# Patent

## Title
Air conditioner

## Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for cooling plastic profiles, comprising: a trough for receiving a cooling medium through which the profile can be guided; at least one inflow opening for delivering cooling water into said trough; at least one outflow opening for leading cooling water out of said trough; several guiding means arranged in said trough as separating walls which subdivide the trough into several sections in the longitudinal direction of the profile with first openings for calibrating the profile, and with further openings for producing a turbulent flow of the cooling water circulating between said inflow opening and said outflow opening.

## Background
1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to an apparatus for cooling plastic profiles, with a trough for receiving a cooling medium through which the profile can be guided and with several guiding means for calibrating the profile as well as with at least one inflow opening and with at least one outflow opening for the cooling water.

Plastic profiles are required as frame elements for windows or doors, for example. During their production, a plastic mass such as PVC is extruded at first through an opening corresponding to the profile. Immediately after the extrusion the profile has a doughy consistency. After the extruder, an apparatus for dry calibration is usually provided, in which a first cooling and form stabilization is made. A further cooling process follows thereafter by means of a cooling medium, which is generally water, so as to carry off the heat from the inner regions of the profile. The invention relates in particular to such an apparatus for wet calibration.

2. Prior Art

There are known apparatuses of generally two types. A particularly efficient cooling is possible by the so-called spray bath. In this method the profile is guided through a trough which is equipped with a plurality of spray nozzles which are directed against the profile. Such an apparatus is very efficient, as the water jets hit the profile at high speed, thus ensuring favourable heat transmission. Moreover, in such an apparatus it is possible, by providing a favorable arrangement of the nozzles at sections of the profile which are difficult to cool such as re-entering angles or material accumulations, to cool at an increased level.

The disadvantage in such a spray bath apparatus is the high consumption of water and the sensitivity of the nozzles. To achieve the optimal effect of such a spray bath, it is necessary to use nozzles of extremely small diameter. A feeding thereof with fresh water is generally not possible owing to the high water consumption. In the event that the water is recycled, however, extraordinary measures are required for water preparation. Despite these measures, blockages of the nozzles may occur, which may lead to deficient cooling of the profiles and the production of rejects.

The other known wet cooling system is the so-called full bath. In known apparatuses of this kind, the profile is guided through an upwardly open trough which is filled with a cooling medium such as water. In this system the supply of water is only required to the extent as is needed to regulate the temperature of the bath. Apparatuses according to said full bath principle are simple, easy to handle and consume little water. As, however, they are considerably less efficient than spray bath apparatuses they are presently used only for smaller profiles or applications of lesser importance.

It is the object of the present invention to improve an apparatus of the kind mentioned above which operates according to the full bath principle in such a way that the efficiency is increased and the use thereof also becomes viable and economical for larger profiles and high-performance installations. In this respect, the substantial advantages of the full bath, namely its simplicity and economy, shall be maintained to a substantial extent.

This is achieved in accordance with the invention in that the guiding means are arranged as separating walls which subdivide the trough into several sections in the longitudinal direction of the profile and that said separating walls are provided with openings for producing a turbulent flow of the cooling water.

The guiding means subdivide the trough into a plurality of sections which are arranged successively in the axial direction of the profile. The substantial element in the invention, however, is that openings are provided which allow a flow of the cooling medium from one section to the next. As a result of the forced circulation of the cooling medium, turbulences are produced in the region of said openings which continue to the adjacent sections. In this way it is possible to achieve a heat transmission between profile and cooling medium which is comparable to that of spray bath systems.

It is particularly favorable if the openings of two mutually adjacent separating walls are arranged in a mutually offset manner. In this way a global flow of the cooling medium transversal or inclined to the axis of the profile is produced which further improves the heat transmission.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a part of the openings is arranged in the region of surface sections of the profile which are to be cooled especially. As a result of this measure, profile sections that are difficult to cool such as re-entering angles, concave sections or accumulations of mass are cooled especially by being subjected to regions of the highest turbulence. In this way, it is possible to ensure a particularly even cooling of the profile, which is important for preventing tensions and for increasing accuracy to size.

It may further be provided that an inflow opening is arranged in the region of an opening of the trough through which the profile exits and that an outflow opening is arranged in the region of an opening of the trough through which the profile enters the trough. In this way the profile and the cooling medium are guided in a counter-current, thus optimizing the heat transmission. It is, however, also possible within the scope of the invention to arrange successively two or several mutually complete, separated cooling sections which are each provided with a separate inflow opening and outflow opening. Such cooling sections are separated from one another by separating walls without openings.

A particularly preferable embodiment of the apparatus in accordance with the invention is provided with a trough in which a pressure below atmospheric can be produced. As atmospheric pressure prevails in the hollow chambers of a closed profile this measure ensures that the profiles sit close to the guiding means in a particularly favorable manner. The pressure below atmospheric in the trough is generally at 0.1 bar to 0.3 bar below normal pressure. It is particularly favorable if the pressure below atmospheric is produced by a self-sucking water pump. In addition it is also possible, however, that vacuum pumps are provided for sucking off air.

The invention relates further to a method for cooling plastic profiles, in which the profile is introduced into a trough filled with a cooling medium and is guided out therefrom at the other end of the trough, with the profile being calibrated by guiding means arranged in the trough.

This method is characterized in accordance with the invention that a turbulent flow of the cooling medium is produced in the trough.

Preferably, the water circulation is set in this method in connection with the geometry of the apparatus in such a way that the flow within the openings of the separating walls is provided with Reynolds' numbers Re which are between 5000 and 40000, preferably between 8000 and 25000. The Reynolds' number Re is defined by the equation speed in m/s and v the kinematic viscosity of the cooling medium in m.sup.2 /s. As is generally common in hydrodynamics, a value is used as hydraulic diameter which is calculated according to the following formula: circumference of the opening. For circular openings, the hydraulic diameter corresponds to the geometric diameter.

The mean speed v is the result of the volume flow moving through the opening divided by the cross section of the opening. The kinematic viscosity v is calculated from: In case of Reynolds' numbers that are too small, no sufficient turbulance will arise . In case of Reynolds' numbers that are too high, the flow resistance will rise strongly, so that the economic efficiency is impaired by the high energy consumption.

The invention is now outlined below by reference to an embodiment shown in the figures.

FIG. 1 is a side view of an apparatus in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a section along line III--III of FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale.

The apparatus of FIG. 1 consists of a dry calibrating device 1 and a wet calibrating device 2. The wet calibrating device 2 consists of a trough which consists of a base plate 3 and side walls 4 as well as an end plate 5. Trough 2 is upwardly covered by a cover plate 6. The profile 7 exiting from the dry calibrating device 1 enters the trough directly and leaves it again through end plate 5 at the other end. Several guiding means 8 are provided within the trough which are used for calibrating profile 7.

FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of the apparatus in accordance with the invention in a cross-sectional view. Guiding means 8 enclose the profile 7 and fill the cross section of the trough nearly completely which is limited by base plate 3, side walls 4 and cover plate 6. In the example shown in FIG. 3, only openings 9 and 10 remain free, which enable the exchange of liquid between the sections 11a and 11b of the trough which are separated by the separating wall 8a. Opening 9 is arranged as a slot in the zone of one side wall 4 of the trough. The opening 10 is provided circular in the region of a concave profile section so as to increase the cooling here.

Within the scope of the invention, it is possible to provide different openings 9 and 10 in the same separating wall 8a, as is shown in FIG. 3. It is, however, also possible to provide a part of the separating walls with longitudinal openings 9 and to provide another part of the separating walls with openings 10 in the region of profile 7. In any case it is favorable to arrange the openings 9, 10 of two adjacent separating walls 8a, 8b in a mutually offset manner, as is indicated in the broken line in FIG. 3 and as is also shown in FIG. 2. Arrows 11 in FIG. 2 indicate the main path of flow of the cooling medium. In the zone of end plate 5 there is provided an inflow opening 12 for the cooling water. The outflow opening 13 in the region of entrance of profile 7 is connected to a self-sucking water pump 14. It conveys the water into a storage container, which is not shown, or into a drain. As no sensitive nozzles are provided in the apparatus in accordance with the invention, a partial flow of the water that has been sucked off can be returned. Fresh water is supplied to the extent as is required for regulating the temperature of the water bath.

In order to prevent an excessive drop of the water level in the apparatus, several suctions 15 are provided which are connected to a vacuum pump 16. The pressure in the interior of the system can be checked with a gauge 17. A ball valve 18 allows for regulating the pressure below atmospheric by hand. A throttle valve 19 is provided at the inflow opening 12, with which the pressure below atmospheric and the volume flow of the cooling medium can be influenced.

The calculation of the Reynolds' number is explained by reference to the following numerical example: A separating wall 8 is provided with a single reactangular opening 9 of 140 mm length and 20 mm width. The hydraulic diameter d thus is 0.35 m. The volume flow of the cooling medium is 2 L/sec. The mean flow speed thus is 0.714 m/sec. Water is used as a cooling medium whose kinematic viscosity .nu. is 10.sup.-6 m.sup.2 /sec.

From this follows:

Under these conditions a sufficient turbulence and a favorable cooling effect is achieved with little effort.

## Claims

1. An apparatus for cooling plastic profiles, comprising: guided; trough; trough; subdivide the trough into several sections in the longitudinal direction of the profile with first openings for calibrating the profile, and with further openings for producing a turbulent flow of the cooling medium circulating between said inflow opening and said outflow opening.

2. An apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the further openings of two adjacent separating walls are arranged in a mutually offset manner.

3. An apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that some of the further openings are arranged near surface sections of the profile to be cooled especially.

4. An apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that some of the further openings are arranged as recesses between the separating walls and the walls of the trough.

5. An apparatus of one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said inflow opening is arranged in the region of an opening of the trough through which the profile exits and that said outflow opening is arranged in the region of an opening of the trough through which the profile enters the trough.

6. Art apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that there is provided a device connected with said trough for producing a pressure below atmospheric in the trough.

7. An apparatus of claim 6, characterized in that the device for producing the pressure below atmospheric is arranged as a self-sucking water pump whose suction nozzle is in connection with the outflow opening for cooling water.

8. An apparatus of claim 7, characterized in that additional vacuum pumps are provided for sucking off air from the trough.

9. A method for cooling plastic profiles, comprising the steps of: device comprising a trough having a cooling medium disposed therein, said trough including several guiding means for providing a turbulent flow of said cooling medium circulating therein.

10. A method of claim 9, characterized in that the turbulent flow is produced by suctioning said cooling medium from said trough.

11. A method according to claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the flow within the openings of the separating walls is provided with Reynold's numbers which are between 5,000 and 40000, the Reynolds' number Re being defined by the equation with d being the hydraulic diameter of the opening in m, v being the mean flow speed in m/sec and .nu. being the kinematic viscosity of the cooling medium in m.sup.2 /sec.

12. A method according to claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the flow within the openings of the separating walls is provided with Reynolds' numbers which are between 8000 and 25000, the Reynolds' number Re being defined by the equation with d being the hydraulic diameter of the opening in m, v being the mean flow speed in m/sec and .nu. being the kinematic viscosity of the cooling medium in m.sup.2 /sec.