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- David Branson, RL
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- Former PMRU Scientists
- NPARL - Home
- Agricultural Systems Research Unit
- Pest Management Research Unit
- Agricultural Systems Unit Personnel
- Pest Management Unit Personnel
- NPARL Administration Personnel
- David Branson, RL
- Joshua Campbell
- John Gaskin
- Tatyana Rand
- Robert Srygley
- Natalie West
- Carissa Wonkka
- Former PMRU Scientists

Former PMRU Scientistsheadline bar **Please note:** This webpage has been established to keep relevant research information conducted by PMRU researchers now retired or deceased readily available for any and all interested persons. Below are the names of former PMRU scientists with links to publications and other resources from their research efforts.  Dr. John Gaskin Retired - Botanist | Molecular Biologist with PMRU's Biological Control of Weeds Research Program (2002-2022)  Dr. Stefan Jaronski Retired - Insect Pathologist with PMRU's Grasshopper and Mormon Cricket Research Program (2000-2018) Dr. Erin Espeland Deceased - Research Plant Ecologist with PMRU's Biological Control of Weeds Research Program (2008-2018)   Dr. John Gaskin - Botanist  The focus of Dr. Gaskin's research was the systematics and population structure of invasive plants, particularly whitetop or hoarycress (Lepidium draba, formerly Cardaria draba) and saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) Both of these invasives are present in Montana and throughout the western U.S. Saltcedar typically dominates riparian areas and whitetop is considered a pest plant in fields, rangelands and natural areas. The specific goals of this research are to find out which genotypes of these exotic plants are invading, where the genotypes originated from in Eurasia, which native and exotic species they are most closely related to, and where the invasive genotypes are distributed in the U.S. This information will be used to insure that all of the genetic diversity of these invasions will be present in tests of current and proposed biological control agents, and that all native plants closely related to the invasion will be included in host-specificity tests. Prior to joining the USDA-Agricultural Research Service in 2002, Dr. Gaskin's dissertation at Washington University in St. Louis focused on the phylogeography of invasive Tamarix. He has done revision work on South American Smilax, and molecular systematic work in the families Campanulaceae and Tamaricaceae.  **PUBLICATIONS** Gaskin, J.F., Goolsby, J., Bon, M., Calatayud, P., Cristofaro, M. 2022. Identifying the geographic origins of invasive Megathyrsus maximus in the United States using molecular data. Invasive Plant Science and Management.https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.7.
Harms, N.E., Cronin, J.T., Gaskin, J.F. 2021. Increased ploidy of Butomus umbellatus in introduced populations is not associated with higher phenotypic plasticity to N and P. AoBP (Annals of Botany PLANTS). 13(4). Article plab045.https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plab045.
Braman, C.A., Lambert, A.M., Ozsoy, Z.A., Hollstein, E., Sheehy, K., McKinnon, T., Moran, P.J., Gaskin, J.F., Goolsby, J., Dudley, T.L. 2021. Biology of an adventive population of the armored scale Rhizaspidiotus donacis, a biological control agent of Arundo donax in California. Insects. 12(7):588.https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12070588.
Rhodes, A.C., Plowes, R.M., Goolsby, J., Gaskin, J.F., Calatayud, P., Martins, D.J., Rutledge, J., Grahmann, E.D., Gilbert, L.E. 2021. The dilemma of Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus): a valued pasture grass and an emergent invasive species. Biological Invasions.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02607-3.
Atha, D., Levine, E., Gaskin, J.F., Castillo, C. 2021. First report of Mummenhoffia alliacea (Brassicaceae) for New York. Phytoneuron. 26:1-4.
Gaskin, J.F., Andreas, J., Grewell, B.J., Haefliger, P., Harms, N.E. 2021. Diversity and origins of Butomus umbellatus (flowering rush) invasion in North America. Aquatic Botany. 173:103400.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2021.103400.
Gaskin, J.F., Endriss, S.B., Fettig, C., Hufbauer, R., Norton, A., Sforza, R. 2021. One genotype dominates a facultatively outcrossing plant invasion. Biological Invasions.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02480-0.
Gaskin, J.F., Espeland, E., Johnson, C., Larson, D., Mangold, J., McGee, R.A., Milner, C., Paudel, S., Pearson, D.E., Perkins, L.B., Prosser, C.W., Runyon, J.B., Sing, S.E., Sylvain, Z.A., Symstad, A.J., Tekiela, D.R. 2021. Managing invasive plants on Great Plains grasslands: A discussion of current challenges. Rangeland Ecology and Management. 78:235-249.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2020.04.003.
Banerjee, A.K., Harms, N.E., Mukherjee, A., Gaskin, J.F. 2020. Niche dynamics and potential distribution of Butomus umbellatus under current and future climate scenarios in North America. Hydrobiologia.DOI: 10.1007/s10750-020-04205-1.
Gaskin, J.F., Coombs, E., Kelch, D., Keil, D., Porter, M., Susanna, A. 2020. A species of plumeless thistle, Carduus cinereus (Asteraceae), new to North America. Madrono. 66(4):142-147.DOI: 10.3120/0024-9637-66.4.142.
Swaminathan, P., Ohrtaman, M., Carinder, A., Deuja, A., Gaskin, J.F., Fennell, A., Clay, S. 2020. Water deficit transcriptomic responses differ in the invasive Tamarix chinensis and T. ramosissima established in the southern and northern United States. Plants. 9(1):86.DOI: 10.3390/plants9010086.
Gaskin, J.F., Andres, J.A., Bogdanowicz, S.M., Guilbault, K.R., Hufbauer, R.A., Schaffner, U., Weyl, P., Williams III, L.H. 2019. Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) genetic diversity in the western United States and implications for biological control. Invasive Plant Science and Management.DOI: 10.1017/inp.2019.16.
Harms, N., Shearer, J., Cronin, J., Gaskin, J.F. 2019. Geographic and genetic variation in susceptibility of Butomus umbellatus to foliar fungal pathogens. Biological Invasions.DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02109-3.
Lee, S., Park, H., Kim, B., Lee, J., Gaskin, J.F., Kim, Y. 2019. An unexpected genetic diversity pattern and a complex demographic history of a rare medicinal herb, Chinese asparagus (Asparagus cochinchinensis) in Korea. Nature Scientific Reports. 9:9757.
Rapo, C.B., Schaffner, U., Eigenbrode, S.D., Hinz, H.L., Price, W., Morra, M., Gaskin, J.F., Schwarzlaender, M. 2019. Feeding intensity of insect herbivores is associated more closely with key metabolite profiles than phylogenetic relatedness of their potential hosts. PeerJ. 7:e8203.DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8203.
Villar, J.L., Alonso, A.M., Juan, A., Gaskin, J.F., Crespo, M.B. 2019. Out of the Middle East: New phylogenetic insights in the genus Tamarix (Tamaricaceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution.DOI: 10.1111/jse.12478.
Gaskin, J.F., Shwarzlaender, M., Gibson, R., Simpson, H., Marshall, D.L., Gerber, E., Hinz, H. 2018. Geographic population structure in an outcrossing plant invasion after centuries of cultivation and recent founding events. AoB Plants. 10(2):ply020.DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply020.
Lee, S., Gaskin, J.F., Kim, Y. 2018. Molecular diagnosis for a Tamarix species from two reclaimed lands along the Yellow Sea in Korea inferred from genome wide SNP markers. Journal of Systematics and Evolution.DOI: 10.1111/jse.12432.
Gaskin, J.F., Littlefield, J.L. 2017. Invasive Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens) creates large patches almost entirely by rhizomic growth. Invasive Plant Science and Management.DOI: 10.1017/inp.2017.9.
Gaskin, J.F. 2016. The role of hybridization in facilitating tree invasion. Annals Of Botany. 9(1):plw079.DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw079.
Long, R., Bush, S.E., Grady, K.C., Smith, D., Potts, D.L., D’Antonio, C.M., Dudley, T.L., Fehlberg, S.D., Gaskin, J.F., Glenn, E.P., Hultine, K.R. 2017. Can local adaptation explain varying patterns of herbivory tolerance in a recently introduced woody plant in North America? Conservation Biology. 5(1):cox016.
Gaskin, J.F., Pokomy, M.L., Mangold, J.M. 2016. An unusual case of seed dispersal in an invasive aquatic; yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus). Biological Invasions. 18(7):2067-2075.DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1151-0.
Goolsby, J., Guerrero, F., Gaskin, J.F., Bendele, K.G., Azhahianambi, P., Amalin, D., Flores-Cruz, M., Kashefi, J., Smith, L., Saini, R.K., Racelis, A., Perez De Leon, A.A. 2016. Molecular comparison of cattle fever ticks from native and introduced ranges with insights into optimal search areas for classical biological control agents. Southwestern Entomologist. 41(3):595-604.
Mayonde, S.G., Cron, G.V., Gaskin, J.F., Byrne, M.J. 2016. Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) hybrids: most dominant invasive genotype in southern Africa. Biological Invasions.DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1249-4.
Brullo, C., Brullo, S., Gaskin, J.F., Giusso Del Galdo, G., Hrusa, G., Salmeri, C. 2015. A new species of Kali (Salsoloideae, Chenopodiaceae) from Sicily, supported by molecular analysis. Phytotaxa.DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.201.4.2. 21(4):256-277.
Mayonde, G., Cron, G.V., Gaskin, J.F., Byrne, M.J. 2015. Evidence of Tamarix hybrids in South Africa, as inferred by nuclear ITS and plastid trnS-trnG DNA sequences. South African Journal of Botany. 96:122-131. (PDF)
Caesar, A.J., Lartey, R.T., Caesar, T., Gaskin, J.F. 2014. First report of Rhizoctonia spp. causing a root rot of the invasive rangeland weed Lepidium draba in North America. Plant Disease Notes. 98(9):1278. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0300-PDN.
Caesar, T., Stevens, W.B., Sainju, U.M., Caesar, A.J., West, M.S., Gaskin, J.F. 2014. Soil-aggregating bacterial community as affected by irrigation, tillage, and cropping system in the Northern Great Plains. Soil Science. 179(1):11-20. (PDF)
Stohlgren, T., Szalanski, A., Gaskin, J.F., Young, N., West, A., Jamevich, C., Tripodi, A. 2014. From hybrid swarms to swarms of hybrids. Diversity and Distributions. 2(8):311-318. (PDF)
Villar, J.L., Alonso, M., Gaskin, J.F., Juan, A., Crespo, M.B. 2014. Proposal to conserve Tamarix ramosissima against T. pentandra Tamaricaceae). Taxon. 63(5):1140-1142. (PDF)
Williams, W., Friedman, J., Gaskin, J.F., Norton, A. 2014. Hybridization of an invasive shrub affects tolerance and resistance to defoliation by a biological control agent. Evolutionary Applications. 7(3):381-393. (PDF)
Bean, D., Kazmer, D.J., Gardner, K., Thompson, D., Reynolds, B., Keller, J.C., Gaskin, J.F. 2013. Molecular genetic and hybridization studies of Diorhabda spp. released for biological control of tamarix. Journal of Invasive Plant Science and Management. 6(1): 1-15. (PDF; 733 KB)
Caesar, T., Espeland, E.K., Caesar, A.J., Sainju, U.M., Lartey, R.T., Gaskin, J.F. 2013. Effects of agaricus lilaceps fairy rings on soil aggregation and microbialcommunity structure in relation to growth stimulation of western wheatgrass (pascopyrum smithii) in Eastern Montana rangeland. Microbial Ecology. 66(1): 120-131. (PDF)
Gaskin, J.F., Schwarzlaender, M., Grevstad, F., Haverhals, M., Bourchier, R., Miller, T. 2014. Extreme differences in population structure and genetic diversity for three invasive congeners: knotweeds in western North America. Biological Invasions. 16(10):2127-2136. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0652-y.  (PDF)
Gaskin, J.F., Schwartzlander, M., Hinz, H., Williams III, L.H., Gerber, E., Rector, B.G., Zhang, D. 2013. Genetic identity and diversity of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) in its native and invaded ranges. Journal of Invasive Plant Science and Management. 6(2):268-280. (PDF)
Gaskin, J.F., Schwarzlaender, M., Kinter, L., Smith, J., Novak, S. 2013. Propagule pressure, genetic structure, and geographic origins of Chondrilla juncea (Asteraceae): An apomictic invader on three continents. American Journal of Botany. 100(9):1871-1882. (PDF)
Rector, B.G., Ashley, M.C., Gaskin, J.F., Longland, W.S. 2013. Use of wheat SSRs to assess genetic diversity in medusahead (Taenintherum caput-medusae). Invasive Plant Science and Management. 6:352-361.
Gaskin, J.F. 2012. Tamaricaceae. In: Baldwin, B.G., Goldman, D.H., Keil, DJ, Patterson, R., Rosatti, T.J., Wilken, Dieter, D.H., editors. The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp. 1259-1261.
Gaskin, J. F., Adam S. Birken and David J. Cooper. 2012. Levels of novel hybridization in the saltcedar invasion compared over seven decades. Biological Invasions. 14(3): 693-699. (PDF; 315 KB)
Gaskin, J.F., Schwarzlaender, M., Williams, L., Gerber, E., Hinz, H. 2012. Minimal genetic diversity in the facultatively outcrossing perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) invasion. Biological Invasions. 14:1797-1807. (PDF; 406 KB)
Gaskin, J.F., Bon, M.C., Cock, M.J.W., Cristofaro, M., De Biase, A., De Clerck-Floate, R., Ellison, C.A., Hinz, H., Hufbauer, R., Julien, M., and Sforza, R. 2011. Applying molecular-based approaches to classical biological control of weeds. Biological Control. 58:1-21.  (PDF; 323 KB)
Szucs, M., Swarzlander, M., Gaskin, J.F. 2011. Reevaluating establishment and potential hybridization of different biotypes of the biological control agent Longitarsus jacobaeae using molecular tools. Biological Control. 58:44-52. (PDF; 539 KB)
Wheeler, G.S., Taylor, G.S., Gaskin, J.F., Purcell, M. 2011. Ecology and management of Australian pine (Casuarina spp.), an invader of coastal Florida, USA. Journal of Coastal Research. 27(3):485-492. (PDF; 324 KB)
Al-Shehbaz, I., Gaskin, J.F. 2010. Lepidium. In: Boufford, D., Freeman, C., Gandhi, K., Hill, M., Kiger, R., Poole, J., Schmidt, H., Shultz, L., Strother, J. and Zarucchi, J., editors. Flora of North America. New York, New York, Oxford University Press, Inc. Vol. 7. p. 570-595. (PDF; 4110 KB)
Caesar, T., Lenssen, A.W., Caesar, A.J., Sainju, U.M., Gaskin, J.F. 2010. Effects of tillage on microbial populations associated to soil aggregates under dryland spring wheat system. European Journal of Soil Biology. 46:119-127.  (PDF; 409 KB)
Shi, X. Wang, J.C. Zhang, D.Y. Gaskin, J.F. Pan, B.R. 2010. Pollination ecology of the rare desert species Eremosparton songoricum (Fabaceae). Australian Journal of Botany. 58(1): 35-41. (PDF; 559 KB)
Ayres, D., Ryan, F.J., Grotkopp, E., Bailey, J., and Gaskin, J. 2009. Tumbleweed (Salsola) species and speciation in California. Biological Invasions. 11:1175-1187. (PDF; 378 KB)
Gaskin, J.F. and D.J. Kazmer. 2009. Introgression between saltcedars (Tamarix chinensis and T. ramosissima) in the USA invasion. Biological Invasions. 11:1121-1130. (PDF; 511 KB)
Gaskin, J.F., Wheeler, G.S., Purcell, M., Taylor, G. 2009. Molecular evidence of hybridization in Florida's sheoak (Casuarina spp.) invasion. Molecular Ecology. 18(15):3216-3226. (PDF; 563 KB)
Shi, W., Pan, B., Gaskin, J.F., Kang, X. 2009. Morphological Variation and Chromosome Studies of Calligonum mongolicum and C. pumilum (Polygonaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany. 27(2):81-85. (PDF: 170 KB)
Caesar, T., Busscher, W.J., Novak, J.M., Gaskin, J.F., Kim, Y. 2008. Effects of Polyacrylamide and Organic Matter on Microbes associated to Soil Aggregation of Norfolk Loamy Sand. Applied Soil Ecology. 40:240-249. (PDF; 1238 KB)
Caesar, T., Caesar, A.J., Gaskin, J.F., Sainju, U.M., Stevens, W.B. 2008. Ecology and function of culturable microbes in soil aggregation. In: Tian-Xiao Liu, editor. Soil Ecology Research Developments. Hauppauge, NY:2007 Science Publishers, Inc. p. 121-138.
Friedman, J.M., J.E. Rolle, J.F. Gaskin, A.E. Pepper, and J.R. Manhart. 2008. Latitudinal variation in cold hardiness in introduced Tamarix and native Populus. Evolutionary Applications. 1:598-607. (PDF: 203 KB)
Hrusa, G.F. and J.F. Gaskin. 2008. The Salsola tragus Complex in California (Chenopodiaceae): Characterization and Status of Salsola australis and the Autochthonous Allopolyploid Salsola ryanii Sp. Nov. Madrono. 55:113-131. (PDF: 4295 KB)
Natale, E.S., J. Gaskin, S.M. Zalba, M. Ceballos and H.E. Reinoso. 2008. Especies del genero Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) invadiendo ambientes naturales y seminaturales en Argentina. Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot 43:1-9.
Ward, S.M., J.F. Gaskin, and L.M. Wilson. 2008. Ecological Genetics of Plant Invasion: What Do We Know? Invasive Plant Science and Management 1:98-109. (Invited Review in Inaugural Issue.) (PDF: 202 KB)
Caesar, T., Caesar, A.J., Gaskin, J.F., and Sainju, U.M., Busscher, W.J. 2007. Taxonomic diversity of predominant culturable bacteria associated with microaggregates from two different agroecosystems and their ability to aggregate soil in vitro. Applied Soil Ecology. 36(1):10-21. (PDF; 535 KB)
Gaskin, J.F. 2007. Tamaricaceae. In: Flora of China. Volume 13. University of California Press-Cooperative Extension. 13:58-69. (PDF; 143 KB)
Gaskin, J.F., and Wilson, L.M. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships among native and naturalized hieracium (asteraceae) in Canada and the United States based on plastid DNA sequences. Systematic Botany. 32(2):478-485. (PDF; 708 KB)
Sword, G.A., Senior, L., Gaskin, J.F., Joern, A. 2007. Double trouble for grasshopper molecular systematics: intra-individual heterogeneity of both mitochondrial 12S-valine- 16S and nuclear internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequences in Hesperotettix viridis (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Systematic Entomology. 32(3):420-428. (PDF; 239 KB)
Whitcraft, C.R., Talley, D.M., Crooks, J.A., Boland, J., and Gaskin, J.F. 2007. Invasion of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) in a southern California salt marsh. Biological Invasions. 9:875-879. (PDF; 168 KB)
Gaskin, J.F. 2006. Clonal structure of invasive hoary cress (Lepidium draba) infestations. Weed Science 54:428-434. (PDF; 197 KB)
Gaskin, J.F., Kazmer, D.J. 2006. Comparison of ornamental and invasive saltcedar in the USA northern Great Plains using chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence markers. Wetlands. 26(4):939-950. (PDF; 545 KB)
Gaskin, J.F., A.E. Pepper, and J.M. Manhart. 2006. Isolation and characterization of ten polymorphic microsatellites in saltcedars (Tamarixchinensis and T. ramosissima). Molecular Ecology Notes 6:1147-1149. (PDF; 74 KB)
Gaskin, J.F., Ryan, F.J., Hrusa, G.F. and Londo, J.P. 2006. Genotype diversity of Salsola tragus and potential origins of a previously unidentified invasive Salsola from California and Arizona. Madro?o 53:246-253.
Qiner, Y., Gaskin, J.F. 2006. Tamaricaeceae in Flora of China. Flora of China. 13:58-69. (PDF; 142 KB)
Zhang, D., Zhang, Y., Gaskin, J.F., and Chen, Z. 2006. Systematic position of Myrtama Ovcz. and Kinz. based on mophological and nr DNA ITS sequence evidence. Chinese Science Bulletin. 51:117-123. (PDF; 855 KB)
Bon, M-C, C. Hurard, J. Gaskin, and A-M Risterucci. 2005. Polymorphic microsatellite markers in polyploid Lepidium draba L. subsp. draba (Brassicaceae) and cross-species amplification in closely related taxa. Molecular Ecology Primer Notes 5:68-70. (PDF; 76 KB)
Gaskin, J.F. and P.E. Berry. 2005. Smilacaceae in Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, J.A.Steyermark, P.E. Berry, K. Yatskievych and B.K. Holst (eds.). Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. Pp. 184-193.
Gaskin, J.F. and P.B. Shafroth. 2005. Hybridization of Tamarix ramosissima and T. chinensis (saltcedars) with T. aphylla (athel) (family Tamaricaceae) in the southwestern USA determined from DNA sequence data. Madro?o 52:1-10.
Gaskin, J.F., D-Y. Zhang, and M-C. Bon. 2005. Invasion of Lepidium draba (Brassicaceae) in the western United States: distributions and origins of chloroplast DNA haplotypes. Molecular Ecology 14:2331-2341. (PDF; 339 KB)
Shulkina, T., J. Gaskin, and W. Eddie. 2003. Morphological studies toward an improved classification of Campanulaceae s. str. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 90:576-591.
Eddie, W.M.M.,T. Shulkina, J. Gaskin, R.C. Haberle, and R.K. Jansen. 2003. Phylogeny of Campanulaceae s. str. inferred from ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 90:554-575.
Schaal, B.A., J.F. Gaskin, and A.L. Caicedo. 2003. Phylogeography, haplotype trees, and invasive plant species. J. Heredity 94 (3):197-204.
Gaskin, J.F. 2003. Molecular systematics and the control of invasive plants: a case study ofTamarix (Tamaricaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 90:109-118.
Gaskin, J.F. and B.A. Schaal. 2003. Molecular phylogenetic investigation of invasive Tamarix in the U.S.A. Syst. Bot. 28(1):86-95. (PDF: 2134 KB)
Gaskin, J.F. and B.A. Schaal. 2002. HybridTamarix widespread in U.S. invasion and undetected in native Asian range. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:11256-11259.
Gaskin, J.F. 2002. Tamaricaceae in The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants V. K. Kubitzki and C. Bayer (eds). Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Pp. 363-368.    **Dr. Stefan Jaronski -****Research Insect Pathologist** At Sidney ARS, Dr. Jaronski’s research centered on biocontrol of grasshoppers on U.S. rangeland, as well as continuation of older research on management of soil dwelling insect pests of various crops, including sugar beets and corn. His grasshopper work evaluated new technologies and new insect pathogenic fungi for the microbial control of grasshoppers, in close collaboration with USDA APHIS CPHST. This research included identification of baits, and chemical synergists, as well as new, better fungi and other microorganisms, and taking such technologies from the lab bench to the field.  In the process, Dr. Jaronski created small scale solid substrate mass production systems based on his industrial experience which not only allowed Kg amounts of fungus spores for testing, but also provided technical advice about such technology worldwide. As a side project he studied the population genetics of *Beauveria bassiana* derived from grasshoppers using molecular techniques and comparing the molecular data with other phenotypical charactersitics of the more than 400 *Beauveria* isolates.  His soil insect-targeted research was directed toward developing a practical mycoinsecticide, based on discovery of *Metarhizium microsclerotia*, that can be transferred to industry for commercialization for use against soil pest insects (sugarbeet root maggot, cabbage maggot, corn rootworm). The sugarbeet research is within the larger context of a biologically based management system for both pests and pathogens, using microorganisms, cultural practices, resistant/tolerant hybrids, and induced systemic response. Dr. Jaronski had joined NPARL in March 2000 as an insect pathologist after a 17-year career in industry. After a Ph.D. program and two postdoctoral appointments concerning microbial control of mosquitoes, he did an abrupt left turn and (a) left the academic community for industry, (b) changed from medical entomology to agricultural pests. From 1983 to 1992, he worked at Abbott Laboratories as an insect pathologist, during which time his research involved commercial development of *Beauveria bassiana* and *Bacillus thuringiensis* for use against a wide variety of insects. In 1992 he switched to Mycotech Corp., Butte MT, a small, venture-capital biotech group commercializing *Beauveria*-based mycoinsecticides. There, Dr. Jaronski spent 8 years involved in all aspects of commercial development of the fungus - from the early basic research through field trials to generation of registration data, from basic mycology to formulation chemistry, from science to marketing. His last position prior to joining ARS was Manager of Biopesticide Research and Development for Mycotech.  **GENERAL PUBLICATIONS | NEWS ARTICLES** **Development of Grasshopper Biocontrol Agents a Lengthy Process**(PDF; 315KB)   *The Roundup (**www.esidney.com**) By Lois Kerr, June 2010, p. 17-18*  **NPARL Research Entomologist Stefan Jaronski and Biological Science Technician Julie Grace hosted a Solid Substrate Fermentation Workshop** for ARS scientists from related programs Feb. 16 - 18, 2005 at the Sidney ARS facility.  In addition to the workshop, Grace developed a short how-to manual illustrating the techniques discussed during the workshop.  Click here to download The Art of Fermentation. (PDF; 1.39 MB) **RELATED WEBPAGES | ARTICLES** Homing in on Hopper Hordes Grasshoppers: Their Biology, Identification and Management Microbes for Sugar Beet Maggots (PDF; 24 KB)  **SELECTED PUBLICATIONS**: Dakhel, W., Latchininsky, A., Jaronski, S. 2019. Efficacy of two entomopathogenic fungi, *Metarhizium brunneum*, strain F52 alone and combined with *Paranosema locustae* against the migratory grasshopper, *Melanoplus sanguinipes*, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Insects. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10040094.
Sharma, A., Jaronski, S., Reddy, G.V. 2019. Impact of granular carriers to improve the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against wireworms in spring wheat. Journal of Pest Science. 93/275-290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-019-01161-1.
Srygley R., Jaronski, S., 2019. Mormon cricket, *Anabrus simplex* Haldeman, 1852 (Tettigoniidae). In: Lecoq M., Zhang L., editors. Encyclopedia of Pest Orthoptera of the World. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press. p. 219-223.
Chen, X., Johnson, D., Stark, J., Kawchuk, L., Jaronski, S. 2018. Toxicity of biopesticide candidate *Metarhizium anisopliae* var anisopliae S54, neonicotinoid imidacloprid, neem extract (Azatin), and agricultural adjuvant R-11 on the crustacean *Ceriodaphnia dubia* Richard. Biopesticides International. 14(2):71-77.
Clifton, E.H., Jaronski, S., Coates, B.S., Hodgson, E.W., Gassmann, A.J. 2018. Effects of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi on soybean aphid and identification of Metarhizium isolates from agricultural fields. PLoS One. 13(3):e0194815. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194815.
Greco, E., Wright, M., Burgueño, J., Jaronski, S. 2018. Efficacy of *Beauveria Bassiana* applications on Coffee Berry Borer across an elevation gradient in Hawaii. Biocontrol Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2018.1493088.
Jaronski, S. 2018. Opportunities for microbial control of pulse crop pests. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 111(4):228-237. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/say011.
Portman, S.L., Jaronski, S., Weaver, D.K., Reddy, G.V. 2018. Advancing biological control of the wheat stem sawfly (*Cephus cinctus*) – new strategies in a 100 year struggle to manage a costly pest in the Northern Great Plains. Biological Control. 111(3):85-91. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/say002.
Srygley, R.B., Jaronski, S. 2018. Protein deficiency lowers resistance of Mormon crickets to the pathogenic fungus *Beauveria bassiana*. Journal of Insect Physiology. 105:40-45. doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.01.00.
Antwi, F.B., Shrestha, G., Reddy, G.V., Jaronski, S. 2017. Entomopathogens in conjunction with imidacloprid could be used to manage wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) on spring wheat. The Canadian Entomologist. 150:124–139. doi:10.4039/tce.2017.58.
Keysor, C.R., Fernandez, E.K., Rangel, D.N., Foster, R.N., Jech, L.E., Reuter, K.C., Black, L.R., Jaronski, S., Flake, D.D., Evans, E.W., Roberts, D.W. 2017. Laboratory bioassays and field-cage trials of *Metarhizium* spp. isolates with field-collected Mormon crickets (*Anabrus simplex*). Biocontrol. 62(2):257–268. doi:10.1007/s10526-016-9782-8.
Jaronski, S., Mascarin, G.M. 2016. Mass production of fungal entomopathogens. In: Lacey, L.A., editor. Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests from Theory to Practice. Yakima, WA: IP Consulting International. p. 141-155. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-803527-6.00009-3.
Mascarin, G., Jaronski, S. 2016. The production and uses of *Beauveria bassiana* as a microbial insecticide. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 32:177. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s11274-016-2131-3.
Clifton, E., Gassman, A., Hodgson, E., Jaronski, S. 2015. Abundance of soil-borne entomopathogenic fungi in organic and conventional fields in the Midwestern USA with an emphasis on the effect of herbicides and fungicides on fungal persistence. PLoS One. 10(7):e0133613. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133613.
Hoffmann, A.M., French, B.W., Jaronski, S., Gassmann, A.J. 2014. Effects of
entomopathogens on mortality of western corn rootworm and fitness costs of resistance to Cry3Bb1 maize. Journal of Economic Entomology. 107(1):352-360; DOI:10.1603/EC13247.
Reddy, G.P., Tangtrakulwanish, K., Wu, S., Miller, J.H., Ophus, V., Prewett, J.,
Jaronski, S. 2014. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the entomopathogens for the management of wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) on spring wheat. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 120:43-49. DOI 10.1016/j.jip.2014.05.005. (PDF)
Shaohui, W., Reddy, G.P., Jaronski, S. 2014. Advances in microbial insect control in horticultural ecosystems. In: Nandwani, D., editor, Sustainable Horticultural Systems: Sustainable Development and Biodiversity. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. 2:223-252.
Bitshadze, N., Jaronski, S., Khasdan, V., Abashidze, E., Abashidze, M., Latchininsky,
A., Samasdashvili, D., Sokhadze, I., Rippa, M., Ishaaya, I., Horowitz, R. 2013. Joint action of *Beauveria bassiana* and the insect growth regulators diflubenzuron and novaluron, on the migratory locust, *Locusta migratoria*. Journal of Pest Science. 86(2):293-300. DOI: 10.1007/s10340-012-0476-4. (PDF)
Jaronski, S. 2013. Mycosis inhibits cannibalism by *Melanoplus sanguinipes, M. differentialis, Schistocerca americana*, and *Anabrus simplex*. Journal of Insect Science. 13(122):1-9. (PDF)
Jaronski, S. 2013. Mass production of entomopathogenic fungi: state of the art. In: Morales-Ramos, J.A., Rjoas, M.G, Shaprio-Ilan, D.I., editors. Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms. USA: Academic Press. p. 357-415. (PDF; 2 MB) (Public Domain)
Meikle, W.G., Bon, M., Cook, S.C., Gracia, C.G., Jaronski, S. 2013. Two strains of *Pseudomonas fluorscens* bacteria differentially affect survivorship of waxworm (*Galleria mellonella*) larvae exposed to an arthropod fungal pathogen, *Beauveria bassiana*. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 23(2):220-233.
Petzold-Maxwell, J., Jaronski, S., Clifton, E.H., Dunbar, M.W., Jackson, M.A., Gassman, A.J. 2013. Interactions among Bt maize, entomopathogens, and rootworm species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the field: effects on survival, yield and root injury. Journal of Economic Entomology. 106(2): 622-632. (PDF)
Rudeen, M.L., Jaronski, S., Petzold-Maxwell, J.L., Gassman, A.J. 2013. Entomopathogenic fungi in cornfields and their potential to manage larval western corn rootworm *Diabrotica virgifera virgifera*. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 114(3):329-332. (PDF)
Boetel, M.A., Majumdar, A., Jaronski, S., Horsly, R.D. 2012. Cover crop and conidia delivery system impacts on soil persistence of *Metarhizium anisopliae* (Hypocreales:Clavicipitaceae) in sugarbeet. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 22(11): 1284-1304.
Jackson, M.A., Jaronski, S. 2012. Development of pilot-scale fermentation and stabilization processes for the production of microsclerotia of the entomopathogenic fungus *Metarhizium brunneun* strain F52. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 22(8):915-930.
Jaronski, S. 2012. Microbial Control of Invertebrate Pests-Chapter 7. In : Sundh, I., Wilcks, A., and Goettel, M.S. Beneficial Microorganisms in Agriculture, Food and the Environment: Safety Assessment and Regulation. Oxfordshire, United Kingdom: CAB International. p. 72-95.
Jaronski, S., Jackson, M.A. 2012. Mass production of entomopathogenic hypocreales. In: Lacey, L.A., editor. Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology. 2nd edition. New York, NY: Academic Press. p. 255-284.
Petzold-Maxwell, J.L., Jaronski, S., Gassman, A.J. 2012. Tritrophic interactions among Bt maize, an insect pest and entomopathogens: effects on development and survival of western corn rootworm. Annals of Applied Biology. 160(1): 43-55.
Cossentine, J., Jaronski, S., Thistlewood, H., Yee, W.L. 2011. Impact of *Metarhizium brunneum* (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) on pre-imaginal *Rhagoletis indifferens* (Diptera: Tephritidae) within and on the surface of orchard soil. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 21(2):1501-1505. (PDF; 204 KB)
Foster, N.R., Jaronski, S., Reuter, K.C., Black, L.R., Schlothauer, R.J., Harper, J.D. 2011. Simulated aerial sprays for field cage evaluation of *Beauveria bassiana* and *Metarhizium brunneum* (Ascomycetes: Hypocreales) against Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) in Montana. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 21(11):1331-1350. (PDF; 619 KB)
Cossentine, J., H. Thistlewood, M. Goettel and S.T. Jaronski. 2010. Susceptibility of preimaginal western cherry fruit fly, *Rhagoletis indifferens* (Diptera: Tephritidae) to *Beauveria bassiana* (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 104(2):105-109. (PDF; 153 KB)
Dunkel, F.V., S.T. Jaronski, S.U. Meiler, C.W. Sedlak, and K.D. La Veaux-Veo. 2010. Effects of steam-distilled shoot extract of Tagetes minuta (Asterales: Asteraceae) and entomopathogenic fungi on larval *Tetanops myopaeformis* (R?der). Environ. Entomol. 39(3): 979-988. (PDF; 128 KB)
Foster, N.R., Jaronski, S., Reuter, C.K., Black, L.R. 2010. Explaining mycoinsecticide activity: poor performance of spray and bait formulations of *Beauveria bassiana* and *Metarhizium brunneum* against Mormon cricket in field cage studies. Journal of Orthoptera Research. 19(2):303-313. (PDF; 961 KB)
Jackson, M.A., C. Dunlap and S.T. Jaronski. 2010. Ecological considerations in producing and formulating fungal entomopathogens for use in insect biocontrol. In, Ecology of Fungal Entomopathogens. (H.E. Roy, F. E. Vega, D. Chandler, M. Goettel, J.K. Pell, and E. Wajnberg, eds.) Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 129-146. (PDF; 451 KB)
Jaronski, S.T. 2010. Ecological Factors in the Inundative Use of Fungal Entomopathogens. BioControl. 55:159-185. (PDF; 760 KB)
Searle, K., N. Hobbs, and S. Jaronski. 2010. Asynchrony, fragmentation, and scale determine benefits of landscape heterogeneity to mobile herbivores. Oecologia. 163(3):815-824.  (PDF; 410 KB)
Srygley, R.B., and S. Jaronski. 2010. Immune response of Mormon crickets that survived infection by *Beauveria bassiana*. Psyche. Vol. 2011, 5 pp., Article ID 849038, DOI:10.1155/2011/849038. (PDF; 1218 KB)
Wraight, S.P., M.E. Ramos, P.B. Avery, S.T. Jaronski, and J.D. Vandenberg. 2010. Comparative virulence of *Beauveria bassiana* isolates against Lepidopteran pests of vegetable crops. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 103(3):186-199. (PDF; 239 KB)
de Crecy, E., S.T. Jaronski, B. Lyons, T. J. Lyons, and N. O. Keyhani. 2009. Directed evolution of a filamentous fungus to thermotolerance. BMC Biotechnology 2009, 9:74. doi:10.1186/1472-6750-9-74. (PDF; 567 KB)
Jackson, M.A. and S.T. Jaronski. 2009. Production of microsclerotia of the fungal entomopathogen *Metarhizium anisopliae* and their use as a biocontrol agent for soil-inhabiting insects. Mycol. Res., 113(8):842-850. (PDF; 388 KB)
Jaronski, S.T. and M.A. Jackson. 2009. Further Progress with Metarhizium microsclerotial production. "Insect Pathogens and Insect Parasitic Nematodes" (R-U Ehlers, N. Crickmore, J. Enkerli, I Glazer, M. Lopez-Ferber and C. Tkaczuk, eds. Bulletin IOBC/wprs 45:275-278.
Searle, K.R., N.T. Hobbs and S.T. Jaronski 2009. How does habitat fragmentation influence consumers feeding on pulsed resources? Oecologia 2010, pp.1-10.
Turnbow, J. H., K. O'Neill, and S. T. Jaronski. 2009. Thermal biology of the mormon cricket (*Anabrus simplex* Haldeman [Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae]): I. behavioral thermoregulation. Journal of Insect Science - Submitted and in revision.
Jaronski, S. 2008. Australian *Metarhizium anisopliae* var. *Acridum* strain FI985 vs*. Beauveria bassiana*Strain GHA - laboratory efficacy against North American acridids and anabrus simplex. Advances in Applied Acridology.
Jaronski, S.T. and M.A. Jackson. 2008. Efficacy of *Metarhizium anisopliae* microsclerotial granules. Biocont. Sci. Technol. 18(8):849-863. (PDF; 120 KB)
Jaronski, S.T. 2007. Soil Ecology of the Entomopathogenic Ascomycetes: A Critical Examination of What We (Think) We Know. In, Use of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Biological Pest Management (K. Maniana and S. Ekesi, eds.) Research SignPosts, Trivandrum India. Pp. 91-144.
Jaronski, S.T., C. Fuller-Schaeffer, K. Jung, M. Boetel and A. Majumdar. 2007. Challenges in using *Metarhizium anisopliae* for biocontrol of Sugarbeet Root Maggot, *Tetanops myopaeformis*. Working Group "Insect pathogens and Entomopathogenic Nematodes." J. Enkerli, ed. Bulletin IOBC/wprs. 30(7):119-124. (PDF: 32 KB) (Public Domain)
Kabaluk, T., M. Goettel, Jerry Ericsson, M. Erlandson, B. Vernon, S. Jaronski, K. Mackenzie, L. Cosgrove. 2007. Promise versus performance: Working toward the use of *Metarhizium anisopliae* as a biological control for wireworms. Working Group "Insect pathogens and Entomopathogenic Nematodes." J. Enkerli, ed. Bulletin IOBC/wprs 30(7): 69-76.
Majumdar, A., M. Boetel, and S. T. Jaronski. 2007. Discovery of *Fusarium solani* as a naturally occurring pathogen of Sugarbeet Root Maggot (Diptera: Ulidiidae) pupae: prevalence and baseline susceptibility. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 97(1):1-8. (PDF; 500 KB)
Tharp, C.I., S.L. Blodgett, and S.T. Jaronski. 2007. Control of Wireworms (Elateridae) in Potatoes with Microbial Metarhizium, 2006. Arthropod Management Tests 32:E43. https://academic.oup.com/amt/article/32/1/E43/187318
Campbell, L.G., Boetel, M., Jonason, N.B., Jaronski, S., Smith, L. 2006. Grower-Adoptable Formulations of the Entomopathogenic Fungus *Metarhizium anisopliae* (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) for Sugarbeet Root Maggot (Diptera: Ulidiidae) Management. Environmental Entomology. 35(4):986-991. (PDF; 93 KB)
Majumdar, A., Boetel, M., Jaronski, S., Dregseth, R.J., Schroeder, A.J. 2006. Cereal cover crops and a microbial insecticide for integrated control of sugarbeet root maggot. Sugarbeet Research and Extension Reports. 36:222-227. (PDF: 51 KB)
Bruck, D.J., Snelling, J., Dreves, A.J., Jaronski, S. 2005. Laboratory Bioassays of Entomopathogenic Fungi for Control of Delia Radicum (L.) Larvae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 89:179-183. (PDF; 197 KB)
Jaronski, S., Campbell Jr, J.E. 2005. Integration of a resistant sugarbeet variety with the insect pathogenic fungus *Metarhizium anisopliae* to manage the sugarbeet root maggot. Sugarbeet Research and Extension Reports. 36:185-189. (PDF; 54 KB) (Click here to open SBREB Report MS Word document)
Jaronski, S.T., Grace, J.A., Schlothauer, R. 2005. *Metarhizium anisopliae* for biocontrol of sugarbeet root maggot: constraints and challenges. Proceedings, 33rd Biennial Meeting, American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists. pp. 185-187. (PDF; 4017 KB)
Leland, J.E., Mcguire, M.R., Grace, J.A., Jaronski, S.T., Ulloa, M., Park, Y.H., and Plattner, R.D. 2005. Strain selection of a fungal entomopathogen, *Beauveria bassiana*, for control of plant bugs (Lygus spp.) (Heteroptera: Miridae). Biological Control. 35(2):104-114. (PDF; 409 KB) **Patents, Proceedings and Miscellaneous Publications:** Jaronski, S. 2017. Using insect pathogenic fungi to manage insect pests, where are we going? In: E. Tarasco, J.A. Jehle, M. Burjanadze, L. Ruiu, V. Puža, E. Quesada-Moraga, M. Lopez-Ferber, D. Stephan, editors. Proceedings of the 16th meeting “Is IPM ready for Microbial Control Agents?”, June 11-15, 2017, Tbilisi, Georgia. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin. 129:79-82.
Boetel, M.A., Jaronski, S., Campbell, L.G., Rikhus, J.J., Schroeder, A.J. 2015. Integrated control of sugarbeet root maggot by using resistant germplasm, an insect pathogen, and an insecticidal seed treatment. Sugarbeet Research and Extension Reports.
Jackson, M.A., Jaronski, S.T. 2014. Composition of entomopathogenic fungus and method of production and application for insect control. Patent Application. European Patent EP 2 200 445 B1.
Boetel, M., Schroeder, A.J., Dregseth, R.J., Jaronski, S. 2011. Alternative and integrated strategies for sugarbeet root maggot control. Sugarbeet Research and Extension Reports. 3 pgs.
Jaronski, S., Jackson, M.A., Dunlap, C.A., Meikle, W.G. 2010. Novel approaches in formulation of entomopathogenic fungi for control of insects in soil, foliar, and structural habitats: thinking outside the box and expecting the unexpected. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Colloquium on Invertebrate Pathology and Microbial Control. 43th Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology Conference , July 11-15, 2010, Trabzon, Turkey. 2010 CD-ROM. (PDF; 1003 KB)
Jaronski, S. 2007. Mycosis Inhibits Grasshopper Necrophagy. Entomological Society of America Miscellaneous Publications. Paper No. 31456. Available: https://esa.confex.com/esa/2007/techprogram/paper_31456.htm
Jaronski, S., Fuller Schaefer, C.A., Larson, B., Jacobsen, B.J. 2007. Effect of three bacterial disease-control agents on the entomopathogenic fungi, *Metarhizium anisopliae* and *Beauveria bassiana*. Proceedings, 34th Biennial Meeting American Society of Sugarbeet Technologists, February 28-March 3, 2007, Salt Lake City, Utah. p. 206-210. (PDF; 2947 KB)
Jaronski, S.T., Grace, J.A., and Schlothauer, R. 2005. *Metarhizium anisopliae* for Biocontrol of Sugarbeet Root Maggot: Constraints and Challenges. Proceedings, 33rd Biennial Meeting, American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists. p. 185-187.
Leland, J.E., Mcguire, M.R., and Jaronski, S. 2005. Field Evaluation of *Beauveria bassiana* Isolates for Control of Plant Bug (Lygus SPP.). National Cotton Council Beltwide Cotton Conference. **SELECTED PROCEEDINGS AND ABSTRACTS:** Jackson, M.A., Jaronski, S. 2009. Production of Microsclerotia of *Metarhizium anisopliae* Using Deep-Tank Liquid Fermentation [abstract]. Society for Invertebrate Pathology Annual Meeting. Abstract No. 114.
Wraight, S.P., Jaronski, S., Ramos, M., Griggs, M., Vandenberg, J.D. 2009. Statistical considerations in the analysis of data from replicated bioassays. Meeting Abstract. 42:82.
Jackson, M.A., Jaronski, S. 2008. Production of Microsclerotia of the Entomopathogenic Fungus *Metarhizium anisopliae* in Liquid Culture [abstract]. American Society for Microbiology. Abstract No. O-053.
Jackson, M.A., Schisler, D.A., Shearer, J.F., Jaronski, S. 2007. Liquid culture production of fungal microsclerotia for use in biological control [abstract]. XV Congress of European Mycologists, St. Petersburg, Russia. p. 191. ****   **Dr. Erin Espeland -****Research  (Plant) Ecologist** Dr. Espeland’s research with NPARL’s Pest Management Unit focused on establishment, genetic identity and evolutionary potential of restored native populations in the face of biological invasions. This research includes the role of competition on restoration success, the role of genetic identity and maternal effects on the establishment of restoration materials. Additional research was established to track whole-ecosystem recovery after weed removal and restoration; this includes bird, insect and plant populations as well as soil conditions. **Below is a list of projects Dr. Espeland participated in before joining the USDA:** Post-doctoral Scholar, Univ. of Nevada-Reno. Field and greenhouse research testing the heritable interrelationship of weeds and native species to the environment. Field testing suitability of a variety of restoration species and crops in Nevada agricultural practice. With Dr. Elizabeth Leger, Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Science. Doctoral Research, UC Davis. Field and greenhouse research testing the effects of density dependence and local productivity on natural selection and genetic drift in California annual plants. With Dr. Kevin J. Rice, Dept. of Plant Sciences. Research Assistant, UC Davis. Greenhouse research on adaptive potential of *Aegilops triuncialis*(goatgrass), comparing native-range and introduced populations' ability to adapt to serpentine soil. With Dr. Kevin J. Rice, Dept. of Plant Sciences. Plant Ecologist, BMP Ecosciences, San Francisco CA. Library and field research to develop reference document for use by the City of Santa Cruz to develop an adaptive management plan for the endangered species *Holocarpha macradenia*. With Dr. Bruce Pavlik, BMP Ecosciences. Research Fellow, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Demographic monitoring of rare plant populations: *Eschscholzia rhombipetala*, *Amsinckia grandiflora*, *Erodium macrophyllum*(alias *California macrophyllum*), and *Blepharizonia plumosa*. Design and conduct experiments on effects of burning and other manipulations on granivory, germination, survivorship, and long-term population viability of several plant species. With Dr. Tina M. Carlsen, Environmental Restoration Dept. Research Assistant, UC Davis. Isolate PCR primer to distinguish *Aegilops caudataand Ae. Umbellulata* from each other for the purpose of determining maternal parent of *Ae. Triuncialis*(goatgrass) in invasive populations. With Dr. John McKay, currently at Colorado State University. Masters Research, San Jose State University. Field and common garden experiments to determine interpopulation differences in *Eschscholzia californica*. Developed and optimized primers for conducting RAPD analysis of genetic differences among populations. With Dr. Rodney G. Myatt, Dept. of Biological Sciences. Research Assistant, Univ. of Western Ontario. Population restoration of *Cirsium pitcherii*, an endangered sand dune plant. Dr. M. Anwar Maun, Dept. of Biology (deceased). Environmental Technician, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Greenhouse research on effects of intraspecific competition and self-compatibility on *Amsinckia grandiflora*, a federally-listed endangered plant. Field research on ecophysiological effects of competitive environment on A. grandiflora. Dr. Tina M. Carlsen, Environmental Restoration Dept. Research Assistant, Mills College. Demography and population restoration of state-listed endangered plant *Acanthomintha duttonii*. Common garden experiment to determine if and congenerics are serpentinite endemics or tolerators. Dr. Bruce M. Pavlik, Dept. of Biology.  **PUBLICATIONS:** **Peer-Reviewed Publications:** Baughman, O.W., Agneray, A.C., Forister, M.L., Kilkenny, F.F., Espeland, E.K., Fiegener, R., Horning, M.E., Johnson, R.C., Kaye, T.N., Ott, J.E., St. Clair, J.B., Leger, E.A. 2019. Strong patterns of intraspecific variation and local adaptation in Great Basin plants revealed through a review of 75 years of experiments. Royal Society Open Science. 9:6259–6275. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5200.
Espeland, E.K., Schreeg, L., Porensky, L.M. 2019. Managing risks related to climate variability in rangeland-based livestock production: What producer driven strategies are shared and prevalent across diverse dryland geographies?. Journal of Environmental Management. 255:109889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109889.
Espeland, E.K., Sylvain, Z.A. 2019. Range size, local abundance and effect inform species descriptions at scales relevant for local conservation practice. Biodiversity and Conservation Journal. 28(4):909-920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01701-2.
Sylvain, Z.A., Branson, D.H., Rand, T.A., West, N.M., Espeland, E.K. 2019. Decoupled recovery of ecological communities after reclamation. PeerJ. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7038.
Sylvain, Z.A., Espeland, E.K., Rand, T.A., West, N.M., Branson, D.H. 2019. Oilfield reclamation recovers productivity but not composition of arthropod herbivores and predators. Environmental Entomology. 48(2):299-308. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz012.
Espeland, E.K. 2018. Disarming the Red Queen: plant invasions, novel weapons, species coexistence, and microevolution. New Phytologist. 218(1):12-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15060.
Espeland, E.K., Johnson, R.C., Horning, M.E. 2018. Plasticity in native perennial grass populations: Implications for restoration. Evolutionary Applications. 11(3):340–349. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12560.
Espeland, E.K., Kettenring, K. 2018. Strategic plant choices can alleviate climate change impacts: a review. Journal of Environmental Management. 222:316-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.042.
Carlsen, T.M., Espeland, E.K., Paterson, L.E., Macqueen, D.H. 2017. Optimal prescribed burn frequency to manage foundation California perennial grass species and enhance native flora. Biodiversity and Conservation Journal. 26(11):2627–2656. doi:10.1007/s10531-017-1376-y. http://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/5807612.
Espeland, E.K., N.C. Emery, K. Mercer, S.A. Woolbright, K. Kettenring, P. Gepts, and J.R. Etterson. 2017. Evolution of plant materials for ecological restoration: insights from the applied and basic literature. Journal of Applied Ecology. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12739
Espeland, E.K., Hendrickson, J.R., Toledo, D.N., West, N.M., Rand, T.A. 2017. Soils Determine Early Revegetation Establishment with and without Cover Crops in Northern Mixed Grass Prairie after Energy Development. Ecological Restoration. 35(4):311-319. doi: 10.3368/er.35.4.311.
Espeland, E.K., Muscha, J.M., Scianna, J., Kilian, R., West, N.M., and M.K. Petersen. 2017. Secondary Invasion and Reinvasion after Russian-Olive Removal and Revegetation. *Invasive Plant Science and Management,*1-10. doi:10.1017/inp.2017.36
Gomola, C.E., J.K. McKay, and E.K. Espeland. 2017*.*Genetic lineages of the invasive *Aegilops* *triuncialis* differ in competitive response to neighboring grassland species. Biological Invasions. doi: 10.1007/s10530-016-1366-0
Espeland, E.K., J. Mangold, and N.M. West. 2016*.*Spatial variation in seed bank dynamics of annual bromes in the northern Great Plains. The Prairie Naturalist 48: 96–101.
Gibson, A.L., E.K. Espeland, V. Wagner, and C.R. Nelson. 2016*.*Can local adaptation research in plants inform selection of native plant materials? An analysis of experimental methodologies. Evolutionary Applications. doi:10.1111/eva.12379
Nevill, P.G., S. Tomlinson, C.P. Elliott, E.K. Espeland, K.D. Dixon, and D.J. Merritt. 2016. Seed production areas for the global restoration challenge. Evolution and Ecology. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2455
Rinella, M. J., E.K. Espeland, and B.J. Moffatt. 2016. Studying long-term, large-scale grassland restoration outcomes to improve seeding methods and reveal knowledge gaps. Journal of Applied Ecology. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12722
Schantz, M.C. and E.K. Espeland. 2016. Germination timing and rate of locally collected western wheatgrass and smooth brome grass: The role of collection site and light sensitivity along a riparian corridor. Native Plant Journal. 17(1):28-37.
Espeland, E.K., L. Perkins, R.C. Johnson, M. Horning. 2015. Seed source may determine field-specific germination and emergence: the source by planting environment interaction. Crop Science 56: 249-258. DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2015.05.0318
Espeland, E.K. and R. Kilian. 2015. Low dose glyphosate does not control annual bromes in the northern Great Plains. Invasive Plant Science and Management 8: 334-340. (PDF)
Espeland, E.K. and L. Richardson. 2015. The role of competition and seed production environment on the success of two perennial grass species in a roadside restoration. Ecological Restoration 33: 282-288. (PDF)
Espeland, E.K. 2015. Inter- and intra- specific interactions in germination and seedling establishment of cheatgrass and Russian wildrye and cheatgrass. The Prairie Naturalist 47: 4-12. (PDF)
Johnson, R.C., M.E. Horning, E.K. Espeland, and K. Vance-Borland.  2015. Relating adaptive genetic traits to climate for Sandberg bluegrass from the intermountain western United States. Evolutionary Applications 8:172-184. DOI: 10.1111/eva.12240
Perkins, L.B., G. Hatfield, and E.K. Espeland. 2015. Invasive grasses consistently create similar plant-soil feedback types in soils collected from geographically distant locations. Journal of Plant Ecology 9(2):180-186. doi:10.1093/jpe/rtv040.
Emam, T., Espeland, E.K., Rinella, M.J. 2014. Soil sterilization alters interactions between the native grass *Bouteloua gracilis* and invasive *Bromus tectorum*. Journal of Arid Environments. 111:91-97. DOI:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.08.006. (PDF)
Espeland, E.K. 2014. Choosing a reclamation seed mix to maintain rangelands during energy development in the Bakken Rangelands. Rangelands. 36(1):25-28. (PDF)
Fonseca, C., Espeland, E.K., Baxter, J. 2014. Patterns of population differentiation in early traits of development in *Elymus glaucus*: Implications for restoration. Ecological Restoration. 32(4):388-395. (PDF)
Grewell, B.J., Espeland, E.K., Fiedler, P.L. 2013. Sea change under climate change: case studies in rare plant conservation from the dynamic San Francisco Estuary. Botany. 91:309-318.
Caesar, T., Espeland, E.K., Caesar, A.J., Sainju, U.M., Lartey, R.T., Gaskin, J.F. 2013. Effects of agaricus lilaceps fairy rings on soil aggregation and microbial community structure in relation to growth stimulation of western wheatgrass (*Pascopyrum smithii*) in Eastern Montana rangeland. Microbial Ecology. 66(1): 120-131. (PDF)
Espeland, E.K. 2013. A colonizing species has high fitness on soils with an exotic species legacy when conditioning effects are mitigated. Ecological Restoration. 31(2):195-200. (PDF)
Espeland, E.K. 2013. Predicting the dynamics of local adaptation in invasive species. Journal of Arid Land. 5(3): 268-274. (PDF)
Espeland, E.K., Hammond, D.H. 2013. Maternal effects on growth and competitive ability in a commonly used restoration species. Ecological Applications. 14(3):231-242. (PDF)
Porensky, L.M., Davison, J., Leger, E.A., Miller, W.W., Goergen, E.M., Espeland, E.K., Carroll-Moore, E. 2014. Grasses for biofuels: A low water-use alternative for cold desert agriculture? Biomass and Bioenergy. 66:133-142. (PDF)
Porensky, L.M., Leger, E.A., Davison, J., Miller, W.W., Goergen, E.M., Espeland, E.K., Moore, E.C. 2014. Arid oil-field restoration: native perennial grasses suppress weeds and erosion, but also suppress native shrubs. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 184:135-144. (PDF)
Espeland, E.K. 2013. Three California annual forbs show little response to neighbor removal. Journal of Arid Environments. 88: 121-124. (PDF; 200 KB)
Espeland, E.K., Perkins, L.B. 2013. Annual cover crops do not inhibit early growth of perennial grasses on a disturbed restoration soil in the Northern Great Plains, USA. Restoration Ecology. 31(1): 69-78. (PDF; 167 KB)
Espeland, E.K., Rice, K.J. 2012. Within- and trans-generational plasticity affects the opportunity for selection in barbed goatgrass (*Aegilops Triuncialis*). American Journal of Botany. 99(12): 1-5. (PDF; 562 KB)
Kulpa, S., Leger, E., Espeland, E.K., Goergen, E. 2012. Postfire seeding and plant community recovery in the Great Basin. Rangeland Ecology and Management. 65(2): 171-181. (PDF; 613 KB)
Rinella, M.J., Mangold, J.M., Espeland, E.K., Sheley, R.L., Jacobs, J. 2012. Long-term population dynamics of seeded plants in invaded grasslands. Ecological Applications 22(4):1320-1329. (PDF; 352 KB)
Espeland, Erin K. 2011. Russian wild rye inhibits cheatgrass emergence on some soil types. Rangeland Ecology and Management. Rangeland Ecology.
Espeland, Erin K. and Elizabeth A. Leger. 2011. The effect of Mycorrhizal fungi on effective population size in annual plants. American Journal of Botany.
Goergen, E., Leger, E., Espeland, E.K. 2011. Native perennial grasses show evolutionary response to *Bromus tectorum* (Cheatgrass) invasion. PLoS One. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018145.
Meimberg Harald, Neil F. Milan, Maria Karatassiou, Erin K. Espeland, John K. Mckay, and Kevin J. Rice. 2011. Patterns of introduction and adaptation during the invasion of *Aegilops truncialis* (Poaceae) into Californian serpentine soils. Molecular Ecology.  19(23): 5308-5319. (PDF: 317 KB)
Espeland, Erin K. and Taraneh K. Emam. 2011. The value of structuring rarity: the seven types and links to reproductive ecology. Biodiversity and Conservation Journal. 20(5): 963-985. (PDF; 317 KB)
Dyer, A.R., Brown, C., Espeland, E.K., Mckay, J.M., Meimberg, H., Rice, K.J. 2010. The role of adaptive trans-generational plasticity in biological invasions of plants. The role of trans-generational plasticity in biological invasions of plants. Evolutionary Applications. 3(2):179-192. (PDF; 417 KB)
Espeland, E.K., O'Farrell, M.R. 2010. Small Variance in Growth Rate in Annual Plants has Large Effects on Genetic Drift. American Journal of Botany. 97(8): 1407-1411. (PDF; 584 KB)
Espeland, E.K., Perkins, L.B., Leger, E.A. 2010. Comparison of seed bank estimation techniques using six weed species in two soil types. Rangeland Ecology & Management. 63(2): 243-247. (PDF; 151 KB)
Espeland, E.K., Rice, K.J. 2010. Ecological effects on estimates of effective population size in an annual plant. Biological Conservation. 143(4): 946-951. (PDF; 378 KB)
Leger, E.A., Espeland, E.K. 2010. Coevolution between native and invasive plant competitors: implications for invasive species management. Evolutionary Applications. 3: 169-178. (PDF; 131 KB)
Leger, E.A., Espeland, E.K. 2010. The shifting balance of facilitation and competition affects the outcome of intra- and interspecific interactions over the life history of California grassland annuals. Plant Ecology. 208:333-345. (PDF; 421 KB)
Marsico, T.D., Burt, J.W., Espeland, E.K., Gilchrist, G., Jamieson, M.A., Lindstrom, L., Roderick, G., Swope, S., Szucs, M., Tsutsui, N. 2010. Underutilized Resources for Studying the Evolution of Invasive Species During Their Introduction, Establishment, and Lag Phases. Evolutionary Applications. 3(2):203-219. (PDF; 145 KB)
Leger Elizabeth A., Erin K. Espeland, Keith R. Merrill and Susan E. Meyer. 2009. Genetic variation and local adaptation at a cheatgrass (*Bromus tectorum*) invasion edge in western Nevada. Molecular Ecology. 18(21): 4366-4379. (PDF; 336 KB)
Espeland, E.K. and K.J. Rice. (2007). Facilitation across stress gradients: the importance of local adaptation. Ecology 88: 2404-2409. (PDF; 138KB)
Batten, K.M., K.M. Scow, and E.K. Espeland. 2007. Soil microbial community associated with an invasive grass differentially impacts native plant performance. Microbial Ecology (PDF; 204 KB)
Espeland, E.K., T.M. Carlsen and D. MacQueen. 2005. Fire and dynamics of granivory on a rare grassland forb. Biodiversity and Conservation 14: 267-280. (PDF; 180 KB)
Espeland, E.K. and T.M. Carlsen. 2003. Population characteristics of *Eschscholzia rhombipetala* (Papaveraceae). Madro?o 50: 1-7.
Carlsen, T.M., E.K. Espeland and B.M. Pavlik. 2002. Reproductive ecology and the persistence of an endangered plant. Biodiversity and Conservation 11: 1247-1268. (PDF; 863 KB)
Gregory, S.D., E.K. Espeland, T.M. Carlsen, and E.K. Bissell. 2001. Demography and population biology of a rare tarplant, *Blepharizonia plumosa* (Asteraceae) a California summer annual forb. Madro?o 48: 272-285.
Espeland, E.K. and R.G. Myatt. 2001. Evidence for a sand hills ecotype in *Eschscholzia californica*. Madro?o 48: 25-32.
Pavlik, B.M. and E.K. Espeland. 1998. Demography of natural and introduced populations of *Acanthomintha duttonii*, an endangered serpentinite annual in Northern California. Madro?o 45: 31-39. **Other Publications:** Espeland, E.K., Petersen, M.K., Muscha, J.M., Scianna, J., Kilian, R. 2016. Revegetation after Russian-olive (*Elaeagnus angustifolia*) removal along the Yellowstone River: a cost and 2-year success assessment. In: Schwarzländer, M., and J.H. Gaskin, Eds. 2014 Proceedings of the 3rd Northern Rockies Invasive Plants Council Conference, February 10-13, 2014. Airway Heights, WA. p. 13-22. (PDF; 453 KB)
Rice, K.J. and E.K. Espeland. 2007. Genes on the range: population genetics. In: Ecology and Restoration of California Grasslands. C. D'Antonio, M. Stromberg, and J. Corbin [eds.] UC Press, Berkeley CA.
Pfeiffer, J. and E. Espeland. 2003. Book Review: Egan, D., and E. A. Howell, editors. 2001. The historical ecology handbook: a restorationist's guide to reference ecosystems. Island Press, Washington, D. C., USA. Conservation Ecology 7: 11. **Invited Talks:** Espeland, E.K. 2015. New ecology research in the Bakken: using reclamation to improve agricultural production. Pipeline Reclamation Workshop, Northern Plains Agricultural Laboratory, Sidney MT USA
Espeland, E.K. 2015. Weed response to a ranch water pipeline installed near Trotters ND. Glendive Agri-Trade Exposition, Glendive MT USA.
Espeland, E.K. 2014. How do we rebuild ecosystems? Challenges and opportunities in the Williston Basin. Department of Range Science Seminar, North Dakota State University, Fargo ND USA
Espeland, E.K. 2014. The process of natural selection in restoration plant materials. Department of Natural Resources seminar, South Dakota State University, Brookings SD USA
Espeland, E.K. 2014. Restoration and pipelines. Ft Keogh Customer Focus Group, Miles City MT USA
Espeland, E.K. 2014. Pipelines: weeds and grazing. Carter County, Powder River County and Tri-County range health and weed tours, Eastern MT USA
Espeland, E.K. 2014. Russian Olive removal and restoration: success and costs. Northern Plains Agricultural Laboratory Froid Farm Field Day, Froid MT USA
Espeland, E.K. 2014. Restoration after Russian olive eradication. Montana State University County Extension Agent Tour of USDA-ARS LARRL, Miles City MT USA
Espeland, E.K. 2014. What can we learn about restoration by studying natural selection? Understanding how harvesting and propagation can alter plant materials. Region 6 Botany/Invasives/Native Plants Meeting, USFS Deschutes National Forest, Bend OR USA
Espeland, E.K., M. Petersen, J. Muscha, R. Kilian, and J. Scianna. 2014. Soils and vegetation change after Russian olive removal in Montana. Tamarisk Coalition Annual Meeting, Grand Junction CO USA.
Espeland, E.K. 2014. Competition and facilitation among plants in restoration of disturbed lands. Northern Rockies Invasive Plant Council, Spokane WA USA
Espeland, E.K., M. Petersen, J. Muscha, R. Kilian, and J. Scianna. 2014. Tracking ecosystem recovery after Russian olive removal - lessons learned and moving forward. Russian Olive Symposium, Spokane WA USA
Espeland, E.K., K. Delaney, T. Rand. 2013. Using ecology to estimate potential persistence of Russian olive biological control. Montana State Weed Biocontrol Meeting, Bozeman MT
Espeland, E.K. 2013. Overview of restoration research projects in the Northern Great Plains USA. Scientist Seminar, Kings Park Botanic Garden Perth WA Australia
Espeland, E.K., M. Horning, L. Perkins, and R.C. Johnson. 2013. Effects of production farm on germination and emergence of three perennial grass restoration species. ComBio2013 Perth WA Australia
Espeland, E.K. 2013. Restoration using annual cover crops allows for continuous grazing and does not inhibit establishment of perennial grasses. Ft Keogh Customer Focus Group, Miles City MT USA
Espeland, E.K. 2013. Influence on production garden on seeds for revegetation. Department seminar: Dept. of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins CO USA
Espeland, E.K. 2013. An overview of the pipeline construction and reclamation process with an emphasis on weeds and grazing. NPARL Field Days, Froid MT and Sidney MT USA
Espeland, E.K. 2013. Reclamation planning, weed management and grazing. Pipeline Workshop, Montana State University Extension, Ekalaka MT USA
Espeland, E.K. and L.B. Perkins. 2013. Soil type limits the invasive potential of some weeds. UC Davis Weeders Group. May 13, Davis CA USA
Espeland, E.K. 2013. Reclamation after Russian olive removal and pipelines. Montana Weed Control Association Annual Meeting, Miles City MT USA
Espeland, E.K. 2013. Weed management and grazing after planting. Pipeline Reclamation Workshop, Northern Plains Agricultural Laboratory, Sidney MT USA
Espeland, E.K. 2013. Effect of cover crops on perennial grass seedings. Reclamation - Bringing Ideas Together Workshop, Dickinson State University, Dickinson ND USA
Espeland, E.K. 2013. Habitat factors influence evolutionary potential: applications to invasion and conservation. Ecology and Evolutionary and Organismal Biology Department Seminar Series, Iowa State University, Ames IA USA
Espeland, E.K. 2012. Restoration for persistence: using what we know about interactions among plants and soils to successfully restore disturbed sites and to preserve evolutionary processes within plant populations. Biology Department Seminar Series, Boise State University, Boise ID USA
Espeland, E. K. 2012. Environmental stress and maternal effects on effective population size. Ecosummit 2012, Columbus OH USA
Leger, E.A., E.M. Goergen, and E.K. Espeland. 2012. What can natural selection tell us about restoration? Finding the best seed sources in disturbed systems. Society for Ecological Restoration Europe, Budweis Czech Republic
Espeland, E.K. 2012. Habitat factors influence evolutionary potential in invasive plant species. International Symposium on Invasive Plant Species and Global Climate Change, Urumqi, China
Grewell, B.J. and E.K. Espeland. 2012. Plant reintroduction in changing environments: the case of endangered *Cloropyron molle* (Orobanchaeceae) in weed-invaded estuarine wetlands. Botanical Society of America, Columbus OH USA
Espeland, E. K. 2012. Harnessing evolutionary processes to maximize plant materials performance. Ft. Keogh on the Road, Public seminar, Sweetgrass County Extension, Big Timber MT USA
Espeland, E.K. 2011. Using plant materials management to maximize restoration success: state of the science and emerging research. Public seminar, MPG Ranch, Missoula MT USA
Espeland, E.K. 2011. Maternal effects on evolutionary rates and plant persistence. Western Association of Forest Genetics, Troutdale OR USA
Espeland, E.K. 2011. Restoration seedings work in the long term to reduce weed densities. Department of Weed Science seminar, North Dakota State University, Fargo ND USA
Espeland, E.K. 2011. Maternal effects in *Poa secunda*: harnessing plasticity for maximum success. Intermountain Native Plant Summit, Boise ID USA
Espeland, E.K. 2011. Maternal effects and their effects on evolution: applications for invasion ecology and native plant restoration. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth MN USA
Espeland, E.K. 2010. Transgenerational plasticity and evolutionary processes: implications for invasive species management. Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University. Jonesboro AR USA
Espeland, E.K., E.M. Goergen, E.A. Leger. 2010. Coevolution between invasive species and native perennial grasses: implications for restoration. Invasive Species in Natural Areas Conference. Coeur D'Alene ID USA
Espeland, E.K. 2010. Maternal effects as tools for use in restoration. National Native Seed Conference. Snowbird UT USA
Espeland, E.K. 2010. The role of transgenerational plasticity in range expansion in plants. Forage and Range Research Laboratory, Logan, UT USA
Espeland, E.K. 2010. Maternal effects and range expansion of weeds. Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Fargo ND USA
Espeland, E.K. 2009. Evolutionary processes in restoration populations: the implications of environmental heterogeneity on adaptive capacity. Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins CO USA
Espeland, E.K. 2009. Creating restoration populations capable of evolution: the implications of positive plant-plant interactions and stress. Department of Forestry and Conservation. University of Montana, Missoula MT USA
Espeland, E.K. 2009. When the Darwinian struggle for existence is more like a cakewalk: how mild conditions and helpful neighbors influence the evolution of plants.  McLaughlin Reserve, University of California Natural Reserve System, Lower Lake, CA USA
Espeland, E.K. 2009.  Incorporating evolutionary processes into restoration practice.  Stakeholders meeting.  Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, Mandan, ND USA
Espeland, E.K. and E.A. Leger. 2009.  Survivorship and plant-plant interactions: effects on population evolutionary potential.  California Native Plant Society Conservation Conference, Sacramento, CA USA
Espeland, E.K. 2008.  Preventing weed expansion and encouraging the proliferation of native species: the power of evolutionary processes.  NPARL focus group meeting, Sidney MT USA
Espeland, E.K. 2008. Seedling facilitation: ecology and evolution. Dept. of Plant Science, University of California, Davis USA
Espeland, E.K. 2007.  Ranking the effects of competition, facilitation and abiotic stress on evolution in plant populations.  Dept. of Ecology and Evolution, University of Nevada, Reno, USA **Contributed Papers:** Espeland, E., Petersen, M., Muscha, J., Sciana, J., and Kilian, R. 2016. Revegetation after Russian-olive (*Elaeagnus angustifolia*) Removal along the Yellowstone River: a cost and 2-year success assessment. 2014 Proceedings of the 3rd Northern Rockies Invasive Plants Council Conference. February 10-13, 2014, Airway Heights, Washington. FHTET-2016-03. p. 13-22. (PDF;773 KB)
Espeland, E.K., L. Perkins, M. Horning, R.C. Johnson. 2015. The effect of seed production farms: intra-cultivar differences in performance depend on storage and planting environments. National Native Seed Conference. Santa Fe, NM.
Hybner, R., and E.K. Espeland. 2015. Effect of Russian olive seed burial depth on emergence and viability. Western Society of Weed Science Annual Meeting, Portland, OR.
Johnson, R. C., E. K. Espeland, M. E. Horning, and K. Vance-Borland. 2014. Genecology and seed zone research for native forbs and grasses of the interior West. Society for Ecological Restoration: Northwest & Great Basin Chapters. Redmond, OR.
Porensky, L. M., J. Davison, W. W. Miller, E. M. Goergen, E.K. Espeland, E. C. Moore, E. A. Leger. 2013. A mixed blessing for restoration in arid shrublands: native perennial grasses reduce erosion, weeds, and also native shrubs. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN.
Fonseca, C., J. Baxter, E. Espeland. 2013. Patterns of population divergence in early traits of development in *Elymus glaucus*. California Botanical Society Annual Meeting, Berkeley, CA.
Espeland, E.K., D. Hammond, M. Horning, R.C. Johnson. 2013. Effects of production garden on plant performance. National Native Seed Conference, Albuquerque, NM.
Porensky, L. M., J. Davison, W. W. Miller, E. M. Goergen, E. K. Espeland, E. M. Carroll, E. A. Leger. 2013. Overcoming restoration barriers in arid shrublands: using short-term irrigation and non-local grasses to facilitate shrub establishment. National Native Seed Conference, Albuquerque, NM.
Espeland, E.K., K. Delaney, J. Muscha, J. Scianna, R. Hybner, R. Kilian, M. Petersen. 2013. Tracking ecosystem recovery in response to invasive tree removal and restoration. River Management Society/Tamarisk Coalition meeting, Grand Junction, CO.
Leger, E., E. Goergen, E. Espeland, and L. Porensky. 2012. Finding the best native seed sources for restoration in disturbed systems. Fifth International Fire Ecology and Management Congress, Portland, OR.
Espeland, E. K., M. Petersen, J. Muscha. 2012. Multi-trophic effects of Russian olive removal and restoration: getting information from weed eradication. Society for Range Management Annual meeting, Spokane, WA, USA.
Delaney, K., E. Espeland, A. Norton, S. Sing, K. Keever, J. L. Baker, M. Cristofaro, R. Jashenko, J. Gaskin, and U. Schaffner. 2011. Russian olive - a suitable target for classical biological control in North America? XIII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, Waikoloa, HI.
Mangold, J., M. Rinella, E. Espeland, J. Jacobs, and R. Sheley. 2011. Rangeland Revegetation Revisited:  Are short-term trends indicative of long-term outcomes? Western Section Weed Science Association Annual Meeting, Honolulu, HI.
Caesar, T., E. Espeland, and A. Caesar. 2011. The effect of fairy rings on soil aggregation and rangeland grasses. Society for Range Management Annual meeting, Billings, MT.
Espeland, E.K., M.E. Horning, M.J. Cashman, and R.C. Johnson. 2010. Maternal effects on traits affecting competitive ability in *Poa secunda*.  Society for the Study of Evolution Annual meeting, Portland, OR.
Espeland, E.K., E.A. Leger, and M. West. 2009.  Mechanisms of plant-plant facilitation in survivorship.  Ecological Society of America Annual meeting, Albuquerque, NM.
Leger, E.A., E.K. Espeland, S.E. Meyer, and K.R. Merrill. 2009. Genetic variation and local adaptation at an invasion edge of cheatgrass (*Bromus tectorum*). Ecological Society of America Annual meeting, Albuquerque, NM.
Espeland, E.K. and E.A. Leger.  2009.  Density and diversity of perennial grasses do not affect cheatgrass establishment and growth.  Weed Science Society, Western Section Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, NM.
Espeland, E.K. 2009.  Preserving evolutionary potential of restored populations.  Society for Range Management Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, NM.
Espeland, E.K. 2006. Evolutionary outcomes of plant-plant interactions in an annual plant. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Memphis, TN.
Espeland, E.K. and M.R. O'Farrell. 2006. Common size distributions in populations of annual plants and implications for Ne/N ratios. Society for Evolution Annual Meeting, Stony Brook, NY.
Espeland, E.K. 2005. Density-dependence, biotic, and abiotic effects on probability of genetic drift in annual plant populations (Facilitation: better than sex). Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Espeland, E.K. 2005. Density-dependent and environmental influences on Ne. Society for Evolution Annual Meeting, Fairbanks, AK.
Espeland, E.K. 2005. The opposing effects of competition and facilitation on preservation of genetic diversity in an annual plant (*Plantago erecta*). Mathias Symposium, Bodega Bay, CA.
Espeland, E.K. 2004. Environmental influence on effective population size (Ne) in an annual plant. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Portland, OR.
Carlsen, T.M. and E.K. Espeland. 2004. Fire patchiness influences distribution and persistence in a rare California late-flowering forb *Blepharizonia plumose* (Asteraceae). Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Portland, OR.
Espeland, E.K. 2002. Effects of density, inter- and intra-specific competition on effective population size using *Plagiobothrys stipitatus*. California Botanical Society Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA.
Espeland, E.K. and T.M. Carlsen. 2002. Dynamics of granivory on a California annual forb. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Tucson, AZ.
Espeland, E.K. 1999. Interpopulation variability in *Eschscholzia californica*. California Botanical Society Annual Meeting, San Luis Obispo, CA.
Brinegar, C., M. Okuda, D. Mascarenhas, D. Kinsey, E. Espeland, and W. Tubbs. 1999. Microsatellite-primed DNA fingerprinting using a simple sequence repeat primer anchored at its 3' end. California State University Biotechnology Symposium, Pomona, CA.
Espeland, E.K., M.S. Alvord, G. Liebig, and J. Powers. 1998. Evaluation of the Santa Clara County Office of Education Technology Institute: A Computer Inservice for Teachers. California Educational Researchers Association Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA.
Espeland E.K. and B.M. Pavlik. 1995. Creating new a population of *Acanthomintha duttonii*. International Meeting of Serpentine Ecology, Noumea, New Caledonia.
Espeland, E.K. and T.M. Carlsen. 1995. Pin/Thrum love: heterostyly and fertility in *Amsinckia grandiflora*. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Snowbird, Utah. **Technical Papers:** Davison, J., E. Leger, and E. Espeland. 2010. Alternative agriculture and vegetation management in the Walker Basin.  Bureau of Reclamation.
Paterson, L., E. Espeland, and T. Carlsen. 2005. Rare plant restoration and monitoring at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Site 300. Project progress report, fiscal years 2003 and 2004. Environmental Protection Department, Environmental Restoration Division. UCRL-AR-142408-03/04.
Carlsen, T., L. Paterson, and E. Espeland. 2003. Rare plant restoration and monitoring at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Site 300. Project progress report, fiscal year 2002. Environmental Protection Department, Environmental Restoration Division. UCRL-AR-142408-02.
Carlsen, T., E. Espeland, and A. Smith. 2002. Rare plant restoration and monitoring at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Site 300. Project progress report, fiscal year 2001. Environmental Protection Department, Environmental Restoration Division. UCRL-AR-142408-01.
Carlsen, T.M., E. K. Espeland, and B.M. Pavlik. 1999. Restoration of the large-flowered fiddleneck (*Amsinckia grandiflora*) at Site 300: 1998 yearly report. State of California, Department of Fish and Game, Endangered Plant Program, Sacramento, CA. 40 pp.
Carlsen, T.M., E. K. Espeland, and B.M. Pavlik. 1999. Restoration of the large-flowered fiddleneck (*Amsinckia grandiflora*) at Site 300. Project progress report, fiscal year 1999. Environmental Protection Department, Environmental Restoration Division. UCRL-AR-133516.
Pavlik, B.M. and E.K. Espeland. 1994. Creating new populations of *Acanthomintha duttonii*. IV. Demographic performance at Pulgas Ridge and Edgewood Park. State of California, Department of Fish and Game, Endangered Plant Program, Sacramento CA 25 pp.
Pavlik, B.M. and E.K. Espeland. 1993. Creating new populations of *Acanthomintha duttonii*. III. Enhancement at Pulgas Ridge. State of California, Department of Fish and Game, Endangered Plant Program, Sacramento CA 30 pp.
Pavlik, B.M. and E.K. Espeland. 1992. Creating new populations of *Acanthomintha duttonii*. II. Reintroduction at Pulgas Ridge. State of California, Department of Fish and Game, Endangered Plant Program, Sacramento CA 35 pp.
Pavlik, B.M. and E.K. Espeland. 1991. Creating new populations of *Acanthomintha duttonii*. I. Preliminary laboratory and field studies. State of California, Department of Fish and Game, Endangered Plant Program, Sacramento CA 26 pp.


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