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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

DIVISION ONE

In the Matter of the Dependency of

LAD., d.o.b. 02/18/13,

Minor Child.

WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT

OF SOCIAL & HEALTH SERVICES,

Respondent,

ASHLEY DUKELLIS,

Appellant.

No. 74457-7-I

UNPUBLISHED OPINION

FILED: November 14, 2016

Verellen, C.J. — Ashley Dukellis appeals an order terminating her parental

rights to her daughter, L.D. She contends the court entered irreconcilable findings

regarding L.D.'s best interest and that the resulting ambiguity undermines the

termination order and violates her right to due process. Because the challenged

findings are reconcilable and the unchallenged findings support the remaining

prerequisites for termination, we affirm.
No. 74457-7-1/2

FACTS

Ashley is the biological mother of three children, including a daughter, L.D.,

born in February 2013.1 During her pregnancy with L.D., Ashleytested positive for

marijuana and methamphetamine. When L.D. was born, both L.D. and Ashley

tested positive for marijuana. A few days after L.D.'s birth, Ashley admitted using

methamphetamine four times during her pregnancy.

Shortly thereafter, the Department of Social and Health Services filed a

dependency petition. The court entered an order of dependency requiring Ashley to

obtain a chemical dependency assessment, a psychological evaluation with a

parenting component, mental health counseling and medication services, and

domestic violence treatment services. The court also required Ashley to submit to

random urinalysis testing, attend sober support meetings, and engage in parenting

education.

In April 2014, the Department filed a petition to terminate Ashley's parental

rights. Following a trial, the court granted the petition and entered the following

pertinent findings of fact and conclusions of law:

II. Findings

2.11 Since dependency was established, services ordered

under RCW 13.34.130 have been offered or provided and all necessary

services reasonably available, capable of correcting the parental

deficiencies within the foreseeable future have been offered or

provided. These services included the following as to the mother:

[rjandom urinalysis, drug and alcohol evaluation, domestic violence

victim's assessment, psychological and mental health assessment,

mental health counseling, parenting assessment and parenting

education.

1 L.D.'s father relinquished his parental rights in January 2015.
No. 74457-7-1/3

a. The delay in the mother receiving mental health services after

the retirement of one of her providers is not compelling to the court as a

basis for asserting that all necessary services have not been provided

because the mother has not substantially engaged in her other services

which would be necessary in order for her to capably parent the child

and adequately address her mental health.

b. There is no demonstration that the mother has engaged in

substance abuse services, or demonstrated ongoing sobriety, where the

significant remaining risk to the child is that substance abuse has

incapacitated her in the past.

c. While not an issue of fault, due to her profound mental health

issues, the mother demonstrates an inability to work with other people,

including her treatment providers, her social workers, and even her own

attorneys; it is difficultto see how the mother could capably parent the

child without an ability to work with others such as teachers, daycare

providers, doctor's therapists, and friends and family. Her mental health

circumstances also subject her to debilitating panic attacks during

which she is not able to care for the child.

d. The mother did not, or was not able to, engage in services

necessary for her to assume care for the child despite those necessary

services being offered.

2.12 Given the 32 months of services offered or provided, there

is little likelihood that the conditions will be remedied so that the child

could be returned to the parents in the near future. The mother is

currently unfit to care for the child.

a. There is no indication that the mother's mental health issues

can or will be remedied in the near future such that the mother will be

able to care for the child on full-time parental basis.

b. There is no demonstration that the mother has remained clean

and sober for any substantial period of time during the life of the

dependency.

2.13 Continuation of the parent-child relationship clearly

diminishes the child's prospect for early integration into a stable and

permanent home. The consensus of expert opinion is that both the

likelihood and the ease with which a child will bond into a new family

setting are increased when the child is placed into a family setting at a

younger age versus a more delayed placement. The continuation of

the status quo is not in the child's best interests and a resolution is

needed as to who will be this child's permanent caretaker. The child's
No. 74457-7-1/4

needs forpermanence and stability must, at this point in time, be

accorded priorityover the rights of the biological parents in order to

foster the early integration of the child into a stable and permanent

home as quickly as possible.

a. Termination will facilitate the child's adoption into a stable and

permanent home.

b. While the court recognizes the limitations imposed by statute,

and that the court cannot mandate continued contact between the

mother and the child, the court does believe that continued visitation

between the mother and the child is in the child's best interest.

2.14 Termination of the parent-child relationship is in the best

interests of the child to allow adoption planning to begin and to foster

the creation of a stable and permanent placement for the child.

a. Termination will facilitate the child's adoption into a stable and

permanent home.

2.15 The mother is currently unfit to parent the child. The

mother was notified of her parental deficiencies. Because of these

deficiencies, the mother was unable to understand and was incapable

of providing for the child's emotional, physical, mental and

developmental needs. The mother is incapable ofsafely parenting the

child.

2.16 The child has 2 half siblings. The status of the child's

relationship with any sibling with whom the child has a relationship is:

the child has limited contact. The nature and extent of contact between

the child and the siblings shall be: as determined by the caregivers or

adoptive parent(s).

From the foregoing Findings of Fact, the court now makes and

enters the following:

III. Conclusions of Law

3.2 The foregoing Findings of Fact have been established by

clear, cogent, and convincing evidence.

3.3 The requirements of RCW 13.34.180(a) - (f) and RCW

13.34.190(2) have been established by clear, cogent, and convincing

evidence.
No. 74457-7-1/5

3.4 The parent-child relationship existing between [L.D.] and . ..

her mother, Ashley Dukellis, should be terminated pursuant to

RCW 13.34.190(1)(a) and (2).TM

The court expressly incorporated its oral findings by reference. Those findings

included the following:

And I do believe that there should be a specific finding to the effect that

Ms. Dukellis's relationship with her child is in the child's best interest

and should continue in some form.

That does not negate the Court's decision though that

termination ofparental rights should occur and is in the child's best

interest. So there's a balancing there that will ultimately be left to the

adoptive parents. And I'm making the finding because it's true in my

view and because I think the adoptive parents should know it, but it will

not[ajffectthe outcome in this caseP]

Ashley appeals.

DECISION

Parental rights are a fundamental liberty interest protected by the United

States Constitution.4 To terminate parental rights, the State must satisfy a two-step

test. First, it must prove the following statutory elements by clear, cogent, and

convincing5 evidence

(a) That the child has been found to be a dependent child;

(b) That the court has entered a dispositional order pursuant to

RCW 13.34.130;

2Clerk's Papers (CP) at 288-90 (emphasis added).

3Report of Proceedings (RP) (Dec. 4, 2015) at 373-74 (emphasis added).

4 Santoskv v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 753, 102 S. Ct. 1388, 71 L Ed.2d 599

(1982).

5"'Clear, cogent and convincing' means highly probable." In re Welfare of

M.R.H., 145 Wn. App. 10, 24, 188 P.3d 510 (2008).
No. 74457-7-1/6

(c) That the child has been removed or will, at the time of the

hearing, have been removed from the custody of the parent for a

period of at least six months pursuant to a finding of

dependency;

(d) That the services ordered under RCW 13.34.136 have been

expressly and understandably offered or provided and all

necessary services, reasonably available, capable of correcting

the parental deficiencies within the foreseeable future have been

expressly and understandably offered or provided;

(e) That there is little likelihood that conditions will be remedied so

that the child can be returned to the parent in the near future

[and]

(f) That continuation of the parent and child relationship clearly

diminishes the child's prospects for early integration into a stable

and permanent home.[6]

If the trial court finds that the State has met its burden under RCW 13.34.180,

it may terminate parental rights if it also finds by a preponderance of the evidence

that termination is in the "best interests" of the child.7 On review, unchallenged

findings of fact are considered verities.8 Challenged findings will be upheld "[i]f there

is substantial evidence which the lower court could reasonably have found to be

clear, cogent and convincing."9

Ashley does not challenge the court's findings and conclusions under

RCW 13.34.180(1 )(a)-(f). Her sole contention on appeal is that the court's findings

regarding L.D.'s best interests are ambiguous, that such findings do not satisfy

6 RCW 13.34.180(1).

7 RCW 13.34.190(1 )(a)(iv),(b).

8 In re Interest of J.F.. 109 Wn. App. 718, 722, 37 P.3d 1227 (2001).

9 In re Aschauer. 93 Wn.2d 689, 695, 611 P.2d 1245(1980).
No. 74457-7-1/7

RCW 13.34.190(2), and that termination therefore denied her due process. She

claims "[i]t is axiomatic that it cannot be in L.D.'s best interest to both terminate and

maintain her parent-child relationship with Dukellis."10 She concludes that the

findings "are irreconcilable" and leave "the record ambiguous as to whether the trial

court made the findings necessary for a valid termination order."11 We disagree.

There is no ambiguity or inconsistency in the court's findings. The court found

Ashley"unfit to care forthe child,"12 that L.D.'s best interests "are served by

termination ofparental rights,"13 and that "[t]he parent-child relationship existing

between [L.D.] and ... her mother. . . should be terminated."14 These findings that it

is not in L.D.'s best interest to have a parent-child relationship with Ashley in no way

conflict with the court's findings that itwould be in L.D.'s best interest for Ashley to

have a nonparental relationship with L.D. Nor is there any ambiguity as to whether

the court found that termination of the parent-child relationship was in L.D.'s best

interest. The court's written and oral findings regarding L.D.'s best interests clearly

and unequivocally distinguish between a parental or nonparental relationship with

Ashley. The court even acknowledged that it lacked authority to require ongoing

contact between Ashley and L.D., but found that such contact through an open

adoption would be in L.D.'s best interest. There is no ambiguity in the court's findings

under RCW 13.34.190(2) and therefore, no denial of due process.

10 Appellant's Br. at 14.

11 Appellant's Br. at 9.

12 CP at 289 (Finding of Fact 2.12) (emphasis added).

13 RP (Nov. 5, 2015) at 347 (emphasis added).

14 CP at 290 (Conclusion of Law 3.4) (emphasis added).
No. 74457-7-1/8

Affirmed.

WE CONCUR:

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