UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE DISTRICT OF OREGON 

ELIAS FORCELLEDO, ) 

) 

Plaintiff, ) 

) 

v. ) 

) 

CAROLYN W. COLVIN, ) 

Acting Commissioner of Social Security, ) 

) 

Defendant. ) 

Sara L. Gabin 

Sara L. Gabin, P.C., Attorney at Law 

14523 Westlake Drive, Lake Oswego, OR 97035 

Attorney for Plaintiff 

Billy J. Williams 

United States Attorney 

Janice E. Herbet1 

Assistant United States Attorney 

1000 S. W. Third A venue, Suite 600 

Portland, OR 97204-2902 

Jeffrey E. Staples 

Special Assistant United States Attorney 

Office of the General Counsel 

Case No. 3: l 5-cv-00824-AA 

OPINION AND ORDER 

Case 3:15-cv-00824-AA Document 32 Filed 04/29/16 Page 1 of 6
Social Security Administration 

701 Fifth Avenue, Suite 2900 M/S 221A 

Seattle, WA 98104-7075 

Attorneys for Defendant 

Aiken, District Judge: 

Elias Forcelledo ("plaintiff") seeks judicial review of the final decision of the 

Commissioner of the Social Security Administration ("Commissioner") denying his application 

for Supplemental Security Insurance ("SSI"). Because the Commissioner's decision is supported 

by substantial evidence, the decision is AFFIRMED. 

I. BACKGROUND 

Born in Cuba in 1939, plaintiff was 73 years old at the time of his application for SS! 

benefits in April 2012. Tr. 63. Plaintiffs application was denied initially and on reconsideration 

for failure to prove immigration status. Tr. 23, 35-41, 52-54. Plaintiff requested an 

administrative hearing, which was held August 14, 2013. Tr. 103-28. After the hearing, the ALJ 

issued a decision finding plaintiff ineligible for SSL Tr. 14-16. In his written decision, the ALJ 

explained that he found no documentary evidence in the record proving plaintiffs ctment 

immigration status. Tr. 15. Accordingly, the ALJ denied plaintiffs application for SSL Id. 

The Appeals Council denied plaintiffs subsequent request for review on March 17, 2015, 

and the ALJ's decision became the final decision of the Commissioner. Tr. 3-5. This appeal 

followed. 

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW 

The district comt must affirm the Commissioner's decision if it is based on the proper 

legal standards and the findings are supported by substantial evidence. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); see 

also Hammock v. Bowen, 879 F.2d 498, 501 (9th Cir. 1989). "Substantial evidence" means 

"more than a mere scintilla but less than a preponderance." Bray v. Comm'r, 554 F.3d 1219, 

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Case 3:15-cv-00824-AA Document 32 Filed 04/29/16 Page 2 of 6
1222 (9th Cir. 2009). It means "such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as 

adequate to suppo1t a conclusion." Id. 

Where the evidence is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation, the 

Commissioner's conclusion must be upheld. Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 679 (9th 

Cir. 2005). Variable interpretations of the evidence are insignificant if the Commissioner's 

interpretation is a rational reading of the record, and this Comt may not substitute its judgment 

for that of the Commissioner. See Batson v. Comm'r, 359 F.3d 1190, 1193 (9th Cir. 2004). 

"However, a reviewing court must consider the entire record as a whole and may not affirm 

simply by isolating a specific quantum of supporting evidence." Om v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 

630 (9th Cir. 2007). The reviewing court, however, may not affirm the Commissioner on a 

ground upon which the Commissioner did not rely. Id.; see also Bray, 554 F.3d at 1226. 

III. DISCUSSION 

Plaintiff argues the Commissioner erred by finding that he was not eligible for SSI 

benefits under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 

("PRWORA"). Specifically, plaintiff alleges that he is eligible for SSI as a "Cuban and Haitian 

entrant" as defined in section 50l(e) of the Refugee Education Assistance Act of 1980 

("REAA"). 

Under PRWORA, "an alien who is not a qualified alien (as defined in section 1641 of 

this title) is not eligible for any Federal public benefit." 8 U.S.C. § 161l(a); Program Operations 

Manual System (POMS) SI 00502.001.A. l.a. Section 1612 provides an exception for "an alien 

who is a Cuban and Haitian entrant" as defined in section 50l(e) of the REAA. 8 U.S.C. § 

1641 (b ). This exception applies only in cases of applicants "to whom a final, nonappealable, and 

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Case 3:15-cv-00824-AA Document 32 Filed 04/29/16 Page 3 of 6
legally enforceable order ofremoval has not been entered." REAA § 50l(e), 8 U.S.C. § 1522 

note. 

The REAA defines a "Cuban and Haitian entrant" as follows: 

(1) any individual granted parole status as a Cuban/Haitian Entrant (Status Pending) or 

granted any other special status subsequently established under the immigration laws for national 

of Cuba or Haiti, regardless of the status of the individual at the time assistance or services are 

provided; and 

(2) any other national of Cuba or Haiti. 

REAA§ 50l(e). 1 To be eligible for SSI, a "Cuban and Haitian entrant" must meet one 

enumerated subcategory listed in POMS SI 00502 108. 

Here, plaintiff argues that his entrant status is described in sub-category two of Category 

2 of POMS SI 00502 108.B2-4 because he is "[a]n alien who is the subject of removal 

proceedings under the INA, and is not subject to a removal order that is final, non-appealable and 

legally enforceable." As noted, eligibility under the REAA definition applies only ifthe 

claimant shows "a final, nonappealable, and legally enforceable order of removal has not been 

entered." REAA § 50l(e), 8 U.S.C. § 1522. 

The Comt finds that plaintiff is categorically ineligible for SSI under the REAA 

definition of "Cuban and Haitian entrant." Plaintiff was issued a Memorandum of Creation of 

Record of Lawful Permanent Residence in 1977, according him lawful permanent resident 

("LPR") status pursuant to Section 1 of the Cuban Adjustment Act of 1966. Tr. 63. In 1988, 

plaintiff was convicted of a felony and spent the next twenty-four years in federal prison. Tr. 

1 The rule ban'ing "qualified aliens" from receiving SS! does not apply until seven years after the date that the alien 

"is granted status as a Cuban and Haitian entrant." 8 U.S.C. § 1612(a)(2)(A)(iv). This section specifies that a 

Cuban and Haitian entrant may be eligible for SS! for a maximum of seven years after the date he is granted such 

status; afterwards, the general rule precluding eligibility for SS! under Seetion 1612 applies and the alien is no 

longer eligible for benefits under the Act. 

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Case 3:15-cv-00824-AA Document 32 Filed 04/29/16 Page 4 of 6
119, 123. In 2006, the United Stated Depatiment of Homeland Security Immigration and 

Customs Enforcement ("ICE") sent a notice of action explaining the ICE was investigating 

plaintiffs removal from the country. Tr. 59. Plaintiffs prison tenn ended in March 2012. Tr. 

14, 123. 

ICE issued a final removal order on August 22, 2012, confirming that plaintiff had been 

ordered removed pursuant to Section 237(a)(2)(A)(iii) of the Immigration and Nationality Act 

("INA") for being convicted of an aggravated felony. Tr. 92-93. The record thus shows that 

plaintiff was ordered removed from the United States by the Depmiment of Homeland Security 

on August 22, 2012.2 Id. 

The Court must uphold the ALJ' s findings if they are supported by inferences reasonably 

drawn from the record. Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1111 (9th Cir. 2012). In his written 

decision, the ALJ found that to be eligible for SSI, plaintiff "must have a clearly-defined 

immigration status that meets an exception" to the ban on eligibility, but had failed to do so. Tr. 

15. Because the record indicates that plaintiff is subject to a removal order, the Comi finds that 

the ALJ' s determination that plaintiff is ineligible for SSI benefits is supported by substantial 

evidence in the record and is affirmed. 3 

Plaintiff argues in the alternative that he is eligible for SSI because he was "permanently 

residing in the United States under color of law," citing 20 C.F.R. § 416.1618. Under POMS, 

however, the "permanently residing in the United States under color of law" standard no longer 

2 ICE did not enforce the removal order at the time, but issued supervision conditions including the requirement to 

"appear in person at the time and place specified, upon each and every request of the agency, for identification and 

for deportation or removal.,, Tr. 93. 3 While plaintiff argues that the inference that a final removal order exists is a "mischaracterization of the record" 

because the order was not enforced, the record documents the issuance of such order and the ALJ's reading of the 

record was rational. Molina, 674 F.3d at l 111. 

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Case 3:15-cv-00824-AA Document 32 Filed 04/29/16 Page 5 of 6
generally applies to aliens applying for SSL See POMS SI 00502.001.A. The Couti therefore 

rejects this argument. 

Finally, plaintiff alleges that he was denied due process because the ALJ failed to hold 

the record open so that he could submit an employment authorization card ("EAC"). The Couti 

also rejects this argument. While plaintiff argues that it is possible that a "reasonable ALJ" 

maybe have viewed plaintiffs EAC to convey lawful permanent residency status, he fails to 

make a showing that the EAC proves eligibility for SSL Thus, any error in failing to hold the 

record open for submission of an employment authorization card is harmless because it has not 

been shown to affect plaintiffs substantial rights. See Ludwig v. Astrue, 681F.3d1047, 1054 

(9th Cir. 2012) (plaintiff must demonstrate that an e1rnr affected his 'substantial rights' in order 

to prove such error was harmful). 

In sum, the ALJ properly based his conclusion on substantial evidence in the record, and 

his decision is affirmed. 

II. CONCLUSION 

The Commissioner's decision that plaintiff is not disabled was supported by substantial 

evidence in the record and is therefore AFFIRMED. 

DATED this J.,9~of April, 2016. 

Ann Aiken 

United States District Judge 

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