# Patent

## Title
Compounds act at multiple prostaglandin receptors giving a general anti-inflammatory response

## Abstract

The present invention provides a compound, that is a 1-[(2-{[(alkyl or aryl)methyl]oxy}halo or haloalkyl substituted-phenyl)alkyl]-5-hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl-1H-pyrazole carboxylic acid or alkylenylcarboxylic acid or a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl sulfonamide of said carboxylic acid or said alkylenylcarboxylic acid, provided however said compound is not a 3-carboxylic acid, a sulfonamide thereof, or a 3-methylenylcarboxylic acid. The compound may be represented by the following formula




    
    
        Wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, X, W, X and Y are as defined in the specification. The compounds may be administered to treat DP1, FP, EP1, TP and/or EP4 receptor mediated diseases or conditions.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/170,467, filed Jun. 28, 2011, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/360,755, filed Jul. 1, 2010, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to compounds, to processes for their preparation, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their use in medicine, in particular their use in the treatment of conditions mediated by the action of ligands for the DP1, FP, TP, EP1 and EP4 prostaglandin (PG) receptors. The present compounds have the general structure shown below and act at different prostaglandin receptors to thereby provide a general anti-inflammatory response.
2. Summary of the Related Art
The EP1 receptor is a 7-transmembrane receptor and its natural ligand is the prostaglandin PGE2. PGE2 also has affinity for the other EP receptors (types EP2, EP3 and EP4). The EP1 receptor is associated with smooth muscle contraction, pain (in particular inflammatory, neuropathic and visceral), inflammation, allergic activities, renal regulation and gastric or enteric mucus secretion.
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) exerts allodynia through the EP1 receptor subtype and hyperalgesia through EP2 and EP3 receptors in the mouse spinal cord. Furthermore, it has been shown that in the EP1 knock-out mouse pain-sensitivity responses are reduced by approximately 50%. EP1 receptor antagonist (ONO-8711) reduces hyperalgesia and allodynia in a rat model of chronic constriction injury and inhibits mechanical hyperalgesia in a rodent model of post-operative pain. The efficacy of EP1 receptor antagonists in the treatment of visceral pain in a human model of hypersensitivity has been demonstrated. Thus, selective prostaglandin ligands, agonists or antagonists, depending on which prostaglandin E receptor subtype is being considered, have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties similar to a conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and in addition, inhibit hormone-induced uterine contractions and have anti-cancer effects. These compounds have a diminished ability to induce some of the mechanism-based side effects of NSAIDs which are indiscriminate cyclooxygenase inhibitors. In particular, the compounds have a reduced potential for gastrointestinal toxicity, a reduced potential for renal side effects, a reduced effect on bleeding times and a lessened ability to induce asthma attacks in aspirin-sensitive asthmatic subjects. Moreover, as a result of sparing potentially beneficial prostaglandin pathways, these agents may have enhanced efficacy over NSAIDS and/or COX-2 inhibitors. (See Pub. No. US 2005/0065200, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, for other diseases that may be treated by EP4 receptor antagonists.)
The TP (also known as TxA2) receptor is a prostanoid receptor subtype stimulated by the endogenous mediator thromboxane. Activation of this receptor results in various physiological actions primarily incurred by its platelet aggregatory and smooth muscle constricting effects, thus opposing those of prostacyclin receptor activation.
TP receptors have been identified in human kidneys in the glomerulus and extraglomerular vascular tissue. Activation of TP receptors constricts glomerular capillaries and suppresses glomerular filtration rates indicating that TP receptor antagonists could be useful for renal dysfunction in glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus and sepsis.
Activation of TP receptors induces bronchoconstriction, an increase in microvascular permeability, formation of mucosal edema and mucus secretion, which are typical characteristic features of bronchial asthma. TP antagonists have been investigated as potential asthma treatments resulting in, for example, orally active Seratrodast (AA-2414). Ramatroban is another TP receptor antagonist currently undergoing phase III clinical trials as an anti-asthmatic compound.
Since the DP1 receptor may trigger an asthmatic response in certain individuals, compounds that have DP1 antagonist properties may be useful as anti-asthmatic drugs. (See Pub. No. 2004/0162323, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, for the disclosure of other diseases and conditions that may be treated with DP antagonists.)
Finally, the FP receptor modulates intraocular pressure and mediates smooth muscle contraction of the sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract and the uterus. Thus, antagonists of the FP receptor are useful for treating reproductive disorders. (See U.S. Pat. No. 6,511,999 which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, for other diseases and conditions that may be treated with FP receptor antagonists.)
As further background for the present invention, see US Published Patent Application 2007/0060596 which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides compounds, that are 1-[(2-{[(alkyl or aryl)methyl]oxy}halo or haloalkyl substituted-phenyl)alkyl]-5-hydrocarbyl or 5-substituted hydrocarbyl-1H-pyrazole carboxylic acid or alkylenylcarboxylic acid or a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl sulfonamide of said carboxylic acid or said alkylenylcarboxylic acid, provided however, said compound is not a 3-carboxylic acid, a sulfonamide thereof, or a 3-methylenylcarboxylic acid.
Said alkylenyl may be ethylenyl.
The following terms are used to define the disclosed invention.
“Hydrocarbyl” refers to a hydrocarbon radical having only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Preferably, the hydrocarbyl radical has from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and most preferably from 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
“Substituted hydrocarbyl” refers to a hydrocarbyl radical wherein one or more, but not all, of the hydrogen and/or the carbon atoms are replaced by a halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or phosphorus atom or a radical including a halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or phosphorus atom, e.g. fluoro, chloro, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, phosphate, thiol, etc.
“Methylenyl” refers to a —CH2— linking group.
“Ethylenyl” refers to a —CH2CH2— linking group.
“Alkylenyl” refers to a divalent alkyl linking group.
“Alkyl” refers to a straight-chain, branched or cyclic saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon. Preferably, the alkyl group has 1 to 12 carbons. More preferably, it is an alkyl of from 4 to 10 carbons, most preferably 4 to 8 carbons. Typical alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl, hexyl and the like. The alkyl group may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, cyano, alkoxy, ═O, ═S, NO2, halogen, dimethyl amino, and SH.
“Cycloalkyl” refers to a cyclic saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Preferably, the cycloalkyl group has 3 to 12 carbons. More preferably, it has from 4 to 7 carbons, most preferably 5 or 6 carbons.
“Aryl” refers to an aromatic group which has at least one ring having a conjugated pi electron system and includes carbocyclic aryl, heterocyclic aryl and biaryl groups. The aryl group may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, hydroxyl, halogen, COOR6, NO2, CF3, N(R6)2, CON(R6)2, SR6, sulfoxy, sulfone, CN and OR6, wherein R6 is alkyl.
“Carbocyclic aryl” refers to an aryl group wherein the ring atoms are carbon.
“Heteroaryl” refers to an aryl group having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms as ring atoms, the remainder of the ring atoms being carbon. Heteroatoms include oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. Thus, heterocyclic aryl groups include furanyl, thienyl, pyridyl, pyrrolyl, N-lower alkyl pyrrolo, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, imidazolyl and the like. Preferably, the heteroaryl group has from 2 to 10 carbons. More preferably, it has from 3 to 10 carbons, most preferably 3 carbons.
Said 5-hydrocarbyl may be 5-methyl and said (halo or haloalkyl substituted-phenyl)alkyl may be (halo or haloalkyl substituted-phenyl)methyl.
The compound according to the present invention may be a 1-[(2-{[(alkyl)methyl]oxy}halo or haloalkyl-substituted phenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-ethylenylcarboxylic acid, or a 1-[(2-{[(aryl)methyl]oxy}halo or haloalkyl-substituted phenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid fluoro-substituted alkylsulfonamide or alkylenylcarboxylic acid fluoro-substituted alkylsulfonamide wherein said halo is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro and bromo.
Said halo or haloalkyl-substituted phenyl may be selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethylphenyl, chlorophenyl and bromophenyl.
Preferably, the compound of the present invention may be a trifluoromethylsulfonamide wherein said aryl is chlorophenyl.
Most preferably said alkyl comprising said -{[(alkyl)methyl]oxy} is 3-pentyl. or cyclopentyl.
An “effective amount” is an amount sufficient to accomplish a stated purpose (e.g., achieve the effect for which it is administered, treat a disease, reduce one or more symptoms of a disease or condition). An example of an “effective amount” is an amount sufficient to contribute to the treatment, prevention, or reduction of a symptom or symptoms of a disease, which can be referred to as a “therapeutically effective amount.” A “reduction” of a symptom or symptoms (and grammatical equivalents of this phrase) means decreasing of the severity or frequency of the symptom(s), or elimination of the symptom(s). The actual amount effective for a particular application will depend, inter alia, on the condition being treated.
The dosage and frequency (single or multiple doses) of compounds administered can vary depending upon a variety of factors, including route of administration; size, age, sex, health, body weight, body mass index, and diet of the recipient; nature and extent of symptoms of the disease being treated; presence of other diseases or other health-related problems; kind of concurrent treatment; and complications from any disease or treatment regimen. Other therapeutic regimens or agents can be used in conjunction with the methods and compounds of the invention.
For any compound described herein or combination thereof, the therapeutically effective amounts can be initially determined from cell culture assays.
Therapeutically effective amounts for use in humans may be determined from animal models. For example, a dose for humans can be formulated to achieve a concentration that has been found to be effective in animals.
The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the above compounds in combination with a pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient and to their use in medicine, in particular their use in the treatment of conditions mediated by the action of ligands for the DP1, FP, EP1 and EP4 prostaglandin (PG) receptors.
The compounds of this invention are also useful for treating conditions mediated by the action of ligands for the thromboxane (TP) receptor.
Some embodiments of the present invention include:
1. A compound, that is a 1-[(2-{[(alkyl or aryl)methyl]oxy}halo or haloalkyl substituted-phenyl)alkyl]-5-hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl-1H-pyrazole carboxylic acid or alkylenylcarboxylic acid or a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl sulfonamide of said carboxylic acid or said alkylenylcarboxylic acid, provided however said compound is not a 3-carboxylic acid, a sulfonamide thereof, or a 3-methylenylcarboxylic acid.
2. A compound according to paragraph 1 wherein said 5-hydrocarbyl is 5-methyl.
3. A compound according to paragraph 2 wherein said halo or haloalkyl substituted-phenylalkyl is halo or haloalkyl substituted-phenyl)methyl.
4. A compound according to paragraph 3, that is a 1-[(2-{[(alkyl)methyl]oxy}halo or haloalkyl-substituted phenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-ethylenylcarboxylic acid, wherein said halo is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro and bromo.
5. A compound according to paragraph 3, that is a 1-[(2-{[(aryl)methyl]oxy}halo or haloalkyl-substituted phenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid fluoro-substituted alkylsulfonamide or alkylenylcarboxylic acid fluoro-substituted alkylsulfonamide, wherein said halo is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro and bromo.
6. The compound of paragraph 4 wherein said halo or haloalkyl-substituted phenyl is selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethylphenyl, chlorophenyl and bromophenyl.
7. The compound of paragraph 3 wherein said halo or haloalkyl-substituted phenyl is selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethylphenyl, chlorophenyl and bromophenyl.
8. The compound of paragraph 1 wherein said compound is a trifluoromethylsulfonamide and said aryl is chlorophenyl.
9. The compound of paragraph 6 wherein said alkyl is 3-pentyl.
10. The compound of paragraph 6 wherein said alkyl is cyclopentyl.
11. A compound having the following formula:




Wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of OR7, N(R7)2, and N(R7)SO2R7 wherein R7 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and aryl, wherein said alkyl and aryl may be substituted with fluoro;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; wherein R2 and R3, individually or together, can form a cycloalkyl ring;
X is (CH2)n wherein n is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3; provided however that when n is 0 or 1, R1 is not OR7 or NR2;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and fluoroalkyl;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano and hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy or aryloxy;
R6 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano and hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy and aryloxy;
Z is (CH2)m wherein m is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3; and,
Y is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2 and (CH2)p, wherein p is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3; and
W is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl.
12. The compound of paragraph 11 wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of OH and NHSO2CF3.
13. The compound of paragraph 12 wherein R2 and R3 are H.
14. The compound of paragraph 13 wherein R4 is alkyl.
15. The compound of paragraph 14 wherein R4 is methyl.
16. The compound of paragraph 12 wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano and hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy and R6 is H.
17. The compound of paragraph 16 wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen and fluorinated alkyl and alkoxy.
18. The compound of paragraph 17 wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of chloro, bromo and trifluoromethyl.
19. The compound of paragraph 12 wherein Z is (CH2).
20. The compound of paragraph 12 wherein Y is O.
21. The compound of paragraph 12 wherein W is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, benzylyl and halogen-substituted benzyl.
22. The compound of paragraph 21 wherein W is selected from the group consisting of alkyls having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms.
23. The compound of paragraph 22 wherein W is cyclopentyl.
24. The compound of paragraph 11, wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of:

    N-(3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl)-C,C,C-trifluoromethanesulfonamide;
    3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid;
    3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid;
    3-[1-(5-Bromo-2-cyclopentylmethoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid; and,
    3-[1-(2-Cyclopentylmethoxy-5-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid.


25. A method of making 3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid which comprises hydrolyzing a 3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid methyl ester, to yield 3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid.
26. The method of paragraph 25 wherein said halo is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro and bromo.
27. The method of paragraph 26 wherein said haloalkyl is trifluoromethyl.
28. The method of paragraph 25 wherein said alkyloxy is selected from the group consisting of alkyloxy wherein said alkyl comprises from 4 to 7 carbon atoms.
29. The method of paragraph 28 wherein said alkyl is selected from the group consisting of 3-pentyl and cyclopentylmethyl.
30. The method of paragraph 25 wherein said 3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid is prepared by hydrogenating the corresponding (E)-3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-acrylic acid methyl ester to yield 3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid.
31. The method of paragraph 30 wherein said hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a platinum catalyst.
32. The method of paragraph 30 wherein said (E)-3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-acrylic acid methyl ester is prepared by reacting trimethylphosphonoacetate with the corresponding {1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde to yield said (E)-3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-acrylic acid methyl ester.
33. A method of making N-(3-{1-[5-halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl)-C,C,C-trifluoro-methanesulfonamide comprising the step of (a) reacting the corresponding 0.3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid with cyanuric fluoride to yield 3-{1-[5-halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl fluoride and (b) reacting said 0.3-{1-[5-halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl fluoride with trifluoromethanesulfonamide to yield N-(3-{1-[5-halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl)-C,C,C-trifluoro-methanesulfonamide.
34. The method of paragraph 33 wherein said step (a) is carried out in the presence of pyridine.
The method of paragraph 33 wherein said step (b) is carried out in the presence of DMAP.
36. A method comprising administering a compound having the following formula




Wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of OR7, N(R7)2, and N(R7)SO2R7 wherein R7 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and aryl, wherein said alkyl and aryl may be substituted with fluoro;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; wherein R2 and R3, individually or together, can form a cycloalkyl ring;
X is (CH2)n wherein n is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3, provided however that when n is 0 or 1, R1 is not OR7. or NR2;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and fluoroalkyl;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano and hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy or aryloxy;
R6 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano and hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy and aryloxy;
Z is (CH2)m wherein m is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3;
Y is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2 and (CH2)p, wherein p is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3; and
W is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl.
37. The method of paragraph 36 wherein said compound is administered to treat DP1, FP, EP1, TP and/or EP4 receptor mediated diseases or conditions.
38. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is related to inflammation.
39. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said DP1, FP, EP1, TP and/or EP4 receptor mediated condition or disease is selected from the group consisting of allergic conditions, asthma, allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, uveitis and related disorders, atherosclerosis, blood coagulation disorders, bone disorders, cancer, cellular neoplastic transformations, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and other forms of lung inflammation, congestive heart failure, diabetic retinopathy, diseases or conditions requiring a treatment of anti-coagulation, diseases requiring control of bone formation and resorption, fertility disorders, gangrene, glaucoma, hyperpyrexia, immune and autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions, metastic tumor growth, migraine, mucus secretion disorders, nasal congestion, nasal inflammation, occlusive vascular diseases, ocular hypertension, ocular hypotension, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, pain, perennial rhinitis, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary hypotension, Raynaud's disease, rejection in organ transplant and by-pass surgery, respiratory conditions, hirsutism, rhinorrhea, shock, sleep disorders, and sleep-wake cycle disorders.
40. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said compound is administered as a surgical adjunct in ophthalmology for cataract removal and artificial lens insertion, ocular implant procedures, photorefractive radial keratotomy and other ophthalmogical laser procedures.
41. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said compound is administered as a surgical adjunct in a procedure involving skin incisions, relief of pain and inflammation and scar formation/keloids post-surgery, for treating sports injuries and general aches and pains in muscles and joints.
42. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said DP1, FP, EP1, TP, and/or EP4 receptor mediated condition or disease is an EP1 and/or EP4 receptor mediated condition or disease.
43. The method of paragraph 42 wherein said DP1, FP, EP1, TP and/or EP4 receptor mediated condition or disease is an allergic condition.
44. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition is dermatological allergy.
45. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition is an ocular allergy.
46. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition is a respiratory allergy.
47. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is selected from the group consisting of nasal congestion, rhinitis, and asthma.
48. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is related to pain.
49. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is selected from the group consisting of arthritis, migraine, and headache.
50. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is associated with the gastrointestinal tract.
51. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is selected from the group consisting of peptic ulcer, heartburn, reflux esophagitis, erosive esophagitis, non-ulcer dyspepsia, infection by Helicobacter pylori, alrynitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.
52. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is selected from the group consisting of hyperalgesia and allodynia.
53. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is related to mucus secretion.
54. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said mucus secretion is gastrointestinal.
55. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said mucus secretion occurs in the nose, sinuses, throat, or lungs.
56. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is related to abdominal cramping.
57. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is irritable bowel syndrome.
58. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is a bleeding disorder.
59. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is a sleep disorder.
60. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is mastocytosis.
61. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is associated with elevated body temperature.
62. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is associated with ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
63. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition or disease is associated with ocular hypotension.
64. The method of paragraph 37 wherein said condition relates to surgical procedures to treat pain, inflammation and other unwanted sequelae wherein said surgical procedure includes incision, laser surgery or implantation.
65. The method of paragraph 37 where said condition is related to pain and inflammation and post-surgical scar and keloid formation.
66. A pharmaceutical product comprising a compound having the following formula




Wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of OR7, N(R7)2, and N(R7)SO2R7 wherein R7 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and aryl, wherein said alkyl and aryl may be substituted with fluoro;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; wherein R2 and R3, individually or together, can form a cycloalkyl ring;
X is (CH2)n wherein n is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3; provided however that when n is 0 or 1, R1 is not OR7. or NR2;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and fluoroalkyl;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano and hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy or aryloxy;
R6 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano and hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy and aryloxy;
Z is (CH2)m wherein m is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3;
Y is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2 and (CH2)p, wherein p is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3; and,
W is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof, wherein said product is packaged and labeled for the treatment or prevention of a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of uveitis, allergic conditions, asthma, allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, atherosclerosis, blood coagulation disorders, bone disorders, cancer, cellular neoplastic transformations, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and other forms of lung inflammation, congestive heart failure, diabetic retinopathy, diseases or conditions requiring a treatment of anti-coagulation, diseases requiring control of bone formation and resorption, fertility disorders, hyperpyrexia, gangrene, glaucoma, hypothermia, immune and autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions, metastic tumor growth, migraine, mucus secretion disorders, nasal congestion, nasal inflammation, occlusive vascular diseases, ocular hypertension, ocular hypotension, osteoporosis, pain, perennial rhinitis, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary hypotension, Raynaud's disease, rejection in organ transplant and by-pass surgery, respiratory conditions, rheumatoid arthritis, rhinorrhea, shock, sleep disorders, sleep-wake cycle disorders, sports injuries, muscle aches and pains, and surgical adjunct for minimizing pain, inflammation and scar/keloid formation.
67. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound having the following formula




Wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of OR7, N(R7)2, and N(R7)SO2R7 wherein R7 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and aryl, wherein said alkyl and aryl may be substituted with fluoro;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; wherein R2 and R3, individually or together, can form a cycloalkyl ring;
X is (CH2)n wherein n is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3; provided however that when n is 0 or 1, R1 is not OR7. or NR2;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and fluoroalkyl;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano and hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy or aryloxy;
R6 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano and hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy and aryloxy;
Z is (CH2)m wherein m is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3;
Y is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2 and (CH2)p, wherein p is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3; and
W is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1, 1a and 1b show the reaction scheme for the preparation of the compounds of this invention;
FIG. 2 shows modulating the secretion of IL-8 from human macrophages stimulated by TNFα (n=three donors, normalized by cell viability);
FIG. 3 shows modulating the secretion of MCP-1 from human macrophages stimulated by TNFα (n=three donors, normalized by cell viability);
FIG. 4 shows modulating the secretion of TNFα from human macrophages stimulated by LPS (n=three donors, normalized by cell viability);
FIG. 5 shows modulating MDC secretion from human macrophages stimulated by TNFα (n=three donors, normalized by cell viability);
FIG. 6 shows modulating RANTES secretion from human macrophages stimulated by LPS (n=three donors, normalized by cell viability);
FIG. 7 shows modulating MDC secretion from human macrophages stimulated by LPS (n=three donors, normalized by cell viability);
FIG. 8 shows modulating MIP-1β secretion from human macrophages stimulated by TNFα (n=three donors, normalized by cell viability);
FIG. 9 shows modulating RANTES secretion from human macrophages stimulated by TNFα (n=three donors, normalized by cell viability);
FIG. 10 shows the effect of certain compounds of the invention on allergic conjunctival itch;
FIG. 11 shows the effect of certain compounds of the invention on allergic conjunctival itch; and,
FIG. 12 shows that certain compounds of the invention have a dose dependent effect when tested in a model for uveitis.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides compounds having the general formula:




Wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of OR7, N(R7)2, and N(R7)SO2R7 wherein R7 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and aryl, wherein said alkyl and aryl may be substituted with fluoro or fluoroalkyl;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; wherein R2 and R3, individually or together, can form a cycloalkyl ring;
X is (CH2)n wherein n is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3; provided however that when n is 0 or 1, R1 is not OR7. or NR2;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and fluoroalkyl;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano and hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy or aryloxy;
R6 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano and hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy and aryloxy;
Z is (CH2)m wherein m is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3;
Y is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2 and (CH2)p, wherein p is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3;
W is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl;
Preferably, R1 is selected from the group consisting of OH and NHSO2CF3;
Preferably, R2 is H;
Preferably, R3 is H;
Preferably, R4 is alkyl;
More preferably R4 is methyl;
Preferably, R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano and hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy;
More preferably R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen and fluorinated alkyl and fluorinated alkoxy;
Most preferably, R5 is selected from the group consisting of chloro, bromo and trifluoromethyl;
Preferably, Y is (CH2);
Preferably, Z is O;
Preferably, W is selected from the group consisting of isoalkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl and halogen-substituted phenyl;
More preferably, W is selected from the group consisting of isoalkyl having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl;
Most preferably, W is cyclopentyl or 3-pentyl;
The most preferred compounds of the present invention are selected from the group consisting of:

    N-(3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl)-C,C,C-trifluoromethanesulfonamide;
    3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid;
    3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid;
    3-[1-(5-Bromo-2-cyclopentylmethoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid; and,
    3-[1-(2-Cyclopentylmethoxy-5-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid.


Certain of the compounds of the present invention may be prepared according to methods for preparing similar compounds as set forth in published US Patent Application 2007/0060596, which is hereby incorporated by reference. As shown in FIG. 1, preferably, certain of the preferred compounds of the present invention are prepared by reacting a {1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde with trimethylphosphonoacetate to yield an (E)-3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-acrylic acid methyl ester as shown in FIG. 1. Preferably, said halo is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro and bromo. More preferably said haloalkyl is trifluoromethyl.
Preferably, said alkyloxy is selected from the group consisting of alkyloxy radicals wherein said alkyl is a branched chain alkyl or cycloalkyl; more preferably said alkyl is selected from the group consisting of branched chain alkyl having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms and cycloalkylmethyl wherein said cycloalkyl is cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl and most preferably said alkyl is 3-pentyl or cyclopentylmethyl.
The (E)-3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-acrylic acid methyl ester is hydrogenated to yield the corresponding 3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid.
Preferably, said hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a platinum catalyst.
The 3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid methyl ester is hydrolyzed. to yield 3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid.
The 3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid may be converted to the corresponding N-(3-{1-[5-halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl)-C,C,C-trifluoro-methanesulfonamide by reacting the 3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid with cyanuric fluoride in the presence of pyridine to yield 3-{1-[5-halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl fluoride and subsequently reacting said 3-{1-[5-halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl fluoride with trifluoromethanesulfonamide in the presence of DMAP to yield N-(3-{1-[5-halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl)-C,C,C-trifluoro-methanesulfonamide.
The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention.
The reagents and conditions used in FIG. 1 and the Examples may be abbreviated as follows:
Ac is acetyl;
DCM is dichloromethane;
TFA is trifluoroacetic acid;
RT is room temperature;
Ph is phenyl;
DiBAL-H is diisobutylaluminumhydride;
DMF is dimethylformamide;
Et is ethyl;
THF is tetrahydrofuran;
DMAP is 4-dimethylaminopyridine;
HEPES is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid).
Example 1
N-(3-{1-[5-chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl)-C,C,C-trifluoromethanesulfonamide, 10




Step 1
N′-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-hydrazinecarboxylic Acid Tert-butyl Ester 1




A solution of 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1.5 g, 9.3 mmol), tert-butylcarbazate (1.25 g, 9.3 mmol) and acetic acid (0.54 mL, 9.3 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (50 mL) was stirred under a N2 atmosphere for 30 min at RT. Then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (6.20 g, 27.9 mmol) was added portion wise and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was thoroughly quenched with 2 M HCl (15 mL) and stirred at RT for 1 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water (50 mL) and CH2Cl2 (25 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (2×75 mL), dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to dryness to give hydrazine 1 as a white solid, 2.6 g (100%).
Step 2
1-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester 2




A suspension of N′-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 1 (9.3 mmol) in CH2Cl2 was treated with TFA (20 mL) and stirred at RT overnight. The volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in AcOH (20 mL) and slowly added to a solution of ethyl-2,4-dioxopentanoate in AcOH (10 mL). The resulting mixture was refluxed for 1 h, allowed to cool and stirred at RT for 16 h. Precipitated 1-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 2 was filtered and washed with ether. The white solid was dried overnight in a dessicator yielding 1.2 g (45%).
Step 3
1-[5-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester 3




To a solution of 1-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 2 (0.6 g, 2.0 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) were added potassium carbonate (0.84 g, 6.1 mmol), potassium iodide (0.34 g, 2.0 mmol) and 4-chlorobenzylbromide (0.38 g, 2.2 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at 100° C. overnight. The mixture was poured into water (20 mL) and extracted with Et2O (3×15 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine (30 mL), dried (Na2SO4) and the volatiles were removed in vacuo to give 0.56 g (71%) of 1-(2-Benzyloxy-5-chloro-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 3 as a white solid.
Step 4
{1-[5-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-methanol, 4




To a solution of ester 3 (0.3 g, 0.72 mmol) in THF (6 mL) under N2 atmosphere was added 1M LiAlH4 in Et2O (2.2 mL, 2.20 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. 2 M NaOH (2 mL) was added dropwise and the precipitate was removed by filtration. The volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (20 mL), washed with water (2×15 mL), brine (15 mL), dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to dryness to give alcohol 4 as a white solid, 0.16 g (60%).
Step 5
{1-[5-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde, 5




A solution of alcohol 4 (0.57 g, 1.3 mmol) and 0.5 M Dess-Martin periodinane (9.05 mL, 4.1 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (25 mL) was stirred under N2 atmosphere at RT for 3 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with a 10% aqueous solution of Na2S2O3 (10 mL) and extracted with more CH2Cl2 (10 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (10 mL), dried (Na2SO4) and the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by MPLC (5 g SiO2 cartridge, eluent 70% iso-hexane-30% CH2Cl2) to give aldehyde 5 0.3 g (64%).
Step 6
(E)-3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-acrylic Acid Methyl Ester, 6




A solution of aldehyde 5 (0.25 g, 0.65 mmol), LiCl (0.03 g, 1.21 mmol), trimethylphosphonoacetate (0.11 mL, 0.71 mmol) and DBU (0.19 mL, 1.21 mmol) in CH3CN (10 mL) was stirred under a N2 atmosphere at RT for 2 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between 2 M HCl (15 mL) and EtOAc (20 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with sat. NaHCO3 (15 mL), brine (15 mL), dried (Na2SO4) and the volatiles were removed in vacuo to give a crude ester 6, 0.31 g (99%).
Step 7
3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic Acid Methyl Ester, 7




A suspension of unsaturated ester 6 (0.31 g, 0.65 mmol) and 5% Pt/C (0.01 g) in THF (6 mL) and MeOH (12 mL), previously purged with nitrogen, was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere (balloon) at RT overnight. The platinum was removed by filtration through Hyflo and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness to afford the saturated ester 7, 0.31 g (99%).
Step 8
3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic Acid 8




To a solution of ester 7 (0.31 g, 0.65 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added a solution of LiOH (0.06 g, 1.40 mmol) in water (2 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT overnight. The volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was diluted with water (5 mL) and acidified to pH 1 with 2 M HCl. The acid 8 was isolated by filtration as a white solid and washed with water and dried overnight over KOH in a dessicator to yield 0.09 g (34%).
Step 9
3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl Fluoride 9




To a solution of acid 8 (0.19 g, 0.46 mmol) in dry THF under a N2 atm was added 60 μL of pyridine and 300 μL (3.4 mmol) of cyanuric fluoride. The mixture was refluxed for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature, diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine. After drying over MgSO4, solvents were removed in vacuo to yield 0.14 g (72%) of crude acid fluoride. The crude acid fluoride was used in the next step without further purification.
Step 10
N-(3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl)-C,C,C-trifluoro-methanesulfonamide, 10




To a solution of acid fluoride 9 (0.14 g, 0.33 mmol) and DMAP 0.161 g (1.3 mmol) in dry DCM, trifluoromethanesulfonamide 0.147 g (0.98 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere for 16 hours before diluting with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with 2M HCl, followed by brine, dried over MgSO4 and evaporated to dryness. The crude acyl sulphonamide 10 was purified on silica to yield 0.13 g as a white solid (72%).
Example 2
3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid, 17
Step 1




1-(2-Benzyloxy-5-chloro-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 11




The title compound was prepared following the method in Example 1, Step 3 but substituting 4-chlorobenzyl bromide with benzyl bromide.
Step 2
[1-(2-Benzyloxy-5-chloro-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-methanol, 12




The title compound was prepared following the method in Example 1, Step 4.
Step 3
1-(2-Benzyloxy-5-chloro-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde, 13




The title compound was prepared following the method in Example 1, Step 5.
Step 4
(E)-3-[1-(2-Benzyloxy-5-chloro-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-acrylic acid methyl ester, 14




To a stirred solution of aldehyde 13, (1 g, 2.9 mmol) in THF was added (methoxycarbonylmethylene)triphenylphosphorane, 2 g (6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 70 hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and the organic phase was washed with 2M HCl, saturated NaHCO3 and brine, dried over MgSO4 and evaporated in vacuo. The crude unsaturated ester 14 was purified on silica to yield 1.2 g as a white solid (99%).
Step 5
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid methyl ester, 15
A stirred solution of unsaturated ester 14, (1.2 g, 2.9 mmol) and PtO2, 0.12 g in acetic acid (25 mL) and conc. HCl (5 mL) was hydrogenated at room temperature for 16 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration through Hyflo and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness to afford the saturated ester 15, 0.8 g (90%).
Step 6
3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid methyl ester 16




To a solution of 3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid methyl ester, 15. (0.2 g, 0.63 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) were added potassium carbonate 0.15 g (1.26 mmol), tetrabutylammonium iodide 0.03 g and 3-chloromethylpentane 0.15 g (1.26 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at 150° C. in a microwave reactor. The mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers were combined, washed with brine (30 mL), dried (MgSO4) and the volatiles were removed in vacuo to give 0.21 g (84%) of the methyl ester 16 as a white solid.
Step 7
3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid, 17




The title compound was prepared following the method in Example 1, Step 8.
Example 3
3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid, 18




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Example 3(a)
3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid, is prepared in a similar manner starting initially with 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Example 4
3-[1-(5-Bromo-2-cyclopentylmethoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 19




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with chloromethylcyclopentane.
Example 4(a)
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-cyclopentylmethoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid is also prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with chloromethylcyclopentane
Example 5
3-[1-(2-Cyclopentylmethoxy-5-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid, 20




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-trifluoromethyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with chloromethylcyclopentane.
Example 6
3-[1-(5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 3-chloromethylheptane.
Example 7
3-[1-(5-Bromo-2-(3-methyl-pentyloxy)-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 22




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-Chloro-3-methyl-pentane.
Example 8
3-[1-(5-Bromo-2-(2-methyl-pentyloxy)-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 23




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-Chloro-2-methyl-pentane.
Example 9
3-[1-(5-Bromo-2-((E)-2-methyl-but-2-enyloxy)-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 24




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with (E)-1-Chloro-2-methyl-but-2-ene.
Example 10
3-[1-(5-Bromo-2-(2-methyl-butoxy)-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 25




A suspension of 24 (0.1 g, 0.24 mmol) and PtO2 (0.02 g) in EtOAc (10 mL) and isohexane (10 mL), previously purged with nitrogen, was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere (balloon) at RT for 90 min. The catalyst was removed by filtration through Hyflo, the filtrate was evaporated to dryness and the residue was purified on silica to yield the title compound 25, 0.027 g (26%).
Example 11
3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-2-methyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid 26




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 3-chloromethyl-3-methyl-pentane.
Example 12
3-[1-(5-Bromo-2-(2-cyclobutylmethoxy)-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 27




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-chloromethylcyclobutane.
Example 13
3-[1-(5-Bromo-2-(1-trifluoromethylcyclobutylmethoxy)-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 28




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-chloromethyl-1-trifluoromethylcyclobutane.
Example 14
3-[1-(5-Bromo-2-(1-trifluoromethylcyclopentylmethoxy)-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 29




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-chloromethyl-1-trifluoromethylcyclopentane.
Example 15
3-[1-(5-Bromo-2-heptyloxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 30




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-chloroheptane.
Example 16
3-[1-(5-Bromo-2-isobutoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 31




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-chloroisobutane.
Example 17
N-(3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl)-C,C,C-trifluoro-methanesulfonamide, 32




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Example 18
N-(3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-cyclopentylmethoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl)-C,C,C-trifluoro-methanesulfonamide, 33




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Example 19
N-(3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-isobutoxybenzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl)-C,C,C-trifluoro-methanesulfonamide, 34




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Example 20
N-(3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-isobutoxybenzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl)-N(dimethyl)-sulfonamide, 35




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde
Example 21
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(3-methylbutoxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid, 36




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-chloro-3-methylbutane.
Example 22
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(3-methylpentyloxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 37




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-chloro-3-methylpentane.
Example 23
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(1-isobutyl-3-methylbutoxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 389




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 4-chloro-2,6-dimethylheptane.
Example 24
N-(3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionyl)benzenesulfonamide, 39




The title compound was prepared following the method in Example 1, Step 10 but substituting trifluoromethanesulfonamide with benzenesulfonamide.
Example 25
2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonic acid-(3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionyl)amide, 40




The title compound was prepared following the method in Example 1, Step 10 but substituting trifluoromethanesulfonamide with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonamide.
Example 26
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 41




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 2,4-dichloro-benzyl chloride.
Example 27
N-(3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionyl) C,C,C-trifluoromethanesulfonamide, 42




The title compound was prepared following the method in Example 1, Step 10.
Example 28
N-(3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionyl)benzenesulfonamide, 43




The title compound was prepared following the method in Example 1, Step 10 but substituting trifluoromethanesulfonamide with benzenesulfonamide.
Example 29
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-2-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 44




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 4-chloro2-trifluoromethylbenzyl chloride.
Example 30
Ethanesulfonic acid-(3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionyl)amide, 45




The title compound was prepared following the method in Example 1, Step 10 but substituting trifluoromethanesulfonamide with ethanesulfonamide.
Example 31
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 46




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 4-methoxylbenzyl chloride.
Example 32
Propane-2-sulfonic acid-(3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionyl)amide, 47




The title compound was prepared following the method in Example 1, Step 10 but substituting trifluoromethanesulfonamide with propane-2-sulfonamide.
Example 33
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-methoxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 48




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with chloromethyltetrahydro-2-furan.
Example 34
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(cyclohexyl-methoxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 49




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with chloromethylcyclohexane.
Example 35
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(2,2-dimethylropoxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 50




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane.
Example 36
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(5-methylhexyloxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 51




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-chloro-5-methylhexane.
Example 37
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(1-trifluoromethylcyclopentylmethoxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 52




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-chloro-1-trifluoromethylcyclopentane.
Example 38
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(1-trifluoromethylcyclobutylmethoxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 53




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-chloro-1-butane.
Example 39
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(2-cyclopentylethoxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 54




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 2-chloroethylcyclopentane.
Example 40
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(4-methylpentyloxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 55




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with chloro-4-methylpentane.
Example 41
5-[1-(5-Chloro-2-cyclopentylmethoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-pentanoic acid 56




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but starting (example 1 step 6) with 1-(2-Benzyloxy-5-chloro-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 2-chloroethylcyclopentane
Example 42
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(2-methylpropyloxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 57




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with chloro-2-methylpropane
Example 43
N-(3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-cyclopentylmethoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionyl) C,C,C-trifluoromethanesulfonamide, 58




The title compound was prepared following the method in Example 1, Step 10.
Example 44
N-(3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(2-methylpropyloxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionyl) C,C,C-trifluoromethanesulfonamide, 59




The title compound was prepared following the method in Example 1, Step 10.
Example 45
3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-(1-ethylpropyloxy)benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 60




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 starting from (example 2 step 5) 3-[1-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid methyl ester replacing the method in example 2 step 6 with Mitsunobu method and 3-chloromethylpentane with 3-pentanol.
Example 46
3-[1-[2-(2-Ethyl-butoxy)-5-trifluoromethyl-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 61




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-trifluoromethyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Example 47
3-[1-[2-(2-Ethyl-butoxy)-5-fluoro-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 62




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Example 48
3-[1-[2-(2-Ethyl-butoxy)-5-trifluoromethoxy-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 63




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-trifluoromethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Example 49
3-[1-[2-(2-Ethyl-butoxy)-5-tert-butyl-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 64




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Example 50
3-[1-(2-Cyclopentylmethoxy-5-trifluoromethoxy-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 65




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-trifluoromethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-chloromethylcyclopentane.
Example 51
3-[1-[2-(4-Chloro-benzyloxy)-5-trifluoromethoxy-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 66




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-trifluoromethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 4-chlorobenzyl chloride.
Example 52
3-[1-[2-(4-Chloro-benzyloxy)-5-trifluoromethyl-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 67




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-trifluoromethyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 4-chlorobenzyl chloride.
Example 53
3-[1-(2-Cyclopentylmethoxy-5-methoxy-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 68




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-chloromethylcyclopentane.
Example 54
3-[1-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-5-methoxy-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 69




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 5-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and replacing 3-chloromethylpentane in example 2 step 6 with 1-chloromethylcyclopropane.
Example 55
3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-isopropyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid, 70




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing ethyl-2,4-dioxopentanoate (example 1 step 2 with 4-methyl-3-oxo-pentanoic acid ethyl ester.
Example 56
3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-propyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid, 71




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing ethyl-2,4-dioxopentanoate (example 1 step 2 with 3-oxo-hexanoic acid ethyl ester.
Example 57
3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid, 72




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing ethyl-2,4-dioxopentanoate (example 1 step 2 with 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-pentanoic acid ethyl ester.
Example 58
3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-trifluororomethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid, 73




The title compound was prepared from 1-(2-Benzyloxy-5-bromo-benzyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 77 following the methods described in example 1 and example 2.
1-(2-benzyloxy-5-bromo-benzyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-1h-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 77 preparation:
Step 1
(2-Benzyloxy-5-bromo-phenyl)-methanol, 74




A solution of 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylalcohol (3.677 g, 18.11 mmol) in abs. EtOH (80 ml) and NaOH (0.797 g, 19.921 mmol) was stirred under a N2 atmosphere for 20 min at RT then a solution of benzylbromide (2.15 ml, 18.11 mmol) in abs. EtOH (10 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at RT overnight. The volatiles was removed under vacuum. The reminder was partitioned between HCl (2M aq.) and EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by MPLC (50 g SiO2 cartridge, eluent 90% iso-hexane-10% EtOAc) yielding 4.36 g of (2-benzyloxy-5-bromo-phenyl)-methanol.
Step 2
1-Benzyloxy-4-bromo-2-bromomethyl-benzene, 75




To a solution of (2-benzyloxy-5-bromo-phenyl)-methanol (4.36 g, 14.87 mmol) in DCM (200 ml) cooled with ice-bath under N2 atmosphere a 1M solution of PBr3 in DCM (14.87 ml, 14.87 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at that temperature for 15 min and then at RT overnight. The reaction was quenched with sat. NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness.
Step 3
5-Trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 76




To a solution of 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (1 g, 5.716 mmol) in diethyl ether (2 ml) cooled with ice-bath under N2 atmosphere a solution of ethyl diazoacetate (1.06 ml, 8.574 mmol) in diethyl ether (3 ml) was added drop wise. The mixture was warmed to RT and then refluxed for 3 hours. The volatiles were removed under vacuum. Vacuum distillation provided the title compound.
Step 4
1-(2-Benzyloxy-5-bromo-benzyl)-5-Trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 77




To a solution of 5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (0.114 g, 0.55 mmol) and 1-benzyloxy-4-bromo-2-bromomethyl-benzene (0.196 g, 0.55 mmol) in DMF (2 ml) cooled at RT under N2 atmosphere was added K2CO3 (0.19 g, 1.375 mmol) The mixture was stirred at RT overnight, then acidified with HCl (2M, aq.) and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by MPLC (10 g SiO2 cartridge, eluent 90% iso-hexane-10% EtOAc) yielding 0.18 g of title compound.
Example 59
3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid, 78




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1, in example 2 and in example 62 but replacing 5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester with methyl 1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid.
Example 60
3-{1-[5-Cyano-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid 79




A mixture of 3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid methyl ester (0.309 g, 0.71 mmol), Zn(CN)2 (0.0831 g, 0.71 mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (0.025 g, 0.021 mmol) mmol) in DMF (6 ml) heated at 160° C. in a microwave reactor under a N2 atmosphere for 20 min. The mixture was partitioned between water and EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by MPLC (10 g SiO2 cartridge, eluent 95% iso-hexane-5% EtOAc) yielding 3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid methyl ester. This was dissolved in THF (0.5 ml), MeOH (0.5 ml) and 0.82 M LiOH solution (0.5 ml, 0.41 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated at 100° C. in a microwave reactor for 20 min, thereafter partitioned between 2M HCl and EtOAc, the organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by MPLC (2 g SiO2 cartridge, eluent 80% iso-hexane-20% EtOAc) yielding the title compound.
Example 61
3-{1-[5-Carbamoyl-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid 80




The title compound was prepared from 1 3-{1-[5-Cyano-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid following the methods described in example 64.
Example 62
3-{1-[5-Carboxy-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid 81




The title compound was prepared from 1 3-{1-[5-Cyano-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid following the methods described in example 64, but replacing LiOH with NaOH and adding MeOH as co-solvent while heating in a microwave reactor at 140° C. in a microwave reactor for 30 min.
Example 63
3-{1-[4-(2-Ethyl-butoxy)-biphenyl-3-ylmethyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid 82




The title compound was prepared from 3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid methyl ester and benzeneboronic acid using Suzuki chemistry and following the method in Example 1, Step 8.
Example 64
3-{1-[5-Ethynyl-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid




A mixture of 3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid methyl ester (0.0774 g, 0.18 mmol), [PdCl2(PPh3)]2 (0.007 g, 0.01 mmol), PPh3 (0.0094 g, 0.018 mmol) mmol), CuI (2 mg, 0.01 mmol), trimethylsilylacetylene (0.0196 g, 0.2 mmol), Et2N (0.07314 g, 2.72 mmol in DMF (1 ml) heated at 120° C. in a microwave reactor under a N2 atmosphere for 50 min. The mixture was partitioned between 0.1M HCl and EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by MPLC (20 g SiO2 cartridge, eluent 90% iso-hexane-10% EtOAc) yielding 3-{1-[5-trimethylsilanylethynyl-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid methyl ester (0.0396 g). This was dissolved in THF (20 ml), MeOH (20 ml), glacial acetic acid (8 ml) and Bu4NF solution (24 ml, 1M) was added. The mixture was stirred at RT overnight then heated at 60° C. for 3 hours, thereafter cooled to RT and partitioned between sat. NH4Cl solution and EtOAc, the organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by MPLC (20 g SiO2 cartridge, eluent 85% iso-hexane-15% EtOAc) yielding 3-{1-[5-Ethynyl-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid methyl ester (0.0078 g) which was converted to the title compound following the method in Example 1, Step 8.
Example 65
3-{1-[2-(2-Ethyl-butoxy)-5-methyl-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid 84




A mixture of 3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid methyl ester (0.1363 g, 0.31 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2 (0.00506 g, 0.00621 mmol), Zn(CH3)2 (0.31 mlg, 0.62 mmol in 1,4-dioxane (0.93 ml) heated at 105° C. under a N2 atmosphere for 1 h 50 min. The mixture was cooled to RT, quenched with MeOH (0.2 ml) and partitioned between 1M HCl and EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was converted to the title compound following the method in Example 1, Step 8.
Example 66
3-{1-[5-Ethyl-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid 85




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1, in example 2 and in example 69 but replacing dimethylzinc with diethylzinc.
Example 67
3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-2-methyl-propionic acid 86




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing (methoxycarbonylmethylene)triphenylphosphorane (example 2 step 4) with (ethoxycarbonylethylene)triphenylphosphorane.
Example 68
3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-2-methyl-propionic acid 87




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing (methoxycarbonylmethylene)triphenylphosphorane (example 2 step 4) with (ethoxycarbonylethylene)triphenylphosphorane.
Example 69
3-{1-[2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-2-methyl-propionic acid 88




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing (methoxycarbonylmethylene)triphenylphosphorane (example 2 step 4) with (ethoxycarbonylethylene)triphenylphosphorane.
Example 70
3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(2-cyclopentylmethoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-2-methyl-propionic acid 89




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1 and example 2 but replacing (methoxycarbonylmethylene)triphenylphosphorane (example 2 step 4) with (ethoxycarbonylethylene)triphenylphosphorane.
Example 71
3-{1-[5-Bromo-2-(2-cyclopentylmethoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid, 90




To a solution of 3-{1-[5-bromo-2-(2-cyclopentylmethoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-2-methyl-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.14 g, 0.3 mmol) in dry THF (5 ml) under a N2 atmosphere at −78° C. was added lithium bis(trimethylsislyl)amide (1.8 ml, 1M in THF). The mixture was stirred for 1 hour before addition of a THF solution (1 ml) of MeI (0.255 g, 0.18 mmol). After stirring 3 hours more at −78° C. the mixture was left at RT for 16 hours. The reaction was quenched with sat NH4Cl solution and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by MPLC (10 g SiO2 cartridge, eluent 95-90% iso-hexane-5-10% EtOAc) to yield 0.033 g of 3-{1-[5-bromo-2-(2-cyclopentylmethoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid ethyl ester which was converted to the title compound following the method in Example 1, Step 8.
Example 72
3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(2-cyclopentylmethoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid, 91




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1, example 2 and example 71.
Example 73
3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-cyclopentylethynyl-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid, 92




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1, in example 2 but starting initially (example 1 step 1) with 2-bromo-5-chlorobenzaldehyde,
and in example 68.
Example 74
3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(2-cyclopentylethyl-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid, 93




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1, in example 2 but replacing acetic acid and HCl (example 2 step 5) with EtOAc and in example 78.
Example 75
3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(2-cyclopentylethyl-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic C,C,C-trifluoro-methanesulfonamide, 94




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1, in example 2 and in example 79.
Example 76
3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(4-methylpentynyl)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid, 95




The title compound was prepared following the methods described in example 1, in example 2 and in example 68.
The present invention provides a method of making 3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid which comprises hydrolyzing a 3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid methyl ester, to yield 3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid, wherein said halo is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro and bromo, e.g. said haloalkyl may be trifluoromethyl.
Preferably, said alkyloxy may be selected from the group consisting of alkyloxy wherein said alkyl comprises from 4 to 7 carbon atoms. Preferably, said alkyl may be selected from the group consisting of 3-pentyl and cyclopentylmethyl. Said 3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid may be prepared by hydrogenating the corresponding (E)-3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-acrylic acid methyl ester to yield 3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid, e.g. said hydrogenation may be carried out in the presence of a platinum catalyst.
Said (E)-3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-acrylic acid methyl ester may be prepared by reacting trimethylphosphonoacetate with the corresponding {1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde to yield said (E)-3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-acrylic acid methyl ester.
As can be understood from the above examples, the present invention also provides a method of making N-(3-{1-[5-halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl)-C,C,C-trifluoro-methanesulfonamide comprising the step of (a) reacting the corresponding 0.3-{1-[5-Halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid with cyanuric fluoride to yield 3-{1-[5-halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl fluoride and (b) reacting said 0.3-{1-[5-halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl fluoride with trifluoromethanesulfonamide to yield N-(3-{1-[5-halo or haloalkyl-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy or 4-chloro-alkyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl)-C,C,C-trifluoro-methanesulfonamide.
Preferably, said step (a) is carried out in the presence of pyridine and said step (b) is carried out in the presence of DMAP.
The above compounds were tested for PG antagonist activity as follows using human recombinant prostanoid receptor (DP1, EP1-4, FP, IP and TP) stable cell lines:
In order to measure the response of Gs and Gi coupled prostanoid receptors as a Ca2+ signal, chimeric G protein cDNAs were used. Stable cell lines over-expressing human prostanoid DP1, EP1-4, FP, IP, and TP receptors were established as follows:
Briefly, human prostanoid DP1, EP2, and EP4 receptor cDNAs were co-transfected with chimeric Gqs cDNA containing a haemagglutanin (HA) epitope; human prostanoid EP3 receptors were co-transfected with chimeric Gqi-HA; human EP1, FP, IP, and TP receptor cDNAs were expressed with no exogenous G-proteins. Gqs and Gqi chimeric cDNAs (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif., U.S.A.), as well as cDNAs of prostanoid receptors, were cloned into a pCEP4 vector with a hygromycin B selection marker. Transfection into HEK-293 EBNA (Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen) cells was achieved by the FuGENE 6 transfection Reagent (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, Ind., USA). Stable transfectants were selected according to hygromycin resistance. Because Gqs and Gqi contained an HA epitope, G-protein expression was detected by Western blotting analysis using anti-mouse HA monoclonal antibody and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody, while functional expression of prostanoid receptors was detected by FLIPR screening (Matias et al., 2004). These stable cell lines were validated using previously published antagonists at 10 μM against serial dilutions of standard agonists by FLIPR functional assays for Ca2+ Signaling (as described below).
Ca2+ signaling studies were performed using a FLIPR TETRA system (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif., USA) in the 384-format. This is a high-throughput instrument for cell-based assays to monitor Ca2+ signaling associated with GPCRs and ion channels. Cells were seeded at a density of 5×104 cells/well in BioCoat poly-D-lysine coated, black wall, clear bottom 384-well plates (BD Biosciences, Franklin lakes, NJ, USA) and allowed to attach overnight in an incubator at 37° C. The cells were then washed twice with HBSS-HEPES buffer (Hanks' balanced salt solution without bicarbonate and phenol red, 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4) using an ELx405 Select CW Microplate Washer (BioTek, Winooski, Vt., USA). After 60 min of dye-loading in the dark using the Ca2+-sensitive dye Fluo-4AM (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA), at a final concentration of 2×10−6M, the plates were washed 4 times with HBSS-HEPES buffer to remove excess dye and leaving 50 μl of buffer in each well. The plates were then placed in the FLIPR TETRA instrument and allowed to equilibrate at 37° C. AGN-211377 was added in a 25 μl volume to each well to give final concentrations of 0.1 μM, 0.3 μM, 1 μM, 3 μM, 10 μM, and 30 μM; or 0.067 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.2 μM, 0.3 μM, 0.67 μM, and 1 μM for cells over-expressing TP receptors. After 4.5 minutes, a 7-point serial dilution of the standard agonist for the corresponding receptor, in a 25 μl volume was injected at the final concentrations from 10−11M to 10−6M in 10-fold serial dilution increments for cells expressing human recombinant DP1, EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4, FP, and IP receptors. The dose range for the standard agonist for human recombinant TP receptors was from 10−12M to 10−6M. HBSS-HEPES buffer was used as the negative control for the standard agonists. Cells were excited with LED (light emitting diode) excitation at 470-495 nm and emission was measured through an emission filter at 515-575 nm. Assay plates were read for 3.5 minutes using the FLIPRTETRA. The peak increase in fluorescence intensity was recorded for each well. On each plate, negative controls, dose response of positive controls, and co-treatments of antagonist-agonist for each dose were in triplicates. Standard agonists were as follows: DP=BW 245C, EP1-EP4=PGE2, FP=17-phenyl-PGF2α, IP=Cicaprost, and TP=U-46619. The peak fluorescence change in each well containing drug was expressed relative to vehicle controls with the standard agonist at 10−6M (the positive control). To obtain concentration-response curves, compounds were tested in triplicate in each plate over the desired concentration range.
Ca2+ Signal Studies on Human Recombinant Prostanoid Receptor DP2 
FLIPR functional assays were conducted at Millipore to monitor the activity anti-asthmatic against human DP2 receptors stably expressed in the Chem-5 proprietary host cell line generated by Millipore. Prior to standard agonist addition, the compounds were spotted at 10 μM along with vehicle control (1% Ethanol in HBSS-HEPES buffer) across the assay wells. The assay plate was incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes in the dark. Then an 8-point serial dilution dose response from 10−12M to 10−5M of the standard agonist PGD2 was performed. Assay plates were read for 90 seconds using the FLIPRTETRA. The fluorescence measurements were collected to calculate IC50 values. The assays were done at least 3 times to give n=3.
Data Processing
All plates were subjected to appropriate baseline corrections. Maximum fluorescence values were exported. The raw data of n=1 was first processed by Activity Base using nonlinear regression curve fit to calculate the percentage activity of each data point relative to the positive control (=10−6M of the standard agonist). Then n=3 of this data were exported to GraphPad Prism 4 to calculate the average EC50 of the standard agonist, and the IC50 (the concentration of the antagonist required to inhibit half the standard agonist activity) were calculated using nonlinear regression curve fit, with constraints of bottom constant equal to 0 and top constant equal to 100. Calculation of Kb=[Antagonist Concentration]/(IC50/EC50−1). When no antagonism was detected or when Kb≧10,000 nM, the antagonist is defined as not active (NA).
The results of the above testing are reported in TABLE 1, below.















TABLE 1





Example










No.
FP
DP1
EP1
EP2
EP3
EP4
IP
TP























 1
140
280
22
3100
1400
150
620
12


 4a
110
280
80
4500
NA
180
1200
3


 5
63
220
24
3400
NA
240
6800
7


 3a
180
220
71
2900
7100
68
1100
5


 4
75
240
24
1200
7800
120
1600
30


 3
75
140
40
2300
NA
85
1600
9


 6
400
180
380
NA
8800
1100
1800
10


 7
90
490
90
NA
NA
600
3500
2


 8
90
110
40
NA
6400
400
1700
1


 9
400
750
11
NA
NA
600
4800
2


10
70
360
12
NA
NA
100
4200
2


11
110
380
36
NA
NA
430
NA
25


12
30
110
30
1700
NA
500
3600
30


13
100
900
30
NA
8300
1000
8800
10


14
1000
400
180
NA
NA
1900
NA
160


15
500
400
PAg
NA
NA
8100
2000
500


16
70
200
14
2700
NA
1000
NA
14


17
400
200
15
NA
1000
35
2700
<1


18
250
400
14
NA
NA
300
3100
2


19
220
200
14
NA
 700
30
1400
1


20
160
700
PAg
NA
NA
7900
1600
150


21
225
PAg
350
8200
NA
1000
5525
30


22
90
340
140
NA
NA
600
5200
<1


23
NA
160
1500
PAg
NA
Ag
Ag
Ag


24
800
800
50
5500
2500
900
1000
30


25
400
1330
6
NA
4500
Ag
7900
<1


26
140
500
3
NA
7100
8400
1000
PAg


27
90
200
PAg
NA
 500
150
400
PAg


28
NA
NA
230
NA
NA
NA
NA
540


29
5900
790
70
9800
NA
NA
PAg
Ag


30
5100
2200
130
NA
NA
6400
4000
7


31
200
300
300
2500
NA
7400
1200
9


32
550
2500
PAg
NA
6300
PAg
550
1


33
4000
NA
800
NA
NA
NA
NA
1000


34
200
240
Ag
NA
NA
2500
Ag
Ag


35
110
PAg
100
3200
5400
500
3700
20


36
170
PAg
Ag
PAg
NA
Ag
Ag
Ag


37
1000
400
180
NA
NA
1900
NA
160


38
600
1900
140
NA
NA
3600
6000
8


39
300
PAg
PAg
PAg
NA
PAg
PAg
PAg


40
360
PAg
200
1400
5700
1700
720
40


41
200
PAg
350
8200
NA
1000
5500
30


42
180
260
30
2500
NA
1600
NA
40


43
400
PAg
6
PAg
1700
80
800
2


44
500
800
14
NA
NA
500
NA
5


45
660
500
240
NA
NA
NA
6100
35


46
240
700
40
NA
NA
170
2100
3


47
2300
240
370
NA
NA
400
NA
100


48
150
PAg
80
3000
NA
400
2300
40


49
1700
270
40
NA
NA
1800
2500
24


50
90
Ag
35
4500
7100
200
1500
20


51
20
600
15
 500
6600
7000
PAg
Ag


52
30
100
5
2200
2800
1500
PAg
PAg


53
1900
1500
600
NA
NA
1890
6900
700


54
1000
1700
560
NA
NA
4700
NA
1200


55
110
540
60
NA
3700
80
1100
250


56
900
800
60
NA
2700
3
1300
70


57
500
1600
150
NA
6600
700
800
500


58
PAg
60
370
NA
PAg
PAg
PAg
150


59
1200
300
160
NA
NA
100
2700
1


60
1400
4400
2100
NA
NA
2400
5400
120


61
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
800
NA
1100


62
NA
NA
2000
NA
NA
NA
NA
3700


63
60
170
700
NA
NA
4000
2200
PAg


64
50
800
270
NA
NA
500
2000
9


65
1300
550
150
NA
NA
100
2300
10


66
500
260
100
NA
NA
900
1500
8


67
140
400
10
NA
NA
70
1500
20


68
400
260
70
 45
5200
130
5700
16


69
2500
700
180
NA
NA
600
NA
300


70
130
450
30
NA
NA
80
2000
120


71
200
900
50
NA
3200
80
3100
8


72
450
560
70
NA
NA
180
1700
40


73
50
700
6
NA
2700
600
1600
2


74
3500
600
1300
NA
NA
3300
2200
190


75
1500
350
60
NA
1600
1000
1900
12


76
160
PAg
200
NA
NA
1200
4500
7





(FLIPR) Kb (nM), NA = inactive






As shown in TABLE 1, the preferred compounds of this invention are pan antagonists having activity at the FP, DP, EP1, EP4 and TP receptors, but are inactive at the EP2 and EP3 receptors. Thus, these compounds have a biological selectivity profile making them useful in treating diseases and conditions which are mediated by the EP2 and/or EP3 receptors, without the side effects mediated by the FP, DP, EP1, EP4 and TP receptors.
Thus, the compounds of this invention compound may be administered to treat DP1, FP, EP1, TP and/or EP4 receptor mediated diseases or conditions.
For example, said condition or disease may be related to inflammation, or said DP1, FP, EP1, TP and/or EP4 receptor mediated condition or disease may be selected from the group consisting of allergic conditions, asthma, allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, uveitis and related disorders, atherosclerosis, blood coagulation disorders, bone disorders, cancer, cellular neoplastic transformations, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and other forms of lung inflammation, congestive heart failure, diabetic retinopathy, diseases or conditions requiring a treatment of anti-coagulation, diseases requiring control of bone formation and resorption, fertility disorders, gangrene, glaucoma, hyperpyrexia, immune and autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions, metastic tumor growth, migraine, mucus secretion disorders, nasal congestion, nasal inflammation, occlusive vascular diseases, ocular hypertension, ocular hypotension, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, pain, perennial rhinitis, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary hypotension, Raynaud's disease, rejection in organ transplant and by-pass surgery, respiratory conditions, hirsutism, rhinorrhea, shock, sleep disorders, and sleep-wake cycle disorders.
Said compound may be administered as a surgical adjunct in ophthalmology for cataract removal and artificial lens insertion, ocular implant procedures, photorefractive radial keratotomy and other ophthalmogical laser procedures or as a surgical adjunct in a procedure involving skin incisions, relief of pain and inflammation and scar formation/keloids post-surgery, for treating sports injuries and general aches and pains in muscles and joints.
Preferably, said DP1, FP, EP1, TP, and/or EP4 receptor mediated condition or disease is an EP1 and/or EP4 receptor mediated condition or disease.
Preferably, said DP1, FP, EP1, TP and/or EP4 receptor mediated condition or disease is an allergic condition, e.g. an dermatological allergy, or an ocular allergy, or a respiratory allergy, e.g. nasal congestion, rhinitis, and asthma.
Said condition or disease may be related to pain.
Said condition or disease may be selected from the group consisting of arthritis, migraine, and headache.
Said condition or disease may be associated with the gastrointestinal tract, wherein said condition or disease may be peptic ulcer, heartburn, reflux esophagitis, erosive esophagitis, non-ulcer dyspepsia, infection by Helicobacter pylori, alrynitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.
Said condition or disease may be selected from the group consisting of hyperalgesia and allodynia, or said condition or disease may be related to mucus secretion, wherein said mucus secretion is gastrointestinal, or occurs in the nose, sinuses, throat, or lungs.
Said condition or disease is related to abdominal cramping, e.g. said condition or disease may be irritable bowel syndrome.
Said condition or disease may be a bleeding disorder, or a sleep disorder, or mastocytosis.
Said condition or disease may be associated with elevated body temperature, or ocular hypertension and glaucoma, or ocular hypotension.
Said condition may relate to surgical procedures to treat pain, inflammation and other unwanted sequelae wherein said surgical procedure includes incision, laser surgery or implantation.
The present invention also relates to a method of treating inflammation resulting from inflammatory diseases characterized by monocytic infiltration caused by the secretion of cytokines and/or chemokines by administration, to a patient in need of said treatment, of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the present invention
The current finding that the compounds of this invention are effective in attenuating the production of TNF family cytokines (TNFα), and the classical interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines is especially important. These cytokines exert a broad spectrum of biological and pathological effects. They play key roles in inflammation and RA pathogenesis by stimulating the release of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, including themselves, through the NFκB signaling pathway. Although alleviating the symptoms of RA in 50-65% of patients, a TNFα antibody is very expensive to use compared to chemically synthesized small molecules, inconvenient to administer usually requiring injections, and has been linked to tuberculosis, lymphoma, and other adverse effects. Unlike a TNFα antibody that totally eliminates all circulating TNFα in the system; the compounds of this invention only attenuate the production of TNFα by inhibiting proinflammatory PG receptors. Therefore the adverse effects associated with a TNFα antibody in elevating infectious and cancerous tendency is less likely.
Proinflammatory elements TNF, RANTES, and MCP-1 are involved in the cascade of events in the early and late stages of atherosclerosis. Plasma MCP-1 levels have been linked to cardiovascular disease risk factors in clinical studies. Platelet activation leads to the release of MIP-1α, RANTES, and IL-8, which attract leukocytes and further activate other platelets. These evidences provide a direct linkage between homeostasis, infection, and inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis. The compounds of this invention are able to target multiple biomarkers of inflammation, thrombosis, and atherothrombosis simultaneously, which may confer pharmaceutical potential on the compounds of this invention in treating atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. As a result, the compounds of this invention are unlikely to be associated with cardiovascular liability as in the case of the COXIBs, conversely it may even have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular function.
In summary, because of their ability to suppress the synthesis of some key proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines IL-8, MCP-1, MDC, RANTES, and TNFα, the compounds of the present invention are not only at least as effective as COXIBs and NSAIDs in RA treatment, but also are a safer therapy in RA treatment. They are also a potential therapy for cardiovascular diseases.
The compounds of this invention treat or prevent inflammation at least in part by the decreasing the amount of the secretion of certain cytokines and/or chemokines that result from the exposure of the patient to a stimulant. In particular, the secretion of VEGF, MIP-1β, IL-8, MCP-1, MDC, and RANTES is reduced in those instances where said secretions are triggered by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and or TNFα.
Interleukin-8 (IL-8): functions as a potent chemoattractants and activator of neutrophils, IL-8 is produced in response to stimulation with either IL-1 or TNFα. IL-8 not only accounts for a significant proportion of the chemotactic activity for neutrophils in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluids, but also is a potent angiogenic factor in the RA synovium.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, or CCL-2): is not only believed to play a role in inflammatory diseases characterized by monocytic infiltration, such as RA rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atherosclerosis, but is also implicated in other diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, renal disease, pleurisy, allergy and asthma, colitis, endometriosis, polymyositis and dermatomyositis, uveitis, restenosis, brain inflammation and obesity. MCP-1 also controls leukocyte trafficking in vascular cells involved in diabetes and diabetes-induced atherosclerosis. MCP-1 antibodies are potential therapeutic agents for treating MCP-1/CCR2-mediated multiple inflammatory diseases.
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα): mainly secreted by macrophages and recognized for its importance in activating the cytokine cascade. TNFα stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, collagenases, metalloproteinases, and other inflammatory mediators; activates endothelial cells and neutrophils; promotes T- and B-cell growth, as well as stimulating bone resorption. The TNFα antibody infliximab not only decreases the production of local and systemic proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, but also reduces serum MMP-3 production, nitric oxide synthase activity, VEGF release, and angiogenesis in inflamed joints.
Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) induces chemotaxis for monocyte-derived dendritic cells, activated T cells and natural killer (NK) cells (Ho et al., 2003). Highly expressed by the three major cell types involved in allergic inflammation: eosinophils, basophils, and Th2 lymphocytes (Garcia et al., 2005), as well as highly expressed in atopic dermatitis (Pivarcsi et al., 2005), MDC plays a role in inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis (Ho et al., 2003). Significantly enhanced in keratinocytes of patients with atopic dermatitis, MDC could be a candidate therapeutic target for inflammatory skin disease such as atopic dermatitis (Qi et al., 2009). MDC is also implicated in disease activity of RA. After combination treatment with the disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs leflunomide and methotrexate in RA patients, plasma MCP-1 and MDC concentrations were significantly lower, and so was the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the sites of inflammation (Ho et al., 2003). Moreover, MDC also amplify platelet activation and has been associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease including thrombosis (Gleissner et al., 2008).
Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) is a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T-helper cells and eosinophils, and plays an active role in recruiting leukocytes into inflammatory sites. It also stimulates the release of histamine from basophils, activates eosinophils and causes hypodense eosinophils, which is associated with diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. RANTES receptor CCR5 is also expressed on cells involved in atherosclerosis (e.g. monocytes/macrophages, T lymphocytes, or Th1-type cells), and is specialized in mediating RANTES-triggered atherosclerotic plaque formation (Zernecke et al., 2008). Like MCP-1, stimulation with RANTES enhances production of IL-6 and IL-8 in RA fibroblast-like synovial cells; elevated MMP-3 production by chondrocytes, and inhibited proteoglycan synthesis and enhanced proteoglycan release from the chondrocytes (Iwamoto et al., 2008). Both MCP-1 and RANTES were found to play an important role in allergic lung inflammation, lung leukocyte infiltration, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and the recruitment of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of asthma (Conti et al., 2001). Similar to MCP-1, RANTES also enhances the inflammatory response within the nervous system, which plays an apparent role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (Conti et al., 2001). Inhibitors for RANTES may provide clinical benefits in treating inflammation, CNS disorders, parasitic disease, cancer, autoimmune and heart diseases (Castellani et al., 2007).
While the use of the compounds of this invention are shown to decrease the secretion of the above cytokines in FIGS. 2 through 9, it is believed that the compounds of this invention are effective to decrease the secretion of ENA-7, PAI-1, CD-10, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-1α and IL-18, as well.
The compounds of this invention are also tested for efficacy in treating uveitis as described below.
Arachidonate Induced Uveitis
The rational for this protocol is to use arachidonate to directly produce ocular anterior segment uveitis, as opposed to using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to indirectly release arachidonic acid.
Induction of Uveitis:
Conscious male or female Dutch-belted pigmented rabbits weighing 2.5-3 kg were used for all in vivo slit lamp studies. Four animals were employed per test group. The right eye of each animal receiving 35 μl of topically administered test and the contralateral left eye of each animal receiving 35 μl of topically administered vehicle (t=0 minutes), followed 30 minutes later by treatment with 35 μl of 0.5% sodium arachidonate onto the surface of both eyes (t=30 minutes). Both eyes were examined by slit lamp 60 minutes following sodium arachdionate challenge (t=90 minutes) at 16× magnification under both white light and blue light illumination at an approximate angle of 45° through 1 mm and 5 mm slit widths.
Measurement of Anterior Chamber Leukocyte Infiltration:
Anterior chamber leukocyte infiltration was measured using a numerical scoring system to estimate cell number per field defined by a 5 mm slit width: 0=no cells per field (no response); 1=1-10 cells per field (mild); 2=11-20 cells per field (moderate); 3=26-50 cells per field (severe); 4=>50 cells per filed (florid). Results are reported as the mean score value±S.E.M.
The results are shown in FIG. 12. In FIG. 12 the compounds of Example 3 and 3a were tested at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3 and 1% and a dose dependent response was observed for each compound.
The compounds of this invention were tested according to the method described in “Characterization of Receptor Subtypes Involved in Prostanoid-Induced Conjunctival Pruritis and Their Role in Mediating Conjunctival Itching”, Vol. 279, No. 1, (JPET) 279, 137-142' 1996 for their efficacy in alleviating itch. The results are reported in FIGS. 10 and 11. The results in both experiments showed a significantly lower number of itch-scratch episodes with the use of the compounds of FIGS. 3 and 3(a) thereby indicating that the compounds of this invention are useful in treating allergic conjunctivitis.
The compounds of FIGS. 3 and 3(a) were tested for mutagenicity by means of the Ames Test using Strains TA 98 and TA 100. The results were negative for both compounds.
Finally, said condition that may be treated with the compounds of this invention may be related to pain and inflammation and post-surgical scar and keloid formation.
In view of the various diseases and conditions that may be treated with the compositions of this invention there is provided a pharmaceutical product comprising a compound having the following formula:




Wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of OR7, N(R7)2, and N(R7)SO2R7 wherein R7 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and aryl, wherein said alkyl and aryl may be substituted with fluoro;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; wherein R2 and R3, individually or together, can form a cycloalkyl ring;
X is (CH2)n wherein n is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3; provided however that when n is 0 or 1, R1 is not OR7. or NR2;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and fluoroalkyl;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano and hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy or aryloxy;
R6 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano and hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy and aryloxy;
Z is (CH2)m wherein m is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3:
Y is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2 and (CH2)p, wherein p is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3; and
W is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof, wherein said product is packaged and labeled for the treatment or prevention of a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of uveitis, allergic conditions, asthma, allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, atherosclerosis, blood coagulation disorders, bone disorders, cancer, cellular neoplastic transformations, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and other forms of lung inflammation, congestive heart failure, diabetic retinopathy, diseases or conditions requiring a treatment of anti-coagulation, diseases requiring control of bone formation and resorption, fertility disorders, hyperpyrexia, gangrene, glaucoma, hypothermia, immune and autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions, metastic tumor growth, migraine, mucus secretion disorders, nasal congestion, nasal inflammation, occlusive vascular diseases, ocular hypertension, ocular hypotension, osteoporosis, pain, perennial rhinitis, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary hypotension, Raynaud's disease, rejection in organ transplant and by-pass surgery, respiratory conditions, rheumatoid arthritis, rhinorrhea, shock, sleep disorders, sleep-wake cycle disorders, sports injuries, muscle aches and pains, and surgical adjunct for minimizing pain, inflammation and scar/keloid formation.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand that for administration the compounds disclosed herein can be admixed with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which, per se, are well known in the art. Specifically, a drug to be administered systemically, it may be formulated as a powder, pill, tablet or the like, or as a solution, emulsion, suspension, aerosol, syrup or elixir suitable for oral or parenteral administration or inhalation.
For solid dosage forms, non-toxic solid carriers include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharin, the polyalkylene glycols, talcum, cellulose, glucose, sucrose and magnesium carbonate. The solid dosage forms may be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distcarate may be employed. They may also be coated by the technique described in the U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,256,108; 4,166,452; and 4,265,874, which are hereby incorporate by reference in their entireties, to form osmotic therapeutic tablets for control release. Liquid pharmaceutically administrable dosage forms can, for example, comprise a solution or suspension of one or more of the compounds of the present invention and optional pharmaceutical adjutants in a carrier, such as for example, water, saline, aqueous dextrose, glycerol, ethanol and the like, to thereby form a solution or suspension. If desired, the pharmaceutical composition to be administered may also contain minor amounts of nontoxic auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents and the like. Typical examples of such auxiliary agents are sodium acetate, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine, sodium acetate, triethanolamine oleate, etc. Actual methods of preparing such dosage forms are known, or will be apparent, to those skilled in this art; for example, see Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 16th Edition, 1980. The composition of the formulation to be administered, in any event, contains a quantity of one or more of the presently useful compounds in an amount effective to provide the desired therapeutic effect.
Parenteral administration is generally characterized by injection, either subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously. Injectable formulations can be prepared in conventional forms, either as liquid solutions or suspensions, solid forms suitable for solution or suspension in liquid prior to injection, or as emulsions. Suitable excipients are, for example, water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol and the like. In addition, if desired, the injectable pharmaceutical compositions to be administered may also contain minor amounts of non-toxic auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents and the like.
The amount of the presently useful compound or compounds of the present invention administered is, of course, dependent on the therapeutic effect or effects desired, on the specific mammal being treated, on the severity and nature of the mammal's condition, on the manner of administration, on the potency and pharmacodynamics of the particular compound or compounds employed, and on the judgment of the prescribing physician. The therapeutically effective dosage of the presently useful compound or compounds is preferably in the range of about 0.5 ng/kg/day or about 1 ng/kg/day to about 100 mg/kg/day.
For ophthalmic application, solutions are often prepared using a physiological saline solution as a major vehicle. Ophthalmic solutions should preferably be maintained at a comfortable pH with an appropriate buffer system. The formulations may also contain conventional, pharmaceutically acceptable preservatives, stabilizers and surfactants.
Preservatives that may be used in the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, benzalkonium chloride, chlorobutanol, thimerosal, phenylmercuric acetate and phenylmercuric nitrate. A useful surfactant is, for example, Tween 80. Likewise, various useful vehicles may be used in the ophthalmic preparations of the present invention. These vehicles include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, poloxamers, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and purified water.
Tonicity adjustors may be added as needed or convenient. They include, but are not limited to, salts, particularly sodium chloride, potassium chloride, mannitol and glycerin, or any other suitable ophthalmically acceptable tonicity adjustor.
Various buffers and means for adjusting pH may be used so long as the resulting preparation is ophthalmically acceptable. Accordingly, buffers include acetate buffers, citrate buffers, phosphate buffers and borate buffers. Acids or bases may be used to adjust the pH of these formulations as needed.
Similarly, an ophthalmically acceptable antioxidant for use in the present invention includes, but is not limited to, sodium metabisulfite, sodium thiosulfate, acetylcysteine, butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene.
Other excipient components which may be included in the ophthalmic preparations are chelating agents. A useful chelating agent is edentate disodium, although other chelating agents may also be used in place or in conjunction with it.
For topical use, creams, ointments, gels, solutions or suspensions, etc., containing the compound of the present invention are employed. Topical formulations may generally be comprised of a pharmaceutical carrier, cosolvent, emulsifier, penetration enhancer, preservative system, and emollient.
The actual dose of the compounds of the present invention depends on the specific compound, and on the condition to be treated; the selection of the appropriate dose is well within the knowledge of the skilled artisan.
The present invention is not to be limited in scope by the exemplified embodiments, which are only intended as illustrations of specific aspects of the invention. Various modifications of the invention, in addition to those disclosed herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art by a careful reading of the specification, including the claims, as originally filed. It is intended that all such modifications will fall within the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A compound having the following formula



wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of OR7, N(R7)2, and N(R7)SO2R7 wherein R7 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and aryl, wherein said alkyl and aryl may be substituted with fluoro;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; wherein R2 and R3 together can form a cycloalkyl ring;
X is (CH2)n wherein n is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3; provided however that when n is 0 or 1, R1 is not OR7;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and fluoroalkyl;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano, hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy or aryloxy;
R6 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano, hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy and aryloxy;
Z is (CH2)m wherein m is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3;
Y is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2 and (CH2)p, wherein p is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3; and
W is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, benzylyl and halogen-substituted benzyl.

2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of OH and NHSO2CF3.

3. The compound of claim 2 wherein R2 and R3 are H.

4. The compound of claim 3 wherein R4 is alkyl.

5. The compound of claim 4 wherein R4 is methyl.

6. The compound of claim 2 wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, nitro, amino, and hydroxy, halogen, nitro, amino and cyano-substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy and R6 is H.

7. The compound of claim 6 wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen and fluorinated alkyl and alkoxy.

8. The compound of claim 7 wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of chloro, bromo and trifluoromethyl.

9. The compound of claim 2 wherein Z is (CH2).

10. The compound of claim 2 wherein Y is O.

11. The compound of claim 2 wherein W is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, benzylyl and halogen-substituted benzyl.

12. The compound of claim 11 wherein W is selected from the group consisting of alkyls having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms.

13. The compound of claim 12 wherein W is cyclopentyl.

14. The compound of claim 11, wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of N-(3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionyl)-C,C,C-trifluoromethanesulfonamide,
3-{1-[5-Chloro-2-(2-ethyl-butoxy)-benzyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl}-propionic acid,
3-[1-(5-Bromo-2-cyclopentylmethoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid, and,
3-[1-(2-Cyclopentylmethoxy-5-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-propionic acid.

15. The compound of claim 11 wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of

16. A method for treating inflammation in a human patient which comprises administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of:

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the method reduces inflammation by attenuating the production of (TNFα) and interleukin-1.

18. The compounds of claim 15 wherein the compounds are useful for treating inflammation.

19. The compounds of claim 1 wherein the compounds are useful for treating inflammation.

20. The compounds of claim 15 wherein the compounds are useful for treating an autoimmune disorder.