GCDAMP External Review of FY2021-23 

Triennial Plan Draft of May 19, 2020 

David P. Braun, Ph.D., and Robert S. Unnasch, Ph.D., Sound Science LLC, June 15, 2020 

Contents 

Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 2 

Background ..................................................................................................................................... 3 

Reviewer Selection and Instructions............................................................................................... 5 

Project A: Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport and Budgeting........................... 7 

Project B: Sandbar and Sediment Storage Monitoring and Research............................................. 7 

Project C: Riparian Vegetation Monitoring and Research ............................................................. 8 

Projects C.7 and C.8 (Reclamation): Experimental Vegetation Treatment .................................. 13 

Project D: Effects of Dam Operations and Vegetation Management on Archaeological Sites.... 14 

External Review 1:.................................................................................................................... 15 

External Review 2:.................................................................................................................... 19 

Project E: Controls on Ecosystem Productivity: Nutrients, Flow, and Temperature ................... 21 

Project F: Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology....................................................................................... 23 

Project G: Humpback Chub Population Dynamics ...................................................................... 25 

Project H: Salmonid Research and Monitoring Project................................................................ 27 

Project I: Warm-water Native and Non-Native Fish Monitoring and Research........................... 29 

Project J: Socioeconomic Research .............................................................................................. 32 

Project K: Geospatial Science, Data Management and Technology Project ................................ 36 

Project L: Overflight Remote Sensing in Support of Long-Term Monitoring and LTEMP ........ 37 

Project N: Economic Impacts of Electrical Production at Glen Canyon Dam ............................. 38 

Appendix I: Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program, Independent Review Panel 

Prospectus, Review of Draft FY 2021-23 Triennial Work Plan............................................. 42 

Appendix II: Curriculum Vitae of Colby, Bonnie G., Ph.D. ........................................................ 47 

Appendix III: Curriculum Vitae of Dixon, Mark D., Ph.D........................................................... 52 

Appendix IV: Curriculum Vitae of Olden, Julian, D., Ph.D......................................................... 81 

Appendix V: Curriculum Vitae of Rosi, Emma J., Ph.D.............................................................. 85 

Appendix VI: Curriculum Vitae of Sweeney, Mark R., Ph.D. ..................................................... 95 

Appendix VII: Curriculum Vitae of Wohl, Ellen E., Ph.D........................................................... 98 
Introduction 

The Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) Science Advisor has 

facilitated an external expert review of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center 

(GCMRC) projects proposed for the GCDAMP Triennial Budget and Work Plan (TWP) for FY 

2021-2023, draft of May 19, 2020. The review also addresses the proposal for Bureau of 

Reclamation (Reclamation) Projects C.7 and C.8, draft of April 2, 2020. 

The external review panel consists of six experts selected based on their well-established, 

demonstrated expertise and ability to provide independent, neutral-party reviews, with no 

existing or potential conflicts of interest: 

• Professor Ellen Wohl, Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, reviewed 

GCMRC Project A, Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport and Budgeting, 

and Project B, Sandbar and Sediment Storage Monitoring and Research. 

• Professor Mark Dixon, Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, reviewed 

GCMRC Project C, Riparian Vegetation Monitoring and Research, Project D, Effects of 

Dam Operations and Vegetation Management on Archaeological Sites, and Reclamation 

Projects C.7 and C.8, Experimental Vegetation Treatment. The review of C.7 and C.8 

addresses not only the short proposal in the draft Triennial Work Plan but also a separate 

document prepared by the National Park Service in April 2020, “Long Term 

Experimental and Management Plan Experimental Vegetation Project Plan for the 

Implementation of the Vegetation Environmental Commitments from the LTEMP ROD in 

Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and Grand Canyon National Park below Glen 

Canyon Dam.” This separate document presents a detailed plan for the experimental 

vegetation treatment program. 

• Professor Mark Sweeney, Department of Sustainability & Environment, University of 

South Dakota, also reviewed GCMRC Project D, Effects of Dam Operations and 

Vegetation Management on Archaeological Sites, from a geological perspective. 

• Dr. Emma Rosi, Aquatic Ecologist, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, reviewed 

GCMRC Project E, Controls on Ecosystem Productivity: Nutrients, Flow, and 

Temperature, and Project F, Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology. 

• Professor Julian Olden, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of 

Washington, reviewed Project G, Humpback Chub Population Dynamics, Project H, 

Humpback Salmonid Research and Monitoring Project, and Project I, Warm-water 

Native and Non-Native Fish Monitoring and Research. 

• Professor Bonnie Colby, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 

University of Arizona, reviewed Project J, Socioeconomic Research, and Project N, 

Economic Impacts of Electrical Production at Glen Canyon Dam. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 2/123 
Additionally, Dr. Robert Unnasch of Sound Science LLC reviewed Project K, Geospatial 

Science, Data Management and Technology Project, and Project L, Overflight Remote Sensing 

in Support of Long-Term Monitoring and LTEMP. The review does not address Project M, 

GCMRC Administration. 

The report section on each project, below, consists of a summary prepared by the Science 

Advisor followed by the full text of the external review itself, with four exceptions: The external 

reviews for Projects A, B, K, and L are brief and do not receive separate summaries. Each 

external review is presented verbatim. 

This document begins with background information on the purposes of the review and the 

processes through which the Science Advisor identified and instructed the external reviewers. 

The individual project reviews follow these two initial sections. Readers can use the Table of 

Contents to jump straight to the individual reviews. Appendices contain the full set of reviewer 

instructions and copies of the Curriculum Vitae of the reviewers. 

Background 

The 2016 Glen Canyon Dam Long-Term Experimental and Management Plan (LTEMP) and the 

December 2016, Secretary of the Interior Record of Decision (ROD) on the LTEMP 

Environmental Impact Statement establish goals for eleven priority resources for the GCDAMP. 

Further, the LTEMP and ROD identify numerous lines of evidence needed to (a) guide decisions 

on when twelve different types of experimental dam operations and non-flow management 

actions should take place, (b) guide decisions on where some non-flow management actions 

should be carried out, and (c) make sense of the data collected during experiments and 

management actions, particularly concerning their effects on the eleven priority resources. 

The LTEMP priority resources are as follows (in the order they appear in the ROD): 

1. Archaeological and Cultural Resources. Maintain the integrity of potentially affected 

NRHP (National Register of Historic Places)-eligible or listed historic properties in place, 

where possible, with preservation methods employed on a site-specific basis. 

2. Natural Processes. Restore, to the extent practicable, ecological patterns and processes 

(including aquatic nutrient cycles and food web dynamics) within their range of natural 

variability, including the natural abundance, diversity, and genetic and ecological 

integrity of the plant and animal species native to those ecosystems. 

3. Humpback Chub. Meet humpback chub recovery goals, including maintaining a selfsustaining population, spawning habitat, and aggregations in the Colorado River and its 

tributaries below the Glen Canyon Dam. 

4. Hydropower and Energy. Maintain or increase Glen Canyon Dam electric energy 

generation, load following capability, and ramp rate capability, and minimize emissions 

and costs to the greatest extent practicable, consistent with improvement and long-term 

sustainability of downstream resources. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 3/123 
 

5. Other Native Fish. Maintain self-sustaining native fish species populations and their 

habitats in their natural ranges on the Colorado River and its tributaries. 

6. Recreational Experience. Maintain and improve the quality of recreational experiences 

for the users of the Colorado River Ecosystem. Recreation includes, but is not limited to, 

flatwater and whitewater boating, river corridor camping, and angling in Glen Canyon. 

7. Sediment. Increase and retain fine sediment volume, area, and distribution in the Glen, 

Marble, and Grand Canyon reaches above the elevation of the average base flow for 

ecological, cultural, and recreational purposes. 

8. Tribal Resources. Maintain the diverse values and resources of traditionally associated 

Tribes along the Colorado River corridor through Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons. 

9. Rainbow Trout Fishery. Achieve a healthy high-quality recreational rainbow trout fishery 

in Glen Canyon and reduce or eliminate downstream trout migration consistent with NPS 

fish management and Endangered Species Act compliance. 

10. Nonnative Invasive Species. Minimize or reduce the presence and expansion of aquatic 

nonnative invasive species. 

11. Riparian Vegetation. Maintain native vegetation and wildlife habitat, in various stages of 

maturity, such that they are diverse, healthy, productive, self-sustaining, and ecologically 

appropriate. 

The LTEMP calls for the adaptive management of these resources through eleven types of 

experimental and management actions (in alphabetical order)1: 

• Fall high-flow experiments consisting of dam releases ≤ 45,000 cfs in October or

November with > 96‐hr duration 

• Fall high-flow experiments consisting of dam releases ≤ 45,000 cfs in October or

November with < 96‐hr duration 

• Humpback chub translocation 

• Larval humpback chub head-start program 

• Macroinvertebrate production flows 

• Mechanical removal of invasive fish species (since expanded to a wider array of methods 

for controlling invasive fish species) 

• Mechanical removal of rainbow trout from the Little Colorado River reach (the Colorado 

River immediately up- and downstream from the Little Colorado River inflow) 

1 The LTEMP also includes provisions for summer low-flow experiments but only during the second decade of 

implementation. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 4/123 
• Spring high-flow experiments consisting of dam releases ≤ 45,000 cfs in April, May, or 

June 

• Spring high-flow experiments consisting of dam releases ≤ 45,000 cfs in March or April

• Riparian vegetation restoration 

• Trout management flows consisting of dam releases designed to control trout spawning 

success 

Monitoring and research carried under the LTEMP and ROD address three broad sets of 

questions crucial to the adaptive management of the eleven priority resources: 

• Status and Trend: How should the condition of each resource be tracked; how does this 

condition vary over time and space; how closely do conditions approach management 

objectives; and are there trends toward or away from management objectives? 

• LTEMP Experimental and Management Actions: How do the LTEMP experimental and 

management actions affect resource status and trends; how strong (in magnitude and 

predictability) are these effects; how well understood are the reasons for these effects; 

and how do interactions among the experimental and management actions affect their 

outcomes? 

• Drivers and Constraints: What other factors, including environmental factors and 

antecedent conditions, human actions, and routine dam operations also affect resource 

status and trends and the outcomes of the experimental and management actions; and 

how strong are these effects? 

Reviewer Selection and Instructions 

The GCDAMP Triennial Budget and Work Plan for FY 2021–2023 is the second work plan 

implemented under the LTEMP, its ROD, and the January, 2017, “Scientific Monitoring Plan in 

Support of the Selected Alternative of the Glen Canyon Dam Long-Term Experimental and 

Management Plan,” prepared by the GCMRC. Reclamation, in consultation with the GCMRC, 

arranged for the Science Advisor to carry out an external review of the draft Triennial Work Plan 

for FY 2021–2023, specifically the second draft, distributed on May 19, 2020. 

The review focuses on the proposals for thirteen GCMRC projects, as follows: 

• Project A: Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport and Budgeting 

• Project B: Sandbar and Sediment Storage Monitoring and Research 

• Project C: Riparian Vegetation Monitoring and Research 

• Project D: Effects of Dam Operations and Vegetation Management on Archaeological 

Sites 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 5/123 
• Project E. Controls on Ecosystem Productivity: Nutrients, Flow, and Temperature 

• Project F: Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology 

• Project G: Humpback Chub Population Dynamics 

• Project H: Salmonid Research and Monitoring Project 

• Project I: Warm-water Native and Non-Native Fish Monitoring and Research 

• Project J: Socioeconomic Research 

• Project K: Geospatial Science, Data Management and Technology Project 

• Project L: Overflight Remote Sensing in Support of Long-Term Monitoring and LTEMP 

• Project N: Economic Impacts of Electrical Production at Glen Canyon Dam 

As noted above, the review does not address Project M, GCMRC Administration. On the other 

hand, Reclamation arranged for the review to include Reclamation Projects C.7 and C.8, 

Experimental Vegetation Treatment, which are closely linked to GCMRC Project C. 

The Science Advisor prepared a list of potential reviewers for each proposed Project based on 

professional knowledge, literature searches, a list prepared for the GCDAMP in June 2018, and 

suggestions from Reclamation and the GCMRC. One reviewer also recommended another 

individual for consideration. Reclamation and the GCMRC reviewed the list of all potential 

reviewers to identify any with existing or potential conflicts of interest. The Science Advisor 

then ranked the final, approved master list and recruited reviewers for all projects. The criteria 

for identifying and ranking the potential reviewers included well-established, demonstrated 

expertise in one or a combination of the topics addressed by the proposed projects, and an ability 

to provide an independent, neutral-party review with no existing or potential conflicts of interest. 

The Science Advisor provided each reviewer with instructions in the form of a “Prospectus,” a

copy of which is included as Appendix I to this document. In addition to reviewing the technical 

details of each proposal, each reviewer was asked to look at (a) the clarity and scientific quality 

of the proposal consistent with the goals established by the 2016 LTEMP Record of Decision 

and the need to assess resource status and trends, the effects of experimental and management 

actions, and potential other drivers and constraints; (b) integration with other projects proposed 

under the Triennial Work Plan; (c) the feasibility of accomplishing the stated three-year goals 

and elements of each project; and (d) contributions to the adaptive management of the resources 

and the experimental and management actions prioritized in the 2016 ROD and in subsequent 

evolving plans for controlling invasive species in the Colorado River ecosystem. Each reviewer 

also signed a form declaring that they have no conflicts of interest that might affect their review. 

This form follows standard declaration language used by the U.S. Geological Survey. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 6/123 
Project A: Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport and 

Budgeting 

Science Advisor Summary: (none needed) 

External Review (Dr. Ellen Wohl): 

This project builds on existing work to understand the sources, transport, and deposition of 

sediment within the Colorado River ecosystem (CRe). The investigation of basic sediment 

dynamics, and the application of the resulting knowledge, within the CRe represent an 

internationally recognized effort to quantify a large-scale river sediment budget. I have been 

following this work for nearly two decades and the quantitative rigor, attention to detail, and 

conceptual framework developed in the course of the research are very impressive. The work 

plan outlined for FY 2021-23 represents a logical extension of existing work. The work plan 

carefully lays out what has been learned from past investigations, articulates the key 

management questions that remain, and develops a framework for answering these remaining 

questions. I see no sources of weakness or grounds for criticism in this work plan. On the 

contrary, it is remarkably well conceived and thorough and is very likely to address the relevant 

questions. The team undertaking this work has a stellar record of accomplishment, as detailed in 

the peer-reviewed scientific journal articles summarizing their work and in the application of 

their understanding of sediment dynamics to the design of high-flow experiments. 

In summary, the science questions posed in this project are appropriate and relevant to assessing 

resource status and trends and the effects of experimental and management actions. The project 

is well integrated with other project proposed under the Triennial Work Plan. The stated 3-year 

goals and elements are highly feasible and the contributions of the project are central to the 

adaptive management of the resources and the experimental and management actions prioritized 

in the 2016 LTEMP Record of Decision. 

Project B: Sandbar and Sediment Storage Monitoring and Research 

Science Advisor Summary: (none needed) 

External Review (Dr. Ellen Wohl): 

As in the case of Project A, this project builds on decades of prior work to continue to enhance 

understanding of sediment dynamics and hydraulics at the smaller spatial scales that influence 

the size and persistence of individual sandbars in the CRe. The team undertaking this work 

pioneered some of the basic methods of investigation that have been used to monitor sandbars, 

including repeat photography and repeat surveys. Sandbars are the physical features that reflect 

interactions among sediment supply (Project A) and stream flow through time. Sandbars also 

create the habitat for diverse riparian and aquatic organisms and thus represent the physical 

manifestation of whether high-flow experiments have the desired effects on river-corridor 

morphology. Previous work indicates that the response of sandbars to fluctuations in water and 

sediment through time are remarkably difficult to predict, which means that continued 

monitoring of sandbar responses to high-flow experiments is necessary. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 7/123 
In summary, the science questions posed in this project are appropriate and relevant to assessing 

resource status and trends and the effects of experimental and management actions. The project 

is well integrated with other project proposed under the Triennial Work Plan. The stated 3-year 

goals and elements are highly feasible and the contributions of the project are central to the 

adaptive management of the resources and the experimental and management actions prioritized 

in the 2016 LTEMP Record of Decision. 

Project C: Riparian Vegetation Monitoring and Research 

Science Advisor Summary: 

Dr. Dixon finds the proposal overall very well thought out, with a strong conceptual 

foundation and excellent integration of its parts. He applauds the hierarchical Bayesian 

modeling framework to integrate monitoring data, mechanistic experiments, studies of 

other regional rivers, and broad-scale hydro-climatic and species distributional data. He 

expects that these will help attain the goal of predicting vegetation responses to flows and 

management under a wider range of conditions than have been sampled recently in the 

CRe. In addition, he expects that the multiple data sources and predictive models will 

help inform the non-flow vegetation plans and actions, the results of which can be 

integrated into the knowledge base as well. 

At the same time, he notes that the proposal makes little mention of historical, current, or 

future remote sensing methods or products that could help support the modeling and 

guide monitoring. He also notes that the proposal makes little mention of plant species 

age structure and demography (e.g., recruitment niches): considerations of recruitment 

niches and plant demography should be included in analyses of monitoring data, the 

meta-analysis of regional data, and construction of the hierarchical Bayesian models. He 

notes a lack of discussion of groundwater dynamics being an important influence on 

riparian vegetation, even though this has been documented in many studies in the 

Southwest. Finally, he notes that the proposal makes little mention of how the proposed 

vegetation work relates to the LTEMP experimental flows. His review then provides 

detailed comments on each section of the proposal, including each Project Element and 

the Budget. These detailed comments include several specific questions about (a) 

information that should be included or might be helpful to include in the proposal, and (b) 

underlying assumptions and methods. 

External Review (Dr. Mark Dixon): 

This work plan is very well thought out, with a strong conceptual foundation and excellent 

integration of its parts. I like the use of a hierarchical Bayesian modeling framework to integrate 

monitoring data, mechanistic experiments, studies of other regional rivers, and broad-scale 

hydro-climatic and species distributional data. Together, these will help attain the goal of 

predicting vegetation responses to flows and management under a wider range of conditions than 

have been sampled recently in the CRe. In addition, the multiple data sources and predictive 

models should be useful for informing the non-flow vegetation plans and actions, the results of 

which can be integrated into the knowledge base as well. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 8/123 
A few possible data sources received little mention in the proposed TWP. For instance, there was 

little mention of historical, current, or future remote sensing methods or products. In chapter L of 

the report, it indicates that a fine-resolution mapping mission has been proposed for May 2021. 

Will data generated from this be incorporated into the Bayesian models? How is data collection 

from the remote sensing project being linked with the semi-annual vegetation monitoring? Also, 

in terms of extending the range of conditions under which CRe riparian vegetation has been 

studied, could historical mapping, repeat photography or other historical data (e.g., flow and 

climate data) from before or soon after dam construction be used to see how vegetation responds 

to a wider range of flow conditions? I suspect, though, that these sorts of data were used 

extensively in past work plans, in construction of the State-and-Transition models, and in 

development of the original LTEMP program. For the current TWP, however, it may be worth 

considering how remote sensing products could be used to complement field monitoring (and 

vice versa) and inform construction of the models, particularly since a new mission is planned 

for May 2021. 

I also noticed that there was not much mention of plant species age structure and demography 

(e.g., recruitment niches). The LTEMP talks about maintaining native vegetation “in various 

stages of maturity” and that is “self-sustaining.” Plant physiological performance will be very 

important for influencing future vegetation change, but vegetation response must also be 

mediated by population and community processes, including propagule dispersal, establishment, 

growth, and successional dynamics. Considerations of recruitment niches and plant demography 

should be included in analysis of monitoring data, the meta-analysis of regional data, and in 

construction of the hierarchical Bayesian models. I can see why this might be deemphasized in 

terms of vegetation restoration (C4), as the methods are explicitly referred to as “non-flow”

alternatives, involving vegetation removal and planting, vs. natural regeneration. But again, I 

suspect that plant demographic responses have already been considered in past work, particularly 

in the State-and-Transition models. 

Perhaps this is beyond the thematic and geographic scope of this project, but the Glen Canyon 

AMP might also want to consider the effects of reservoir dynamics and sedimentation at the 

river-reservoir interface on riparian vegetation response and associated wildlife habitat. On the 

Missouri River (Johnson 2002, Volke et al. 2015, 2019) and perhaps in portions of the Colorado 

River-reservoir system (C. Lott, personal communication) sedimentation at the river-reservoir 

interface can lead to creation of deltaic landforms that are colonized by wetland or riparian 

vegetation. These effects can be even greater during dry periods when reservoir levels decline, 

allowing spread of riparian vegetation along the lake shore. Riparian habitat formed at these 

interfaces may help to mitigate some of the losses of riparian habitat that may occur elsewhere in 

a regulated river system and perhaps may be valuable for riparian wildlife species (e.g., 

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher, Yuma Ridgway’s Rail). Both field work (vegetation, fish, 

birds, etc.) and remote sensing could be useful for mapping and evaluating the potential 

ecological value of these novel ecosystems. With prospects of climate change and increasing 

demands on the reservoirs, a more integrated understanding of reservoir dynamics and its 

influence on riparian habitats could be useful for conservation. 

Finally, I did not see much linkage of the proposed vegetation work with the LTEMP 

experimental flows. The chapter mentions high flows and states that they are mostly responsible 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 9/123 
for changing depth to water table due to sand deposition, rather than more direct effects on 

plants. However, the descriptions in the modeling section (C3) suggests that models will be used 

to help predict plant responses to experimental flows. Perhaps more formal linkage has occurred 

in past work and is not a priority area for new studies right now. 

Below are some comments and questions about sections of chapter C: 

3. Hypotheses and Science Questions 

For C4, can we also gain understanding about riparian vegetation constraints from the outcomes 

of management? Can management actions be treated as experiments that help generate new 

knowledge? 

4. Background 

It is surprising that the influence of daily flow fluctuations and base flows on riparian vegetation 

has not been previously evaluated (p. 64), given their demonstrated importance in other systems 

and likely influence in the CRe. The proposed experiments (C2) will provide very valuable 

findings in this regard. I like the conceptual framework and use of physiological and 

morphological measures of plant performance in these experiments. These sorts of experiments 

also have great promise for informing non-flow vegetation management actions. 

I am not clear on what the macroinvertebrate production flows are (p. 64) and why they would be 

particularly harmful for obligate riparian species. 

I did not see much discussion of groundwater dynamics being an important influence on riparian 

vegetation, even though this has been documented in many studies in the Southwest. In the CRe 

is this moot because groundwater levels are mostly a function of daily river flows? 

5. Proposed Work 

Project Element C.1. Ground-based Riparian Vegetation Monitoring 

This section is solid, but without much detail on specifics of sampling. For example, geomorphic 

features are being used to stratify sampling and how is sampling being stratified across a 

hydrologic gradient? Details are provided, however, in the published protocol by Palmquist et al. 

(2018b) that is provided via a link on p. 67. However, given that these protocols are probably 

well-known to LTEMP participants, and this component of the FY21-23 work plan is mostly a 

continuation of past monitoring, I can understand why some details of the sampling have been 

left out. The main new products are the proposed analyses of the individual and joint influences 

of flows and climatic conditions on species cover and distributions. 

Minor point: it would be good to italicize and capitalize the titles of the LTEMP goals when they 

are mentioned (as was done earlier in the chapter). 

The authors mention that stakeholders have suggested reducing the frequency of vegetation 

monitoring efforts. If it is necessary for budgetary considerations, I think that shifting to a 

sampling schedule of alternate years would be acceptable, although it could make it more 

difficult to assess impacts of flows or other events in a particular year. I suppose it depends in 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 10/123 
part whether the annual time scale was important for informing management actions or other 

components of the AMP. For the sandbar monitoring, does this imply that the geomorphic 

surveys (B1) will also be moved to an every-other-year basis and coordinated with the vegetation 

sampling? Otherwise, valuable information for sandbar-campsite management and for 

understanding vegetation-geomorphology interactions could be lost if the vegetation monitoring 

is temporally decoupled from the topographic surveys. Could the remote cameras in project B 

also be used to look at short-term vegetation responses? 

On p. 67, it mentions that the monitoring is meant to be complementary to the remote sensing 

work (project L) that takes place over longer time scales and focuses on common species. I 

raised this point above, but is there any formal integration between the two? Could some things 

accomplished by the vegetation sampling could be accomplished by remote sensing or at least 

complemented by it? 

p. 67, line 10 – insert “the” before river

p. 68, end of second paragraph – data “are”? Personal preference perhaps, but I always refer to 

data as plural. 

Does the monitoring occur at the non-flow vegetation management sites? Or, is this 

accomplished by other personnel (e.g., NPS)? It would be good for those two projects to be 

linked, so that sampling can inform management and management can produce data useful for 

other things. Some of this is mentioned in C4, but it was not clear to me if there was ongoing 

coordination of the widespread monitoring and the site-based vegetation treatments. 

Project Element C.2. Determining Hydrological Tolerances and Management Tools for 

Plant Species of Interest. 

The hypotheses and conceptual framework for this section are interesting and could lead to 

greater fundamental understanding of species responses to environmental stress. The first 

experiment will improve understanding of species-specific constraints on riparian vegetation 

across many of the most important species in the CRe. The second experiment focuses on three 

species of concern for vegetation management: Goodding’s willow, arrowweed, and Emory’s 

baccharis/seepwillow. The focus on these three species seems appropriate and the design of the 

experiment to try to disentangle the otherwise confounded effects of daily flow fluctuations and 

baseflow levels on plant physiological performance could yield important new information for 

CRe management and for more basic understanding of plant responses to power-peaking flows 

on other rivers. 

Minor note: “Goodding’s” is misspelled as “Gooding’s on second paragraph p. 71.

Very minor point: Baccharis emoryi is called several different names throughout the chapter: 

Emory’s baccharis, seepwillow, Emory’s seepwillow, etc. It might be best to use a consistent 

common name. 

Are the substrates in the field like the pure sand being used in the experiments? 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 11/123 
On p. 72, it refers to 13 species, while elsewhere in the proposal and in the table on p. 71 it only 

refers to 12. Is there a 13th species? I do not know much about its role in the CRe, but 

Phragmites australis, a clonal species with potentially important geomorphic effects, could be an 

interesting species to consider as well. 

Although it is fine if this has not been determined yet, I did not see any information on how long 

the experiments will be run (i.e., when will the plants be harvested) or how quickly water tables 

will be raised or lowered. 

In the top paragraph on p. 73, it was unclear to me what “observed gradient length” means. I 

found the description of the ordination analysis, and particularly its outcomes, as a little vague. 

Also, I do not believe that the authors described how the results of experiment 2 would be 

analyzed. Will this be with GLMMs? 

p. 77, last line – Perhaps not critical, but how will the authors assess which models have greater 

support? Through comparison of AIC values? 

Project Element C3: Predictive Models and Synthesis 

It sounds like a great idea to integrate the monitoring data, experimental results, and other 

existing data sources to build predictive models (of LTEMP veg objectives). Findings from the 

experiments could help to develop models with a solid mechanistic basis, in terms of hydrology 

and plant physiological performance. Including data from other regional rivers will help to 

expand the range of hydrologic and climatic conditions considered, providing a better 

understanding of the hydroclimatic niches of various riparian plant species and perhaps enabling 

projections under flow and climatic conditions beyond the historical and environmental/flow 

limits of the field data (e.g., beyond the last 5-6 years). Overall, model results that are based on 

plant functional responses to flow variation, hydrologic and climatic constraints on species 

distribution, and a range of flow conditions should provide more reliable projections. 

I did have some questions, though, about how well plant hydro-climatic niches can be 

determined from the broad-scale hydrology and species distribution data. However, given all of 

the past fine-scale work in the CRe and other regional rivers, I imagine that these data in the 

“informatics” approach are being used to provide a coarse-scale filter of plant-environment 

relationships that will complement the previous fine-scale studies. As the authors say, these 

broad-scale data will help to show where the CRe occurs in this regional hydro-climatic space 

and may help in considering the effects of climate change on plant performance. In any event, it 

will be important to consider both coarse and fine scale relationships (and their interactions or 

nestedness) when projecting vegetation responses. 

Philosophically, the hierarchical Bayesian modeling framework sounds great, but relatively few 

specifics are provided in the proposed TWP. For instance, what will be some of the specific 

model outputs from the Bayesian model and how will these be linked to the LTEMP objectives? 

I am sure that these will be developed as the research goes on, but some examples would make 

the quantitative review and Bayesian modeling less mysterious to a novice. Perhaps a more 

explicit link to the State-and-Transition modeling rules would be helpful. 

On p. 77, the phrase “conditions that could lead to these conditions” is awkward and vague.

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 12/123 
Project Element C4: Vegetation Management Decision Support 

It is a great idea to use these models to determine site potential (perhaps part of the site 

prioritization approach) and to otherwise inform the non-flow vegetation management actions. I 

did not see this mentioned in the LTEMP Experimental Vegetation Project Plan (although I 

could have missed it). It is important that modeling, monitoring, and implementation efforts be 

coordinated/integrated between these two projects. 

Outcomes and Products: 

I found this section, particularly the lists of planned publications, to be very helpful for 

understanding specifics of the other parts. 

References: Capitalize “Merritt” in Diehl et al. citation.

Budget (p.85): “Cooperative Agreements” for part C3, the Bayesian modeling, is a large part of 

the budget (nearly $290K in direct costs, more than a quarter of each year’s budget). This is fine, 

but I am wondering who is doing this work. Is the Cooperative Agreement with NAU, USGS, or 

other? Is an outside entity doing the modeling work? 

Projects C.7 and C.8 (Reclamation): Experimental Vegetation Treatment 

Science Advisor Summary: 

The review of these two projects addresses not only the short proposal in the draft 

Triennial Work Plan but also a separate document prepared by the National Park Service 

in April 2020, “Long Term Experimental and Management Plan Experimental 

Vegetation Project Plan for the Implementation of the Vegetation Environmental 

Commitments from the LTEMP ROD in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and 

Grand Canyon National Park below Glen Canyon Dam.” This separate document 

presents a detailed plan for the experimental vegetation treatment program. Stakeholders 

interested in seeing this latter proposal should contact the GCDAMP Chief. The present 

report only summarizes Dr. Dixon’s review of the separate document together with his 

comments on the shorter proposal in the draft TWP. 

Dr. Dixon finds the project plan to be “... solid and well thought-out. The basic 

vegetation management objectives are clearly described, and the program has made an 

excellent start developing metrics to prioritize reaches and sites for management.” He

also commends “... the choice of an adaptive management framework to iteratively 

inform restoration actions across the life of the program. Finally, close collaboration and 

annual coordination with the Tribes and GCMRC will help to make the projects relevant 

to stakeholder concerns (including protection of cultural resources), and well supported 

scientifically.”

At the same time, the review recommends improvements in several elements of the 

project proposal: 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 13/123 
 

 

• “First, use of an adaptive management framework suggests that research 

hypotheses will be formed to address key unknowns related to management, these 

will be tested with experimental treatments (and controls), and these results will 

be used to inform future management... However, given that vegetation 

management has gone on for several years, including FY18-20, there should be 

some specific hypotheses that can be stated and used to guide the next round of 

management experiments. So, I think that the proposal could be strengthened by 

explicitly listing some of these hypotheses/questions and indicating how they will 

be addressed in upcoming work.”

• Second, the review recommends that the proposal describe “... how elements of 

ongoing or proposed work (e.g., in the FY21-23 work plans for GCMRC projects 

B, C, D, or L) by GCMRC would link with restoration actions or monitoring 

under C.7 and C.8.”

• Third, while commending the criteria for identifying Priority Treatment Areas, the 

review recommends that the organization and usage of these criteria be clarified. 

Specifically, the review states that “... it would be good to clearly differentiate 

reach-based vs. site-based criteria in Table 3, to make the hierarchical nature of 

the system (coarse and fine-scale) more evident.” Further, the reviewer states, “... 

I would not expect the same set of prioritization criteria to be relevant to different 

vegetation management objectives.”

• Finally, the reviewer “... found the organization of the budgetary material at the 

end of the proposal to be confusing. The authors provide a very rough annual 

budget of $150,000 to $350,000, but then indicate that this is only an order of 

magnitude estimate. It would seem to me that an approximate budget could be 

based on the values in the separate proposed FY21-23 TWP document, which ran 

between $235,000 and $260,000.”

The review concludes with specific suggestions for individual items in the proposal. 

Project D: Effects of Dam Operations and Vegetation Management on 

Archaeological Sites 

Science Advisor Summary: 

The Science Advisor elected to have Project D reviewed by two experts because it 

addresses such a wide range of topics. Dr. Sweeney (Review #1) reviewed the project 

from the perspective of a specialist in the study of eolian dynamics. Dr. Dixon (Review 

#2) reviewed the project from the perspective of a specialist in riparian vegetation 

dynamics. 

Dr. Sweeney finds that the proposal “... is well written and contains reasonable 

hypotheses informed by previous research, and identifiable goals. The scientific quality is 

high, using proven methods (such as lidar) to measure and assess geomorphic change, 

which will help them address their primary research questions of whether HFEs and 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 14/123 
resultant sandbar building will increase eolian sand transport to dune areas, resulting in 

higher preservation potential for archaeological sites and cultural artifacts. Using new and 

previously collected repeat photos will help the team assess vegetation change in these 

environments over time. Some additional clarity is needed regarding the different dune 

types and sites representing pre- and post-dam river flows and altered eolian sediment 

connectivity.”

Dr. Sweeney specifically asks for greater clarity for Element D.1 concerning whether the 

project addresses (1) dunes associated with modern fluvial sources (MFS), which are 

adjacent to the river and associated with flows <45,000 cfs., (2) dunes associated with 

pre-dam Colorado River flows, or relict fluvial sources (RFS), which are higher in 

elevation and associated with flows >45,000 cfs that no longer occur, or (3) both. He 

suggests an alternative hypothesis concerning the importance of the vegetation on these 

dunes from a management standpoint. He also recommends (for D.1) continuing use of 

LiDAR and poses several specific questions. For Element D.2, he lauds the use of repeat 

photography and suggests other ways in which this could be useful to the project. He 

praises Element D.3. And he is confused by the lack of a budget for Element D.4. 

Dr. Dixon characterizes Element D.1 as “... a valuable project that directly investigates 

the role of Glen Canyon Dam flow releases (especially High-Flow Experiments) and 

vegetation management on eolian transport to protect eroding cultural sites. He 

commends the use of LiDAR but poses some questions about its application and linkages 

to other projects. He characterizes Elements D.2 and D.3 and their specific methods as 

“valuable” but again poses some questions about methods and linkages and suggests 

needs for more information in the exposition of D.3. Finally, he sees Element D.4 as 

providing “... important baseline data on stratigraphy, sedimentary context, prehistoric 

climatic conditions, etc. that would complement the archaeological work for the site” and 

“... a model for future cross-cultural communication and collaboration between physical 

scientists, NPS, and tribal members.” However, he questions the budgeting arrangements 

for D.4 and suggests that at least some funds be formally dedicated to it. 

External Review 1: 

The impacts of Glen Canyon Dam have been wide-reaching and influence not only river 

discharge, sediment transport, geomorphology, ecology, but also archaeological sites, including 

sites and artifacts that are culturally important to Native American tribes. Uniform flows from 

the dam facilitates the erosion of sandbars, and the lack of annual floods on the river has resulted 

in vegetation encroachment on exposed bars. Project D involves geomorphic processes, changes 

in riparian vegetation, and their impacts on the preservation of cultural resources. 

The overarching goal of Project D is to assess the effectiveness of planned High Flow Events 

(HFEs) to rebuild sandbars and regenerate the sand supply for eolian redistribution into adjacent 

sand dunes. Sand dunes contain archaeological sites and cultural artifacts, and burial by eolian 

sand helps to preserve them. Due to dam operations and the modification of Colorado River 

flows and sediment loads, these sites and artifacts are threatened by erosion. I am familiar with 

some of the previous research on this issue by Joel Sankey and Amy East (Draut). In this review, 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 15/123 
I will consider each of the four project elements in the context of previous research, the LTEMP, 

and other projects in the Adaptive Management Work Plan, to the best of my knowledge. 

Project Element 1: Dam Operations, Vegetation Management, Archaeological Sites 

This element focuses on HFEs, their frequency, and the role of eolian sand in the preservation of 

archaeological sites and cultural artifacts. Dam management has impacted the growth and 

encroachment of riparian vegetation on sandbars. This encroachment of vegetation may impede 

eolian transport of sand from the sandbars to the dunes, so vegetation removal is necessary in 

some cases. 

Some additional context associated with previous research helped me to better understand the 

situation. In two USGS reports, Draut and Rubin (2008) and Draut et al. (2010) documented that 

dunes containing artifacts are found at different elevations: 1) dunes associated with modern 

fluvial sources (MFS) are adjacent to the river and are associated with flows <45,000 cfs. 2) 

dunes associated with pre-dam Colorado River flows, or relict fluvial sources (RFS), are higher 

in elevation and associated with flows >45,000 cfs, which no longer occur. It is my 

understanding that this project focuses primarily on sites adjacent to modern sandbars, but this is 

not entirely clear to me. 

Draut and Rubin (2008) noted that RFS dunes have biological crust and vegetative cover because 

they no longer receive sand from deflating sandbars and are essentially stabilized. This is a 

potential problem because gullies can erode through these stabilized dunes, exposing sites and 

artifacts. Previous to the dam, high flows would build sandbars that provide a source of dune 

sand that would blow into the gullies and promote deposition rather than erosion, resulting in 

continued preservation of the artifacts. While these are reasonable observations and 

interpretations, I would like to pose an alternative hypothesis: the vegetation and biological crust 

cover, while stabilizing the dunes, also helps to maintain burial of sites and cultural artifacts in 

the present management situation. If these dunes were reactivated by vegetation removal, 

continued wind erosion of sand and migration by dunes is likely to expose artifacts, reducing 

their preservation potential. For me, and perhaps others, the challenge is determining which 

scenario results in longer term preservation of sites and artifacts. Some additional clarification is 

needed to know if Project Element 1 plans to deal with archaeologic sites associated with “MFS

dunes”, “RFS dunes”, or both.

For the MFS dunes, vegetation has grown and is spreading on sandbars, prohibiting the wind 

transport of sand to the dunes, thus decreasing preservation potential of archaeological sites and 

cultural artifacts. The reason for this is that vegetation baffles the wind, reducing wind velocity, 

resulting in deposition of sand. If the dunes are still active but not receiving new sand from 

adjacent bars, wind erosion in the dunes can expose artifacts, which will remain exposed because 

the sand supply has been reduced. This element plans to remove vegetation so that sand can blow 

into adjacent dune areas. The justification behind this is reasonable and consistent with other 

projects, especially Project C and the control of invasive vegetation. It appears that only the 

vegetation blocking sand transport by wind to the dunes would be removed, and not vegetation 

on the dunes themselves (Fig. 1). Natural vegetation on dunes themselves could be left alone 

(unless it is invasive) because the vegetation facilitates deposition of eolian sediment (as it 

presently does at the bar-dune interface), thus increasing preservation potential of artifacts. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 16/123 
At what rate does eolian sand rebury sites and artifacts? If sandbars are regenerated by HFEs at 

the right time of year (prior to sand transporting winds in the right direction), does burial begin 

the same year, or does it take 2-3 years (or more) for this process to be effective? Having 

successive HFEs each year (rather than a one-time HFE) seems to be key in helping answer that 

questions. Are sites being monitored beyond measurement with lidar? 

LiDAR has been previously used (Sankey et al., 2018a, 2018b) and shown to be an effective and 

accurate method of measuring geomorphic change including areas of erosion and deposition on 

sandbars and sand dunes. Continued use of lidar as proposed may help to answer some of the 

questions I ask above, as well as lead to a broader understanding of erosion and deposition of 

sand in these areas. 

Project Element 2: Monitoring Landscape-scale Ecosystem Change with Repeat 

Photography 

The goal of this element is to document changes in vegetation of the sandbars and dunes via 

repeat photography. This includes recent photography (in the last few decades) as well as historic 

photography going back to 1940. Part of this element seeks to work through the backlog of 

several years of photo analysis that had not been completed due to a lack of funding. This seems 

entirely justifiable in this project because perhaps one of the only ways scientists can understand 

how vegetation has changed pre- and post-dam is through repeat photography. The more 

data/photo sets that can be incorporated, the better, in my opinion. Otherwise, you are left with 

only a few snapshots that do not allow you to assess rates of change, or changes that may have 

occurred in intervening years (i.e., flood deposition or erosion). The use of repeat photography 

has been previously used to help understand geomorphic and vegetative changes to sandbars and 

dunes over time (Sankey et al., 2018a). The historic photos also provide an opportunity to better 

understand pre-dam vegetation type and structure, also potentially in support of Project C. 

Repeat photography may also aid in determining the frequency by which vegetation management 

will need to be maintained (yearly, every two years, or more). 

Project Element 3: Cultural Program History 

The goal of this element is to retrieve old reports and interview key personnel who have 

knowledge of past research. Unfortunately, “lost knowledge” seems to be a common problem, 

but we do not always have the time or resources to retrieve it before it is gone forever. The South 

Dakota Geological Survey, for example, is working hard to digitize all reports so that they are 

freely available to anyone, and other information including historical photographs that have been 

sitting in storage boxes for decades, of use to no-one. In Project D, this is critical in identifying 

gaps in knowledge and in maintaining tribal relations. I do not normally see budget items for this 

type of work in proposals, but I recognize the importance of this information and applaud you for 

your proposed efforts here. 

Project Element 4: Geomorphic Research in Support of NHPA Compliance Activities 

The goal of this element is to excavate an archaeological site threatened by erosion. This 

collaborative effort by scientists and tribal members seeks to preserve artifacts as well as learn 

more about the sedimentology and geomorphology of the area. The information learned in this 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 17/123 
element could potentially be applied to other culturally significant areas along the river, provide 

insight to rates of geomorphic change pre-dam, and inform future management decisions. There 

is no budget listed for this element. 

I was also asked to review the Project based on four specific criteria, summarized as follows: 

a) Clarity, scientific quality; consistent with LTEMP goals: Project D is well written and 

contains reasonable hypotheses informed by previous research, and identifiable goals. The 

scientific quality is high, using proven methods (such as lidar) to measure and assess geomorphic 

change, which will help them address their primary research questions of whether HFEs and 

resultant sandbar building will increase eolian sand transport to dune areas, resulting in higher 

preservation potential for archaeological sites and cultural artifacts. Using new and previously 

collected repeat photos will help the team assess vegetation change in these environments over 

time. Some additional clarity is needed regarding the different dune types and sites representing 

pre- and post-dam river flows and altered eolian sediment connectivity. 

The goals of Project D are consistent with the LTEMP, which seeks to build sandbars and 

increase protection of cultural artifacts and sites in support of the National Historic Preservation 

Act. 

b) Integration with other projects: Project D has clear connections to other projects. Project D 

depends on Project A which monitors stream flows and sediment loads and assesses the sources 

of sand for bar building. Project D depends on the success of Project B which assesses effects of 

HFEs on sandbar generation and maintenance over time. HFEs are necessary to generate high 

flows that build sandbars. The HFEs deliver sand from the redistribution of channel bed sand, 

some of which is derived from tributaries. Do proposed dams and water retention projects in the 

Little Colorado River threaten the sand supply, and thus the effectiveness of the HFEs? (Perhaps 

only minimally based on information provided in Project A?). Project C considers riparian 

vegetation, some of which may serve as a barrier to eolian transport. Vegetation removal also 

improves recreational opportunities at some sandbar campsite locations. 

c) Feasibility of accomplishing 3-year goals: Time frames seem reasonable on all counts. 

Research associated with Elements 1 and 2 will occur over three years, which seems entirely 

reasonable considering the field-intensive nature of element 1, and the backlog of assessment for 

element 2. Element 3 is occurring over two years, which also seems reasonable. 

d) Contributions to adaptive management or resources and experimental and management 

actions: The number of different projects of the Work Plan are well-integrated and work toward 

the common goal of Alternative D presented in the LTEMP, which works to make progress on 

all management aspects including improving sandbar building potential, improving preservation 

of cultural resources, among others. Project D aims to return and maintain some of the natural 

geomorphic processes that occurred along the river pre-dam with high flows via HFEs and eolian 

transport of sand from sandbars to adjacent dunes. This in turn results in the increased 

preservation potential of culturally important sites and artifacts. The research summarized here 

will document the effectiveness of HFEs and vegetation removal on resource preservation. This 

report, and previous published research associated with Project D, emphasize that there are risks 

involved with HFEs in that they may build sandbars, but erosion may also occur, countering 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 18/123 
 

preservation goals. I also recognize that this research pertains to a particular selection of sites 

where wind direction and strength facilitate the transportation of sand from sandbars to cultural 

sites; previous work (Sankey et al., 2018 a, b) makes it clear that not all sandbar sites are 

susceptible to wind erosion or the protection of cultural sites. In my view, the risks of the 

research are necessary if sites and artifacts are to be preserved, and the ecological diversity of the 

river is to be maintained. 

External Review 2: 

This proposal describes an important, albeit diverse, set of project elements to support cultural 

resources through geomorphic science. The largest part of the work (project element D.1) 

focuses on the linkages between fine sediment availability in the riparian zone, erosional and 

depositional processes related to degradation or preservation of cultural sites on the terraces, and 

impacts of flows and vegetation management on eolian transport of these sediments to the 

imperiled cultural sites. Other project elements deal more broadly with historical changes in 

riparian vegetation and sediment availability (D.2), the history of cultural research in the CRe 

(D.3), and collaborative work between geomorphologists, archaeologists, and tribal members for 

a proposed archaeological excavation site (D.4). A central motivation for the overall project is 

that Glen Canyon Dam operations have contributed directly to losses of sediment sources 

because of increased baseflows and lowered peak flows, and indirectly due to expansion of 

riparian vegetation, with a 45% decrease in bare sand area since 1963. Hence, this general 

project theme, especially D.1, is in support of increasing and retaining fine sediment above 

elevation of average baseflow for “ecological, cultural, and recreational purposes.”

In summary, the project elements of the proposed work include: 

• D1: Quantifying effects of flow (High-Flow Experiments) and non-flow (vegetation 

removal) on eolian sediment transport using ground-based LiDAR. 

• D2: Documenting historical riparian vegetation and geomorphic change in the old highwater zone using repeat photography. 

• D3: Synthesis of cultural resources research and monitoring in the CRe since 1995. 

• D4: Science support and collection of geomorphological information for a proposed 

archaeological excavation. 

Project Element D.1. Dam Operations, Vegetation Management, Archaeological Sites 

D.1 is a valuable project that directly investigates the role of Glen Canyon Dam flow releases 

(especially High-Flow Experiments) and vegetation management on eolian transport to protect 

eroding cultural sites. Using ground-based LiDAR is a good approach for the work (which 

appears to be a continuation from past TWPs), although few details is given on how the LiDAR 

will be deployed, its precision, and how data will be analyzed. Although the LiDAR mapping is 

an appropriate approach, are there complementary methods that could be employed to directly 

measure eolian transport? No direct field sampling of vegetation is planned, aside from use of 

remote cameras on some sites. Given that the investigators are looking both at geomorphology 

and vegetation (both on the control sites and on the vegetation removal sites), I am wondering if 

the project could benefit from coordination with the vegetation monitoring (project C), the 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 19/123 
 

sandbar topographic monitoring (project B), or the experimental vegetation management 

projects. Perhaps the ground-based LiDAR work here could also link with (or inform) the remote 

sensing work of project L. 

Project Element D.2. Monitoring Landscape-scale Ecosystem Change with Repeat 

Photography 

The repeat photography work seems particularly valuable to overall goals of the Glen Canyon 

Dam AMP. Given its low cost and great potential scientific value, it surprises me that it was not 

funded (at least not fully) during the FY2018-20 TWP. Very useful information can be gained 

about vegetation and geomorphology from various periods in the past (back to the 1880s) and 

about more recent changes. I am curious as to whether any of these sites coincide with 

archaeological sites that are being degraded by erosion and that are being studied in D.1. 

The ongoing work to match and analyze recent photos with those derived from the 1923 Birdsey 

and 1889-1890 Stanton expeditions seems valuable and has been useful for detecting significant 

changes in vegetation and open sand since the initiation of the “modified low fluctuating flow

regime in the mid-1990s.” The new sources of historical photos that have been proposed for

acquisition, matching, and analysis also seem very valuable and will provide different insights 

than previously analyzed photo-pairs. For instance, the photo series from Goldwater in 1940 

occurred during a pre-dam period with lower flows than some of the other historical sources and 

is closer to the beginning of the flow regulation period. The Borden series from 1973 focuses on 

recreational campsites. This source should be valuable for assessing changes in campsite 

beaches, which are of major interest for recreation and cultural preservation and shows 

conditions only a decade after dam completion. 

Project Element D.3. Cultural Program History 

Project element D.3 is thematically quite different from the others, in that it proposes “to 

assemble a comprehensive history of the GCDAMP cultural resources monitoring and research 

programs... since 1995.” Although this project does not involve any collection of new data, it is 

valuable for preserving insights about cultural resources that have been gained from various 

projects, grey literature, and personal recollections over several decades. It is also timely, as 

important institutional knowledge may be lost due to retirements, etc. if the work is not done 

soon. Compiling and making this information available to the public and to the next generation 

of managers will provide an important history of past cultural resources work and a foundation 

for future work. I assume that the compiled materials will also include both transcripts and 

recordings of oral histories, scanned photographs, videos, and other digital resources that will be 

hosted on a website or provided via other media. 

The authors describe this work as being different from a project being conducted by Arizona 

State University, which they say contains “little information relating to the cultural aspects.”

However, they never specifically indicate the nature of the ASU work. Does it deal more with 

the history of natural resources and scientific research? 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 20/123 
Project Element D.4. Geomorphic Research in Support of NHPA Compliance Activities 

Project Element D.4 is meant to provide geomorphological scientific support (LiDAR 

topographic mapping, stratigraphy, etc.) for a proposed excavation of an eroding archaeological 

site by NPS staff and the Pueblo of Zuni. This project element would provide important baseline 

data on stratigraphy, sedimentary context, prehistoric climatic conditions, etc. that would 

complement the archaeological work for the site. Besides the actual data collected for the project, 

it is hoped that this can provide a model for future cross-cultural communication and 

collaboration between physical scientists, NPS, and tribal members. 

The project appears to be mostly in the framing phase at this point (pending discussions about 

scope and timing with NPS and tribal members), as the proposed archaeological project has not 

yet been confirmed. The authors indicate that they have identified several research questions, but 

do not list them in the proposal (perhaps they should?). They also indicate that they can do the 

work, with minor modifications, even if the proposed excavation project does not occur. Then it 

would essentially be baseline or background geomorphic/stratigraphic information that would be 

of use when archaeological work is done at the site later. 

No budget has been identified for project element D.4, as the scope and timing will be 

determined through discussions with NPS and tribal members, but the authors indicate that the 

work could be completed without additional funding. This would be accomplished under the 

current Project D budget by repurposing some time and salary for the PIs out of elements D1 and 

D2. This would likely not require a large amount, but I am wondering if it would be better to 

formally dedicate at least some of the funding for this project element. 

Budget: D.2 and D.3 are inexpensive (together make up about 20% of the budget) but valuable 

projects. I would suggest a high priority on funding both (along with D.1), particularly the repeat 

photography work in D.2. As I suggest above, perhaps they should include at least a minimal 

budget for D.4 or explicitly reprogram some of D.1 to cover it. 

Project E: Controls on Ecosystem Productivity: Nutrients, Flow, and 

Temperature 

Science Advisor Summary: 

Dr. Rosi finds that “... both Projects E and F are grounded in previously collected data 

and understanding of the system. Moreover, both projects seek to maintain existing 

datasets and advance understanding of the Colorado River, Grand Canyon by conducting 

new research. The knowledge gaps [are] clearly identified and the research proposed to 

fill these data gaps [are] well conceived and are doable. I believe that these two projects 

will lead to advancing out understanding of food webs in the Colorado River, Grand 

Canyon and that these findings will shed light on our general understanding of food webs 

in regulated rivers.” She also finds that the proposed outcomes and budget for Project E 

“... seem appropriate and are well justified in the plan.” She commends several aspects 

of the project, including the proposed work and budget to examine aquatic vegetation 

[macrophyte] responses to experimental flows. She states that “This work should be 

supported if the experimental flows are adopted as this will likely provides an 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 21/123 
understanding of how these flows influence the habitats supporting organisms at the base 

of these food webs.” At the same time, Dr. Rosi poses further questions for the 

investigators to consider in the design of each project element. 

External Review (Dr. Emma Rosi): 

Overview 

Overall, both Projects E and F are grounded in previously collected data and understanding of 

the system. Moreover, both projects seek to maintain existing datasets and advance 

understanding of the Colorado River, Grand Canyon by conducting new research. The 

knowledge gaps were clearly identified, and the research proposed to fill these data gaps were 

well conceived and are doable. I believe that these two projects will lead to advancing out 

understanding of food webs in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon and that these findings will 

shed light on our general understanding of food webs in regulated rivers. 

The purpose of Project E is to measure the influence of the various factors that influence 

ecosystem productivity in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon. The proposed work is well 

justified by past research and the plan for the research is takes advantage of the latest techniques 

possible for these types of questions. Some highlights of the research that are strong include the 

focus on P (Phosphorus) dynamics and interactions of P and silt and clay in the river system. The 

investigation of P availability in this system will provide insights on its limitation on primary 

production. The second research goal to explore the interactions among light availability, 

temperature and nutrients is useful, as it is known that in rivers like the Colorado that various 

factors can strongly interact to influence ecosystem productivity. The third research element on 

Humpback chub metabolic demands is somewhat different than the first two elements and may 

seem tangential. However, I agree with the researchers that a research gap of great concern in the 

Colorado Basin and the Grand Canyon in particular needs to be filled concerning the energetic 

demands of this fish species. Understanding the metabolic demands of these fishes is crucial for 

exploring how their populations may respond to changes in the river system, especially the 

overall productivity. 

Element E.1. 

The P budget approach and especially the work on the P dynamics in riverine sediments is very 

important work if you want to understand the P budget of a system. I was happy to see that the 

proposed work includes extractions of sediment bound P and P sorption assays. I was a little less 

clear on the methods described in the bottom of page 119. Will the water samples you collect be 

measured for SRP, TDP and TP (Soluble Reactive, Total Dissolved, and Total Phosphorus), in 

addition to exploration of the suspended sediment collected in the sample? More detail on these 

methods would be helpful, but the fact that the sorption assays are described on page 120, 

indicates that these dynamics are of concern to the PIs. If not already planned, I suggest that the 

PIs work to understand the sorption dynamics in the water samples they collect and how 

preservation of the samples influences P dynamics. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 22/123 
Element E.2. 

The continued measurement of dissolved oxygen for metabolism modeling is an important 

component to maintain. This is a crucial way of taking the “pulse” of the river. Additional work 

to constrain estimates of gas exchange are a useful addition and the efforts to develop a 

mechanistic model of GPP (Gross Primary Production) in the Grand Canyon is valuable. A 

mechanistic model of GPP will be useful for multiple purposes and is a useful endeavor. The 

work proposed to disentangle the primary production of macrophytes versus diatoms in the Glen 

Canyon reach of the river is also ambitious and is very important for understanding the river. 

Because the whole-river measurements of GPP provide an estimate of the photosynthesis of both 

macrophytes and diatoms, but the diatoms have been shown to support the food web, there is a 

great need to be able to separate the productivity of these two contributors to primary production. 

The light:dark bottle incubations in the field is a very good first step in disentangling the 

production of these two contributions to primary production. The plans for these experiments are 

solid. The plans to continue analysis of the images from the underwater imagery also seems to be 

a useful extension of previous work. It is very wise of the team to focus energy on analyzing 

existing imagery rather than simply continuing to collect more. I look forward to reading the 

results of these surveys and how they conduct the spatial analyses in the peer reviewed literature. 

Element E.3. 

The focus of this element is on refining measures of the metabolic rate of humpback chub and 

flannel mouth suckers in the Grand Canyon. This work is fundamental in the effort to build 

models of the effects of management operations on these species. The research proposed is 

relatively straightforward and the experiments are well designed. The results of this work are 

essential for understanding and model dynamics of these populations. 

Final Comments 

The outcomes and budgets for Project E seem appropriate and are well justified in the plan. 

The Experimental Project Budget focuses on mapping aquatic vegetation [macrophyte] responses 

to experimental flows. This work is ideally suited to investigate proposed alteration in flows (e.g. 

the 2021 steady flows, etc.). This work should be supported if the experimental flows are 

adopted as this will likely provides an understanding of how these flows influence the habitats 

supporting organisms at the base of these food webs. I wondered if these flows are implemented 

if some additional effort to understand the effects of the experimental flows on diatoms versus 

macrophytes were considered. This would also be a useful research element. 

Project F: Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology 

Science Advisor Summary: 

Dr. Rosi finds the argument compelling that “... the data collected from Project F [are] 

crucial for Project E to be successful. These projects seem well linked and in combination 

they can provide new insights into how the base of the food web responds to dam 

operations and long-term changes in the river.” Dr. Rosi commends the proposed efforts 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 23/123 
to make maximal use of previously collected data, the continuing important role of 

citizen science, the continuing study of “bug flow” impacts, and the careful alignment of 

project elements with other needs of the AMP. At the same time, she poses further 

questions for the investigators to consider in the project design. Finally, she characterizes 

the budget for Project F as “... reasonable given the scope of the work proposed [and] 

adequate to accomplish the goals of the project.”

External Review (Dr. Emma Rosi): 

Overview 

As noted above, overall both Projects E and F are grounded in previously collected data and 

understanding of the system. Moreover, both projects seek to maintain existing datasets and 

advance understanding of the Colorado River, Grand Canyon by conducting new research. The 

knowledge gaps were clearly identified, and the research proposed to fill these data gaps were 

well conceived and are doable. I believe that these two projects will lead to advancing out 

understanding of food webs in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon and that these findings will 

shed light on our general understanding of food webs in regulated rivers. 

Project F focuses on continued efforts to track macroinvertebrates that form the base of the food 

web, especially in response to past or proposed management changes. In order to understand 

higher trophic levels in the Colorado River, tracking changes in the base of the food web is 

crucial. The work proposed is strong, with hypotheses about the ecology of these organisms and 

response to dam operations driving the proposed research and monitoring efforts. The multiple 

methods of tracking the invertebrates is also useful; this is especially crucial to maintain with the 

approval of the bugs flows for FY2020. The additional complication of the COVID pandemic 

disrupting sampling makes efforts in the next few years crucial for understanding the responses 

to the bug flow experiments. 

The work in project F is well grounded in an understanding of the lifecycles of animals at the 

base of the food web. This is essential as there are varied life history strategies and 

understanding how different animals respond to changing dam operations. 

Element F.1 

The creative use of citizen scientists to help collect data on invertebrate emergence is quite 

strong. It both provides a way for folks to engage in science while visiting Grand Canyon and 

allows for much more data to explore patterns of emergence than would otherwise be possible in 

a relatively inaccessible river like the Colorado in the Grand Canyon. This work is very 

important to the efforts to understand patterns of invertebrate populations. The additional plan to 

measure drift is useful in the investigation of the long-term effects of the bug flows on 

invertebrate communities. 

Element F.2. 

The data set on invertebrates in Marble has been collected since 2007 and represents a 

manageable long-term dataset for this river. The work has been published in peer reviewed 

journals and provides a useful way to track long-term dynamics in the food base. Moreover, the 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 24/123 
focus on Marble Canyon is crucial given what we know of how dynamics in Marble Canyon 

influence downstream food webs. 

Element F.3. 

The proposal to translocate HBC to the Bright Angel Creek in 2020 makes continued effort to 

monitor invertebrates at this site particularly important to continue. The data that have been 

collected will provide and baseline against which to compare the influence of these translocated 

fish on the food web and vice versa. 

Element F.4. 

This element revisits data collected on fish diets that were collected in 2006-2009. Considering 

that work that has been led by GCMRC scientists suggests alterations in the food web, with 

introductions, changes in the food base, and expansion of HBC populations, it seems that the 

proposed work to re-examine fish diets is warranted. The element proposes to examine fish diets 

now compared to the past. This work will leverage the past investments in research on the food 

base and I envision that the work will shed light on how flexible fish diets are and how much the 

changes that have been observed in the base of the food web translates to higher trophic levels. 

This work is very strong. I was curious if the findings that come out of this work might motivate 

a second research effort similar to what was published in Cross et al. 2013. It might be useful for 

GCMRC scientist to think through what evidence might be suggest that enough change has 

occurred in the food web to trigger another thorough investigation of the energetics and demands 

in the food web. 

Element F.5. 

This element includes conducting research if the Springtime HFEs are implemented. This work 

seems reasonable to add if these flows are conducted so that the team can learn how the response 

of the food base compares to other previous HFEs. 

Final Comments 

The plan for producing publications based on this work seems very good and the PIs plan to 

publish their findings in high profile outlets. Moreover, as pointed out by the plan, the data 

collected from Project F is crucial for Project E to be successful. These projects seem well linked 

and in combination they can provide new insights into how the base of the food web responds to 

dam operations and long-term changes in the river. The budget for this work is reasonable given 

the scope of the work proposed. It is adequate to accomplish the goals of the project. 

Project G: Humpback Chub Population Dynamics 

Science Advisor Summary: 

Dr. Olden states, “This project will continue monitoring activities mandated by the 2016 

Biological Opinion associated with the LTEMP EIS by focusing on research that 

improves understanding of the abundance and drivers of humpback chub population 

dynamics in the Little Colorado River, the western Grand Canyon, and beyond. Overall, 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 25/123 
the scientific questions are clearly articulated, methods are robust, and findings will be 

relevant to address BiOp Conservation Measures.” The reviewer has no concerns for any 

elements of the proposal except Element G.2, for which the reviewer suggests that, 

“Beyond Asian tapeworm, future investigations of parasite composition and burden 

(according to fish size, condition, location, etc.) might be warranted.”

External Review (Dr. Julian Olden): 

Overview 

This project will continue monitoring activities mandated by the 2016 Biological Opinion 

associated with the LTEMP EIS by focusing on research that improves understanding of the 

abundance and drivers of humpback chub population dynamics in the Little Colorado River, the 

western Grand Canyon, and beyond. Overall, the scientific questions are clearly articulated, 

methods are robust, and findings will be relevant to address BiOp Conservation Measures. 

Project Element G.1. Humpback Chub Population Modeling 

The objective of this element is to support a better understanding of the current adult population 

size of humpback chub and to predict future population states in response to management 

decisions. This project provides a clear rationale and details appropriate methods to collect data 

and inform/develop a multistate population model to predict life-stage specific abundance 

estimates of humpback chub in the LCR. No concerns. 

Project Element G.2. Annual Spring/Fall Humpback Chub Abundance Estimates in the 

Lower 13.6 km of the LCR 

The objective of this element is to estimate humpback chub abundance in the lower 13.6 km of 

the LCR during spring and fall months. Specific goals of this project are well stated and the goal 

to continue to collect data on other fish species, as well as external parasites, is a welcome. 

Beyond Asian tapeworm, future investigations of parasite composition and burden (according to 

fish size, condition, location, etc.) might be warranted. 

Project Element G.3. Juvenile Chub Monitoring near the LCR Confluence (JCM-East) 

The objective of this element is to gather data to estimate survival, growth and abundance of 

multiple size classes of humpback chub in the mainstem Colorado River just downstream of the 

LCR confluence. This appears to also include monitoring rainbow trout and brown trout 

abundance with the goal of tracking relationships with humpback chub. Monitoring juvenile 

humpback chub dynamics is fundamental to the LTEMP and the GCDAMP. The methodology 

approach is well reasoned. No concerns. 

Project Element G.4. Remote PIT-tag Array Monitoring in the LCR 

The objective of this element is to continue the maintenance of the MUX and NET antenna 

systems in the LCR to allow tracking the movement of humpback chub in support of population 

models. No concerns regarding methodology, and this knowledge will clearly inform more 

accurate estimates of population size. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 26/123 
Project Element G.5. Monitoring Humpback Chub Aggregation Relative Abundance and 

Distribution 

The objective of this element is to monitor the status and trends of humpback chub aggregations 

and conduct periodic surveys in between aggregations. The proposed monitoring program of 

chub aggregations is essential to move beyond current understanding of humpback chub 

populations in a limited set of locations. No concerns. 

Project Element G.6. Juvenile Chub Monitoring – West 

The objective of this element is to understand the drivers of humpback chub populations in the 

western Grand Canyon; a goal identified in the Conservation Measures of the BiOp. Similar to 

Project Element G.3., this data is fundamental to support LTEMP and GCDAMP. Rationale and 

approach clearly articulated. 

Project Element G.7. Chute Falls Translocations 

The objective of this element is to continue translocating juvenile humpback chub to upstream of 

Chute Falls on an annual basis and continue monitoring efforts. Although no details were 

provided regarding the number of planned translocated individuals and subsequent monitoring, 

the history of translocations since 2002 have proven beneficial from a restoration perspective 

that support continuation. No concerns. 

Outcomes and Products 

Proposed outcomes and products are acceptable. 

Elements and Activities not Funded 

Although funding restrictions are reality, it was nevertheless disappointing to see backwater 

monitoring of age-0 humpback chub (Project Element G.8.) no longer being proposed. 

Knowledge regarding age-0 fish is critical to obtain more robust predictions of production and 

population size and is a key metric to infer the effects of predation by nonnative fishes and Glen 

Canyon dam operations. Similarly, assessments of stock-piled otoliths appear to be an excellent 

opportunity to understand variability in hatch dates as related to environmental conditions, 

including changes in flow and temperature (Project Element G.9.); funding to support this 

project is no longer requested. 

Project H: Salmonid Research and Monitoring Project 

Science Advisor Summary: 

Dr. Olden commends the way the project “... uses a combination of field, modeling, and 

laboratory techniques to evaluate the response of rainbow trout and brown trout to 

experimental flows including TMFs, HFEs, equalization flows, and Bug Flows, as well as 

other management actions (i.e., proposed incentivized take harvest).” The reviewer 

raises no concerns for Project Elements H.1, H.3, and H.4. However, the reviewer 

reiterates the concerns expressed in the proposal for Element H.2 regarding the reduction 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 27/123 
in inference caused by the loss of replication from reducing the number of reaches to be 

sampled (mark-recapture sampling) from three reaches down to only one starting in 

FY2022. 

External Review (Dr. Julian Olden): 

Overview 

This project uses a combination of field, modeling, and laboratory techniques to evaluate the 

response of rainbow trout and brown trout to experimental flows including TMFs, HFEs, 

equalization flows, and Bug Flows, as well as other management actions (i.e., proposed 

incentivized take harvest). 

Project Element H.1. Rainbow Trout Monitoring in Glen Canyon 

The objective of this element is to track the status and trends of rainbow trout in the Lees Ferry 

reach of the Colorado River and to continue gathering long-term trend data on trout relative 

abundance, size composition, distribution, and recruitment as well as angler satisfaction and 

catch quality. Approaches to the long-term monitoring of rainbow trout remain robust. The 

incorporation of citizen science (fishing guides) to collect data on fish length is a great addition 

and will help address data gaps. 

Project Element H.2. Experimental Flow Assessment of Trout Recruitment 

The objective of this element is to determine the effects of LTEMP ROD flows on the 

recruitment of YOY rainbow trout and brown trout in Glen Canyon, the growth rates of juvenile 

and adult trout, and dispersal of YOY trout from Glen Canyon to Marble Canyon. A multi-reach 

mark-recapture sampling design was established in the FY2018-20 TWP, which is proposed to 

continue with the exception that due to budget constraints only one sub-reach (rather than 3) will 

be sampled starting in FY2022. The reduction in inference caused by the loss of replication is 

acknowledged and is a point of concern. The addition of directly examining gonadal structures 

via ultrasound, dissection, and histology working provides a more accurate estimation of 

reproductive state. Additional efforts are described to monitor downstream trout dispersal and 

abundance at the LCR, particularly in years corresponding to Trout Management Flows versus 

not. This will allow for testing the assumption underlying the LTEMP model that trout 

recruitment and downstream dispersal correspond with YOY recruit densities. 

Project Element H.3. Brown Trout Early Life Stage Survey in Glen Canyon 

The objective of this element is to address critical information needs pertaining to brown trout 

early life-history stages to inform management options for the expanding brown trout population 

in Glen Canyon. This includes understanding early life stage vital rates for YOY brown trout, 

assessing hatch and swim-up dates to identify when brown trout are likely to be emerging from 

gravel redds, and identifying habitat preferences to estimate stranding vulnerability to 

experimental flows, including Trout Management Flows. The BTELSS study design is proposed 

to resemble the previous RTELSS work, with the exception of the timing of surveys and 

locations to match those investigated in Project Element H.2. A small number of fish will be 

sacrificed and brought back to the laboratory for otolith removal and microstructural analysis to 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 28/123 
 

assess hatch and emergence dates; an important piece of knowledge. No concerns regarding 

methodology is noted. 

Project Element H.4. Salmonid Modeling 

The objective of this element is to analyze data on rainbow and brown trout populations 

collected in Elements H.1-H.3 in order to estimate the efficacy of ongoing management actions 

and improve capacity to predict impacts of future management actions. Such synthesis and reevaluation work are critical to the management of the Grand Canyon section of the Colorado 

River. In this case, estimating the impact of incentivized harvest on the population growth rate 

and overall abundance of brown trout will be possible. Furthermore, this element calls to 

continue the development a rainbow trout recruitment and outmigration model that integrates 

data collected over the last two decades. 

Outcomes and Products 

Proposed outcomes and products are acceptable. 

Project I: Warm-water Native and Non-Native Fish Monitoring and 

Research 

Science Advisor Summary: 

Dr. Olden commends the priority, overall design, and proposed products of the project 

but expresses concerns with the proposal overall and with individual project elements. 

Overall, the reviewer notes a “... complete lack of recognition of the negative impacts of 

invasive species via competition... [W]hile I appreciate the focus on predation, it is 

puzzling to me that potential competition continues to receive little attention, at least in 

this Project.” The review suggests “Alternative approaches [that] may provide 

opportunities to remedy this omission.” The reviewer also finds that “... the Background 

section contains some very outdated citations on invasive species management and 

control” and advises that the GCDAMP should “... embark on a comprehensive literature

review and formal topic modeling analysis to identify gaps in knowledge.”

The reviews of the individual project elements include the following expressions of 

concern and/or recommendations: 

• Project I.1: “It is proposed to continue with standardized monitoring that has been 

occurring annually since 2000, with the exception that no spring downstream 

monitoring trips will occur in FY22, and no monitoring from Diamond Creek 

downstream to Pierce Ferry will occur in FY23 because of budget constraints. 

Long-term, continuous, time series, are fundamental to management, so it is 

disappointing to see that gaps will be introduced by lack of surveys. I would much 

rather see budget reductions in the other project elements in order to ensure all 

monitoring trips are conducted.”

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 29/123 
• Project I.2: The review notes (with citations) that “... detection of rare species 

using eDNA is extremely challenging, including inflated false absences and 

inaccurate estimates of abundance.” The review then identifies several questions 

or issues that the reviewer suggests need to be addressed in the design of the 

investigations. 

• Project I.3: The review expresses concerns about the proposed use of gut content 

analysis using gastric lavage techniques and suggests alternatives (with citations): 

“While such techniques are valid, the many challenges of this approach (i.e., 

many empty stomachs, unidentifiable prey, etc.) could promote the use of stable 

isotope analysis or fatty acids analysis to determine diet composition... Given 

Project F (Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology) and other planned food web projects, it 

would seem that stable isotopes in particular could be beneficial. This would also 

allow for identifying potential competition, in addition to predation, between 

native and invasive fishes.”

External Review (Dr. Julian Olden): 

Overview 

This project proposes a combination of monitoring and population models to provide information 

to support effective integration of monitoring, research, and invasive species management. 

Additional questions include: (1) what is the incidence of infestation of Asian fish tapeworm in 

humpback chub in the mainstem Colorado River and what risks does this parasite pose? and (2) 

what are the current impacts of the existing population of introduced channel catfish on juvenile 

humpback chub in the LCR? 

Predation by invasive species is undoubtedly a major determinant of native fish health in the 

Colorado River, however, I’m concerned about the complete lack of recognition of the negative

impacts of invasive species via competition. So, while I appreciate the focus on predation, it is 

puzzling to me that potential competition continues to receive little attention, at least in this 

Project. Alternative approaches described below may provide opportunities to remedy this 

omission. 

I must also say that the Background section contains some very outdated citations on invasive 

species management and control. For example, Moyle et al. (1986), Dawson and Kolar (2003), 

Simberloff (2003), etc.... I would advise that Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program 

embark on a comprehensive literature review and formal topic modeling analysis to identify gaps 

in knowledge (e.g., Luiz et al. 2019, Fish and Fisheries). 

Project Element I.1. System-wide Native Fish and Invasive Aquatic Species Monitoring 

The objective of this element is to monitor the longitudinal distribution of the fish community 

(both native and nonnative) in the mainstem Colorado River from Lees Ferry to Pierce Ferry. 

System-wide monitoring is necessary to assess populations of native fish and to track the status 

of nonnative fish to ensure that LTEMP goals are being met. It is proposed to continue with 

standardized monitoring that has been occurring annually since 2000, with the exception that no 

spring downstream monitoring trips will occur in FY22, and no monitoring from Diamond Creek 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 30/123 
 

downstream to Pierce Ferry will occur in FY23 because of budget constraints. Long-term, 

continuous, time series, are fundamental to management, so it is disappointing to see that gaps 

will be introduced by lack of surveys. I would much rather see budget reductions in the other 

project elements in order to ensure all monitoring trips are conducted. 

Project Element I.2. Invasion and Colonization Dynamics of Warm-water Invasive Fish 

This project element proposes to improve detection of warm-water invasive fish that are passing 

through Glen Canyon Dam so that management agencies can better evaluate risks and deploy 

resources rapidly when needed to contain or eradicate aquatic invaders. In addition to 

conventional modeling, the project seeks to used eDNA surveys to estimate the occurrence and 

abundance of rare nonnative species. It states: “Using information on the spatial distribution and 

relative abundance of rare non-native species in Grand Canyon gained from the June 2020 or 

May 2021 eDNA sampling trip, we propose to resample a subset of sites approximately two 

years later to: 1) determine whether problematic non-native species are detected in the same 

geographic area or if expansion (or contraction) is occurring; and 2) determine whether nonnative species relative abundance is increasing (or decreasing) based on the amount of DNA in 

the water column.” What is not acknowledged is that detection of rare species using eDNA is 

extremely challenging, including inflated false absences and inaccurate estimates of abundance 

(e.g., Jerde et al. 2011, Larson et al. 2020). Past research also demonstrates the difficulties of 

using eDNA approaches to estimate relative abundance vs. absolute abundance (LaCoursiereRoussel et al. 2016, Carraro et al. 2018). Furthermore, what is the expectation that species 

occurrence and/or abundance is going to change over a short 2-year period? Rather than splitting 

sampling into two time periods, I would much rather see a broad spatial distribution of sampling 

done in a single year. Finally, just how will the eDNA data be compared to existing fish data 

collected via electrofishing and hoop netting and evaluated using species occupancy models? No 

details were provided. 

Project Element I.3. Impacts of Channel Catfish on Native Fish in the Little Colorado 

River 

The objective of this element is to quantify the potential impacts channel catfish may have on 

native fish populations in the LCR, specifically continuing to catch and mark (PIT tag) channel 

catfish to obtain estimates of population size, distribution and size structure. Traditional gut 

content analysis using gastric lavage techniques are proposed. While such techniques are valid, 

the many challenges of this approach (i.e., many empty stomachs, unidentifiable prey, etc ...)

could promote the use of stable isotope analysis or fatty acids analysis to determine diet 

composition (e.g., Rubenson et al. 2020). Given Project F (Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology) and 

other planned food web projects, it would seem that stable isotopes in particular could be 

beneficial. This would also allow for identifying potential competition, in addition to predation, 

between native and invasive fishes. 

Outcomes and Products 

Proposed outcomes and products are acceptable. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 31/123 
Project J: Socioeconomic Research 

Science Advisor Summary: 

Dr. Colby notes that “The 2021-23 Work Plan provides a valuable opportunity to build 

on existing GCDAMP socio-economic approaches and models, to be programmatically 

well-poised to evaluate socio-economic effects of future proposed long-term operational 

changes” and finds that “Project J is an essential component of the GCDAMP 2021-23 

Work Plan... Improved understanding of socio-economic implications of flow 

experiments undertaken to support native fish recovery and sediment management is 

essential to good working relationships between participating federal agencies, 

stakeholders, and elected officials.”

Looking at the individual project elements, the review finds: 

• “Element J.1 is clear in its objectives and appropriately chooses costeffectiveness analysis over cost benefit analysis, sparing the extra effort and 

expense to conduct valuation studies as would be entailed in cost benefit 

analysis.”

• For Element J.2, the review states, “Suitable statistical models for data analysis

are available in the literature and will allow estimation of the effects of price 

incentives on number of trips, catch rates, and retention rates of different types of 

anglers. The work plan proposes a mail survey method, after initial on-site 

contact and standard follow-up protocols for non-responders.” At the same time, 

the review of this element notes “The Work Plan would benefit from being more 

explicit about the integration of economic findings in Element J.1 and Element 

J.2. Both involve assessment of cost-effectiveness in strategies to support native 

fish. These two elements need to be analyzed in a comparable manner and 

integrated to identify optimal combinations of actions.”

• The review characterizes Element J.3 as “... the weakest of the three elements in 

Project J” and poses several questions concerning metrics and alternative survey 

approaches “... along the lines of contingent valuation instruments.” The review 

notes that “Earlier eras of GCD socio-economic research included state of the art 

valuation research.”

Finally, the review notes that “...the Work Plan does not appear to include any work 

related to regional economic impacts. Such impacts include changes in employment and 

business activity as linked to GCD operations and flow experiments. Changes in 

recreation activity linked to themes explored in Project J would generate regional 

economic impacts through ‘ripple effects’ in the regional economy. Regional economic 

impact studies were an important feature of socio-economic work in earlier phases of 

Reclamation assessments related to GCD operations. Such studies deserve emphasis 

given the understandable interest of regional stakeholders in economic impacts in their 

communities... Regional economic impact analyses are essential to evaluating any long 

term GCD operational changes. It is important to continue to build capacity for these 

types of studies. Regional economic studies provide a direct link between federal 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 32/123 
resource managing agencies, resources users, elected officials, community leaders and 

the public.” The review suggests ways in which the proposal might address these matters 

in the short term, and how the GCDAMP might address them over the longer term. 

External Review (Dr. Bonnie Colby): 

Overview 

This review assesses Project J in context of general goals for priority resources established in 

LTEMP and Record of Decision (ROD), and on four criteria provided to reviewers [see 

Appendix I]. 

The reviewer identified the following LTEMP ROD general goals for priority resources as 

particularly applicable to Project J: 

• Natural Processes. Restore, to the extent practicable, ecological patterns and processes 

(including aquatic nutrient cycles and food web dynamics) within their range of natural 

variability, including the natural abundance, diversity, and genetic and ecological 

integrity of the plant and animal species native to those ecosystems. 

• Recreational Experience. Maintain and improve the quality of recreational experiences 

for the users of the Colorado River Ecosystem. Recreation includes, but is not limited to, 

flatwater and whitewater boating, river corridor camping, and angling in Glen Canyon. 

The four criteria provided to reviewers are used to structure comments on Project J. 

Criteria a) clarity and scientific quality of the proposal consistent with need to assess 

resource status and trends, effects of experimental and management actions, and other 

potential drivers and constraints. 

Project J socio-economic evaluation of flow experiments likely will need to consider changes in 

ramp rates, daily flow range, fluctuating flow factors, and monthly volume patterns. Any of these 

can affect priority resources and can have various socio-economic effects. Tight coordination 

will be necessary to anticipate effects of flow experiments and develop monitoring to assess 

socio-economic effects. 

For many public officials and stakeholders, socio-economic implications are the top priority 

arena on which they focus in supporting or opposing proposed GCD operational experiments and 

long-term changes. Economic effects often are the top concern in stakeholder interactions with 

resource managing agencies. The 2021-23 Work Plan provides a valuable opportunity to build on 

existing GCDAMP socio-economic approaches and models, to be programmatically well-poised 

to evaluate socio-economic effects of future proposed long-term operational changes. 

Project J, by design, is highly adaptive in nature. Many details of the work are still to be 

identified through collaborative consultation. This is understandable as Project J involves 

evaluating operational experiments still to be designed and implemented. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 33/123 
Project J focuses upon several socioeconomic research elements: integrating economic metrics 

into predictive biological and physical models; designing and assessing an incentivized harvest 

program to reduce brown trout abundance in Lees Ferry; and surveying recreational anglers and 

whitewater boaters regarding their preferences for flow attributes. The focal areas for Project J 

address socio-economic aspects of goals related to humpback chub, sediment, invasive fish, and 

hydropower (with hydropower explicitly addressed in Project N). 

Element J.1 

Project J Element 1 considers cost-effectiveness in achieving humpback chub recovery goals 

through managing rainbow trout. Element 1 also considers improved sediment management and 

ensuing ecological, cultural, and recreational benefits, all in the context of economic tradeoffs 

involving hydropower. 

Element 1 is poised to investigate whether mitigation of rainbow trout effects on humpback chub 

can more cost-effectively be mitigated through altering flow as compared to non-native removal 

in target river reaches. This same effort aims to examine whether flow actions that support 

sediment management also can improve the value of hydropower generation. This initiative uses 

cost-effectiveness analysis to identify least cost options to achieve humpback chub recovery and 

sediment goals. 

Element 1 is clear in its objectives and appropriately chooses cost-effectiveness analysis over 

cost benefit analysis, sparing the extra effort and expense to conduct valuation studies as would 

be entailed in cost benefit analysis. 

Element J.2 

Element 2 develops socioeconomic monitoring and research in support of a brown trout 

incentivized harvest program, designed to control brown trout through angler removal as part of 

non-native invasive species resource goals. Data from a pilot program will yield preliminary 

information on angler participation, harvest, and retention rates for the Lees Ferry brown trout 

fishery, along with geographic and demographic characteristics of participants. Data should 

allow improved modeling of temporal variability of angler’s catch rates as abundance brown 

trout population varies. 

Suitable statistical models for data analysis are available in the literature and will allow 

estimation of the effects of price incentives on number of trips, catch rates, and retention rates of 

different types of anglers. The work plan proposes a mail survey method, after initial on-site 

contact and standard follow-up protocols for non-responders. 

The researchers working on Element J.2 have a rich research literature to draw upon in survey 

design and statistical analysis. On-site angler contact, good follow-up, and the uniqueness of the 

Lees Ferry brown trout fishing experience should motivate adequate response rates. 

The Work Plan would benefit from being more explicit about the integration of economic 

findings in Element J.1 and Element J.2. Both involve assessment of cost-effectiveness in 

strategies to support native fish. These two elements need to be analyzed in a comparable manner 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 34/123 
and integrated to identify optimal combinations of actions. 

Element J.3 

Element J.3 will identify recreational preferences for flow attributes to support GCDAMP in 

maintaining and improving quality of recreational experiences. Element J.3 focuses on eventtriggered surveys of anglers and whitewater boaters, conducted following respondent 

experiences with specific flow events. Recreationists exposed to the event may be interviewed 

on-site or followed with a mail survey. The ambitious goal is to survey the entire population of 

recreational anglers or whitewater boaters that experience the event. 

Element J.3 reads as the weakest of the three elements in Project J. What metrics will become 

available as a result of this work that can usefully be integrated into operational decisions? 

Given the effort and expense of administering surveys to a selected population of recreationists, 

why not design and administer a survey designed to elicit values along the lines of contingent 

valuation instruments? That would allow comparison of dollar values embedded in different flow 

regimes. Earlier eras of GCD socio-economic research included state of the art valuation 

research. 

As an overall comment related to Project J, the GCDAMP 2021-23 Work Plan does not appear to 

include any work related to regional economic impacts. Such impacts include changes in 

employment and business activity as linked to GCD operations and flow experiments. Changes 

in recreation activity linked to themes explored in Project J would generate regional economic 

impacts through “ripple effects” in the regional economy.

Regional economic impact studies were an important feature of socio-economic work in earlier 

phases of Reclamation assessments related to GCD operations. Such studies deserve emphasis 

given the understandable interest of regional stakeholders in economic impacts in their 

communities. 

Assuming that such studies are currently precluded, it is important to include statements in 2021-

23 Work Plan socio-economic products noting why regional economic impacts are not 

addressed. Arguments readily can be made that regional economic impacts will be trivial in the 

context of brief experiments with GCD operations. Nevertheless, it is useful to keep regional 

economic impact considerations active in the GCD dialogue. 

Regional economic impact analyses are essential to evaluating any long term GCD operational 

changes. It is important to continue to build capacity for these types of studies. Regional 

economic studies provide a direct link between federal resource managing agencies, resources 

users, elected officials, community leaders and the public. 

Criteria b) integration with other projects proposed under Triennial Work Plan 

The Project J Work Plan reads as well-integrated with native and non-native fish research and 

sediment modeling and appears integrated in planning for experiments. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 35/123 
Criteria c) feasibility of accomplishing stated three-year goals and elements of project 

The description of Personnel and Collaborations appears consistent with the work planned. The 

Outcomes and Products are compatible with the work plan description, and include submission 

of manuscripts for peer-reviewed publications 

The list of references is impressive and up to date. 

The Budget for Project J seems modest in light of the work to be performed. Budget notes do 

indicate that recreational surveys will be funded from a separate budget, the Experimental Fund 

related to implementation of experimental flows. 

Criteria d) contributions to adaptive management of resources and experimental and 

management actions prioritized in the 2016 LTEMP Record of Decision 

Project J is an essential component of the GCDAMP 2021-23 Work Plan. Native fish recovery 

and sediment management are key goals of the GCDAMP. Angling and whitewater boating are 

central elements in the regional economy, tied to GCD operations. 

Improved understanding of socio-economic implications of flow experiments undertaken to 

support native fish recovery and sediment management is essential to good working relationships 

between participating federal agencies, stakeholders, and elected officials. 

Project K: Geospatial Science, Data Management and Technology Project 

Science Advisor Summary: (none needed) 

External Review (Dr. Robert Unnasch, Sound Science LLC): 

The challenges of information management in adaptive management programs are far too often 

overlooked because information management is not glamorous nor compelling. However, it is 

really the foundation of any functioning adaptive management program. Long-term programs, 

like the GCDAMP, need to access old data, often years or decades old, in order to understand the 

long-term consequences of their actions. Without effective information management these old 

data are lost, corrupted, or left in formats that become unreadable over time. 

Project K is all about this foundational need of the GCDAMP: the management and sharing of 

the data crucial for adaptive management. As the Project’s Summary and Purpose state, “The

primary purpose of this project is to provide high-level support to GCDAMP-funded science 

efforts in the disciplines of geospatial science, data management, database administration, and 

emerging information technologies.” It is clear from the description of past work and the vision 

of future activities, this team is fully cognizant of the need to maintain existing information while 

providing guidance and support to implement new technologies for data acquisition on long-term 

projects. I found it encouraging that this team has taken the lead within USGS in using current 

cloud-based resources to manage, archive, and share the GCMRC’s data. I have visited a number 

of the resources identified in this proposal and found them some of the best organized and easiest 

to navigate examples of webpages set up to share data. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 36/123 
It is clear that this team is very collaborative and is effectively working with a diversity of 

researchers within the GCMRC and its partners to make their data collection, QA/AC, and 

management as effective and streamlined as possible. This is always a challenge given the 

diversity of information collected – ranging from water quality data, to vegetation community 

data, to remotely sensed imagery. It appears that the team is managing these challenges 

effectively. 

Project L: Overflight Remote Sensing in Support of Long-Term 

Monitoring and LTEMP 

Science Advisor Summary: (none needed) 

External Review (Dr. Robert Unnasch, Sound Science LLC): 

Project L contains a single deliverable, a mosaiced, geo-rectified image of the entire area 

affected by the GCDAMP from the Glen Canyon Dam to Lake Mead. This will be the fourth 

iteration of this work, repeating flights made in 2002, 2009 and 2013. The resulting imagery is 

foundational to much of the research and monitoring done in the canyon and there is every 

reason for this work to be repeated in the next 2-3 years. The team has great experience with this 

work and has developed a well thought-out plan for accomplishing the work. 

The National Geodetic Survey is expecting to complete the revision of both the horizontal and 

vertical datums in 2022. I expect that this change will likely change both the horizontal and 

vertical positioning in this new imagery relative to earlier maps. While these differences will be 

small, they may be significant for some research dependent on very accurate spatial positioning. 

Will the new imagery be re-projected to NAD 83, or will the historical imagery be re-projected 

using the new standards? It is not clear from the Project’s description how the team will deal 

with these differences and so I am not sure if this additional work is built into the budget. 

This may be the last time an aerial based platform is required to get high resolution imagery for 

this mapping work; I expect that within the next several years satellite imagery will have the 

same 20 cm. resolution as that expected from the 2021 flights. For example, SkySat data from 

Planet are now 0.72m multispectral and they expect to improve that to 50cm resolution in the 

next year or two. They have plans to provide even finer resolution over the next several years. 

Other commercial suppliers are on the hunt for similar quality data. It may be far less expensive 

to purchase commercial imagery in the future than pay for overflights. Is there work to be done 

during the next 3 years that would best position GCMRC to make that assessment and allow for 

a transition (if appropriate) in anticipation of a 2028 refresh of this map? 

As noted in the Project’s Summary and Purpose section, the ROD calls for an assessment of the 

impact of dam operation on sandbar resources. However, there does not seem to be a conceptual 

linkage between the work of the Project B team and that of the Project L remote sensing team. 

Remotely sensed data (e.g., structure from motion or LiDAR) collected on a unmanned aerial 

vehicle (UAV) platform could provide an enormous amount of information on sand erosion and 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 37/123 
 

 

 

deposition on key sandbars (e.g., see Gillan et al., 2017)2 and might be more efficient than the 

10-year-old survey methods currently being used. Again, it seems that the next 3 years would be 

an appropriate window to explore updating the sandbar survey methodology. 

Project N: Economic Impacts of Electrical Production at Glen Canyon 

Dam 

Science Advisor Summary: 

Dr. Colby notes that “Project N is an essential component of the GCDAMP 2021-23 

Work Plan. Hydropower and Energy Resources are central elements in the regional 

economy... Improved understanding of socio-economic implications of experiments in 

GCD operations is essential to good working relationships between participating federal 

agencies, stakeholders and elected officials.” The review further notes that “The 2021-23 

Work Plan provides ongoing opportunities to further refine existing socio-economic 

approaches and models to estimate economic effects of operational changes at GCD... 

The operational parameters described in the work plan are well-suited to assessing effects 

of operational changes on the economic value of hydropower.”

At the same time, the review notes that the financial metrics described in the proposal, 

while “...central, and commonly used in decision frameworks related to hydropower 

production and dam operations,” “... are not a complete measure of the economic value 

to society of changes in cost and availability of hydropower and energy resources.” “A 

complete measure would include changes in consumer and producer surplus, measured in 

$/MW and $/MWh, associated with changes in GCD operations. A complete economic 

evaluation would examine changes in regional energy costs attributed to changes in GCD 

operations, and the associated changes in consumer and producer surplus.” Further, the

review notes that the proposal “... does not include work related to regional economic

impacts” such as “... changes in employment and business activity as linked to Work 

Plan activities” “... through ‘ripple effects’ in the regional economy. Studies of this type 

were an important feature of the socio-economic work in earlier phases of Reclamation 

assessments related to GCD operations, given the understandable interest of regional 

stakeholders in this type of economic impacts.” The review suggests ways in which the

proposal might address these matters in the short term, and how the GCDAMP might 

address them over the longer term. 

External Review (Dr. Bonnie Colby): 

Overview 

This review assesses Project N in the context of general goals for priority resources established 

in LTEMP and ROD, and on four criteria provided to reviewers [see Appendix I]. 

2

Gillan, Jeffrey & Karl, Jason & Elaksher, Ahmed & Duniway, Michael. (2017). Fine-Resolution Repeat 

Topographic Surveying of Dryland Landscapes Using UAS-Based Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry: 

Assessing Accuracy and Precision against Traditional Ground-Based Erosion Measurements. Remote Sensing. 9. 

437. 10.3390/rs9050437. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 38/123 
The reviewer identified the following general goals for priority resources as particularly 

applicable to Project N: 

• Hydropower and Energy. Maintain or increase Glen Canyon Dam electric energy 

generation, load following capability, and ramp rate capability, and minimize emissions 

and costs to the greatest extent practicable, consistent with improvement and long-term 

sustainability of downstream resources. 

• Natural Processes. Restore, to the extent practicable, ecological patterns and processes 

(including aquatic nutrient cycles and food web dynamics) within their range of natural 

variability, including the natural abundance, diversity, and genetic and ecological 

integrity of the plant and animal species native to those ecosystems. 

The four criteria provided to reviewers are used to structure comments on Project N. 

Criteria a) clarity and scientific quality of the proposal consistent with need to assess 

resource status and trends, effects of experimental and management actions, and other 

potential drivers and constraints. 

Project N is written to be highly adaptive in nature, with many details of the work plan still to be 

identified. This is understandable as Project N considers effects on Hydropower and Energy 

Resources of operational experiments (yet to be fully designed) to improve hydropower and 

energy resources; as well as experiments to be undertaken to assess effects on other resources 

and which may also affect Hydropower and Energy Resources. 

Experiments to improve hydropower and energy resources may involve changes in ramp rates, 

daily flow range, fluctuating flow factors, and monthly volume patterns; all of which can affect 

other priority resources, and all of which can have various socio-economic effects. 

Tight coordination will be necessary to anticipate and assess downstream resource effects of 

experiments to improve hydropower and energy resources; and to provide adequate and timely 

monitoring in order to evaluate validity of predictive models to assess downstream resource 

effects. 

The 2021-23 Work Plan provides ongoing opportunities to further refine existing socioeconomic approaches and models to estimate economic effects of operational changes at GCD. 

The operational parameters described in the work plan are well-suited to assessing effects of 

operational changes on the economic value of hydropower. Standard metrics to be reported 

include: generating capacity (MW); generating energy (MWh); weekly range of MWh generated; 

range of changes in ramp rate; and daily flow variation. 

The financial metrics described in Work Plan ($/MW and $/MWh) are central, and commonly 

used in decision frameworks related to hydropower production and dam operations. However, it 

is important to note in all GCDAMP reports utilizing these metrics that they are not a complete 

measure of the economic value to society of changes in cost and availability of hydropower and 

energy resources. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 39/123 
A complete measure would include changes in consumer and producer surplus, measured in 

$/MW and $/MWh, associated with changes in GCD operations. A complete economic 

evaluation would examine changes in regional energy costs attributed to changes in GCD 

operations, and the associated changes in consumer and producer surplus. 

Arguments can be made that this more complete modeling approach is not warranted to examine 

effects of brief experiments that affect hydropower and energy resources. However, the 

consumer surplus and producer surplus measures are essential when long-term GCD operational 

changes are contemplated. In fact, analyzing changes in regional energy costs attributed to 

changes in GCD operations, with associated changes in consumer and producer surplus, would 

be a centerpiece of evaluating longer term operational change to optimize hydropower and 

energy resources. Project N, to the degree possible, should continue the long-term effort to refine 

this more comprehensive modeling capacity. 

Along similar lines, the GCDAMP 2021-23 Work Plan does not include work related to regional 

economic impacts. Regional economic impacts include changes in employment and business 

activity as linked to Work Plan activities. 

Changes in the financial metrics of $/MW and $/MWh would be associated with regional 

economic impacts through “ripple effects” in the regional economy. Studies of this type were an 

important feature of the socio-economic work in earlier phases of Reclamation assessments 

related to GCD operations, given the understandable interest of regional stakeholders in this type 

of economic impacts. 

It is valuable to include a statement in 2021-23 Work Plan socio-economic products noting why 

regional economic impacts are not addressed or estimated. An argument can be made that they 

will be trivial in the context of brief experiments in GCD operations and effects on hydropower 

and energy. 

Nevertheless, it is useful to keep regional economic impact considerations active in the GCD 

dialogue. Regional economic impact analyses are essential to evaluating any long term GCD 

operational changes and it is important to continue to build capacity for these types of studies. 

Regional economic studies provide a direct link between federal resource managing agencies, 

resources users, elected officials, community leaders and the public. 

Criteria b) integration with other projects proposed under Triennial Work Plan 

The Project N Work Plan is not specific in regard to integration, given its adaptive nature. 

The Work Plan indicates that Project N work related to Hydropower and Energy Resources will 

be consistent with improvement and long-term sustainability of downstream resources. 

Criteria c) feasibility of accomplishing stated three-year goals and elements of project 

The description of Personnel and Collaborations appears consistent with the work planned. The 

Outcomes and Products are compatible with the work plan description. 

The list of references goes back to the 1990s. However, it is not clear that the reference list is upExternal Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 40/123 
to-date on the latest work relevant to Project N themes and GCDAMP. 

The Budget for Project N is modest in light of the work to be performed. 

Criteria d) contributions to adaptive management of resources and experimental and 

management actions prioritized in the 2016 LTEMP Record of Decision 

Project N is an essential component of the GCDAMP 2021-23 Work Plan. Hydropower and 

Energy Resources are central elements in the regional economy. 

Improved understanding of socio-economic implications of experiments in GCD operations is 

essential to good working relationships between participating federal agencies, stakeholders and 

elected officials. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 41/123 
Appendix I: Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program, 

Independent Review Panel Prospectus, Review of Draft FY 2021-23 

Triennial Work Plan 

Introduction 

Glen Canyon Dam, operated by the Bureau of Reclamation, is located on the Colorado River 

above Glen Canyon, Marble Canyon, and the Grand Canyon. The dam generates substantial 

hydroelectric power for Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and 

Nebraska. The dam also controls water levels in Lake Powell, a key component of the Colorado 

River Storage Project, which distributes river water to Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, 

Arizona, Nevada, California, and Mexico. 

The Secretary of the Interior established the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program 

(GCDAMP) in 1996 to provide an organization and process for adaptive management of dam 

operations, including monitoring and research, to sustain and improve the values for which 

Congress established Grand Canyon National Park and the Glen Canyon National Recreation 

Area. Dam operations and related actions affect river hydrology, sediment dynamics, 

temperature and chemistry, food web dynamics, and aquatic and riparian species and 

communities, compounded by the impacts of introduced species. These complex interactions in 

turn affect recreation and its role in the local economy, and Native American cultural resources 

and associated values in the canyons. Experimental and management actions for the GCDAMP 

also can affect the timing and magnitude of hydropower generation and associated revenues. 

The current activities of the GCDAMP are governed by the twenty-year “Glen Canyon Dam 

Long-Term Experimental and Management Plan” [LTEMP], approved in a Record of Decision 

by the Secretary of the Interior (http://ltempeis.anl.gov/documents/docs/LTEMP_ROD.pdf) in 

December 2016. On a finer timescale, the GCDAMP plans its activities on a three-year cycle in 

the form of a Triennial Work Plan and is currently developing its Triennial Work Plan for FY 

2021-2023. 

The Independent Review Panel covered by this Prospectus will review the research and 

monitoring projects proposed for this next Triennial Work Plan for the Bureau of Reclamation, 

which manages the GCDAMP, and the U.S. Geological Survey Grand Canyon Monitoring and 

Research Center (GCMRC), the science provider for the program. The review will also provide 

guidance to the GCDAMP Adaptive Management Working Group (AMWG) and its Technical 

Work Group (TWG) for their own reviews of the draft proposal. Additional, comprehensive 

information on the GCDAMP is available at http://gcdamp.com. 

This review is being conducted by the GCDAMP Science Advisor for the Bureau of 

Reclamation. The Science Advisor, a contractor to the Bureau, conducts external peer reviews 

and other advisory tasks for the program concerning monitoring and research methods, priorities, 

integration, and management of natural, cultural, and recreational resources affected by dam 

operations and related actions. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 42/123 
Key Expectations of the Long-Term Experimental and Management Plan 

Every project in the Triennial Work Plan aims to address the goals and schedule of the 2016 

LTEMP. Your review of each proposed project will help evaluate whether it meets this 

overarching need. 

The following paragraphs summarize the goals of the 2016 LTEMP, as crucial background 

information for understanding and reviewing the individual proposals. Reviewers are encouraged 

to read (at least selectively) the LTEMP Record of Decision (see link on page 1, above); and an 

associated “Scientific Monitoring Plan in Support of the Selected Alternative of the Glen Canyon 

Dam Long-Term Experimental and Management Plan” (USGS Open-File Report 2017–1006), a 

copy of which accompanies this prospectus. 

The LTEMP and Record of Decision establish general goals for eleven priority resources, as 

follows (in the order they are listed in the Record of Decision): 

12. Archaeological and Cultural Resources. Maintain the integrity of potentially affected 

NRHP (National Register of Historic Places)-eligible or listed historic properties in place, 

where possible, with preservation methods employed on a site-specific basis. 

13. Natural Processes. Restore, to the extent practicable, ecological patterns and processes 

(including aquatic nutrient cycles and food web dynamics) within their range of natural 

variability, including the natural abundance, diversity, and genetic and ecological 

integrity of the plant and animal species native to those ecosystems. 

14. Humpback Chub. Meet humpback chub recovery goals, including maintaining a selfsustaining population, spawning habitat, and aggregations in the Colorado River and its 

tributaries below the Glen Canyon Dam. 

15. Hydropower and Energy. Maintain or increase Glen Canyon Dam electric energy 

generation, load following capability, and ramp rate capability, and minimize emissions 

and costs to the greatest extent practicable, consistent with improvement and long-term 

sustainability of downstream resources. 

16. Other Native Fish. Maintain self-sustaining native fish species populations and their 

habitats in their natural ranges on the Colorado River and its tributaries. 

17. Recreational Experience. Maintain and improve the quality of recreational experiences 

for the users of the Colorado River Ecosystem. Recreation includes, but is not limited to, 

flatwater and whitewater boating, river corridor camping, and angling in Glen Canyon. 

18. Sediment. Increase and retain fine sediment volume, area, and distribution in the Glen, 

Marble, and Grand Canyon reaches above the elevation of the average base flow for 

ecological, cultural, and recreational purposes. 

19. Tribal Resources. Maintain the diverse values and resources of traditionally associated 

Tribes along the Colorado River corridor through Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons. 

20. Rainbow Trout Fishery. Achieve a healthy high-quality recreational rainbow trout fishery 

in Glen Canyon and reduce or eliminate downstream trout migration consistent with NPS 

fish management and Endangered Species Act compliance. 

21. Nonnative Invasive Species. Minimize or reduce the presence and expansion of aquatic 

nonnative invasive species. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 43/123 
22. Riparian Vegetation. Maintain native vegetation and wildlife habitat, in various stages of 

maturity, such that they are diverse, healthy, productive, self-sustaining, and ecologically 

appropriate. 

The LTEMP calls for the adaptive management of these resources through eleven types of 

experimental and management actions (in alphabetical order)3: 

• Fall high-flow experiments consisting of dam releases ≤ 45,000 cfs in October or

November with > 96‐hr duration 

• Fall high-flow experiments consisting of dam releases ≤ 45,000 cfs in October or

November with < 96‐hr duration 

• Humpback chub translocation 

• Larval humpback chub head-start program 

• Macroinvertebrate production flows 

• Mechanical removal of invasive fish species (since expanded to a wider array of methods 

for controlling invasive fish species) 

• Mechanical removal of rainbow trout from the Little Colorado River reach (the Colorado 

River immediately up- and downstream from the Little Colorado River inflow) 

• Spring high-flow experiments consisting of dam releases ≤ 45,000 cfs in April, May, or 

June 

• Spring high-flow experiments consisting of dam releases ≤ 45,000 cfs in March or April

• Riparian vegetation restoration 

• Trout management flows consisting of dam releases designed to control trout spawning 

success 

 

The LTEMP and its Record of Decision call for the Bureau of Reclamation, the National Park 

Service, and the GCMRC to conduct monitoring and research to develop information to address 

three broad spheres of knowledge for each of the eleven priority resources: 

• Status and Trend: How should the condition of each resource be tracked; how does this 

condition vary over time and space; how closely do conditions approach management 

objectives; and are there trends toward or away from management objectives? 

• LTEMP Experimental and Management Actions: How do the LTEMP experimental and 

management actions affect resource status and trends; how strong (in magnitude and 

predictability) are these effects; how well understood are the reasons for these effects; 

and how do interactions among the experimental and management actions affect their 

outcomes? 

• Drivers and Constraints: What other factors, including environmental factors and 

antecedent conditions, human actions, and routine dam operations also affect resource 

status and trends and the outcomes of the experimental and management actions; and 

how strong are these effects? 

3 The LTEMP also includes provisions for summer low-flow experiments but only during the second decade of 

implementation. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 44/123 
Review Specifics 

The present review addresses thirteen proposed research and monitoring projects in the Triennial 

Work Plan (the review does not cover Project M, GCMRC Administration): 

• Project A: Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport and Budgeting 

• Project B: Sandbar and Sediment Storage Monitoring and Research 

• Project C: Riparian Vegetation Monitoring and Research 

• Project D: Effects of Dam Operations and Vegetation Management on Archaeological 

Sites 

• Project E. Controls on Ecosystem Productivity: Nutrients, Flow, and Temperature 

• Project F: Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology 

• Project G: Humpback Chub Population Dynamics 

• Project H: Humpback Salmonid Research and Monitoring Project 

• Project I: Warm-water Native and Non-Native Fish Monitoring and Research 

• Project J: Socioeconomic Research 

• Project K: Geospatial Science, Data Management and Technology Project 

• Project L: Overflight Remote Sensing in Support of Long-Term Monitoring and LTEMP 

• Project N: Economic Impacts of Electrical Production at Glen Canyon Dam 

Each project consists of one or more project “elements.” Abstracts for these thirteen projects are 

provided in the accompanying document, “U.S. Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring 

and Research Center, Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Triennial Budget & Work Plan, 

Fiscal Years 2021-2023, Preliminary Draft” (April 1, 2020). However, as of April 22, 2020, the 

plans for Project N are presently undergoing significant revision and will look more like the 

plans for the project in the last Triennial Work Plan, which can be found here: 

https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2017-09-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf. 

Each reviewer is asked to review one or more of these projects in their respective areas of 

expertise, looking at (a) the clarity and scientific quality of the proposal consistent with the goals 

established by the 2016 LTEMP Record of Decision and the need to assess resource status and 

trends, the effects of experimental and management actions, and potential other drivers and 

constraints; (b) integration with other projects proposed under the Triennial Work Plan; (c) the 

feasibility of accomplishing the stated three-year goals and elements of each project; (d) 

contributions to the adaptive management of the resources and the experimental and 

management actions prioritized in the 2016 LTEMP Record of Decision (as subsequently 

expanded to include other methods for controlling invasive species. 

Review Schedule and Format 

The GCMRC and Bureau of Reclamation presently (as of April 22, 2020) plan to deliver the 

draft project proposals to the Science Advisor – and through him to you – on or by Friday, May 

18, with your review returned to the Science Advisor on or by Monday, June 8. The draft 

proposal for each project will be approximately 20 pages long or less (plus references). 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 45/123 
There is no standard format for your review. However, we would prefer to receive it in the form 

of a Microsoft Word document with minimal formatting. Sound Science staff will provide basic 

technical editing, and the Science Advisor may send a marked-up copy back with questions for 

clarification (if any) for quick turnaround. The Science Advisor is also responsible for preparing 

a summary of the key points of every review and will share a draft of this summary with every 

reviewer to make sure it accurately captures these key points. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 46/123 
 

 

 

Appendix II: Curriculum Vitae of Colby, Bonnie G., Ph.D. 

Bonnie G. Colby, Ph.D. 

Professor of Agricultural & Resource Economics 

The University of Arizona 

AREAS OF PROFESSIONAL EXPERTISE 

Water, Energy, Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics 

Economics of Water Policy, Water Transactions, Litigation and Negotiations 

Resource Economics Trainings for Attorneys, Engineers, Public Officials, Stakeholders 

EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT 

B.S. Agricultural Economics, University of CaliforniaDavis, 1978 Ph.D. Agricultural Economics, University of 

Wisconsin-Madison, 1983 

Major Field: Natural Resource Economics 

1983 - present Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, The University of Arizona. 

Teaching and research in agricultural and natural resource 

economics. 

HONORS, AWARDS AND DISTINGUISHED OUTREACH (selected examples) 

Warren Hall Medal awarded for distinguished water research, public service and enduring 

contribution to knowledge and the public good. Universities Council on Water Resources, 2015 

Appointed to blue ribbon panel of experts, Colorado River Research Group, 2015 -21 

Invited testimony on water banking before the State of Colorado Legislature, 

Water Resources Committee, October, 2013; August, 2014 

Invited testimony on policies to govern water trading, Western Governors 

Association, November, 2011, on Colorado Water Plan, 2015-16 

Distinguished Scholar Award, Western Agricultural Economics 

Association, 2007 Lead Economist, Kinship Conservation Leadership 

Training Program, 2007-10 

Faculty, Kennedy School of Government, Executive Training Program in 

Environmental Economics, Harvard University, 2000-01 

Faculty for Dividing the Waters; program providing specialized resource economics 

training for federal and state judges and water masters, 1999- 2002. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 47/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Invited testimony on water trading before the U.S. Senate Energy and Natural 

Resources Committee on water policy, June 1994 

Outstanding Research Scientist Award, University of Arizona College of Agriculture, 1990 

ECONOMICS TRAININGS PROVIDED FOR PROFESSIONAL GROUPS (examples): 

Regional Economies & How They Work, workshops for public officials & agency staff, 

Colorado. 

Water and Energy Economics, foundation-supported workshops for high school 

and community college economics teachers 

Water Banking and Regional Economies, workshops for public officials & 

stakeholders, Lower Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico, sponsored by NM Office 

State Engineer 

Kinship Conservation Fellows, month-long training for international 

conservation professionals Kennedy School of Government, Executive 

Training Program in Environmental Economics Environmental Economics 

for Public Land Managers, BLM National Training Center 

Dividing the Waters, resource economics training for federal and state judges and water 

masters 

PUBLICATIONS (selected examples, peer-reviewed publications) 

Isaaks R. and B. Colby, “Empirical Application of Rubinstein Bargaining

Model in Western Water Transactions”, Water Economics and Policy, 

forthcoming, 2020. 

Colby, B. and R. Isaaks Water Trading: Adaptation, Innovations and Modeling, 

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education, January, 2019. 

E. Kendy, B. Aylward, L. Ziemer, B. Richter, B Colby, T. Grantham, L Sanchez, 

W Dicharry, E. Powell, S. Martin, P. Culp, L. Szeptycki, and C. Kappel. “Water 

Transactions for Streamflow Restoration, Water Supply Reliability, and Rural 

Economic Vitality in the Western United States" Journal of the American Water 

Resources Association, February, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12619. 

Colby, B. and R. Young, Tribal Innovations in Western Water Management, 

Western Economics Forum, May, 2018 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 48/123 
 

 

 

 

 

Deol, S. and B.G. Colby, Economies of Tribal Nations: Water Rights, 

Agriculture and Gaming, Journal of Contemporary Water Research and 

Education, April, 2018. 

Andrew Clarke, Bonnie Colby and Gary Thompson, Seasonal Elasticities of 

Household Water Demand: Application of the Stone-Geary Model Under an 

Increasing Block Rate Structure, Land Economics, Vol 93: 603-630, November, 

2017. 

Bonnie Colby, Water Linkages beyond the Farm Gate: Implications for 

Agriculture, Federal Reserve Bank Economic Review, November, 2016. 

Bonnie Colby, “Water Trading Innovations: Reducing Agricultural Consumptive

Use to Improve Adaptation to Scarcity,” chapter in Competition for Water 

Resources: Experiences and Management Approaches in the US and Europe, 

edited by Jadwiga Ziolkowska and Jeffrey Peterson, Elsevier Publishing, 2016 

Dari Duval and Bonnie Colby, “Colorado River Flows and the Fisheries

Economy of the Upper Gulf of California”, Ecological Engineering, 2016. 

Ashley Kerna, Bonnie Colby, and Francisco Zamora, Valuing Environmental 

Flows in Mexico’s Colorado River Delta, Water Economics and Policy, 

December, 2016. 

Bonnie Colby, George Frisvold and Matthew Mealy, “Reallocating Climate Risks 

Through Water Trading”, Chapter 16 in Handbook of Water Economics, James 

Roumasset, editor, Springer-Verlag Co 2015. 

Bonnie Colby, “Innovative Water Transactions to Meet Urban and Environmental 

Demands in the Face of Climate Change” Chapter 10 in Innovations in Water 

Markets, William Easter, editor, Springer book series on Global Issues in Water 

Policy, 2014. 

Elizabeth Schuster and Bonnie Colby, “Farm & Ecological Resilience to Water 

Supply Variability,” Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education, 

Issue 151, August, 2013 pages 70-83. 

Bhagyam Chandrasekharan and Bonnie Colby, “Electricity Load Forecasting 

Improvements as a Climate Change Adaptation”, Journal of Natural Resources 

Policy Research, 2013. 

Rosalind H. Bark, Daniel E. Osgood, Bonnie G. Colby, and Eve B. Halper, 

“How Do Homebuyers Value Different Types of Green Space?”Journal of 

Agricultural and Resource Economics 36(2):395–415, 2011 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 49/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Colby, B.and G. Frisvold, Risk and Resilience: The Economics Of ClimateWater-Energy Challenges In The Arid Southwest, Resources for the Future Press, 

2011. 

Jones L & BG Colby. Farmer Participation in Temporary Irrigation 

Forbearance: Portfolio Risk Management. Rural Connections: 43-48, 2010. 

Basta, E and B Colby, "Water Market Trends: Transactions, Quantities, and 

Prices," The Appraisal Journal, Winter 2010, volume 78, number 1, p 50-

66. 

Bark R.H., Colby B.G. and Dominguez F. Snow Days? Snowmaking adaptation 

and the future of low latitude, high elevation skiing in Arizona, USA. Climatic 

Change, 2009. 

Colby, Bonnie, “Water Management in Urbanizing, Arid Regions: Innovative

Voluntary Transactions As a Response to Competing Water Claims ”, Chapter 4

in Policy and Strategic Behaviour in Water Resource Management, Arial Dinar 

and Jose Albiac, editors, Ashgate Publishing, 2009. 

Bark-Hodgins, D Osgood, b. Colby et al. “Habitat Preservation and Restoration: 

Preferences for Habitat Quality”, Ecological Economics, 2008. 

Colby, Bonnie and J Pullen, “Influence of Climate Variability on the Market

Price of Water in the Gila-San Francisco Basin.” Journal of Agricultural and 

Resource Economics, December, 2008. 

Colby, B.G. and Kathy Jacobs, Water Policy for Urbanizing Arid Regions, 

Resources for the Future Press, 2006. 

Thorson, J., S. Britton and B. Colby, Tribal Water Conflicts: Essays in 

Law, Economics and Policy, University of Arizona Press, 2006. 

Colby, B.G., John Thorson and Sarah Britton. Negotiations Over Tribal Water 

Rights. University of Arizona Press, 2005. 

Colby, B.G. and P. Orr, “Economic Tradeoffs in Preserving Riparian Habitat”,

Natural Resources Journal, 2005. 

Colby, B.G. and E. Smith-Incer, “Visitors Values of Local Economic

Impacts of Riparian Habitat Preservation”, Journal of American Water 

Resources Assoc., 41:709-717, 2005. 

McCann, L. and Colby, B.G “Transaction Cost Measurement Related to 

Environmental and Natural Resource Policies”, Ecological Economics, 2005. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 50/123 
Colby, B.G. “Cap-and-Trade Policy Challenges: A Tale of Three Markets”,

Source: Land Economics, Vol. 76, No. 4 (Nov., 2000), pp. 638-658 

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Appendix III: Curriculum Vitae of Dixon, Mark D., Ph.D. 

Mark D. Dixon, Ph.D. 

Professor 

Department of Biology 

University of South Dakota 

EDUCATION 

Institution Area of Specialization Degree Year Earned 

University of Wisconsin- Zoology (Landscape Ph.D. 2001 

Madison Ecology) 

South Dakota State University Wildlife Biology M.S. 1994 

Virginia Tech University Zoology -- --

Iowa State University Animal Ecology B.S. 1987 

PREVIOUS PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 

Institution Position/Title Dates 

University of South Dakota Professor 2018-present 

University of South Dakota Associate Professor 2012-2018 

University of South Dakota Assistant Professor 2006-2012 

Phoenix College Residential Faculty (full time) F 2005-Sp 

2006 

Arizona State University Postdoctoral Researcher 2001-2006 

Mesa Community College Adjunct Faculty (Instructor) F 2004 

University of Wisconsin - Graduate Research Assistant Su 2001 

Madison Graduate Teaching Assistant 1997-1998 

South Dakota State University Research Assistant (full time) 1990-1992 & 

1994-1996 

I. SPECIAL HONORS AND RECOGNITIONS 

Faculty 

President’s Award for Research Excellence: Early-Mid Career Faculty, USD (Nov. 2012) 

Arts and Sciences Travel Grant, College of Arts and Sciences, USD (Feb. 2015) 

USD Research Catalyst Award (Fiscal Year 2007, $4000) 

Graduate 

NASA-MSU Professional Enhancement Award (student travel award for 2001 IALE national 

meeting) 

John T. Emlen Research Award, Dept. Zoology, University of Wisconsin (2001) 

EPA Science to Achieve Results Graduate Fellow (1998-2001) 

Wisconsin Alumni Foundation (WARF) Graduate Fellow (1996-97) 

National Science Foundation Graduate Fellow (1988-89, 1992-93) 

Undergraduate 

Iowa State University Scholarship for Excellence ($10,000) 

Rice Estate Advanced Curriculum Scholarship ($1000) 

Outdoor Writers of America Scholarship ($1400) 

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“Ding” Darling Scholarship (Animal Ecology Dept., Iowa State University) ($500)

W.H. Brown Scholarship (Iowa Ornithologists Union) ($2000) 

Highest ranking graduate in Animal Ecology Dept., Iowa State University 

Dean’s List all semesters

Iowa State University Honors Program, graduated with Honors 

II. TEACHING AND ADVISING 

A. Courses taught 

A1. General Course Schedule at USD (Current) 

BIOL 311 & 311L Principles of Ecology (and Every fall semester 

Lab) 

BIOL/ESCI 442/542 Introduction to River Studies Fall semesters, odd years 

BIOL 408/508, Landscape Ecology Spring semesters, even years 

408L/508L 

BIOL 720/720L Biostatistics (Graduate) Spring semesters, odd years 

BIOL 490 Senior Seminar As needed 

BIOL 498 Undergraduate Research As needed 

BIOL 792 Topics As needed 

Past Courses at USD 

BIOL 420/520, Intro. Biostatistics (and Lab) 10 times 

420L/520L 

BIOL 280L Inquiry & Analysis in Bio 1 time 

(Lab) 

BIOL 417/517, Field Ecology 2 times 

417L/517L 

IDEA 410 Missouri River Science & 1 time 

Ecosystem Management 

ESCI/ELED/SEED 492 Topics: Science, Culture, 1 time 

History of the Missouri River 

Courses Taught at Other Institutions (prior to USD) 

BIO 100 (Phoenix College) – Biol. Concepts ~75 stud./sem. (2 lecture, 3 lab sections), 

F2005-Sp2006 

BIO 105 (Mesa Community College) – Environmental Biology ~12 students (lecture and 

lab), F2004 

B. Grants or applications for grants to support teaching or advising: None 

C. Graduate Student and Post-Doc Mentoring 

C.1 Post-doctoral Supervisor (n=1) 

Christopher Merkord (2011-2014) 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 53/123 
C.2 M.S. or Ph.D. Supervisor (*indicates completed) (n=19) 

Nadeesha Illeperuma (Ph.D.), 2019-present 

Amena Ruma (M.S.), 2018-present 

Stephanie Nefas (Ph.D., co-advised), 2018-present 

Reza Goljani A. (Ph.D., co-advised), 2017-present 

Amanda Hegg (M.S., co-advised), 2017-present 

*Nadeesha Illeperuma (M.S.), 2017-2019 

*Catherine Beall (M.S.), 2016-2019 

*Rebekah Jessen (M.S.), 2007-2016 

*Victoria Danzeisen (M.S.), 2012-2014 

*James Robertson (M.S.), 2012-2016 

*Christopher Boever (M.S.), 2012-2016 

*Eszter Munes (M.S., co-advised), 2012-2014 

*Alex Cahlander-Mooers (M.S.), 2012-2015 

Wesley Christensen (M.S./M.A.), 2010-2014 (did not finish) 

Elizabeth Hill (M.S.), 2010-2012 (did not finish) 

*Danielle Quist (M.S., co-advised), 2009-2014 

*Matthew Ley (M.S.), 2009-2012 

*Adam Benson (M.S., co-advised), 2008-2011 

*Lisa Yager (M.S., co-advised), 2008-2010 

Caleb Caton (M.S.), 2007-2013 (did not finish) 

Completed M.S. Theses for Students Supervised (n=12) 

Beall, Catherine C. 2019. Recent Expansion of Native Woody Vegetation within the 

Lewis and Clark Reservoir Delta. 

Illeperuma, Nadeesha. 2019. Historical Patterns and Impacts of 2011 Flood on Redcedar 

Distribution along the Missouri River. 

Jessen, Rebekah. 2016. Understory Vegetation Patterns in Riparian Forest Stands along 

the 59-Mile Segment of the Missouri National Recreational River. 

Danzeisen, Victoria L. 2016. Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) Recruitment in Response 

to a Large Infrequent Disturbance on a Regulated River: a Missouri River Case 

Study. 77 pp. 

Robertson, James M. 2016. Assessment and Management of Hybrid Aspen Stands 

(Populus xsmithii) in the Niobrara River Valley of Northwest Nebraska. 76 pp. 

Boever, Christopher J. 2016. Effects of the 2011 Flood on Floodplain Vegetation along 

the Missouri River. 186 pp. 

Cahlander-Mooers, Alex. 2015. Classification and Mapping of Riparian Forest along 

the White River in South Dakota. 196 pp. 

Quist, Danielle J. 2014. Historical Changes and Impacts of the 2011 Flood on Channel 

Complexity on the Missouri River. 230 pp. 

Munes, Eszter C. 2014. Response of Bird Communities to the 2011 Missouri River 

Flood. 124 pp. 

Ley, Matthew J. 2012. Riparian Forest Vegetation Patterns and Historic Channel 

Dynamics of the Big Sioux River, South Dakota. 185 pp. 

Benson, Adam R. 2011. Effects of Forest Type and Age Class on Songbird Populations 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 54/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

across a Cottonwood Successional Gradient along the Missouri River. 49 pp. 

Yager, Lisa A. 2010. Historic Changes and Water Quality Characteristics of OffChannel Habitats on the 59-Mile Segment of the Missouri National Recreational 

River (MNRR). 141 pp. 

C.3 Ph.D. Dissertation committees (*indicates completed) (n=16) 

USD: Lauren Maestas*, Gretchen Newberry*, Drew Davis*, Kristopher Pitcher*, 

Rachel Demots, Aaron Gregor, Ming Liu*, Erica Mize*, Lynn Riley*, Philip 

Jones*, Colleen Lynch, Amanda Ervin*, Nathan Thomas*, Kaitlyn Campbell, Anna 

Kase, Jacinda Maassen (Sustainability) 

Other: Malia Volke* (South Dakota State University), *Samantha Greene 

(University of Wisconsin, Geography) 

C.4 M.S. Thesis committees (*indicates completed) (n=11) 

USD: Eva Soluk*, Spencer Siddons*, Amber Furness*, Alice Millikin*, Bridget 

Jacobs*, Emily Blas*, Amy West, Bradley Frazier (Sustainability), Rayhan 

Hossain* (Chemistry), Naleeka Malwattage, Ryan Dunbeck 

Other: Substitute on thesis defense for Donna Shorrock* (Arizona State University, 

2005) 

D. Non-classroom teaching 

D.1 Mentor for Undergraduate Research: 

Kim Magnuson (Spring 2019) 

Jedidiah Jacobson (Fall 2018 – Spring 2019) 

Jacob Myers (Summer 2019) – NSF-REU program (co-advised with D. Swanson) 

Sierra Rider (Summer 2019) – NSF-REU program (co-advised with D. Swanson) 

Dakota Swisher (Summer 2018) – NSF-REU program (co-advised with D. 

Swanson) 

Leah Bayer (Summer 2018) – NSF-REU program (co-advised with D. Swanson) 

Sebastian Ruiz (Summer 2017) – NSF-REU program (co-advised with D. Swanson) 

Geoffrey Gray-Lobe (Summer 2017) – NSF-REU program (co-advised with D. 

Swanson) 

Ben Mueggenberg (Spring 2013) 

Eric Dressing (Spring 2010) 

Adam DeZotell (Spring 2008) 

Jordan Hamman (Spring 2008) 

Drew Price (Summer 2007) – USD U.Discover Undergraduate Fellow 

D.2 Undergraduate Honors Thesis committee (* indicates chaired committee) 

Jedidiah Jacobson (2018-2019)* 

Rachel Johannsen (2015-2017) 

Theresa Barnes (2015-2018) 

Ruth Wetzel (Earth Science, 2012-2014) 

Genevieve Dailey (2011) 

Felicia Barnes (2009) 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 55/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Completed Honors Theses for Students Supervised (n=1) 

Jacobson, Jedidiah. 2019. A Dendrochronological Assessment of Cottonwood and Willow 

Growth along the Missouri River 

E. Advising: 

~15-25 undergraduate students per semester (Spring 2007 – present) 

See also graduate student and post-doctoral mentoring (above) 

II. RESEARCH/CREATIVE ACTIVITY 

A. Research Publications (refereed journal articles, book chapters, and published 

reports) 

Criteria: Co-authorship indicates significant intellectual and/or technical contributions to an 

article originating from a collaborative research effort. In most cases, order of authorship is a 

rough indicator of relative importance of contribution to the paper. 

IF = Impact Factor of Journal for 2016 (or most recent journal year). 

Total Times Cited (in Web of Science) in brackets [ ] as of 2017 

Total # Citations: 1,398 for 46 articles (Web of Science) or 2,469 (Publish or Perish / Google 

Scholar, includes Dissertation). Reflects totals for career, as of 5-9-2020. 

h-index = 20 (Web of Science) or 24 (Publish or Perish / Google Scholar), the latter includes 

reports, book chapters, etc. not included in Web of Science (as of 5-9-2020) 

Researcher ID: F-2641-2011, ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0345-5655 

*Indicates USD graduate student collaborator 

A1. Manuscripts in Preparation (submission expected within 1-2 months) (n = 2) 

Beall, C.C, M.D. Dixon, M.R. Sweeney, N. Illeperuma, and W.C. Johnson (in prep.) Colonization 

of woody vegetation on a Missouri River reservoir delta. 

Goljani-Amirkhiz, R., M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson (in prep.) Investigating niches and 

distribution of rare species in a hierarchical framework: Virginia’s Warbler (Leiothlypis 

virginiae) at its northeastern range limit. 

A2. Submitted Manuscripts in Review or in Revision (not yet published) (n = 3) 

Baltensperger, A.P., M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson. (In review.) Implications of future climateand land-change scenarios on grassland bird abundance and biodiversity in the Upper 

Missouri River Basin. Landscape Ecology (Provided detailed review and input on 

manuscript). 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 56/123 
 

 

 

Swanson, D.L., R. Goljani Amirkhiz, and M.D. Dixon. (In press). The changing status of winter 

passerines in the Northern Prairie: are recent records associated with warmer winters? 

Prairie Naturalist, 51. 

Broadbent, C.D., D.S. Brookshire, D. Goodrich, M.D. Dixon, L.A. Brand, and J. Thacher (In 

review). Developing Ecological Endpoints for Valuation of Semi-Arid Riparian 

Ecosystem Services. Environmental Management (Provided input on manuscript, assisted 

with original scenario development and GIS graphics). 

A3. Peer Reviewed Publications Published (Whole Career) (total n=49, n=30 at USD) 

Wesner, J., D.L. Swanson, M.D. Dixon, D.A. Soluk, D.J. Quist, L.A. Yager, J. Warmbold, E. 

Oddy, and T. Seidel. 2020. Loss of potential aquatic-terrestrial subsidies along the 

Missouri River floodplain. Ecosystems 23(1):111-123. 

Volke, M.A., W.C. Johnson, M.D. Dixon, and M.L. Scott. 2019. Emerging reservoir deltabackwaters: biophysical dynamics and riparian biodiversity. Ecological Monographs 

89(3(Article e01363)):1-22. 

Robertson, J.M., A.R. Cahlander-Mooers, C.H. Summers, and M.D. Dixon. 2019. Population 

condition of Populus x smithii, a Pleistocene relict aspen of the Niobrara River Valley, 

Nebraska, USA. Natural Areas Journal 39(3):286-296. (Graduate advisor for J. 

Robertson, reviewed and assisted with writing, ran some of statistical analyses, assisted 

with some of field work). 

Boever, C.J., M.D. Dixon, W.C. Johnson, M.L. Scott, and T.P. Malloy, Jr. 2019. Effects of a 

large flood on woody vegetation along the regulated Missouri River, USA. Ecohydrology 

12(1): e2045. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2045. (Graduate advisor for C. Boever and PI on 

project, reviewed and assisted with writing, provided input on statistical analyses). 

Robertson, J.M., A.R. Cahlander-Mooers, and M.D. Dixon. 2018. Effects of management 

treatments on regeneration of a geographically disjunct, relictual hybrid aspen (Populus 

xsmithii) population in the central Great Plains, USA. Environmental Management 62: 

906-914. Link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00267-018-1092-8. (Graduate advisor for J. 

Robertson, reviewed and assisted with writing, ran most of statistical analyses, assisted 

with some of field work). 

Schenk, E.R., A.J. Benthem, M.D. Dixon, M. Mittelman, K.J. Skalak, C.R. Hupp, J.M. Galloway, 

and R.A. Nustad. 2018. Large wood distribution, mobility, and recruitment in an interdam river reach: a comparison with geomorphic process on the Garrison Reach of the 

Missouri River pre and post the historical 2011 flood. Earth Surface Processes and 

Landforms, 43(8):1677-1688. (Provided data and analyses on vegetation, helped write 

portions of manuscript, reviewed manuscript). 

Stoy, P., S. Ahmed, M. Jarchow, B. Rashford, D. Swanson, S. Albeke, G. Bromley, J. Brookshire, 

M.D. Dixon, J. Haggerty, P. Miller, B. Peyton, A. Royem, T. Sohl, L. Spangler, C. Straub, 

and B. Poulter. 2018. Opportunities and tradeoffs between BECCS and food, water, 

energy, biodiversity, and social systems at regional scales. BioScience 68(2):100-111. 

(Provided input on writing). 

Swanson, D., M.D. Dixon, and J. Palmer. 2016. A reassessment of Virginia’s Warbler 

distribution in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Western Birds 47:214-226. 

DOI: 10.21199/WB47.3.2 (Conducted statistical analyses). 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 57/123 
 

 

 

Millikin*, A.R., M.E. Jarchow, K.L. Olmstead, R.E. Krentz, and M.D. Dixon. 2016. Site 

preparation drives long-term plant community dynamics in restored tallgrass prairie: A 

case study in southeastern South Dakota. Environmental Management 58(4):597-605. 

DOI: 10.1007/s00267-016-0736-9, IF 1.878 [0] (Reviewed manuscript, gave advice on 

writing and statistics, provided input to study as graduate committee member). 

Dixon, M.D. and J.C. Stella. 2016. Temporal variability in hydrology modifies the influence of 

geomorphology on wetland distribution along a desert stream: a commentary on Dong et 

al. 2015. Journal of Ecology 104:31-32. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12499, IF 5.813 [0] 

(Did original review of Dong et al. and co-wrote commentary). 

Munes*, E.C., M.D. Dixon, D. Swanson, C.L. Merkord, and A.R. Benson*. 2015. Large, 

infrequent disturbance on a regulated river: response of floodplain forest birds to the 2011 

Missouri River flood. Ecosphere, 6(11 (Article 212)), 19. 

www.esajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1890/ES15-00007.1, IF 2.49 [0] (Helped guide student 

research, provided input on writing and analysis, assisted with field surveys in 2009-

2010). 

Boudell, J., M.D. Dixon, S.B. Rood, and J.C. Stromberg, J. C. 2015. Restoring Functional 

Riparian Ecosystems: Concepts and Applications. Ecohydrology, 8(5):747-752. 

DOI: 10.1002/eco.1664, IF 2.852 [2]. (Assisted with writing this Preface for special 

issue). 

Dixon, M.D., C.J. Boever*, V.L. Danzeisen*, C.L. Merkord, E.C. Munes*, M.L. Scott, W.C. 

Johnson, and T. Cowman. 2015. Effects of a “natural” flood event on the riparian 

ecosystem of a regulated large-river system: the 2011 flood on the Missouri River, USA. 

Ecohydrology 8(5):812-824. DOI: 10.1002/eco.1613, IF 2.852 [6] (Wrote article, analyzed 

data, directed student research). 

Johnson, W.C., M.A. Volke, M.L. Scott, and M.D. Dixon. 2015. The dammed Missouri: 

prospects for recovering Lewis and Clark’s river. Ecohydrology 8(5):765-771. 

DOI: 10.1002/eco.1534, IF 2.852 [6] (Provided input on manuscript, was PI for project). 

Broadbent, C.D., D.S. Brookshire, D. Goodrich, M.D. Dixon, L.A. Brand, J. Thacher, and S. 

Stewart, S. 2015. Valuing preservation and restoration alternatives for ecosystem services 

in the southwestern U.S. Ecohydrology 8(5):851-862. DOI: 10.1002/eco.1628, IF 2.852 

[3] (Provided input on manuscript, helped with graphics and GIS work, helped develop 

scenarios). 

Volke, M.A., M.L. Scott, W.C. Johnson, and M.D. Dixon. 2015. The ecological significance of 

emerging deltas in regulated rivers. BioScience 65(6):598-611. 

DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biv040, IF 5.378 [4] (Provided input on manuscript and served on 

graduate committee for M. Volke). 

Scott, M.L., G.T. Auble, M.D. Dixon, W.C. Johnson, L.A. Rabbe. 2013. Long-term cottonwood 

forest dynamics along the upper Missouri River, USA. River Research and Applications 

29:1016-1029. DOI: 10.1002/rra.2588, IF 2.274 [6] (co-PI on project, provided input on 

manuscript). 

Brand, L.A., M.D. Dixon, T. Fetz, J.C. Stromberg, S. Stewart, G. Garber, D.C. Goodrich, D.S. 

Brookshire, C.D. Broadbent, and K. Benedict. 2013. Projecting avian guild responses to 

landscape management along the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico. Southwestern 

Naturalist, 58(2), 150-162. DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-58.2.150, IF 0.219 [1] (Conducted 

analysis of vegetation and GIS data, helped develop vegetation scenarios, contributed to 

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writing and graphics). 

Stromberg, J. C., K.E. McCluney, M.D. Dixon, and T. Meixner. 2013. Dryland riparian 

ecosystems in the American Southwest: Sensitivity and resilience to climatic extremes. 

Ecosystems 16:411-415. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-012-9606-3, IF 4.198 [11] (Invited short 

perspective piece, contributed to writing). 

Yager, L.A.*, M.D. Dixon, T.C. Cowman, and D.A. Soluk. 2013. Historic changes (1941-2008) 

in side channel and backwater habitats within an unchannelized reach of the Missouri 

River. River Research and Applications 29:493-501. DOI: 10.1002/rra.1614, IF 2.274 [1] 

(Co-advisor of M.S. student Yager, contributed to writing, editing, and preparation of 

graphics). 

Dixon, M.D., W.C. Johnson, M.L. Scott, D. Bowen, and L.A. Rabbe. 2012. Dynamics of plains 

cottonwood (Populus deltoides) forests and historic landscape change across the upper 

Missouri River, USA. Environmental Management 49:990-1008. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-

012-9842-5, IF 1.878 [23] (Primary author, wrote paper, conducted all analyses, 

supervised data collection, co-PI on project). 

Johnson, W.C., M.D. Dixon, M.L. Scott, L. Rabbe, G. Larson, M. Volke, and B. Werner. 2012. 

Forty years of vegetation change on the Missouri River floodplain. BioScience 62:123-

135. DOI::10.1525/bio.2012.62.2.6, IF 5.378 [25] (co-PI on project; contributed to data, 

statistical analyses, and preparation of graphics and GIS maps; provided input on 

manuscript). 

Brand, L.A., J.C. Stromberg, D.C. Goodrich, M.D. Dixon, K. Lansey, D. Kang, D.S. Brookshire, 

and D.J. Cerasale. 2011. Projecting avian response to linked changes in groundwater and 

riparian floodplain vegetation along a dryland river: a scenario analysis. Ecohydrology 

4(1):130-142. DOI: 10.1002/eco.143, IF 2.852 [10] (Conducted analysis of vegetation 

data and GIS mapping, provided input on manuscript). 

Brookshire, D.S., D. Goodrich, M.D. Dixon, L.A. Brand, K. Benedict, K. Lansey, J. Thacher, 

C.D. Broadbent, S. Stewart, M. McIntosh, and D. Kang. 2010. Ecosystem services and 

reallocation choices: A framework for preserving semi-arid regions in the Southwest. 

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education 144:60-74. 

DOI: 10.1111/j.1936-704X.2010.00075.x, (Contributed to writing, analysis, preparation 

of graphics) 

Galbraith, H., M.D. Dixon, J.C. Stromberg, and J.T. Price. 2010. Predicting climate change risks 

to riparian ecosystems in arid watersheds. Chapter 10 (pages 187-202), In: Kapustka, L., 

W. Landis, and A. Johnson (eds.), Environmental Risk Assessment and Management from 

a Landscape Perspective. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. (Conducted vegetation 

analysis and modeling, contributed to writing) 

Stromberg, J.C., S.J. Lite, and M.D. Dixon. 2010. Effects of stream flow patterns on riparian 

vegetation of a semiarid river: implications for a changing climate. River Research and 

Applications 26(6):712-729. DOI: 10.1002/rra.1272, IF 2.274 [61] (Provided input on 

manuscript, ideas). 

Stromberg, J.C., T.J. Rychener, and M.D. Dixon. 2009. Return of fire to a free-flowing desert 

river: effects on vegetation. Restoration Ecology 17(3):327-338. DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-

100X.2007.00347.x, IF 1.724 [6] (Contributed to statistical analysis, data, and provided 

review comments on manuscript). 

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Dixon, M.D., J.C. Stromberg, J.T. Price, H. Galbraith, A.K. Fremier, and E.W. Larsen. 2009. 

Potential effects of climate change on the upper San Pedro riparian ecosystem. Chapter 3, 

In: Stromberg, J.C. and B. Tellman (eds.), Ecology and Conservation of the San Pedro 

River. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ. (Primary author, conducted all computer 

modeling, statistical analysis, and writing; most of work completed during postdoc at 

Arizona State). 

Stromberg, J.C., M.D. Dixon, R.L. Scott, T. Maddock III, K.J. Baird, and B. Tellman. 2009. 

Status of the upper San Pedro River (USA) riparian ecosystem. Chapter 20, In: Stromberg, 

J.C. and B. Tellman (eds.), Ecology and Conservation of the San Pedro River. University 

of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ. (Provided feedback on manuscript and some supporting 

data and analysis; most of work completed during postdoc at Arizona State). 

Stromberg, J.C., S.J. Lite, M.D. Dixon, and R.L. Tiller. 2009. Riparian vegetation: pattern and 

process. Chapter 1, In: Stromberg, J.C. and B. Tellman (eds.), Ecology and Conservation 

of the San Pedro River. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ. (Provided feedback on 

manuscript and some supporting data and analysis; most of work completed during 

postdoc at Arizona State). 

Stromberg, J.C., V.B. Beauchamp, M.D. Dixon, S.J. Lite, and C. Paradzick. 2007. Importance of 

low-flow and high-flow characteristics to restoration of riparian vegetation along rivers in 

arid southwestern United States. Freshwater Biology 52:651-679. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-

2427.2006.01713.x, IF 3.255 [137] (Provided feedback on manuscript and some 

supporting data and analysis; most of work completed during postdoc at Arizona State). 

Dixon, M.D., and M.G. Turner. 2006. Simulated recruitment of riparian trees and shrubs under 

natural and regulated flow regimes on the Wisconsin River, USA. River Research and 

Applications 22(10):1057-1083. DOI: 10.1002/rra.948, IF 2.274 [29] (Primary author, 

conducted data collection, analysis, and wrote paper; product of Ph.D. research; published 

prior to time at USD). 

Stromberg, J.C., S. J. Lite, T.J. Rychener, L. Levick, M.D. Dixon, and J.W. Watts. 2006. Status 

of the riparian ecosystem in the upper San Pedro River, Arizona: Application of an 

assessment model. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 115:145-173. DOI: 

10.1007/s10661-006-6549-1, IF 1.687 [32] (Contributed to GIS mapping work and data 

analysis; completed during postdoc at Arizona State; published prior to time at USD). 

Stromberg, J.C., S.J. Lite, M. Dixon, T. Rychener, and E. Makings. 2006. Relations between 

streamflow regime and riparian vegetation composition, structure and diversity within the 

San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, Arizona. Chapter C, pp. 57-106, In: J.M. 

Leenhouts, J.C. Stromberg, and R.L. Scott, Hydrologic Requirements of and Consumptive 

Ground-water Use by Riparian Vegetation along the San Pedro River, Arizona, US 

Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5163. (Contributed to data 

analysis and wrote one section; completed during postdoc at Arizona State; published 

prior to time at USD) 

Jansson, R., H. Backx, A. J. Boulton, M. Dixon, D. Dudgeon, F. Hughes, K. Nakamura, E. 

Stanley, and K. Tockner. 2005. Stating mechanisms and refining criteria for ecologically 

successful river restoration: A comment on Palmer et al. (2005). Journal of Applied 

Ecology 42:218-222. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01022.x, IF 5.301 [54] (Contributed 

to idea formation, discussion, and editing of manuscript; completed during postdoc at 

Arizona State). 

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Sabo, J.L., R. Sponseller, M. Dixon, K. Gade, T. Harms, J. Heffernan, A. Jani, G. Katz, C. 

Soykan, J. Watts, and J. Welter. 2005. Riparian zones increase regional species diversity 

by harboring different, not more species. Ecology 86(1):56-62. DOI: 10.1890/04-0668, IF 

4.809 [187] (Assisted with data collection and analysis, provided feedback on manuscript; 

completed during postdoc at Arizona State). 

Miller, J.R., M.D. Dixon, and M.G. Turner. 2004. Response of avian communities in large-river 

floodplains to environmental variation at multiple scales. Ecological Applications 

14:1394-1410. DOI: 10.1890/02-5376, IF 4.314 [36] (Contributed to field data collection 

and provided feedback on manuscript). 

Turner, M.G., S.E. Gergel, M.D. Dixon, and J.R. Miller. 2004. Distribution and abundance of 

trees in floodplain forests of the Wisconsin River: environmental influences at different 

scales. Journal of Vegetation Science 15:729-738. DOI: 10.1658/1100-

9233(2004)015[0729:daaoti]2.0.co;2, IF 2.924 [52] (Contributed to data collection and 

provided feedback on manuscript). 

Galbraith, H., J. Price, M. Dixon, and J. Stromberg. 2004. Using HSI models to evaluate risks to 

riparian wildlife habitat from climate change and urban sprawl, In: Kapustka, L. A., H. 

Galbraith, M. Luxon, and G. R. Biddinger (eds.), Landscape Ecology and Wildlife Habitat 

Evaluation: Critical Information for Ecological Risk Assessment, Land-Use Management 

Activities, and Biodiversity Enhancement Practices, ASTM STP 1458, ASTM 

International, West Conshohocken, PA 2004. (Conducted some analyses and provided 

feedback on manuscript; completed during postdoc at Arizona State). 

Dixon, M.D. 2003. Effects of flow pattern on riparian seedling recruitment on sandbars in the 

Wisconsin River, Wisconsin, USA. Wetlands 23(1):125-139. DOI: 10.1672/0277-

5212(2003)023 [0125:eofpor]2.0.co;2, IF 1.573 [43] (Primary author; product of Ph.D. 

research). 

Dixon, M.D., M.G. Turner, and C. Jin. 2002. Riparian tree seedling distribution on Wisconsin 

River sandbars: Controls at different spatial scales. Ecological Monographs 72(4):465-485. 

DOI: 10.2307/3100052, IF 8.759 [43] (Primary author; collected all data, wrote paper, 

conducted most of statistical analysis; product of Ph.D. research). 

Gergel, S.E., M.D. Dixon, and M.G. Turner. 2002. Consequences of human-altered floods: 

levees, floods, and floodplain forests along the Wisconsin River. Ecological Applications 

12(6):1755-1770. DOI: 10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1755:cohafl]2.0.co;2, IF 4.314 [81] 

(Contributed to field data collection, provided review of and feedback on manuscript). 

Osterkamp, W.R., W.C. Johnson, and M.D. Dixon. 2001. Biophysical gradients related to channel 

islands, middle Snake River, Idaho. In: Dorava, J., B. Palcsak, F. Fitzpatrick, and D. 

Montgomery (eds.), Geomorphic Processes and Riverine Habitat: American Geophysical 

Union Monograph. (Collected and analyzed vegetation data, provided feedback on 

manuscript). 

Dixon, M.D., and W.C. Johnson. 1999. Riparian vegetation along the middle Snake River: 

Zonation, geographical trends and historical changes. Great Basin Naturalist 59(1):18-34. 

IF 0.491 [23] (Primary author, wrote paper, analyzed data, supervised and conducted data 

collection). 

Dixon, M.D., W.C. Johnson, and C.S. Adkisson. 1997. Effects of weevil larvae on acorn use by 

Blue Jays. Oecologia 111:201-208. DOI: 10.1007/s004420050226, IF 3.13 [28] (Primary 

author, MS research). 

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Dixon, M.D., W.C. Johnson, and C.S. Adkisson. 1997. Effects of caching on acorn tannin levels 

and Blue Jay dietary performance. Condor 99:756-764. DOI: 10.2307/1370486, IF 2.654 

[24] (Primary author, MS research). 

Johnson, W.C., C.S. Adkisson, T.R. Crow, and M.D. Dixon. 1997. Nut caching by Blue Jays 

(Cyanocitta cristata L.): Implications for tree demography. American Midland Naturalist 

138:357-370. DOI: 10.2307/2426828, IF 0.636 [45] (Conducted most of statistical 

analysis and assisted with writing). 

Johnson, W.C., M.D. Dixon, R. Simons, S. Jenson, and K. Larson. 1995. Mapping the response 

of riparian vegetation to possible flow reductions in the Snake River, Idaho. 

Geomorphology 13:159-173. IF 2.958 [37] (Contributed to GIS work, statistical analysis, 

and writing). 

Petit, K.E., M.D. Dixon, and R.T. Holmes. 1988. A case of polygyny in the Black-throated 

Blue Warbler. Wilson Bulletin 100(1):132-134. IF 0.656 [?] (Contributed to field data 

collection). 

A.4 Published Book Reviews 

Dixon, M.D. 2015. Book review. Wetland Environments: A Global Perspective (vol. 75, pp. 

507-508). Ecological Engineering. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.09.002 

Dixon, M.D. 2010. Book review of: Waiting for Coyote’s Call: An Eco-memoir from the 

Missouri River Bluff, by Jerry Wilson. Great Plains Quarterly 30(1):71-72. 

Dixon, M.D. 2008. Book review of: The Ribbon of Green: Change in Riparian Vegetation in 

the Southwestern United States, by Robert H. Webb, Stanley A. Leake, and Raymond M. 

Turner. Quarterly Review of Biology 83(3): 320. 

Dixon, M.D. 2007. Book review of: Corridor Ecology: The Science and Practice of Linking 

Landscapes for Biodiversity Conservation, by Jodi A. Hilty, William Z. Lidicker Jr., and 

Adina M. Merenlender. Condor 109(3):715-716. 

A.5 Unpublished Reports (partial list) 

Dixon, M.D. 2017. Rare Plant and Vegetation Monitoring within the Missouri National 

Recreational River. Final Report to the National Park Service, Missouri National Recreational 

River, March 31, 2017, 52 pp. 

Stewart, J. and M. Dixon. 2016. Mapping Potential Sites of Calcareous Fens in Eastern South 

Dakota Using Ecological Niche Modeling. Report to SD Department of Game, Fish, and 

Parks. Project ID: T-47-R-1, Study #: 2455. 34 pp. 

Sweeney, M., T. Cowman, M. Dixon, and J. Wesner. 2016. Characterization of the 

Geomorphology, Sediment Sources, Vegetation, and Macroinvertebrate Diversity of the 

Lewis and Clark Lake Delta. Report for Research Agreement No. 2015-USD-MRI-002 

between the University of South Dakota Missouri River Institute and the Missouri 

Sedimentation Action Coalition. November 30, 2016. 54 pp. 

Dixon, M.D., C.J. Boever, V.L. Danzeisen, E.C. Munes, D.J. Quist, C.L. Merkord, W.C. 

Johnson, M.L. Scott, D.L. Swanson, T. Cowman, and T. Malloy. 2015. Ecological Responses 

to the 2011 Flood along the Missouri River: Impacts on Cottonwood Forests, Songbirds, and 

Landscape Change. Final Report to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Project #W912HZ-12-

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 62/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2-0009. 348 pp. 

Dixon, M.D. 2014. Ecological Effects of Redcedar Clearing at Bow Creek Recreation Area 

Uplands (2008-2011). Part I: Vegetation. Final report to National Park Service, Missouri 

National Recreational River, December 30, 2014, 40 pp. 

Cahlander-Mooers, A., M. Volke, M. Dixon, and W.C. Johnson. 2014. Classification and 

Mapping of Riparian Forest along the White River in South Dakota. Final Report to South 

Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks, Grant # T-50-R-1, September 14, 2014, 142 pp. 

Dixon, M.D., W.C. Johnson, M.L. Scott, and D. Bowen. 2010. Status and Trend of 

Cottonwood Forests along the Missouri River. Final Report to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 

Contract # W9912DQ-07-C-0011. 111 pp. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usarmyceomaha/78/ 

Dixon, M., J. Kerby, and D. Swanson. 2010. Final Report for the National Park Service, 

Missouri National Recreational River for “Assessment of Forest Songbird, Marsh Bird and 

Frog Community Composition along the Missouri National Recreational River using 

Auditory and Visual Census Techniques”, Task Agreement # J6288100006. 39 pp. 

Ley, M.J. and M.D. Dixon. 2010. 2010 Annual Report – Big Sioux River Riparian Vegetation 

Project. Annual Report to SD Game, Fish, and Parks. 30 pp. 

Benson, A.R., M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson. 2010. Effects of Landscape and Stand-level 

Factors on Forest Songbird Populations and Diversity across a Cottonwood Successional 

Gradient along the Missouri River. Final Progress Report to SD Game, Fish and Parks for 

2009 Wildlife Small Grants Program, #UP0900209. 8 pp. 

Dixon, M.D., W.C. Johnson, M.L. Scott, and D. Bowen. 2009. 2008 Annual Report –

Missouri River Cottonwood Study. Report for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Contract # 

W9912DQ-07-C-0011. 

Benson, A. and M. Dixon. 2009. Monitoring Ecological Responses to Prairie and Oak 

Savannah Restoration in the Missouri River Uplands. Progress Report to National Park 

Service (Missouri National Recreational River). 7 pp. 

Dixon, M.D. and W.C. Johnson. 2008. 2007 Annual Report – Missouri River Cottonwood 

Study. Report for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Contract # W9912DQ-07-C-0011. 

Johnson, W.C., G.E. Larson, and M.D. Dixon. 2006. Cottonwood Forests of the Missouri 

National Recreational River: Their Measurement and Ecological Health. Final Report to the 

Army Corps of Engineers. Project CENWK-PM-PR. 

B. Grants and Contracts 

B.1 Intramural Grants and Support (total $4,000 at USD) 

Influence of Flow Regulation on Missouri River Floodplain Forest (2006-2007), 

Research Catalyst Program Award from University of South Dakota, Office of Research 

and Sponsored Programs, $4000. 

B.2 Extramural Grants and Contracts Received or Active 

Total at USD with Dixon as the PI or co-PI = $3,348,889 (awards or subawards to 

USD) 

Total at USD with Dixon as Supporting Faculty = $6,383,719 ($2,244,719 to USD) 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 63/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Evaluate the Biologic Response of a Restored Missouri River Backwater, (2020), 

Agency: U.S. National Park Service, $29,695. PI: D. Swanson, co-PIs; J. Wesner and 

M. Dixon. 

Evaluating Post-Flood Sandbar Succession and Species Biodiversity Related to 

Listed Species Habitat, (2018-2021), Agency: U.S. National Park Service, $299,996 

(+$64,428 USD in-kind cost share). PI: M. Dixon, co-PIs: D. Swanson and M. Sweeney. 

Sustainable Socio-economic, Ecological, and Technological Scenarios for Achieving 

Global Climate Stabilization through Negative CO2 Emission Policies, (2016-2020), 

Agency: National Science Foundation (EPSCOR RII Track-2 FEC), $6,000,000 (USD 

subaward $1,860,000). PIs: B. Poulter (Montana State U.), co-PIs: P. Stoy (Montana 

State U.), B. Rashford (U. Wyoming), M. Jarchow, D. Swanson, Supporting: M. Dixon 

and J. Kerby. 

Sustainable RIVER (Remediating InVasives to Encourage Resilience) (2016-2019), 

Agency: National Science Foundation (REU Site), $363,662, PI: M. Jarchow, 

Supporting: B. Jordan, J. Kerby, M. Dixon, D. Posthumus, S. Rosenfeld, M. Sayre, D. 

Swanson, M. Sweeney, and J. Wesner. 

Genetic Diversity, Ecological Niche Modeling and Physiological Response to 

Climate Change for Management of Pleistocene Relict Hybrid Aspens in the 

Niobrara River Valley, NE, (2015-2018), Agency: U.S. National Park Service, 

$356,000 (USD subaward $26,285). PIs: M. Nepokroeff (USD) and J. Cavender-Bares 

(U. Minnesota), co-PI: M. Dixon. 

Rare Plant and Vegetation Monitoring within the Missouri National Recreational 

River, (2015-2016), Agency: U.S. National Park Service, $24,971. PI: M. Dixon, 

Supporting: B. Korman (NPS). 

Characterization of Sediment Sources in the Lewis and Clark Lake Delta, (2015-

2016), Agency: Missouri Sedimentation Action Coalition (funding from US 

Environmental Protection Agency), $21,057. PIs: M. Sweeney, co-PI: T. Cowman, 

Supporting: J. Wesner and M. Dixon. 

Ecological Responses to the 2011 Flood along the Missouri River: Impacts on 

Cottonwood Forests, Songbirds, and Landscape Change, (2012-2015), Agency: U.S. 

Army Corps of Engineers, $1,557,932. PI: M. Dixon, co-PIs: W.C. Johnson (SDSU), 

M.L. Scott (Utah State), D. Swanson. C. Merkord, T. Cowman, and T. Malloy 

(Benedictine College). 

Classification and Mapping of Riparian Forest along the White River in South 

Dakota, (2011-2014), Agency: South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks, $122,500 

(+$34,361 USD and SDSU in-kind cost share). PIs: M. Dixon and W.C. Johnson (South 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 64/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dakota State University). 

Historic River Channel and Wetland Habitat Dynamics along the Missouri River, 

(August – December 2011), Agency: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, contract to the 

Louis Berger Group, Inc., subcontract to University of South Dakota for $14,059. PI: M. 

Dixon. 

Lewis and Clark Lake Sediment Accumulation Illustration Project, (2011-2012), 

Agency: Environmental Protection Agency award to Missouri Sedimentation Action 

Committee, subcontract to Missouri River Institute at the University of South Dakota for 

$12,000 (+$15,627 match from MSAC). PI: T. Cowman, Co-PIs: M. Dixon and M. 

Sweeney. 

Projecting Long-term Landscape Change along the Missouri River: Implications 

for Cottonwood Forests and Songbird Populations, (2011-2013), Agency: Plains and 

Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), 

$ 188,242. PIs: M. Dixon and D. Swanson, co-PI: W.C. Johnson (SDSU). 

Monitoring Ecological Responses to Prairie and Oak Savannah Restoration in the 

Missouri River Uplands, (2011-2012), Agency: National Park Service, NRPP Regional 

Block Grants, $16,771 (+$250 in-kind contribution from USD). PI: M. Dixon, Partners: 

S.K. Wilson (NPS). 

Mapping and Characterization of Calcareous Fens in Eastern South Dakota, 

(2010-2015), Agency: South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, South 

Dakota Wildlife Action Plan Competitive Grants, $74,997 (+$28,309 USD and SDSU 

in-kind cost share). PIs: M. Dixon and G. Larson (SDSU). Partners: T. Cowman. 

Assessment of Forest Songbird, Marsh Bird and Frog Community Composition 

along the Missouri National Recreational River using Auditory and Visual Census 

Techniques, (2010), Agency: National Park Service, $7,658. PIs: M. Dixon, J. Kerby, 

and D. Swanson. 

Classification and Mapping of Riparian Vegetation along the Big Sioux River, 

(2009-2012), Agency: South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks Department, South Dakota 

Wildlife Action Plan Competitive Grants, $74,981 (+$26,531 USD in-kind cost share). 

PI: M. Dixon, Partners: W. C. Johnson (SDSU), T. Cowman, G. Larson (SDSU). 

Effects of Landscape and Stand-level Factors on Forest Songbird Populations and 

Diversity across a Cottonwood Successional Gradient along the Missouri River, 

(2009-2010), Agency: South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks, Small Grants Program, 

$6,975. PIs: A. Benson (graduate student) and M. Dixon. 

Vegetation Collection, Age-class and Quality Analysis in a GIS Format for 

Cottonwood Forests along Moderate and High Priority River Reaches for Bald 

Eagles along the Missouri River, (2007-2009), Agency: US Army Corps of Engineers, 

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contract to Dr. W. Carter Johnson for $985,500 (subcontract to USD for $866,469). 

Awarded March 2007, with supplemental funding in Sept. 2007. PIs: W.C. Johnson 

(SDSU) and M. Dixon. 

Hydrologic Thresholds for Biodiversity in Semiarid Riparian Ecosystems, (2006-

2009), Agencies: US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Department of 

Energy (DOE), Linked Aquatic – Terrestrial Ecosystem Responses, $841,881, 

subcontract to University of South Dakota for $25,358. PIs: K. Baird, M. Dixon, J. 

Hogan, S. Lite, T. Meixner, and J. Stromberg. 

Stream Channel Migration and Riparian Tree Establishment, San Pedro River, 

(2003-2005), Agency: US Department of Agriculture and Department of Defense, 

$43,428 to Arizona State University. PIs: J. Stromberg, M. Dixon, and D. Goodrich. 

Woody Vegetation Dynamics on Wisconsin River Sandbars: Spatial and Temporal 

Controls on Seedling Recruitment, (1998-2001), Agency: US-EPA-STAR (Science to 

Achieve Results) Graduate Fellowship, University of Wisconsin, M. Dixon. 

C. Presentations 

Only those for 2015 and later are shown (n = 59), Total for Career (n =190) 

Includes those for which I was co-author, but did not present personally 

* Denotes invited presentation. 

Presentations are talks, unless indicated otherwise (i.e., if poster). 

First author is presenter, unless noted otherwise 

Bold indicates current or past USD graduate or undergraduate student (or REU student) 

Nefas, S.M., M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson. 2019. Bird use of early successional sandbar 

vegetation: what do we lose by managing for plovers and terns? Missouri River Institute 

Symposium, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, November 21, 2019. 

Hegg, A., M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson. 2019. Effects of invasive Russian olive and eastern 

red cedar on bird nest survival in Missouri River riparian forests. Missouri River Institute 

Symposium, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, November 21, 2019. 

Baltensperger, A., M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson, D. (Presenter & Author). 2019. Modeling the 

implications of future bioenergy scenarios on bird diversity and abundance in the upper 

Missouri River basin. Missouri River Institute Symposium, University of South Dakota, 

Vermillion, SD, November 21, 2019. 

Goljani-Amirkhiz, R., M.D. Dixon, J. Palmer, and D.L. Swanson. 2019. Applying an Ensemble 

of Small Models to Predict Breeding Distribution of a Rare Species: Virginia's Warbler 

(Oreothlypis virginiae) at the Northeastern Periphery of its Range. South Dakota 

Ornithologists’ Union, Pierre, SD, October 5, 2019.

Hegg, A., M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson. 2019. Impacts of Invasive Trees on Nest Survival of 

Birds in Missouri River Riparian Forests. South Dakota Ornithologists’ Union," Pierre, 

SD, October 5, 2019. 

Swanson, D.L., A. Baltensperger, and M.D. Dixon. 2019. Modeling the Implications of Future 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 66/123 
Bioenergy Scenarios on Bird Diversity and Abundance in the Northern Great Plains. 

South Dakota Ornithologists’ Union, Pierre, SD, October 5, 2019.

Goljani-Amirkhiz, R., J. Palmer, M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson, D. (Presenter & Author). 

2019. Applying an ensemble of small models to predict breeding distribution of Virginia's 

Warbler at the northeastern periphery of its range. American Ornithological Society, 

Anchorage, AK, June 28, 2019. 

Swanson, D.L., S.M. Nefas, and M.D. Dixon. 2019. Early cottonwood-willow successional forest 

avian diversity: What do we lose by managing sandbars for plovers and terns? American 

Ornithological Society, Anchorage, AK, June 28, 2019. 

Hegg, A., M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson. 2019. Invasive plants and bird nesting success in 

Missouri River riparian forests. American Ornithological Society, Anchorage, AK, June 

28, 2019. 

Baltensperger, A., R. Goljani-Amirkhiz, M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson. 2019. Modeling the 

implications of future bioenergy scenarios on bird diversity and abundance in the northern 

Great Plains. American Ornithological Society, Anchorage, AK, June 27, 2019. 

Swanson, D.L., M.D. Dixon, and A. Baltensperger. 2019. Grassland bird population projections 

for different climate and land-use scenarios in the Upper Missouri River Basin. NSF RII 

Track 2 – Water, Agriculture, Food, Energy, Research Nexus Annual Meeting, 

Vermillion, SD, June 10, 2019. 

*Illeperuma, N., M. Harishchandra, and M.D. Dixon. 2019. A remote sensing and machine 

learning approach to map the historical expansion of eastern redcedar along the Missouri 

River. Invited Riparian Symposium talk at U.S. Chapter of the International Association 

for Landscape Ecology Annual Symposium, Fort Collins, CO, April 9, 2019. 

*Dixon, M.D., M.A. Volke, C.C. Beall, M.L. Scott, and W.C. Johnson. 2019. Emerging Deltabackwaters on the Regulated Missouri River: Implications for Cottonwood Recruitment. 

Invited Riparian Symposium talk at U.S. Chapter of the International Association for 

Landscape Ecology Annual Symposium, Fort Collins, CO, April 9, 2019. 

Swanson, D.L., J. Wesner, M.D. Dixon, J. Warmbold, D. Quist, L.A. Yager, E. Oddy, and T. 

Seidel. 2019. Loss of aquatic-terrestrial subsidies in the Missouri River after 122 years of 

habitat modification. Missouri River Natural Resources Conference, Pierre, SD, March 7, 

2019. 

Swanson, D.L., S.M. Nefas, and M.D. Dixon. 2019. Bird use of early successional sandbar 

vegetation for nesting: what do we lose by managing for terns and plovers? Missouri 

River Natural Resources Conference, Pierre, SD, March 6, 2019. 

Swanson, D.L., A. Hegg, and M.D. Dixon. Invasive plants and bird nesting success in Missouri 

River riparian forests. Missouri River Natural Resources Conference, Pierre, SD, March 6, 

2019. 

Dixon, M.D., C.C. Beall, M. Sweeney, M.A. Volke, W.C. Johnson, and M.L. Scott. 2018. Deltas 

as Unique Habitats on the Missouri River. Missouri River Institute Symposium, 

University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, November 15, 2018. 

Nefas, S.M., M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson. 2018. Evaluating Post-Flood Sandbar Avian 

Species Biodiversity. Missouri River Institute Symposium, University of South Dakota, 

Vermillion, SD, November 15, 2018. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 67/123 
Illeperuma, N., and M.D. Dixon. 2018. Historical Patterns and Impacts of the 2011 Flood on 

Eastern Red Cedar Distribution along the Missouri River. Missouri River Institute 

Symposium, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, November 15, 2018. 

Hegg, A., M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson. 2018. Impacts of Invasive Tree Species on Bird 

Nesting Success in Missouri River Riparian Forests. Missouri River Institute Symposium, 

University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, November 15, 2018. 

Beall, C.C., and M.D. Dixon. 2018. Vegetation Dynamics and Cottonwood Recruitment on the 

Lewis and Clark Delta. Missouri River Institute Symposium, University of South Dakota, 

Vermillion, SD, November 15, 2018. 

Sweeney, M., and M.D. Dixon. 2018. Are Missouri River reservoir deltas sustainable? A closer 

look at Lewis and Clark Lake delta. USD Sustainability Seminar (SUST 790), Department 

of Sustainability and Environment, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, October 

23, 2018. 

Goljani Amirkhiz, R., M.D. Dixon, J. Palmer, and D.L. Swanson. 2018. Ensemble modeling to 

predict Virginia’s Warbler (Oreothlypis virginiae) breeding distribution at the 

northeastern periphery of its range. Ecological Society of America, New Orleans, LA, 

August 2018. 

Bayer, L., D. Swisher, A. Hegg, M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson. 2018. Evaluating nesting 

success in Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) and native trees along the Missouri 

River, SD. South Dakota EPSCoR Undergraduate Research Symposium, Pierre, SD, July 

26, 2018. 

Swanson, D.L., A. Hegg, and M.D. Dixon. 2018. Effects of invasive trees on nesting productivity 

for breeding birds in Missouri River floodplain forests. Missouri River Ecosystem 

Coordination Group, DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge, IA, June 21, 2018. 

Beall, C.C., and M.D. Dixon. 2018. Woody vegetation dynamics on a Missouri River reservoir 

delta. Society of Wetland Scientists, Denver, CO, June 1, 2018. 

Dixon, M.D. 2018. Introduction to Riparian Symposium Session II: Physical & Biotic Drivers of 

Change. Society of Wetland Scientists, Denver, CO, May 31, 2018. 

Swanson, D.L., A. Hegg, G. Gray-Lobe, S. Ruiz, and M.D. Dixon. 2018. Effects of invasive 

trees on nesting productivity for breeding birds in Missouri River floodplain forests. 

Missouri River Natural Resources Conference, Nebraska City, NE, March 2018. 

Dixon, M.D., M.E. Jarchow, and D.L. Swanson. 2018. Sustainable RIVER: Research Experiences 

for Undergraduate Students on Missouri River Science. Missouri River Natural Resources 

Conference, Nebraska City, NE, March 22, 2018. 

Illeperuma, N., M.D. Dixon, and J.E. Vogelmann. 2018. Historical Patterns and Impacts of the 

2011 Flood on Redcedar Distribution along the Missouri River. Missouri River Natural 

Resources Conference, Nebraska City, NE, March 21, 2018. 

Beall, C.C., and M.D. Dixon. 2018. Woody Vegetation Dynamics on the Niobrara River / Lewis 

and Clark Reservoir Delta. Missouri River Natural Resources Conference, Nebraska City, 

NE, March 21, 2018. 

Beall, C.C., and M.D. Dixon (Presenter & Author). 2018. Vegetation Composition and Dynamics 

within the Lewis and Clark Delta," Emergent Sandbar Habitat Program, Nebraska & 

South Dakota Interagency Meeting, US Army Corps of Engineers, Gavins Point Dam 

Visitor Center, Crofton, NE, January 25, 2018. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 68/123 
Gray-Lobe, G., S. Ruiz, J. Emmick, A. Hegg, M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson. 2017. Impacts 

of Invasive Trees on Breeding Birds in Riparian Forests. South Dakota EPSCoR 

Undergraduate Research Symposium, Pierre, SD, August 2017. 

*Dixon, M.D., K.J. Skalak, D.J. Quist, M.L. Scott, and W.C. Johnson. 2017. Longitudinal 

Controls on Landform and Vegetation Dynamics on Inter-Dam Segments of the Missouri 

River. Invited symposium talk at U.S. Chapter of the International Association for 

Landscape Ecology Annual Symposium, Baltimore, MD, April 10, 2017. 

Dixon, M.D. 2017. Spatial patterns of vegetation dynamics on inter-dam segments of the 

Missouri River Missouri River Institute Symposium, University of South Dakota, 

Vermillion, SD, March 29, 2017. 

Beall, C.C. and M.D. Dixon. 2017. Spatial patterns of vegetation within the Lewis and Clark 

Delta. Missouri River Institute Symposium, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 

March 29, 2017. 

Beall, C.C. and M.D. Dixon. 2017. Spatial Patterns in Vegetation Composition within a Novel 

Reservoir Delta on the Missouri River (poster presented by C. Beall). Missouri River 

Natural Resources Conference, Nebraska City, NE, March 22, 2017. 

*Dixon, M.D. 2017. Effects of River Management on Cottonwood Forests & Songbirds along the 

Missouri River. Invited talk to University of South Dakota Biology Club, Vermillion, SD, 

March 1, 2017. 

Merkord, C.L., M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson. 2017. Bird-habitat relationships in floodplain 

forests along the middle Missouri River. Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference, Lincoln, 

Nebraska, February 6, 2017. 

Dixon, M.D., C.L. Merkord, D.L. Swanson, W.C. Johnson, and M.L. Scott. 2017. Trajectories of 

decline in cottonwood forests along the Missouri River: Implications for songbirds. 

Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference, Lincoln, Nebraska, February 6, 2017. 

Dixon, M.D., C.J. Boever, V.L. Danzeisen, C.L. Merkord, M.L. Scott, and W.C. Johnson. 2016. 

The "Cottonwood Conundrum" and the 2011 Flood on the Missouri River. South Dakota 

Academy of Science, Sioux Falls, SD, April 9, 2016. 

Dixon, M.D., C.L. Merkord, E.C. Munes, A.R. Benson, D.L. Swanson, and W.C. Johnson. 2016. 

Cottonwood Forests and Landbirds along the Missouri River: Current Trends and Future 

Prospects. Missouri River Institute Symposium, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, 

SD, April 7, 2016. 

Robertson, J.M., M.D. Dixon, A. Cahlander-Mooers, and C.C. Beall. 2016. Assessment and 

Management of Hybrid Aspen Stands (Populus xsmithii) in the Niobrara River Valley of 

Northwest Nebraska. 2016 Annual Meeting Midwestern Section American Society of 

Plant Biologists, Brookings, SD, March 19, 2016. 

Beall, C.C. and M.D. Dixon. 2016. Spatial Patterns in Vegetation Composition within a Novel 

Reservoir Delta on the Missouri River (poster by C. Beall). 2016 Annual Meeting 

Midwestern Section American Society of Plant Biologists, Brookings, SD, March 19, 

2016. 

Boever, C.J., M.D. Dixon, W.C. Johnson, and M.L. Scott. 2016. The Flood of 2011: Effects of a 

Large Infrequent Disturbance on Riparian Forest Vegetation along the Missouri River. 

2016 Annual Meeting Midwestern Section American Society of Plant Biologists, 

Brookings, SD, March 19, 2016. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 69/123 
 

Dixon, M.D., C.J. Boever, V.L. Danzeisen, E.C. Munes, C.L. Merkord, D.L. Swanson, M.L. 

Scott, and W.C. Johnson. 2016. Cottonwood Forest Dynamics and Impacts of the 2011 

Flood on the Missouri River. Biology Seminar, Department of Biology, University of 

South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, February 29, 2016. 

*Dixon, M.D., M.A. Volke, W.C. Johnson, M.L. Scott, and C.L. Merkord. 2016. The 

“Cottonwood Conundrum” & the Potential Role of Reservoir Deltas on the Missouri 

River. Invited webinar to Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative 

(U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), February 3, 2016. 

Munes, E.C., C.L. Merkord, M.D. Dixon, and D.L. Swanson. 2015. Projecting long-term effects 

of the 2011 Missouri River flood on floodplain bird populations (poster designed by 

Munes, presented by Swanson). NSF Food, Energy Water Nexus Workshop, SD 

EPSCoR/NSF, Rapid City, SD, October 2015. 

Dixon, M.D., C.J. Boever, V.L. Danzeisen, C.L. Merkord, M.L. Scott, W.C. Johnson, and T. 

Malloy. 2015. Impacts of a large flood event on cottonwood forests along the regulated 

Missouri River, USA, International Society for River Science 4th Biennial Symposium, 

La Crosse, Wisconsin, August 24, 2015. 

Dixon, M.D., C.J. Boever, V.L. Danzeisen, C.L. Merkord, M.L. Scott, W.C. Johnson, and T. 

Malloy. 2015. Effects of a Large Infrequent Flood Disturbance on Cottonwood Forests 

along the regulated Missouri River (talk presented by Merkord). International Association 

of Landscape Ecology, 9th World Congress, Portland, OR, July 9, 2015. 

*Dixon, M.D., C.J. Boever, V.L. Danzeisen, C.L Merkord, W.C. Johnson, M.L. Scott, and T. 

Malloy. 2015. The “Cottonwood Conundrum” & the Flood of 2011. Invited talk in Big 

Muddy Speaker Series, Missouri River Relief, Rocheport, MO, May 12, 2015. 

Dixon, M.D. 2015. Cottonwood Forest Dynamics along the Missouri River. Informal presentation 

to lab group of Dr. Hong He, Forestry Department, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO, April 

16, 2015. 

Dixon, M.D., C.J. Boever, V.L. Danzeisen, C.L. Merkord, W.C. Johnson, M.L. Scott, and T. 

Malloy. 2015. Effects of River Regulation and the Flood of 2011 on Missouri River 

Cottonwood Forests. Missouri River Institute Symposium, University of South Dakota, 

Vermillion, SD, April 9, 2015. 

Boever, C.J., M.D. Dixon, W.C. Johnson, M.L. Scott, and T. Malloy. 2015. Effects of the flood 

of 2011 on riparian forest structure and composition along the Missouri River. Missouri 

River Institute Symposium, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, April 9, 2015. 

Dixon, M.D., C.J. Boever, V.L. Danzeisen, C.L. Merkord, W.C. Johnson, M.L. Scott, and T. 

Malloy. 2015. Effects of the 2011 Flood on Cottonwood Forests along the Missouri River. 

Missouri River Natural Resources Conference, Nebraska City, NE, March 11, 2015. 

Boever, C.J., M.D. Dixon, M.L. Scott, and W.C. Johnson. 2015. Post-flood Changes in Riparian 

Forest Structure Along the Missouri River from 2012-2014 (poster by C. Boever). 

Missouri River Natural Resources Conference, Nebraska City, NE, March 11, 2015. 

*Dixon, M.D., C.J. Boever, V.L. Danzeisen, C.L. Merkord, W.C. Johnson, M.L. Scott, and T. 

Malloy. 2015. Effects of the 2011 Flood on Cottonwood Forests along the Missouri River. 

Invited Brown Bag Seminar/Webinar to USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, 

MT, March 6, 2015). 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 70/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Dixon, M.D., C.J. Boever, V.L. Danzeisen, C.L. Merkord, W.C. Johnson, M.L. Scott, and T. 

Malloy. 2015. Effects of the 2011 Missouri River Flood on Cottonwood Forests in the 

Northern Great Plains. Invited Brown Bag Seminar, US Geological Survey - Columbia 

Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO, March 4, 2015. 

Dixon, M.D. 2015. Cottonwood Forest Dynamics along the Missouri River. Informal presentation 

to Robb Jacobson lab group, US Geological Survey - Columbia Environmental Research 

Center, Columbia, MO, January 9, 2015. 

IV. SERVICE AND ENGAGEMENT 

A. Specific Administrative Appointments (e.g., chair, dean): None 

B. External Service 

1. Extramural Review Panels 

Technical Advisory Panelist on Terrestrial Focal Natural Resources for Missouri 

River Ecosystem Restoration Plan (January 2010 – October 2011). Provided 

technical input to the MRERP program (US Army Corps of Engineers and US Fish 

and Wildlife Service) for development of conceptual models for terrestrial focal 

natural resources (key ecosystem types and species). Models will be used to assess 

current conditions and stressors, develop ecological indicators, and plan restoration of 

key natural resources along the entire Missouri River. Duties included participating in 

workshops and conference calls, reviewing technical documents, and providing 

literature and data sources to the team. (Note: Also listed below under 

Consulting/Contract Work). 

2. Editorships/Reviewing 

Reviewer, Ad Hoc Reviewer, Pre-tenure progress for faculty member (Brian Buma), 

Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado - Denver. (August 5, 2019 

- September 15, 2019). 

Reviewer, Ad Hoc Reviewer, Promotion of full professor for faculty member (John 

Stella) Department of Forestry & Natural Resources Management, SUNY-Syracuse. 

(December 13, 2018 - December 15, 2018). 

Reviewer, Grant Proposal, National Science Foundation. (May 22, 2018). 

Courtesy reviewer for manuscript for Brazilian ecologist, (February 22, 2017). 

Volunteered to review manuscript and provided feedback prior to journal submission. 

Reviewed book chapter: “Restoration Ecology of Intermittent Streams” for book:

Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams: Ecology and Management (May 2016) 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 71/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Co-Organizer/Guest Editor, Special Issue in journal Ecohydrology, entitled 

“Restoring Functional Riparian Ecosystems: Concepts and Applications” (Sept. 2013-

July 2015). 

Book review: Wetland Environments: A Global Perspective (see published book 

reviews, June 2014). 

Courtesy reviewer for book chapter: “Landscape Ecology of Wetlands: Overview”

for The Wetland Book I: Structure and Function, Management, and Methods. 

Reviewed pre-submission version of chapter and provided feedback to colleague (June 

2013). 

Reviewed draft sections of Missouri National Recreational River Natural 

Resource Condition Assessment (on land-use, land birds, cottonwood forests) for 

National Park Service (MNRR), Spring 2011. 

Reviewer of grant application to the Swiss National Science Foundation (January 

2011) 

Invited technical peer reviewer for manuscripts (3) and conference papers/abstracts 

(4) from US Geological Survey employees (2010-2015) 

Reviewer of vegetation portions of Missouri River Ecosystem Restoration Plan 

(MRERP) Research Compendium key questions documents for US Army Corps of 

Engineers (January 2008) 

Official reviewer of application of candidate for Killam Research Fellowship from 

the Canada Council for the Arts (Sept. 2007). The Killam Research Fellowship is a 

prestigious $70,000 (Canadian) two-year release-time award given to selected 

Canadian academic scholars with outstanding research records. 

Reviewer of historical condition vegetation system descriptions for Western Great 

Plains Floodplain Systems and Eastern Great Plains Floodplain Systems for the 

LANDFIRE project of The Nature Conservancy (July 2007). LANDFIRE is a 5-year 

multi-partner ecosystem, fire, and fuel-mapping project for the U.S. 

(www.landfire.gov). 

Ad hoc Reviewer, Appointed (2012-2019), ~100 articles across >20 journals since 

2012. 

Ad hoc Peer Reviewer for the following 27 journals (~ 4-8 per year) up to Fall 2011: 

Journal of Applied Ecology, American Midland Naturalist, Ecological Applications, 

Ecology, Ecological Monographs, Great Basin Naturalist, Southwest Naturalist, 

Landscape Ecology, Plant Ecology, Ecosystems, Tree Physiology, Wetlands, 

BioScience, Journal of Biogeography, Conservation Biology, Journal of Vegetation 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 72/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Science, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, Urban and Landscape 

Planning, Biological Conservation, Ecological Modelling, River Research and 

Applications, Basic and Applied Ecology, Restoration Ecology, Plant Species Biology, 

Water Resources Research, Journal of Arid Environments, Trees – Structure and 

Function 

Reviewed final report (avian ecology, vegetation, and integrated sections) on 

environmental impacts of dams in the Grand Canyon for US Geological Survey: 

“Inventory and Monitoring of Terrestrial Riparian Resources in the Colorado River

Corridor of Grand Canyon: An Integrated Approach”, Summer 2006 (prior to USD). 

External reviewer for Habilitation Thesis, “Cultural landscapes and anthropogenic

ecosystems – linking history and ecology,” for Dr. Matthias Bürgi, Swiss Federal

Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH) – January 2006 

Reviewed Grant Proposals (pre-2006) for: Cal-Fed Ecosystem Restoration and 

Science programs, USDA Managed Ecosystems program, and International Arid 

Lands Consortium 

3. State Service 

4. Consulting/Contract Work 

Expert Witness for U.S. Department of Justice, Environmental and Natural 

Resources Division, Appointed (Aug. 2016-Oct. 2019). Provide expert 

opinion/testimony on riparian vegetation for federal water rights case related to the 

upper San Pedro River in Arizona. Trial was in late January 2019. 

Technical Advisory Panelist on Terrestrial Focal Natural Resources for Missouri 

River Ecosystem Restoration Plan (January 2010 - present). Provide technical input 

to the MRERP program (US Army Corps of Engineers and US Fish and Wildlife 

Service) for development of conceptual models for terrestrial focal natural resources 

(key ecosystem types and species). Models will be used to assess current conditions 

and stressors, develop ecological indicators, and plan restoration of key natural 

resources along the entire Missouri River. Duties included participating in workshops 

and conference calls, reviewing technical documents, and providing literature and data 

sources to the team (Note: Also listed above under Extramural Review Panels). 

San Pedro River and Middle Rio Grande Economic Valuation Study (August 1, 

2007 – Dec. 15, 2008). Subcontract from the University of Arizona. Responsible for 

GIS work, vegetation modeling, and scientific input to study evaluating non-market 

values of intact and altered riparian ecosystems in the Southwest, with focus on San 

Pedro River (Arizona) and the Middle Rio Grande (New Mexico). 

Vegetation and Permanence of Goat Island, Missouri River, South Dakota (2006-

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 73/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2007). Subcontractor to W. C. Johnson; contract to Johnson from Office of Attorney 

General, State of South Dakota. Assisted with determination of approximate age and 

permanence of Goat Island, based on field visits, analysis of historic documents and 

maps, and mapping using a Geographic Information System 

5. Other Activities 

Other Professional Service 

Co-Organizer & Presenter, Special Session on Riparian Ecosystems, Society of 

Wetland Scientists 2018 Conference, Denver, CO. (October 2017 - May 31, 2018). 

Session was May 31, 2018. Am also organizing and serving as a guest editor on a 

special feature in Wetlands based loosely on the organized session. 

Technical Expert for Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, 

Invited/Appointed (Sept. 15, 2017). Provided technical advice (via 1.5 hour phone 

conversation) on restoration and monitoring of cottonwood forests along the Yakima 

River within Yakama Nation Reservation Lands (Wapato Reach), Toppenish, 

Washington. Information gained experts will be compiled into a technical memo to 

help inform ecosystem restoration and management planning for this reach of the 

Yakima River. 

Expert Witness for U.S. Department of Justice, Environmental and Natural 

Resources Division, Appointed (Aug. 2016 – Oct. 2019). Provide expert 

opinion/testimony on riparian vegetation for federal water rights case related to the 

upper San Pedro River in Arizona. Trial was in Jan. 2019. See also above under 

Consulting. 

Attendee/Participant, Missouri River Research Strategy Meeting related to 

Missouri River ecosystem productivity with Nebraska Game and Parks 

Commission (April 20, 2016). Group decided to have Missouri River symposium at 

2017 Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference. 

Attendee/Participant, MNRR Science Collaboration Workshop with US 

National Park Service - Missouri National Recreational River (Feb. 25, 2016). 

Discussed research needs/priorities, data sharing and compilation, etc. for aquatic 

and terrestrial biota on Missouri River. 

Attendee/Presenter, Meeting with NPS-MNRR on possible conflicts between 

Emergent Sandbar Habitat (ESH) management and cottonwood regeneration 

on Missouri River (Nov. 19, 2014) 

Attendee/Presenter at Annual NE/SD Emergent Sandbar Habitat Meeting with 

US Army Corps of Engineers, Yankton, SD (Oct. 29-30, 2014). 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 74/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Attendee/Presenter, USGS workshop entitled “Large Midwestern Rivers: 

Quantifying Ecosystem Connectivity” (Aug. 25, 2014). Brainstormed over key 

research needs and opportunities for collaboration with USGS on Missouri and 

Niobrara rivers. 

Co-Organizer & Presenter, Special Session entitled “Riparian Research and 

Management Challenges in Large River Systems”, Ecological Society of America

2014 Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA (Nov. 2013 – Aug. 2014). Session was Aug. 

12, 2014. 

Co-Organizer/Moderator/Presenter, Symposium entitled “Restoring Functional 

Riparian Ecosystems: Concepts and Applications” at Society for Ecological 

Restoration 2013 World Conference, Oct. 8, 2013 in Madison, WI (Oct. 2012 – Dec. 

2013). 

Attendee, Public Meetings on Conceptual Site Plant Development for North 

Alabama and Audubon Bend properties of the US Army Corps of Engineers, 

Vermillion, SD (Aug. 8, 2012) and Wynot, NE (Aug. 9, 2012) 

Organizer and Presenter, Symposium on Cottonwood Biology – “Cottonwoods: 

Status, Trends, and Futures” – at Missouri River Natural Resources Conference and 

BiOp Forum, Pierre, SD, March 15, 2012. 

Invited participant/panelist in National Park Service Missouri National 

Recreational River ORV (Outstanding Remarkable Values) Workshop in 

Vermillion, SD (August 22-24, 2011). Provided input to designation of Outstanding 

Remarkable Values and designation of river reaches with those values for ecological 

resources within the Missouri National Recreational River. 

Organizer and Moderator of Organized Oral Session, “Integration of Science

with Ecological Valuation of Semi-arid Riparian Ecosystems” at Ecological Society

of America annual conference in Albuquerque, NM, August 2009. 

Participant in Cottonwood Community Habitat Model Workshop, sponsored by 

US Army Corps of Engineers, Vermillion, SD (March 31-April 3, 2009). 

Presenter and participant in Habitat Evaluation Procedures (HEP) Analysis for 

Cottonwood Riparian Community, MNRR Mitigation for Bald Eagle RPMs, 

Baseline Results and Without Project Trends Meeting, sponsored by US Army 

Corps of Engineers, Vermillion, SD (February 20-22 and Nov. 18-21, 2008). 

Invited lecturer for Land and Water Interactions seminar class at South Dakota 

State University, October 30, 2007, Brookings, SD (Note: Also included in 

Presentations) 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 75/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Participant and presenter in Cottonwood Management Plan Programmatic 

Environmental Assessment Scoping Meeting and Habitat Modeling Workshop 

in Yankton, SD (August 21-23, 2007), sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 

Participated in Missouri River Research Compendium workshop for US Army 

Corps of Engineers (Feb. 6, 2007) to develop key questions and conceptual models 

of ecological function and restoration in the Missouri River. 

Participant in Bill Williams River Ecosystem Flows Workshop (sponsored by 

The Nature Conservancy and US Army Corps of Engineers), March 16-18, 2005 at 

Arizona State University 

Mentor for SEEDS (program for minority students in ecology) student at 2002 

ESA Conference 

Chair/Moderator of Session: “Riparian Ecology”, 2002 Ecological Society of 

America Conference 

Chair/Moderator of Session: “Vegetation Pattern and Plant-Environment 

Relationships”, 2001 US Chapter of the International Association for Landscape 

Ecology (US-IALE) Conference 

Community Outreach: 

Interviewed by Joplin Globe newspaper for article “Cottonwood Loss Another

Change Observed along Missouri River”, Feb. 5, 2017 (Jan. 31 – Feb. 5, 2017). 

Interviewed by Yankton Press & Dakotan newspaper (with Tim Cowman and 

David Swanson) for article “A Repeat? Five Years After 2011 Flood, Officials Work 

to Answer Questions, Forecast Future”, Oct. 29, 2012 (Oct. 28-29, 2016). 

Interviewed by KCAU-TV Channel 9 (ABC Affiliate in Sioux City, IA) for story 

“This Week is the 5-Year Anniversary of the Flooding of the Missouri River: One 

Man Recalls the Chaos”, (aired May 31, 2016).

Guest Speaker, Big Muddy Seminar Series, Missouri River Relief, Rocheport, 

MO. Gave talk “The ‘Cottonwood Conundrum’ and the Flood of 2011” (May 12, 

2015) 

Guest Speaker, Missouri River Watershed School Festival. Gave poster 

presentation on cottonwood forests to 6 groups (~75-100 kids total) of local middle 

and high school students (May 2, 2014). 

Interviewed by SD Public Broadcasting (along with Tim Cowman about 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 76/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ecological impacts of Missouri River flood for documentary “Challenging Waters”

(aired June 12, 2012). 

Interviewed by Yankton Press & Dakotan newspaper for article about 2011 

Missouri River flood and upcoming Missouri River Educational Lecture series 

(interview on March 20, 2012, article published June 7, 2012). 

Interviewed by KDLT-TV News (NBC affiliate in Sioux Falls, SD) about class on 

Missouri River at Ponca State Park (Science, Culture, and History of the Missouri 

River), July 20, 2011 (“USD Instructors Promote Missouri River Flood Education”).

http://www.kdlt.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10758&Itemi 

d=57 

Gave presentation on my research to USD Biology Club (Dec. 11, 2009). 

Hosted visit to my lab by Vermillion Middle School students (4 groups, ~30 

students total) as part of a science inquiry theme (August 30, 2008). Talked about 

questions, approaches, and findings of my landscape ecological research on the 

Missouri River. 

Presenter at 3rd Annual Clay County 5th Graders “River Appreciation Day” in 

Vermillion, SD. Co-lead sessions on river plants with Ron Thaden (April 25, 2008) 

Assisted with Science Olympiad, Ecology section, for South Dakota Middle 

School and High School students at University of South Dakota (April 5, 2008 and 

March 28, 2009) 

Participant and presenter in public program and panel discussion on the future 

of cottonwood forests along the Missouri River, Betty Strong Encounter Center, 

February 17, 2008, Sioux City, Iowa. Interviewed on KCAU-TV Channel 9 

Eyewitness News (ABC affiliate in Sioux City). 

Hosted four visiting undergraduate students from Benedictine College 

(Atchison, Kansas) during a visit to my lab to learn ArcGIS and aerial photography 

interpretation basics (February 14, 2008) 

Invited speaker for Missouri River Futures (stakeholder group for issues on the 

Missouri River) full-group meeting, November 7, 2007, Ponca, NE (also in 

Presentations section). 

Invited speaker at monthly meeting of Living River Group chapter of the 

Sierra Club, March 20, 2007, Vermillion, SD (also in Presentations section). 

Panelist in USD School of Business International Forum: “Global warming and 

South Dakota: When will the Missouri dry up?” February 28, 2007 (noon) at Al

Neuharth Media Center, University of South Dakota. (also see Presentations 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 77/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

section). 

C. University Service 

C.1 University Committees 

Campus Tree Advisory Committee, (April 2017-present). Help meet requirements to reestablish USD as a Tree Campus USA by National Arbor Day Foundation. Provide input to 

campus tree care plan and service learning activities. 

U.Discover Evaluation Committee, Committee Member (February 2017 - Present). 

Evaluated U.Discover summer research program applications, helped interview candidates, 

and helped select awardees. 

Graduate Council, University level committee, Elected (Fall 2009 – Spring 2013) 

Committee approves policies for the graduate programs at the University, decides on 

changes of curriculum requests, approves designation of faculty to graduate status, and 

selects student awardees for several graduate research scholarships. In addition, I (with two 

other committee members) helped develop a more standardized protocol for students to 

apply for awards and for the Graduate Council to score and select awardees. 

C.2 College/Division Committees and Offices 

College of Arts and Sciences Enrollment Management Committee, (September 2018 -

Present). 

Promotion and Tenure Committee for Biology Department, Committee Chair (Sept. 15 

– Nov. 5, 2019). Organized meeting, reviewed application packet for full professor for one 

candidate, and wrote letter stating recommendations of committee. 

Nolop Nomination Committee, Committee Member (November 5, 2018 - January 7, 

2019). Reviewed applications and made recommendations for Nolop Professorship and 

Nolop Distinguished Professorship in Biology Department. 

Promotion and Tenure Committee for Physics Department, Outside Member (Oct. 6 -

30, 2017 - Present). Review one application for promotion. 

Promotion and Tenure Committee for English Department, Outside Member (Oct. 2 –

Nov. 13, 2017). Review one application for tenure and promotion and three pre-tenure 

reviews. 

College Blue Ribbon Task Force on Student Recruitment, Member (Sept. 2017-August 

2018). Help develop and implement strategies for increasing undergraduate student 

recruitment at USD. Serve as contact person for Biology (see below). 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 78/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arts & Sciences Scholarship Committee, College of Arts and Sciences, Appointed 

(Spring 2008-Spring 2009, Fall 2015-present). Helped review and select awardees for 

several student scholarships offered through the College of Arts and Sciences. 

Sustainability Program Affiliate Faculty (Aug. 2015-present) 

Missouri River Institute Internal Advisory Committee, Member (April 2013-June 2014). 

Provide input on funding initiatives, etc. for Missouri River-related research. 

Missouri River Institute Affiliated Faculty (Aug. 2006-present) 

Science Division Vice Chair, College of Arts and Sciences, Elected (Fall 2008-Fall 2009) 

C.3 Biology Department Committees 

Spatial Modeler Faculty Search Committee, Member (Sept. 21 – Dec. 15, 2018). 

Reviewed applications, helped conduct Skype interviews, and helped select finalists who 

were invited to campus to interview. 

Ecological Modeler Postdoc Search Committee, Member (May 1, 2018 - July 24, 2018). 

Reviewed applications, helped conduct Skype interviews, and helped select candidate. 

Ecological Modeler Faculty Search Committee, Member (November 2017 - April 2018). 

Reviewed applications, helped conduct Skype interviews, and helped select finalists who 

were invited to campus to interview. 

Biology Public Relations Committee, Member (Sept. – Oct. 2017). Help develop materials 

and ideas for promoting the Biology Department, particularly for student outreach. Help 

develop updated brochure for Biology major. 

Biology Contact for Student Recruitment, Appointed (Sept. 2016-present). Serve as 

contact in Biology Department for College Blue Ribbon Task Force on Student Recruitment 

(see above). Contact/correspond with potential Biology undergraduate students (emailed 

~1500 in Spring 2017), help draft outreach materials, periodically meet and talk with 

students and families during campus visits, assist chair by serving as departmental point 

person at recruiting events, as needed. 

Curriculum Planning and Review Committee, Member, (Aug. 2006-Aug. 2013, Feb. 

2016-present) 

Graduate Steering Committee, Chair, (Sept. 2011-Sept. 2014), Member (Sept. 2015-

present). As Chair, drafted and submitted substantive program modifications for MA, MS, 

and PhD programs. As member, helped develop policy, screen and select students for 

graduate program, and select Ph.D. students for departmental RA positions. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 79/123 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ad Hoc Committee re: Senior Seminar & Writing Intensive Course Requirement, 

Member, (Feb. -Sept. 2016) 

Ad Hoc Committee for Departmental Improvement, Member (Sept.-Dec. 2014) 

Biology Space Committee, Chair, (Sept.-Dec. 2014) 

Ecosystem Biologist Search Committee, Chair, (Sept. 2012-Feb. 2013). Helped advertise, 

select candidates, schedule interviews, host candidate visits. Search succeeded in hiring Dr. 

Jeff Wesner. 

Public Relations Committee, Chair, (Sept. 2011-Aug. 2012), Member (Fall 2009-Sept. 

2011) 

Helped develop departmental annual newsletters in 2011 and 2013, with information about 

faculty research areas, student awards, alumni updates, etc. Newsletter was circulated to 

alumni and for fundraising purposes. 

Biology Travel Committee, Member (Fall 2011-Spring 2012). Helped select graduate 

student awardees for departmental travel grants. 

Ad Hoc Committee on Biology Curriculum Revision, Member (Fall 2008). Discussed 

changes to Biology curriculum, particularly on whether biology introductory sequence 

should be changed from four to two semesters. Curriculum was changed to two-semester 

introductory biology sequence. 

Aquatic Biologist faculty position search committee, Member (Fall 2007-Spring 2008). 

Helped review applications, select short-list of interview candidates, and conduct 

interviews. 

Missouri River Institute Executive Director search committee, Member (Fall 2006-

Spring 2007). Helped recruit applicants, review applications, select short-list of interview 

candidates, and conduct telephone and in-person interviews. 

Biology Library Committee, Member (Fall 2007-Spring 2008) 

Biology Equipment Committee, Member (Fall 2007-Spring 2008 ) 

Biology Foundation Committee (Fall 2006-Spring 2007) 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 80/123 
Appendix IV: Curriculum Vitae of Olden, Julian, D., Ph.D. 

Julian D. Olden 

Professor 

School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences 

University of Washington 

Professional Preparation 

University of Wisconsin Limnology Pos. D., 2006 

Colorado State University 

University of Toronto 

University of Toronto 

Ecology 

Zoology 

Zoology 

Ph.D., 2004 

M.Sc., 2000 

B.Sc., 1998 

Professional Appointments 

Professor Univ. Washington 2016 -

Associate Professor 

Adjunct Research Fellow 

Assistant Professor 

Univ. Washington 

Griffith University 

Univ. Washington 

2011 - 2016 

2006 -

2006 - 2011 

Publications (selected from 260 total publications, h-index=70) 

Olden, J.D., J.R.S. Vitule, J. Cucherousset, and M.J. Kennard. 2020. There’s more to fish than 

just food: Exploring the diverse ways that fish contribute to human society. Fisheries, in 

press. 

Tickner, D., J.J. Opperman, R. Abell, M. Acreman, A.H. Arthington, S.E. Bunn, S.J. Cooke, J. 

Dalton, W. Darwall, G. Edwards, I. Harrison, K. Hughes, T. Jones, D. Leclère, A.J. Lynch, P. 

Leonard, M.E. McClain, D. Muruven, J.D. Olden, S.J. Ormerod, J. Robinson, R.E. Tharme, 

M. Thieme, K. Tockner, M. Wright, L. Young. 2020. Bending the curve of global 

freshwater biodiversity loss – an emergency recovery plan. BioScience 70: 330-342. 

Kuehne, L., Strecker, A., and J.D. Olden. 2020. Knowledge exchange and social capital for 

freshwater ecosystem assessments. BioScience 70: 174-183. 

Tonkin, J.D., Poff, N.L., Bond, N.R., Horne, A., Merritt, D.M., Olden, J.D., Reynolds, L.V., 

Ruhi, A., and D.A. Lytle. 2019. Preparing river ecosystems for an uncertain future. Nature 

570: 301-303. 

Grill, G., B. Lehner, M. Thieme, B. Geenen, D. Tickner, F. Antonelli, S. Babu, P. Borrelli, L. 

Cheng, H. Crochetiere, H. Ehalt Macedo, R. Filgueiras, M. Goichot, J. Higgins, Z. Hogan, B. 

Lip, M. McClain, J.-h. Meng, M. Mulligan, C. Nilsson, J. D. Olden, J. Opperman, P. Petry, 

C. Reidy Liermann, L. Saenz, S. Salinas-Rodríguez, P. Schelle, R. J. P. Schmitt, J. Snider, F. 

Tan, K. Tockner, P. H. Valdujo, A. van Soesbergen, and C. Zarfl. 2019. Mapping the world's 

free-flowing rivers. Nature 569: 215-221. 

Couto, T.B.A., and J.D. Olden. 2018. Global proliferation of small hydropower plants –

science and policy. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 16:91-100. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 81/123 
4 

Giam, X., Simberloff, D., and J.D. Olden. 2018. Impact of coal mining on stream 

biodiversity in the US and its regulatory implications. Nature Sustainability 1: 176-

183. 

Ruhí‡, A., Messager, M. and J.D. Olden. 2018. Tracking the pulse of the Earth’s fresh waters. 

Nature Sustainability 1: 198-203. 

Chen, W. and J.D. Olden. 2017. Designing flows to resolve human and environmental water 

needs in a dam-regulated river. Nature Communications. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02226-

Poff, N.L., and J.D. Olden. 2017. Can dams be designed for sustainability? Science 358:1252-

1253. 

Comte, L. and J.D. Olden. 2017. Climatic vulnerability of the world’s freshwater and marine

fishes. Nature Climate Change. doi:10.1038/nclimate3382 

Tonkin, J. D., Merritt, D.M., Olden, J.D., L.V. Reynolds, L.V., Lytle, D.A. 217. Flow 

regime alteration degrades ecological networks in riverine ecosystems. Nature 

Ecology and Evolution, doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0379-0. 

Kopf, R.K., Nimmo, D.G., Humphries, P., Baumgartner, L.J., Bode, M., Bond, N.R., Byrom, 

A.E., Cucherousset, J., Keller, R.P., King, A.J., McGinness, H.M., Moyle, P.B., and J. D. 

Olden. 2017. Confounding the risks of rapid, large-scale invasive species control. Nature 

Ecology and Evolution 1, 0172. doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0172. 

Moore, J.W. and J.D Olden. 2017. Response diversity, non-native species, and disassembly rules 

buffer freshwater ecosystem processes from anthropogenic change. Global Change Biology 

23:1871-1880. 

Kuehne, L., Olden, J.D., Strecker, A., Lawler, J.J., and D. Theobald. 2017. Past, present, and 

future of ecological integrity assessment for fresh waters. Frontiers in Ecology and the 

Environment 15: 197- 205. 

Closs, G.P., M. Krkosek, and J.D. Olden. 2016. Conservation of Freshwater Fishes (Editors). 

Cambridge University Press. 

Early, R.I., Bradley, B.A., Dukes, J.S., Lawler, J.J., Olden, J.D., Blumenthal, D.M., D’Antonio, 

C.M., Gonzalez, P., Grosholz, E.D., Miller, Ibanez, I., L.P., Sorte, C.J.B. and A.J. Tatem. 

2016. Global threats from invasive alien species in the 21st Century and national response 

capacities. Nature Communications 7. doi:10.1038/ncomms12485. 

Kuehne, L. and J.D. Olden. 2015. Lay summaries needed to enhance science communication. 

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 112: 3585-3586. 

Olden, J.D., C. Konrad, T. Melis, M. Kennard, M. Freeman, M. Mims, E. Bray, K. Gido, N. 

Hemphill, D. Lytle, L. McMullen, M. Pyron, C. Robinson, J. Schmidt and J. Williams. 2014. 

Are large-scale flow experiments informing the science and management of freshwater 

ecosystems? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12: 176-185. 

Lawler, J.J., Ruesch, A., Olden, J.D., and B. McRae. 2013. Projected faunal migration routes for 

a changing climate. Ecology Letters 16: 1014-1022. 

Olden, J.D., Kennard, M.K., Lawler, J.J., and N.L. Poff. 2011. Challenges and opportunities for 

implementing managed relocation of species for freshwater conservation. Conservation 

Biology 25: 40-47. 

Poff, N.L., Olden, J.D., Merritt, D.M., and D.M. Pepin. 2007. Homogenization of regional river 

dynamics by dams and global biodiversity implications. Proceedings of the National 

Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 104: 5732-5737. 

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Grants (selected) 

Department of Defense. Flow-population models for tracking non-stationary $1,630,000 

changes in riparian and aquatic ecosystems (2015-2019). Co-PI 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Assessing aquatic integrity in western US (14-16). $170,000 

Lead-PI 

Department of Defense. Predicting, measuring, and monitoring aquatic $1,560,000 

invertebrate biodiversity on dryland military bases. (2012-2016). Co-PI 

Department of Defense. Hydroecology of intermittent streams: will landscape $1,478,000 

connectivity sustain aquatic organisms in a changing climate? (2010-2014). 

Lead-PI 

U.S. Geological Survey (Aquatic GAP Program). Conservation planning for fishes $780,000 

in the Upper Colorado River Basin (2010-2013). Co-PI 

U.S. Geological Survey (National Fish Habitat Initiative). Assessing the threats to $379,000 

freshwater fishes in the Lower Colorado River Basin (2009-2011). Co-PI 

Awards 

H.B.N. Hynes Lecturer, Canadian Rivers Institute (2015) 

Aldo Leopold Leadership Fellow, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment 

(2015-present) Ecological Society of America – Early Career Fellow (2013) 

Stevenson Memorial Lecturer Award - Canadian Conference for Fisheries 

Research (2011) Early Career Conservationist Award - Society for 

Conservation Biology (2010) 

Outstanding Researcher Award - College of the Environment, University of Washington 

(2010) 

Synergistic Activities 

Center for Creative Conservation, Co-director –University of Washington (2015-2018): 

The Center for Creative Conservationis ahybrid think-tank, research group, and 

collaborative innovation network of diverse partners that develops and implements 

strategies to ensure ecosystem sustainability in natural and built environments. 

Doris Duke Conservation Scholars Program, Steering Committee – University of 

Washington (2013- present): This ambitious project seeks to shift the demographic 

landscape at major conservation institutions to more accurately reflect the 

multicultural, multiethnic and interdisciplinary society of today and tomorrow. A 

tightly-bind cohort of undergraduates from across the nation participates in a 3-year 

journey exploring why conservation can make a difference. 

Freshwater Working Group, Board Member - Society of Conservation Biology (2013-

present): Working group that reports directly to SCB Executive Office on matters 

related to the biggest pressures and key processes threatening fresh waters and 

consequences for human livelihood and health. 

Policy Rapid Response Team - Ecological Society of America (2012-present): Working closely 

with the ESA’s Public Affairs Office to identify the potential ecological consequences of 

proposed federal regulations and legislation, respond quickly to media inquiries, assist 

ESA with position statements, present ecological research at ESA congressional briefings, 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 83/123 
 

and interact with congressional offices. 

Science Communication Task Force, Member -College of the Environment, University of 

Washington (2012-present):DevelopingtheCollege’spositionstatement on 

advancingsciencecommunication by faculty, staff and graduate students. The task 

force is charged with changing the culture of science communication in the College 

by seeking opportunities to better engage in outreach. 

NationalInvasiveSpeciesCouncil–AdvisoryCommittee(2012):Providedexpertise 

regardingemerging vectors of biological invasions in the United States associated with 

the electronic commerce era. 

Freshwaters Illustrated, Board of Directors (2010-2018): Serving on the Board of Directors 

for this nonprofit organization whose mission is to educate diverse public audiences 

about the life, study, and conservation of freshwater ecosystems through illustrative 

science-based efforts, and to provide illustrative resources and services to scientists, 

educators, and media specialists. 

Climate Change andGlobal Health Joint InitiativeFaculty Fellow -University of 

Washington (2010-2018): A trans-disciplinary initiative that focuses on food security 

and water resources, where 10 faculty fellows collaborate to realize new approaches to 

water and food security. 

Editor for Ecological Applications (2013-present), Frontiers in Ecology and the 

Environment (2010- present), Elementa (2012-present), Ideas in Ecology and Evolution 

(2008-present), Conservation Biology (2010-2012), Global Ecology and Biogeography 

(2006-2010). 

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Appendix V: Curriculum Vitae of Rosi, Emma J., Ph.D 

Emma J. Rosi, Ph.D. Senior Scientist 

Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies 

EDUCATION 

PhD. 2002. University of Georgia, Institute of Ecology, Athens, Georgia. Advisor Judy L. 

Meyer. 

M.S. 1997. University of Georgia, Department of Entomology, Athens, Georgia. Advisor J. 

Bruce Wallace. 

B.S. 1994. University of Michigan, Anthropology/Zoology. 

RESEARCH FOCUS 

Stream ecosystem processes and biogeochemistry, aquatic food webs, urban ecology, 

agricultural effects on streams, aquatic macroinvertebrates, large river ecology, and 

contaminants. 

ACADEMIC POSITIONS 

Senior Scientist, July 2015-Present, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook NY. 

Associate Scientist, July 2009-2015, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook NY. 

Associate Professor, May 2009-June 2009, Departments of Biology and Natural Science, Loyola 

University of Chicago. 

Assistant Professor, September 2004-2009, Departments of Biology and Natural Science, Loyola 

University of Chicago. 

Post-Doctoral Research Associate, September 2002-2004, Department of Biological Sciences, 

University of Notre Dame. Advisors: Jennifer L. Tank and Gary A. Lamberti. 

SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITIES 

Director (Lead PI), Baltimore Ecosystem Study, Long-term Ecological Research Site, Jan 2016-

present 

Science Advisory Roles: Ecological Processes and Effects Committee, US EPA Science 

Advisory Board, 2013-present. Connectivity of Waters of the US, US EPA Science 

Advisory Board, July 2013-2014. LTER Executive Board, 2013-2016. 

Society for Freshwater Science, Special Assistant to the President (Vice President), May 2014-

2017. 

Awards Committee Member May 2013-present. 

Associate Editor, Ecosystems, March 2010-present. Editorial Board Member, Freshwater 

Biology, June 2016-present. 

Awards: Kaeser Scholar, Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Oct 2015 (Kaeser 

scholars are selected by the graduate students). Fine Fellow, Fine Outreach for Science: 

Gigapan, Carnegie Mellon University, October 2009. Sujack Award for Excellence in 

Teaching, College of Arts and Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Spring 2007. 

Legislative Briefings: Pennsylvania State Assembly Briefing “Environmental consequences of 

pharmaceuticals in surface waters”, Feb. 2017. Cheseapeake Bay Commission Briefing 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 85/123 
“Environmental consequences of pharmaceuticals in surface waters”, Jan 2017. US Congress 

briefing for the Long Term Ecological Research: regional data for large scale 

environmental issues congressional briefing organized by AIBS. Talk title: “The sanitary 

to the sustainable city: Long-term ecological research of the Baltimore urban ecosystem,” 

June 2014. US Congress briefing focused on science related to the Water Resources 

Development Act organized by the Consortium of Aquatic Science Societies (CASS) 

Talk title: "Rivers: Dynamic, connected ecosystems", May 2013. 

PUBLICATIONS 

LaDeau, S.L., B.A. Han, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, and K.C. Weathers. 2017. The next decade of big 

data in ecosystem science. Ecosystems 20: 1-10. 10.1007/s10021-016-0075-y. 

Griffiths1a Natalie A. , Jennifer L. Tank, Todd V. Royer, Emma J. Rosi, Arial J. Shogren, 

Therese C, and Matt R. Whiles. 2017. Occurrence, leaching, and degradation of Cry1Ab 

protein from transgenic maize detritus in agricultural streams. Science of the Total 

Environment 592: 97–105. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.065 

Reisinger, A. J., E. J. Rosi, H. A. Bechtold, T. R. Doody, S. S. Kaushal, and P. M. Groffman. 

2017. Recovery and resilience of urban stream metabolism following Superstorm Sandy 

and other floods. Ecosphere 8(4):e01776. 10.1002/ecs2.1776 

Bernhardt, E.S., E.J. Rosi, and M.O. Gessner. 2017. Synthetic chemicals: a neglected driver of 

global change. Submitted to Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 

Bechtold, H. A., E. J. Rosi, D. R. Warren, and W. S. Keeton. 2017. Forest Age Influences Instream Ecosystem Processes in Northeastern US. Ecosystems DOI: 10.1007/s10021-016-

0093-9. 

Reisinger, A.J., P.M. Groffman, and E.J. Rosi-Marshall. 2016. Nitrogen-cycling process rates 

across urban ecosystems. 2016. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 92. 

doi:10.1093/femsec/fiw198 

Groffman, P.M, M. L Cadenasso, J. Cavender-Bares, D. L Childers, N. B Grimm, J M. Grove, S. 

E Hobbie, L. R Hutyra, G D. Jenerette, T. McPhearson, D. E Pataki, S.TA Pickett, R. V 

Pouyat, E. Rosi-Marshall, B. L Ruddell. 2016. Moving Towards a New Urban Systems 

Science. Ecosystems. 10.1007/s10021-016-0053-4. 

Lee, S.S., A. Paspalof, D. Snow, E. Richmond, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, and J.J. Kelly. 2016. 

Occurrence and potential biological effects of amphetamine in stream ecosystems. 

Environmental Science and Technology 50:9727-35. doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b03717 

Richmond, E.K., E.J. Rosi-Marshall, S.S. Lee, R.M. Thompson, and M.R. Grace. 2016. 

Antidepressants affect stream ecosystems: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 

decrease algal production, but increase insect emergence. Freshwater Science 35 (3), 845-

855. 

Pickett, S.T.A , M.L. Cadenasso, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, K.T. Belt, P.M. Groffman, J.M. Grove, 

E.G. Irwin, S.S. Kaushal, S.L. LaDeau, C.H. Nilon, C.M. Swan, and P.S. Warren. 2016. 

Dynamic heterogeneity: a framework to promote ecological integration and hypothesis 

generation in urban systems. Urban Ecosystems. doi:10.1007/s11252-016-0574-9 

Rosi-Marshall, E., E.S. Bernhardt, G.E. Likens, C.T. Driscoll, and D.C Buso. 2016. Acid rain 

mitigation experiment shifts a forested watershed from a net sink to a net source of 

nitrogen. PNAS 113:7580-7583. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 86/123 
Rosi-Marshall, E., K.L. Vallis, C.V. Baxter, and J.M. Davis. 2016. Retesting a prediction of the 

River Continuum Concept: autochthonous versus allochthonous resources in the diets of 

invertebrates. Freshwater Science 35:534-543. doi:10.1086/686302 

Costello, D.M., E.J. Rosi-Marshall, L.E. Shaw, M.R. Grace, and J.J. Kelly. 2015. A novel 

method to assess effects of chemical stressors on biofilm structure and function. 

Freshwater Biology. doi:10.1111/fwb.12641 

Reisinger, A.J., J.L. Tank, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, R.O. Hall, Jr., and M.A. Baker. 2015. The varying 

role of water column nutrient removal along a river continua in contrasting landscapes. 

Biogeochemistry 125:115-131. doi:10.1007/s10533-015-0118-z 

Wagner, A., J. DalSoglio, J. Harris, P. Labus, D. Larson, E. Rosi-Marshall, and K. Skrabis. 2015. 

A guide for establishing restoration goals for contaminated ecosystems. Integrated 

Environmental Assessment and Management 12:264-272. doi:10.1002/ieam.1709 

Hall, R.O., J.L. Tank, M.A. Baker, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, and E.R. Hotchkiss. 2015. Metabolism, 

gas exchange, and carbon spiraling in rivers. Ecosystems 19:73. doi:10.1007/s10021-015-

9918-1 

Rosi-Marshall, E.J., H.A. Wellard Kelly, R.O. Hall, Jr., and K.A. Vallis. 2015. Methods for 

quantifying aquatic macroinvertebrate diets. Freshwater Science. doi:10.1086/684648 

Walters, D.M., E.J. Rosi-Marshall, T.A. Kennedy, W.F. Cross, and C.V. Baxter. 2015. Mercury 

and selenium accumulation in the Colorado River food web, Grand Canyon, USA. 

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 10:2385-2394. 

Rosi-Marshall, E.J., and J. J. Kelly. 2015. Antibiotic stewardship should consider environmental 

fate of antibiotics. Environmental Science and Technology 49. 

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01519 

Hall Jr., R.O., C.B. Yackulic, T.A. Kennedy, M.D. Yard, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, N. Voichick, and 

K.E. Behn. 2015. Turbidity, light, and hydropeaking control daily variation in primary 

production in the regulated Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona. Limnology and 

Oceanography 60:512- 526. doi:10.1002/lno.10031 

Zahn Seegert, S.E., E.J. Rosi-Marshall, C.V. Baxter, T.A. Kennedy, R.O. Hall, Jr., and W.F. 

Cross. 2015. Diet overlap suggests competition between native small-bodied fishes and 

non-native fathead minnow in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona. Transactions 

of the American Fisheries Society 143:1072-1083. 

Subalusky, A., C. Dutton, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, and D.M. Post. 2015. The hippopotamus conveyor 

belt: vectors of carbon and nutrients from terrestrial grasslands to aquatic systems in subSaharan Africa. Freshwater Biology 60:512-525. doi:10.1111/fwb.12474 

Rosi-Marshall, E.J., D. Snow, S.L. Bartelt-Hunt, *A. Paspalof, and J.L. Tank. 2015. A review of 

ecological effects and environmental fate of illicit drugs in aquatic ecosystems. Journal of 

Hazardous Materials 282:18-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.062 

Dodds, W.K., S.M. Collins, S.K. Hamilton, J.L. Tank, S. Johnson, J.R. Webster, K.S. Simon, 

M.R. Whiles, H.M. Rantala, W.H. McDowell, S.D. Peterson, T. Riis, C.L. Crenshaw, 

S.A. Thomas, P.B. Kristensen, B.M. Cheever, A.S. Flecker, N.A. Griffiths, T. Crowl, E.J. 

Rosi-Marshall, R. El Sabaawi, and E. Martí. 2014. You are not always what we think you 

eat: selective assimilation across multiple whole-stream isotopic tracer studies. Ecology 

95:2757-2767. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 87/123 
Hotchkiss, E.R., R.O. Hall Jr., M.A. Baker, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, and J.L. Tank. 2014. Modeling 

priming effects on microbial consumption of dissolved organic carbon in rivers. Journal 

of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 119:982-995. doi:10.1002/2013JG002599 

Strayer, D.L., J.J. Cole, S.E.G. Findlay, D.T. Fischer, J.A. Gephart, H.M. Malcom, M.L. Pace, 

and E.J. Rosi-Marshall. 2014. Decadal-scale change in a large-river ecosystem. 

Bioscience 64:496-510. 

Roales, J., J.H. Durán, *H.A. Bechtold, P.M. Groffman, and E.J. Rosi-Marshall. 2013. High 

resolution measurement of light in terrestrial ecosystems using photodegrading dyes. 

PLoSOne 8:e75715. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075715 

Hall Jr., R.O., M.A. Baker, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, J.L. Tank, and J.D. Newbold. 2013. Solute 

specific scaling of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in streams. Biogeosciences 

10:6671-6693. 

Drury, B., J. Scott, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, and J.J. Kelly. 2013. Triclosan exposure increases 

triclosan resistance and alters taxonomic composition of benthic bacterial communities. 

Environmental Science and Technology 47:8923-8930. dx.doi.org/10.1021/es401919k 

Warren, D.R., W.S. Keeton, H.A. Bechtold, and E.J. Rosi-Marshall. 2013. Comparing streambed 

light availability and canopy cover in streams with old-growth versus early-mature 

riparian forests in western Oregon. Aquatic Sciences 75:547. doi:10.1007/s00027-013-

0299-2 

Griffiths, N.A., J.L. Tank, T.V. Royer, S.S. Roley, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, M.R. Whiles, J.J. 

Beaulieu, and L.T. Johnson. 2013. Agricultural land use alters the seasonality and 

magnitude of stream metabolism. Limnology and Oceanography 58:1513-1529. 

Cross, W.F., C.V. Baxter, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, R.O. Hall, Jr., T.A. Kennedy, K.C. Donner, H.A. 

Wellard Kelly, and S. Zahn Seegert. 2013. Food web dynamics in a river discontinuum. 

Ecological Monographs 83:311-337. 

Davis, J.M., C.V. Baxter, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, J.L. Pierce, and B.T. Crosby. 2013. Anticipating 

stream ecosystem responses to climate change: toward predictions that incorporate effects 

via land– water linkages. Ecosystems 16:909-922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-013-

9653-4 

Rosi-Marshall, E.J., D. Kincaid, H.A. Bechtold, T.V. Royer, M. Rojas, and J.J. Kelly. 2013. 

Pharmaceuticals suppress algal growth and microbial respiration and alter bacterial 

communities of stream biofilms. Ecological Applications 23:583-593. 

Wellard Kelly, H.A., E.J. Rosi-Marshall, T.A. Kennedy, R.O. Hall, Jr., W.F. Cross, and C.V. 

Baxter. 2013. Turbidity in a large regulated river drives patterns of resource use by 

macroinvertebrates. Freshwater Science 32:397-410. 

Drury, B., E.J. Rosi-Marshall, and J.J. Kelly. 2013. Wastewater treatment effluent reduces the 

abundance and diversity of benthic bacterial communities in urban and suburban rivers. 

Applied and Environmental Molecular Biology 79:1897. doi:10.1128/AEM.03527-12 

Bechtold, H.A., E.J. Rosi-Marshall, D.R. Warren, and J.J. Cole. 2012. A practical method for 

measuring integrated solar radiation reaching streambeds. Freshwater Science 31:379-

388. 

Rosi-Marshall, E.J. and T.V. Royer. 2012. Pharmaceutical compounds and ecosystem function: 

an emerging research challenge for aquatic ecologists. Ecosystems 15:867-880. 

doi:10.1007/s10021- 012-9553-z 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 88/123 
Hall, R.O. Jr., T.A. Kennedy, and E.J. Rosi-Marshall. 2012. Air-water oxygen exchange in a 

large, whitewater river. Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments 2:1-11. 

doi:10.1215/21573689-1572535 

Hoppe, P.D., E.J. Rosi-Marshall, and H.A. Bechtold. 2012. The antihistamine cimetidine alters 

invertebrate growth and population dynamics in artificial streams. Freshwater Science 

31:379- 388. 

Griffiths, N.A., J.L. Tank, T.V. Royer, T.J. Warrner, T.C. Frauendorf, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, and 

M.R. Whiles. 2011. Temporal variation in organic carbon spiraling in Midwestern 

agricultural streams. Biogeochemistry 108:149-169. doi:10.1007/s10533-011-9585-z 

Cross, W.F., C.V. Baxter, K.C. Donner, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, T.A. Kennedy, R.O. Hall, Jr., *H.A. 

Wellard Kelly, and R.S. Roger. 2011. Ecosystem ecology meets adaptive management: 

food web response to a controlled flood on the Colorado River, Glen Canyon. Ecological 

Applications 21:2016-2055. 

Hoellein, T.J., J.L. Tank, S.A. Entrekin, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, M.L. Stephen, and G.A. Lamberti. 

2013. Effects of benthic habitat restoration on nutrient uptake and ecosystem metabolism 

in three headwater streams. River Research and Applications 28:1451-1461. 

doi:10.1002/rra.1547 

Pouyat, R.V., K.C. Weathers, R. Hauber, G.M. Lovett, A. Bartuska, L. Christenson, J.L.D. 

Davis, S.E.G. Findlay, H. Menninger, E. Rosi-Marshall, P. Stine, and N. Lymn. 2010. 

The role of federal agencies in the application of scientific knowledge. Frontiers in 

Ecology and the Environment 8:322-328. 

Tank, J.L., E.J. Rosi-Marshall, T.V. Royer, M.R. Whiles, N.A. Griffiths, T.C. Frauendorf, and 

D.J. Treering. 2010. Occurrence of maize detritus and a transgenic insecticidal protein 

(Cry1Ab) within the stream network of an agricultural landscape. Proceedings of the 

National Academies of Sciences 107:17645-17650. 

Hoellein, T., J.L. Tank, J.J. Kelly, and E.J. Rosi-Marshall. 2010. Seasonal variation in nutrient 

limitation of microbial biofilms colonizing organic and inorganic substrata in streams. 

Hydrobiologia 649:331-345. 

Cross, W. F., E. J. Rosi-Marshall, K. Behn, T. A. Kennedy, R. O. Hall, A. E. Fuller, and C. V. 

Baxter. 2010. Invasion and production of New Zealand mud snails in the Colorado River, 

Glen Canyon. Biological Invasions doi:10.1007/s10530-010-9694-y 

Chambers, C. P., M. R. Whiles, E. J. Rosi-Marshall, J. L. Tank, T. V. Royer, N. A. Griffiths, M. 

A. Evans-White, and A. Stojak. 2010. Responses of stream macroinvertebrates to Bt 

maize leaf detritus. Ecological Applications 20:1949-1960. 

Tank, J. L., E. J. Rosi-Marshall, N. A. Griffiths, S. A. Entrekin, and M. L. Stephen. 2010. A 

review of allochthonous organic matter dynamics and metabolism in streams. Journal of 

the North American Benthological Society, Special 25th Anniversary Issue 29:118-146e. 

Warrner, T. J., T. V. Royer, J. L. Tank, N. A. Griffiths, E. J. Rosi-Marshall, and M. R. Whiles. 

2010. Origin and bioavailability of dissolved organic carbon in agricultural headwater 

streams in Indiana, USA. Biogeochemistry 95:295–307. 

Entrekin, S. A., J. L. Tank, E. J. Rosi-Marshall, T. J. Hoellein, and G. A. Lamberti. 2009. 

Response of secondary production by macroinvertebrates to large wood addition in three 

Michigan streams. Freshwater Biology 54(8):1741-1758. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 89/123 
Hoellein T. J., J. L. Tank, E. J. Rosi-Marshall, and S.A. Entrekin. 2009. Temporal variation of 

substratum-specific rates of N uptake and metabolism and their relative contribution at 

the stream-reach scale. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 28:305–

318. 

Griffiths, N. A., J. L. Tank, T. V. Royer, C. P. Chambers, M. A. Evans-White, T. C. Frauendorf, 

E. J. Rosi-Marshall, and M. R. Whiles. 2009. Microbial respiration and decomposition of 

conventional and genetically-engineered corn detritus in Midwestern US agricultural 

streams. Ecological Applications 19:133–142. 

Schofield, K. A., C. M. Pringle, J. L. Meyer, and E. J. Rosi-Marshall. 2008. Functional 

redundancy of macroconsumers across human-impacted landscape. Freshwater Biology 

53:2587–2599. 

Tank, J. L., E. J. Rosi-Marshall, M. A. Baker, and R. O. Hall. 2008. Are rivers just big streams? 

Using a novel method to quantify nitrogen demand in a large river. Ecology 89:2935–

2945. 

Cordova, J. M., E. J. Rosi-Marshall, J. L. Tank, and G. Lamberti. 2008. Coarse particulate 

organic matter transport in low-gradient streams of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. 

Journal of the North American Benthological Society 27:760–771. 

Entrekin, S. A., J. L. Tank, E. J. Rosi-Marshall, T. J. Hoellein, and G. A. Lamberti. 2008. 

Responses in organic matter accumulation and processing to an experimental wood 

addition in three headwater streams. Freshwater Biology 53:1642–1657. 

Marvier, M., Y. Carriere, N. Ellstrand, P. Gepts, P. Kareiva, E. J. Rosi-Marshall, B. Tabashnik, 

L. L.Wolfenbarger. 2008. Harvesting data from USA’s grand experiment with genetically 

engineered crops. Science 320:452-453. 

Rosi-Marshall, E. J., J. L. Tank, T.V. Royer, M. R. Whiles, M. Evans-White, C. Chambers, N. A. 

Griffiths, J. Pokelsek, and M. L. Stephen. 2007. Toxins in transgenic crop byproducts 

may affect headwater stream ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of 

Sciences 104:16204-16208. 

Entrekin, S. A., E. J. Rosi-Marshall, J. L. Tank, T. J. Hoellein, and G. A. Lamberti. 2007. 

Macroinvertebrate secondary production in forested sand-bottom streams of the upper 

Midwest. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 26:472–490. 

Hoellein, T. J., J. L. Tank, E. J. Rosi-Marshall, S. A. Entrekin, and G. A. Lamberti. 2007. 

Controls on spatial and temporal variation of nutrient uptake in three Michigan headwater 

streams. Limnology and Oceanography 52:1964-1977. 

Cordova, J., E. J. Rosi-Marshall, A. Yamamuro, and G. A. Lamberti. 2007. Quantity, controls, 

and functions of large woody debris in Midwestern U.S.A. streams. River Research and 

Applications 23:21–

Rosi-Marshall, E. J., A. H. Moerke, and G. A. Lamberti. 2006. Ecological responses to 

rehabilitation of a Northern Michigan trout stream. Environmental Management 38:99-

107. 

Rosi-Marshall, E. J. and J. L. Meyer. 2004. Quality of suspended fine particulate matter in the 

Little Tennessee River. Hydrobiologia 519:29-37. 

Rosi-Marshall, E. J. 2004. Quality of suspended fine particulate matter along an urban river. 

Freshwater Biology 49:515-625. 

Rosi-Marshall, E. J. and J. B. Wallace. 2002. Invertebrate food webs along a stream resource 

gradient. Freshwater Biology 47:129-141. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 90/123 
Rosi-Marshall, E. J., J. L. Meyer, K. Neumann, and W. B. Lyons. 2001. Defining away metal 

contamination in Georgia streams. Hatcher, K. J. (Ed.). Proceedings of the Georgia Water 

Resources Conference. Published by the Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia. 

Rosi, E. J. 1999. A critique of new water quality criteria in Georgia: Policy and ecological 

implications. Hatcher, K. J. (Ed.). Proceedings of the Georgia Water Resources 

Conference. Published by the Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia. 

BOOK CHAPTERS 

Tank, J. L., M. J. Bernot, and E. J. Rosi-Marshall. 2006. Nitrogen limitation and uptake. Pp. 213-

238. In: F. R. Hauer and G. A. Lamberti (Eds.). Methods in Stream Ecology. Academic 

Press. Groffman, P.M. and E.J. Rosi-Marshall. 2013. The nitrogen cycle. pp. 137-157. In: 

K.C. Weathers, D.L. Strayer and G.E. Likens. Fundamentals of Ecosystem Science. 

Academic Press. 

PUBLISHED REPORTS 

Rosi-Marshall, E. J., T. A. Kennedy, D. W. Kincaid, W. F. Cross, H. A. W. Kelly, K. A. Behn, 

T. White, R. O. Hall, Jr., and C. V. Baxter. 2010. Short-term effects of the 2008 highflow experiment on macroinvertebrates in the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam, 

Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1031, 28 p. 

Melis, T. S., D. J. Topping, P. E. Grams, D. M. Rubin, S. A. Wright, A. E. Draut, J. E. Hazel, Jr., 

B. E. Ralston, T. A. Kennedy, E. Rosi-Marshall, J. Korman, K. D. Hilwig, and L. M. 

Schmit. 2010. 2008 High-flow experiment at Glen Canyon Dam benefits Colorado River 

resources in Grand Canyon National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3009, 

4 p. 

Kelly, J., E. Rosi-Marshall, and J. Scott. 2015. Ecotoxicology of antimicrobial pharmaceutical 

and personal care products in Illinois rivers and streams. Illinois Sustainable Technology 

Center – Research Report Series, 57 p. 

OUTREACH PUBLICATIONS 

Rosi-Marshall, E.J. 2011. “Deadly frog disease illustrates dangers of wildlife trade”

Poughkeepsie Journal, 4 Dec. 

Rosi-Marshall, E.J. 2011. “Colorado River can be revived” Poughkeepsie Journal, 11 Sept. 

Rosi-Marshall, E. J. 2010. “Our river on drugs” Poughkeepsie Journal, 14 Feb. 

GRANTS 

Rosi, E.J. and others. “LTER: Dynamic heterogeneity: Investigating causes and consequences of 

ecological change in the Baltimore urban ecosystem” National Science Foundation. Total 

award $2,254,000. March 1 2017- Feb 2018, 2010. 

Egan, S. P., J. L. Feder, D. M. Lodge, J. L. Tank, C. E. Tanner, S. T. Ruggiero, A. Aubeneua, 

and E. J. Rosi, “Monitoring the Dispersal of Genetically Engineered Organisms and Their 

Byproducts Using Light Transmission Spectroscopy II, USDA Biotechnology Risk 

Assessment Research Grants Program ($43,956 via sub-award from Rice University), 

October 1,2016 – September 30, 2018. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 91/123 
 

C. Redmond and N. Grimm, Arizona State University. “Urban River Sustainability Research 

Network”. National Science Foundation. Total award $12,000,00. Award amount to CoPI Rosi-Marshall and Groffman at Cary Institute $799,656. Sept 15, 2015- Sept 2018. 

Groffman, P. M., E. J. Rosi-Marshall, and S. LaDeau. “Collaborative Coastal SEES: Restoration, 

redevelopment, revitalization and nitrogen in a coastal watershed.” National Science

Foundation DEB, $702,875. October 2014-September 2017. 

Rosi-Marshall, E. J. “Collaborative Research: Wildlife subsidies interact with discharge to 

influence ecosystem function of a large African river.” (In Collaboration with D. Post, 

Yale University) National Science Foundation DEB, $437,620. April 2014-May 2017. 

Egan, S. P., J. L. Feder, D. M. Lodge, J. L. Tank, S. Howard, C. E. Tanner, S. T. Ruggiero, and 

E. J. Rosi-Marshall. “Monitoring the dispersal of genetically engineered organisms and 

their byproducts using light transmission spectroscopy.” US Department of Agriculture, 

$500,000 (Rosi-Marshall subcontract: $56,958.) 2013-2015. 

Grace, M. (Monash University), P. Marriott (Monash University), E. J. Rosi-Marshall, R. 

Coleman (Melbourne Water Corporation), and V. Pettigrove (Melbourne Water 

Corporation and the University of Melbourne). "Impacts of pharmaceuticals and personal 

care products on Australian aquatic ecosystems." Australian Research Council Linkage 

Grant, ID# LP130100040, $428,000 (A$). July 2013-June 2016. 

Rosi-Marshall, E. J. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Artificial Stream Facility for 

Pharmaceutical Research. Wallace-Genetic Foundation and Cornell-Douglas Foundation, 

$170,000. 2012-2014. 

Berkowitz, A., E. J. Rosi-Marshall, S. Findlay, and F. Keesing. REU Site: Translation Ecology 

for Undergraduates. National Science Foundation, $595,927. 2010-2015. 

Pickett, S. et al. (Rosi-Marshall is a Co-PI). Baltimore Ecosystem Study, Long-Term Ecological 

Research: Phase III – Adaptive Processes in the Baltimore Socio-Ecological System: 

From the Sanitary to the Sustainable City. National Science Foundation, $5,640,000. 

2011-2016. 

LaDeau, S., E. J. Rosi-Marshall, J. J Cole, and J. Wallace. Collaborative Research: Trophic 

regulation and support of mosquitoes: An ecosystem approach to pest emergence along 

an urban gradient. National Science Foundation, $150,000. 2010-2012. 

Strayer, D., S. Findlay, J. J. Cole, M. Pace, and E. J. Rosi-Marshall. LTREB: Long-term effects 

of a species invasion on an aquatic ecosystem. National Science Foundation, $450,000. 

2010-2015. 

Rosi-Marshall, E. J., D. Warren, W. Keeton, and J. J. Cole. Evaluating the influence of riparian 

forest structure on stream ecosystems across the northern forest. Northeastern States 

Research Cooperative, $149,568. 2010-2013. 

Rosi-Marshall, E. J. Research Experience for Undergraduates Supplement, 2010. National 

Science Foundation, $6,000 (2009). 

Kelly, J. J, E. J. Rosi-Marshall, and T. Chow. Ecotoxicology of antimicrobial pharmaceutical and 

personal care products in Illinois rivers and streams. Illinois Waste Management and 

Research Center, $129,800. 2008-2010. 

Rosi-Marshall, E. J. (Collaborative proposal with J. L. Tank, M. A. Baker, R. O. Hall, and M. R. 

Sivapalan). Using empirical and modeling approaches to extend nutrient spiraling from 

rivulets to rivers. National Science Foundation, $782,000. 2009-2012. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 92/123 
Hall, R. O. and E. J. Rosi-Marshall. Linking whole-system carbon cycling to quantitative food 

webs in the Colorado River. US Geological Survey, $1,217,000. 2006-2011. 

Soranno, P., K. S.Cheruvelil, E. J. Rosi-Marshall, and J. L. Tank. Water resources assessment of 

the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. National Park Service, $75,000. 2005-2006. 

Rosi-Marshall, E. J. Occurrence and ecological effects of pharmaceutical chemicals in Chicago 

metropolitan area streams. Illinois Water Resources Association, $40,000. 2005-2007. 

Tank, J. L., E. J. Rosi-Marshall, M. R. Whiles, and T. V. Royer. Cycling of novel allochthonous 

carbon in Midwestern agricultural streams. National Science Foundation, $591,000. 

2005-2008. 

PUBLIC EDUCATION 

Teale Lecture, Our Rivers on Drugs, University of Connecticut Storrs, November 2016. Public 

Lecture at the Cary Institute, Our Rivers on Drugs. February 2015. 

Presenter at Baltimore Science for a Sustainable City, Clean waters – what pollutants are we 

dealing with on the Gwynns Falls, Gwynns Run and Watershed 263. Baltimore, MD. 

October 2014. 

Presenter at the Beacon Sloop Club, March 2015. Our Rivers on Drugs. 

Keynote Speaker at the Hudson River Watershed Alliance meeting, Ecological effects of 

contaminants of emerging concern. Hyde Park, NY. 7 October 2014. 

Keynote Speaker at the Southern Connecticut Science Fair, Your River on Drugs: inputs, fate 

and ecology effects of pharmaceuticals on aquatic ecosystems. Connecticut. April 2013. 

Lecture for Skeneateles High School. Invited to be the annual Environmental Studies Speaker. 

Supported by the Skeneateles Lake Association, Your River on Drugs: inputs, fate and 

ecology effects of pharmaceuticals on aquatic ecosystems. Skeneateles, NY. April 2013. 

Lecture to the College Board AP Biology Readers Program. Your River on Drugs: inputs, fate 

and ecology effects of pharmaceuticals on aquatic ecosystems. There were 450 AP 

Biology teachers and college professors in attendance. Kansas City, MO. June 2012. 

Celebrating 40 Years of the Clean Water Act, A Conference of the Hudson River Environmental 

Society. Outside the scope of the Clean Water Act: The ecological consequences 

contaminants of emerging concern on freshwater ecosystems. March 2012. Cary Institute 

Hydrofracking Forum, Moderator, April 2012. 

North Country Garden Club, Your River on Drugs. Long Island, NY. March 2012. University of 

Maryland Baltimore County, Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, 

Novel contaminants in aquatic ecosystems: inputs, fates and potential ecological effects. 

February 2012. 

Public Lecture at the Cary Institute, Genetically Modified Crops and the Environment: An 

Evolving story. October 2011. 

Freshwater Forum at the Cary Institute, Human Impacts to Freshwater. May 2011. Nine Partners 

Garden Club, Adventures in Aquatic Ecology. June 2011. 

Clarkston Environmental Summer Invited speaker, Human Impacts to Freshwater. March 2011. 

Short lecture/hike with Dave Strayer on Freshwater Ecology, Autumn Celebration, Cary 

Institute, October 2010. 

Adventures in Aquatic Ecology, The challenges of studying food webs of the Colorado River, 

Grand Canyon. Ecodiscovery Day. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies. May 2010. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 93/123 
Fates and Sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aquatic ecosystems. Hudson 

River Environmental Society - What’s in our Water Conference. Poughkeepsie, NY. 

April 2010. 

GRADUATE STUDENTS SUPERVISED 

P. Hoppe, MS, Loyola University of Chicago, Advisor 2006-2010. 

H. Wellard Kelly, MS, Loyola University Chicago, Advisor 2006-2010. 

S. Zahn, MS, Loyola University Chicago, Advisor 2007-2010. 

K. Vallis, MS, Loyola University Chicago, Advisor 2008-2011. 

K. Donner, MS, Idaho State University, Committee Member 2008-2010. 

R. VanDuzor, MS, Loyola University Chicago, Committee Member 2007-2010. 

L. Dandridge, MS, Loyola University Chicago, Committee Member 2006-2010. 

A. J. Reisinger, PhD, University of Notre Dame, Committee Member 2010-Present. 

A. Subalusky, PhD. Yale University, Committee Member 2011-Present. 

A. Paspalof, M.S. University of Nebraska Lincoln, Co-Advisor 2013-Present. 

E. Richmond, PhD, Monash University, Co-Advisor, 2014-Present. 

K. MacNeil, PhD. Cornell University, Committee Member, 2013-Present. 

A. Shogren, PhD. University of Notre Dame, Committee Member 2014-Present. 

R. Marinos, PhD, Duke University, Committee Member, 2014-Present. 

A. Sparkman, PhD., University of Maryland College Park, Committee Member, 2015-Present. 

J. Blaszczak, PhD. Duke University, Committee Member, 2015-Present. 

POST-DOCS SUPERVISED 

W. Cross, University of Wyoming, Co-Mentored, 2006-2009. 

J. Davis, Idaho State University, Co-Mentored, 2009-2011. 

H. Bechtold, Cary Institute, Mentor, 2010-2013. 

S. Lee, Cary Institute, Mentor, 2013-Present. 

A.J. Reisinger, Cary Institute, Mentor, 2015-Present. 

A. Subalusky, Cary Institute, Mentor, 2016-Present. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 94/123 
Appendix VI: Curriculum Vitae of Sweeney, Mark R., Ph.D. 

Mark R. Sweeney 

Department of Sustainability & Environment 

University of South Dakota 

EDUCATION 

Ph.D. 2004 Washington State University Geology 

M.S. 1999 University of Nebraska-Lincoln Geosciences 

B.S. 1997 University of Nebraska-Lincoln Geology 

EXPERIENCE 

University of South Dakota Professor 2018-present 

University of South Dakota Associate Professor 2012-present 

University of South Dakota Assistant Professor 2006-2012 

Desert Research Institute Post-Doctoral Research Associate 2004-2006 

RESEARCH INTERESTS 

• Eolian processes: primarily the formation, transport, and deposition of dust 

• Eolian-Fluvial interactions 

• Quaternary geomorphology and sedimentology of loess and its links to paleoclimatology 

• Arid land geomorphology and paleoclimatology 

AWARDS OR RECOGNITIONS 

• 2017, University of South Dakota College of Arts & Sciences Richard and Sharon Cutler 

Award in Liberal Arts (Science and Math Division) 

• 2009, Geological Society of America Gladys W. Cole Memorial Research Award, “Late

Holocene geomorphic response of Kelso Wash, eastern Mojave Desert: climatic versus 

base level control of a desert dust source.”, $9,900

TEACHING EXPERIENCE 

• Dynamic Earth (ESCI 101, 4 cr), Physical Geology 

• Earth & Life Through Time (ESCI 103, 4 cr), Historical Geology 

• National Parks and Monuments (ESCI 201, 2 cr) 

• Environmental Earth Science (ESCI 205, 3 cr) 

• Conducted Field Trip (ESCI 396, 1-2 cr), to Death Valley 

• Principles of Geomorphology & Lab (ESCI 411/511, 3 cr) 

• Global Climate Change (ESCI 416/516; was ESCI 360, 3 cr) 

• Introduction to River Studies (ESCI 442, 3 cr) 

• Principles of Sedimentology & Lab (ESCI 443, 4 cr) 

• Fundamentals of Hydrogeology (ESCI 473/573, 3 cr) 

• Capstone Course in Earth Sciences (ESCI 495, 1 cr) 

• The Future of Water (UHON 390, 3 cr), honors course 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 95/123 
GRANTS RECEIVED (SINCE 2010) 

• 2019-2021, “Testing the feasibility of critical terrain condition prediction for military 

planning and operations using soil-landscape system features and related climatic 

parameters,” U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, subaward from Desert Research Institute, 

$66,261. 

• 2018-2021, “Evaluating post-flood sandbar succession and species biodiversity related to 

listed species habitat”, National Park Service, PIs: M. Dixon, D. Swanson and M. 

Sweeney, $299,996. 

• 2017-2020, “Land surface processes, dust sources and particulate fluxes for the 1930s 

Dust Bowl Drought area, Great Plains, USA”, National Science Foundation Geography 

and Spatial Sciences, PI: Steve Forman (Baylor U.), $220,033, USD subaward years 2-3: 

$44,788. 

• 2016-2019, “Modeling linkages among soil-terrain-atmospheric processes critical for 

military operations”, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, subaward from Desert Research 

Institute, $25,735. 

• 2015-2016, "Characterization of sediment sources in the Lewis and Clark Lake Delta", 

Missouri Sedimentation Action Coalition, PI: M. Sweeney, $21,057. 

• 2015-2016, "Sustainable Rivers: Integrating Earth Science & Sustainability Across the 

Curriculum", National Science Foundation InTeGrate subaward, PIs: M. Sweeney, M. 

Jarchow, $43,620. 

• 2011-2013, “Lewis and Clark Lake Sediment Accumulation Illustration Project”, 

Missouri Sediment Action Coalition, PI: T. Cowman, Co-PIs: M. Dixon and M. 

Sweeney, $15,627. 

• 2011-2012, “Acquisition of a Portable In Situ Wind Erosion Lab (PI-SWERL) for 

research in Earth Sciences”, National Science Foundation Instrumentation & Facilities 

(EAR-1029116), PI: M. Sweeney, $53,500. 

• 2011: “Collaborative Research: Mechanisms Producing Variation in Lake Salinity in 

Dune Environments: Nebraska” National Science Foundation subaward (EAR-0609982), 

$11,110. 

SELECTED PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS 

Sweeney, M.R., McDonald, E.V., Chabela, L.P., Hanson, P.R., 2020, The role of eolian-fluvial 

interactions and dune dams in landscape change, late Pleistocene-Holocene, Mojave 

Desert, USA. Geological Society of America Bulletin, doi:10.1130/B35434.1 

Bolles, K., Sweeney, M., Forman, S., 2019, Meteorological catalysts of dust events and particle 

source dynamics of affected soils during the 1930s Dust Bowl drought, Southern High 

Plains, USA. Anthropocene, v. 27, p. 1-23, doi:10.1016/j.ancene.2019.100216. 

Sweeney, M.R., Fischer, B., Wormers, K., Cowman, T., 2019, Eolian and fluvial 

modification of Missouri River sandbars deposited by the 2011 flood, USA. 

Geomorphology, v. 327, p. 111-125. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.10.018 

Sweeney, M.R., McDonald, E.V., Gaylord, D.R., 2017, Generation of the Palouse loess: 

Exploring the linkages between glaciation, outburst megafloods, and eolian deposition in 

Washington State. Geological Society of America Field Guide 49. 

doi:10.1130/2017.0049 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 96/123 
Bolles, K., Forman, S.L., Sweeney, M.R., 2017, Eolian processes and heterogeneous dust 

emissivity during the 1930s Dust Bowl Drought and implications for projected 21st 

century megadroughts. The Holocene, doi:10.117/0959683617702235 

Sweeney, M.R., Zlotnik, V.A., Joeckel, R.M., Stout, J.E., 2016, Geomorphic and hydrologic 

controls of dust emissions during drought from Yellow Lake playa, West Texas, USA. 

Journal of Arid Environments, v. 133, p. 37-46. doi:10.1016/j.aridenv.2016.05.007 

Sweeney, M.R., Lu, H., Cui, M., Mason, J.A., Feng, H., Xu, Z., 2016, Sand dunes as potential 

sources of dust in northern China. Science China Earth Sciences, v. 59, p. 760-769. doi: 

10.1007/s11430-015-5246-8. 

Sweeney, M. R., McDonald, E. V., Markley, C.E., 2013, Alluvial sediment or playas: what is the 

dominant source of sand and silt in desert soil Av horizons, southwest USA. Journal of 

Geophysical Research – Earth Surface, 118, doi:10.1002/jgrf.20030. 

McDonald, E.V., Sweeney, M.R., Busacca, A.J., 2012, Glacial outburst floods and loess 

sedimentation documented during oxygen isotope stage 4 on the Columbia Plateau, 

Washington State. Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 45, p. 18-30. 

Sweeney, M.R., McDonald, E.V., Etyemezian, V., 2011, Quantifying dust emissions from desert 

landforms, eastern Mojave Desert, USA. Geomorphology, v. 135, p. 21-34. 

Sweeney, M., V. Etyemezian, T. Macpherson, W. Nickling, J. Gillies, G. Nikolich, and E. 

McDonald, 2008, Comparison of PI-SWERL with dust emission measurements from a 

straight-line field wind tunnel, Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, F01012, 

doi:10.1029/2007JF000830. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 97/123 
Appendix VII: Curriculum Vitae of Wohl, Ellen E., Ph.D. 

Ellen E. Wohl 

Professor of Geology and University Distinguished Professor 

Dept of Geosciences 

Colorado State University 

WEBSITES: https://sites.warnercnr.colostate.edu/ellenwohl/ 

https://sites.warnercnr.colostate.edu/fluvial-geomorphology/ 

DEGREES: Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 

BS in Geology, 1984 

University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 

PhD in Geosciences, 1988 

OTHER POSITIONS: 

1989-1989 Faculty Research Associate, Dept of Geosciences, University of Arizona 

1989-1995 Assistant Professor, Dept of Earth Resources, Colorado State University 

1995-2000 Associate Professor, Dept of Earth Resources, Colorado State University 

MEMBERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES: 

Geological Society of America (Fellow) 

American Geophysical Union (Fellow) 

SCHOLARSHIPS, AWARDS, AND HONORS: 

Graduation with honors from Arizona State University, magna cum laude 

Sulzer Scholarship (University of Arizona), 1984-1985 

Graduate Academic Scholarship (University of Arizona), 1984-1985, 1987-1988 

SOCAL Fund Grant (University of Arizona), 1986-1987 

Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid-of-Research, 1986-1987 

Geological Society of America Research Grant, 1986-1987 

Fulbright-Hays Postgraduate Research Grant, 1986-1987 

Butler Scholarship (University of Arizona), 1987-1988 

Gladys W. Cole Memorial Award, Geological Society of America, 1995 

Fellowship, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 1995-1996 

Water Center Award for Outstanding Contributions to Interdisciplinary Water Education, 

Research, and Outreach (Colorado State University), 2001 

G.K. Gilbert Award, Association of American Geographers, 2000 and 2003 

Kirk Bryan Award, Geological Society of America, 2009 

Distinguished International Fellow, Department of Geography, Durham University, England, 

2010 

Scholarship Impact Award, Colorado State University, 2015 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 98/123 
 

 

Outstanding Mentor Award, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, 

2015 

Ralph Alger Bagnold Medal, European Geosciences Union, 2017 

CSU University Distinguished Professor, 2017 

Distinguished Career Award, GSA Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology Division, 2018 

G.K. Gilbert Award, Earth and Planetary Surfaces Section, AGU, 2018 

Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, 2019 

Borland Hydraulics Award, Colorado State University, 2020 

Mel Marcus Distinguished Career Award, AAG, 2020 

Member of Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, Sigma Xi 

Theses and dissertations supervised and completed: 52 MS theses, 29 PhD dissertations 

EXTERNAL GRANTS: 

66. Assessing the Stream Network on the Old Elk Ranch (2018-2019) 

$95,000 from the Richardson Foundation 

65. Longitudinal Variability in Large Wood Along the Merced River, Yosemite National Park 

$70,000 from the US National Park Service (2018-2019) 

64. Collaborative Research: Emergent Hydrological Properties Associated with Multiple 

ChannelSpanning Logjams (2018-2021) 

$265,984 from the National Science Foundation (co-PI Kamini Singha, CO School of 

Mines & Audrey Sawyer, Ohio State U) 

63. Wood-based carbon discharge to the Arctic Ocean (2018-2020) 

$341,379 from the National Science Foundation 

62. Assessing the potential for beaver restoration and likely environmental benefits (2017-2018) 

$19,880 from the City and County of Boulder, Colorado 

61. Quantifying and predicting the attenuation of downstream fluxes associated with beaver 

meadows (2016-2018) 

$279,066 from the National Science Foundation (co-PI T. Covino, CSU) 

60. Longitudinal patterns of organic carbon storage in mountainous river networks (2016-2019) 

$257,828 from the National Science Foundation 

59. Collaborative Research: RAPID: Calibrating Shallow Geophysical Techniques to Detect 

Large 

Wood Buried in River Corridors (2016) 

$14,619 from the National Science Foundation (co-PI K. Sinha, CO School of Mines) 

58. The 47th Annual Binghamton geomorphology Symposium (2016) 

$42,000 from the National Science Foundation (co-PIs S. Rathburn, CSU, F. Magilligan, 

Dartmouth) 

57. Floodplain carbon storage in mountain rivers (2016-2017) 

$15,749 from the National Science Foundation (DDRI for Nicholas Sutfin) 

56. Geophysical characterization of the Sand Creek site 

$27,000 from the National Park Service 

55. The active channel and the ordinary high water mark (2015-2016) 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 99/123 
 

$27,834 from DOD-Army Corps of Engineers 

54. Organic carbon storage in beaver meadows (2015-2016) 

$7,270 from the National Geographic Society 

53. Floodplain-instream wood interactions in the Central Yukon River Basin (2014-2015) 

$15,810 from the National Geographic Society 

52. Carbon fluxes to the Arctic Ocean via wood export from the Mackenzie River drainage basin 

(2012-2013) 

$9,575 from the National Geographic Society 

51. Leaky Rivers: Nutrient Retention and Productivity in Rocky Mountain Streams Under 

Alternative Stable States (2012-2015) 

$633,745 from National Science Foundation (co-PI D. Walters, USGS) 

51. Tropical Hydrology Workshop (2011) 

$13,070 from the US Army Research Office 

50. Landscapes in the Anthropocene: Exploring the human connections (2010) 

$49,558 from National Science Foundation (co-PI A. Chin, University of Colorado) 

49. Environmental flow strategy validation (2010-2012) 

$45,000 from USDA Forest Service 

48. White River analysis (2009-2012) 

$75,000 from USDA Forest Service 

47. Watershed to local scale characteristics and function of intermittent and ephemeral streams 

on military lands (2010-2014) $1,499,657 from U.S. Army Strategic Environmental 

Research and Development Program (co-PIs D. Cooper, S. Kampf, CSU) 

46. RAPID: Pre-disturbance surveys of wood loads in headwater streams of the Colorado Front 

Range (2009-2010) 

$30,435 from National Science Foundation 

45. SGER: Influence of postglacial rebound on river longitudinal profiles in Sweden (2007-

2009) $35,000 from National Science Foundation 

44. Development of a national protocol for riparian assessment (2007-2009) 

$117,500 from USDA Forest Service 

43. Wood loading in headwater neotropical forest streams (2007-2010) 

$283,030 from National Science Foundation 

42. Measurements of roughness coefficient for steep channels (2007-2009) 

$257,204 from National Science Foundation 

41. Mapping longitudinal distribution of wood along forest streams (2005-2006) 

$21,071 from USDA Forest Service 

40. Testing the existence of a threshold discharge in bedrock channels (2005-2008) 

$203,617 from National Science Foundation 

39. Develop service-wide concepts for riparian habitat and stream restoration (2004-2007) 

$303,692 from National Park Service (co-PI D. Cooper, CSU) 

38. Assessing snow-making impacts to stream channels (2004-2006) 

$75,004 from USDA Forest Service (co-PI B. Bledsoe, CSU) 

37. Geomorphic effects of a jokulhlaup (2004-2005) 

$61,474 from National Science Foundation 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 100/123 
 

 

36. Rivers, roads, and people: Complex interactions of overlapping networks in watersheds 

(2003-2007) $1,700,000 from National Science Foundation (co-PIs, J. Loomis, J. 

Ramirez, M. 

Laituri, CSU) 

35. International Collaboration: Flow hydraulics along step-pool channels (2003-2004) 

$6804 from National Science Foundation 

34. Assessment of historical and contemporary land-use impacts on pool habitat in the Upper 

South Platte River drainage basin (2003-2006) $73,212 from USDA Forest Service 

33. Anabranching channels in jointed bedrock: an integrated flume and field study (2003-2005) 

$124,781 from National Science Foundation (co-PI G. Springer, Ohio University) 

32. Flow hydraulics along step-pool channels (2003-2004) 

$8,000 from National Science Foundation 

31. Gradient-related trends in mountain channel geometry (2003) 

$11,300 from National Science Foundation 

30. Quantifying historical and contemporary coarse sediment input and storage and fine sediment 

storage along Black Canyon (2002-2003) 

$50,012 from US National Park Service 

29. Hierarchical physical classification of western streams (2000-2004) 

$788,144 from EPA (co-PIs B. Bledsoe, L. Poff, C. Watson, CSU) 

28. Wetland, Aquatic and Riparian Protocols (2000-2005) 

$142,550 from USDA Forest Service (co-PIs D. Cooper and L. Poff, CSU) 

27. North Fork Gunnison River Improvement Project (2000-2001) 

$50,000 from the North Fork River Improvement Association (co-PI D. Cooper, CSU) 

26. Quantitative modeling of channelized flow within a karst stream (2000-2002) 

$102,185 from National Science Foundation 

25. Hydraulic resistance of large woody debris in step pool channels (2000-2001) 

$2175 from the National Science Foundation (REU supplement) 

24. Characterizing channel disturbance regimes in hydroclimatically extreme regions (2000-

2003) 

$162,639 from the US Army Research Office 

23. Chemical weathering in granitic channels of India and the United States (1999-2001) 

$12,192 from the National Science Foundation 

22. Hydraulic resistance of large woody debris in step pool channels (1999-2001) 

$78,200 from the National Science Foundation 

21. Acquisition of hydraulics instrumentation for field-based research (1999-2004) 

$54,068 from the National Science Foundation 

20. Instrumentation for disturbance regimes of hydrologically extreme regions (1999-2000) 

$122,562 from US Army Research Office 

19. Modeling flows for fish habitat maintenance (1998-2000) 

$45,000 from the Colorado Division of Wildlife 

18. Inventory of current and historic erosion-control projects in the Rio Puerco basin and 

quantification of sediment yields (1998-2000) 

$45,150 from the US Bureau of Land Management 

17. Mitigation of mountain-channel sedimentation resulting from reservoir sediment releases 

(1998- 2000) $72,670 from the National Science Foundation 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 101/123 
 

16. Channel response to reservoir sedimentation (1997-1998) 

$25,000 from Colorado Water Conservation Board, Trout Unlimited, and U.S. Bureau of 

Reclamation 

15. Flow resistance of large woody debris in headwater streams (1997-1999) 

$70,400 from NCASI (Ntnl Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream 

Improvement) 

14. Lithologic controls on bedrock channel morphology (1995-1996) 

$35,000 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 

13. Flood hazards associated with glacier-lakes in the eastern Himalaya Mountains (1994-1997) 

$82,756 from the National Science Foundation 

12. Energy expenditure in deep, narrow bedrock canyons (1994) 

$7000 from the Geological Society of America 

11. Integrative riparian ecosystem modeling along the Yampa River, Colorado (1994-1996) 

$39,777 from The Nature Conservancy’s Ecosystem Research Program

10. Integration of palynological and geomorphological analyses to determine paleoenvironmental 

conditions at the Hudson-Meng site (1993) 

$11,925 from the USDA Forest Service (co-investigator E. Kelly, CSU) 

9. Reconstruction of past river discharge in central Russia (1992) 

$3400 from the National Research Council and the National Academy of Science 

8. Regional flood hazard analysis (1991-1993) 

$299,930 from the National Science Foundation (co-investigator J. Salas, CSU) 

7. Validation of water yield thresholds on the Kootenai National Forest (1992-1994) 

$110,745 from the USDA Forest Service (co-investigator L. MacDonald, CSU) 

6. Paleoflood records in the southern Negev Desert (1991-1992) 

$7200 from the US-Israel Educational Foundation 

5. An evaluation of flooding in the vicinity of Harpers Ferry, West Virginia (1991-1992) 

$40,000 from the USDI National Park Service 

4. Controls on subalpine channel morphology (1991-1992) 

$20,000 from the USDA Forest Service 

3. Fluvial terraces: A tool for integrating geomorphic processes, climatic and tectonic events, and 

landscape development (1990-1992) $102,608 from the National Science Foundation (coinvestigator D. Merritts, F&M College) 

2. Holocene paleofloods of northern Australia (1989-1991) 

$24,050 from the National Geographic Society (co-investigator V. Baker, U. Az.) 

1. Paleoflood history of Redfield Canyon, Arizona (1989) 

$5711 from the Arizona Department of Water Resources 

BIBLIOGRAPHY: 

Refereed Publications 

231. Doughty MN, E Wohl, AH Sawyer, K Singha. 2020. Mapping increases in hyporheic 

exchange from channel-spanning logjams. Journal of Hydrology 587: 124931. 

230. Scott DN, E Wohl. In press. Geomorphology and climate interact to control organic carbon 

stock and age in mountain river valley bottoms. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 

229. Swanson FJ, SV Gregory, A Iroume, V Ruiz-Villanueva, E Wohl. In press. Reflections on 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 102/123 
the history of research on large wood in rivers. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 

228. Scamardo JE, E Wohl. 2020. Sediment storage and shallow groundwater response to 

beaver dam analogs in the Colorado Front Range, USA. River Research and Applications 

36: 398-409. 

227. Wohl E. 2020. Wood process domains and wood loads on floodplains. Earth Surface 

Processes and Landforms 45: 144-156. 

226. Scott, DN, Wohl E, Yochum SE. 2019. Wood jam dynamics database and assessment 

model (WooDDAM): A framework to measure and understand wood jam characteristics 

and dynamics. River Research and Applications 35: 1466-1477. 

225. Wohl E, E Iskin. 2019. Patterns of floodplain spatial heterogeneity in the Southern Rockies, 

USA. Geophysical Research Letters 46: 5864-5870. 

224. Wohl E, KB Lininger, SL Rathburn, NA Sutfin. 2020. How geomorphic context governs 

the influence of wildfire on floodplain organic carbon in fire-prone environments of the 

western United States. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 45: 38-55. 

224. Wohl E. 2019. Forgotten legacies: Understanding and mitigating historical human 

alterations of river corridors. Water Resources Research 55: 5181-5201. 

223. Ruiz-Villanueva V, B Mazzorana, E Blade, I Ribarren, L Mao, F Nakamura, D Ravazzolo, 

D Rickenmann, M Sanz-Ramos, M Stoffel, E Wohl. 2019. Characterization of woodladen flows in rivers. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 44: 1694-1709. 

222. Sutfin NA, E Wohl. 2019. Elevational differences in hydrogeomorphic disturbance 

regime influence sediment residence times within mountain river corridors. Nature 

Communications 10: 2221. 

221. Lininger KB, E Wohl. 2019. Floodplain dynamics in North American permafrost regions 

under a warming climate and implications for organic carbon stocks: a review and 

synthesis. Earth-Science Reviews 193: 24-44. 

220. Lininger KB, E Wohl, JR Rose, SJ Leisz. 2019. Significant floodplain soil organic carbon 

storage along a large high latitude river and its tributaries. Geophysical Research Letters 

46: 2121-2129. 

219. Wohl E, SK Hinshaw, JE Scamardo, PE Gutierrez-Fonseca. 2019. Transient organic 

jams in Puerto Rican mountain streams after hurricanes. River Research and Applications 

35: 280-289. 

218. Wohl E, N Kramer, V Ruiz-Villanueva, DN Scott, F Comiti, A Gurnell, H Piegay, KB 

Lininger, K Jaeger, D Walters, K Fausch. 2019. The natural wood regime in rivers. 

BioScience 69: 259-273. 

217. Wohl E. in press. Rivers in the Anthropocene: the US perspective. Geomorphology. 

216. Wohl E, G Brierley, D Cadol, TJ Coulthard, T Covino, KA Fryirs, G Grant, RG Hilton, SN 

Lane, FJ Magilligan, KM Meitzen, P Passalacqua, RE Poeppl, SL Rathburn, and LS 

Sklar. 2019. Connectivity as an emergent property of geomorphic systems. Earth Surface 

Processes and Landforms 44: 4-26. 

215. Laurel D, E Wohl. 2019. The persistence of beaver-induced geomorphic heterogeneity 

and organic carbon stock in river corridors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 44: 

342-353. 

214. Scott DN, E Wohl. 2019. Bedrock fracture influences on geomorphic process and form 

across process domains and scales. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 44: 27-45. 

213. Wohl E, KB Lininger, DN Scott. 2018. River beads as a conceptual framework for building 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 103/123 
carbon storage and resilience to extreme climate events into river management. 

Biogeochemistry 141: 365-383. 

212. Scott DN, EE Wohl. 2018. Geomorphic regulation of floodplain soil organic carbon 

concentration in watersheds of the Rocky and Cascade Mountains, USA. Earth Surface 

Dynamics 6: 1101-1114. 

211. Wollheim WM, S Bernal, DA Burns, JA Czuba, CT Driscoll, AT Hansen, RT Hensley, JD 

Hosen, S Inamdar, SS Kaushal, LE Koenig, YH Lu, A Marzadri, PA Raymond, D Scott, 

RJ Stewart, PJ Vidon, E Wohl. 2018. River network saturation concept: factors 

influencing the balance of biogeochemical supply and demand of river networks. 

Biogeochemistry 141: 503-521. 

210. Scott DN, EE Wohl. 2018. Natural and anthropogenic controls on wood loads in river 

corridors of the Rocky, Cascade, and Olympic Mountains, USA. Water Resources 

Research 54: 7893-7909. 

209. Wohl E. 2018. The challenges of channel heads. Earth-Science Reviews 185: 649-664. 

208. Wohl E, DN Scott, KB Lininger. 2018. Spatial distribution of channel and floodplain 

large wood in forested river corridors of the Northern Rockies. Water Resources 

Research 54: 7879-7892. 

207. Wohl E. 2018. Geomorphic context in rivers. Progress in Physical Geography 42: 841-857. 

206. Herdrich AT, DL Winkelman, MP Venarsky, DM Walters and E Wohl. 2018. 

The loss of large wood affects Rocky Mountain trout populations. Ecology of Freshwater 

Fishes 27: 1023-1036. 

205. Venarsky MP, DM Walters, RO Hall, B Livers, E Wohl. 2018. Shifting 

stream planform state decreases stream productivity yet increases riparian animal 

production. Oecologia 187: 167-180. 

204. Wohl E and A Pfeiffer. 2018. Organic carbon storage in floodplain soils of the U.S. 

prairies. River Research and Applications 34: 406-416. 

203. Wohl E, D Cadol, A Pfeiffer, K Jackson, and D Laurel. 2018. Distribution of large 

wood within river corridors in relation to flow regime in the semiarid western US. Water 

Resources Research 54: 1890-1904. 

202. Lininger KB, E Wohl, and JR Rose. 2018. Geomorphic controls on floodplain soil 

organic carbon in the Yukon Flats, interior Alaska, from reach to river basin scales. 

Water Resources Research 54: 1934-1951. 

201. Pfeiffer A and E Wohl. 2018. Where does wood most effectively enhance storage? 

Network-scale distribution of sediment and organic matter stored by instream wood. 

Geophysical Research Letters 45. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076057. 

200. Livers B, E Wohl, KJ Jackson and NA Sutfin. 2018. Historical land use as a driver 

for alternative states of stream form and function in forested mountain watersheds of the 

Southern Rocky Mountains. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 43: 669-684. 

199. Wohl E, KB Lininger, M Fox, B Baillie and WD Erskine. 2017. Instream large 

wood loads across bioclimatic regions. Forest Ecology and Management 404: 370-380. 

198. Wegener P, T Covino and E Wohl. 2017. Beaver-mediated lateral hydrologic 

connectivity, fluvial carbon and nutrient flux, and aquatic ecosystem metabolism. Water 

Resources Research 53: 4606-4623. 

197. Wohl E, KB Lininger and JS Baron. 2017. Land before water: the relative temporal 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 104/123 
sequence of human alteration of freshwater ecosystems in the conterminous United 

States. Anthropocene 18: 27-46. 

196. Wohl E. 2017. Connectivity in rivers. Progress in Physical Geography 41: 345-362. 

195. Righini M, N Surian, E Wohl, L Marchi, F Comiti, W Amponsah, and M Borga. 

2017. Geomorphic response to an extreme flood in two Mediterranean rivers 

(northeastern Sardinia, Italy): analysis of controlling factors. Geomorphology 290: 184-

199. 

194. Wohl E. 2017. The significance of small streams. Frontiers of Earth Science 11: 447-456. 

193. Garrett KK and EE Wohl. 2017. Climate-invariant area-slope relations in channel 

heads initiated by surface runoff. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 42: 1745-1751. 

192. Sutfin NA and E Wohl. 2017. Substantial soil organic carbon retention along 

floodplains of mountain streams. Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface 122: 

1325-1338. 

191. Wohl E, RO Hall, KB Lininger, NA Sutfin, and DM Walters. 2017. Carbon dynamics of 

river corridors and the effects of human alterations. Ecological Monographs 87: 379-409. 

190. Wohl E and D Scott. 2017. Transience of channel head locations following 

disturbance. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 42: 1132-1139. 

189. Scott DN and EE Wohl. 2017. Evaluating carbon storage on subalpine lake deltas. 

Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 42: 1472-1481. 

188. Rathburn SL, GL Bennett, EE Wohl, C Briles, B McElroy and N Sutfin. 2017. 

The fate of sediment, wood, and organic carbon eroded during an extreme flood, 

Colorado Front Range, USA. Geology 45: 499-502. 

187. Lininger KB, E Wohl, NA Sutfin and J Rose. 2017. Floodplain downed wood 

volumes: a comparison across three biomes. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 42: 

1248-1261. 

186. Kramer N, E Wohl, B Hess-Homeier and S Leisz. 2017. The pulse of driftwood over 

multiple timescales in a great northern river. Water Resources Research 53: 1928-1947. 

185. Kramer N and E Wohl. 2017. Rules of the road: A qualitative and quantitative synthesis 

of large wood transport through drainage networks. Geomorphology 279: 74-97. 

184. Ortega J, M Gómez-Heras, R Fort and E Wohl. 2017. How does anisotropy in 

bedrock river granitic outcrops influence pothole genesis and development? Earth 

Surface Processes and Landforms 42: 956-968. 

183. Laurel D and E Wohl. 2017. Examining the effect of geomorphic characteristics on 

pool temperatures for native fish habitat management in mountainous stream networks. 

Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 42: 1299-1307. 

182. Ortega-Becerril JA, A Jorge-Coronado, G Garzon and E Wohl. 2017. Sobrarbe 

Geopark: an example of highly diverse bedrock rivers. Geoheritage 9: 533-548. 

181. Wohl E. 2016. River geomorphic complexity. Progress in Physical Geography 40, 598-

615. 

180. Records R, E Wohl and M Arabi. 2016. Phosphorus in the river corridor. EarthScience Reviews 158: 65-88. 

179. Wohl E, S Rathburn, S Chignell, K Garrett, D Laurel, B Livers, et al. 2017. Mapping 

longitudinal stream connectivity in the North St. Vrain Creek watershed of Colorado. 

Geomorphology 277: 171-181. 

178. Wohl E. 2017. Bridging the gaps: an overview across time and space of wood in diverse 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 105/123 
rivers. Geomorphology 279: 3-26. 

177. Livers B and E Wohl. 2016. Sources and interpretation of channel complexity in 

forested subalpine streams of the Southern Rocky Mountains. Water Resources Research 

52, 3910-3929. 

176. Wohl E and DN Scott. 2017. Wood and sediment storage and dynamics in river 

corridors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 42, 5-23. 

175. Wohl E, BP Bledsoe, KD Fausch, N Kramer, KR Bestgen, and MN Gooseff. 2016. 

Management of large wood in streams: an overview and proposed framework for hazard 

evaluation. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 52, 315-335. 

174. Chin A, L An, JR Florsheim, LR Laurencio, RA Marston, AP Solverson, GL Simon, 

E Stinson, and E Wohl. 2016. Investigating feedbacks in human-landscape systems: 

lessons following a wildfire in Colorado, USA. Geomorphology 252, 40-50. 

173. Wohl E, SN Lane, and AC Wilcox. 2015. The science and practice of river 

restoration. Water Resources Research 51, 5974-5997. 

172. Sutfin N, E Wohl, and K Dwire. 2016. Banking carbon: a review of organic carbon 

reservoirs in river systems. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 41, 38-60. 

171. Kramer N and E Wohl. 2015. Driftcretions: the legacy impacts of driftwood on 

shoreline morphology. Geophysical Research Letters 42, 5855-5864. 

170. Wohl E. 2015. Particle dynamics: the continuum of bedrock to alluvial river segments. 

Geomorphology 241, 192-208. 

169. Wohl E. 2015. Legacy effects on sediments in river corridors. Earth-Science Reviews 147, 

30-53. 

168. Wohl E. 2015. Of wood and rivers: bridging the perception gap. WIREs Water 2, 167-176. 

167. Jackson KJ and E Wohl. 2015. Instream wood loads in montane forest streams of the 

Colorado Front Range, USA. Geomorphology 234, 161-170. 

166. Wohl E, BP Bledsoe, RB Jacobson, NL Poff, SL Rathburn, DM Walters, and AC 

Wilcox. 2015. The natural sediment regime: broadening the foundation for ecosystem 

management. BioScience 65, 358-371. 

165. Livers B and E Wohl. 2015. An evaluation of stream characteristics in glacial versus 

fluvial process domains in the Colorado Front Range. Geomorphology 231: 72-82. 

164. Caskey ST, TS Blaschak, E Wohl, E Schnackenberg, DM Merritt, and KA Dwire. 

2015. Downstream effects of stream flow diversion on channel characteristics and 

riparian vegetation in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA. Earth Surface Processes and 

Landforms 40, 586-598. 

163. Wohl E. 2014. A legacy of absence: wood removal in U.S. rivers. Progress in Physical 

Geography 38: 637-663. 

162. Yochum SE, BP Bledsoe, E Wohl, and GCL David. 2014. Spatial characterization of 

roughness elements in high-gradient channels of the Fraser Experimental Forest, 

Colorado, USA. Water Resources Research 50: 6015-6029. 

161. Sutfin NA, J Shaw, E Wohl, and D Cooper. 2014. A geomorphic classification of 

ephemeral channels in a mountainous, arid region, southwestern Arizona, USA. 

Geomorphology 221: 164-175. 

160. Wohl E. 2014. Time and the rivers flowing: fluvial geomorphology since 1960. 

Geomorphology 216: 263-282. 

159. Scott DN, DR Montgomery, and E Wohl. 2014. Log step and clast interactions in 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 106/123 
mountain streams in the central Cascade Range of Washington State, USA. 

Geomorphology 216: 180-186. 

158. Polvi LE, E Wohl and DM Merritt. 2014. Modeling the functional influence of vegetation 

type on streambank cohesion. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 39, 1245-1258. 

157. Kramer N and E Wohl. 2014. Estimating fluvial wood discharge using timelapse 

photography with varying sampling intervals. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 39, 

844-852. 

156. Beckman N and E Wohl. 2014. Carbon storage in mountainous headwater streams: the 

role of old-growth forest and logjams. Water Resources Research 50, 2376-2393. 

155. Beckman N and E Wohl. 2014. Effects of forest stand age on the characteristics of 

logjams in mountainous forest streams. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 39, 1421-

1431. 

154. Chin A, LR Laurencio, MD Daniels, E Wohl, MA Urban, KL Boyer, A Butt, H Piegay, 

and KJ Gregory. 2014. The significance of perceptions and feedbacks for effectively 

managing wood in rivers. River Research and Applications 30, 98-111. 

153. Wohl E and N Beckman. 2014. Controls on the longitudinal distribution of channelspanning logjams in the Colorado Front Range, USA. River Research and Applications 

30, 112-131. 

152. Chin A, JL Florsheim, E Wohl, and BD Collins. 2014. Feedbacks in human-landscape 

systems. Environmental Management 53, 28-41. 

151. Harden CP, A Chin, MR English, R Fu, KA Galvin, AK Gerlak, PF McDowell, 

DE McNamara, JM Peterson, NL Poff, EA Rosa, WD Solecki, and EE Wohl. 2014. 

Understanding human-landscape interactions in the “Anthropocene.” Environmental 

Management 53, 4-13. 

150. Wohl E and N Beckman. 2014. Leaky rivers: implications of the loss of longitudinal 

fluvial disconnectivity in headwater streams. Geomorphology 205, 27-25. 

149. Ortega JA, M Gómez-Heras, R Perez-López, and E Wohl. 2014. Multiscale structural 

and lithologic controls in the development of stream potholes on granite bedrock rivers. 

Geomorphology 204, 588-598. 

148. Wohl E, AK Gerlak, NL Poff, and A Chin. 2014. Common core themes in geomorphic, 

ecological, and social systems. Environmental Management 53, 14-27. 

147. Cadol D and E Wohl. 2013. Variable contribution of wood to the hydraulic resistance of 

headwater tropical streams. Water Resources Research 49, 4711-4723. 

146. Wohl E. 2013. Landscape-scale carbon storage associated with beaver dams. 

Geophysical Research Letters 40, 1-6. 

145. Ortega JA, E Wohl and B Livers. 2013. Waterfalls on the eastern side of Rocky 

Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. Geomorphology 198, 37-44. 

144. Wohl E. 2013. Migration of channel heads following wildfire in the Colorado Front 

Range, USA. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 38, 1049-1053. 

143. Wohl E. 2013. Floodplains and wood. Earth-Science Reviews 123, 194-212. 

142. Wohl E. 2013. Wilderness is dead: Whither critical zone studies and geomorphology in 

the Anthropocene? Anthropocene 2: 4-15. 

141. Wohl E. 2013. Redistribution of forest carbon caused by patch blowdowns in subalpine 

forests of the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 27, 1205-

1213. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 107/123 
140. Polvi L and E Wohl. 2013. Biotic drivers of stream planform – implications for 

understanding the past and restoring the future. BioScience 63, 439-452. 

139. Wohl E. 2013. The complexity of the real world in the context of the field tradition in 

geomorphology. Geomorphology 200, 50-58. 

138. Jimenez MA and E Wohl. 2013. Solute transport modeling using morphological 

parameters in step-pool reaches. Water Resources Research 49, 1-15, 

doi:10.1002/wrcr.20102. 

137. Wohl E and FL Ogden. 2013. Organic carbon export in the form of wood during an 

extreme tropical storm, Upper Rio Chagres, Panama. Earth Surface Processes and 

Landforms 38, 1407-1416. 

136. Rathburn SL, ZK Rubin, and EE Wohl. 2013. Evaluating channel response to an 

extreme sedimentation event in the context of historical range of variability: Upper 

Colorado River, USA. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 38, 391-406. 

135. David GCL, CJ Legleiter, E Wohl and SE Yochum. 2013. Characterizing spatial 

variability in velocity and turbulence intensity using 3-D acoustic Doppler velocimeter 

data in a plane-bed reach of East St. Louis Creek, Colorado, USA. Geomorphology 183: 

28-44. 

134. Dubinski IM and E Wohl. 2013. Relationships between block quarrying, bed shear 

stress, and stream power: A physical model of block quarrying in a jointed bedrock 

channel. Geomorphology 180-181: 66-81. 

133. Wohl E, K Dwire, N Sutfin, L Polvi and R Bazan. 2012. Mechanisms of carbon 

storage in mountainous headwater rivers. Nature Communications 3:1263, 

doi:10.1028/ncomms2274. 

132. Ethridge FG, Wohl E, Gellis A, Germanoski D, Hayes BR, Ouchi S. 2012. Memorial to 

Stanley A. Schumm (1927-2011). Geological Society of America Memorials 41, 51-56. 

131. Dust D and E Wohl. 2012. Characterization of the hydraulics at natural step crests in 

step-pool streams via weir flow concepts. Water Resources Research W09542, 

doi:10.1029/2011WR011724. 

130. Wohl E. 2012. Identifying and mitigating dam-induced declines in river health: Three case 

studies from the western United States. International Journal of Sediment Research 27, 

271-287. 

129. Wohl E et al. 2012. The hydrology of the humid tropics. Nature Climate Change 2, 655-

662. 

128. Wohl E, S Bolton, D Cadol, F Comiti, JR Goode, and L Mao, 2012. A two end-member 

model of wood dynamics in headwater neotropical rivers. Journal of Hydrology 

462-463, 67-76. 

127. Cadol D, S Kampf and E Wohl. 2012. Effects of evapotranspiration on baseflow in a 

tropical headwater catchment. Journal of Hydrology 462-463, 4-14. 

126. Sabo JL, K Bestgen, W Graf, T Sinha and E Wohl. 2012. Dams in the Cadillac Desert: 

downstream effects in a geomorphic context. The Year in Ecology and Conservation 

Biology 1249, 227-246. 

125. Yochum S, GCL David, B Bledsoe, and E Wohl. 2012. Velocity prediction in highgradient channels. Journal of Hydrology 424-425, 84-98. 

124. Polvi LE and E Wohl. 2012. The beaver-meadow complex revisited – the role of 

beaver in post-glacial floodplain development. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 108/123 
37, 332-346. 

123. Rubin Z, SL Rathburn, E Wohl, and DL Harry. 2012. Historic range of variability in 

geomorphic processes as a context for restoration: Rocky Mountain National Park, 

Colorado, USA. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 37, 209-222. 

122. Dust D and E Wohl. 2012. Conceptual model for complex river responses using an 

expanded Lane’s relation. Geomorphology 139-140, 109-121. 

121. Kramer NR, E Wohl, and D Harry. 2012. Using ground penetrating radar to ‘unearth’

buried beaver dams. Geology 40, 43-46. 

120. Wohl E and D Dust. 2012. Geomorphic response of a headwater channel to augmented 

flow. Geomorphology 138: 329-338. 

119. Wohl E. 2011. What should these rivers look like? Historical range of variability and 

human impacts in the Colorado Front Range, USA. Earth Surface Processes and 

Landforms 36: 1378-1390. 

118. Wilcox AC, EE Wohl, F Comiti and L Mao, 2011. Hydraulics, morphology, and 

energy dissipation in an alpine step-pool channel. Water Resources Research 47: 

W07514, doi: 10.1029/2010WR010192. 

117. David GCL, EE Wohl, SE Yochum, and BP Bledsoe, 2011. Comparative analysis 

of bed resistance partitioning in high gradient streams. Water Resources Research 47: 

W07507, doi:10.1029/2010WR009540. 

116. Jaeger KL and E Wohl, 2011. Channel response in a semi-arid stream to removal of 

tamarisk and Russian olive, Water Resources Research 47: W02536, 

doi:10.1029/2009WR008741. 

115. Cadol D and E Wohl, 2011. Coarse sediment movement in the vicinity of a logjam in a 

neotropical gravel-bed stream, Geomorphology 128: 191-198. 

114. Wohl E. 2011. Threshold-induced complex behavior of wood in streams. Geology 39: 

587-590. 

113. Henkle JE, E Wohl and N Beckman, 2011. Locations of channel heads in the semiarid 

Colorado Front Range, USA. Geomorphology 129: 309-319. 

112. Polvi LE, EE Wohl, and DM Merritt, 2011. Geomorphic and process domain 

controls on riparian zones in the Colorado Front Range. Geomorphology 125: 504-516. 

111. Wohl E, LE Polvi, and D Cadol, 2011. Wood distribution along streams draining oldgrowth floodplain forests in Congaree National Park, South Carolina, USA. 

Geomorphology 126: 108-120. 

110. Wohl E and D Cadol, 2011. Neighborhood matters: patterns and controls on wood 

distribution in old-growth forest streams of the Colorado Front Range, USA. 

Geomorphology 125: 132-146. 

109. Wohl E. 2010. A brief review of the process domain concept and its application to 

quantifying sediment dynamics in bedrock canyons. Terra Nova 22: 411-416. 

108. Sabo JL, T Sinha, LC Bowling, GHW Schoups, WW Wallender, ME Campana, 

KA Cherkauer, PL Fuller, WL Graf, JW Hopkins, JS Kominoski, C Taylor, SW Trimble, 

RH Webb, and EE Wohl. 2010. Reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac 

Desert. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107: 21263-21270. 

107. Goode JR and E Wohl, 2010. Coarse sediment transport in a bedrock channel with 

complex bed topography. Water Resources Research 46: W11524. 

106. Graf WL, E Wohl, T Sinha and JL Sabo, 2010. Sedimentation and sustainability of 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 109/123 
 

western American reservoirs. Water Resources Research 46: W12535. 

105. David GCL, E Wohl, SE Yochum, and BE Bledsoe. 2010. At-a-station hydraulic 

geometry of steep mountain streams, Colorado, USA. Earth Surface Processes and 

Landforms 35: 1820-1837. 

104. Dust DW and E Wohl. 2010. Quantitative technique for assessing the geomorphic 

thresholds for floodplain instability and braiding in the semi-arid environment. Natural 

Hazards 55: 145-160. 

103. Goode JR and E Wohl, 2010. Substrate controls on the longitudinal profile of bedrock 

channels: implications for reach-scale roughness. Journal of Geophysical Research Earth 

Surface 115: F03018. 

102. Cadol D and E Wohl. 2010. Wood retention and transport in tropical, headwater streams, 

La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Geomorphology 123: 61-73. 

101. Pike AS, FN Scatena and E Wohl. 2010. Longitudinal patterns in stream channel 

geomorphology in the tropical montane streams of the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico. 

Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 35: 1402-1417. 

100. Wohl E, DA Cenderelli, KA Dwire, SE Ryan-Burkett, MK Young, and KD Fausch, 

2010. Large instream wood studies: a call for common metrics. Earth Surface Processes 

and Landforms 35: 618-625. 

99. Jaeger KL, E Wohl, and A Simon. 2010. A comparison of average rates of fluvial 

erosion between the south-western and south-eastern United States. Earth Surface 

Processes and Landforms 35: 447-459. 

98. David GCL, E Wohl, SE Yochum, and BP Bledsoe. 2010. Controls on spatial variations 

in flow resistance along steep mountain streams. Water Resources Research 46: W03513. 

97. Wohl E and K Jaeger. 2009. Geomorphic implications of hydroclimatic differences among 

step-pool channels. Journal of Hydrology 374: 148-161. 

96. Wohl E, F Ogden, and J Goode. 2009. Episodic wood loading in a mountainous 

neotropical watershed. Geomorphology 111: 149-159. 

95. Cadol D, E Wohl, JR Goode, and KL Jaeger. 2009. Wood distribution in neotropical 

forested headwater streams of La Selva, Costa Rica. Earth Surface Processes and 

Landforms 34: 1198-1215. 

94. Comiti F, D Cadol, and E Wohl. 2009. Flow regimes, bed morphology, and flow resistance 

n self-formed step-pool channels. Water Resources Research 45: W054424, 18 pp. 

93. Pollen-Bankhead N, A Simon, K Jaeger, and E Wohl. 2009. Destabilization of 

streambanks by removal of invasive species in Canyon de Chelly National Monument, 

Arizona. Geomorphology 103: 363-374. 

92. Chin A, S Anderson, A Collison, BJ Ellis-Sugai, JP Haltiner, JB Hogervorst, GM Kondolf, 

LS O’Hirok, AH Purcell, AL Riley and E Wohl. 2009. Linking theory and practice for 

restoration of step-pool streams. Environmental Management 43:645-661. 

91. Thompson DM and E Wohl. 2009. The linkage between velocity patterns and sediment 

entrainment in a forced-pool and riffle unit. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 34: 

177-192. 

90. Wohl E and KL Jaeger. 2009. A conceptual model for the longitudinal distribution of 

wood in mountain streams. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 34: 329-344. 

89. David G, BP Bledsoe, DM Merritt, and E Wohl. 2008. The impacts of ski slope 

development on stream channel morphology in the White River National Forest, 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 110/123 
Colorado, USA. Geomorphology 103: 375-388. 

88. Wohl E and JR Goode. 2008. Wood dynamics in headwater streams of the Colorado 

Rocky Mountains. Water Resources Research 44, W09429. 

87. Wohl E and GCL David. 2008. Consistency of scaling relations among bedrock and 

alluvial channels. Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surfaces 113: F04013. 

86. Nowakowski AL and E Wohl. 2008. Influences on wood load in mountain streams of 

the Bighorn National Forest, Wyoming, USA. Environmental Management 42: 557-571. 

85. Oswald EB and E Wohl. 2008. Wood-mediated geomorphic effects of a jökulhlaup in the 

Wind River Mountains, Wyoming. Geomorphology 100: 549-562. 

84. Chin A, MD Daniels, MA Urban, H Piegay, KJ Gregory, W Bigler, AZ Butt, JL Grable, SV 

Gregory, M Lafrenz, LR Laurencio and E Wohl. 2008. Perceptions of wood in rivers and 

challenges for stream restoration in the United States. Environmental Management 41: 

893-903. 

83. Wohl E. 2008. Substrate influences on the formation of straths in the Poudre River drainage, 

Colorado Front Range. Journal of Geophysical Research – Earth Surfaces 113: F01007, 

12 pp. 

82. Wohl E. and DM Merritt. 2008. Reach-scale channel geometry of mountain streams. 

Geomorphology 93: 168-185. 

81. Wohl E. 2007. Channel-unit hydraulics on a pool-riffle channel. Physical Geography 28: 

233-248. 

80. Wohl E and DJ Merritts. 2007. What is a natural river? Geography Compass 1: 871-900. 

79. Comiti F, L Mao, A Wilcox, EE Wohl, and MA Lenzi. 2007. Field-derived relationships for 

flow velocity and resistance in high-gradient streams. Journal of Hydrology 340: 48-62. 

78. Wohl E, D Cooper, NL Poff, F Rahel, D Staley and D Winters. 2007. Assessment of 

stream ecosystem function and sensitivity in the Bighorn National Forest, Wyoming. 

Environmental Management 40: 284-302. 

77. Dubinski IM and E Wohl. 2007. Estimates of coarse sediment mobility in the Black 

Canyon of the Gunnison River, Colorado. Environmental Management 40: 147-160. 

76. Goode JR and E Wohl. 2007. Relationships between land-use and forced-pool 

characteristics in the Colorado Front Range. Geomorphology 83: 249-265. 

75. Rengers FK and E Wohl. 2007. Grain-size trends of gravel bars on the Rio Chagres, 

Panama. Geomorphology 83: 282-293. 

74. Legleiter CJ, TL Phelps and E Wohl. 2007. Geostatistical analysis of the effects of 

stage and roughness on reach-scale spatial patterns of velocity and turbulence intensity. 

Geomorphology 83: 322-345. 

73. Wilcox AC and E Wohl. 2007. Field measurements of three-dimensional hydraulics in a 

step-pool channel. Geomorphology 83: 215-231. 

72. Springer GS, S Tooth and E Wohl. 2006. Theoretical modeling of stream 

potholes based upon empirical observations from the Orange River, Republic of South 

Africa. Geomorphology 82: 160-176. 

71. Kondolf GM, AJ Boulton, S O’Daniel, GC Poole, FJ Rahel, EH Stanley, E Wohl, 

A Bång, J Carlstrom, C Cristoni, H Huber, S Koljonen, P Louhi and K Nakamura. 

2006. Process-based ecological river restoration: visualizing three-dimensional 

connectivity and dynamic vectors to recover lost linkages. Ecology and Society 11 (2): 5 

[online]. 

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70. Wohl E. 2006. Human impacts to mountain streams. Geomorphology 79: 217-248. 

69. Flores AN, BP Bledsoe, CO Cuhaciyan and E Wohl. 2006. Channel-reach morphology 

dependence on energy, scale, and hydroclimatic processes with implications for 

prediction using geospatial data. Water Resources Research 42: W06412. 

68. Wilcox AC and E Wohl. 2006. Flow resistance dynamics in step-pool streams channels: 1. 

Large woody debris and controls on total resistance. Water Resources Research 42: 

W05418. 

67. Wilcox AC, JM Nelson, and E Wohl. 2006. Flow resistance dynamics in step-pool 

streams channels: 2. Partitioning between grain, spill, and woody debris resistance. Water 

Resources Research 42: W05419. 

66. Merritt DM and EE Wohl. 2006. Plant dispersal along rivers fragmented by dams. River 

Research and Applications 21: 1-26. 

65. Sable KA and E Wohl. 2006. The relationship of lithology and watershed characteristics 

to fine sediment deposition in streams of the Oregon Coast Range. Environmental 

Management 37: 659-670. 

64. Springer GS, S Tooth and EE Wohl. 2005. Geometry and dynamics of pothole growth 

as defined by field data and modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research – Earth Surface 

110: F04010. 

63. Stewart G, A Anderson and E Wohl, 2005. Two-dimensional modeling of habitat 

suitability as a function of discharge on two Colorado rivers. River Research and 

Applications 21: 1061-1074. 

62. Chin A and E Wohl. 2005. Toward a theory for step pools in stream channels. Progress in 

Physical Geography 29: 275-296. 

61. Jaquette C, E Wohl and D Cooper. 2005. Establishing a context for river rehabilitation, 

North Fork Gunnison River, Colorado. Environmental Management 35: 593-606. 

60. Wohl E. 2005. Compromised rivers: understanding historical human impacts on rivers in the 

context of restoration. Ecology and Society. 

59. Wohl E, PA Angermeier, B Bledsoe, GM Kondolf, L MacDonnell, DM Merritt, NL Poff, 

MA Palmer and D Tarboton. 2005. River restoration. Water Resources Research 41: 

10.1029/2005WR003985, 12 p. 

58. Wohl E and DM Merritt. 2005. Prediction of mountain stream morphology. Water 

Resources Research 41: 10.1029/2004WR003779, 10 p. 

57. Wohl E and A Wilcox. 2005. Channel geometry of mountain streams in New Zealand. 

Journal of Hydrology 300: 252-266. 

56. Wohl E. 2004. Limits of downstream hydraulic geometry. Geology 32: 897-900. 

55. Wohl E, JN Kuzma and NE Brown. 2004. Reach-scale channel geometry of a mountain 

river. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 29: 969-981. 

54. Zelt RB and EE Wohl. 2004. Channels and organic debris in adjacent burned and unburned 

watersheds a decade after wildfire, Park County, Wyoming. Geomorphology 57: 217-

233. 

53. Rathburn S and E Wohl. 2003. Predicting fine sediment dynamics along a pool-riffle 

mountain channel. Geomorphology 55: 111-124. 

52. Springer GS, EE Wohl, JA Foster, and DG Boyer. 2003. Testing for reach-scale adjustments 

of hydraulic variables to soluble and insoluble strata: Buckeye Creek and Greenbrier 

River, West Virginia. Geomorphology 56: 201-217. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 112/123 
51. Steinberger N and E Wohl. 2003. Impacts to water quality and fish habitat associated with 

maintaining natural channels for flood control. Environmental Management 31: 724-740. 

50. Wohl E and S Rathburn. 2003. Mitigation of sedimentation hazards downstream from 

reservoirs. International Journal of Sediment Research 18: 97-106. 

49. Merritt DM and EE Wohl. 2003. Downstream hydraulic geometry and channel adjustment 

during a flood along an ephemeral, arid-region drainage. Geomorphology 52: 165-180. 

48. Phippen SJ and E Wohl. 2003. An assessment of land use and other factors affecting 

sediment loads in the Rio Puerco watershed, New Mexico. Geomorphology 52: 269-287. 

47. MacFarlane WA and EE Wohl. 2003. The influence of step composition on step geometry 

and flow resistance in step-pool streams of the Washington Cascades. Water Resources 

Research 39: ESG3-1 to ESG3-13. 

46. Wohl E and CJ Legleiter. 2003. Controls on pool characteristics along a resistant-boundary 

channel. Journal of Geology 111: 103-114. 

45. Cenderelli DA and EE Wohl. 2003. Flow hydraulics and geomorphic effects of glacial-lake 

outburst floods in the Mount Everest region, Nepal. Earth Surface Processes and 

Landforms 28: 385-407. 

44. Curran JH and EE Wohl. 2003. Large woody debris and flow resistance in step-pool 

channels, Cascade Range, Washington. Geomorphology 51: 141-157. 

43. Wohl E and H Achyuthan. 2002. Substrate influences on incised channel morphology. 

Journal of Geology 110: 115-120. 

42. Ehlen J and E Wohl. 2002. Joints and landform evolution in bedrock canyons. 

Transactions,Japanese Geomorphological Union 23: 237-255. 

41. Merritt DM and EE Wohl. 2002. Processes governing hydrochory along rivers: 

hydraulics, hydrology, and dispersal phenology. Ecological Applications 12: 1071-1087. 

40. Springer GS and EE Wohl. 2002. Empirical and theoretical investigations of sculpted 

forms in Buckeye Creek Cave, West Virginia. Journal of Geology 110: 469-481. 

39. Wohl EE and DM Merritt. 2001. Bedrock channel morphology. Geological Society of 

America Bulletin 113: 1205-1212. 

38. Cenderelli DA and EE Wohl. 2001. Peak discharge estimates of glacial lake outburst floods 

and “normal” climatic floods in the Mount Everest region, Nepal. Geomorphology 40:

57-90. 

37. Rathburn SL and EE Wohl. 2001. One-dimensional sediment transport modeling of pool 

recovery along a mountain channel after a reservoir sediment release. Regulated Rivers 

17: 251-273. 

36. Trayler CR and EE Wohl. 2000. Seasonal changes in bed elevation in a step-pool channel, 

Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 32: 95-103. 

35. Wohl EE and DM Thompson. 2000. Velocity characteristics along a small step-pool 

channel. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 25: 353-367. 

34. Wohl EE and DA Cenderelli. 2000. Sediment deposition and transport patterns following 

a reservoir sediment release. Water Resources Research 36: 319-333. 

33. Wohl EE. 2000. Substrate influences on step-pool sequences in the Christopher Creek 

drainage, Arizona. Journal of Geology 108: 121-129. 

32. Thompson DM, EE Wohl and RD Jarrett. 1999. Velocity reversals and sediment sorting 

in pools and riffles controlled by channel constrictions. Geomorphology 27: 229-241. 

31. Thompson DM, JM Nelson and EE Wohl. 1998. Interactions between pool geometry and 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 113/123 
hydraulics. Water Resources Research 34: 3673-3681. 

30. Blizard CR and EE Wohl. 1998. Relationships between hydraulic variables and bedload 

transport in a subalpine channel, Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA. Geomorphology 22: 

359-371. 

29. Kelly EF, SW Blecker, CM Yonker, CG Olson, EE Wohl and LC Todd. 1998. Stable 

isotope composition of soil organic matter and phytoliths as paleoenvironmental 

indicators. Geoderma 82: 59-81. 

28. Pruess J, EE Wohl and RD Jarrett. 1998. Methodology and implications of maximum 

paleodischarge estimates for mountain channels, upper Animas River basin, Colorado, 

USA. Arctic and Alpine Research 30: 40-50. 

27. Wohl EE. 1998. Uncertainty in flood estimates associated with roughness coefficient. 

ASCE Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 124: 219-223. 

26. Wohl EE and H Ikeda. 1998. Patterns of bedrock channel erosion on the Boso Peninsula, 

Japan. Journal of Geology 106: 331-345. 

25. Wohl EE and H Ikeda. 1998. The effect of roughness configuration on velocity profiles in 

an artificial channel. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 23: 159-169. 

24. Wohl EE, SM Madsen and LH MacDonald. 1997. Characteristics of log and clast bed 

steps in step-pool streams of northwestern Montana, USA. Geomorphology 20: 1-10. 

23. Fanok SF and EE Wohl. 1997. Assessing the accuracy of paleohydrologic indicators, 

Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 33: 

1091-1102. 

22. Wohl EE and H Ikeda. 1997. Experimental simulation of channel incision into a cohesive 

substrate at varying gradients. Geology 25: 295-298. 

21. Hammack L and Wohl, E. 1996. Debris-fan formation and rapid modification at Warm 

Springs Rapid, Yampa River, Colorado. Journal of Geology 104: 729-740. 

20. Wohl EE, DJ Anthony, SW Madsen and DM Thompson. 1996. A comparison of 

surface sampling methods for coarse fluvial sediments. Water Resources Research 32: 

3219-3226. 

19. Thompson DM, EE Wohl and RD Jarrett. 1996. A revised velocity-reversal and 

sediment-sorting model for a high-gradient, pool-riffle stream. Physical Geography 17: 

142-156. 

18. Grimm MM, EE Wohl and RD Jarrett. 1995. Coarse-sediment distribution as evidence 

of an elevation limit for flash flooding, Bear Creek, Colorado. Geomorphology 14: 199-

210. 

17. Hilmes MM and EE Wohl. 1995. Changes in channel morphology associated with placer 

mining. Physical Geography 16: 223-242. 

16. Wohl EE. 1995. Estimating flood magnitude in ungaged mountain channels, Nepal. 

Mountain Research and Development 15: 69-76. 

15. Wohl EE and AG Georgiadi. 1994. Holocene paleomeanders along the Sejm River, 

Russia. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 38: 299-309. 

14. Mejia-Navarro M and EE Wohl. 1994. Geological hazard and risk evaluation using GIS: 

Methodology and model applied to Medellin, Colombia. Bulletin of the Association of 

Engineering Geologists XXXI: 459-481. 

13. Wohl EE, SJ Fuertsch and VR Baker. 1994. Sedimentary records of late Holocene 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 114/123 
floods along the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers, Western Australia. Australian Journal of 

Earth Sciences 41: 273-280. 

12. Wohl EE, N Greenbaum, AP Schick, and VR Baker. 1994. Controls on bedrock channel 

incision along Nahal Paran, Israel. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 19: 1-13. 

11. Wohl EE and T Grodek. 1994. Channel bed-steps along Nahal Yael, Negev desert, Israel. 

Geomorphology 9: 117-126. 

10. Wohl EE, RH Webb, VR Baker and G Pickup. 1994. Sedimentary flood records in the 

bedrock canyons of rivers in the monsoonal region of Australia. Colorado State 

University Water Resources Paper 107, 102 pp. 

9. Adenlof KA and EE Wohl. 1994. Controls on bedload movement in a subalpine stream of 

the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA. Arctic and Alpine Research 26: 77-85. 

8. Merritts DJ, KR Vincent, and EE Wohl. 1994. Long river profiles, tectonism, and eustasy: 

A guide to interpreting fluvial terraces. Journal of Geophysical Research (Special Issue 

on Tectonics and Topography) 99(B7): 14,031-14,050. 

7. O'Connor JE, LL Ely, EE Wohl, LE Stevens, TS Melis, VS Kale and VR Baker. 1994. 

A 4500-year record of large floods on the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, Arizona. 

The Journal of Geology 102: 1-9. 

6. Wohl E. 1993. Bedrock channel incision along Piccaninny Creek, Australia. The Journal of 

Geology 101: 749-761. 

5. Wohl EE, KR Vincent and DJ Merritts. 1993. Pool and riffle characteristics in relation to 

channel gradient. Geomorphology 6: 99-110. 

4. Wohl E. 1992. Gradient irregularity in the Herbert Gorge of northeastern Australia. Earth 

Surface Processes and Landforms 17: 69-84. 

3. Wohl EE. 1992. Bedrock benches and boulder bars: Floods in the Burdekin Gorge of 

Australia. Geological Society of America Bulletin 104: 770-778. 

2. Murray A, E Wohl and J East. 1992. Thermoluminescence and excess 226Ra decay dating 

of late Quaternary fluvial sands, East Alligator River, Australia. Quaternary Research 37: 

29-41. 

1. Wohl E and PA Pearthree. 1991. Debris flows as geomorphic agents in the Huachuca 

Mountains of southeastern Arizona. Geomorphology 4: 273-292. 

Book Chapters 

31. Wohl E, PR Bierman and DR Montgomery. 2017. Earth’s dynamic surface: the past 50

years in geomorphology. In, M.E. Bickford, ed., The Web of Geological Sciences: 

Advances, Impacts, and Interactions: New Papers to Celebrate GSA’s 125th Anniversary, 

Geological Society of America Special Paper 523. Geological Society of America, 

Boulder, Colorado, doi:10.1130/2016.2523(01). 

30. Wohl E. 2015. Rivers in the critical zone. In, J.R. Giardino and C. Houser, eds., Principles 

and Dynamics of the Critical Zone, Elsevier, pp. 267-293. 

29. Wohl E. 2014. Dryland channel networks: resiliency, thresholds, and management 

metrics. In, R.S. Harmon, S.E. Baker, and E.V. McDonald, eds., Military Geosciences in 

the Twenty-First Century, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, pp. 147-158. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 115/123 
28. Wohl E. 2011. Seeing the forest and the trees: wood in stream restoration in the Colorado 

Front Range, United States. In, A. Simon et al., eds., Stream Restoration in Dynamic 

Fluvial Systems: Scientific Approaches, Analyses, and Tools, AGU Press, Washington, 

D.C., p. 399-418. 

27. Wohl E. 2011. Water follows the people: analysis of water use in the western Great Plains 

and Rocky Mountains of Colorado, USA. In, I.P. Martini and W. Chesworth, eds., 

Landscapes and Societies. Springer, p. 391-406. 

26. Wohl E, A Chin, JP Haltiner and GM Kondolf. 2011. Managing stream morphology with 

check dams. In, C. Conesa Garcìa and M.A. Lenzi, eds., Check dams, morphological 

adjustments and erosion control in torrential streams. Nova Publishers, NY, p. 135-149. 

25. Wohl E. 2010. Analysing a natural system. In, N. Clifford, S. French, and G. Valentine, eds., 

Key Methods in Geography, 2nd edition. SAGE Publications, London, p. 253-273. 

24. Rathburn SL, DM Merritt, EE Wohl, JS Sanderson and HAL Knight. 2009. Characterizing 

environmental flows for maintenance of river ecosystems: North Fork Cache la Poudre 

River, Colorado. In, L.A. James, S.L. Rathburn, and G.R. Whittecar, eds., Management 

and restoration of fluvial systems with broad historical changes and human impacts. 

Geological Society of America Special Paper 451, Boulder, Colorado, p. 143-157. 

23. Wohl E, D Egenhoff and K Larkin. 2009. Vanishing riverscapes: a review of historical 

channel change on the western Great Plains. In, L.A. James, S.L. Rathburn, and G.R. 

Whittecar, eds., Management and restoration of fluvial systems with broad historical 

changes and human impacts. Geological Society of America Special Paper 451, Boulder, 

Colorado, p. 131-142. 

22. Wohl E, MA Palmer and GM Kondolf. 2008. The US experience. In, G. Brierley and K. 

Fryirs, eds., River futures. Island Press, Washington, D.C., p. 174-200. 

21. Wohl E. 2007. Hydrology and discharge. In, A. Gupta, ed., Large rivers of the world. Wiley 

and Sons, p. 29-44. 

20. Wohl E. 2007. Review of effects of large floods in resistant-boundary channels. In, H. 

Habersack, ed., Gravel-bed rivers: from process understanding to river restoration. 

Elsevier, pp. 181-212. 

19. Wohl E. 2005. Downstream hydraulic geometry along a tropical mountain river. In, R. 

Harmon, ed., The Rio Chagres: A multidisciplinary profile of a tropical watershed. 

Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 169-188. 

18. Wohl E and G Springer. 2005. Bedrock channel incision along the Rio Chagres, Panama. In, 

R. Harmon, ed., The Rio Chagres: A multidisciplinary profile of a tropical watershed. 

Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 189-209. 

17. Montgomery DR and EE Wohl. 2004. Rivers and riverine landscapes. In, A. Gillespie, S.C. 

Porter, and B.F. Atwater, eds., The Quaternary period in the United States. Elsevier, 

Amsterdam, pp. 221-246. 

16. Wohl E and T Oguchi. 2004. GIS and mountain hazards. In, M.P. Bishop, ed., Geographic 

Information Science and Mountain Geomorphology. Praxis Scientific Publishing, 

Chichester, UK, pp. 309-341. 

15. Rathburn SL and EE Wohl. 2003. Sedimentation hazards downstream from reservoirs. In, 

W.L. Graf, ed., Dam removal research: status and prospects. The John Heinz Center for 

Science, Economics and the Environment, Washington, D.C., pp. 105-118. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 116/123 
14. Wohl EE. 2002. Modeled paleoflood hydraulics as a tool for interpreting bedrock channel 

morphology. In, P.K. House et al., eds., Ancient floods, modern hazards: principles and 

applications of paleoflood hydrology. American Geophysical Union Press, pp. 345-358. 

13. Wohl E. 2001. Rivers. In, A. Orme, ed., Physical geography of North America. Oxford 

University Press. 

12. Wohl E, D Cenderelli and M Mejia-Navarro. 2001. Channel change from extreme floods in 

canyon rivers. In, D.J. Anthony et al., eds., Applying geomorphology to environmental 

management. Water Resources Publications, pp. 149-174. 

11. Wohl EE. 1999. Incised bedrock channels. In, S.E. Darby and A. Simon, eds., Incised river 

channels: processes, forms, engineering and management. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 

pp. 187-218. 

10. Wohl E. 1999. Boulders on the move: geomorphic hazards from floods and debris flows 

along mountain rivers. In, Z.-Y. Wang, T.-W. Soong, and B.C. Yen, eds., Sediment 

transport and disasters. Special Issue of International Journal of Sediment Research 

(China), v. 14, p.285- 293. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 117/123 
9. Wohl EE. 1998. Bedrock channel morphology in relation to erosional processes. In, K.J. 

Tinkler and E.E. Wohl, eds., Rivers over rock: fluvial processes in bedrock channels. 

Am. Geophys. Union Geophysical Monograph 107, pp. 133-151. 

8. Tinkler KJ and EE Wohl. 1998. A primer on bedrock channels. In, K.J. Tinkler and E.E. 

Wohl, eds., Rivers over rock: fluvial processes in bedrock channels. Am. Geophys. Union 

Geophysical Monograph 107, pp. 1-18. 

7. Tinkler KJ and EE Wohl. 1998. Field studies of bedrock channels. In, K.J. Tinkler and E.E. 

Wohl, eds., Rivers over rock: fluvial processes in bedrock channels. Am. Geophys. 

Union Geophysical Monograph 107, pp. 261-277. 

6. Thompson DM and EE Wohl. 1998. Flume experimentation and simulation of bedrock 

channel processes. In, K.J. Tinkler and E.E. Wohl, eds., Rivers over rock: fluvial 

processes in bedrock channels. Am. Geophys. Union Geophysical Monograph 107, pp. 

279-296. 

5. Wohl E and D Cenderelli. 1998. Flooding in the Himalaya Mountains. In, V.S. Kale, ed., 

Flood studies in India, Geological Society of India, Memoir 41, Bangalore, pp. 77-99. 

4. Cenderelli DA and EE Wohl, E.E. 1998. Sedimentology and clast orientation of deposits 

produced by glacial-lake outburst floods in the Mount Everest region, Nepal. In, J. 

Kalvoda and C.L. Rosenfeld, eds., Geomorphological hazards in high mountain areas, 

Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 1-26. 

3. Wohl EE and Y Enzel. 1995. Data for palaeohydrology. In, K.J. Gregory, L. Starkel, and V.R. 

Baker, eds., Global continental palaeohydrology. John Wiley and Sons, p. 23-59. 

2. Mejia-Navarro M, EE Wohl and SD Oaks. 1994. Geological hazards, vulnerability, and risk 

assessment using GIS: Model for Glenwood Springs-Carbondale, Colorado. In, M. 

Morisawa, ed., Geomorphology and Natural Hazards, Elsevier, p. 331-354. 

1. Salas JD, EE Wohl and RD Jarrett. 1994. Determination of flood characteristics using 

systematic, historical and paleoflood data. In, G. Rossi, N. Harmancioglu, and V. 

Yevjevich, eds., Coping with floods. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 111-

134. 

Books, Edited Volumes, and Other Special Publications 

21. Wohl E, DN Scott, SE Yochum. 2019. Managing for Large Wood and Beaver Dams in 

Stream Corridors. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-404, 136 

pp. 

20. Wohl E. 2019. Saving the dammed: why we need beaver-modified ecosystems. Oxford 

University Press. 

19. Wohl E. 2018. The upstream extent of a river network: a review of scientific knowledge of 

channel heads. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, US Army Corps of 

Engineers, Washington, D.C., ERDC/CRREL CR-18-1, 47 pp. 

18. Wohl E. 2017. Sustaining river ecosystems and water resources. Springer. 

17. Wohl E, MK Mersel, AO Allen, KM Fritz, SL Kichefski, RW Lichvar, TL Nadeau, 

BJ Topping, PH Trier, FB Vanderbilt. 2016. Synthesizing the scientific foundation for 

ordinary high water mark delineation in fluvial systems. Cold Regions Research and 

Engineering Laboratory, US Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C., 

ERDC/CRREL SR-16-5, 198 pp. 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 118/123 
16. Wohl E. 2016. Rhythms of change in Rocky Mountain National Park. University Press of 

Kansas. 

15. Wohl E. 2015. Transient landscapes: insights on a changing planet. University Press of 

Colorado. 

14. Yochum SE, F Comiti, E Wohl, GCL David and L Mao. 2014. Photographic guidance 

for selecting flow resistance coefficients in high-gradient channels. USDA Forest Service 

General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-323, 91 pp. 

http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr323.pdf 

13. Wohl E. 2014. Rivers in the landscape: science and management. Wiley-Blackwell, 

Chichester, UK. 

12. Wohl E. (Ed.). 2013. Treatise on fluvial geomorphology. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

11. Wohl E. 2013. Wide rivers crossed: the South Platte and the Illinois of the American Prairie. 

University Press of Colorado. 

10. Wohl E. 2011. A world of rivers: environmental change on ten of the world’s great rivers.

University of Chicago Press. 

9. Wohl E. 2010. Mountain rivers revisited. American Geophysical Union, Water Resources 

Monograph 19, 573 pp. 

8. Wohl E. 2009. Of rock and rivers: seeking a sense of place in the American West. University 

of California Press. 

7. Wohl E. 2009. Island of grass. University Press of Colorado. 

6. Wohl E. 2004. Disconnected rivers: Draining the vitality of U.S. Waterways. Yale University 

Press. 

5. Wohl EE. 2001. Virtual Rivers: lessons from the mountain rivers of the Colorado Front 

Range. Yale University Press, New Haven, 210 pp. 

4. Wohl E. 2000. Mountain rivers. American Geophysical Union, Water Resources Monograph 

14, 320 pp. 

3. Wohl E. 2000. (Ed.) Inland flood hazards: Human, riparian, and aquatic communities. 

Cambridge University Press, 498 pp. 

2. Tinkler KJ and EE Wohl. 1998. (Eds.) Rivers over rock: fluvial processes in bedrock 

channels. Am. Geophys. Union Geophysical Monograph 107, 323 pp. 

1. Wohl E. 1994. Rain forest into desert. University Press of Colorado. 

PROFESSIONAL SERVICE 

Manuscript Reviews 

American Journal of Science; Arabian Journal of Science and Engineering; Arctic, Antarctic, and 

Alpine Research; Canadian Journal of Forest Research; Catena; Earth and Planetary Science 

Letters; Earth-Science Reviews; Earth Surface Processes and Landforms; Ecological 

Applications; Environmental Management; Forest Ecology and Management; Frontiers in 

Ecology and the Environment; Geodinamica Acta; Geological Society of America Bulletin; 

Geological Society of America Special Paper series; Geology; Geomorphology; Geophysical 

Research Letters; Global and Planetary Change; GSA Today; Hydrological Processes; 

International Journal of Computers and Applications; International Journal of Sediment 

Research; Journal of the American Water Resources Association; Journal of Geology; Journal of 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 119/123 
Geophysical Research; Journal of Hydraulic Engineering; Journal of Hydrology; Journal of 

Range Management; Journal of Sedimentary Petrology; Journal of Sedimentary Research; 

Limnology and Oceanography; Mountain Research and Development; National Park Service 

Proceedings Series; Natural Areas Journal; Polish Journal of Environmental Studies; Quaternary 

Research; Regulated Rivers; U.S. Geological Survey Professional Papers; U.S. Geological 

Survey Water-Resources Investigations; Water, Air and Soil Pollution; Water Management; 

Water Resources Research; Wetlands 

Service to Societies and Journals 

Editorial board of Geomorphology, 1996-present 

Associate Editor, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1997-2006 

Associate Editor, Water Resources Research, 2001-2011 

Editorial board of Environmental Management, 2007-2013 

Editorial board of Geography Compass, 2007-present 

Editorial board of Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2008-2009; Associate Editor, 2010-

present 

Associate Editor, Journal of Hydrology, 2010-2013 

Editor-in-Chief, Oxford Bibliography of Environmental Science, 2013-present, 

http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/obo/page/environmental-science 

Board member, Geological Society of America Foundation, 2017-present 

Officer, Quaternary Geology & Geomorphology Division, Geological Society of 

America, 2001-2005 (Chair, 2003-2004) 

Member, Ordinary High Water Mark National Technical Committee, 2014-present 

Member, Erosion & Sedimentation Committee, Am. Geophys. Union, 2001-2008 

Member, Earth and Planetary Surface Process Focus Group, Am. Geophys. Union, 2009-present 

Geol. Soc. Am. Committee on Committees, 1996 

Geol. Soc. Am. Joint Technical Program Committee, 2004 

GSA Quaternary Geology & Geomorphology Division Nominating Committee, 1996 

GSA Quaternary Geol. & Geomorph. Division Panel Member, 1996-1998 

GSA Quaternary Geol. & Geomorph. Division Abstracts Reviewer, 1993 

GSA Quaternary Geol. & Geomorph. Division Mackin/Howard Committee, 1990-91, 1996-98, 

2001-02 

GSA Session Chair, annual meetings in 1993, 1996, 1997, 2002, 2007 

Am. Geophys. Union Session Chair, Hydrology Days, 1992-1994, 1997-1998 

AGU Student Presentation Judge, 1998, 2001, 2003, 2007 

Member, Colorado Natural Hazards Mitigation Council, 1991-present 

Trustee, Rocky Mountain Hydraulic Research Center, 1992-present 

Panel member, NSF Hydrologic Sciences Program, 1999-2003 

Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Paleoflood Hydrology Committee, 1999 

Panel member, NSF Geomorphology and Land-Use Dynamics Program, 2005-2007 

Panel member, NSF Geography and Spatial Sciences Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant 

Program, 2016-2017 

Member, National Technical Committee on the Ordinary High Water Mark (Army Corps of 

Engineers and US EPA), 2014-present 

Invited Lectures, Review Panels, Advisory Boards 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 120/123 
Invited lectures 

US universities Other universities 

Baylor University Aberystwyth University (Wales) 

Boise State University Chuo University (Japan) 

Central Washington University Durham University (England) 

College of Idaho ETH Zurich (Switzerland) 

Colorado College GFZ Potsdam (Germany) 

Idaho State University Griffith University (Australia) 

Iowa State University Hebrew University (Israel) 

Ohio State University Hokkaido University (Japan) 

Ohio Wesleyan University Loughborough University (England) 

Oregon State University Mid-Sweden University 

Skidmore College Newcastle University (England) 

St. Louis University Queen Mary University of London (England) 

Texas A&M University Umeå University (Sweden) 

University of Arizona Universidad Complutense Madrid (Spain) 

University of California, Berkeley University of Cambridge (England) 

University of California, Davis University of Edinburgh (Scotland) 

University of California, Santa Barbara University of Glasgow (Scotland) 

University of Colorado, Boulder University of Hull (England) 

University of Colorado, CO. Springs University of Lausanne (Switzerland) 

University of Denver University of Nottingham (England) 

University of Illinois University of Padova (Italy) 

University of Iowa University of Salzburg (Austria) 

University of New Mexico University of Southampton (England) 

University of North Carolina, Charlotte University of Tokyo (Japan) 

University of Oklahoma University of Tsukuba (Japan) 

University of South Carolina University of Western Ontario (Canada) 

University of Vermont Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile 

University of Washington Universidad de los Andes (Colombia) 

University of Wyoming University of Melbourne (Australia) 

University of Wollongong (Australia) 

Other 

Am. Geophys. Union Gilbert Club 

Army Research Office Workshop on Desert Processes 

Australian Stream Management Conference, 2016 

Chinese-American Frontiers of Science Meeting, 1999, 2000 

Colorado Archeological Society 

COACh International invited participant (Argentina 2013, Jamaica 2014, Namibia 2015, Rwanda 

2016) 

Colorado Natural Hazards Mitigation Council 

Colorado Scientific Society 

CUAHSI Biennial Symposium (2018) 

Estes Valley Land Trust 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 121/123 
Geological Survey of Norway 

Institute of Geography (Russia) 

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Sciences (New Zealand) 

NSF Workshop on Sediment-Induced Disasters 

The Nature Conservancy 

U.S. Forest Service 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada 

Invited keynote speaker at Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium (1994, 2006, 2012); North 

American Benthological Society (2000); American Water Resources Association conference 

(2004); Colorado Riparian Association conference (2004); Second International Symposium on 

Riverine Landscapes, Sweden (2004); Gravel-Bed Rivers VI Workshop, Austria (2005); 7th 

IAHR Symposium on River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics, China (2011); 4th 

Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds (2011); Mid-Atlantic Stream Restoration 

Conference (2011); MTNCLIM (Consortium for Integrated Climate Research in Western 

Mountains, 2012); River Restoration Northwest Conference (2012); American Society of 

Environmental Historians (2013); Southwest Stream Restoration Conference (2014); Wood in 

World Rivers III (2015); 8th Australian Stream Management Conference (2016); Catskills 

Environmental Research and Monitoring Conference (2016); RiverFlow (2016); Rocky 

Mountain Stream Restoration Conference (2016); Sustaining Colorado Watersheds Conference 

(2016); European Geosciences Union (2017); Society for Freshwater Science (2018); Natural 

Channels Conference (2018) 

Review panels for Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program (1995); San Juan 

River Recovery Program (1997-2005); Chair, Physical Sciences Review Panel for Grand Canyon 

Monitoring and Research Center (1998-2000); CALFED Battle Creek Restoration Plan (2003-

2004); Building with Nature (The Netherlands, 2013); US Environmental Protection Agency 

Science Advisory Board Panel for the review of the EPA Water Body Connectivity Report 

(2013); The New Delta (The Netherlands, 2014) 

External PhD examiner for Macquarie University, Australia (2001, 2015); Umea University, 

Sweden (2004); University of Trento, Italy (2007); Southern Cross University, Australia (2010); 

University of Auckland, New Zealand (2014); University of Melbourne, Australia (2014); 

University of the West Indies, Jamaica (2014); University of Newcastle, Australia (2016); 

University of Wollongong, Australia (2016); ETH Zurich (2018) 

Advisory board for The Nature Conservancy’s Colorado Scientific Advisory Network (1997-

present), Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Science Advisors Board (2006-present) 

International visitors hosted at Colorado State University 

Takashi Oguchi, University of Tokyo, Japan (2001) 

Yuichi Hayakawa, University of Tokyo, Japan (2005) 

Francesco Comiti, University of Padova, Italy (2007) 

Mario Jiménez, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia (2010) 

Jonathan Ryan, University of Nottingham, England (2011) 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 122/123 
Jose Ortega, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain (2012, 2015) 

Michaela Wörndl, University of Innsbruck, Austria (2014) 

Margherita Righini, University of Padova, Italy (2015) 

William Amponsah, University of Padova, Italy (2015) 

Fernando Ugalde, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile (2015) 

Lina Polvi Sjöberg, Umeå University, Sweden (2015) 

Alfonso Pisabarro, University of Valladolid, Spain (2016) 

Tania Santos, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia (2017-18) 

Yuko Asano, University of Tokyo, Japan (2018-19) 

Primary advisor for the following graduate students (completion date) 

MS MS (cont.) Ph.D. 

Kathy Adenlof (1992) Francis Rengers (2005) Mario Mejia-Navarro (1995) 

Susan Fuertsch (1992) Dan Cadol (2007) Nancy Hoefs (1996) 

Mario Mejia-Navarro (1992) Gabrielle David (2007) Brian Cluer (1997) 

Michael Grimm (1993) Amy Nowakowski (2007) Mette Jordan (1997) 

Marsha Hilmes (1993) Paul Dante (2009) Douglas Thompson (1997) 

Clifford Blizard (1994) Lina Polvi (2009) Edmund Wick (1998) 

Lauren Hammack (1994) Zan Rubin (2010) Dan Cenderelli (1998) 

Michael Martin (1994) Jameson Henkle (2010) David Merritt (1999) 

Rebecca Smith (1994) Elizabeth Gilliam (2011) Sara Rathburn (2001) 

Douglas Thompson (1994) Natalie Kramer (2011) Gregory Springer (2002) 

Michael Liquori (1995) Tyanna Schlom (2012) Allen Gellis (2003) 

Susan Madsen (1995) Nicholas Sutfin (2012) Andrew Wilcox (2005) 

Jill Minter (1996) Jonathan Garber (2013) Nancy Brown (2006) 

Jonathan Pruess (1996) Simeon Caskey (2013) Ian Dubinski (2009) 

Carolyn Trayler (1997) Bridget Livers (2013) Jaime Goode (2009) 

Janet Curran (1999) Heidi Klingel (2013) Kristin Jaeger (2009) 

Jasper Hardison (2000) Karen Jackson (2014) Dan Cadol (2010) 

Stephanie Phippen (2000) DeAnna Laurel (2014) Gabrielle David (2011) 

William MacFarlane (2001) Dena Hicks (2015) Lina Polvi (2011) 

Gregory Stewart (2001) Dan Scott (2015) Natalie Beckman (2012) 

Ronald Zelt (2002) Elizabeth Oswald (2015) Susan Howe (2013) 

Chris Jaquette (2003) Krista Garrett (2016) Dai Thomas (2014) 

Tracy Phelps (2003) Andrew Pfeiffer (2017) Umit Duru (2015) 

Kurt Sable (2004) Julianne Scamardo (2019) Nick Sutfin (2015) 

Ian Dubinski (2005) Ethan Ader (2019) Natalie Kramer Anderson (2016) 

Jaime Goode (2005) Sarah Hinshaw (2019) Bridget Livers (2016) 

Katherine Lininger (2018) 

Dan Scott (2018) 

DeAnna Laurel (2019) 

External Review of GCDAMP Draft FY2021-23 Triennial Work Plan and Budget page 123/123