream system is fully appropriated. In general, any new water uses that 

impact the flow of the Rio Grande must be offset through return flow, the transfer of 

existing water rights, and/or supplementation by a new source of water. 

• Groundwater pumping and depletions in New Mexico and Texas impact the flows of the 

Rio Grande and affect the operations of the Rio Grande Project. This issue continues to be 

WaterSMART: Water Recycling and Desalination Planning 

Notlce orF~ndlng Opportunity No, R23AS00076 Pages �
	


a source of controversy and conflict 

among New Mexico, Reclamation, 

and the two U.S. irrigation districts 

supplied by the Rio Grande Project 

(Elephant Butte Irrigation District 

(EBID) in New Mexico and El Paso 

County Water Improvement District 

#1 (EPCWID#l] in Texas). 

• In 2013, the State of Texas initiated 

lawsuit in the U.S. Supreme Court 

over the Rio Grande Compact, 

specifically water management and 

use by New Mexico below Elephant 

Butte Dam, that names New Mexico 

and Colorado as defendants. The 

United States has joined this lawsuit. 

• The demand for water in the Lower 

Rio Grande region has increased 

through time due to increasing 

population and increasing cultivation 

of high-water-demand crops such as 

alfalfa and pecans. 

a 

G R A N 1 1 Brackish G10undwater Desalination to Increase 

A p p L I c A T 1 0 N Water Supply Resiliency and Reliability in the 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

0 • Explanation 

N () water planning region 21 :!O C] County 1!!!!!!!!!5-.i"lco 

Figure 4. Lower Rio Grande Water Planning Region (from 

https://www.ose.state.nm.us/Planning/documents/ Reg1 

1_LowerRioGrande_RegionalWatefi>lan2017 .pdf) 

• The population of the Lower Rio Grande planning region is expected to expand from 

approximately 209,000 in 2010 to almost 350,000 in 2060. 

3. Planning activities to investigate potential uses and markets 

The proposed project will evaluate brackish groundwater aquifers throughout southern New 

Mexico as potential sources of supply. These aquifers are nearest to the delivery point(s) being 

evaluated which are located in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico, a region affected 

by water stress, aridification, and conflict and competition over limited water resources. Since 

this area includes the cities of Las Cruces, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas, as well as the United 

States/Mexico border and the Santa Teresa border crossing, it is an area poised for economic 

growth that has been historically under-served. 

This project will serve disadvantaged and underserved communities in rural southern New 

Mexico (locally known as "colonias'1

, and includes areas such as Sunland Park, New Mexico) by 

providing water to local mutual domestic water providers who may have no other access to 

additional supply. In addition, this project will bring additional supply into the economically 

important Santa Teresa border area, which serves as an important border crossing point 

between the United States and Mexico. Future growth is expected in the region and thus 

additional water supply will be needed. 

The project may also benefit the Cities of Las Cruces, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas, as well as 

Mesilla, Anthony, Vinton, and Chaparral, New Mexico, as well as communities situated in the 

WaterSMART: WaterRecycllogand Desalination Planning 

Noijce of Funding Opportunity No, R23AS00076 Page 7 �
	


G R A N T I Brack1$11 Groundwater Desatlnatlon to lnorease 

A p p L I C A T I o N Water Supply Resiliency and Rellablllty in ltie 

Lower Rio Grande Valley RegJon of New Mexico 

vicinity of the United States Department of Defense's Fort Bliss. Fort Bliss, in conjuhction with El 

Paso Water, is currently undertaking a resilience study for water, wastewater, and stormwater 

infrastructure (El Paso Water - Public Service Board, 2022), and the proposed project could 

dovetail with these ongoing efforts. 

One of the outcomes of this project will be to identify the most feasible recipient(s) of 

desalinated water, and they may include any of the communities listed above and/or the local 

water utility that serves them. Outreach efforts have been initiated with the Camino Real 

Regional Utility (CRRUA), which serves the Cities of Sunland Park and Santa Teresa, New 

Mexico, and they have provided a letter of support for the project. CRRUA represents a strong 

candidate to receive desalinated water from this project once it is constructed. The City of Las 

Cruces Utility has also been contacted to gauge their interest in the project. 

4. Source water 

Funding for this study will provide for additional characterization brackish groundwater 

resources in southern New Mexico. The State of New Mexico is actively evaluating brackish 

groundwater aquifer throughout the state (Graham, 2015; New Mexico Bureau of Geology and 

Mineral Resources, ongoing). Another brackish groundwater aquifer in southern New Mexico 

which has been the focus of much study is the Capitan Reef. Funding fot this project Will 

enhance and add to the existing and growing knowledge base of brackish groundwater in New 

Mexico and will allow OSE/ISC to pr_ioritize known brackish groundwater reserves. 

Subcriterion 1b - Evaluation of Project Alternatives 

1. Objectives that all alternatives will be designed to meet 

The primary objective that any setected alternative will need to meet is to deliver water 

meeting all drinking-water quality standards to an existing water purveyor in a manner in which 

the delivered water can be seamlessly integrated into its existing supply. We will also seek to 

identify recipients that will derive the most benefit from the supply. These recipients may 

include underserved or economically disadvantaged communities. In addition, we will seek to 

minimize the carbon footprint of any proposed desalination plant by integrating a renewable 

energy component into the process, if practicable. 

2. How planning activities will develop project alt,ernatives 

To develop project alternatives for the desalination facility, we will execute a feasibility-level 

planning study. The activities associated with this study are described above under Phase II of 

the Approach (pages 5 and 6). The alternatives will be ranked using a set of decision-analysis 

metrics that include: 

• Reliability • Socioeconomic Impact 

• Regional Impact • Ecosystem Protection 

• Technical Feasibility • Carbon Footpr'int (energy usage) 

• Permitting • Sustainability and resiliency 

• Time to Implement • Cost 

• Cultural, Historical, and Aesthetic Values 

WaterSMART: Waler Recycllng and Desall11atlon Planning 

Notice Qff~ndlog ()pportU"lty No, R23ASOOQ76 Pages �
	


a R A N 1 I Bracklsti Groundwater Desalination to lnc1ease 

A p p L l C A TI O N Watei Supply Resiliency and Reliability In tlle 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New MeKIOO 

Cohceptual-design level construction cost estimates will be developed for each alternative, 

consistent with AACE Class 4. Cost estimates will include allowances for professional services 

for engineering, permitting, and other activities estimated as percentages of construction cost. 

Based on the conceptuaf designs, estimates of annual operating costs will be developed, 

including labor, energy, and maintenance. 

For comparison of.alternatives, we will complete life-cycle cost analysis of each alternative 

based on the estimated construction costs and annual operating costs. Analysis will be based on 

an assumed 40-year project life and appropriate discount rates. Costs will be presented as 

totals and per acre-foot per year (ac-ft/yr) capacity. Other parameters required for evaluation 

of alternatives will be calculated, including energy use and equivalent greenh,ouse gas (GHG) 

emissions per ac-ft/yr. 

The general activities that will be completed to evaluate green energy alternatives to power the 

desalination plant are described above under Phase Ill of t he Approach (page 7). 

3. General description of selected project 

The proposed project is a feasibility study that will use the decision-analysis metrics listed 

above to determine the feasibility of siting, constructing, and operating a solar-powered 

desalination plant in the Lower Rio Grande Valley region of southern New Mexico. Accordingly, 

a "selected project/) has not yet been determined. However, if deemed feasible, the selected 

project is expected to generally consist of a desalination plant, powered via solar energy (with 

battery storage if feasible), likely to be co-located with an existing water supply or water 

treatment facility to facilitate delivery of the water directly into an existing drinking water 

system. The source of raw water for the desalination facility may be one of several potential 

sources, with one potential sources being the Salt Basin aquifer which has already been studied 

as a potential raw-water source for this project. A more detailed study of the Salt Basin aquifer 

production capacity and alternatives analysis for potential pipeline routes is currently being 

executed under a memorandum of understanding between the OSE/ISC and Reclamation 

(NMISC and Redamation, 2019). 

4. Preliminary schedule 

Because this project is a feasibility study, an alternative for a specific proiect has not yet been 

selected. A preliminary schedule showing major tasks, dates, and costs for the planning portion 

of the project (Phases I through Ill described in the Approach section of the Project Description 

above and associated tasks), is provided in Figure 5. 

5.2 Evaluation Criterion 2 - Stretching Water Supplies 

1. Potential for project to reduce, postpone, or eliminate development of new or expanded 

non-recycled water supplies 

This project has significant potential to augment existing water supplies in the Lower Rio 

Grande Valley region of New Mexico by bringing 20,000-40,000 ac-ft/yr of new water supply 

into an area characterized by water stress, aridification, and conflict and competition over 

limited water resources. Since this area includes the cities of Las Cruces, New Mexico and El 

Paso, Texas, as well as the United States/Mexico border and the Santa Teresa border crossing, it 

WaterSMART:Watet Recycltng and Desalloatlon Planning 

Nollee QfFuodlogOppo[1llnlty No, R23flS00076 Page8 �
	


Phase 1 • 

Brackish Groundwater 12/01/23 05/31/ 24 80,000 

Availability Desktop Study 

Phase2 -

Brackish Groundwater Desai 06/01/24 05/31/ 25 260,000 

Facility Feasibility Study 

Phase3 -

Solar Power Facility 09/01/ 24 02/28/25 160,000 

Feasibllity Study 

Reporting and Meetings 12/01/23 05/31/ 25 40,000 

Project Management 12/01/23 05/31/25 60,000 

Figure 5. Preliminary schedule for proposed project 

is an area poised for economic growth, and has been historically under-served. Desalination of 

brackish groundwater can serve as a buffering supply which can stabilize a water-short region 

currently in conflict over limited water resources to support both traditional agricultural 

practice as well as growing urban areas. In addition, we have the opportunity to grow 

renewable energy infrastructure in New Mexico-a state that represents a prime location for 

solar power-by developing a renewable-energy powered desalination plant that may 

represent the first of its kind. 

2, Potential for project to alleviate pressure on existing water supplies and/or facilities 

This project has significant potential to alleviate the extreme pressure currently being 

experienced on existing supplies in the region (see 3. Potential for the project to make water 

available to address a specific concern below). By bringing 20,000 -40,000 ac-ft/yr of additional 

supply into the region, we can significantly reduce the supply conflict currently being 

experienced as a result of reduced surface-water flows in the Rio Grande available for irrigation 

due to climate change, additional groundwater pumping to augment surface-water flows for 

irrigation as a result of lower deliveries, and declining local groundwater supplies. Conflict in 

the region has resulted in Supreme Court litigation which has highlighted the need to bring 

additional water resources into the region to ease the ongoing discord. 

Similarly, by evaluating the feasibility of powering the proposed desalination project with solar 

energy, we will advance the renewable energy agenda of both Reclamation and the State of 

New Mexico: 

• Sustainable Energy Strategy: (Reclamation, 2013): "Reclamation seeks t o facilitate the 

development, production, and integration of renewable energy in an environmentally and 

economically sound manner in the interests of its water and power customers and the 

American public alike ... In this pursuit, Reclamation will...[c]ollaborate with Power 

Marketing Agencies (PMAs), other Federal agencies, customers, Indian tribes (Tribest state 

entities, and other stakeholders." 

G R A N T I Brackish Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

A p p L I C A T I o N Water Supply Resiliency and Reliability In the 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region or New Mexico 

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G R A N T I Braokish Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

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• State of New Mexico (2020): "This Plan is designed to help promote the viable and 

emerging New Mexico renewable energy industry ... the Plan simply encourages prudent 

investments In the New Mexico renewable energy industry." 

Renewable energy development in New Mexico is also supported by such agencies as the New 

Mexico Economic Development Department (Sustainable & Green Energy - New Mexico EDD): 

"New Mexico ... has tremendous solar energy potential." and we currently have an Office of 

Renewable Energy, which is part of the New Mexico State Land Office (About -Office of 

Renewable Energy I NM State Land Office (nmstatelands.org)). 

3. Potential for project to make water available to address a specific concern 

The specific water-supply concerns for the Lower Rio Grande Valley region of New Mexico were 

outlined in the Lower Rio Grande Regional Water Plan ((New Mexico Interstate Stream 

Commission, 2017), including: 

• The Rio Grande stream system is fully appropriated. In general, any new water uses that 

impact the flow of the Rio Grande must be offset through return flow, the transfer of 

existing water rights, and/or supplementation by a new source of water. 

• Groundwater pumping and depletions in New Mexico and Texas impact the flows of the 

Rio Grande and affect the operations of the Rio Grande Project. This issue continues to be 

a source of controversy and conflict among New Mexico, Texas, Reclamation, and the two 

U.S. irrigation districts supplied by the Rio Grande Project (EBID in New Mexico and 

EPCWID#l in Texas). 

• In 2013, the State of Texas initiated a lawsuit in the U.S. Supreme Court over the Rio 

Grande Compact, specifically water management and water use by New Mexico below 

Elephant Butte Dam, that names New Mexico and Colorado as defendants. The United 

States has joined in this lawsuit. The suit is currently in mediation. 

• The demand for water in the Lower Rio Grande region has increased through time due to 

increasing population and increasing cultivation of high-water-demand crops such as 

alfalfa and pecans. 

• The population of the Lower Rio Grande planning region is expected to expand from 

approximately 209,000 in 2010 to almost 350,000 in 2060. The increasing demand for 

municipal water is likely to result in water rights transfers from agriculture through willing 

seller-willing buyer agreements. By creating a new water source, the proposed project will 

help minimize transfers. 

These concerns highlight the need to bring additional water into the region to address current 

and future water-supply needs. 

4. Potential fo.r project to help create additional flexibility to address drought 

Groundwater is an inherently stable source of supply, and responds slowly to changes in 

climate, and thus represents a key potential source of supply which can act as a buffer, 

particularly during periods of low surface-water availability. Groundwater can be thought of as 

a drought reserve - one that if carefully managed, can provide additional supply augmentation 

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G R A N T I Brackish Groundwater Desallnatlon to locreaSE> 

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Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Me~lco 

during dry times. Given that we expect more climate variability in the future-the dry periods 

will likely be drier for longer and the wet periods may be wetter-there is an urgent need to 

develop stable supplies such as desalinated brackish groundwater. This is consistent with the 

New Mexico Water Policy and Infrastructure Task Force report Facing New Mexico's 21st 

Century Water Challenges, which identified the core area of "Coping with the reality of climate 

change impacts". While brackish groundwater is a limited resource, careful management and 

understanding of Its availability will allow it to be managed carefully. An additional outcome of 

this study will be more detailed characterization of existing brackish groundwater resources in 

New Mexico such as the Salt Basin and the Capitan Reef aquifers. Additionally, The Lower Rio 

Grande Regional Water Plan cites desalination as a strategy to meet future water demand (New 

Mexico Interstate Stream Commission, 2017, pES-7, p146, Appendix 8-A). This strategy was also 

identified in stakeholder meetings (New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission, 2017, pES-9) 

and follows from one of the key recommendations of Facing New Mexico's 21st Century Water 

Challenges, namely ,rAdvance our scientific understanding of groundwater through measuring, 

monitoring, and models. to protect the quantity and quality of groundwater resources.'' The 

foundational aquifer characterization work already completed to set the stage for this proposed 

feasibility study are supported by Task Force report Recommendations 2.8 and 3.1: "Advance 

scientific understanding and monitoring to support protection of the quantity and quality of 

groundwater resources." and "Advance scientific understanding and monitoring to support 

protection of the quantity and quality of groundwater resources." 

5.3 Evaluation Criterion 3 - Environment and Water Quality 

1. Potential for project to improve quality of surface water or groundwater. 

This project has the potential to provide drinking water quality .supply to a region affected by 

water stress, aridification, and conflict and competition over limited water resources. Brackish 

groundwater, which in its natural state is unfit for human consumption, can be desalinated via a 

green energy powered process to provide additional high-quality drinking water to one or more 

municipalities in the Lower Rio Grande Valley region of southern New Mexico. Declines in 

surface-water availability for irrigation from the Rio Grande due to climate change and 

aridification are leading to salt buildup in the soil because sufficient water is not available to 

flush the soils appropriatery. Increasing salinity in the Valley may ultimately impact watersupply wells. This project has the potential to provide high-quality water to local rural water 

providers and mutual domestics, that need additional supply. 

2. Potential for project to improve effluent quality beyond levels necessary to meet State or 

Federal discharge requirements. 

Because this project does not contemplate treatment of treated wastewater return flows from 

municipal or other sources, this criterion is not applicable. Source water will be naturally 

occurring brackish groundwater, which will be desalinated for municipal drinking water 

purposes. 

3. Potential for project to improve flow conditions in a natural stream channel. 

Currently there is significant conflict in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico related to 

apportionment of the waters of the Rio Grande under the Rio Grande Compact (Texas v. New 

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G R " N 1 I Bracklsh Groundwater Desalination to lnaease 

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Lower Rio Grande Valley RegJen of New Mexico 

Mexico and Colorado, No. 141 Original before the Supreme Court of the United States). This 

project has the potential to bring 20,000 - 40,000 ac-ft/yr into the region, thus decreasing 

stress on the surface waters of the Rio Grande which will likely result in the ability to leave 

additional water in the Rio Grande t o improve flow conditions in that natural stream channel. 

4. Potential for project to restore or enhance habitat for non-listed fish and wildlife species. 

The Rio Grande in southern New Mexico is known for its rich diversity of flora and fauna. The 

area is a mix of desert and riparian ecosystems, which support a range of plant species. Along 

the banks of the river, cottonwood trees, willows, and salt cedar are common, providing shade 

and habitat for a variety of wildlife. The surrounding desert landscape fncludes yuccas1 agaves, 

mesquite trees, and cacti. The flora of the Rio Grande is adapted to the hot and arid conditions 

of the region, with many species relying on the riv~r's water for survival. 

The fauna of the Rio Grande is just as diverse as its flora. The river supports a variety of fish 

species, as well as freshwater mussels and clams. Many birds can be seen fishing along the 

river, while the surrounding desert is home to roadrunners, quails, and hummingbirds. Larger 

m~mmals such as coyotes, bobcats, and mule deer also live in the area, as well as smaller 

animals like lizards, snakes, and insects. Despite the rich biodiversity of the Rio Grande, many 

species face threats from human development, climate change, and invasive species, making 

conservation efforts crucial to the preservation of this unique ecosystem. 

This project has the potential to support the conservation and continued ecological health of 

this unique ecosystem by increasing the local water supply and decreasing stress on the river, 

thereby increasing flows in the river and its habitat. 

S. Potential for project to provide water or habitat for federally listed threatened or 

endangered species. 

The Rio Grande Valley in southern New Mexico is home to the endangered Southwestern 

Willow Flycatcher and the threatened Western Yellow-Billed Cuckoo. The Southwestern Willow 

Flycatcher (Empidonax trail/Iii extimtis/flycatcher) was added to the endangered species list in 

1995 and the final rule for critical habitat designation was in 2013 (78. FR 343). The flycatcher 

range is from Central America, through as the southwestern United States and extends as far 

north as Colorado and Utah. The Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeds and rears it chicks in 

the late spring and through the summer fn southwestern states, including New Mexico's dense 

riparian vegetation along streams, rivers, wetlands. 

The Western Yellow-Billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis) was listed as threatened 

in November 3, 2014 (79 FR 59991) and critical habitat designation is under review (79 FR 

67154). The states in which the Western Yellow-Billed Cuckoo is known to or is believed to 

occur are Arizona, California, Colorado, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Utah, 

Washington, and Wyoming. Traveling from their winter homes in South America, the birds 

arrive in the Western United States to breed from early June to late August in vegetated areas 

along rivers and streams. Once common between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean 

and from lower British Columbia, Canada, south to northern Mexico, western cuckoos have 

now disappeared from the Pacific Northwest and Canada, and only a few pairs still breed in 

Utah, Idaho, Colorado, and Nevada. Most breeding occurs in isolated areas along rivers in 

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Arizona, California, and New Mexico. Cuckoos prefer breeding habitat dominated by native 

tree species, especially cottonwood-willow habrtat. 

This project has the potential to increase habitat for both of these endangered birds by 

decreasing the overall need to consume surface water from the Rio Grande, and thus increasing 

flows In the river and their natural habitat. 

5.4 Evaluation Criterion 4 - Department of the Interior Priorities 

A solar powered brackish groundwater desalination project in water-short southern New 

Mexico is an excellent example of how the Biden-Harris Administration1

s priorities, including 

E.O. 14008;• Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad, can be supported. This project 

can help address the water shortage in the area by using renewable energy to power a 

desalination plant that converts brackish groundwater into clean drinking water. By doing so, 

the project can help reduce the stress on the local water resources and improve the access to 

dean and safe water for the residents in the region. 

The use of solar power in the desalination process aligns with the Biden-Harris Administration's 

focus on clean energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By replacing traditional fossil 

fuel-based energy sources with renewable solar power, the project can help reduce the carbon 

footprint of the water treatment process. Additionally, the use of brackish groundwater as .a 

source of water for the project reduces the reliance on surface water sources, which can be 

heavily impacted by climate change and drought. This approach aligns with the Administration's 

efforts to promote water resiliency and adaptation to the effects of the climate crisis. 

The project demonstrates support for the Biden-Harr.is Administration's priorities, including 

E.O. 14008, by promoting clean energy, water resiliency, and addressing the impacts of climate 

change. It is a great example of how innovative solutions can help address complex 

environmental challenges while also promoting economic development and social equity. 

The project demonstrates support for E.O. 13985: Advancing Racial Equity and' Support for 

Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government, and the President's 

memorandum, Tribal Consultation and Strengthening Nation-to Nation Relationships in the 

following ways. 

• It is aimed at providing a sustainable source of clean drinking water for communities in the 

region that have historically been underserved and have limited access to reliable water 

resources. This addresses one of the key issues of ·environmental justice, which is the 

unequal distribution of environmental burdens and benefits among different communities. 

By providing a sustainable so.tlrce of clean water, the project aims to improve the health 

and well-being of the residents in these underserved communities. 

• It uses solar power to operate the desalination system, which is an environmentally 

friendl'y alternative to conventional fossil fuel-based energy sources. The use of renewable 

energy aligns with the goals of the President's memorandum, which seeks to address 

climate change and promote sustainable practices. The project's focus on sustainable 

practices, including the use of renewable energy, also aligns with the President's 

memorandum on Strengthening Nation-to-Nation Relationships, which encourages the 

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a G R A N r I Brackish Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

A p p L I c A T I o N Water Supply Reslllency and Rellablllty In the 

lowe1 Rio Grande Valley Region orNew MexJco 

adoption of environmentally responsible practices that support the health and well-being 

of indigenous communities. 

• It promotes local economic development by creating jobs and supporting the growth of 

the clean energy industry in the region. This is in line with the goals of the President's 

memorandum, which seeks to promote economic opportunity and reduce economic 

inequality for underserved communities. 

Overall, the project demonstrates how infrastructure projects can be designed to promote 

environmental justice, sustainable practices, and economic opportunity for underserved 

communities. 

Climate Change. A solar powered desalination plant in southern New Mexico can have several 

positive environmental impacts. These include: 

• The use of renewable solar ehergy to power the plant will significantly reduce greenhouse 

gas emissions and climate pollution that would otherwise be associated with conventional 

fos-sil fuel-based energy sources. By reducing emissions, the project can help to mitigate 

the negative impacts of climate change, including rising temperature.s, drought, and more 

severe weather events. 

• By providing a sustainable source of clean water, the project can increase the resilience of 

the local communities to the impacts of climate change, such as prolonged drought and 

water scarcity. This is especially important in arid regions like southern New Mexico, where 

water resources are limited. 

• The project will protect public health by providing a reliable and safe source of clean 

drinking water to the communities in the region. This can help to reduce the risk of 

waterborne diseases and other health issues associated with contaminated water. 

• The project can help to conserve our lands, waters, oceans, and biodiversity by reducing 

the demand for water from other sources, such as rivers and groundwater. By reducing 

water withdrawals from these sources; the project can help to protect and preserve the 

natural ecosystems that depend on them. 

The 2021 SECURE Wc1ter Act Report, published by Reclamation (Reclamation, 2021), outlines 

the major climate-related water resource challenges facing the western United States, including 

New Mexico. This project can help address some of the following key issues detaHed in the 

report, 

• Water Scarcity: The report identifies water scarcity as a major challenge in the western US, 

and notes that climate change is exacerbating this problem by reducing snowpack and 

runoff. The desalination project can provide a sustainable source of water in an arid region 

where water resources are limited. 

• Drought: The report notes that drought is becoming more frequent and severe in the 

western US, and that droughts are expected to become longer and more intense due to 

climate change. The desalination project can help communities in southern New Mexico to 

better prepare for and adapt to drought conditions by providing a reliable source of water 

that is not dependent on rainfall or river flow 

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G R A N T I Braok!sti GroundwaterOesalJnatlon to lncreas;. 

A p p l I C A T I o N Water Supply ResllienC)'and Reliability In the 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

• Groundwater Depletion: The report highlights the need to reduce groundwater pumping to 

prevent aquifer depletion, which can have long-term negative impacts on water resources. 

By using brackish groundwater as a feedwater source for desalination, the project can help 

to reduce demand for freshwater and decrease the need for pumping groundwater. 

• Water Quality: The report notes that climate change can impact water quality, through 

factors such as increased water temperature, altered precipitation patterns, and changes 

in streamflows. The desalination project can provide a reliable source of high-quality 

drinking water that is not affected by changes in climate and may al.so help to reduce 

contamination in groundwater and surface water sources by decre.asing demand for these 

sources. 

Disadvantaged or Underserved' Communities. The term "colo.nias" is commonly used in New 

Mexico and other southwestern states to refer to unincorporated, low-income rural 

communities that lack basic infrastructure and services, such as running water, sewage systems, 

and paved roads. These communities are often located along the US-Mexico border and are 

primarily inhabited by Hispanic or Latino residents. In the Rio Grande Valley of southern New 

Mexico, colonias are typically located in areas that are historically underserved and lack access 

to basic services, including healthcare, education, and employment opportunities. Many 

residents of colonias work in low-wage, manual labor jobs, such as agriculture, construction, 

and service industries. Colonias often lack basic infrastructure and services due to a 

combination of factors, including a lack of public funding for rural areas, limited local resources, 

and the challenges of developing infrastructure in remote and arid regions. Residents of 

colonias may also face challenges related to transportation, as many lack access to reliable 

public transportation and may live far from essential services and amenities. Colonias face a 

range of challenges related to poverty, inadequate infrastructure and servfces, and limited 

opportunities for economic and social mobility. These challenges can have significant impacts 

on the health, well-being, and quality of life of residents in these communities. This proposed 

project has great potenttal to provide adequate clean water to these areas, improving both 

quality of life and economic opportunities for the region. 

Tribal Benefits. Due to the proposed location of the project, which is far from most of the 

Pueblo communities of New Mexico, this proje,ct does not have significant potential to provide 

tribal benefits. One option is to consider providing water to the Fort Sill Apache reservation, 

which is somewhat west of the project area. The Fort Sill Apache reservation is a Native 

American reservation located in southern New Mexico, near the border with Texas. The 

reservation is home to the Fort Sill Apache Tribe, which is a federally recognized tribe with a 

population of around 700 members. The reservation is located in an arid region of New Mexico 

and faces many of the water resource challenges common to the area, including water scarcity, 

drought, and groundwater depletion. The Fort Sill Apache Tribe is engaged in efforts to develop 

sustainable water management strategies and increase access to clean, reliable sources of 

water on the reservation. As part of this project, we will seek to .engage with the Fort Sill 

Apache Trfbe to support their ongoing water-supply needs by considering them as a potential 

recipient of the desalinated brackish groundwater that will be produced by the project. 

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G R A N T l Bracklsh Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

A p p L I c A r 1 0 N Water Supply Reslllency and Rellablllt)t In Ille Lower Rlo Grando Valley Region of New Mexico 

5.5 Evaluation Criterion 5 - Watershed Perspective and Stakeholder Involvement 

This project can promote or apply a watershed perspective by implementing an integrated 

resources management approach, forming collaborative partnerships, and conducting public 

outreach. Such a project is consistent with the goals of the New Mexico SO-Year Water Plan 

(currently in draft form), the New Mexico Water Policy and Infrastructure Task Force report, 

and the Lower Rio Grande Regional Water Plan. 

Integrated resources management involves taking a holistic approach to managing water 

resources and considering the interconnected nature of water, land, and ecosystems. A solar 

powered brackish groundwater desalination project can contribute to integrated resources 

management by identifying and prioritizing water demands and integrating multiple water 

sources. This project can also help identify opportunities to conserve and reuse water and 

reduce the demand for freshwater resources. 

Collaborative partnerships are critical to promoting a watershed perspective, as water 

resources management often requires coordination and cooperation among multiple 

stakeholders. A solar powered desalination project can form partnerships with other entities, 

such as water utilities, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations, to share 

information, resources, and expertise. 

Public outreach is another important element of promoting a watershed perspective, as it can 

help raise awareness of the importance of water resources management and encourage 

community engagement in water management efforts. A solar powered desalination project 

can include public outreach to inform local communities and stakeholders about the project 

and its potential benefits and to gather feedback and input. 

The New Mexico SO-Year Water Plan, the New Mexico Water Policy and Infrastructure Task 

Force report, and the Lower Rio Grande Regional Water Plan all recognize the importance of 

integrated resources management, collaborative partnerships, and public outreach in 

promoting sustainable water management practices. A solar powered brackish groundwater 

desalination project in southern New Mexico can contribute to these goals by using a 

watershed perspective to manage water resources, forming partnerships with other entities, 

and conducting public outreach. 

Specific responses to the key points presented under Evaluation Criterion 5 are provided below. 

1. Implementing regional or state water plan or integrated resource management plan 

As shown in numerous citations previously in this application, the proposed project is 

consistent with multiple State and Federal goals and objectives. The State of New Mexico and 

organizations within it have articulated many times both the need and the desire for a brackish 

groundwater desalination project, particularly one that includes a renewable energy 

component. Examples of how this project will help implement a regional or state water plan 

include the following: 

• The Lower Rio Grande Regional Water Plan cites desalination as a strategy to meet future 

water demand (New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission., 2017, pES-7, p146, Appendix 

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G R A NT I Bracklsh GroundwaterOesalfnatlon to Jncrease 

Appl I c AT Io N WalerSupplyReslllencyand RellabllitYinthe 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Meicico 

8-A). This strategy was also identified in stakeholder meetings (New Mexico Interstate 

Stream Commission, 2017, pES-9). 

• Since this is a brackish groundwater development project, it is consistent with E.O. 14008: 

Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad, because the project focuses on increasing 

resilience to climate change and supporting climate-resilient development - groundwater 

is an inherently stable source of supply and responds slowly to changes in climate. 

• This project is consistent with the New M exico Water Policy and lnfrastructu.re Task Force 

report Facing New Mexico's 21st Century Water Challenges, which identified the core area 

of "Coping with the reality of climate change impacts". 

• The Task Force report includes a key recommendation call to "Equip state agencies, 

especially the Office of the State Engineer (OSE), the Interstate Stream Commission (ISC), 

and the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED), to effectively address New 

Mexico's 21st Century emerging water security challenges and help New Mexicans across 

the state improve their water resilience and adaption to reduced water supplies." 

• Funding of this project will help the State of New Mexico to reach this goal. The Task Force 

report goes on to state, under Recommendation 2.3, that the State should ''Increase water 

resilience by leveraging federal funds- particularly currently available federal funds - to 

ensure New Mexico's water infrastructure is modernized for 21st century needs.", which 

further supports funding this project. 

• While the soon-to-be-released New Mexico SO-Year Water Plan is still in final draft form, 

early indications are that it likely supports a project of this type. 

• This approach is consistent with Redamation's Sustainable Energy Mission, as put forward 

in its Sustainable Energy Strategy: (Reclamation, 2013): "Reclamation seeks to facilitate the 

development, production, and integration of renewable energy in an environmentally and 

economically sound manner in the interests of its water and power customers and the 

American public alike ... In this pursuit, Reclamation will...[c]ollaborate with Power 

Marketing Agencies (PMAs), other Federal agencies, customers, Indian tribes (Tribes), state 

entities, and other stakeholders." 

2. Helping meet water supply needs of large geographic area, region, or watershed 

This project will help to mitigate a known regional, water-supply gap in the Lower Rio Grande 

Valley region of New Mexico. As of 2017 (and conditions have worsened since then), the 

estimated shortage for the Lower Rio Grande Planning Region in 2060 during a drought year is 

expected to range from 217,000 to 243,000 acre-feet. This represents a significant shortage 

(New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission, 2017). The current project seeks to narrow that 

gap by the range of 20,000- 40,000 acre-feet annually. 

Several key issues were identified in the lower Rio Grande Regional Water Plan (New Mexico 

Interstate Stream Commission, 2017), including: 

• The Rio Grande stream system is fully appropriated. In general, any new water uses that 

impact the flow of the Rio Grande must be offset through return flow, the transfer of 

existing water rights, and/or supplementation by a new source of water. 

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G R A N T I Brackish Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

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• Groundwater pumping and depletions in New Mexico and Texas Impact the flows of the 

Rio Grande and affect the operations of the Rio Grande Project. This issue continues to be 

a source of concern between New Mexico, Texas, Reclamation, and the two U.S. -irrigation 

districts supplied by the Rio Grande Project (EBID in New Mexico and EPCWID#1 in Texas). 

• In 2013, the State of Texas initiated an Original Action in the United States Supreme Court 

over the Rio Grande Compact, specifically water management and water use by New 

Mexico below Elephant Butte Dam, that names New Mexico and Colorado as defendants. 

The United States has joined in this lawsuit. With respect to the Original Action, an 

agreement has been reached between the Compacting states and is under consideration 

by the United States Supreme Court. 

• The demand for water In the Lower Rio Grande region has increased through time due to 

increasing population and increasing cultivation of high-water-demand crops such as 

alfalfa and pecans. 

• The population of the Lower Rio Grande planning region is expected to expand from 

approximately 209,000 in 2010 to almost 350,000 in 2060. The increasing demand for 

municipal water is likely to result in water rights transfers from agriculture through willing 

seller-willing buyer agreements. 

3. Promoting collaborative partnerships to address water-related issues. 

The development of a solar-powered brackish groundwater desalination project in the Rio 

Grande Valley in southern New Mexico can promote partnerships between local water utilities 

and the State of New Mexico to address water-related issues in the following ways: 

• Shared Goals: The project can bring local water utilities and the State of New Mexico 

together to work towards a shared goal of addressing water scarcity issues in the region. 

This can foster a sense of cooperation and a commitment to finding a sustainable solution 

to the problem. 

• Resource Sharing: The desalination plant can provide an alternative source of water for 

municipal use, and this can encourage sharing of resources between different 

stakeholders. The project can help reduce the need for separate water supply 

infrastructure, which can be expensive and inefficient. 

• Improved Water Management: The project can also encourage improved water 

management practices in the region by promoting the use of water conservation 

techniques and sustainable water use practices. This can help reduce the demand on 

existing sources of water and promote a more equitable distribution of water resources. 

• Economic Benefits: The project can also provide economic benefits to the region by 

creating new jobs and promoting economic development. This can further strengthen the 

relationship between local water utilities and the State. of New Mexico, leading to more 

effective collaboration in the future. 

• Environmental Sustainability: The use of solar power in the desalination process can 

prom9te environmental sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and 

promoting the use of renewable energy sources. This can help align the goals of local water 

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G R A N T I Brackish Gloundwater Desalfllalion to Increase 

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Lower Rio Grande Valley Region orNew Mexico 

utilities and the State of New Mexico in terms of reducing the environmental impact of 

water management practices. 

Overall, this project can promote collaborative partnerships between local water utilities and 

the State of New Mexico, leading to more effective and sustainable water management 

practices in the region. 

A stakeholder outreach process for siting a solar-powered brackish groundwater desalination 

project in southern New Mexico would involve engaging with a wide range of stakeholders, 

including local communities, government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and other 

relevant parties. The following steps could be taken to develop an effective stakeholder 

outreach process: 

• Identify key stakeholders: Start by identifying key stakeholders who will be affected by the 

project, such as local residents, businesses, elected officials, environmental groups, and 

water management organizations. 

• Develop a communication plan: Create a communication plan that outlines the project's 

goals, benefits, and potential impacts. The plan should include a t imeline of outreach 

activities, messaging, and outreach methods. 

• Conduct outreach activities: Conduct a series of outreach activities to engage stakeholders 

and gather feedback. This can include public meetings, one-on-one meetings, 

informational materials, surveys, and online engagement through social media and 

websites. 

• Listen to feedback: listen carefully to stakeholder feedback and address any concerns or 

questions. It is important to show that the project team is responsive to community input. 

• Adjust the project: Consider modifying the project design or implementation approach 

based on stakeholder feedback. This may involve finding alternative locat,ions, adjusting 

project timelines, or modifying design elements. 

• Continue to engage stakeholders: Maintain ongoing engagement with stakeholders 

throughout the project's implementation to ensure that their concerns are addressed and 

that they remain informed about the project's progress. 

• Celebrate success: Finally, celebrate the successful implementation of the project and its 

positive impact on the community. This can help build community support for future 

projects and encourage further engagement from stakeholders. 

4. Including public outreach and opportunities for public to learn about project 

As presented above under Item 3, the proposed project includes numerous opportunities forthe public to learn about the project. 

WaterSMART: Water Recycling and D8$i!llnatlon Plannl~g 

Nouoe orFundlng Opportunll;' No. R23AS00076 Page20 �
	


6.0 Project Budget 

The budget associated with planning activities for a solar-powered brackish groundwater 

desalination plant in the Lower Rio Grande Valley region of southern New Mexico, including the 

funding plan, budget proposal, and budget narrative, is provided below. 

6.1 Funding Plan 

The non-Federal share of project costs will be funded by the grant applicant, OSE/ISC. These 

project costs to be provided by OSE/ISC include both monetary contributions towards the costshare requirement and costs associated with the time expended for overall management and 

administration of the project by the OSE/ISC Project Manager, as well as contributions from 

OSE/ISC staff (Water Resources Specialist and Project Coordinator). We are requesting 

$300,000 in matching Federal funds. Since no project funding to meet the cost sharing 

requirements is being provided by a source other than the OSE/ISC, no letters of funding 

commitment are required. 

G RA N T I Brackish G1oundwaterOesallnation to Increase 

A p p L I C A T I O N Water Supply Resiliency and Reliability In the 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

6.2 Budget Proposal 

The total project cost for 

evaluating the feasibility of a 

solar-powered brackish 

groundwater desalination plan

in the Lower Rio Grande Valley

region of southern New Mexic

is $600,000. As shown in Table

11 there are two sources of 

funding for the project: the 

OSE/ISC and Reclamation. 

Table 2 provides the total 

project cost, including 

information on the costs to be 

reimbursed with the requeste

Federal funding (from 

Reclamation) and the costs to 

be paid by the applicant (the 

OSE/ISC). Table 3 provides a 

Table 1. Summary of Non-Federal and Federal Funding Sources 

Funding Sources J Amount 

t 

1. New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission $300,000 

Non.Federal Subtotal $300,000 

Requested Reclamation Funding I $300,000 

Table 2. Summary otTotal Project Cost 

Source [ Amount 

Costs to be reimbursed with the requested Federal funding $300,000 

Costs to be paid by the applicant $300,000 

Value of third-party contributions 

Total Project Cost I $600,000 

o

d

more detailed budget for the project. 

6.3 Budget Narrative 

The following budget narrative provides a discussion of, or explanation for, items included in 

the budget proposal (Table 3). 

Salaries and Wages. OSE/ISC costs will accrue only from staff salaries. No travel costs or 

indirect costs will be incurred. Salaries are for the Project Manager, a Water Resources 

Specialist, and a Project Coordinator. Costs by project task and unit rates (provided in 

parentheses to the right of each labor category) are shown in Table 3. 

Wate1SMART: WaterRecycllng and Desalination Planning 

Notfce of funding Opportunity No. R23AS00076 Page 21 �
	


G R A N T I Brackish Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

A p p l I c A T I o N Water Supply Resmency and Reliability in the 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Me~lco 

Table 3. Budget Proposal 

$20,000 $30,000 $30,000 

$10,000 $15,000 $35,000 $110,000 

- $100 000 

- $140,000 

- $120,000 

Fringe Benefits. No separate fringe benefits are included. 

Travel. There are no travel requirements for the project. 

Equipment. There are no separate equipment costs. 

Materials and Supplies. There are no separate costs for materials and supplies. All required 

materials and supplies are included under the "Contractors" line item in Table 3. 

Contractual. The OSE/ISC will use the services of a water resource consultant to accomplish 

much of the project scope. Costs by project task and unit rates (provided in parentheses to the 

right of the contractor's labor categories) are shown in Table 3. These costs were developed by 

a local consultant that has an existing working relationship with OSE/ISC. 

Third-Party In-Kind Contributions. There are no third-party in-kind contributions. 

Environmental and Regulatory Compliance Costs. There are no costs associated with 

environmental or regulatory compliance given that the project involves a feasibility study. 

Other Expenses. There are no other expenses anticipated for the execution of this project. 

Indirect Costs. There are no indirect costs that will be incurred on the project. 

Total Costs. As shown in Tables 2 and 3, the total project cost is $600,000. The Federal portion 

being requested is $300,000, with OSE/ISC contributing the remaining $300,000. 

7 .0 Environmental and Cultural Resources Compliance 

Because the proposed project is a feasibility study, it does not involve any ground-disturbing 

activities that require environmental and/or cultural resources compliance. 

WaterSMART: Water Recycling and Oesallnatlon Planning 

Notice or Funding Opportunily No. R23AS00076 Page22 �
	


G R A N T I Brackish Groundwater Desallnallon to Increase 

App L I c A T I o N WaterSupplyReslliencyc111dReJiabllltyinthe 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

8.0 Required Permits or Approvals 

Because the proposed project is a feasibility study, no permits or approvals are required. Part of 

the work that we are proposing is to evaluate the necessary permits and approvals to 

ultimately develop the project. As part of the Phase II and Phase Ill feasibility analyses, we will 

evaluate and identify all necessary permits and approvals needed to potentially execute the 

project. Our deliverables for Phase II and Phase Ill will include a complete list of necessary 

permits and approvals, as well as identification of the primary steps that will be needed to 

acquire the permits, including any stakeholder outreach that may be necessary. 

9.0 Letters of Support 

Four letters of support from interested stakeholders that support the proposed project are 

provided on the following pages. 

10.0 Overlap or Duplication of Effort Statement 

This project has been carefully designed to augment, rather than duplicate or overlap with any 

other active or anticipated proposals or projects in terms of activities, costs, or commitment of 

key personnel. Phase I will augment and add to existing work done by the State of New Mexico 

and others to refine the understanding of brackish groundwater as a potential water-supply 

source for southern New Mexico. As stated previously, Phases II and Ill of this project have the 

potential to significantly advance an ongoing Reclamation-funded feasibility study that is 

evaluating production of brackish groundwater from the Salt Basin and pipeline routes to the 

Lower Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico. The results of the project that is the subject of this 

grant application may contribute to the aforementioned ongoing study by identifying a feasible 

treatment option. However, as part of any brackish groundwater development that may occur 

in New Mexico, it will be important to determine the viability of a solar-powered brackish 

desalination plant, which this proposed project seeks to do. 

11.0 Uniform Audit Reporting Statement 

OSE/ISC did not expend $750,000 or more in Federal award funds in fiscar year (FY) 2022. 

Accordingly, a Single Audit report for FY 2022 was not submitted through the Federal Audit 

Clearinghouse's Internet Data Entry System. 

12LO Conflict of Interest Disc'losure Statement 

OSE/ISC is not aware that any actual or potential conflict of interest exists at the time of this 

grant application submission. 

WaterSMART: Water Recycling and Desalination Planning 

Notice ot FundlngOpportunlly No, R23AS00076 Page23 �
	


GRANT 

APPLICATION 

Brackish Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

Water Supply Resiliency aod Reliabllity in the 

lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

LOWER RIO GRANDE 

Public Water Works Authority 

325 Holguin R0.1d V1do, New Mexico 88072 (575) 233-5742 

http.//LRGa uthority .org 

February 21, 2023 

RE: letter of Support for NMISC BracJclsh Groundwater Desalination Feasibility Study 

To Whom it May Concern: 

The Lower Rio Grande Public Water Works Authority (LRGPWWA) stands in support of the New 

Mexico Interstate Stream Commission (NMISC) plan for improving the reslllency and reliability 

of the water supply for growing but disadvantaged areas in Dona Ana County, New Mexico by 

studying the feasibility of desalination of brackish groundwater from aquifers in New Mexico 

under the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) No. 

R23AS00076. 

The NMISC has provided us the following information about their project: 

This areil ofSOuthem New Mexico Is near the border of Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico and is subject to 

water shortage and stress due to growing population and border economic activity, arldlflcation, 

diminishing local supplies, and con mets between water users In the region. 

Since this Is a brackish groundwater development project, it Is consistent with Executive Order 14008: 

Tackling the Oimate Crisis at Home and Abroad, because the project focuses on increasing resillence to 

climate change and supporting di mate-resilient development-groundwater is an inherently stable 

source of supply and responds slowly to changes in climate. This project is also consistent with the New 

Mexico Water Policy and Infrastructure Task Force report Facing New Mexico's 211t Century Water 

Challenges, which identified the core area of "Coping with the reality of climate change impacts". In 

addition, the Task Force report includes a key recommendation call to NEqulp state agencies, especially 

the Office of the State Engineer (NMOSE), the NMISC, and the New Mexico Environment Department 

(NMED), to effectively address New Mexico's 21st Century emerging water security challenges ilnd help 

New Mexicans aaoss the state Improve their water reslllence and adaption to reduced water supplles.H 

Funding of this project wlfl help the State of New Mexico to reach this goal. The Task Force report goes on 

to state, under Recommendation 2.3, that the State should "lnaease water resilience by leveraging 

federal funds - particularly currently available federal funds - to ensure New Mexico's water infrastructure 

is modernized for 21st century needs. u, which further supports funding this project. 

The characterizat ion work for the aquifers that will be characterized under this study adheres to one of 

the key recommendations of Facing New Mexico's 21" Century Water Challenges, namely to #Advance 

our scientlflc understanding of groundwater through measuring, monitoring, and models to protect the 

quantity and quality of groundwater resources.s The foundational aquifer characterization work already 

completed to set the stage for thls proposed feaslbllity study are supported by Task Force report 

Recommendations 2.8 and 3.1: w Advance scientific understanding and monitoring to support protection 

WaterSMART: Water Recycling and Desallnatlon Planning 

Notice or Funding 0pport1mlty No. R23AS00076 Page24 �
	


G R A N 1 I Brackish Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

A p p L I c A T I o ti Water Svpply Resiliency and Reliability In the 

Lower Rto Grande Valley Region or New Mexico 

of the quantity and quality of groundwater resources." and "Advance scientific understanding and 

monitoring to support protection of the quantity and quality of groundwater resources." 

This project will also serve disadvantaged and underserved communities In rural Southern New Mexico 

(locally known as ncolonias", and Includes areas such as Sunland Park, New Mexico) by providing water to 

local mutual domestic water providers who may have no other access to additional supply. This project 

will bring additional supply Into the economically important Santa Teresa border area, which serves as an 

important border crossing point between the United States and Mexico. Future growth Is expected In the 

region and thus additional water supply will be needed. It Is also consistent With the Fort Bllss Restflency 

Study for water, wastewater, and stormwater Infrastructure being undertaken by El Paso Water and the 

United States Department of Defense. 

The LRGPWWA is a regional water & wastewater utility created by the New Mexico legislature 

In 2009 under New Mexico statute NMSA 1978 73-26-1 which provided for the merger of its 

initial five Mutual Domestic Water Consumers Associations (MDWCAs). With subsequent 

mergers and the acquisition of a small private system, the LRGPWWA now consists of twelve 

potable water systems and two wastewater collection systems in five separate Service Areas 

providing service to approximately 5,3S0 water connections In fourteen Colonlas communities 

as designated by Dona Ana County under the HUD or USDA Rural Development Colonias 

definition. 

The founders of the LRGPWWA recogntzed the need for "Improving the resiliency and reliability 

of the water supply for (our) growing but disadvantaged areas" even prior to the initial merger 

of our first five MDWCAs as they began building interconnect pipelines to provide each other 

backup water supplies. Banding together and being joined by addition al MDWCAs has allowed 

us to achieve tremendous benefits from the Increased economies of scale and take strides in 

making those improvements. We clearly recognize the need for being prepared to utili'ze 

brackish water resources, but without the support and assistance of the State of New Mexico 

the high cost of developing this resource will keep it out of reach for our communities, 

Therefore, we urge the Bureau of Reclamation to provide funds for this proposed study. 

Best regards, 

WaterSMART: Water Recycllng and Desallnatlon Plannlrtg 

Notice of Funding Opportvnity No. R23AS00076 Page25 �
	


G R A N T I Brackish Groundwater Oesal.lnatlon to lni:rease 

A p p l I C A T I o N Water Supply Reslllency and Reliability In the Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

CAMINO REAL REGION AL Camino Real Regional Utility Authority 

PO Box 429 /4950 McNutt Rd 

Support for NMISC Brackish Groundwater Desalination Feasibility Study; 

Notice ofFundin.g Opportunity (NOFO) No. R23AS00<>76 

To Whom itMay Concern: 

On behalf of the Camino Real Regional Utility Authority (CRRUA), I want to express Olli;' 

support for the New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission's (ISC) feasibility study of 

desal:ination of brackish groundwater from aquifers in New Mexico under the Bureau of 

Reclamation (Reclamation) Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) No. R23AS00076. 

This study seeks to improve the resiliency and reliability of the water supply for growing 

but disadvantaged areas in Dona Ana County, New Mexico. CRRUA provides water and 

wastewater service to the Sunland Park and Santa Teresa border region and recognizes 

that this and adjoining study areas greatly need additional water supply. These 

underserved areas suffer from water supply shortages, compounded by growing 

demand, due to population growth and economic development 

At present, CRRUA is working with the Border Industrial Authority and New Mexico 

State University on a desalination test project west of the CRRUAservice area. The ISC's 

project would greatly advance the on.going efforts and provide much needed additional 

benefits. The proposed project is consistent with Executive Order 14008: Tackling the 

Climate Crisi.s at Home and Abroad, because the project focuses on increasing 

resilience to climate change and supporting climate-resilient development, given that 

groundwater is an inherently stable source of supply and responds slowly to changes in 

chmate. This project is also conslstentwith the New Mexico Water Policy and 

Infrastructure Task Force report Facing New Mexico's 21st Century Water Challenges, 

which identified the core area of"Copin.g with the reality of climate change impacts". 

This project will bring additional supply into the economically important Santa Teresa 

border area, which serves as an important border crossing point between the United 

States and Mexico. Future growth is expected in the region and thus additional water 

supply will be needed., It is also consistent with the Fort Bliss Resiliency Study for 

water, wastewater, and stonnwater infrastructure being undertaken by El Paso Water 

and the Unit ed States Department of Defense. The project will also serve disadvantaged 

and underserved communities in the area by providing water to local mutual domestic 

water providers who may have no other access to additional supply. 

WaterSMART: Water Recycling and Desallnatlon Planning 

Notice nf Funding Opportunlfy No. R23AS00076 Page26 �
	


G RA N T 

A PPLIC ATION 

Brackish Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

Water Supply Resiliency and Reliability in tlle 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

We appreciate your attention to the ISC funding application and request your support. 

Respectfully 

8rer>I 

Sreftt 

Westmor

h!e1tmtJrehhlt' 

eland 1Feb22. 202316:46 MST) 

Brent Westmoreland 

Executive Di rector 

Support for NMISC-Notice of Funding Letter 

2023.()2.22 

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"Support for NM ISC-Notice of Funding Letter" History 

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WalerSMART: Water Recycling and Desalination Planning 

NoUoe of Funding Opportunll)' No. R23AS00076 Page 27 �
	


GRANT 

A P PllC A TION 

Brackish Groundwater Desannatlon to Increase 

Water Supply Resiliency and Reliability In the 

lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

New Mexico www.nmdcsal.com 

Desalination 7500Jeffcrson NE 

Association Albuquerque, NM 87109 

VIA EMAIL 

Mr. John Longworth, PE 

Director 

New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission 

PO Box25102 

Santa Fe, NM 87504-5102 

RE: USBR Notice of Funding Opportunity 

R23"5()0076 

Dear Mr. Longworth: 

We support the New Me><ico Interstate Stream Commission (NMISC) plan for improving the resiliency and 

reliability of the water supply for growing but disadvantaged areas In Oona Ana County, New Mexico by 

studying the feasibility of desalination of brackish groundwater from aquifers In New Mexico under the 

Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) Notice of Funding Opportunity {NOFO) No. R23AS00076. This area of 

Southern New Mexico is near the border of Te><as, New Mexico, and Mexico and is subject to water 

shortage and stress due to .growing population, border economic activity, aridiflcation, diminishing local 

supplies, and conflict between regional water users. 

As a brackish groundwater development project, it is consistent with Executive Order 14008: Tackling the 

Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad, because the project focuses on increasing resilience to climate change 

and supporting climate-resilient development Groundwater is an inherently stable source of-supply and 

responds slowly to changes in climate. This project is also consistent with the New Mexico Water Policy and 

Infrastructure Task Force report Facing New Mexico's 21" Century Water Challenges, which identified the 

core area of "Coping with the reality of climate change impactsu. In addition, the Task Force report includes 

a key recommendation call to •Equfp state agencies, especially the Office of the State Engineer (NMOSE), 

the NMISC, and the New Me><ico Environment Department (NMEO), to effectively address New Mexico's 

21st Century emerging water security challenges and help New Mexicans across the state improve their 

water resilience and adaption to reduced water supplies." Funding of this project will help the State of New 

Mexico to reach this goal. The Task Force report goes on to state, under Recommendation 2.3, that New 

Mexico should "Increase water resilience by leveraging federal funds - particularly currently available 

federal funds - to ensure New Mexico's water infrastructure is modernized for 21st century needs.'', which 

further supports funding this project. 

The characterization work for the aquifers that will be characterized under this study adheres to one of the 

key recommendations of Facing New Mexica;s 21st Century Water Challenges, namely to "Advance our 

scientific understanding of groundwater through measuring, monit oring, and models to protect the 

quantify and quality of groundwater resources." The foundatlonal aquifer characteriiatlon work already 

completed to set the stage for this proposed feasibility study are supported by Task Force report 

Recommendations 2.8. and 3.1: "Advance scientific understanding and monitoring to support protection of 

the quantity and quality of groundwater resources.• and "Advance scientific understanding and monitoring 

to support protection of the quantity and quality of groundwater resources." 

' ... • 1 

'----- - !, 

WaterSMART: Water Recycling and Oesallnatlon Planning 

Notice of fundlntOppoitunity No. R23AS00076 Page28 �
	


a 

lohn Longworth, PE 

February 27, 2023 

Page 2 

This project will also serve disadvantaged and underserved communities in rural Southern New Mexico 

(locally known as "colonias•, and includes areas such as Sunland Park, New Mexico) by providing water to 

local mutual domestic water providers who may have no other access to additional supply. This project will 

bring additional supply Into· the economically important Santa Teresa border area, which serves as an 

Important border crossing point between the United States and Mexico. Future growth is expected in the 

region and thus additional water supply will be needed. It ls also consistent with the Fort Bliss Resiliency 

Study for water, wastewater, and stormwater infrastructure being undertaken by El Paso Water and the 

United .States Department of Defense. 

Respectfully yours, 

New Mexico Desalination Association 

~,{.~ 

By: Charles S. Leder, PE 

President 

cc: John D'Antonio, PE 

GR A NT 

AP PLIC A TION 

Bracklsli Groundwater Desalination to lncreast:c 

Water Supply Resillency and Reliability In the 

Lowe, Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

WaterSMART: Water Recyctlngand Desallnatlon Planning 

NoUce of Funding Opportunity No. R23,6.SOOO76 Page29 �
	


G R ANT 

APPLICATIO N 

Brackish Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

Water Supply Res!Uency and Reliability In the 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

'Efepluznt <.Butte Irrigation <District 

Office of Treasurer-Manager 

530 S Melendres 

Las Cruces, NM 88005 

575-526-6671 

www.ebld-nm.org 

February 27, 2023 

Bureau of Reclamation 

c/o Jennifer A Faler or other appropriate designee 

555 Broadway Blvd, NE, Ste 100 

Albuquerque, NM 87102 

Letter of Support for NMISC Brackish Groundwater Desallnallon Feasibility Study 

To Whom it May Concern: 

The Elephant Butte Irrigation District supports the New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission 

(NMISC) in its general plans for improving the resiliency and reliability of the water supply for 

growing but disadvantaged areas in Dona Ana County, New Mexico by studying the feasibility of 

desalination of brackish groundwater from aquifers In New Mexico under the Bureau of Reclamation 

(Reclamation) Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) No. R23AS00076. This area of Southern New 

Mexico Is near the border of Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico and is subject to water shortage and 

stress due to growing population and border economic activity, acidification, diminishing local 

supplies, and conflict between regional water users. 

EBID has long advocated for a more stable source of supply for border Industrial and community 

growth as a mechanism for relieving the pressure on the dwindl!ng Rio Grande supply. Since this Is 

a brackish groundwater development project, it is consistent with Executive Order 14008: Tackling 

the Cfjmate CriSis at Home and Abroad, because the project focuses on Increasing resilience to 

climate change and supporting climate-resilient development - groundwater is an inherently more 

stable source of supply and responds slowty to changes in climate. Not only does EBID view this 

project as consistent with its own objectives, it understands this project to be consistent with multiple 

ongoing federal objectives across multiple agencies. 

Further consistent with EBID's long telTTl vision, this project will also serve disadvantaged and 

underserved communities in rural Southern New Mexico (locally known as "colonias•, and includes 

areas such as Sunland Park, New Mexico) by providing water to local mub.Jal domestic water 

providers who may have no other access to additional supply. This project will bring additional 

supply into the economically important Santa Teresa border area, which serves as an important 

border crossing point between the United States and Mexico. Future growth Is expected In the 

region and thus additional water supply will be needed. 

More comprehensive and multi-dimensional planning such as this project combined with others 

currently proposed by EBID will ensure the Mure viability of the Lower Rio Grande and all of its 

components (agriculture, municipal, industrial, etc). EBID encourages BOR to support this project 

through fundlng or otherwise. Please do not hesitate to contact me with any questions regarding our 

support. 

~ EBID Treasurer - Manager 

WaterSMART; Water Recyclfng and Desalination Planning 

Notice or Funding Oppo~unlty No. R23AS00076 Page30 �
	


G R A N T I Brackish Groundwater Oesa!lnat!on to Increase 

~p p l I c AT IO N WaterSupplyRe.sfllencyimd.Re11abllltyfnthe 

lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Me~lco 

6420 Canterbury NE 

Albuquerque NM 87117 

February 27, 2023 

To: Jennifer Faler (or other appropriate Designee) 

United States Bureau of Reclamation 

Thru: John Longworth, New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission/Office of the State Engineer 

Re: New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission proposal for Brackish Water Desalination planning 

To Whom it May Concern: 

In addition to the letter of support the Elephant Butte Irrigation District provided for this proposed 

project, EBID has asked me to provide a separate letter of support to address matters I am personally 

aware of related to the importance of this project. As EBID's primary Engineering Contractor, I am 

intimately familiar with all of EBID's ongoing projects, and others I've worked on through other 

professional associations. As a general matter, the New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission's plans 

for improving the resiliency and reliability of the water supply for growing but disadvantaged areas in 

Dona Ana County, New Mexico by studying the feasibility of desalination of brackish groundwater from 

aquifers in New Mexico under the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) Notice of Funding Opportunity 

{NOFO) No. R23AS00076 is a project that should be supported by all government at all levels. In this 

letter, I point to areas of State governance and planning goals this particular project is consistent with, in 

addition to those reasons EBID points to as support. 

This project is consistent with the New Mexico Water Policy and Infrastructure Task Force report Facing 

New Mexico's 21st Century Water Challenges, which identified the core area of "Coping with the reality 

of climate change impacts". As a designee of the State Engineer, I sat on this Task Force and assisted 

with development of its objei;tives. I am familiar with all the reasons that Task Force made its 

recommendations and am confident this project is the type they had in mind when making those 

recommendations. The Task Force report includes a key recommendation call to "Equip state agencies, 

especially the Office of the State Engineer (NMOSE), the NMISC, and the New Mexico Environment 

Department (NMED), to effectively address New Mexico's 21st Century emerging water security 

challenges and help New Mexicans across the state improve their water resilience and adaption to 

reduced water supplies." Funding of this project will help the State of New Mexico to reach this goal. 

The Task Force report goes on to state, under Recommendation 2.3, that the State should "Increase 

water resilience by leveraging federal funds - particularly currently available federal funds - to ensure 

New Mexico's water Infrastructure is modernized for 21st century needs.", which ft.irther supports 

fundfng this project. 

A_ Engineering . ociates Inc. 575 • 571 • 8166 

jpking@kingengr.com 

WaterSMART: Water Reeycllng and Desalination Planning 

N0U~ of F\Jn0lngOppommUy No, R23AS00076 

Page31 �
	


G R A N T I Brackish Groundwater Oesallnatlon to lnOltlilse 

A p p l I c A T I o N Water Supply lleslllency and Rellabilil)'. in the 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

lhe characterization work for the aquifers that will be characterized under this study adheres to one of 

the key recommendations of Facing New Mexico's 21st Century Water Challenges, namely to "Advance 

our scientific understanding of groundwater through measuring, monitoring, and models to protect the 

quantity and quality of groundwater resources." The foundational aquifer characterization work already 

completed to set the stage for this proposed feasibility study are supported by Task Force report 

Recommendations 2.8 and 3.1: "Advance scientific understanding and monitoring to support protection 

of the quantity and quality of groundwater resources." and "Advance scientific understanding and 

monitoring to support protection of the quantity and quality of groundwater resources.'' 

In my role as a Professor, and now retired Professor at New Mexico State University, I have conducted 

multiple research projects investigating the potential for a brackish groundwater desalination plant in 

the border region of the Mesilla Aquifer system near Santa Teresa with funding from Reclamation. My 

colleagues and I have focused primarily focused on treatment and disposal alternatives for brackish 

groundwater in the area, which have been well developed In our work. 

In parallel, Dr. John Hawley et. al. have completed New Mexico Water Resources Research lnstitute's 

Technical Completion Report 363, titled Hydrologic Framework of the Mesilla Basin Region of New 

Mexico, Texas, and Chihuahua {Mexico)-Advances in Conceptual and Digital Model Development. This 

report, whose publication is imminent, provides a thorough compilation of existing hydrogeological 

investigations in the border area of the Mesilla/Conejos-Medanos basin, and develops a more detailed 

mapping and interpretation of the groundwater resources in the area. 

Planning and hydrogeological exploration aimed specifically at brackish groundwater treatment and use 

are the next logical steps in the development of the use of this valuable resource in the border region, 

and this proposal will continue our past efforts toward that goal. 

For all the foregoing reasons, including those put forward by £BID, we support this project and ask the 

BOR to do the. same. 

j:~r't) 

J. Phillip King, PE, Ph.D. 

Page2 

King Engineering 

575 • 571 • 8196, Jpklng@kingengr.com 

WaterSMART: Water Recycling and Oesallnatlon l'l<1nnlng 

Notlce of f'ljndlng Opportunity No, R23AS00076 

P.age32 �
	

G R A N T I Brackish Groundwater Desalination to Increase 

A p p L I c A T I o N Water Supply Reslflency and Rellabllity In the 

Lower Rio Grande Valley Region of New Mexico 

13.0 References Cited in Technical Proposal 

S.S. Papadopulos & Associates, 2022. Draft Technical Memorandum for Groundwater 

Development Feasibility of the Salt Basin. Prepared for the New Mexico Interstate Stream 

Commission. 

Graham, J., 2015. Brackish and Saline Groundwater in New Mexico. New Mexico Earth Matters, 

Summer 2015. Brackish and Saline Groundwater in New Mexico (nmt.edu) 

New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, ongoing. New Mexico: Regional 

Brackish Water Assessments. - AMP - Brackish water assessments in New Mexico (nmt.edu). 

United States Government, 2022. Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool. Explore the 

map - Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (geoplatform.gov) 

New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission, 2017. Lower Rio Grande Regional Water Plan. 

https://www.ose.state.nm.us/P1anning/documents/Reg11 LowerRioGrande RegionalWater 

Plan2017 .pdf 

El Paso Water - Public Service Board, 2022. Request for Submittals, Fort Bliss Resiliency Study 

for Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater Infrastructure. RFS 114-22. October 4, 2022. 

US Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), 2013. The Bureau of Reclamation's Sustainable 

Energy Strategy, Fiscal Year 2013-2017. June 2013. Bureau of Reclamation Sustainable 

Energy Strategy {usbr.gov) 

NMISC and Reclamation, 2019. Memorandum of Understanding between the New Mexico 

Interstate Stream Commission and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation -Albuquerque Area 

Office. Partnership for the New Mexico Salt Basin Assessment & Development Study. 

Executed July 2019. 

AWWA, 2019. Manual of Water Supply Practices - M69. Inland Desalination and Concentrate 

Management. 

State of New Mexico, 2020. A Strategic Plan for Investment in New Mexico Renewable Energy. 

November 2020. 2020 11 24 -Approved-Renewable-Energy-Plan.pdf (state.nm.us) 

US Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), 2021. 2021 SECURE Water Act Report. 

https ://www.usbr.gov/ climate/ secure/ docs/202 lsecu re/2021SECUREReport. pdf 

Executive Order On Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities 

Through the Federal Governtneht -The White House 

Executive Order on Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad - The White House 

WaterSMART: Water Recycllng and Desallnallon Planning 

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