UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE DISTRICT OF OREGON 

TAMI GEBHARD, ) 

 ) 

 Plaintiff, ) Case No. 1:15-cv-00487-JE 

 ) 

 v. ) OPINION AND ORDER

 ) 

CAROLYN W. COLVIN, ) 

Acting Commissioner of Social Security, ) 

 ) 

 Defendant. ) 

____________________________________) 

Tim Wilborn 

WILBORN LAW OFFICE, P.C. 

P.O. Box 370578 

Las Vegas, NV 89137 

Attorney for Plaintiff 

Billy J. Williams 

United States Attorney 

Janice E. Herbert 

Assistant United States Attorney 

1000 S.W. Third Avenue, Suite 600 

Portland, OR 97204-2902 

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Gerald J. Hill 

Special Assistant United States Attorney 

Office of the General Counsel 

Social Security Administration 

701 Fifth Avenue, Suite 2900 M/S 221A 

Seattle, WA 98104-7075 

Attorneys for Defendant 

Jelderks, Magistrate Judge: 

Plaintiff Tami Gebhard (plaintiff) seeks judicial review of the final decision of the 

Commissioner of the Social Security Administration (the Commissioner) denying her application 

for Disability Insurance Benefits (DIB) under Title II of the Social Security Act. Because the 

Commissioner’s decision is supported by substantial evidence, the decision is AFFIRMED. 

Procedural Background 

Plaintiff protectively filed an application for SSI on August 10, 2011. Tr. 181-84. Her 

application was denied initially and on reconsideration, and she requested a hearing before an 

administrative law judge (ALJ). On June 4, 2013, a hearing was held before ALJ R. J. Payne. 

Tr. 33-70. On June 20, 2013, ALJ Payne issued a decision finding plaintiff not disabled. Tr. 10-

26. The Appeals Council denied plaintiff’s request for review, and the ALJ’s decision became 

the final order of the Commissioner. Tr. 1-5. This appeal followed. 

Background 

 Plaintiff was born in August, 1965 and was therefore a “younger individual” under the 

Regulations on her alleged onset date of May 4, 2011. She completed high school and 

phlebotomy training through Vocational Rehabilitation, and is able to communicate in English. 

She alleges disability due to depression, anxiety, personality disorder, abdominal pain and 

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nausea status post multiple abdominal surgeries, degenerative disc disease, bilateral carpal tunnel 

syndrome, tendinitis, left shoulder injury, ganglion cyst of the right wrist, and sleep apnea. 

Disability Analysis 

A claimant is disabled if he or she is unable to “engage in any substantial gainful activity 

by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which . . . has lasted or 

can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months[.]” 42 U.S.C. 

§ 423(d)(1)(A). “Social Security Regulations set out a five-step sequential process for 

determining whether an applicant is disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act.” 

Keyser v. Comm’r Soc. Sec. Admin., 648 F.3d 721, 724 (9th Cir. 2011); see also 20 C.F.R. 

§ 404.1520; Bowen v. Yuckert, 482 U.S. 137, 140 (1987). Each step is potentially dispositive. 

20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)(4); 416.920(a)(4). The five-step sequential process asks the following 

series of questions: 

1. Is the claimant performing “substantial gainful activity?” 20 C.F.R. 

§ 404.1520(a)(4)(i). This activity is work involving significant mental or 

physical duties done or intended to be done for pay or profit. 20 C.F.R. 

§ 404.1510. If the claimant is performing such work, she is not disabled 

within the meaning of the Act. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i). If the 

claimant is not performing substantial gainful activity, the analysis 

proceeds to step two. 

2. Is the claimant’s impairment “severe” under the Commissioner’s 

regulations? 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(ii). Unless expected to result in 

death, an impairment is “severe” if it significantly limits the claimant’s 

physical or mental ability to do basic work activities. 20 C.F.R. 

§ 404.1521(a). This impairment must have lasted or must be expected to 

last for a continuous period of at least 12 months. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1509. If 

the claimant does not have a severe impairment, the analysis ends. 20 

C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(ii). If the claimant has a severe impairment, the 

analysis proceeds to step three. 

3. Does the claimant’s severe impairment “meet or equal” one or more of the 

impairments listed in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1? If so, 

then the claimant is disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii). If the 

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impairment does not meet or equal one or more of the listed impairments, 

the analysis proceeds beyond step three. At that point, the ALJ must 

evaluate medical and other relevant evidence to assess and determine the 

claimant’s “residual functional capacity” (“RFC”). This is an assessment 

of work-related activities that the claimant may still perform on a regular 

and continuing basis, despite any limitations imposed by his or her 

impairments. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(e); 404.1545(b)-(c). After the ALJ 

determines the claimant’s RFC, the analysis proceeds to step four. 

4. Can the claimant perform his or her “past relevant work” with this RFC 

assessment? If so, then the claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. 

§ 404.1520(a)(4)(iv). If the claimant cannot perform his or her past 

relevant work, the analysis proceeds to step five. 

5. Considering the claimant’s RFC and age, education, and work experience, 

is the claimant able to make an adjustment to other work that exists in 

significant numbers in the national economy? If so, then the claimant is 

not disabled. 20 C.R.F. §§ 404.1520(a)(4)(v); 404.1560(c). If the claimant 

cannot perform such work, he or she is disabled. 

Id. See also Bustamante v. Massanari, 262 F.3d 949, 954 (9th Cir. 2001). 

The claimant bears the burden of proof at steps one through four. Id. at 953; see also

Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1100 (9th Cir. 1999); Yuckert, 482 U.S. at 140-41. The 

Commissioner bears the burden of proof at step five. Tackett, 180 F.3d at 1100. At step five, the 

Commissioner must show that the claimant can perform other work that exists in significant 

numbers in the national economy “taking into consideration the claimant’s residual functional 

capacity, age, education, and work experience.” Id.; see also 20 C.F.R. § 404.1566 (describing 

“work which exists in the national economy”). If the Commissioner fails to meet this burden, the 

claimant is disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(v). If, however, the Commissioner proves the 

claimant is able to perform other work existing in significant numbers in the national economy, 

the claimant is not disabled. Bustamante, 262 F.3d at 953-54; Tackett, 180 F.3d at 1099. 

///// 

///// 

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Medical Record and Plaintiff’s Statements 

I. Medical Evidence 

 At the Commissioner’s request, plaintiff underwent a comprehensive psycho-diagnostic 

consultative examination with Thomas Shields, Ph.D., on February 7, 2011, and April 19, 2011. 

Tr. 360. Dr. Shields diagnosed depressive disorder NOS, cannabis dependence, history of 

methamphetamine dependence, nicotine dependence, and personality disorder NOS. Tr. 365. 

Dr. Shields opined that plaintiff’s physical problems impacted her ability to sustain full-time 

work but also noted that he was “not qualified to comment on [her] physical health.” He noted 

that plaintiff’s depression was “modestly controlled” with medication, though not entirely 

remitted. He did not note any significant impairment in attention, concentration, or memory 

functioning, and found that plaintiff appeared “capable of understanding, remembering, and 

carrying out simple instructions.” Id. 

 State Agency psychologist Joshua Boyd, Psy.D., reviewed plaintiff’s medical file on 

April 22, 2011. Tr. 76-78. Dr. Boyd opined that plaintiff suffered mild restriction in activities of 

daily living, moderate difficulties in maintaining social functioning, moderate difficulties in 

maintaining concentration, persistence, and pace, and no repeated episodes of decompensation. 

Tr. 77. He found that plaintiff was limited to simple, routine tasks due to moderate limitations in 

her ability to understand and remember detailed instructions. Tr. 80. He also noted that plaintiff 

can be distracted by others, exhibits periodic pain behavior, and requires regular supervision to 

ensure workplace productivity. Tr. 81. Dr. Boyd also opined that plaintiff had moderate 

limitations in her ability to get along with coworkers and peers, and limited her to “no more than 

occasional public contact and no more than required interaction” with co-workers. Tr. 81. 

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 State Agency consultative physician Bill Hennings, Ph.D., also reviewed plaintiff’s 

medical record to assess her functional capacity. On October 31, 2011, he opined that plaintiff 

had mild restrictions in activities of daily living, moderate difficulties in maintaining social 

functioning, moderate difficulties in maintaining concentration, persistence, or pace, and no 

repeated episodes of decomposition. Tr. 93. Dr. Hennings found that plaintiff had only mild 

social limitations, and moderate limits in her ability to interact appropriately with the general 

public. Tr. 97. 

 On March 8, 2012, consultative physician Paul Rethinger, Ph.D., reviewed the record and 

concurred with Drs. Hennings and Boyd in his assessment of plaintiff’s functionality. Tr. 110. 

 On February 7, 2012, treating nurse practitioner Mason Harrison, FNP, completed a 

functional limitations questionnaire. Tr. 447-48. He found that plaintiff could frequently lift or 

carry only 0 to 5 pounds, had limited fine manipulation skills, and could walk, stand, and sit for 2 

hours or less in an 8-hour workday. Id. 

 At the hearing, the ALJ took testimony from two medical experts, Reuben Beezy, M.D., 

and Margaret Moore, Ph.D. Both Dr. Beezy and Dr. Moore reviewed plaintiff’s medical record 

prior to testifying. Dr. Moore testified that plaintiff’s mental impairments were not severe. Tr. 

37-45. Dr. Beezy also testified that plaintiff retained the functional capacity to perform work at 

the sedentary level, with some restrictions. Tr. 40. The ALJ did not call a vocational expert at 

the hearing. 

II. Plaintiff’s Testimony 

 At the hearing before the ALJ, plaintiff testified that she last worked as a phlebotomist. 

She testified that she missed work due to pain, and needed to take extra breaks. She claimed that 

she could not perform even sedentary work due to her sleep problems. Plaintiff participated in a 

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sleep study around 2000 or earlier, but has not done so since. She stated that her depression 

affects her ability to function, and she has been taking Cymbalta since before 2003. Plaintiff also 

testified that she must take a 3-hour nap every day due to pain and fatigue. 

ALJ’s Decision 

The ALJ performed the sequential analysis. At step one, he found plaintiff had not 

engaged in substantial gainful activity since her alleged onset date of May 4, 2011. Tr. 15. At 

step two, the ALJ concluded plaintiff suffered the following severe impairments: abdominal pain 

of unknown cause status post multiple abdominal surgeries; lower back pain with minimal 

findings on x-rays; mild neck and shoulder pain without accompanying objective findings; 

bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome vs. tendonitis by self-reported history; ganglion cyst on the right 

wrist; and basal cell carcinoma, resolved. Tr. 16. 

At step three, the ALJ determined plaintiff did not have an impairment or combination of 

impairments that met or medically equaled a listed impairment. Tr. 21. 

The ALJ next assessed plaintiff’s residual functional capacity (RFC) and found that she 

retains the capacity to perform sedentary work with the following limitations: she can sit for 6 

hours in an 8-hour day with the ability to change positions; she can occasionally climb stairs, but 

cannot climb ladders, ropes or scaffolds; and she can occasionally balance, stoop, kneel, crouch, 

and crawl. Tr. 21. 

At step four, the ALJ found plaintiff is unable to perform any of her past relevant work. 

Tr. 25. At step five, the ALJ found that plaintiff retained the RFC to perform jobs that exist in 

significant numbers in the national economy. Tr. 25-26. The ALJ therefore concluded plaintiff 

was not disabled. Tr. 26. 

///// 

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Standard of Review 

The district court must affirm the Commissioner’s decision if it is based on the proper 

legal standards and the findings are supported by substantial evidence. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); see 

also Hammock v. Bowen, 879 F.2d 498, 501 (9th Cir. 1989). “Substantial evidence” means 

“more than a mere scintilla but less than a preponderance.” Bray v. Comm’r, 554 F.3d 1219, 

1222 (9th Cir. 2009). It means “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as 

adequate to support a conclusion.” Id. 

Where the evidence is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation, the 

Commissioner’s conclusion must be upheld. Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 679 (9th 

Cir. 2005). Variable interpretations of the evidence are insignificant if the Commissioner’s 

interpretation is a rational reading of the record, and this Court may not substitute its judgment 

for that of the Commissioner. See Batson v. Comm’r, 359 F.3d 1190, 1193 (9th Cir. 2004). 

“However, a reviewing court must consider the entire record as a whole and may not affirm 

simply by isolating a specific quantum of supporting evidence.” Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 

630 (9th Cir. 2007). The reviewing court, however, may not affirm the Commissioner on a 

ground upon which the Commissioner did not rely. Id.; see also Bray, 554 F.3d at 1226. 

Discussion 

Plaintiff argues the Commissioner erred by (1) improperly rejecting her testimony; (2) 

improperly evaluating the medical opinion evidence; (3) failing to call a Vocational Expert at 

hearing; and (4) failing to identify plaintiff’s mental impairments as “severe” at step two. 

I. Plaintiff’s Testimony 

 Plaintiff first argues that the ALJ erred by rejecting her subjective symptom testimony. 

The Ninth Circuit established two requirements for a claimant to present credible symptom 

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testimony: the claimant must produce objective medical evidence of an impairment or 

impairments; and she must show the impairment or combination of impairments could 

reasonably be expected to produce some degree of symptom. Cotton v. Bowen, 799 F.2d 1403, 

1407 (9th Cir. 1986). The claimant, however, need not produce objective medical evidence of the 

actual symptoms or their severity. Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1284 (9th Cir. 1996).

If the claimant satisfies the above test and there is not any affirmative evidence of 

malingering, the ALJ can reject the claimant’s testimony only if the ALJ provides clear and 

convincing reasons for doing so. Parra v. Astrue, 481 F.3d 742, 750 (9th Cir. 2007). General 

assertions that the claimant’s testimony is not credible are insufficient. Id. The ALJ must identify 

“what testimony is not credible and what evidence undermines the claimant’s complaints.” Id. 

(quoting Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 834 (9th Cir. 1995)). 

 The ALJ rejected plaintiff’s subjective symptom testimony to the extent that it conflicted 

with the RFC. Tr. 22-24. First, the ALJ found that plaintiff stopped working for reasons other 

than her impairments. Evidence that a claimant stopped working for reasons other than her 

impairments is a sufficient basis to disregard her testimony. Bruton v. Massanari, 268 F.3d 824, 

828 (9th Cir. 2001). Here, the record reveals that plaintiff was let go from her last job as a 

phlebotomist for abusing a coworker and compromising patient safety by mismanaging blood. 

Tr. 23, 47, 363. Plaintiff’s disability report also indicates that she stopped working because she 

was fired, and not because of her symptoms and limitations. Tr. 243. The fact that plaintiff 

stopped working for reasons other than her impairments constitutes a clear and convincing 

reason and supports the ALJ’s rejection of her testimony. Bruton, 268 F.3d at 828. 

Second, the ALJ found that plaintiff’s allegations of disabling pain were unsupported by 

medical evidence of record. Tr. 23. Minimal objective findings can undermine a claimant’s 

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credibility when, as here, other reasons for rejecting her testimony are present. Burch, 400 F.3d 

at 680-81. The ALJ found minimal evidence in the record to support plaintiff’s alleged 

abdominal, musculoskeletal, hand, and wrist pain, despite plaintiff’s contention that her pain and 

other symptoms were so severe as to prevent her from sustaining full-time work. Tr. 23. On 

examination, plaintiff’s joints and other physical signs were normal, and x-rays were benign. 

Further, the record contains “no EMG/nerve conduction studies to support [plaintiff’s] 

complaints.” See Tr. 387, 401-02, 404, 407, 412-13, 420, 423, 426, 428,430-31, 437, 439-40, 

442, 459. The lack of objective medical evidence supporting plaintiff’s complaints provides 

additional support for the ALJ’s evaluation of her testimony. Burch, 400 F.3d at 680-81. 

 As a third reason for rejecting plaintiff’s testimony, the ALJ found that plaintiff’s 

activities of daily living were inconsistent with her allegations regarding the nature and extent of 

her limitations. Tr. 23. The ALJ may reject a claimant’s testimony when it is inconsistent with 

her level of daily activity. Rollins v. Massanari, 261 F.3d 853, 857 (9th Cir. 2001). Here, 

plaintiff testified that she actively searched and applied for both full- and part-time work during 

the relevant period, indicating that plaintiff believed she was capable of performing substantial 

gainful activity after her alleged onset date. Tr. 52. In early 2011, she reported to Dr. Shields 

that she was “motivated to work and ha[d] been searching for jobs,” having “submitted 25-30 

applications over the past three months.” Tr. 23, 361. The record also reveals that plaintiff was 

independent in performing self-care and household chores; was able to cut brush, vacuum, and 

mow the lawn; took a two-week vacation to New Mexico; could occasionally drive to the coast 

with her husband; and regularly played with her grandchildren. Tr. 23, 62, 64-65, 364. On this 

record, it was reasonable for the ALJ to infer that plaintiff was not as limited as alleged in her 

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testimony. Plaintiff’s daily activities thus constitute further clear and convincing reason for the 

ALJ’s rejection of plaintiff’s testimony. Rollins, 261 F.3d at 857. 

In sum, the ALJ’s credibility evaluation was supported by legally sufficient reasons 

supported by substantial evidence in the record, and is therefore affirmed. 

II. Medical Opinion Evidence of Dr. Beezy, Dr. Shields, and FNP Harrison 

Plaintiff next argues that the ALJ erred in his evaluation of the medical evidence. The 

ALJ is responsible for resolving conflicts in the medical record, including conflicts among 

physicians’ opinions. Carmickle v. Comm’r, 533 F.3d 1155, 1164 (9th Cir. 2008). The Ninth 

Circuit distinguishes between the opinions of three types of physicians: treating physicians, 

examining physicians, and non-examining physicians. The opinions of treating physicians are 

generally accorded greater weight than the opinions of non-treating physicians. Lester, 81 F.3d 

at 830. A treating doctor’s opinion that is not contradicted by the opinion of another physician 

can be rejected only for “clear and convincing” reasons. Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1396 

(9th Cir. 1991). If a treating or examining doctor’s opinion is contradicted by another doctor’s 

opinion, it may be rejected by specific and legitimate reasons. Bayliss v. Barnhart, 427 F.3d 

1211, 1216 (9th Cir. 2005). 

1. Dr. Beezy 

Plaintiff argues that the ALJ improperly rejected Dr. Beezy’s opinion regarding her upper 

extremity limitations, including her left shoulder limitations and her limitation to only occasional 

fingering. The ALJ gave Dr. Beezy’s opinion “some weight,” finding that his opinion that 

plaintiff could perform a wide range of sedentary work was supported by the overall medical 

record and was “well explained in his persuasive testimony.” Tr. 24. The ALJ, however, 

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rejected Dr. Beezy’s opinion that plaintiff could only occasionally engage in fingering or raising 

her left arm above should level. Id. 

As an initial matter, Dr. Beezy’s opinion was contradicted by the opinion of the State 

Agency physician Mary Ann Westfall, M.D., who found that plaintiff could perform a range of 

sedentary work and did not note any fingering or left arm restrictions. Tr. 112-13. The ALJ was 

therefore required to provide specific, legitimate reasons for rejecting Dr. Beezy’s controverted 

opinion as to these limitations. Bayliss, 427 F.3d at 1216. 

First, the ALJ found Dr. Beezy’s opinion conflicted with the weight of the medical 

evidence in the record. The ALJ may assign less weight to a medical opinion that is inconsistent 

with the overall medical record. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(4). Here, for example, the record 

contains no EMG/nerve conduction studies; no indications of positive Tinel’s or Phalen’s other 

than a mildly positive Tinel’s test in 2009; and plaintiff received no treatment – even 

conservative – for wrist problems. Tr. 24. There are no x-rays and no indications of range of 

motion problems in plaintiff’s shoulders or neck. Further, plaintiff testified that she did not have 

carpal tunnel syndrome but rather tendinitis, and there was no evidence supporting a carpal 

tunnel syndrome diagnosis within the relevant period. On this record, the ALJ provided a 

specific, legitimate reason for rejecting Dr. Beezy’s opinion regarding plaintiff’s fingering and 

range of motion limitations. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(4). 

2. FNP Harrison 

Plaintiff also argues that the ALJ erred by rejecting the opinion of Nurse Harrison. She 

appears to argue that the ALJ erroneously rejected some fingering and exertional restrictions in 

her left arm as assessed by Dr. Beezy, but does not specifically identify limitations endorsed by 

Nurse Harrison that are alleged to be omitted from the RFC. 

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The ALJ gave only “some weight” to Nurse Harrison’s opinion. Tr. 24. As a nurse 

practitioner, Mr. Harrison was an “other” medical source under the Regulations, and the ALJ 

was required to provide germane reasons for rejecting his opinion. Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 

1104, 1111 (9th Cir. 2012); 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513(d)(1). 

Here, the ALJ noted that Nurse Harrison’s opinion was not supported by an 

accompanying physical examination, and that the limitations he assessed were not supported by 

the relatively benign medical findings. Tr. 24. He explained that Nurse Harrison’s fine 

manipulation limitations were not supported by either physical examination or testing. The court 

finds these reasons germane to the evaluation of Mr. Harrison’s opinion. The ALJ therefore 

provided legally sufficient reasons for rejecting part of Mr. Harrison’s opinion. Molina, 674 

F.3d at 1111. 

3. Dr. Boyd 

 Plaintiff next argues that the ALJ improperly rejected Dr. Boyd’s opinion regarding the 

severity of her mental limitations. The ALJ found that plaintiff’s mental impairments were not 

as limiting as consultative physician Dr. Boyd found them to be, and credited instead the opinion 

of Dr. Moore, who reviewed the medical record and testified that plaintiff’s mental impairments 

were not severe. The ALJ was therefore required to provide specific, legitimate reasons for 

rejecting Dr. Boyd’s controverted medical opinion. Bayliss, 427 F.3d at 1216. 

Here, the ALJ noted that Dr. Boyd, a consultative psychologist, rendered his opinion on 

May 3, 2011, without the benefit of the entire longitudinal record. The ALJ may disregard a 

medical opinion formulated outside of the relevant time period. Turner v. Comm’r, 613 F.3d 

1217, 1224 (9th Cir. 2010). As noted above, the relevant period under review commenced on 

May 4, 2011. On this record, the ALJ was entitled to favor the opinion of Dr. Moore, rendered 

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on June 4, 2013, over the opinion of Dr. Boyd, which was rendered before commencement of the 

relevant period under review. The ALJ provided legally sufficient reason to support his 

evaluation of evidence regarding plaintiff’s mental impairments. 

4. Dr. Shields 

Plaintiff also argues that the ALJ improperly rejected the opinion of examining 

psychologist Dr. Shields regarding the severity of her mental impairments. Here, Dr. Shields’s 

opinion was contradicted by the opinion of Dr. Moore, who found that plaintiff had no severe 

mental impairments. The ALJ was therefore required to provide specific, legitimate reasons for 

rejecting Dr. Shields’ controverted opinion. Bayliss, 427 F.3d at 1216. 

 The ALJ provided two such reasons. First, he noted that Dr. Shields’s opinion was based 

in part upon plaintiff’s subjective symptom testimony, which the ALJ properly found to be not 

credible. Second, the ALJ found that Dr. Shields’s opinion was inconsistent with his relatively 

normal mental status examination. Tr. 20, 363-65. A contradiction between a doctor’s 

assessment and that doctor’s clinical notes, observations, and opinions “is a clear and convincing 

reason for not relying on the doctor’s opinion. Bayliss, 427 F.3d at 1216. On this record, the 

ALJ provided legally sufficient reasons for giving only partial weight to Dr. Shields’s opinion. 

In sum, the ALJ’s evaluation of the medical evidence was supported by legally sufficient 

reasons and based on substantial evidence in the record. 

III. Failure to call a Vocational Expert 

As noted above, the ALJ assessed plaintiff’s RFC and found that she could sit for 6 hours 

in an 8-hour workday with the ability to change positions. Tr. 21. Plaintiff appears to argue that 

“the ability to change positions” requires the ability to alternate between sitting and standing. 

However, it is reasonable to interpret this caveat as requiring the ability to change sitting 

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positions, without requiring plaintiff to stand. It was thus reasonable for the ALJ to conclude 

that this limitation would have little or no effect on the occupational base of unskilled work, 

consistent with Agency policy. See SSR 83-12, available at 1983 WL 31253, at *2. The ALJ 

therefore was able to form a non-disability determination based on substantial evidence in the 

record without the need for a vocational expert’s testimony. 

Thus, while plaintiff’s presents a reasonable alternative interpretation of the evidence in 

light of SSR 96-9p, the ALJ’s inference that jobs involving the ability to sit for 6 hours will 

afford an individual the opportunity to change positions while sitting was reasonable. The court 

will not disturb the ALJ’s rational conclusion. Burch, 400 F.3d at 679. 

IV. Step Two Findings 

 Finally, plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred at step two by omitting her mental 

impairments from the list of “severe” impairments. At step two, the ALJ determines whether the 

claimant has a medically severe impairment or combination of impairments; step two findings 

must be based upon medical evidence. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a). An impairment is “not severe” 

if it “does not significantly limit [the claimant’s] ability to do basic work activities.” Id. 

“Omissions at step two are harmless if the ALJ’s subsequent evaluation considered the effect of 

the impairment omitted at step two.” Harrison v. Astrue, 2011 WL 2619504, *7 (D. Or. July 1, 

2011) (citing Lewis v. Astrue, 498 F.3d 909, 911 (9th Cir. 2007)). 

 Plaintiff argues that the ALJ was bound by res judicata to find that her mental 

impairments were “severe” at step two because the Commissioner previously found that plaintiff 

suffered from severe mental impairments in a written decision regarding a previous application 

for benefits. Plaintiff also argues that the ALJ improperly rejected Dr. Boyd’s finding that 

plaintiff’s mental impairments are severe. Tr. 77, 80-81. As discussed above, however, the ALJ 

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provided legally sufficient reason to support his evaluation of evidence regarding plaintiff’s 

mental impairments. 

 The ALJ resolved step two in plaintiff’s favor. Tr. 16. Thus any omission at step two 

was harmless unless the ALJ failed to consider the effect of the omitted limitation in assessing 

plaintiff's RFC. Here, the ALJ weighed the medical evidence and found that plaintiff’s mental 

impairments were not severe, crediting the testimony of medical expert Dr. Moore. The ALJ 

explained his reliance on Dr. Moore’s opinion, noting that Dr. Moore had the opportunity to 

consider the entire longitudinal record, whereas Dr. Boyd, also a consultative physician, rendered 

his opinion without the benefit of the entire record. The ALJ’s evaluation of the medical 

evidence regarding plaintiff’s mental impairments was reasonable. 

 Plaintiff also argues that the ALJ erred in crediting Dr. Moore’s opinion over that of 

examining physician Dr. Shields, who assessed moderate to severe mental impairments. As 

discussed above, however, the ALJ provided legally sufficient reasons for his decision to give 

only some weight to Dr. Shields’ controverted opinion. On this record, the ALJ’s evaluation of 

the evidence of plaintiff’s mental impairments was supported by substantial evidence. 

Conclusion 

The Commissioner’s decision is supported by substantial evidence in the record and 

should therefore be AFFIRMED. 

IT IS SO ORDERED. 

DATED this 13th day of December, 2016. 

______/s/ John Jelderks___________ 

John Jelderks 

United States Magistrate Judge 

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