# Patent

## Title
Marine propulsion device steering assembly

## Abstract

This application is a continuation-in-part of our earlier filed application, Ser. No. 602,557, that was allowed July 29, 1976 and is now U.S. Pat. No. 3,993,014.

## Background
This invention pertains to a push tug-barge thrust transmittal means and more particularly to a simplified articulated thrust transmittal means which permits moving tow in moderately high seas. Still more particularly, this invention relates to such a thrust transmittal means which does not include a mechanical coupling, and which therefore facilitates expedient disengagement of tug and barge, when necessary.

Push tug-barge combinations are generally unable to tolerate high seas. To rectify this problem, various means have been proposed, some of which permit some relative movement between tug and barge. A type of such thrust transmittal means is generally referred to as articulated couplings. Such couplings are seen, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,550,354--Foulkes, 2,715,380--Archer, 3,035,536--Archer, 3,109,406--Stockdale, 3,461,829--Mosvold, 3,568,621--Kawasaki, 3,654,225--Lunde, 3,802,375--Janssen, 3,804,052--Lucht, 3,830,136--Janssen, 3,605,675--Clemence, Jr., 3,756,183--Clemence, Jr., and 3,735,722--Hooper, the last three being of common assignment herewith.

All of the designs heretofore known have, however, included certain inherent shortcomings. Among those designs shown in the above cited prior art patents, several include mechanical coupling retainer means as part of the thrust transmittal system, such as the thrust transmitting members including securing means to prevent coupling disengagement. Such means interfere with the rapid disengagement of the tug and barge, should such disengagement become necessary under emergency conditions. Perhaps for this reason, the Coast Guard has indicated that a tug-barge combination with such coupling means must be considered an integrated unit, with attendant inspection, certification and crew requirements beyond that necessary for tug and barge ordinarily.

In addition, at least one thrust transmitting means has been proposed, which appears to permit articulation but which actually does not. Upon close inspection of U.S. Pat. No. 2,684,653--Dyer, it is noted that flat abutting surfaces 38, 39 are provided with an elongated thrust member extending into an elongated receptacle (see particularly FIG. 2 of that patent) which prevents such articulation as may necessary to permit the engaged tug and barge to remain in engagement in heavy seas.

Further, a commercially operating push tug-barge arrangement is known in which thrust transmittal is accomplished through members projecting forwardly from the tug and rearwardly from the barge, the mating ends of the projecting members including a cylindric convex surface member at the end of the rearwardly projecting barge piece and a cylindric concave surface at the forward end of the bow piece. This arrangement permits articulation between barge and tug in a vertical plane about the point of engagement of the thrust transmitting device. A notch with rearwardly extending sidewalls on the barge and fenders between the tug and barge prevent relative roll in this system.

Having in mind all of these problems, it is the general object of the present invention to provide a push tub-barge thrust transmittal means which facilitates both engagement and disengagement of the tug and barge, which is relatively simple, though effective, and which permits some interchangeable use of tug and barge with other barges and tugs not including the thrust transmittal means of this invention.

A further object of this invention is to provide an articulated thrust transmittal means for a push tug and barge which permits the tug and barge to remain in engagement in relatively high seas but which also permits rapid disengagement under emergency conditions.

A more specific object of this invention is to provide such a thrust transmittal means which may be adapted to permit engagement of tug and barge at different relative drafts of tug and barge and in which fixed lateral positioning of tug and barge is assured.

These objects, and others which will be apparent in the course of the subsequent description, are met, briefly, by a push tug and barge thrust transmittal means comprising a cylindrical member projecting rearwardly from the stern of the barge, that member including a convex hemispheric surface at its rearward end, and a thrust exerting member on the bow of the tug on the center line thereof, the thrust exerting member having a concave surface adapted to mate with the convex rearward surface of the stern member. Preferably, the convex and concave surfaces are hemispheric, so that the mating surfaces are self-centering. These concave-convex mating surfaces of the thrust transmittal means of this invention permit relative pitching, or articulation, between and tug and barge. This permits tug and barge to remain in engagement despite relatively high seas. The mating surfaces may be lubricated to reduce frictional restraint of this motion. The degree to which such lubrication may be required is not known. However, lubrication grooves should be provided to run longitudinally on the thrust receiving member extending from the barge, the longitudinal grooves termination at the center point of the convex hemispheric thrust receiving surface. Further, an automatic lubrication system may be provided, with its single outlet at the central point, communicating with a passageway within the projecting member and a lubricant source with means for pressurizing same to drive lubricant to the central point of the front of the thrust receiving member and then into the lubricant grooves. This lubrication system can be used to lubricate the mating thrust exerting and thrust receiving surfaces even while the tug and barge are in engagement.

A deep notch with extended sidewalls at the rear of the barge is provided to receive the bow of the tug. Fenders or bumpers between these sidewalls and the sides of the tug limit relative rolling motion between tug and barge and assure correct lateral positioning of tug and barge. Since these contacting fenders or bumpers experience some relative vertical motion of tug and barge during relative pitching of tug and barge, the frictional restraint on this movement may be reduced by lubricating these surfaces or by providing rollers or other similar mechanical means on either the tug or barge to mate with the otherwise standard adjacent fenders. To provide greater contact area, the barge notch sidewalls may be provided with bulwarks, above the deck level of the barge, and deep keels, by plating extending upwardly and downwardly from along the notch sidewalls.

The cylindrical projecting member on the stern of the barge may also be retractable, by any conventional retraction means, so as to facilitate the use of the barge with tugs that are not equipped with the concave thrust exerting members as disclosed in this invention.

In any event, upon pushing engagement of the thrust transmittal means of this invention and the tug and barge including such thrust transmittal means, separate means may be provided to restrain by conventional means, such as cables, chains or hawsers suspended in tension between the tug and barge, the tug and barge from separating from one another. The primary thrust transmittal means described above, together with these restraining means, are all horizontally disposed from one another so that when tug and barge are in engagement all of their connections lie in a common horizontal line, which serves as a hinge line similar to the hinge concept of earlier articulated push tug-barge couplings, such as those shown in the previous patents of the assignee of this invention, referred to above. In accordance with present practice, the hawsers, chains or cables holding tug and barge together may be quickly released in order to facilitate rapid disengagement of tug and barge under emergency conditions. Preferably, such chains are hooked to posts provided on the stern of the barge on either side of the thrust transmittal means and coplanar therewith. On the tug, the chains are hooked to releasable links which permit the tensioned chains to be quickly removed from their hook points on the tug. This is particularly important to facilitate separation under emergency conditions. The preferred means comprises a hook in engagement with the chain. When separation is desired, the retainer is removed from the hook and the hook pivots away from its engaged position and the chain is released.

Finally, in order to accomodate the thrust transmittal means of the present invention to the differing relative drafts of the tug and barge depending upon the load of each, a plurality of thrust exerting members may be provided on the bow of the tug, these members of course being vertically spaced from one another to receive the thrust receiving member (projecting from the barge) at a convenient vertical position, depending on the drafts of tug and barge at the particular time of engagement.

This invention may be better understood by reference to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment thereof, taken in conjunction with the sub-joined claims and the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a push tug and barge, showing one embodiment of the thrust transmittal means of the present invention wherein the projecting member is located on the bow of the tug, with the mating concave hemispheric surface located on the stern of the barge; the tug and barge are shown in their engaged positions;

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional elevation view of the engaged tug and barge shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a sectional plan view of the embodiment of the thrust transmittal means as shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view, in the plane 4--4 of FIG. 3 of the chain releasing means shown in the assembly of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a push tug and barge showing another embodiment of the thrust transmittal means of the present invention wherein the projecting member is located on the stern of the barge, with the mating concave surface located on the bow of the tug; the tug and barge are shown in their engaged positions; and

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional elevation view of the engaged tug and barge shown in FIG. 5.

FIGS. 1 through 4 describe subject matter disclosed and claimed in our earlier filed parent application, Ser. No. 602,557. A detailed discussion of these Figures is essential to an easy understanding of the embodiment of the thrust transmittal means disclosed in this continuation in part application.

Referring more specifically to FIG. 1, there is seen push tug 10 and barge 12. Mounted on the tug 10 is a thrust transmitting cylindrical forwardly projecting beam member 14 with a hemispherically convex frontal surface 16. Frontal surface 16 is received in centrally mounted thrust transmittal receiving member 18 on the stern of barge 12. Chain means 20 are provided to prevent separation of tug 10 from barge 12 while they are in their engaged positions. Barge 12, at its rear, includes a deep notch 24 for receiving the bow 26 of the tug 10; sidewalls are extended upward with bulwarks 22a and downward with deep keel-like extenders 22b. The bow 26 of the 10 with fenders 28 fits in notch 24, with fenders 28 preventing actual contact of tug 10 and barge 12. Bulwarks 22a and extenders 22b provide greater contact area for fenders 28 and ensure contact despite relative pitching of tug and barge. Fenders 28a, which do not contact barge 12, are also provided forward on tug 10 for use of tug 10 in combination with other tug barges.

As better seen in FIG. 2, beam member 14 with hemispheric convex frontal surface 16 is received in thrust receiving member 18 in a hemispheric concave surface 30 to facilitate articulation therebetween, particularly in a vertical plane, as seen by the phantom position lines of barge 10 shown in FIG. 2. In the enlarged sectional view of the thrust transmittal means of this invention used in tug 10 and barge 12, taken in the plane 3--3 of FIG. 2, and which is shown in FIG. 3, forwardly projecting beam 14 is seen at its rear end to include a threaded member 32 in internally threaded retainer 34. In this preferred form of the present invention, beam 14 may be retracted by threaded member 32 in retainer 34 in order to permit the use of tug 10 as a push tug with other non-mating barges.

Hemispherically concave surface 30 is flared outwardly toward the rear of barge 12 to facilitate proper receiving and positioning of beam member 14 in receiving member 18. It will be noted that the receiving members for the thrust transmittal means of this invention on barge 12 do not project rearwardly therefrom. Barge 12 is therefore adapted to be used with other non-mating tugs. For accomodating different relative drafts of tug and barge, additional thrust receiving members 18A and 18B are disposed at vertically spaced positions from member 18.

Referring again to FIG. 3, and to the sectional view of the chain locking means of FIG. 4, it should be noted that while the thrust transmittal means of the present invention permits ready positioning and engagement with no locking or coupling mechanism, means are generally provided to prevent separation of tug and barge. Preferably, such means include tensioned hawsers, chains or cables, such as chains 36 with shackles 38 engaging posts 40. provided for that purpose of the stern of barge 12. Chains 36 are pivotally connected to a fastening member 42 on tug 10, with a length adjustment means, such as turnbuckles 44. Further, chains 36 preferably associated with a quick disconnect means, such as hook 46. Hook 46 is pivoted at pivot connection 50 and the configuration of hook 46 is such that with chains 36 in tension, hooks 46 tend to slide out of and become disengaged from chains 36. To prevent any such accidental disengagement, a releasable retainer 54 is provided. Retainer 54 is simply pulled upwardly (as seen in FIG. 4) to release chains 36 and permit separation of tug and barge. Chains 36 slide forward in sleeves 56 and out of tug and the untensioned chains 36 are then left to hang free on posts 40.

While other quick disconnect means may be used for the tensioned chains preventing separation of tug and barge, such connecting and disconnecting means for chains are similar to those used conventionally.

Referring now to FIGS. 5 and 6, there is shown an embodiment similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 through 4 except that projecting thrust member 60 is mounted on the deck of the stern of barge 12 and on the bow-stern center line. Rearwardly projecting member 60 includes a hemispheric, convex surface at its rearward terminal point. Thrust receiving member 60 is securely anchored by mounting blocks 62, 64 that are firmly attached to the barge deck. Member 60 includes threaded member 32 that extends from the rear end of beam 14 (similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 through 4). Mounting block 62 includes a cylindrical aperture 68 drilled therethrough to allow for the forward withdrawal of beam member 14 by threaded member 32 in retainer 34 in order to permit the use of barge 12 with other non-mating tug boats.

Hemispheric, concave thrust exerting surface 66 is located on the outer forwardmost portions of the bow of tug 10. Thrust exerting surface 66 is centered on the tug's stern-to-bow center line and is adapted to mate with thrust receiving member 60 projecting from the barge's stern. If desired, a plurality of concave thrust exerting surfaces 66A, 66B may be vertically spaced from one another along this same center line. In such manner, different relative drafts of tug and barge may be easily accomodated.

Means similar to that exhibited in FIGS. 3 and 4 are provided to prevent separation of tug and barge.

Also, deep notch 24 receives the bow 26 of tug 10 in the exact manner illustrated in the description of FIGS. 1 through 4. Bulwarks 22a, extenders 22b and bow fenders 28 provide a cusioned contact area between tug and barge and ensure vessel contact despite relative pitching of tug and barge.

Accordingly, it will be apparent that the thrust transmittal means of the present invention, whether the projecting member is mounted on the bow of the tug or on the stern of the barge, not only provides a simple articulated engagement between tug and barge, but it does so in a manner requiring no lock up or coupling in the thrust transmittal means other than chains, cables or hawsers.

The present invention has been demonstrated to be both effective and efficient. As compared to conventional tug-barge systems, hydrodynamic drag is considerably reduced, course stability is improved, and a quick releasable push tug-barge thrust transmittal system, capable of tolerating moderately high seas, is thus obtained. In general, increased speeds are obtainable, and the overall net effect is an improvement in fuel efficiency over conventional tug-barge systems.

While this invention has been described with reference to a specific and preferred embodiment thereof, it should be understood that it is not limited thereto and numerous equivalent variations and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope thereof.

It is apparent that the embodiment disclosed in FIGS. 1 through 4 is similar to that embodiment disclosed in FIGS. 5 and 6. However, in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, the convex mating surface is disposed on a member associated with the barge, rather than the push tug. A mating concave pushing surface is associated with the tug. The retractable beam is associated with the barge rather than the tug and the thrust transmittal member of the tug is a bow mounted, non-projecting member with a concave pushing surface.

A further feature of the preferred embodiment of this invention described and illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 above is a yoke and pin means located at the forward end of thrust member 60. With member 60 in its rearward, projecting position, the yoke and pin means is secured to a hull member, such as a mounting block, so that the full thrust force is not exerted through the threads of threaded member 32 but rather through the yoke and pin means.

Still another extension of this invention involves modification of the front of the barge of this invention to provide a bow with a concave push surface similar to that shown on the bow of the tug as seen in FIGS. 5 and 6, to permit mating of several such barges and therefore to permit multiple barge pushing. All such modifications and variations are intended to be covered by the appended claims.

Having thus described our invention, we seek to secure by Letters Patent the following:

## Claims

1. Push tug and barge with thrust transmittal means comprising: barge along its center line, said rearwardly projecting member including at its rear terminal point a convex hemispheric surface; said thrust exerting member having a hemispheric concave surface adapted to receive and mate with the convex surface of said thrust receiving member; exerting members providing the sole means of transmitting pushing thrust to said barge from said tug while permitting relative pitching therebetween; thereof, said barge stern and sidewalls and the bow of said tug being adapted so that said bow fits between said sidewalls upon engagement of said tug and barge, including fenders, rollers or other means through which contact is made between said sidewalls and said side of said tug to limit relative motion therebetween; and receiving members, to restrain said tug and barge from separating from one another.

2. Push tug and barge, as recited in claim 1, wherein said tug includes a plurality of hemispheric concave thrust exerting members, said thrust exerting members vertically spaced from one another along the bow-stern center line.