AO 91 (Rev 11111) Criminal Complaint 

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FILEDO!rfC'iS1i:39JSoc-<RP 

for the 

United States of America 

v. 

EOIN LING CHURN YENG and 

GAL VIN YEO SIANG ANN, 

Defendant(s) 

District of Oregon 

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Case No. 

CRIMINAL COMPLAINT 

UNDER SEAL 

'15 -MJ- 17 3 I - ~ 

I, the complainant in this case, state that the following is true to the best of my knowledge and belief. 

On or about the date(s) of May 2008 through July 2015 in the county of Clackamas & Washington in the 

District of ~~~~~~~~ 

Oregon , the defendant(s) violated: 

Code Section Offense Description 

18 u.s.c. §§ 371, 545 Conspiracy to Smuggle Wildlife into the United States Contrary to 

Law 

This criminal complaint is based on these facts: 

See attached affidavit of Special Agent Paul Montuori. 

~ Continued on the attached sheet. 

Sworn to before me and signed in my presence. 

Date: 

City and state: Portland, Oregon 

-kc·,.- .omp amant .. 

s signature 

-- Special Agent Paul Montuori--USFWS 

Printed name and title 

Judge 's signature 

~i:i_._Stacie F. Beckerma_n, U.S. Mag. Judge 

Printed name and title 

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AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT OF COMPLAINT AND ARREST WARRANT 

I, Paul Montuori, being duly sworn and deposed, state: 

AFFIANT'S TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE 

1. I am a Special Agent (SA) with the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Department of 

the Interior, and have been so employed since 2008. I am currently assigned to the 

Wilsonville, Oregon field Office. Prior to working as a SA with USFWS, I was employed as 

a SA with the US Department of State for nine years. During my employment with the 

USFWS, I have conducted and participated in investigations of violations of wildlife laws 

and have undergone training in the identification and investigation of wildlife crimes. 

During my career as a law enforcement officer, I have been involved in the execution of 

numerous arrest warrants, including arrest warrants for wildlife smuggling. 

PROBABLE CAUSE 

2. This affidavit is submitted in support of a complaint and arrest warrants for EOIN LING 

CHURN YENG ("LING") and GALVIN YEO SIANG ANN ("YEO") and sets forth 

probable cause establishing LING and YEO have committed violations of 18 U.S.C. § 371, 

Conspiracy to Smuggle Wildlife and 18 U.S.C. § 545, Smuggling Wildlife Contrary to Law. 

3. Information contained in this affidavit is based upon information I have gained from my 

investigation, my personal observations, my training and experience, investigation by other 

agents, and interviews of witnesses. Because this affidavit is submitted for the limited 

purpose of establishing probable cause in support of the application for arrest warrants, it 

does not set forth each and every fact that I have learned during the course of this 

investigation. 

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STATUTES 

4. 18 U .S.C. § 3 71 - If two or more persons conspire either to commit any offense against the 

United States, or to defraud the United States, or any agency thereof in any manner or for any 

purpose, and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, 

each shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. 

5. 18 U.S.C. § 545 - It is unlawful to fraudulently or knowingly import or bring into the United 

States any merchandise contrary to law, or to receive, conceal, buy, sell, or in a manner 

facilitate the transportation, concealment, or sale of such merchandise after importation, 

knowing the same to have been imported or brought into the United States contrary to law. 

a. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 ("ESA"), 16 U.S.C. § 1538(a) - It is unlawful for 

any person to: import, export, deliver, receive, carry, transport, ship (interstate or foreign 

commerce), sell or offer for sale (in interstate or foreign commerce) the listed species. 

b. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 

("CITES"), 16 U.S.C. § 1538(c)(l) - It is unlawful for any person subject to the 

jurisdiction of the United States to engage in any trade in any specimens contrary to the 

provisions of the Convention. CITES is an international treaty that regulates trade in 

wildlife and plants and contains three appendices. Appendix I lists species that are the 

most endangered among CITES listed animals and plants and prohibits international trade 

with the exception of non-commercial purposes, such as scientific research. Appendix II 

lists species that may become endangered unless trade is closely controlled. Appendix 

Ill lists species at the request of a country that already regulates trade in the species and 

needs the cooperation of other countries to prevent unsustainable or illegal exploitation. 

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A CITES permit must be obtained to import any species listed in a CITES appendix. All 

of the species included in this affidavit are protected under CITES Appendices I and II. 

THE INVESTIGATION 

6. LING and YEO are co-owners of an online business named BORNEO ARTIFACT and 

regularly smuggled endangered wildlife from the Malaysian island of Borneo to the United 

States from 2005 to 2015. LING and YEO offered and sold skulls and parts through their 

website, email messages, and online auctions. They accepted payments via international 

wire transfer. LING and YEO smuggled the wildlife to the United States via mail parcels and 

declared the items as "crafts." 

7. The investigation began in 2013 when a routine search of an international package from a 

business in Indonesia revealed a Helmeted Hornbill mandible destined for a residence in 

Oregon. Helmeted hornbills are listed as endangered under ESA and listed on CITES 

Appendix I. 

8. I covertly contacted the confidential source ("CS") who lived at the Oregon residence. 1 On 

July 1, 2014, USFWS SA Jimmy Barna purchased from the CS two Orangutan skulls 

(protected by ESA and CITES Appendix I) and one turtle shell (at least CITES II) that the 

CS, LING, and YEO smuggled into the United States. Shortly after the purchase, USFWS 

agents executed a search warrant at the CS's residence in Oregon. During an interview done 

in conjunction with the execution of the search warrant, the CS told me about BORNEO 

ARTIFACT and the following past shipments he received from YEO and LING: 

1 Throughout most of this investigation, the individual referred to in this affidavit as the CS has 

been a target of the investigation. As of June 8, 2015, this individual became a confidential 

source ("CS") and, therefore, is referred to in the affidavit as a "CS." 

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a. On or about May 18, 2008, YEO and LING sold a turtle shell (at least CITES II) to 

the CS and shipped it to the District of Oregon. 

b. On or about October 14, 2008, YEO and LING sold an Orangutan skull to the CS and 

shipped it to the District of Oregon. 

c. On or about November 17, 2008, YEO and LING sold a Langur skull (at least CITES 

II) to the CS and shipped it to the District of Oregon. 

d. On or about March 27, 2011, YEO and LING sold an Orangutan skull and a Macaque 

skull to the CS and shipped them to the District of Oregon. 

e. On or about May 11, 2011, LING and YEO sold a primate skull (at least CITES II) to 

the CS and attempted to ship it to the District of Oregon, but it was seized by USFWS 

in Torrance, CA. The following are email statements by the CS, YEO, and LING 

after the seizure: 

CS: Some distressing news today. I received an envelope in the mail that 

informed me that the Macaque Skull you sent has been seized and is 

subject to forfeiture. Their claim has to do with acquisition of endangered 

species and - if the US Fish and Wildlife Services decides to - they can 

tum it over to a Federal court and the Attorney General's Office. That is 

not good news for me since I am the rightful owner. So, my first question 

is: "Have you had this happen before with one of your US clients?" "And, 

what did you do to help"? If it has not happened before, will you help me? 

I can ABANDON the skull but I am not sure what legal action the US 

Govt will take against me. OR, I can petition for remission and stop the 

forfeiture. The best way to proceed - even though I have no idea what I 

am doing - is to justify the skull acquisition based on the fact that I collect 

these types of cultural artifacts. That would be where I would need your 

help. They (US Dept of Interior) have only given me a few days to 

respond. Please help me as soon as possible. 

YEO: i am sad to hear this but very important: never admit that you have interest 

in this thing and buy it, because it is an offence for buying this item! 

easiest way is to say you have no idea who sent that to you and you totally 

have no intention of owning it, buying it or interested in it. u can say that it 

could be some friends that you made during your vacations and they send 

this to you as friendship and gifts but you have no idea who that person is 

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CS: 

YEO: 

LING: 

because you have visited many places and made many friends from there. 

if you admit that you have interest more investigation will come .. so please 

avoid this .. after all, anyone can send you anything! some can send to a 

wrong address as well and you happen to be the receiver. please let me 

know if there is anything i can help .. also the parcel was sent without any 

sender's address, so no one will know who is sending if you never admit 

that you are the buyer .. dont admit that you want this item. also this is 

normally confiscated and abondoned only and nothing will happen, if u 

dont admit that you are the buyer i can assure you that this will easily 

abondoned and nothing will happen, if you dont admit that you are 

buying .. if you have any question please get back to me first before you 

give any details to custom, i can help u further 

I called the Wildlife Inspector (assigned to this case) in California this 

morning. I told him I didn't know anything about the item (which I hated 

to do because it is not the truth). He said to check the box that says 

"another entity holds an interest in this property" , make the same 

comments, sign the bottom and send it in. That's what I did. I asked him 

who sent me this package and he said he didn't know but likely someone 

in Thailand. I don't know what happens next.. .. probably nothing. I would 

think that this incident would not warrant them turning this over the US 

attorney generals office. I just don't expect that to happen. I have attached 

the form for your reference. 

dont worry, please dont call the custom anymore, it should not be any 

problem, because this is just a small problem for them, they have many 

important one to deal with, dont need to trigger them anymore, so far, I 

out of 10 skulls have problem, but all the skull they will seize without 

doing anything. this is a very slight offence for them and they have got 

many more important one to deal with. 

I am sorry to hear about the skull episode. There is not a chance these 

officers would know what age and ritual/cultural values/artifacts/heritage 

of these objects( skull). The skull sent to u is old, not a recently obtained 

skull and carved as a gift, no no buddy. Customs as random as what 

Galvin tried to explain do sometimes get nosy and dig a little deeper to see 

what objects goes into their country, in this case it's a skull and it does 

alarm those who only sees it as a slaughtered animal rather than an artifact 

trophy. I would be more than happy to do a reasonable discount for your 

next purchase, let me know and I will discuss with Galvin on the best 

possible way for all of us yea? 

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f. On or about October 10, 2012, LING and YEO sold a Macaque skull (at least CITES 

II) with bear claws (at least CITES II) to the CS and shipped it to the District of 

Oregon. 

9. I analyzed PayPal records from 2008 to 2014 and found that the CS sent LING and YEO 

approximately $14,000 via PayPal (sixteen separate monetary transactions). The CS 

corroborated these records during the interview. LING and YEO shipped the CS in the 

District of Oregon approximately twelve wildlife items, including the wildlife mentioned in 

paragraph 8. USFWS records did not reflect the presentation of any CITES permits for these 

wildlife items. 

10. I analyzed email records and documented that, from 2008 to 2014, LING sent hundreds of 

wildlife photos to the CS via email, offering to sell and ship the items in the photos. The 

following is a summary of the ESA/CITES-protected wildlife offered: 

• Sixteen Orangutan skulls (ESA/CITES I) 

• Thirteen unspecified bear skulls (at least CITES II) 

• Two hundred and ten unspecified bear claws (at least CITES II) 

• Twenty nine unspecified bear teeth (at least CITES II) 

• Eighteen unspecified primate skulls (at least CITES II) 

• Twenty unspecified whale bone hairpins (at least CITES II) 

• Two unspecified whale bone statues (at least CITES II) 

• Two Dugong (marine mammal) ribs (ESA/CITES I) 

• One Babirusa skull (wild boar) (ESA/CITES I) 

• Seventeen Helmeted Hombill earrings (ESA/CITES I) 

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• Nine Helmeted Hornbill skulls (ESA/CITES I) 

• Twelve Rhino Hornbill heads (CITES II) 

11. In addition, from 2006 to 2012, USFWS and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers 

intercepted seven incoming packages containing wildlife protected by the ESA and/or 

CITES, including three Orangutan skulls, that had been sent by BORNEO ARTIFACT to 

other U.S. purchasers. USFWS records do not reflect the presentation of any CITES permits 

for these wildlife items. In each instance, BORNEO ARTIFACT declared these wildlife 

items as "crafts." 

COVERT PURCHASE AND COMMUNICATION 

12. On June 22, 2015, the CS agreed to let me use his email address in a covert capacity to 

communicate with LING and YEO. Between or about June 23, 2015 and July 8, 2015, LING 

utilized the email address elizagoh@gmail.com and stated the following, among other things: 

a. On or about June 23, 2015, I sent an email to elizagoh@gmail.com and asked about 

the availability of six items advertised on BORNEOARTIFACT.COM. The wildlife 

items included: a Babirusa skull a Langur skull and a pair of whale bone statues. I 

also inquired about the items in BORNEO ARTIFACT's "back room." In past email 

conversations, LING and the CS used the phrase "back room" to describe the illegal 

wildlife items that were not publically advertised on the BORNEO ARTIFACT 

website or eBay. 

b. On or about June 24, 2015, I expressed interest in the wildlife items, but expressed 

concern about Customs. I asked LING why BORNEO ARTIFACT listed the whale 

items as "organic bone from the sea" on their website. On or about June 24, 2015, 

LING responded to my concern about Customs by saying that they would ship one 

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skull at a time, and possibly ship the Babirusa upper and lower jaws separately. LING 

said the whale bones were purchased from Indonesian islands and explained, ''I'll be 

in hot soup (or worst gunned down by FBI) and removed by ebay if stated they are 

whale bones on ebay." On or about June 26, 2015, LING said that splitting the 

Babirusa's jaws in separate packages would make it "harder to determine its species." 

YEO sent the wildlife in four packages and shipped the Babirusa tusks separate from 

the skull. 

c. On or about June 30, 2015, LING told me that they would declare the Babirusa skull 

and primate skull as "craft for decoration." LING wrote that he did not advertise the 

true composition of the whale and Dugong artifacts and said, "I would rather keep 

their identities close to a small circle of people that I trust." Regarding the horn bill 

skulls, LING stated, "Hombills too are endangered and I do not want to attract 

attention for." 

d. On or about July 2, 2015, LING stated that he and YEO are partners, who both started 

BORNEO ARTIFACT in 2005. LING said their first customer was an American who 

purchased a monkey skull necklace. LING said he and YEO shared the same eBay 

and Gmail accounts in order to monitor daily transactions. LING explained that due 

to extensive travel times from Kuching, Malaysia, to parts of Indonesia, BORNEO 

ARTIFACT depended on "runners" who obtained the items so that LING could spend 

more time managing the BORNEO ARTIFACT eBay account. LING compared the 

runners to Smeagol of the Lord of the Rings trilogy and said the "runners" run 

"around endlessly in search for precious." 

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e. On or about July 2, 2015, I asked LING about CITES permits. On or about July 3, 

2015, LING stated that he would need to go through the Malaysian Forestry 

Department in order to obtain CITES permits, and he was concerned that this 

department would make allegations against BORNEO ARTIFACT that could lead to 

him ending up in "Guantanamo Bay." LING said he could not obtain CITES permits, 

but promised to declare the items as usual. LING recommended that I get to know 

someone in Customs. 

f. On or about July 7, 2015, LING told me that BORNEO ARTIFACT had three active 

runners living in Pontianak, Indonesia (Borneo), and one living on the Indonesian 

island of Sumatra. LING continued with the Lord of the Rings analogy and said, 

"There are many runners in this business, each and everyone of them are EAGER to 

find and please his master. It all comes down to money, which can be a bad thing 

when they come with TONNES of stuff when u only seek for a few." LING 

confirmed that he obtained the Rhino Hornbills from a lady in Balikpapan and that 

the birds were from an Indonesian forest between Samarinda and Banjarmasin 

(Borneo). LING said the birds were hunted for their meat and all of their parts were 

used. LING said bribing Malaysian and Indonesian Customs officials was common. 

13. On or about July 8, 2015, I purchased, via Pay Pal, three Orangutan skulls, four Helmeted 

Hornbill skulls, one Rhino Hornbill head, one Babirusa skull, one primate skull, and one 

Dugong rib for approximately $4,800. 

SHIPMENT OF PACKAGES AND COVERT COMMUNICATION 

14. Once I purchased the wildlife, YEO communicated directly with me about shipping the 

wildlife and used the same email address (elizagoh@gmail.com) that LING utilized. Prior to 

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the purchase, Eoin LING typically signed his emails with a nickname or "Eoin." After the 

purchase, Galvin YEO typically signed his emails with ''Galvin." Between July 9, 2015, and 

September 1, 2015, YEO made the following statements, among others: 

a. On or about July 9, 2015, YEO sent me an email and informed me that he was going 

to ship me all of the items. YEO asked me how I wanted the wildlife declared on the 

Customs form. YEO recommended shipping the Orangutan and Hornbill skulls 

through the "unregistered postal system" so that "they are not able to return back to 

me in case of anything." YEO asked me if I had a connection with Custom officers, 

and said he was not responsible for anything that occurred after the items left 

Malaysia. YEO told me that if there was a "problem" with the shipment I should not 

disclose his or LING's identity. In addition, YEO suggested that I could deny that I 

purchased the wildlife or I could state that the sender of the package had sent it to the 

wrong address. YEO emphasized that Customs was beyond his control. 

b. On or about July 9, 2015, I told YEO that LING recommended that the wildlife items 

should be declared as "crafts for decoration." I told YEO that I was comfortable 

accepting the wildlife without a CITES permit, since LING said BORNEO 

ARTIFACT could not get one from the Malaysian government. I reminded YEO that 

after the seizure of a BORNEO ARTIFACT primate skull in 2011 (paragraph 8e) and 

reported that I never heard anything from Customs because I denied ordering the 

primate skull. 

c. On or about July 15, 2015, I received OHL package Tracking #7696390483 in Lake 

Oswego, Oregon. The package had a return address for "Galvin" in Kuching, 

Malaysia. The package contained one Langur skull, one Dugong rib and four 

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Babirusa tusks ("SUBJECT PACKAGE l ").The invoice on the outside of the 

package listed the package as "crafts for decoration." 

d. On or about July 16, 2015, I received OHL package Tracking #8546536375 in Lake 

Oswego, Oregon. The package had a return address for "Galvin" in Kuching, 

Malaysia. The package contained one Babirusa skull ("SUBJECT PACKAGE 2"). 

The invoice on the outside of the package listed the contents as ·'crafts for 

decoration." 

e. On or about July 15, 2015, YEO told me that he planned on sending the Orangutan 

and Hornbill skulls soon, but expressed concern that his and LING's identity would 

be discovered if the skulls were seized. On or about July 15, 2015, I told YEO that I 

would not reveal his identity ifthe skulls were seized. On or about July 15, 2015, 

YEO replied that he was still concerned with shipping the Orangutan and Hornbill 

skulls. YEO asked me if he could ship the skulls using a different recipient's name so 

that it did not match the name on the Pay Pal transaction. On or about July 15, 2015, I 

provided a name to YEO that was different than the name on the PayPal transaction. 

On or about July 15, 2015, YEO informed me that he closed the Pay Pal transaction 

by providing Pay Pal with the tracking number for the first package. YEO said, "for 

the US04800 paypal payment i will put the 1st OHL tracking number in there, and 

considered the payment and transaction done .. in case, if they inquire about the 

payment, just say the payment, is a for a craft or artwork that you have and similar 

value of US04800, of 1 kg or 2.21bs .. so the skulls has nothing to do with this 

US04800 amount.. I'm taking this very carefully and hope it benefit you and me .. have 

a nice day" 

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f. On or about July 20, 2015, YEO sent two emails to me. The first email included a 

photo that contained a partial tracking number of "132965185MY." YEO said, 

"Please record down the tracking number and delete this email. Don't keep the code 

number in this email." The second email from YEO included the second half of the 

tracking number ("CP"). The tracking number (CPI 32965185MY) revealed that YEO 

changed his shipping method and sent the third package via EMS (Express Mail 

Service). EMS is an international mail system that utilizes the postal administration of 

various countries. On or about July 20, 2015, I asked YEO if he sent the Orangutan 

and Horn bill skulls in one package. On or about July 20, 2015, YEO said he sent the 

five Hornbill skulls in one package. 

g. On or about, August 3, 2015, USFWS SA Sheila O'Connor received USPS package 

tracking # CP 132965185MY in Lake Oswego, Oregon. The package had a return 

address for "Peter Tay" in Sarawak, Malaysia. The package contained four Helmeted 

Hornbill skulls and one Rhino Hornbill head ("SUBJECT PACKAGE 3"). In 

addition, the invoice on the outside of the package listed the package as "crafts for 

decoration." 

h. On or about August 5, 2015, YEO sent two emails to me. The subject line of the first 

email was "i have shipped out" and included a partial tracking number of 

"121703435." In the second email YEO instructed me to add "CP" in front of the 

tracking number provided in the first email and "MY" to the end of the number. The 

tracking number (CP 12 l 703435MY) revealed that YEO sent the fourth and final 

package via EMS. 

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1. On or about August 7, 2015, YEO told me to avoid tracking the package with my 

phone or home computer, but said that a public network would be acceptable. YEO 

also told me to delete the email with the tracking number in case someone approached 

me and asked me about the incoming shipment. YEO told me to "not admit" anything 

and discuss it with him first. 

J· On or about August 7, 2015, I asked YEO about the identity of Peter TAY, the person 

listed on the third package. I also asked YEO why he used EMS to send the 

SUBJECT PACKAGE 3 even though OHL had a much faster delivery time. On or 

about August 7, 2015, YEO responded, "Peter is just a name not anyone, I use EMS 

because EMS I can walk in, as OHL only one office in Kuching and they will know 

who I am .. have a nice day bro!!" 

k. On or about, August 25, 2015, SA Cindi Bockstadter received USPS package 

tracking# CP121703435MY in Lake Oswego, Oregon. The package had a return 

address for "Peter Sim" in Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia. The package contained three 

Orangutan skulls ("SUBJECT PACKAGE 4"). The invoice on the outside of the 

package listed the package as "crafts for decoration." 

I. On or about August 26, 2015, I sent an email to YEO and asked if Peter SIM was a 

fictitious name. On or about September 1, 2015, YEO confirmed that Peter SIM was 

fictitious. YEO also offered me additional wild boar, primate, and hornbill skulls. 

15. There were no CITES permits or invoices attached to or included in SUBJECT PACKAGES 

1-4. In addition, the USFWS Forensics Laboratory ("the Lab") confirmed that the wildlife 

received from BORNEO ARTFACT was in fact three Orangutan skulls (ESA, CITES I), four 

Helmeted Hornbill skulls (ESA, CITES I), one Rhino Hornbill head (CITES II), one 

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Babirusa skull (ESA, CITES I), and one Dugong rib (ESA, CITES I). The Lab also 

identified the primate skull as a Langur (CITES II). 

CONFIRMATION OF DEFENDANT'S IDENTITIES 

16. On or about October 5, 2015, LING sent me photos of his Malaysian passport and YEO's 

Malaysian passport. In addition, LING and YEO sent me US visa applications that contained 

photos and the same identifying information contained in their passports. 

CONCLUSION 

17. Based on the foregoing facts, I believe there is probable cause to conclude that LING and 

YEO have conspired to smuggle wildlife into the United States in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 

371 and 545. I have presented this Affidavit to Assistant United States Attorney Ryan W. 

Bounds, who agrees there is probable cause supporting issuance of warrants for the arrests of 

LING and YEO. 

Paul Montuori 

Special Agent, USFWS 

Subscribed and sworn to before me this~ day of December 2015. 

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