COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA 

Present: Chief Judge Fitzpatrick, Judges Elder and Bray 

Argued at Chesapeake, Virginia 

CHRISTOPHER EUGENE MOORE 

 MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY 

v. Record No. 0915-99-1 JUDGE RICHARD S. BRAY 

 FEBRUARY 29, 2000 

COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA 

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF NEWPORT NEWS 

Robert W. Curran, Judge 

 Mark A. Stallings (Glasser and Glasser, 

P.L.C., on brief), for appellant. 

 Shelly R. James, Assistant Attorney General 

(Mark L. Earley, Attorney General, on brief), 

for appellee. 

 

* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, recodifying Code 

§ 17-116.010, this opinion is not designated for publication.

 Christopher Eugene Moore (defendant) was convicted in a bench 

trial of burglary "with intent to commit assault and battery," a 

violation of Code § 18.2-91. On appeal, defendant challenges the 

sufficiency of the evidence to prove the requisite intent. 

Finding no error, we affirm the conviction. 

 The parties are fully conversant with the record, and this 

memorandum opinion recites only those facts necessary to a 

disposition of the appeal. 

 In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, we consider the 

record "'in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, giving 
it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. In so 

doing, we must discard the evidence of the accused in conflict 

with that of the Commonwealth, and regard as true all the credible 

evidence favorable to the Commonwealth . . . .'" Watkins v. 

Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 335, 348, 494 S.E.2d 859, 866 (1998) 

(citation omitted). The credibility of the witnesses, the weight 

accorded testimony, and the inferences drawn from the proven facts 

are matters to be determined by the fact finder. See Long v. 

Commonwealth, 8 Va. App. 194, 199, 379 S.E.2d 473, 476 (1989). 

The judgment of the trial court will not be disturbed unless 

plainly wrong or unsupported by evidence. See Code § 8.01-680. 

 Viewed accordingly, the record discloses that, at 

approximately 5:50 a.m. on September 25, 1998, defendant "knocked" 

at the apartment window of his estranged wife, Agnes James, and 

"asked [her] to open the door." James thought defendant "did not 

know where [she] was living," and he was not welcome. 

Nonetheless, James opened a door, which accessed the hallway of 

the apartment building, but "told [defendant] that he would have 

to talk . . . [there] 'cause [her] children [were] in [the 

apartment]." Defendant immediately began "talking" to James and 

"asking [her] questions." When she "didn’t respond the way he 

wanted" or "tried to go back" into her apartment, defendant would 

"grab [her] under her breast and . . . shove [her] up against the 

wall." On "several" occasions, he "grabbed [James] around the 

neck and choked" her. When defendant momentarily left the 

- 2 -
building to advise someone waiting for him that he would "be out 

in a minute," James quickly re-entered her apartment, locked and 

"put the chain on the door." 

 Defendant soon returned, however, knocked and repeatedly 

demanded that James "open the door." When she refused, defendant 

began to "push on the door" and, "finally," despite James' 

resistance "against the door," "broke [it] open with force," "just 

busted the door open." Upon entry, defendant was confronted by 

James' nine-year-old son, armed with a "stick" in an effort to 

protect her. Defendant took the stick from the child, assuring 

him, "I'm not gonna hurt your mother." A day-care van then 

arrived for James' children, and she escorted them to the vehicle, 

with defendant "right there behind [her]." As her daughter 

stepped inside, James "whispered in her ear . . . to call 9-1-1." 

Defendant returned to the apartment with James and resumed 

"pushing" her, "calling [her] names," attempting to kiss and 

otherwise "badger" her. "Finally," he angrily declared, "Forget 

you," and left. 

 James' evidence included a letter to her from defendant, then 

in jail as a result of the incident. Defendant wrote that he was 

"ashamed" and "sorry" for his "bad actions" and expressed "awful" 

feelings "because [he] hurt, . . . disappointed, . . . and let 

[James] down." He urged her to drop "these charges" and pledged, 

"I will never put my hands on you to hurt you again." Later, at 

trial, defendant admitted that he "grabbed [James] on her torso so 

- 3 -
she would just hear what I had to say," to talk and "work out our 

problems." 

 To convict defendant of the instant offense, the Commonwealth 

was required to prove that he broke and entered James' apartment 

"with intent to commit assault and battery." See Code § 18.2-91. 

Defendant does not dispute the unlawful entry but contends that 

the evidence failed to establish the necessary intent. 

 "[W]hen an unlawful entry is made into a dwelling, the 

presumption is that the entry was made for an unlawful purpose." 

Tompkins v. Commonwealth, 212 Va. 460, 461, 184 S.E.2d 767, 768 

(1971). "The specific purpose, meaning specific intent, with 

which such an entry is made may be inferred from the surrounding 

facts and circumstances." Scott v. Commonwealth, 228 Va. 519, 

524, 323 S.E.2d 572, 575 (1984). "Because direct proof of intent 

is often impossible, it must be shown by circumstantial evidence." 

Servis v. Commonwealth, 6 Va. App. 507, 524, 371 S.E.2d 156, 165 

(1988). "Circumstantial evidence is as competent and is entitled 

to as much weight as direct evidence, provided it is sufficiently 

convincing to exclude every reasonable hypothesis except that of 

guilt." Coleman v. Commonwealth, 226 Va. 31, 53, 307 S.E.2d 864, 

876 (1983). 

 Here, defendant's conduct both before and after he "busted 

open" the apartment door clearly manifested a continuing intent to 

assault James. During the initial encounter in the hallway, he 

repeatedly pushed, grabbed, shoved, and choked her, bruising her 

- 4 -
body and injuring her breasts. Later, when denied entry to the 

locked apartment, he "broke the door open with force," an act 

attended by such violence that James' son intervened to protect 

his mother, and James asked her daughter to dial 911 for 

assistance. Once inside, defendant again pushed, "slapped" and 

otherwise abused James, both verbally and physically. In 

subsequent correspondence to James, defendant expressed remorse 

and contrition and urged James to "drop the charges," statements 

reflective of a consciousness of guilt for conduct which he 

described as "bad actions." 

 The record, therefore, provides compelling evidence of 

defendant's intent to assault and batter James from the inception 

of the confrontation in the hallway, a mindset that accompanied 

the unlawful entry into her apartment and ended only when 

defendant left the premises in anger and frustration. 

 Accordingly, we find the evidence sufficient to support the 

conviction and affirm the decision of the trial court. 

 Affirmed. 

- 5 -