IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE DISTRICT OF OREGON 

CARL EMANUEL SUNDBERG, 

Petitioner, 

v. 

JEFF PREMO, 

Respondent. 

MARSH, Judge. 

Case No. 6:15-cv-01564-MA 

OPINION AND ORDER 

Petitioner is currently under the post-prison superv1s1on of Linn County Parole and 

Probation. He brings this habeas corpus proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. For the 

reasons set forth below, Petitioner's Habeas Corpus Petition (ECF No. 1) is DENIED, and this 

case is DISMISSED. 

BACKGROUND 

In September 2010, a Lane County grand jury charged Petitioner with one count of firstdegree sexual abuse and one count of first-degree unlawful sexual penetration. Resp't Ex. (ECF 

No. 22) 102. In November 2010, Petitioner pleaded guilty to a lesser offense of attempted firstdegree unlawful sexual penetration, pursuant to a plea agreement in which the State agreed to 

drop the other charges, and to recommend a downward departure sentence of 75-months 

imprisonment (minus good time), ten years post-prison supervision, and life-long sex offender 

registration. Resp't Ex. 103. Petitioner signed a plea petition indicating he understood the rights 

1 - OPINION AND ORDER 
he was waiving by pleading guilty, that the plea was entered "freely and voluntarily" with full 

understanding of what he was "giving up by this plea," and that he was "satisfied with the 

representation" of counsel as well as "any investigation which has been conducted on my 

behalf." Resp't Ex. 103. 

The trial court sentenced Petitioner in accordance with the plea agreement. Petitioner did 

not directly appeal his conviction, but subsequently sought post-conviction relief (PCR) on the 

basis that trial counsel was ineffective. Resp't Ex. 106. After conducting a hearing (Resp't Ex. 

140), the PCR court denied relief (Resp't Ex. 141), the Oregon Court of Appeals affirmed 

without opinion (Resp't Ex. 146), and the Oregon Supreme Court denied review (Resp't Ex. 

149). 

Petitioner comes before this Court, claiming he is entitled to habeas relief on the basis of: 

(1) a 14th Amendment violation; (2) a 5th Amendment violation; (3) a 6th Amendment 

ineffective assistance of trial counsel claim; and, (4) a 6th Amendment ineffective assistance of 

appellate counsel claim. Pet. (ECF No. 1) at 6-7. 

Respondent contends Petitioner's first two grounds for relief are procedurally defaulted 

because he failed to raise them to the appropriate state courts. Resp't Resp. (ECF No. 20) at 2. 

With regard to Petitioner's Sixth Amendment claims, Respondent urges this Court to defer to the 

PCR court's determination that Petitioner's trial counsel was adequate. Id. 

DISCUSSION 

I. Procedural Default 

Generally, a state prisoner must exhaust all available state court remedies either on direct 

appeal or through collateral proceedings before a federal court may consider granting habeas 

corpus relief. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(l). A state prisoner satisfies the exhaustion requirement by 

2 - OPINION AND ORDER 
"fairly presenting" his claim to the appropriate state courts at all appropriate stages afforded 

under state law. Castille v. Peoples, 489 U.S. 346, 351 (1989); Baldwin v. Reese, 541 U.S. 27, 

29 (2004); Carrillo-Carrillo v. Coursey, 823 F. 3d 1217, 1220 (9th Cir. 2016); Casey v. Moore, 

386 F. 3d 896, 915-16 (9th Cir. 2004). If the petitioner procedurally defaults his available state 

remedies, habeas relief is precluded absent a showing of cause and prejudice, or that the failure to 

consider the defaulted claims will result in a fundamental miscarriage of justice. Coleman v. 

Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 750 (1991). 

This Court concurs with Respondent's assertion (Resp't Resp. at 2) that Petitioner 

procedurally defaulted all grounds for relief save two instances of ineffective assistance of 

counsel, because he did not fairly present them on appeal from the denial of post-conviction 

relief (Resp't Ex's 106, 142, 143, 144), and he can no longer do so. See Or. Rev. Stat. § 

138.550(3) (requiring all PCR claims to be raised in first PCR proceeding). Further, this Court 

finds Petitioner has made no showing of cause and prejudice to excuse this procedural default, or 

that a miscarriage of justice will ensue if these claims are not addressed. See Coleman, 501 U.S. 

at 750; see also Davis v. Woodford, 384 F.3d 628, 638 (9th Cir. 2004) (holding that Petitioner 

bears the burden of proving he is entitled to habeas relief). Accordingly, habeas relief is 

precluded as to those claims. 

II. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel 

Both parties agree that Petitioner has exhausted, and is therefore entitled to review by this 

Court, of his two claims of ineffective assistance of counsel. Petitioner claims counsel failed to 

adequately explain the terms of the plea agreement to him, and failed to investigate potentially 

exculpatory evidence. Pet'r's Br. in Supp. at 5-6, Resp't Resp. at 10. 

3 - OPINION AND ORDER 
It is clearly established federal law that a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel 

requires a habeas Petitioner to prove that counsel's performance fell below an objective standard 

ofreasonableness, and that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional 

errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. Strickland v. Washington, 466 

U.S. 668, 687-88 (1987). Failure to satisfy either prong of this test obviates the need to consider 

the other. Id. at 687. 

This Court's inquiry under Stickland is highly deferential. The Court must indulge a 

strong presumption that counsel's conduct fell within the wide range of reasonable professional 

assistance. Hibbler v. Benedetti, 693 F.3d 1140, 1149 (9th Cir. 2012). The issue is not whether 

this Court believes the state court's determination under Stickland is incorrect, but whether that 

determination was unreasonable - a substantially higher threshold. Knowles v. Mirzayance, 556 

U.S. 111, 123-24 (2009); Hibbler, 693 F.3d at 1146, 1150. 

A. Counsel Adequately Explained the Plea Agreement to Petitioner 

Petitioner argues he was prejudiced by counsel's failure to adequately explain the terms 

of his guilty plea. Pet' r's Br. in Supp. at 6. Petitioner "believed that he was agreeing to a 16-18 

month sentence" rather than 75-months, at least in part because he suffers from reading 

comprehension issues and Asperger's Syndrome. Id. at 6-7. 

Respondent urges this Court to defer to the PCR court's strongly-worded finding that 

Petitioner is not credible, that trial counsel's affidavit is credible (Resp't Ex. 132), and trial 

counsel adequately assisted Petitioner in the course of accepting the plea offer. Resp't Resp. at 

14. 

The Supreme Court has extended Strickland's two-prong test to ineffective assistance 

claims arising out of the plea process. Hill v. Lockhart, 4 74 U.S. 52, 59 (1985). In addition to 

4 - OPINION AND ORDER 
demonstrating that "counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness" 

(Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688), a prisoner challenging a guilty plea must establish he was 

prejudiced by counsel's deficiencies by demonstrating a "reasonable probability that, but for 

counsel's errors, he would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial." 

Premo v. Moore, 562 U.S. 115, 127-28 (2011); Hill, 474 U.S. at 58-59. 

A guilty plea is valid where "the plea represents a voluntary and intelligent choice among 

the alternative courses of action open to the defendant." Hill, 474 U.S. at 56. "Where, as here, a 

defendant is represented by counsel during the plea process and enters his plea upon the advice of 

counsel, the voluntariness of the plea depends on whether counsel's advice was within the range 

of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases." Id. (internal quotations omitted). 

Additionally, Petitioner must show that he was prejudiced by counsel's errors. Id. at 57-59; 

Lambert v. Blodgett, 393 F.3d 943, 979-80 (9th Cir. 2004). 

During the entry of his plea, Petitioner asked the trial court for extra time to read "the last 

page" of the plea agreement, and the trial court encouraged him to do so, pointing specifically to 

the paragraph containing the following underlined words, "Pursuant to negotiations I hereby 

stipulate and agree to a departure sentence of 75 months prison." Resp't Ex. 103 at 3. 

THE COURT: Mr. Sundberg, stand up, sir. I have this document here entitled 

plea petition. It's got five pages. The last page, looks like it has your signature. 

Did you sign this, sir? 

PETITIONER: Yes, ma'am. 

THE COURT: And did you read it before you signed it? 

PETITIONER: Most of it, yes ma'am. 

THE COURT: Do you want to read more of it? I want you to make sure that you 

read it all. 

5 - OPINION AND ORDER 
PETITIONER: May I read the last page, please? And the second to the last page? 

THE COURT: Yes, please. I want you to read it all and I want you to 

specifically look closely at paragraph 10. 

PETITIONER: That's the one I wanted to look at, thank you. I'm sorry I'm 

taking this time. 

THE COURT: Don't be. 

PETITIONER: Thank you, Your Honor. 

THE COURT: Have you read all that now, sir? 

PETITIONER: Yes, ma'am. 

THE COURT: Alright, and you signed this document? 

PETITIONER: Yes, ma'am. 

THE COURT: Did you sign it freely and voluntarily? 

PETITIONER: Yes, ma'am. 

THE COURT: And do you understand all of its terms and conditions? 

PETITIONER: Yes, ma'am. 

THE COURT: Is this how you want to proceed today? 

PETITIONER: Yes, ma'am. 

THE COURT: And we will, in a moment, file that plea petition. Even though 

everything is set out within this plea petition for your plea today and for these 

negotiations, I'm going to do this out loud with you to make sure that you're 

doing what you want to do, okay? 

PETITIONER: Yes, ma'am. 

THE COURT: Alright. You need to understand that any time you decide to plead 

guilty in a criminal case, you give up certain rights. You give up your right to 

remain silent. You give up your right to a jury trial, give up your right to call and 

cross examine witnesses at that trial. You give up your right to have the State 

prove this charge against you beyond a reasonable doubt. Do you understand 

those rights you'd be giving up if you decide to plead guilty here today? 

6 - OPINION AND ORDER 
PETITIONER: Yes, Your Honor. 

THE COURT: I'm also required to tell you, if you're not a U.S. citizen, 

conviction here could result in deportation or refusal of naturalization. If you are 

a U.S. citizen, that obviously doesn't apply to you. Do you understand that? 

PETITIONER: Yes, ma'am. 

THE COURT: And has anyone threatened you in any way to get you to do this, 

sir? 

PETITIONER: No. 

THE COURT: Has anyone promised you anything besides what's in this plea 

petition to get you to do this? 

PETITIONER: No, ma'am. 

Resp't Ex. 104 at 4-6. 

Petitioner directly contradicted his above statements during his PCR court hearing, where 

he instead claimed he had not read the plea petition because he didn't want to take the court's 

time. Resp't Ex. 140 at 42-43. Petitioner testified that he was shocked during the sentencing 

portion of his plea hearing, when he heard the number 75-months: "And then all of a sudden, it 

dawns on me 'Oh, my God, I can't read this thing. I'm reading-impaired. It will take me ten 

minutes to read this stupid thing. Nobody's going to wait around while I read this thing.' So I 

just pretended to have read it, and just went on with it." Id. at 43. 

Trial counsel attested that when he was appointed as substitute counsel for Petitioner 

(after privately retained counsel withdrew for lack of payment), "the matter had already been 

through the settlement conference process once before, an offer had been tendered, and that offer 

had been rejected by [Petitioner]." Resp't Ex. 132 at 1. The plea agreement Petitioner ultimately 

signed, according to trial counsel, "was identical to the one that had been prepared for him [with 

7 - OPINION AND ORDER 
the assistance of original counsel] in late October of 2010 .... " Id. at 1-2. Trial counsel further 

attested that Petitioner's alleged disabilities did not affect his knowing and voluntary entry of a 

plea: 

As for the question of Asperger's affecting his ability to knowingly and 

voluntarily enter a guilty plea: If he did not understand what he was doing in 

pleading guilty pursuant to a settlement agreement that had been negotiated for 

him weeks before by his previous attorney, then we would not have asked me to 

approach the State and to ask if he might still accept that offer. He knew precisely 

what he was doing. When I saw him at the jail on November 12, 2010, we 

discussed the course of the case, and I told him that the ADA advised of 

additional damaging discovery that would be forthcoming, namely jail house 

phone recordings between Mr. Sundberg and family. He said to me: "OK, let's do 

it [meaning: try to settle the case]." He had apparently had some discussion with 

his family following my visit with them ... and he had had some change of heart. 

Id. at 5 (emphasis in original). 

The PCR trial court found Petitioner's entry of a plea to be knowing and voluntary, and 

that trial counsel's assistance in the process was effective: 

THE COURT: All right. Well, I have been listening to you, Mr. 

Sundberg, and I have been reviewing the documents that have come along as 

we've done that. For example, you, just a few minutes ago, were talking about 

how you were not given an adequate opportunity to review the plea petition, and 

that you somehow read "16 months to 18 months," and that lead you to believe 

that that [sic] was going to be the outcome. 

I would point out that literally immediately below that, the very next line, 

which is underlined, says, "Pursuant to negotiations, I hereby stipulate and agree 

to a departure sentence of 75 months prison," which, incidentally, does, in the 

paragraph above that, qualify you for 20 percent good time, which I'm sure you're 

aware of. 

So I find that the - - that you have not proven any error on the part of Mr. 

von Boeckmann. I find that his declaration is entirely credible. I - - the 

description of his interaction with you - - and I'm going to use this word advisedly 

[sic] - - the fantasy set forth in the suggested defense letter, that's Exhibit 13, 

demonstrates conclusively to me that you are a manipulative liar, sir. That is my 

firm and professional opinion. The same goes for your declarations, which are 

Exhibits 15, 21, and 22. 

8 - OPINION AND ORDER 
I think you are extremely lucky, sir, that counsel assisted you in 

negotiating a plea that resulted in a 75-month sentence that will be reduced, 

assuming you behave yourself, by 20 percent, because what you were facing, sir, 

was a 300-month outcome that, in my opinion, was highly likely. 

I listened to that tape recording with Detective Williams, and he didn't 

trick you. He was skillful and giving [sic] you an opportunity to convict yourself, 

basically. You admitted on that tape that you touched your granddaughter's 

vagina. You said that, sir. And the risk is that if you'd gone to trial, jurors would 

have believed that you meant what you said, and you'd be sitting there now with a 

sentence that would, I presume, in looking at you, include the rest of your life. 

So I find that the case was handled adequately; that Mr. von Boeckmann 

did a more than adequate job. I'm relying upon further remarks in the defendant's 

trial memorandum, and that he has failed - - the petitioner has failed his burden of 

proof. 

*** 

And, Mr. Sundberg, I believe you are a liar. I'm telling you that flat out 

because I don't believe really anything you said. Your whole description and 

manner of how all these people are out to get you, have conspired, and all this, 

that Mr. von Boeckmann set about to put you in prison when he was obligated, in 

my opinion, from what I can see, [sic] performed adequately to try to give you the 

best defense he could. And therefore, I'm signing judgment [sic] today dismissing 

this petition and granting judgment for the State. 

Resp't Ex. 140 at 46-47. 

Petitioner argues the PCR court was objectively unreasonable in determining the facts 

because it refused to consider "over 20 pages" of "new evidence" he sought to introduce during 

his hearing, which Petitioner argues "would have established that his guilty plea was not made 

knowingly and intelligently because of substitute counsel's deficient performance and Mr. 

Sundberg's mental deficiencies." Pet'r's Br. in Supp. at 2; Resp't Ex. 140 at 29. The record 

does not support such a conclusion. 

At the outset of Petitioner's testimony, the PCR court told him not to read from 

handwritten documents he was holding: 

9 - OPINION AND ORDER 
All right. Now, before we get into that, let me just say this: At one point, 

I'm thinking it's in the letter that he just wrote yesterday, Mr. Sundberg was 

talking about reading some 20 pages of stuff. I read it somewhere. I think it's in 

that letter. And I don't - - I don't need that. 

What I need is for Mr. Sundberg to address that's [sic] new. I have read 

these declarations. I have read his petition. I don't need a recitation or repetition 

of all of that stuff. So what I'm going to ask, to the extent you can assist me with 

that, Mr. Bostwick, is that we focus on anything that Mr. Sundberg hasn't 

addressed before. Just saying it over again doesn't make it so. I've read this other 

material, I've digested it, and I did understand your opening statement to, I think, 

very accurately address what Mr. Sundberg is alleging. 

Resp't Ex. 140 at 29. The PCR court proceeded to give Petitioner ample opportunity to testify, 

and to present new evidence, if it existed. Petitioner testified at length about his belief that he 

suffers from severe Autism (Id. at 30-33), that he was "bullied" into confessing to crimes he did 

not commit, by a detective he thought was actually a mental health counselor (Id. at 31-33), that 

his attorney "tampered" with witnesses by speaking to Petitioner's family members (Id. at 35), 

that his attorney did not visit him in jail frequently enough (Id. at 34), and that he very much 

wanted to go to trial (Id.). At no point did he offer any actually new evidence. 

In the present proceeding, Petitioner points to a document from 2003 entitled "Brief 

Neuropsychological L.D. Exam," arguing that it shows he is a slow reader and suffers from 

Asperger's Syndrome, ergo counsel should have spent "extra time" explaining the plea 

agreement to him. Resp't Ex. 111 at 5; ECF No. 32 at 7. Apparently prepared at Petitioner's 

request for the purpose of applying for extra time to complete the CBEST exam, this document 

does not establish that the PCR court was objectively unreasonable by finding Petitioner knew 

what he was agreeing to. Moreover, the PCR court record contains a 2012 psychological 

examination performed at the request of Petitioner's post-conviction counsel, in which a Ph.D. 

clinical psychologist specifically evaluated whether Petitioner's alleged disabilities impacted the 

entry of his plea. Resp't Ex. 129. After listening to his taped confession, reading the transcript 

10 - OPINION AND ORDER 
of his plea and sentencing hearing, and meeting with Petitioner, the psychologist wrote, "The 

claim that [Petitioner] was coerced by his attorney into accepting a plea agreement that he had 

not read does not appear to be supported by available data." Id. at 7. 

In sum, Petitioner has failed to demonstrate trial counsel's representation fell below an 

objective standard of reasonableness, or a reasonable probability that he would not have pleaded 

guilty and would have insisted on going to trial. Hill, 474 U.S. at 58-59. Accordingly, Petitioner 

has also failed to meet his burden of showing the PCR court's rejection of the claim that counsel 

failed to adequately assist him in the plea process was based upon an unreasonable determination 

of the facts, or that it was contrary to, or an unreasonable application of, clearly established law. 

See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(l) &(2). 

B. Counsel Adequately Investigated Potentially Exculpatory Evidence 

Petitioner's second claim of ineffective assistance alleges trial counsel failed to 

investigate potentially exculpatory evidence, such as the possibility that Petitioner's taped 

confession to a police detective was "not as incriminating as the State has suggested." Pet'r's Br. 

in Supp. at 7. He points to a letter written to a settlement judge by original trial counsel, 

attempting to downplay the significance of Petitioner's confession. It reads: 

Statements made by Mr. Sundberg were not as incriminating as the State has 

suggested. Although Mr. Sundberg admitted touching his granddaughter, he 

never made a clear admission this was done with sexual intent. Additionally, 

statements made by Mr. Sundberg were made after several hours of police 

interrogation during which the investigating officer potentially made implied 

promises of leniency. 

Resp'tEx. 119. 

Respondent counters that trial counsel performed an adequate investigation, and that 

Petitioner cannot show a reasonable likelihood he would have insisted upon going to trial "but 

11 - OPINION AND ORDER 
for" counsel's alleged deficiencies, much less that a jury would have acquitted him of the charges 

in the indictment." Resp't Resp. at 15-16. 

When the alleged error is a failure to investigate, the resolution of the prejudice inquiry 

"will depend on the likelihood that discovery of the evidence would have lead counsel to change 

his recommendation as to the plea." Hill, 474 U.S. at 59. "This assessment, in tum, will depend 

in large part on a prediction whether the evidence likely would have changed the outcome of the 

trial." Id. This prediction is made objectively, "without regard for the 'idiosyncrasies of the 

particular decision maker." Id. at 60 (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 695). 

Petitioner offers no evidence demonstrating that the PCR court's finding that his taped 

confession was not coerced, and that after hearing it a jury would likely have found him guilty of 

the crimes charged in the indictment was an unreasonable determination of the facts. Resp't Ex. 

140 at 46-4 7. As noted above, the PCR court record also relied upon trial counsel's affidavit, 

wherein he explained that he personally visited Petitioner's house to view the surroundings in 

which the alleged crime took place, and to "gauge the witness stand-worthiness" of the people 

Petitioner suggested for his defense. He wrote: 

We went at it and didn't pull the plug on investigation and trial prep until 

Mr. Sundberg specifically asked me to approach the ADA and to ask if Mr. 

Sundberg could still be given the opportunity to settle the case per the resolution 

that had been worked out when [original trial counsel] was his lawyer, and further, 

if he could do so by way of an Alford plea. 

Resp't Ex. 132 at 3 (emphasis in original). Trial counsel also attested to strategic consideration 

about how to mitigate Petitioner's taped confession: 

These statements, made to Detective Williams, were damaging and were 

in the State's view plain admissions. Were they? Obviously, at trial we would 

have argued that they were not. We would have argued, probably, that they were 

the statements of a man who felt guilty for having touched his granddaughter's 

vagina, but whose feelings of guilt and remorse and self-loathing were natural 

12 - OPINION AND ORDER 
under the circumstances and did not amount to a confession. Personally, I might 

not have played up the idea that Mr. Sundberg, a man with a learning disability, 

had been duped by Detective Williams, but then again by the point in the case at 

which Mr. Sundberg chose to plead guilty I hadn't settled upon a definite strategy 

for trial. 

Resp't Ex. 142 at 4. 

Again, Petitioner fails to demonstrate trial counsel's assistance fell below an objective 

standard of reasonableness, or that there is a reasonable probability he would not have pleaded 

guilty and would have insisted on going to trial had trial counsel conducted further investigation. 

Hill, 474 U.S. at 58-59; Weaver v. Palmateer, 455 F.3d 958, 971 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding no 

basis upon which a reviewing court could conclude the petitioner was prejudiced where he did 

not even suggest what the results of further investigation may have revealed). Additional 

investigation would not have changed Petitioner's taped confession, which the PCR court 

concluded was very damaging to Petitioner's chances at trial. Resp't Ex. 140 at 46-47; see 

Lambert v. Blodgett, 393 F. 3d 943, 984 (9th Cir. 2004) (prejudice analysis for ineffective 

assistance claim based upon failure to investigate includes consideration of weight of evidence). 

In sum, Petitioner fails to meet his burden of showing the PCR court was objectively 

unreasonable in finding trial counsel to be credible, or that it unreasonably applied Strickland in 

concluding trial counsel adequately investigated potentially exculpatory evidence. See 28 U.S.C. 

§ 2254(d)(1)&(2). 

Ill 

II I 

Ill 

13 - OPINION AND ORDER 
CONCLUSION 

Based on the foregoing, Petitioner's Habeas Corpus Petition (ECF No. 1) is DENIED, and 

this proceeding is DISMISSED, with prejudice. The Court declines to issue a Certificate of 

Appealability because Petitioner has not made a substantial showing of the denial of a 

constitutional right pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). 

IT IS SO ORDERED. 

DATED this _j__Eday of May, 2017. 

Malcolm F. Marsh 

United States District Judge 

14 - OPINION AND ORDER