UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

DISTRICT OF OREGON

KAREN RENEE SALAZAR,

Plaintiff,

v. 

CAROLYN W. COLVIN, Acting

Commissioner of Social Security,

Defendant.

Case No. 3:15-CV-01294-KI

OPINION AND ORDER

Karen Renee Salazar

13325 SE Lee Ave.

Milwaukie, OR 97267-1139

Pro se Plaintiff

Billy J. Williams

United States Attorney

District of Oregon

Janice E. Hebert

Assistant United States Attorney

1000 SW Third Ave., Ste. 600

Portland, OR 97204-2902

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Jordan D. Goddard

Special Assistant United States Attorney

Office of the General Counsel

Social Security Administration

701 Fifth Ave., Ste. 2900 M/S 221A

Seattle, WA 98104-7075

Attorneys for Defendant

KING, Judge:

Pro se plaintiff Karen Salazar brings this action pursuant to section 205(g) of the Social

Security Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), to obtain judicial review of a final decision of the

Commissioner denying plaintiff’s application for disability insurance benefits (“DIB”) and

supplemental security income benefits (“SSI”). I affirm the decision of the Commissioner.

BACKGROUND

Salazar protectively filed an application for DIB on October 10, 2005. The application

was denied initially and upon reconsideration. After a hearing, the ALJ issued a decision on

March 4, 2009 finding Salazar not disabled within the meaning of the Act. Salazar’s nurse

practitioner, Kevin Probst, completed a Clinician’s Report of Work Ability on May 4, 2009,

which was submitted to the Appeals Council. The Appeals Council declined to review the

decision of the ALJ.

Upon appeal, the District Court for the District of Oregon reversed and remanded for

further proceedings. It concluded that the ALJ had given “specific and legitimate reasons” to

accept the findings of consulting physician John Ellison, M.D., over the initial opinion of NP

Probst. Salazar v. Astrue, 859 F. Supp. 2d 1202, 1224 (D. Or. 2012). However, it concluded

that Salazar had demonstrated a “reasonable possibility” that NP Probst’s May 4, 2009 opinion

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would have changed the outcome of the administrative proceeding. Id. at 1225. NP Probst’s

opinion was that Salazar’s rheumatoid arthritis “makes it very difficult for her to use her small

joints (hands) for any significant period of time. Even sedentary work such as keyboarding or

other activities grasping would be quite difficult.” AR. 275. The court questioned the ALJ’s

reliance on the consultants’ reports, including Dr. Ellison’s, all of whom concluded there was no

objective evidence supporting Salazar’s diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Salazar, 859 F. Supp.

2d at 1227, 1228. Additionally, the court questioned the ALJ’s reasons for rejecting Salazar’s

testimony about the extent of her pain and the side effects of her medications, and pointed out

Salazar’s 18-year work history substantiated her complaints of pain.

While pending on appeal, Salazar filed subsequent applications for DIB and SSI. Upon

remand, the Appeals Council deemed these applications duplicative. In connection with these

applications, Salazar returned to Dr. Ellison for a subsequent evaluation on May 7, 2011. The

Cooperative Disability Investigation Unit (CDIU) conducted an investigation of Salazar’s reports

of disability in August 2011.

Upon remand, Salazar appeared and testified before a different ALJ on November 13,

2013. Salazar disputed much of what the CDIU investigators reported. Accordingly, the ALJ

subpoenaed one of the investigators to appear at a supplemental hearing on March 26, 2014. 

Salazar was represented by an attorney at both of these hearings. On June 18, 2014, the ALJ

issued a decision again finding Salazar not disabled within the meaning of the Act and therefore

not entitled to benefits. This decision became the final decision of the Commissioner when the

Appeals Council declined to review the decision of the ALJ on March 9, 2015. 

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DISABILITY ANALYSIS

The Social Security Act (the “Act”) provides for payment of disability insurance benefits 

to people who have contributed to the Social Security program and who suffer from a physical or

mental disability. 42 U.S.C. § 423(a)(1). In addition, under the Act, supplemental security

income benefits may be available to individuals who are age 65 or over, blind, or disabled, but

who do not have insured status under the Act. 42 U.S.C. § 1382(a).

The claimant must demonstrate an inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity

by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to

cause death or to last for a continuous period of at least twelve months. 42 U.S.C.

§§ 423(d)(1)(A) and 1382c(a)(3)(A). An individual will be determined to be disabled only if his

physical or mental impairments are of such severity that he is not only unable to do his previous

work but cannot, considering his age, education, and work experience, engage in any other kind

of substantial gainful work which exists in the national economy. 42 U.S.C. §§ 423(d)(2)(A) and

1382c(a)(3)(B).

The Commissioner has established a five-step sequential evaluation process for

determining if a person is eligible for either DIB or SSI due to disability. The evaluation is

carried out by the ALJ. The claimant has the burden of proof on the first four steps. Parra v.

Astrue, 481 F.3d 742, 746 (9th Cir. 2007); 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520 and 416.920. First, the ALJ

determines whether the claimant is engaged in “substantial gainful activity.” 20 C.F.R. 

§§ 404.1520(b) and 416.920(b). If the claimant is engaged in such activity, disability benefits are

denied. Otherwise, the ALJ proceeds to step two and determines whether the claimant has a

medically severe impairment or combination of impairments. A severe impairment is one

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“which significantly limits [the claimant’s] physical or mental ability to do basic work

activities[.]” 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(c) and 416.920(c). If the claimant does not have a severe

impairment or combination of impairments, disability benefits are denied. 

If the impairment is severe, the ALJ proceeds to the third step to determine whether the

impairment is equivalent to one of a number of listed impairments that the Commissioner

acknowledges are so severe as to preclude substantial gainful activity. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(d)

and 416.920(d). If the impairment meets or equals one of the listed impairments, the claimant is

conclusively presumed to be disabled. If the impairment is not one that is presumed to be

disabling, the ALJ proceeds to the fourth step to determine whether the impairment prevents the

claimant from performing work which the claimant performed in the past. If the claimant is able

to perform work she performed in the past, a finding of “not disabled” is made and disability

benefits are denied. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(f) and 416.920(f).

If the claimant is unable to perform work performed in the past, the ALJ proceeds to the

fifth and final step to determine if the claimant can perform other work in the national economy

in light of his age, education, and work experience. The burden shifts to the Commissioner to

show what gainful work activities are within the claimant’s capabilities. Parra, 481 F.3d at 746. 

The claimant is entitled to disability benefits only if he is not able to perform other work. 20

C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(g) and 416.920(g). 

STANDARD OF REVIEW

The court must affirm a denial of benefits if the denial is supported by substantial

evidence and is based on correct legal standards. Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1110 (9th Cir.

2012). Substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as

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adequate to support a conclusion” and is more than a “mere scintilla” of the evidence but less

than a preponderance. Id. (internal quotation omitted). The court must uphold the ALJ’s

findings if they “are supported by inferences reasonably drawn from the record[,]” even if the

evidence is susceptible to multiple rational interpretations. Id.

THE ALJ’S DECISION

The ALJ identified rheumatoid arthritis, obesity and asthma as Salazar’s severe

impairments. The ALJ found that these impairments, either singly or in combination, did not

meet or medically equal the requirements of any of the impairments listed in 20 C.F.R. Part 404,

Subpart P, Appendix 1. The ALJ concluded Salazar had the ability to perform sedentary work,

except she could only occasionally stoop, crouch, crawl, kneel, and climb ramps and stairs and

she should never climb ladders, ropes, or scaffolds. She should also avoid concentrated exposure

to dust, fumes, and gases.

Based on this residual functional capacity (“RFC”), the ALJ concluded Salazar could

perform other work in the national economy, such as telephone solicitor and telephone answering

operator. Accordingly, the ALJ found Salazar not disabled under the Act.

FACTS

Salazar was 42 years old on the date of her alleged disability onset. She has a high school

degree and had worked for 18 years as a bus driver. I incorporate the previous court’s thorough

summary of Salazar’s medical care from 1999 to 2009. See Salazar, 859 F. Supp. 2d at 1207-

1214. 

On May 4, 2009, NP Probst issued an opinion reflecting that Salazar’s rheumatoid

arthritis “makes it very difficult for her to use her small joints (hands) for any significant period

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of time. Even sedentary work such as keyboarding or other activities grasping would be quite

difficult.” AR. 275. Two days later, x-rays of Salazar’s hands revealed “good mineral content

with intact relationships through the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. Metacarpophalangeal

and interphalangeal joints are all well-preserved and there is no radiographic evidence to suggest

either systemic or osteoarthritic abnormalities at this exam.” Tr. 954.

Salazar then established care with John Constien, M.D., and reported at her May 2010

appointment with him that she felt tired and achy in her feet, ankles, knees, hips and back. Tr.

947-48. She hoped to start exercising in a pool with warm water. She used cannabis tea for her

pain, preferring not to use oxycodone. Dr. Constien noted no areas of any inflammation of the

soft tissues. He thought her fatigue was related to sub-optimal treatment of her sleep apnea. 

Salazar told NP Probst in February 2011 that she was taking Enbrel for her rheumatoid

arthritis; she described the medication as helpful although she had difficulties with her activities

of daily living. Tr. 951. Her joints revealed no abnormalities, and she had some tenderness over

her wrist and fingers. Tr. 952. He directed her to follow up in one year. 

Salazar returned to Dr. Constien in March 2011 for cellulitis in her right toe; the doctor

prescribed antibiotics.

Dr. Ellison reevaluated Salazar in May 2011. At that appointment, he noted Salazar

drove herself to the appointment. She reported joint pain in her right food, right wrist, right

shoulder and neck, with occasional symptoms in her hip and jaw. She felt stiff, with burning

fingers, and occasional tenderness in her feet. She reported relying on her children “for just

about everything . . . and says they may even have to feed her.” Tr. 965. Her son helped her

undress and helped her put on her socks. She could load the dishwasher, wipe off counters, and

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supervise cooking. She could walk about a block, but not up or down stairs. She could drive

short distances on good days. Sometimes she used a wheelchair. On examination, she related

generalized tenderness, especially in the lumbar area, and reduced range of motion. She reported

pain “on manipulation of most joints, tender some fingers joints, ankles, etc., not able to squat

and rise, no arthritic stigmata.” Tr. 967. Dr. Ellison could not evaluate Salazar’s hip, knee, or

ankle range of motion because of pain on manipulation, nor could he evaluate her straight leg

raising. Her range of motion for her elbows, wrists, and fingers was normal. He assessed her

with “polyarthralgia, diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis still seems questionable to me,” as well as

severe chronic depression, severe obesity, mild type 2 diabetes, long-time thyroid supplement

therapy, and mild asthmatic seasonal bronchitis. Tr. 967.

The CDIU conducted an investigation of Salazar by interviewing her under the pretext of

investigating an identity theft ring. When investigators initially appeared at her home, a teenage

boy told them his mother had gone to visit a friend in the hospital who had just given birth. On a

subsequent visit to Salazar’s home, the investigators watched Salazar pick up a chair and walk 20

paces across her yard. After the group decided to move, she picked up the chair and walked

another 20 paces. The detectives interviewed her for 50 minutes and observed her to be calm,

alert, oriented, pleasant and appropriate. She showed no signs of fatigue or anxiety. She said she

had recently seen co-workers at a yearly organized “camping trip,” which Salazar later explained

was a retreat to a beach house. Tr. 509. The detectives understood Salazar drove her minivan

daily and that she took her sons to various school and sports activities. Salazar disputes that she

made these statements. Salazar said she used the internet to shop online and for Facebook. She

said she shopped at Safeway, Fred Meyer, and Wal-Mart, and that she participated in a water

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aerobics class. The detectives observed her using her head, neck, shoulders, arms, and hands

normally and watched her stand and walk normally. She had no trouble holding and

manipulating plastic-covered sheets of paper, and she picked up the sheets that had fallen to the

ground. She was babysitting a three-year-old boy. The report indicates that “video and

photographs were taken and a CD was logged into evidence and placed in the safe at the Salem

CDI Office.” Tr. 510.

There are no treatment records after Salazar’s February 2011 appointment with NP Probst

until December 2013. The December chart record is obscured by a post-it note, but it appears the

medication she was taking worked better than Enbrel. (Later chart notes reflect the new

prescription was Humira.) It appears she complained of pain in her great toe and left heel, which

made it difficult to walk. Upon examination, she displayed no joint deformities, but she had

tenderness over both knees, ankles, her right great toe, and her left heel. She had no hand

deformities, but she had mild swelling.

She saw Dr. Constien in January 2014. Her right knee was red and puffy and she had hit

her right great toe, which was also red and puffy but getting better. She had no edema in her

extremities, but she had a small right knee effusion with mild warmth compared to her left knee. 

She was prescribed Norco for additional knee pain, and was encouraged to lose weight. 

A month later, she went to urgent care for painful swelling behind her right knee. A

baker’s cyst was observed via ultrasound. She was prescribed Oxycodone. 

Three days later, on February 5, 2014, she returned to NP Probst. The swelling had

decreased, but she still complained of pain. NP Probst noted no deformities in her joints, but

identified a palpable baker’s cyst. NP Probst injected her knee with an anti-inflammatory.

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DISCUSSION

My attempt to find pro bono counsel for Salazar was unsuccessful. Accordingly, I

instructed Salazar that she need not provide any case, statute or other law in support of her

statement of disability; instead, I directed her to explain why she believed the ALJ’s decision was

wrong. Salazar filed a lengthy opening brief (17 pages) and a lengthy reply (16 pages) generally

explaining her work history (almost 18 years as a bus driver), how her symptoms developed over

the course of years, and how she continued to work despite these symptoms. The medical

records generally support this history.

1

Salazar challenges the ALJ’s findings in the following ways. She first disputes the

findings of the investigators, and the ALJ’s reliance on their report. This is relevant to the ALJ’s

determination that Salazar’s statements regarding the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects

of her symptoms are not entirely credible. Salazar disputes the persuasive nature of Dr. Ellison’s

reports. I consider Dr. Ellison’s report in the context of the ALJ’s evaluation of all the medical

evidence. Salazar also questions whether the ALJ properly evaluated her brother’s statement,

and whether the ALJ followed the court’s remand order. 

1

 I do note some inconsistencies. For example, Salazar reported that in the summer of

2005 her knee pain was so intolerable that she could “barely move it.” Pl.’s Mem. 4. At her

appointment in August 2005, NP Probst noted that while Salazar’s arthritis was symptomatic

with chronic pain, stiffness and swelling, she was “not having the flares since on Arava.” Tr.

235. On examination, she had mild swelling over her wrist and fingers, but her hips and knees

had improved, with less pain on range of motion. Similarly, she reports that by the end of

September 2005, she felt she was endangering school children because she could not press the

brake with her foot. When she appeared for her appointment, she says her “specialist examined

my knee and said it looked like I was suffering nerve damage, likely from my medication. He

switched my medication[.]” Pl.’s Br. 5. To the contrary, NP Probst did not mention any nerve

damage, and he “continue[d] the present medication regimen and lab testing every 8 weeks.” Tr.

235.

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I. Salazar’s Credibility

Salazar testified in January 2009 that pain and stiffness prevented her from working. She

testified that she could bathe and dress herself about 75% of the time and the rest of the time she

stayed in her pajamas. She could cook, load the dishwasher, and drive a car. A couple of days a

week she could not drive. She got her three children up for school (17, 13 and 9 years old at the

time), loaded the dishwasher, and spent time on her computer or watching television. On good

days, she could sew. She could sit for 45 minutes before moving around. She could stand for ten

minutes on good days. Her children helped her with her socks and undergarments 60% of the

time. On bad days, she lied in bed; she had ten bad days a month. Tr. 31-35.

At the second hearing, in November 2013, Salazar testified that her children were 25, 22,

18 and 14. She testified her condition was “basically the same.” Tr. 434. She testified that her

hands were swollen about 60% of the time, she had a hard time holding dishes, and that she

dropped things. She thought the pain in her feet and back had worsened. She could walk about

half a block. She could drive a couple of times a week. She disputed many of the things in the

CDIU report. Tr. 434-439.

 At the third hearing, one of the investigators testified about his interaction with Salazar. 

Salazar’s attorney cross-examined him, and then asked questions of Salazar about her

recollection of the interaction.

The ALJ found Salazar’s testimony about the intensity, persistence and limiting effects of

her symptoms not entirely credible. He mentioned the objective medical evidence, which

indicated examination of her fingers and hands over the course of years revealed a strong grip,

minimal swelling, and minimal treatment, in stark contrast to her reports of being unable to get

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out of bed and unable to feed herself at times. He additionally thought Salazar’s daily activities

were more involved than one would expect given her reported symptoms. She took care of her

children, prepared meals, drove a car, did laundry, loaded the dishwasher, grocery shopped, and

attended soccer games. The ALJ thought these activities were consistent with an ability to

perform sedentary work. Finally, the ALJ pointed to Salazar’s inconsistent and exaggerated

statements, relying on her report to Dr. Ellison in 2011 and the CDIU report.

When deciding whether to accept the subjective symptom testimony of a claimant, the

ALJ must perform a two-stage analysis. In the first stage, the claimant must produce objective

medical evidence of one or more impairments which could reasonably be expected to produce

some degree of symptom. Lingenfelter v. Astrue, 504 F.3d 1028, 1036 (9th Cir. 2007). The

claimant is not required to show that the impairment could reasonably be expected to cause the

severity of the symptom, but only to show that it could reasonably have caused some degree of

the symptom. In the second stage of the analysis, the ALJ must assess the credibility of the

claimant’s testimony regarding the severity of the symptoms. Id. The ALJ “must specifically

identify the testimony she or he finds not to be credible and must explain what evidence

undermines the testimony.” Holohan v. Massanari, 246 F.3d 1195, 1208 (9th Cir. 2001). 

General findings are insufficient to support an adverse credibility determination and the ALJ

must rely on substantial evidence. Id. “[U]nless an ALJ makes a finding of malingering based

on affirmative evidence thereof, he or she may only find an applicant not credible by making

specific findings as to credibility and stating clear and convincing reasons for each.” Robbins v.

Soc. Sec. Admin., 466 F.3d 880, 883 (9th Cir. 2006).

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Although the ALJ cannot reject subjective pain testimony solely because it was not fully

corroborated by objective medical evidence, medical evidence is still a relevant factor in

determining the severity of the pain and its disabling effects. Rollins v. Massanari, 261 F.3d 853,

857 (9th

 Cir. 2001). Here, as the ALJ summarized (and as I indicate above), examination of

Salazar’s joints repeatedly indicated no deformity, only mild swelling, and the overall medical

record is inconsistent with her reports of being unable to get out of bed and unable to feed herself

some days.

Additionally, as the ALJ noted, Salazar’s activities, corroborated by the CDIU

investigative report, appear to be consistent with an ability to perform sedentary work. Salazar

disputes much of what is in the report, but there is no dispute on the following items:

she was not home when the officers first came as she was visiting a friend in the hospital; she

moved a patio chair weighing approximately 8 pounds about 20 paces, and then another 20

paces; she went on a trip earlier that summer; she drove her minivan; she could pick papers up

from a seated position and manipulate them without apparent difficulty; she was babysitting a

three-year-old;2 she did not appear tired or anxious during the 50 minute interview; and the

officers came to her home on a day when she said her symptoms were “[p]robably a little bit

worse than an average day.” Tr. 411. The ALJ considered the CDIU report in the context of the

statements Salazar had made to Dr. Ellison about needing her children to do just about

everything for her, including feeding her at times. Additionally, the same month when Salazar

reported disabling symptoms to Dr. Ellison, she had been able to go on a trip with her friends. 

2Salazar contends she only babysat this child when another adult was around, but no other

adult was observed with the child on the day of her interview.

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As the Commissioner explains, the use of investigators to examine claimant reports is

permitted by law and such investigators may use a pretext to “gain the confidence of their

targets.” Shaw v. Winters, 796 F.2d 1124, 1125 (9th Cir. 1986) (“Government agents are

permitted to assume false identities”); 42 U.S.C. § 405(b)(1) (Commissioner may “conduct such

investigations and other proceedings as the Commissioner may deem necessary or proper”). The

ALJ may consider the investigators’ findings in evaluating a claimant’s credibility. See

Darmaryan v. Colvin, No. 14-cv-03551(VEB), 2016 WL 1698252, at *8 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 27,

2016) (citing other cases). Further, in this context, Salazar had an opportunity to question the

investigator and object to the admission of the report. See Manor v. Astrue, No. C10-5944-JLR,

2011 WL 3563687, at *5-6 (W.D. Wash. July 28, 2011) (plaintiff had opportunity to object to

report and to request presence of investigators). 

Salazar points to errors in the report that she argues undermine the persuasive nature of

the report. For example, she does not have three sons (she has two) and even though the report

reflects a video was taken and logged into evidence, no such video exists. Although no one

asked the detective about the mistake he made as to the number of sons Salazar had, the

information is not relevant to the ALJ’s disability determination. As for the missing video, the

detective explained he made an error in his report, mentioning that he and his partner used

different equipment for different investigations and no video was taken of his interaction with

Salazar. Tr. 392. The ALJ was entitled to accept his explanation. See Burch v. Barnhart, 400

F.3d 676, 679 (9th Cir. 2005) (“Where evidence is susceptible to more than one rational

interpretation, it is the ALJ’s conclusion that must be upheld.”). As for Salazar’s remaining

disputes with the report, they are only alternative explanations for what the investigators

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observed. The ALJ was permitted to find that the report offered factual support for his

conclusion that Salazar was not nearly as limited as she purported to be. In sum, “[i]f the ALJ’s

finding is supported by substantial evidence, the court “may not engage in second-guessing.” 

Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035, 1039 (9th

 Cir. 2008).

The ALJ did not err.

II. Lay Testimony

Salazar suggests the ALJ did not adequately consider her brother’s statement. Her

brother, James Thompson, submitted a letter dated June 6, 2010 in which he explained Salazar

continued to drive a bus despite the decline in her health. He explained she could no longer

perform those duties, and that he could not “conceive of any type of job that she could possibly

perform at this point.” Tr. 512. 

Lay testimony about a claimant’s symptoms is competent evidence which the ALJ must

take into account unless he gives reasons for the rejection that are germane to each witness. 

Stout v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 454 F.3d 1050, 1053 (9th Cir. 2006). The ALJ noted that

Thompson did not identify any specific functional limitations but, instead, opined generally that

Salazar was disabled. 

Thompson limited his discussion to Salazar’s ability to perform her work as a school bus

driver. He then more generally opined that he could not conceive of any jobs Salazar could

perform; that opinion is not entitled to “any special significance” as it is an “opinion on issues

reserved to the Commissioner”–i.e., the question of Salazar’s disability. 20 C.F.R. §§

404.1527(d), 416.927(d) (in the context of medical opinion); 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1529(c)(3),

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416.929(c)(3) (consider lay witness statements about “symptom-related functional limitations

and restrictions”). The ALJ gave germane reasons to give little weight to Thompson’s statement.

III. Medical Evidence

The ALJ summarized both Dr. Ellison’s 2006 report and his supplemental 2011 report. 

The ALJ noted Dr. Ellison’s 2006 report reflected that the doctor’s findings were not consistent

with the degree of pain reported by Salazar. Tr. 292. Similarly, Dr. Ellison’s findings in 2011

were “inconsistent with allegations of disabling impairment.” Tr. 293. Giving significant weight

to the agency medical consultant opinions, the ALJ concluded limiting Salazar to sedentary work

would account for her occasional swelling and reported tenderness. He noted these consultants

had considered the CDIU report and the recent medical evidence. Tr. 297 (citing Tr. 538-39,

552). The ALJ explained why he continued to give little weight to NP Probst’s opinions, finding

the 2009 note about Salazar’s inability to use her hands to be unsupported by the objective

medical evidence, and citing the court’s decision agreeing that the 2005 opinion was not entitled

to any weight.

Salazar disagrees that Dr. Ellison’s opinions are convincing, relying on extra-record

evidence about a disciplinary proceeding and arguing he lacked expertise in treating rheumatoid

arthritis. She also points to NP Probst’s statements about her limitations and to her early

diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis as evidence of her inability to work.

I do not consider Salazar’s new evidence related to a 1996 disciplinary proceeding and

later reinstatement purportedly involving Dr. Ellison. The “new” evidence must be material to

determining Salazar’s disability and Salazar must show good cause for having failed to produce

the evidence earlier. Mayes v. Massanari, 276 F.3d 453, 462 (9th Cir. 2001). To be material,

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there must be a “reasonable possibility” that the new evidence would have changed the outcome

of the administrative hearing. Id. A 15-year-old disciplinary proceeding and subsequent

reinstatement is not material to Salazar’s claim of disability. The ALJ properly considered and

relied on evidence from a licensed physician. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1513(a)(1), 416.913(a)(1)

(licensed physicians are acceptable medical sources). Further, there is no reason for Salazar’s

late submission of this information.

With respect to the ALJ’s evaluation of the medical evidence, NP Probst is considered

among the “other sources” listed in the Social Security regulations who are not acceptable

medical sources. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1513(d), 416.913(d). The ALJ may reject the opinions of

such sources by giving reasons that are “germane” to that source. Turner v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.

Admin., 613 F.3d 1217, 1224 (9th Cir. 2010). The ALJ accurately reflected the court’s findings as

to NP Probst’s 2005 opinion. Additionally, the ALJ found NP Probst’s 2009 opinion to be

inconsistent with the record. While NP Probst occasionally noted joint swelling, he did not do so

consistently. Additionally, x-rays reflected no evidence of abnormalities in her hands. The ALJ

also noted testimony from Salazar’s son about Salazar’s ability to use the computer for Facebook

and to play games “every day.” Tr. 418. Although Salazar now comments that she uses a tablet,

the testimony given was about use of a computer. These are germane reasons to reject NP

Probst’s opinion.

Salazar is left, then, with a record reflecting a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, which the

ALJ accepted. However, a diagnosis alone is insufficient to establish functional limitations. 

Matthews v. Shalala, 10 F.3d 678, 680 (9th Cir. 1993) (“A claimant bears the burden of proving

that an impairment is disabling.”). Thus, contrary to Salazar’s contention, the fact that Dr.

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Ellison is not a rheumatologist is irrelevant.3

 In the end, the ALJ evaluated all of the medical

evidence and concluded the lack of objective abnormalities, and her mild and only occasional

swelling, indicated Salazar retained the ability to perform sedentary work despite her diagnosis of

rheumatoid arthritis. See Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 679 (9th

 Cir. 2005) (“Where evidence

is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation, it is the ALJ’s conclusion that must be

upheld.”). The ALJ did not err in his evaluation of the medical evidence.

IV. Court’s Remand Order

Salazar contends the ALJ ignored the court’s remand order by relying on the CDIU

report, and ignoring the medical evidence and the lay witness statements.

The ALJ specifically referenced the court’s order in the following ways: he accepted that

Salazar’s rheumatoid arthritis was a severe impairment (tr. 287); reevaluated Salazar’s credibility

in light of the investigation (tr. 296); reevaluated the objective medical evidence in light of Dr.

Ellison’s subsequent examination and Salazar’s more recent medical records (id.); noted the

court agreed NP Probst’s October 2005 statement was not entitled to any weight (tr. 297); and

evaluated NP Probst’s May 2009 opinion but found it to be unsupported by the record. Since the

court reversed and remanded for “further proceedings consistent with this opinion,” it did not

preclude the ALJ from considering the new evidence in the form of Dr. Ellison’s opinion and the

CDIU report. Salazar, 859 F. Supp. 2d at 1229; see Stacy v. Colvin, 825 F.3d 563, 567-68 (9th

Cir. 2016) (on remand, ALJ may decide anything not foreclosed by the previous decision). The

ALJ did not err.

3His letterhead reflects that he is an internist.

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CONCLUSION

The findings of the Commissioner are based upon substantial evidence in the record and

the correct legal standards. For these reasons, the court affirms the decision of the

Commissioner.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

DATED this 17th

 day of October, 2016. 

 /s/ Garr M. King 

Garr M. King

United States District Judge

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