Filed 2/1/16 In re C.B. CA4/3

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION THREE

In re C.B., a Person Coming Under the 

Juvenile Court Law.

ORANGE COUNTY SOCIAL SERVICES 

AGENCY,

 Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

LEIGH B.,

 Defendant and Appellant.

 G052177

 (Super. Ct. No. DP025745)

 O P I N I O N

Appeal from a judgment of the Superior Court of Orange County, Dennis J. 

Keough, Judge. Affirmed.

Marsha F. Levine, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for 

Defendant and Appellant, Leigh B.

Leon J. Page, County Counsel, Karen L. Christensen and Jeannie Su, 

Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
2

Andrea Renee St. Julian, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for 

Defendant and Respondent, Joel M.

* * *

Leigh B. (mother) appeals from the juvenile court’s judgment terminating 

jurisdiction at the disposition hearing and placing her son, C.B. (born in November 

2014), in his father Joel M.’s (father) sole physical and legal custody with monitored 

visits for mother. Mother contends the evidence does not support the juvenile court’s 

finding there was a substantial danger to C.B.’s physical or emotional well-being if he 

was returned to her (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 361, subd. (c)(1); all statutory citations are to 

this code unless otherwise noted). She also asserts the court terminated jurisdiction 

prematurely, and should have awaited the outcome of a previously-ordered Evidence 

Code section 730 (section 730) evaluation. We discern no error or abuse of discretion 

and therefore affirm the judgment.

I

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

In November 2014, San Bernardino County child welfare officials filed a 

juvenile court petition alleging C.B. had suffered, or was at substantial risk of suffering

serious physical or emotional harm “by the inability of [his parent] to provide regular 

care for [him] due to [his parent’s]. mental illness, developmental disability, or substance 

abuse.” (§ 300, subd. (b).) Specifically, the petition alleged mother gave birth to C.B. in 

the backyard of an abandoned house without medical assistance, suffered from mental 

health issues, and had a criminal history. 

According to the detention report, mother gave birth on a blanket in the 

backyard of a home formerly inhabited by the maternal grandmother. Mother claimed

she was unaware the grandmother no longer lived at the residence, but a friend, whom 
3

mother called during her labor, declared mother planned to deliver her baby in her 

mother’s backyard without medical assistance. 

The report also provided details concerning mother’s background. In 1997, 

mother, then 17 years old, was the driver in an automobile collision that killed her brother 

and another passenger. The report noted the accident resulted in a ruptured relationship 

with her parents. Mother had four older children, none of whom remained in her custody. 

In 2003, after an argument with one of the children’s fathers, she attempted to commit 

suicide by crashing her vehicle with two of her children on the same mountain road

where the 1997 accident occurred. Mother pleaded guilty to felony child endangerment. 

An unnamed physician quoted in the detention report described mother “as having 

extreme odd, obsessive, overprotective, controlling, argumentative, [and] noncooperative” behaviors, perhaps attributable to the brain injury she suffered in the 1997 

accident.

The social worker’s report for the jurisdiction hearing stated mother was 

argumentative and uncooperative. Mother refused to sign information release forms that 

would have allowed the social worker to obtain copies of mother’s mental health records. 

Nor would mother provide information concerning C.B.’s father.

1

 The report catalogued

mother’s prior incidents of domestic violence against her children’s fathers, and 

described other incidents of mother’s erratic behavior. For example, in 2009 mother 

erupted in anger at two of her children for cluttering the house, repeatedly threw objects 

at their father, and threatened to stab him. She was arrested and placed on a psychiatric 

hold (§ 5150).

In December 2014, mother waived her rights and pleaded no contest to 

specified allegations of the petition. The county agreed to dismiss allegations related to 

mother’s criminal history and mental health issues. The court found C.B. came within 

 

1

Father has filed a letter brief joining in SSA’s legal arguments and requests 

affirmance of the judgment. 
4

the provisions of section 300, subdivision (b),

2

and transferred disposition of the case to 

Orange County, where the parents resided.

In a report dated February 2, 2015, the assigned social worker with Orange 

County Social Services Agency (SSA) stated mother insisted San Bernardino social 

workers had “li[ed] about everything.” Mother deflected pertinent questions about her 

history, resisted providing information, denied the 2003 and 2009 incidents occurred, 

denied spending time in a psychiatric hospital, and refused to sign information release 

forms. C.B.’s caretaker also reported mother was uncooperative and difficult.

Father contacted the social worker and advised he wanted mother to move 

out of the apartment they recently had rented. He explained they had been arguing and 

asked for guidance on how to obtain a restraining order. A few days after father spoke 

with the social worker, mother accused the social worker of having bad intentions and 

promising father custody if he evicted mother. She also complained the social worker’s

interference undermined father’s cooperation and caused him to have anxiety attacks.

Mother changed, appeared late, or cancelled her scheduled visits with C.B. 

The social worker sought a drug testing referral after mother “sounded as if she was 

under the influence” during a phone call. The social worker cited a prior incident where 

C.B. did not wake up for hours after mother breast fed him, resulting in San Bernardino 

social workers prohibiting her from further breast feeding.

 

2

Section 300, subdivision (b), establishes juvenile court jurisdiction where, 

“The child has suffered, or there is a substantial risk that the child will suffer, serious 

physical harm or illness, as a result of the failure or inability of his or her parent or 

guardian to adequately supervise or protect the child, or the willful or negligent failure of 

the child’s parent or guardian to adequately supervise or protect the child from the 

conduct of the custodian with whom the child has been left, or by the willful or negligent 

failure of the parent or guardian to provide the child with adequate food, clothing, shelter, 

or medical treatment, or by the inability of the parent or guardian to provide regular care 

for the child due to the parent’s or guardian’s mental illness, developmental disability, or 

substance abuse.” 
5

The social worker opined mother suffered from mental health issues and an 

inability to process information, but could not confirm her suspicions because mother 

continued to deny permission for the worker to obtain information concerning mother’s 

mental health history. The social worker recommended a declaration of dependency and 

a case plan based on a section 730 evaluation. 

On February 2, the court ordered a section 730 evaluation with Dr. Jennifer 

Bosch and set a completion date for early April 2015. Issues and concerns listed for the 

evaluator included the likelihood C.B. would be physically abused, the presence of 

developmental disabilities and psychiatric dysfunctions interfering with mother’s 

parenting capacity, and whether she suffered from a mental disorder rendering her

incapable of benefitting from family reunification services within 12 months. The court 

sought recommendations concerning treatment, placement, and visitation. The court

continued the disposition hearing to March 17, 2015. 

In a report dated March 17, 2015, the social worker noted mother had no 

positive drug results, but missed several tests. Mother appeared at SSA’s offices in midFebruary with a man, claiming he was a lawyer and the child’s godfather, and demanded

to see the assigned social worker’s supervisor. Mother referred to the assigned social 

worker as “bitch,” “psycho,” and “the one with the accent,” and accused her of making 

“fraudulent statements.” In abusive and angry e-mails mother accused the child’s

caretakers of being “in this for the money,” asserted the caretaker husband was a 

“psycho,” claimed the caretakers were “abusing” C.B. by putting on his diaper too tight, 

and complained the caretaker husband had “threatened” her with cancellation of a visit 

after she attempted to shake his hand. During monitored visits, mother acted oddly, 

repeatedly exposing her breasts in public view so she could have skin-to-skin contact 

with the child because she believed this helped them bond. Mother refused requests to 

cover herself with a blanket or shirt.
6

Mother also directed her anger at father, describing him as a “sociopath” 

who suffered from bouts of anxiety, cut himself as a teen, and had not bonded with the 

child. She suggested the paternal grandmother “wan[ted] the baby for herself.”

Father reported mother refused to move out of his apartment until police 

officers confronted her with a ramming device to break down the door. Father 

discovered mother had urinated on his mattress, clogged the plumbing with nylons, 

damaged his personal property and the apartment, and stole several of his items. Because 

father had complied fully with his case plan, the social worker recommended 

conditionally releasing C.B. to father under a safety plan (CRISP). 

A therapist met with mother on two occasions, but mother believed she did 

not require therapy. The social worker disagreed, however. Based on “mother’s actions 

and behaviors,” the social worker suspected mother was suffering from an undiagnosed 

mental health disorder and it was not safe for C.B. to return to mother’s care until she

completed a section 730 evaluation and complied with any treatment recommendations. 

The social worker was also “highly concerned” mother denied being the aggressor in 

domestic violence situations in the face of documentary evidence to the contrary. Mother

cast herself as “the victim and [was] unable to see and to admit that she has done 

anything wrong” and blamed “other people for her behavior.” 

On March 17, the juvenile court granted mother’s motion to continue the 

disposition hearing. Mother agreed to comply with a section 730 evaluation, and the 

court authorized an additional 30 minutes of visitation time contingent on mother 

scheduling and following though with the evaluation. Over mother’s objection, the court 

placed C.B. with father under a CRISP. On March 27, the court ordered a section 730 

evaluation and report by Dr. Martha Rogers due to the court by May 1.

The social worker’s report dated April 17, 2015, recommended closing the 

case with exit orders. Mother missed several drug testing appointments in March and 

April. Mother was arrested in late March 2015, apparently for an outstanding warrant or 
7

violation of a restraining order. She missed several monitored visits, lying to the social 

worker she was ill. She continued to display odd behaviors during visits, including 

“excessive diaper changing and [] fascination with the child’s private part,” overfeeding,

“stuff[ing] the child under her shirt” ostensibly to facilitate skin-to-skin contact, and 

obsessing over a belief the child’s diapers were too tight and his nails needed trimming.

Mother’s therapist, Dr. Dumain, ended individual counseling because 

mother failed to keep several scheduled appointments, and mother refused to sign a

referral for a new therapist. Mother accused Dumain of “inappropriate” use of time,

“slanted comments,” and allegiance with the social worker.

Father obtained a restraining order against mother, but she repeatedly 

violated the order by phoning him. Her calls also violated juvenile court orders. Mother 

continued to malign the social worker in e-mails, describing her as “vicious,” a 

“monster,” and biased, and accused her of alienating the father and child from her. She 

faulted father for poor parenting skills, accusing him of not bathing C.B. or sterilizing 

formula bottles.

The social worker reported father had “been compliant with the conditions 

of the CRISP agreement” and “cooperative in welcoming the CRISP worker into his 

home,” including unannounced visits. He actively participated in therapy and 

successfully completed a parenting program. He had done “everything [SSA] has asked 

him to do,” was “caring and affectionate with” C.B., and there were no “concerns with 

this family.” No one other than mother had concerns about C.B.’s cleanliness or father’s 

parenting skills. The social worker recommended closing the case with orders that C.B.

stay in father’s care with monitored visits for mother at her expense.

At the disposition hearing in late April and early May 2015, mother

testified the social worker was unprofessional, lazy, immature, and vicious. She faulted

the social worker for failing to investigate father’s mental health, refusing to observe 

visits with C.B., and retaliating against her by recommending a reduction in visits. 
8

Mother claimed to have had a “birth plan” for a hospital birth, and denied going to her 

mother’s home to give birth. She had not seen the maternal grandmother in a few 

months, but “wanted her to be a part of [her] life with [her] son” and “thought it was a 

good way to make amends.” She arrived at the home early in the morning and sat next to 

the swimming pool without calling or checking to see if the maternal grandmother was 

home. She gave birth about eight feet from her car on pads she laid down, and she cut 

the umbilical cord with “crude twine” she found in her car. She did not call 911, but 

called a friend, who she believed was named Connie L., “because it was not an 

emergency.”

Mother claimed to have completed parenting and child development 

classes, but provided no documentation. She denied missing drug tests, claiming the 

testing facility was closed and claimed she had the tests done at a hospital. She denied 

having an unresolved issue with domestic violence and claimed father had “shoved [her] 

down with such great force that [she] ended up on the ground” and the social worker 

“lie[d] on the stand” when testifying mother pushed father. Mother admitted an arrest in 

July 2014, did not think it involved battery, and believed it was for trespassing “in [her]

own home . . . after [her] landlord broke in.”

Mother denied being homeless, but refused to disclose her current address

to SSA. She would not permit a home visit by the social worker, who “lied too much,”

but said she would allow someone else from SSA to assess her home, which was a rented 

room in a “beautifully appointed condo” with “new stuff” because father “stole a lot of 

[her] baby stuff.” She was not currently working and did not explain how she paid rent. 

Finally, mother claimed low brake fluid led to the 2003 car accident with the children,

and denied telling a first responder she wanted to kill herself after a fight with her 

partner. 

The social worker testified mother was very uncooperative, argumentative,

and displayed odd behaviors. She refused to provide releases to obtain information to 
9

assist in the investigation. Mother was “very rigid” and did “not have that instinct of 

feeling what the child needs.” Although the child cried during every visit, mother 

“continue[d] doing the same thing.” Mother was allowed monitored visits with her older 

children, but a restraining order barred her from unauthorized contact, and apparently she

had not seen them in a long time. Mother discontinued intensive counseling claiming she 

did not need therapy. Nor did mother believe she needed a domestic violence class and 

apparently did not comply with a request to take a child education class. The social 

worker believed mother’s mental health posed a risk to C.B. She recommended a 

monthly, two-hour, professionally-monitored visit for mother. She interpreted the 

visitation monitors’ notes as reflecting C.B. was “miserable” during mother’s visits. 

Dr. Fuentes, who worked at the facility where mother received treatment 

after the 1997 car accident, testified on mother’s behalf. She sought a cognitive 

evaluation from him addressing whether she suffered any lingering effects of her

traumatic brain injury. According to Fuentes, mother suffered diminished “nonverbal” 

skills, but remained in the average range, and possessed the capability of making 

informed decisions. Fuentes did not perform a personality evaluation, but he saw no 

evidence of “gross deficits in mental status.” She did seem anxious, which he attributed 

to stress, and he did not rule out the need for medication. A brain injury might “make 

someone act in a way that looks like they have mental health issues,” appear to be “on 

drugs,” or “affect the way that she organizes her thoughts.” The person might engage in 

“thinking out loud” with “less of a filter,” especially when under stress. Mother had “the 

cognitive understanding of what it means to be a parent,” appeared to understand how to 

care for a child, and he had no concerns about her ability to parent. But Fuentes admitted 

he did not know much about mother’s background and history, and he “would need to do 
10

a comprehensive evaluation” and more “thorough observation” before agreeing a child 

could be placed safely in mother’s care.3

On May 5, 2015, the juvenile court found there would be a current risk of 

detrimental harm to C.B. if he was placed in mother’s custody (§ 361, subd. (c)(1)). The 

court declared C.B. to be a dependent child, and ordered sole legal and physical custody 

vested with father (§ 361.2), noting “there is a significant difference in the demonstrated 

abilities of [mother and father] to care for this child.”

The court stated it disbelieved mother’s testimony concerning “the events 

surrounding the birth” and faulted her for failing to “make sure there were no problems at 

a crucial, crucial moment in the life of this child.” The court cited mother’s statements 

she summoned her friend’s assistance “not for the child, not for herself, but to clean up 

the mess” accompanying the birth “to make this presentable.” The court observed mother 

provided or released limited information favorable to her, and the lack of “broad access 

to pertinent information” raised concerns considering “what seems to be a series of 

events” where “mother has responded inappropriately.” The court also noted mother’s 

hostile, abrasive, and demeaning behavior “interfered in a significant part in the 

relationship between” mother and the social worker, and with father. The court noted 

that mother’s negative attitude made it unlikely she would work productively with SSA, 

which was a reason not to retain jurisdiction as mother requested. The court also 

concluded “simply from mother’s testimony” it was “extremely unlikely she would 

participate in any meaningful fashion in services or a 730 evaluation.”

In June 2015, the court ordered six hours of weekly supervised visits for 

mother, with additional hours for specified holidays. The court noted mother’s conduct 

at the end of visits, often standing behind the caretaker’s vehicle, and the choice to give 

 

3

Dr. Seibert, who worked at the same facility as Dr. Fuentes, provided the 

social worker with an opinion mother’s neuropsychological status did not suggest reason 

to doubt mother’s ability to safely and effectively care for her children.
11

birth at the unoccupied residence, “does raise concerns about the child being potentially 

secreted” and warranted supervision. The Court ordered father to pay for six hours per

month of supervision until the end of the calendar year.

II

DISCUSSION

A. Substantial Evidence Supports the Juvenile Court’s Decision to Remove the Child 

from Mother’s Custody

Mother contends the evidence does not support the juvenile court’s finding 

there was a substantial danger to C.B.’s physical and emotional well-being if he was

returned home to her (§ 361, subd. (c)(1)). We disagree. 

Mother pleaded no contest to the allegations C.B. had suffered, or was at

substantial risk of suffering serious physical harm or illness in her care (§ 300, subd. (b)). 

Consequently, the juvenile court declared C.B. a dependent child (§ 360, subd. (d)). 

Section 361, subdivision (c), provides: “A dependent child shall not be taken from the 

physical custody of his or her parents or guardian or guardians with whom the child 

resides at the time the petition was initiated, unless the juvenile court finds clear and 

convincing evidence of any of the following circumstances . . . . [¶] (1) There is or would 

be a substantial danger to the physical health, safety, protection, or physical or emotional 

well-being of the minor if the minor were returned home, and there are no reasonable 

means by which the minor’s physical health can be protected without removing the minor 

from the minor’s parent’s or guardian’s physical custody.” An order removing a child 

from parental custody is reviewed under the substantial evidence standard. (In re A.E. 

(2014) 228 Cal.App.4th 820, 826.) The reviewing court views the record in the light 

most favorable to the juvenile court’s judgment, resolves all conflicts in the evidence in 

favor of the judgment, and accepts all credibility findings. (Ibid.; In re Savannah M. 
12

(2005) 131 Cal.App.4th 1387, 1393 [substantial evidence is evidence that is reasonable, 

credible, and of solid value].) 

Mother argues the juvenile court removed C.B. from her custody because 

of “risks that her purported mental health problems might pose to him,” but “the only 

supposed evidence presented regarding mother’s alleged mental health problems is pure 

speculation and conjecture.” The evidence in the record, however, demonstrated mother 

posed a substantial danger to C.B.

Significant facts demonstrating substantial danger to C.B. include the 2003

child endangerment incident with two of her older children and mother’s loss of custody 

of all four of the older children. The circumstances of C.B.’s birth, coupled with

mother’s unconvincing explanation of those events, showed mother failed to appreciate

the consequences and risks attending C.B.’s delivery, and presented a danger to C.B. in 

the future. Mother’s decision to deliver her child without medical assistance supported 

the court’s conclusion mother had “extraordinary deficiencies in . . . judgment” and 

making decisions. Her refusal to provide information concerning her background, mental 

health history, and living arrangements, and her denials concerning domestic violence 

incidents, undermined her credibility and created a lack of trust in her parenting 

capabilities. Her refusal to attend more than two therapy sessions showed she lacked 

insight into her deficits or an interest in improving her parenting capabilities. 

Mother’s interactions with the social worker, former caretakers, and father, 

including her violations of the restraining order and arrests, show her to be an 

emotionally unstable and potentially violent individual. Mother’s hostility and lack of 

cooperation prevented the court from identifying the source of her problems. Although 

mother never tested positive for drugs, she missed several Medtox testing appointments, 

and the social worker felt she might have been intoxicated during a phone call. But 

whatever the explanation, the record as recounted in detail above, shows mother posed a 
13

substantial risk of harm to C.B.’s physical and emotional well-being. (See In re J.S.

(2014) 228 Cal.App.4th 1483, 1492 [court must focus on averting harm to the child].)

Mother faults the social worker for offering an opinion on her mental health 

but failing to adequately investigate the matter or obtaining expert opinion to back up her

hypothesis. But the record reflects mother refused to provide releases for information, 

selectively providing the records she deemed favorable to her position. 

Mother also complains the section 730 evaluation was not completed 

“despite two court orders and mother begging the social worker to make sure the 

evaluation took place . . . .” Mother states Dr. Fuentes testified he “strongly believed that 

any assessment of risk mother might present to [C.B.] required a comprehensive section 

730 psychological evaluation and a psychiatric evaluation.” Mother argues the court and 

social worker could have insisted Dr. Rogers complete the evaluation (originally due 

May 1, 2015) before the disposition hearing concluded. 

The record suggests mother played a role in the delay associated with 

completing a section 730 evaluation. As noted, in March 2015 the court granted mother’s 

motion to continue the disposition hearing, mother agreed to comply with a section 730 

evaluation, and the court authorized an additional 30 minutes of visitation time 

contingent on mother scheduling and following though with the evaluation. This 

suggests she had not followed through on the prior section 730 evaluation with Dr. 

Bosch. Regardless, Dr. Fuentes admitted he did not know much about mother’s 

background and history, and he “would need to do a comprehensive evaluation” and 

more “thorough observation” before he could say a child could be placed safely in 

mother’s care. Dr. Fuentes did not assert the court, which was apprised of mother’s 

background and history, required such an evaluation. The record supports the court’s 

conclusion that mother’s conduct and testimony demonstrated it was “extremely unlikely 

she would participate in any meaningful fashion in services or a 730 evaluation.” Under 
14

these circumstances, the court did not err in proceeding to disposition without a section 

730 evaluation. 

B. The Juvenile Court Did Not Err in Terminating Dependency Jurisdiction

Mother also argues the juvenile court erred when it found there was no 

need for ongoing supervision and terminated dependency jurisdiction. Again, we 

disagree.

Section 361.2 provides that “[w]hen a court orders removal of a child 

pursuant to Section 361, the court shall first determine whether there is a parent of the 

child, with whom the child was not residing at the time that the events or conditions arose 

that brought the child within the provisions of Section 300, who desires to assume 

custody of the child. If that parent requests custody, the court shall place the child with 

the parent unless it finds that placement with that parent would be detrimental to the 

safety, protection, or physical or emotional well-being of the child.” (§ 361.2, subd. (a).) 

Where “the court places the child with that parent it may do any of the following: [¶] (1) 

Order that the parent become legal and physical custodian of the child. The court may 

also provide reasonable visitation by the noncustodial parent. The court shall then 

terminate its jurisdiction over the child. The custody order shall continue unless modified 

by a subsequent order of the superior court. The order of the juvenile court shall be filed 

in any domestic relation proceeding between the parents.” (§ 361.2, subd. (b).) 

Alternatively, the court may order the parent to assume custody subject to 

the jurisdiction of the juvenile court and require that a home visit be conducted within 

three months, considering “any concerns that have been raised by the child’s current 

caregiver regarding the parent,” (§ 361.2, subd. (b)(2)), or it may order the parent to 

assume custody subject to the supervision of the juvenile court with reunification services 

for either or both of the parents (§ 361.2, subd. (b)(3)). Orders terminating the juvenile 

court’s jurisdiction are reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard. (Bridget A. v. 

Superior Court (2007) 148 Cal.App.4th 285, 300; see In re Austin P. (2004) 
15

118 Cal.App.4th 1124, 1134 (Austin P.) [juvenile court’s conclusion continued 

supervision no longer necessary is a factual finding reviewed under the substantial 

evidence standard].)

Mother asserts “there were several concerns which showed that continued 

supervision of C.B. in [father’s] custody was necessary.” She lists concerns about 

father’s mental health, his criminal history and ability to care for C.B., and the open 

hostility in the relationship between mother and father. 

The record reflects father’s mental health and criminal issues were 

relatively minor and occurred in the distant past. Father followed the conditions of the 

CRISP agreement, cooperated with the CRISP worker and welcomed the worker into his 

home, including unannounced visits, actively participated in therapy, and successfully 

completed a parenting program. The social worker reported father accomplished

“everything [SSA] ha[d] asked him to do,” was “caring and affectionate with” C.B., and 

there were no concerns with C.B. in his care. As noted, no one other than mother had 

concerns about father or his parenting skills, and father’s conduct and cooperation during 

the proceedings was further evidence mother’s concerns were unjustified. Nothing 

suggested father would not continue to participate in activities beneficial to C.B. without 

juvenile court supervision. Although mother harbored hostility toward father, the 

contrary was not true. Mother may not set up her own behavior as a basis to undermine 

the court’s findings under section 361.2. The court did not err in terminating 

jurisdiction.

4

 

 

4

None of the cases mother cites supports reversal of the juvenile court’s 

dispositional order. (In re J.S. (2011) 196 Cal.App.4th 1069, 1076, 1082 [affirming order 

terminating jurisdiction where evidence demonstrated the child was safe in the father’s

home, the father was cooperative, and the child had no demonstrated mental or emotional 

problems requiring continued supervision]; In re Janee W. (2006) 140 Cal.App.4th 1444, 

1452-1453 [affirming order terminating jurisdiction; substantial evidence supported 

implied finding continued supervision was no longer necessary because the father’s home 

was appropriate and the children were happy in the home and well cared for; evidence of 
16

C. The Juvenile Court Did Not Abuse Its Discretion in Ordering Mother to Pay for 

Supervision During Her Visits

As noted above, the juvenile court ordered six hours of weekly supervised 

visits for mother (with additional hours for specified holidays), and ordered father to pay 

for six hours ($30 per hour) per month of supervision until the end of the calendar year. 

Mother contends the juvenile court abused its discretion by requiring her to pay for 

supervision because she was unemployed and could not afford it. She notes father was 

employed, had a home, and therefore had greater financial resources than she did. 

The juvenile court has jurisdiction to make visitation exit orders (§ 304; In 

re Jennifer R. (1993) 14 Cal.App.4th 704, 711) to be filed in and enforced by the family 

law court. (§ 362.4; In re John W. (1996) 41 Cal.App.4th 961, 973 [“[I]n making exit 

orders, the juvenile court must look at the best interests of the child”; In re Hunter S. 

(2006) 142 Cal.App.4th 1497, 1505 [where the juvenile court orders visitation, the court 

should make sure visitation will in fact occur].) We review the juvenile court’s order 

concerning visitation for an abuse of discretion. (In re R.R. (2010) 187 Cal.App.4th 

1264, 1284; In re Stephanie M. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 295, 318-319 [court abuses its discretion 

when order exceeds the bounds of reason].)

Mother does not assert the court abused its discretion by requiring 

supervision. The court encouraged the parties to find a lower cost supervision alternative 

with friends and family. Father refused to supervise visits, and it was clear he should not 

supervise based on mother’s attitude toward about him. As SSA notes, it was reasonable 

for the court not to saddle father with ongoing supervision costs when he was shouldering 

the entire cost of caring for C.B. The court noted if mother had custody, she would incur 

 

a conflict between the mother and father did not necessitate continuation of jurisdiction]; 

Austin P., supra, 118 Cal.App.4th 1124 [affirming order continuing jurisdiction where 

the child barely knew the father, child required therapy, and mother and father had a 

conflicted relationship].)
17

expenses exceeding the costs of supervision. Nothing suggests mother could not find 

employment or another way to pay for supervision. Mother’s argument “placing the 

burden on” her “to pay for [supervision] will ultimately result in the reduction (and 

possible elimination) of her visitation,” is speculative. Indeed, she may in the future be 

able to establish a basis to modify the visitation order in the family court to eliminate 

supervision because of changed circumstances. We discern no abuse of discretion. 

III

DISPOSITION

The judgment is affirmed.

ARONSON, J.

WE CONCUR:

RYLAARSDAM, ACTING P. J.

IKOLA, J.