FILED

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

April 29, 2016

Elisabeth A. Shumaker

Clerk of Court

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

GRANT HENRY STEWART,

Petitioner - Appellant,

v.

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF

COLORADO; and THE ATTORNEY

GENERAL OF THE STATE OF

COLORADO,

Respondents - Appellees.

No. 15-1463

(D.C. No. 1:15-CV-01885-LTB)

(D. Colo.)

ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY*

Before KELLY, HOLMES, and MORITZ, Circuit Judges.

Grant Henry Stewart, a state prisoner proceeding pro se,1

 seeks a certificate

of appealability (“COA”) to challenge the district court’s denial of his petition for

a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. Exercising jurisdiction pursuant

to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we conclude that Mr. Stewart has not made the required

* This order is not binding precedent except under the doctrines of law

of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its

persuasive value consistent with Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32.1 and

Tenth Circuit Rule 32.1. 

1 Because Mr. Stewart appears pro se, we construe his filings liberally,

see, e.g., Garza v. Davis, 596 F.3d 1198, 1201 n.2 (10th Cir. 2010), but we do not

craft arguments or otherwise advocate for him, see Yang v. Archuleta, 525 F.3d

925, 927 n.1 (10th Cir. 2008). 
showing for a COA, and we accordingly deny his COA application and dismiss

this matter.

I

In October 2006, Mr. Stewart agreed to plead guilty to one count of “sex

assault—victim under fifteen” in Colorado state court. He received a deferred

judgment and sentence for a period of four years. However, in April 2008, he

was found to have violated the conditions of his supervised release, and the court

sentenced him to an indeterminate term of two years to life in prison. Mr.

Stewart did not file a direct appeal, but he did file a number of motions for

postconviction relief, as the district court recounted in detail: 

On May 6, 2008, Mr. Stewart filed in the trial court a

postconviction motion . . . . However, he subsequently withdrew

the motion on June 19, 2008. On June 23, 2009, Mr. Stewart

filed in the trial court a postconviction motion pursuant to Rule

35(a) of the Colorado Rules of Criminal Procedure. On August

3, 2009, in response to the trial court’s order to clarify the relief

he was seeking, Mr. Stewart filed another Rule 35(a) motion. On

September 4, 2009, the trial court denied the Rule 35(a) motion. 

On October 15, 2009, Mr. Stewart filed in the trial court a second

postconviction Rule 35(c) motion. On December 15, 2009, the

trial court denied the second Rule 35(c) motion. The state court

docketing records indicate no further activity in Mr. Stewart’s

case for nearly three years until September 20, 2012, when he

filed a motion to waive probation supervision fees. Mr. Stewart

did not file another postconviction motion in the trial court until

June 30, 2014, when he filed a third postconviction Rule 35(c)

motion. On September 23, 2014, the trial court denied the third

Rule 35(c) motion. Mr. Stewart did not appeal from the denial

of any of these postconviction motions. 

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The trial court’s docketing records indicate that Mr.

Stewart filed a letter on January 14, 2015, that was denied on

January 20, 2015. In response to the trial court’s denial of that

letter, Mr. Stewart submitted to the state appellate courts a

demand for habeas corpus relief that was docketed in the

Colorado Supreme Court on January 30, 2015, as an original

petition for writ of habeas corpus. On May 14, 2015, the

Colorado Supreme Court denied the original petition for writ of

habeas corpus without addressing the merits of the claims

asserted. 

R. at 116–17 (citations omitted). 

Following these state court proceedings, Mr. Stewart filed a 28 U.S.C.

§ 2254 application in federal district court on August 28, 2015, and later filed an

amended application (the one presently before us) on September 21, 2015,

claiming that “the trial Court did not have jurisdiction to proceed against [him],”

R. at 14. The district court declined to grant relief and dismissed the action,

finding in a thorough order that the action was barred by the one-year statute of

limitations period in 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d). 

In reaching this conclusion, the court found that Mr. Stewart’s conviction

had become final—at the latest—on May 29, 2008 (the expiration of the time for

seeking direct review), well over a year before he filed his § 2254 application. 

Furthermore, although the court found that the one-year limitations period was

tolled in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2) for at least some period of time

in 2008 and 2009 while Mr. Stewart’s postconviction motions were pending in

state court, there was a gap of more than four years (from January 2010 to June

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2014) when Mr. Stewart did not have any postconviction motion pending. Thus,

the court concluded, this untolled gap of time rendered the action untimely. 

Lastly, the district court denied a COA, finding that Mr. Stewart had not made a

substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right. 

On appeal, Mr. Stewart has filed a combined opening brief and application

for a COA, seeking to challenge the denial of his habeas petition. 

II

We may issue a COA “only if the applicant has made a substantial showing

of the denial of a constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). To satisfy this

standard, the applicant must show “that reasonable jurists could debate

whether . . . the petition should have been resolved in a different manner or that

the issues presented were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further.” 

Allen v. Zavaras, 568 F.3d 1197, 1199 (10th Cir. 2009) (quoting Slack v.

McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000)). Where the district court denies an

application on a procedural ground, the applicant must show “that jurists of

reason would find it debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the

denial of a constitutional right and that jurists of reason would find it debatable

whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling.” Harris v.

Dinwiddie, 642 F.3d 902, 906 (10th Cir. 2011) (emphasis added) (quoting Slack,

529 U.S. at 484); see Coppage v. McKune, 534 F.3d 1279, 1281 (10th Cir. 2008)

(“If the [habeas] application was denied on procedural grounds, the applicant

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faces a double hurdle.”). Here, we conclude that the correctness of the district

court’s procedural ruling is not debatable by reasonable jurists. Accordingly, we

deny Mr. Stewart a COA. 

The district court was correct in concluding that Mr. Stewart failed to file

his petition within the one-year limitations period prescribed by the

Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (“AEDPA”). See 28 U.S.C.

§ 2244(d)(1) (“A 1-year period of limitation shall apply to an application for a

writ of habeas corpus by a person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a State

court.”). As relevant here, the statute directs that “[t]he limitation period shall

run from . . . the date on which the judgment became final by the conclusion of

direct review or the expiration of the time for seeking such review.” 28 U.S.C.

§ 2244(d)(1)(A). The district court found that Mr. Stewart’s conviction became

final—at the latest—on May 29, 2008. 

Mr. Stewart’s brief does not challenge this finality finding directly; he

instead appears to argue that the limitations period was tolled until May 14, 2015,

when the Colorado Supreme Court denied his original petition for a writ of habeas

corpus. Although a state court postconviction motion does toll the limitations

period, see 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2) (“The time during which a properly filed

application for State post-conviction or other collateral review with respect to the

pertinent judgment or claim is pending shall not be counted toward any period of

limitation under this subsection.”), we have explained that “[o]nly state petitions

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for post-conviction relief filed within the one year allowed by AEDPA will toll

the statute of limitations,” Clark v. Oklahoma, 468 F.3d 711, 714 (10th Cir.

2006). Here, even assuming, as the district court did, that the limitations period

was tolled for much of the remainder of 2008, and 2009, while Mr. Stewart

pursued his postconviction claims, there was a gap of at least four years between

2010 and 2014 during which he had no postconviction motion pending. Thus, the

limitations period certainly expired during that time period, and his later 2015

letter and application for habeas relief did not extend the tolling period. In sum,

we conclude that reasonable jurists would not find it debatable that Mr. Stewart’s

petition is barred by the one-year statute of limitations in 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1),

and we deny Mr. Stewart’s request for a COA on that basis. 

Additionally, we find that Mr. Stewart has not presented a nonfrivolous

argument for why the district court was incorrect in deeming his petition timebarred under § 2244(d)(1), and we accordingly deny his motion to proceed in

forma pauperis (“IFP”). See Clark, 468 F.3d at 713 (denying IFP status where

“the appeal was not taken in good faith . . . because [the petitioner’s] application

to appeal failed to give a reasoned nonfrivolous argument on the law and

supporting facts as to why the dismissal of his habeas petition was incorrect”).

III

Based on the foregoing, we DENY Mr. Stewart’s request for a COA and

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DENY his motion to proceed IFP. This matter is hereby DISMISSED. 

ENTERED FOR THE COURT

Jerome A. Holmes

Circuit Judge 

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