UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF OREGON

MICHAEL JAMES PLASKER, )

)

Plaintiff, ) Case No. 3:15-cv-1083-MC

)

v. ) OPINION AND ORDER

)

CAROLYN W. COLVIN, )

Acting Commissioner of Social Security, )

)

Defendant. )

____________________________________)

Nelson Hall, Bennett, Hartman, Morris & Kaplan LLP, 210 SW Morrison St., Suite 500, 

Portland, OR 97204. Attorney for Plaintiff.

Billy J. Williams, United States Attorney, and Janice E. Hebert, Assistant United States 

Attorney, United States Attorney’s Office, District of Oregon, 1000 S.W. Third Avenue, 

Suite 600, Portland, OR 97204-2902; Joseph Langkamer, Special Assistant United States 

Attorney, Office of the General Counsel, Social Security Administration, 701 Fifth Avenue, 

Suite 2900 M/S 221A, Seattle, WA 98104-7075. Attorneys for Defendant.

McSHANE, District Judge.

Michael James Plasker (“plaintiff”) seeks judicial review of the final decision of the 

Commissioner of the Social Security Administration (“Commissioner”) denying his application 

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for Social Security Income (“SSI”). Because the Commissioner’s decision is supported by 

substantial evidence, the decision is AFFIRMED.

I. BACKGROUND

A. The Application

Born in June, 1966, plaintiff was 47 years old at the time of the administrative hearing. 

Tr. 52, 243. He completed the 12th grade and attended special education classes. Tr. 248. He 

has past work experience as a factory worker, general laborer, welder, and security guard. Tr 

249. He alleges disability due to back pain, impulse control disorder, sciatica, attention deficit 

disorder, chondromalacia patella, and learning disability. Tr. 247.

Plaintiff filed his application for SSI on December 8, 2011, alleging disability as of 

March 31, 2008. Tr. 35. After the Commissioner denied his application initially and upon 

reconsideration, plaintiff requested a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”). Tr. 

185-87. An administrative hearing was held on November 6, 2013. Tr. 52-119. At the hearing, 

plaintiff amended his alleged onset date to December 8, 2011. Id.

On December 12, 2013, the ALJ issued a written decision finding plaintiff not to be 

disabled. Tr. 32-51. The Appeals Council denied plaintiff’s subsequent request for review on 

February 10, 2014, and the ALJ’s decision became the final decision of the Commissioner. Tr. 1-

6. This appeal followed.

B. The Sequential Analysis

A claimant is disabled if he or she is unable to “engage in any substantial gainful activity 

by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which . . . has lasted or 

can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months[.]” 42

U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). “Social Security Regulations set out a five-step sequential process for 

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determining whether an applicant is disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act.” 

Keyser v. Comm’r Soc. Sec. Admin., 648 F.3d 721, 724 (9th Cir. 2011); see also 20 20 C.F.R. 

§ 416.920; Bowen v. Yuckert, 482 U.S. 137, 140 (1987). Each step is potentially dispositive. 20 

C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4). The five-step sequential process asks the following series of questions:

1. Is the claimant performing “substantial gainful activity?” 20 C.F.R. §

416.920(a)(4)(i). This activity is work involving significant mental or 

physical duties done or intended to be done for pay or profit. 20 C.F.R. § 

416.910. If the claimant is performing such work, she is not disabled 

within the meaning of the Act. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)(i). If the 

claimant is not performing substantial gainful activity, the analysis 

proceeds to step two.

2. Is the claimant’s impairment “severe” under the Commissioner’s 

regulations? 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)(ii). Unless expected to result in 

death, an impairment is “severe” if it significantly limits the claimant’s 

physical or mental ability to do basic work activities. 20 C.F.R. §

416.921(a). This impairment must have lasted or must be expected to last 

for a continuous period of at least 12 months. 20 C.F.R. § 416.909. If the 

claimant does not have a severe impairment, the analysis ends. 20 C.F.R. §

416.920(a)(4)(ii). If the claimant has a severe impairment, the analysis 

proceeds to step three.

3. Does the claimant’s severe impairment “meet or equal” one or more of the 

impairments listed in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1? If so, 

then the claimant is disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)(iii). If the 

impairment does not meet or equal one or more of the listed impairments, 

the analysis proceeds beyond step three. At that point, the ALJ must 

evaluate medical and other relevant evidence to assess and determine the 

claimant’s “residual functional capacity” (“RFC”). This is an assessment 

of work-related activities that the claimant may still perform on a regular 

and continuing basis, despite any limitations imposed by his or her 

impairments. 20 C.F.R. §§ 416.920(e); 416.945(b)-(c). After the ALJ 

determines the claimant’s RFC, the analysis proceeds to step four.

4. Can the claimant perform his or her “past relevant work” with this RFC 

assessment? If so, then the claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. §

416.920(a)(4)(iv). If the claimant cannot perform his or her past relevant 

work, the analysis proceeds to step five.

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5. Considering the claimant’s RFC and age, education, and work experience, 

is the claimant able to make an adjustment to other work that exists in 

significant numbers in the national economy? If so, then the claimant is 

not disabled. §§ 416.920(a)(4)(v); 416.960(c). If the claimant cannot 

perform such work, he or she is disabled. Id.

See also Bustamante v. Massanari, 262 F.3d 949, 954 (9th Cir. 2001).

The claimant bears the burden of proof at steps one through four. Id. at 953; see also 

Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1100 (9th Cir. 1999); Yuckert, 482 U.S. at 140-41. The 

Commissioner bears the burden of proof at step five. Tackett, 180 F.3d at 1100. At step five, the 

Commissioner must show that the claimant can perform other work that exists in significant 

numbers in the national economy, “taking into consideration the claimant’s residual functional 

capacity, age, education, and work experience.” Id.; see also 20 C.F.R. § 416.966 (describing 

“work which exists in the national economy”). If the Commissioner fails to meet this burden, the 

claimant is disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)(v). If, however, the Commissioner proves that 

the claimant is able to perform other work existing in significant numbers in the national 

economy, the claimant is not disabled. Bustamante, 262 F.3d at 953-54; Tackett, 180 F.3d at 

1099.

C. The ALJ’s Decision

The ALJ performed the sequential analysis. At step one, he found that plaintiff had not 

engaged in substantial gainful activity since his application date of December 8, 2011. Tr. 37.

At step two, the ALJ concluded that plaintiff had the severe impairments of degenerative disc 

disease with cervical radiculopathy, left shoulder degenerative joint disease, and affective 

disorder. Tr. 37. At step three, the ALJ determined that plaintiff did not have an impairment or 

combination of impairments that met or medically equaled a listed impairment. Tr. 38.

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The ALJ next assessed plaintiff’s residual functional capacity (“RFC”) and found that he 

retains the capacity to perform light work with the following limitations: he can stand and walk 

for about six hours and sit for about six hours with normal breaks; he can lift, carry, push, and 

pull within light exertional limits; he can occasionally reach overhead and can frequently handle 

and finger; he can understand, remember and carry out unskilled, routine and repetitive work of 

the kind that requires no more than occasional contact with supervisors; he can work in 

proximity to coworkers, but not in a team or cooperative effort; and he can perform work in a 

setting to which the general public is not admitted as part of the regular business of that 

workplace. Tr. 40. 

At step four, the ALJ found that plaintiff was unable to perform any of his past relevant 

work. Tr. 46. At step five, based on the testimony of a vocational expert (“VE”), the ALJ 

concluded that plaintiff could perform jobs that exist in significant numbers in the national 

economy, including eye glass polisher, electronic assembler, and photo copy machine operator.

Tr. 47. Accordingly, the ALJ found that plaintiff was not disabled. Id.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

The district court must affirm the Commissioner’s decision if it is based on the proper 

legal standards and the findings are supported by substantial evidence. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); see 

also Hammock v. Bowen, 879 F.2d 498, 501 (9th Cir. 1989). “Substantial evidence” means 

“more than a mere scintilla but less than a preponderance.” Bray v. Comm’r Soc. Sec. Admin., 

554 F.3d 1219, 1222 (9th Cir. 2009). It means “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind 

might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Id. 

Where the evidence is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation, the 

Commissioner’s conclusion must be upheld. Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 679 (9th 

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Cir. 2005). Variable interpretations of the evidence are insignificant if the Commissioner’s 

interpretation is a rational reading of the record, and this Court may not substitute its judgment 

for that of the Commissioner. See Batson v. Comm’r, 359 F.3d 1190, 1193 (9th Cir. 2004). 

“However, a reviewing court must consider the entire record as a whole and may not affirm 

simply by isolating a specific quantum of supporting evidence.” Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 

630 (9th Cir. 2007) (quoting Robbins v. Soc. Sec. Admin., 466 F.3d 880, 882 (9th Cir. 2006) 

(internal quotations omitted)). The reviewing court, however, may not affirm the Commissioner 

on a ground upon which the Commissioner did not rely. Id.; see also Bray, 554 F.3d at 1226.

III. DISCUSSION

Plaintiff argues that the Commissioner erred by rejecting his subjective symptom

testimony and by rejecting the lay testimony.

A. Plaintiff’s Testimony

There is a two-step process for evaluating a claimant’s testimony about the severity and 

limiting effect of the claimant’s symptoms. Vasquez v. Astrue, 572 F.3d 586, 591 (9th Cir. 

2009). “First, the ALJ must determine whether the claimant has presented objective medical 

evidence of an underlying impairment ‘which could reasonably be expected to produce the pain 

or other symptoms alleged.’” Lingenfelter v. Astrue, 504 F.3d 1028, 1036 (9th Cir. 2007)

(quoting Bunnell v. Sullivan, 947 F.2d 341, 344 (9th Cir. 1991) (en banc)). When doing so, “the 

claimant need not show that her impairment could reasonably be expected to cause the severity 

of the symptom she has alleged; she need only show that it could reasonably have caused some 

degree of the symptom.” Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1282 (9th Cir. 1996).

“Second, if the claimant meets this first test, and there is no evidence of malingering, ‘the 

ALJ can reject the claimant’s testimony about the severity of her symptoms only by offering 

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specific, clear and convincing reasons for doing so.’” Lingenfelter, 504 F.3d at 1036 (quoting 

Smolen, 80 F.3d at 1281). It is “not sufficient for the ALJ to make only general findings; he 

must state which pain testimony is not credible and what evidence suggests the complaints are 

not credible.” Dodrill v. Shalala, 12 F.3d 915, 918 (9th Cir. 1993). Those reasons must be 

“sufficiently specific to permit the reviewing court to conclude that the ALJ did not arbitrarily 

discredit the claimant’s testimony.” Orteza v. Shalala, 50 F.3d 748, 750 (9th Cir. 1995) (citing

Bunnell, 947 F.2d at 345-46).

Effective March 16, 2016, the Commissioner superseded Social Security Rule 

(“SSR”) 96-7p governing the assessment of a claimant’s “credibility” and replaced it with a new 

rule, SSR 16-3p. See SSR 16-3p, available at 2016 WL 1119029. SSR 16-3p eliminates the 

reference to “credibility,” clarifies that “subjective symptom evaluation is not an examination of 

an individual’s character,” and requires the ALJ to consider of all of the evidence in an 

individual’s record when evaluating the intensity and persistence of symptoms. Id. at *1-2. The 

Commissioner recommends that the ALJ examine “the entire case record, including the objective 

medical evidence; an individual’s statements about the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects 

of symptoms; statements and other information provided by medical sources and other persons; 

and any other relevant evidence in the individual’s case record.” Id. at *4. The Commissioner 

recommends assessing: (1) the claimant’s statements made to the Commissioner, medical 

providers, and others regarding the claimant’s location, frequency and duration of symptoms, the 

impact of the symptoms on daily living activities, factors that precipitate and aggravate 

symptoms, medications and treatments used, and other methods used to alleviate symptoms; 

(2) medical source opinions, statements, and medical reports regarding the claimant’s history, 

treatment, responses to treatment, prior work record, efforts to work, daily activities, and other 

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information concerning the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of an individual’s 

symptoms; and (3) non-medical source statements, considering how consistent those statements 

are with the claimant’s statements about his or her symptoms and other evidence in the file. See

id. at *6-7. 

The ALJ’s credibility decision may be upheld overall even if not all of the ALJ’s reasons 

for rejecting the claimant’s testimony are upheld. See Batson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 359 

F.3d 1190, 1197 (9th Cir. 2004). The ALJ may not, however, make a negative credibility finding 

“solely because” the claimant’s symptom testimony “is not substantiated affirmatively by 

objective medical evidence.” Robbins v. Soc. Sec. Admin., 466 F.3d 880, 883 (9th Cir. 2006).

At the hearing plaintiff testified that he has significant back pain, that he cannot stand for 

very long, and that he has difficulty sitting and walking. Tr. 61-89. He reported that he can 

stand for about thirty minutes at a time, and has difficulty getting along with others. Id. In his 

application for SSI, plaintiff alleged that he is in pain three to four times per day, that he has to 

rest eight times per day, and that he must sit of lie down frequently. Tr. 253. Plaintiff stated that 

he cannot lift more than twenty-five pounds, and alleged that he cannot walk more than two 

blocks at a time. Tr. 292. He endorsed limitations in his ability squat, bend, reach, stand, kneel, 

climb stairs, follow instructions, pay attention, get along with others, and handle stress and 

changes in routine. Tr. 292-93. 

 The ALJ rejected plaintiff’s testimony as to the disabling nature of his limitations. Tr. 41. 

First, he found that plaintiff’s activities were inconsistent with the level of impairment alleged in 

his testimony. Tr. 41-42. Evidence of an active lifestyle can undermine a disability claimant’s 

credibility, Bray, 554 F.3d at 1226-27, and daily activities that are inconsistent with alleged 

symptoms are a relevant credibility consideration. Rollins v. Massanari, 261 F.3d 853, 857 (9th 

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Cir. 2001). Here, the ALJ noted that plaintiff attended college classes, attempted to look for a 

full-time job, and volunteered at a local community center five days a week as a maintenance 

man. Tr. 587. Plaintiff also was able to ride his bicycle daily and use public transportation. Tr. 

586-88. The ALJ also noted that plaintiff chose to delay his recommended surgery until the fall 

because he “like[s] to do things in the summer,” indicating that his condition was not as limiting 

as alleged. Tr. 42, 638-39. Based on this evidence, the ALJ reasonably concluded that 

plaintiff’s ability to attend college and perform volunteer activities contradicted his testimony 

regarding the severity of his physical and social limitations. Tr. 41. The ALJ therefore provided 

a clear and convincing reason for rejecting plaintiff’s testimony. Rollins, 261 F.3d at 857. While 

plaintiff provides an alternative interpretation of the evidence of his daily activities, the ALJ’s 

rational conclusion must be upheld. Burch, 400 F.3d at 679 (where the evidence is susceptible to 

more than one rational interpretation, the Commissioner’s conclusion must be upheld). 

The ALJ also found that the medical evidence contradicts plaintiff’s subjective symptom 

testimony regarding his mental and physical impairments. Tr. 42. While a claimant’s testimony 

“cannot be rejected on the sole ground that it is not fully corroborated by objective medical 

evidence,” Rollins, 260 F.3d at 857, conflict with medical evidence is a clear and convincing 

reason to reject a claimant’s testimony. Keyser v. Colvin, 2015 WL 1319503 at *15 (D. Or. 

March 23, 2015). Here, the ALJ noted that while plaintiff complained of significant upper 

extremity limitations, treating physician Tanya Page, M.D. noted that he had full and equal grip 

strength and full motor strength at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist on examination in September, 

2011. Tr. 369. The ALJ noted other medical providers’ observations of deficits in plaintiff’s 

upper extremities were mild to moderate, and were expected to improve with surgery. Tr. 638-

39. 

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The medical evidence also contradicted plaintiff’s testimony regarding his mental 

limitations. For example, treatment notes reveal normal psychiatric observations and 

inconsistent allegations of mental symptoms. Tr. 42. Plaintiff also regularly denied symptoms 

of depression. See, e.g. Tr. 493 (January, 2012 treatment note indicating plaintiff was “not at all” 

bothered by “feeling down, depressed, or hopeless”), 613 (treatment note from August, 2013 

indicating same) 666 (February, 2013 treatment note indicating same), 676 (same), 685 (same).

Based on this conflict between plaintiff’s testimony and the medical evidence, it was reasonable 

for the ALJ to conclude that plaintiff was not completely disabled by his symptoms and 

limitations, as alleged. Keyser, 2015 WL 1319503 at *15. Plaintiff’s alternative interpretation of 

the medical evidence is therefore irrelevant. Batson, 359 F.3d at 1193 (variable interpretations 

of the evidence are insignificant if the Commissioner’s interpretation is a rational reading of the 

record). In sum, the ALJ provided sufficient clear and convincing reasons for rejecting 

plaintiff’s statements regarding his symptoms and limitations.

B. Lay Testimony 

Plaintiff next argues that the ALJ erroneously rejected the lay testimony of Andrew Joel 

Catts, Kara Edge, and Brian Cayson. An ALJ must provide “germane reasons” for rejecting lay 

testimony. Lewis v. Apfel, 236 F.3d 503, 511 (9th Cir. 2001). The ALJ need not discuss every 

witness’s testimony, and “if the ALJ gives germane reasons for rejecting testimony by one 

witness, the ALJ need only point to those reasons when rejecting similar testimony by a different 

witness.” Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1114 (9th Cir. 2012). Inconsistency with other 

evidence in the record is a germane reason for rejecting the testimony of a lay witness. Lewis, 

236 F.3d at 511. Further, it is not reversible error to reject lay testimony when “the lay 

testimony described the same limitations as [claimant’s] own testimony, and the ALJ’s reasons 

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for rejecting [claimant’s] testimony apply with equal force to the lay testimony.” Molina, 674 

F.3d at 1122.

Andrew Catts was the executive director of the Clackamas Service Center, where 

plaintiff volunteered as a maintenance man in exchange for meals. Tr. 91-100. Mr. Catts 

appeared at the administrative hearing and gave testimony. Id. He stated that he was acquainted 

with plaintiff for about five years, and that plaintiff took numerous leaves of absences because he 

has difficulty working with others and taking directions from supervisors. Tr. 91-94. Mr. Catts 

testified that he referred plaintiff to a support group after he “threw an empty cardboard box at 

someone” while at his volunteer site. Tr. 97-98.

Social worker Kara Edge completed a third party function report regarding plaintiff’s 

symptoms and limitations. Tr. 266-73. Ms. Edge noted that plaintiff’s neck, shoulder, knee, and 

back pain made standing, lifting, and bending difficult for him. Tr. 271. She opined that 

plaintiff’s ability to work was limited by his difficulty communicating with others, limited 

tolerance for social situations, and irritability. Tr. 270. Ms. Edge wrote that she was concerned 

that plaintiff’s “may have cognitive impairment / learning disabilities that impact his ability to 

function in daily activities.” Tr. 273. 

Plaintiff’s former supervisor Brian Cayson also submitted a statement to the Agency. Tr. 

317-18. Mr. Cayson stated that plaintiff had been a good worker but had mental and emotional 

issues that made social interaction challenging, and was only capable of working at about 70 

percent of the pace of an average worker. Tr. 318. He opined that plaintiff had difficulties 

working with others, and stated that plaintiff was laid off in March, 2008, because “business 

slowed down and we couldn’t afford to carry [plaintiff] after that.” Id.

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The ALJ considered the lay opinion evidence but gave it little weight. Tr. 43-44. First, 

the ALJ rejected Mr. Catts’s opinion because it conflicted with evidence of plaintiff’s social 

functioning. Tr. 44. For example, while Mr. Catts opined that plaintiff had significant problems 

interacting with others and needed to take frequent breaks, the record shows that plaintiff was 

able to perform a variety of social activities including taking classes, going shopping, and using 

public transportation, apparently without incident. Tr. 62, 91, 269-72. The medical record also 

indicates that plaintiff regularly demonstrated appropriate affect, insight, conversation, and 

judgment upon examination by his medical providers, arguably contradicting Mr. Catts’s opinion 

regarding plaintiff’s social functioning. See, e.g., Tr. 494, 617, 620, 630, 639, 648, 669, 677, 

694. On this record, the ALJ provided germane reason for rejecting Mr. Catts’s lay opinion 

regarding plaintiff’s social limitations. Carmickle v. Comm’r, 533 F.3d 1155, 1164 (9th Cir. 

2008) (substantial evidence supported the ALJ’s rejection of an opinion that conflicted with the 

medical evidence of record). 

The ALJ also rejected the lay opinion of Ms. Edge. Tr. 44. The ALJ found that Ms. 

Edge based much of her opinion on plaintiff’s subjective symptom testimony, which the ALJ 

found not credible. Tr. 44, 266 (indicating plaintiff self-reported difficulties with standing, 

lifting and bending), 268-70 (indicating plaintiff provided information to Ms. Edge regarding his 

daily activities). Ms. Edge’s testimony was also similar to plaintiff’s testimony regarding his 

symptoms and limitations. This was a germane reason for rejecting Ms. Edge’s opinion. See 

Tommasetti, 533 F.3d at 1041 (the ALJ may reject an opinion “if it is based to a large extent on a 

claimant’s self-reports that have been properly discounted as incredible”); see also Molina, 674 

F.3d at 1122 (the ALJ’s reasons for rejecting plaintiff’s testimony “apply with equal force to the 

lay testimony”).

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The ALJ rejected Mr. Cayson’s testimony because it was internally inconsistent. Tr. 44. 

In February, 2012, Mr. Cayson completed an Employer Questionnaire and stated that plaintiff 

was a “good worker,” did not “require any special rest periods or breaks,” and “was able to 

perform routine normal duties.” Tr. 295-96. In a letter dated November, 2013, Mr. Cayson 

stated that plaintiff “worked at about 70% of the pace of an average worker” and has “trouble 

socially.” Tr. 318. The fact that Mr. Cayson made equivocal statements regarding plaintiff’s 

ability to perform work at a consistent pace constitutes a germane reason supporting the ALJ’s 

evaluation of his testimony.

On this record, the ALJ provided sufficient germane reasons for rejecting the lay 

testimony, and his evaluation of the lay evidence is therefore affirmed. Because the ALJ’s 

evaluation of plaintiff’s testimony and the lay witness testimony was free of harmful error, the 

RFC accounted for all of plaintiff’s credible limitations. See Batson, 359 F.3d at 1197 (the ALJ 

is not required to incorporate evidence that he properly determines to be not credible into the 

RFC). The Commissioner’s conclusions were thus based on substantial evidence and are 

affirmed.

IV. CONCLUSION

The Commissioner’s decision that plaintiff is not disabled was supported by substantial 

evidence in the record and is therefore AFFIRMED.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

DATED this _24th__day of August, 2016.

___ _____ 

Michael McShane

United States District Judge

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