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ARS Home Plains Area Grand Forks, North Dakota Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center People





- Scientists
- Derek Bussan
- Jay Cao
- Shanon Casperson
- Julie Hess
- Forrest Nielsen
- James Roemmich
- Lin Yan
- Huawei Zeng

Forrest H Nielsen

(Frosty)    Collaborator /ARSUserFiles/4107/images/bio_nielsen.jpg
 Forrest H. Nielsen, Ph.D. Contact information (701) 795-8455forrest.nielsen@usda.gov
 **Biography** Dr. Nielsen grew up on a small dairy farm in central Wisconsin, and received his Bachelor's degree in 1963, Master's degree in 1966, and Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1967, all in Biochemistry, from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. After completing two years of military service with the U.S. Army's Medical Research and Nutrition Laboratory in Denver, CO, Dr. Nielsen, as a Research Chemist, was the first staff member hired for the present day Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, and arrived in Grand Forks shortly before the building officially opened in 1970. He served as Center Director from June, 1985, to March, 2001. In his current position as a Research Nutritionist, he is determining whether sub-clinical magnesium deficiency through exacerbating chronic inflammation is a significant factor in the occurrence of chronic disease, particularly bone loss leading to osteoporosis, associated with obesity.
 **Research Interests** Past research of Dr. Nielsen focused on determining the needs for essential nutrients for and beneficial action of bioactive trace minerals on bone health, cardiovascular function, and neuropsychological function. Dr. Nielsen's current research program is focused on determining whether bone health adversely affected by obesity-induced chronic inflammation is exacerbated by pro-inflammatory factors (e.g., magnesium deficiency).
 **Research Accomplishments** Senior member of the team that produced evidence that boron is a beneficial, perhaps essential nutrient for higher animals. Found that boron deprivation is detrimental to trabecular bone micro-architecture and cortical bone strength, and adversely affects behavior in experimental animals. Produced evidence that boron has diverse beneficial effects through influencing the formation and/or utilization of S-adenosylmethionine, which participates in a variety of biochemical processes.  Found that boron deprivation increased circulating homocysteine (a product of S-adenosylmethionine utilization), which has been associated with osteoporosis and mental disorders. Produced evidence that boron has diverse beneficial effects through influencing the formation and/or utilization of S-adenosylmethionine, which participates in a variety of biochemical processes. Found that boron deprivation increased circulating homocysteine (a product of S-adenosylmethionine utilization), which has been associated with osteoporosis and mental disorders. Senior member of a team that showed boron is a bioactive element that has beneficial, possibly essential, actions in humans. Found that supplementation of a low boron diet with an amount of boron commonly found in diets high in fruits and vegetables improved cognitive and psychomotor functions, modified calcium and magnesium metabolism, and enhanced and mimicked some of the effects of estrogen therapy. Senior member of a team that showed for the first time that sub-clinical magnesium deficiency, induced by low dietary intake alone, has adverse effects in humans. Magnesium deprivation caused heart rhythm abnormalities, energy inefficiency during controlled exercise, and altered calcium metabolism. Led the research effort showing that low magnesium intakes similar to that of 10% of adults older than 51 years are associated with increased chronic inflammatory stress and changes in bone composition associated with increased bone loss and decreased bone strength. Led the research effort that found a sub-clinical zinc deficiency with copper intakes just above the estimated average requirement resulted in heart rhythm abnormalities and increased oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. Led the research effort that showed silicon enhances wound healing and immune function. Found that silicon affects mainly trabecular bone turnover and structure, apparently through affecting collagen metabolism and cytokine action. Produced evidence that nickel is a beneficial bioactive element in higher animals. Found that nickel deprivation in experimental animals affects the response to deficient intakes of vitamin B-12 (can affect central nervous system function), can increase blood pressure, and exacerbates the response to a high salt intake.
 Curriculum Vitae (PDF)
 Publications(Clicking on the reprint iconReprint Icon  will take you to the publication reprint.)The history and future of dietary guidance in America-(Review Article) Jahns, L.A., Shaw, W.E., Lichtenstein, A., Murphy, S., Conrad, Z.S., Nielsen, F.H. 2018. The history and future of dietary guidance in America. Advances in Nutrition. 9(2):136-147. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmx025.Perspective: The case for an evidence-based reference interval for serum magnesium: The time has come-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Costello, R.B., Elin, R.J., Rosanoff, A., Wallace, T.C., Guerrero-Romero, F., Hruby, A., Lutsey, P.L., Nielsen, F.H., Rodgriguez-Moran, M., Song, Y., Van Horn, L.V. 2016. The case for an evidence based reference interval for serum magnesium - The time has come. Advances in Nutrition. doi: 10.3945/an.116.012765.High-fat diet enhances and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency attenuates bone loss in mice with Lewis Lung carcinoma-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Yan, L., Nielsen, F.H., Sundaram, S., Cao, J.J. 2015. High-fat diet enhances and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency attenuates bone loss in mice with Lewis Lung carcinoma. Anticancer Research. 35(7):3839-3847.Soy protein is beneficial but high-fat diet and voluntary running are detrimental to bone structure in mice-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Yan, L., Graef, G.L., Nielsen, F.H., Johnson, L.K., Cao, J.J. 2015. Soy protein is beneficial but high-fat diet and voluntary running are detrimental to bone structure in mice. Nutrition Research. 35(6):523-531.Calcium, magnesium, and potassium in food-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2012. Calcium, magnesium, and potassium in food. In: Sulewski, G., editor. Fertilizing Crops to Improve Human Health: A Scientific Review. 1st edition. Norcross, GA: International Plant Nutrition Institute, p. 123-142.Increased adiposity induced by high dietary butter oil increases vertebrae trabecular structural indices in rats-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2012. Increased adiposity induced by high dietary butter oil increases vertebrae trabecular structural indices in rats. Experimental Biology. 26:265.1.Growing evidence for human health benefits of boron-(Review Article) Nielsen, F.H., Meacham, S. 2011. Growing evidence for human health benefits of boron. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 16(3) 169-180.Reported zinc, but not copper, intakes influence whole body bone density, mineral content and T score responses to zinc and copper supplementation in healthy postmenopausal women-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H., Lukaski, H.C., Johnson, L.K., Roughead, Z.K. 2011. Reported zinc, but not copper, intakes influence whole body bone density, mineral content and T score responses to zinc and copper supplementation in healthy postmenopausal women. British Journal of Nutrition. 106:1872–1879.Magnesium supplementation improves indicators of low magnesium status and inflammatory stress in adults older than 51 years with poor quality sleep-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H., Johnson, L.K., Zeng, H. 2010. Magnesium supplementation improves indicators of low magnesium status and inflammatory stress in adults older than 51 years with poor quality sleep. Magnesium Research. 23(4):158-68.Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of inflammation, is decreased but plasma lipids are increased, especially with magnesium (Mg) deprivation, in rats made obese by high dietary butter oil-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2011. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of inflammation, is decreased but plasma lipids are increased, especially with magnesium (Mg) deprivation, in rats made obese by high dietary butter oil. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Conference. 25:109.8.Acid diet (high meat protein) effects on calcium metabolism and bone health-(Review Article) Cao, J.J., Nielsen, F.H. 2010. Acid diet (high meat protein) effects on calcium metabolism and bone health. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 13(6):698-702.The use of Self-Reported Food Intakes to Formulate Hypotheses for Expected and Unexpected Findings in Copper, Zinc, and Magnesium Supplementation Studies-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H., Scheett, A.J., Johnson, L.K., Lukaski, H.C., Roughead, Z.K. 2010. The use of Self-Reported Food Intakes to Formulate Hypotheses for Expected and Unexpected Findings in Copper, Zinc, and Magnesium Supplementation Studies. Presented at the National Nutrient Databank Conference.Magnesium, Inflammation, and Obesity in Chronic Disease-(Review Article) Nielsen, F.H. 2010. Magnesium, Inflammation, and Obesity in Chronic Disease. Nutrition Reviews. 68(6):333-340. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00293.xMagnesium (Mg) Supplementation Improves Magnesium Status And Decreases Elevated C-reactive Protein in Adults Older Than 51 Years With Poor Quality Sleep.-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H., Johnson, L.K. 2010. Magnesium (Mg) Supplementation Improves Magnesium Status And Decreases Elevated C-reactive Protein in Adults Older Than 51 Years With Poor Quality Sleep.. Journal of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 24:325.8.Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Alters Magnesium Metabolism, Distribution, and Marginal Deficiency Response in Rats-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H. 2009. Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Alters Magnesium Metabolism, Distribution, and Marginal Deficiency Response in Rats. Magnesium Research. 22(4):280-288.Histomorphometric and microchemical characterization of maturing dental enamel in rats fed a boron-deficient diet-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Haro Durand, L.A., Mesones, R.V., Nielsen, F.H., Gorustovich, A.A. 2010. Histomorphometric and microchemical characterization of maturing dental enamel in rats fed a boron-deficient diet. Biological Trace Element Research. 135:242-252.Silicon Deprivation Does Not Significantly Modify the Acute White Blood Cell Response but Does Modify Tissue Mineral Distribution Response to an Endotoxin Challenge-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H. 2010. Silicon Deprivation Does Not Significantly Modify the Acute White Blood Cell Response but Does Modify Tissue Mineral Distribution Response to an Endotoxin Challenge. Biological Trace Element Research. 135:45-55.Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition: Boron, Silicon, and Fluoride-(Review Article) Nielsen, F.H. 2009. Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition: Boron, Silicon, and Fluoride. Gastroenterology. 137:S55-60.Letter to Editor: Reply to Dr. Exley comments on: Jugdaohsingh R et al, Increased Longitudinal Growth in Rats on a Silicon Depleted Diet. Bone. 2008; 43:596-606-(Other) Jugdaohsingh, R., Powell, J.J., Anderson, S.H., Thompson, R.P., Calomme, M.R., Robinson, K., Nielsen, F.H., D'Haese, P., Geusens, P., Loveridge, N. 2009. Letter to Editor: Reply to Dr. Exley comments on: Jugdaohsingh R et al, Increased Longitudinal Growth in Rats on a Silicon Depleted Diet. Bone. 2008; 43:596-606.Boron and Fish Oil Have Different Beneficial Effects on Strength and Trabecular Microarchitecture of Bone-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H., Stoecker, B.J. 2009. Boron and Fish Oil Have Different Beneficial Effects on Strength and Trabecular Microarchitecture of Bone. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 28(3):195-203.Boron Deprivation Decreases Liver S-Adenosylmethionine and Spermidine and Increases Plasma Homocysteine and Cysteine in Rats-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H. 2009. Boron Deprivation Decreases Liver S-Adenosylmethionine and Spermidine and Increases Plasma Homocysteine and Cysteine in Rats. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 23:204-213.Boron (B) deprivation increases plasma homocysteine and decreases liver S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) in rats-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2009. Boron (B) deprivation increases plasma homocysteine and decreases liver S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) in rats. Journal of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 23:717.31.Marginal Zinc Deficiency Increases Magnesium Retention and Impairs Calcium Utilization in Rats-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H. 2009. Marginal Zinc Deficiency Increases Magnesium Retention and Impairs Calcium Utilization in Rats. Biological Trace Element Research. 128(3):220-231.Nutritional Aspects of Minerals in Bovine and Human Milks-(Book / Chapter) Hunt, C., Nielsen, F.H. 2009. Nutritional Aspects of Minerals in Bovine and Human Milks. In: McSweeney, P.L.H., Fox, P.F. Advanced Dairy Chemistry  Volume 3: Lactose, Water, Salts and Minor Constituents. 3rd Edition. New York, NY:Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. p. 391-456.Major Minerals - Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2009. Major Minerals - Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus. In: Driskell, J.A. Nutrition and Exercise concerns of Middle Age. Baton Rouge, FL:CRC Press. p. 193-218.Origin & Evolution of the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 1970-90-(Other) Sandstead, H.H., Nielsen, F.H. 2009. Origin & Evolution of the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 1970-90. Journal of Nutrition. 139:173-177.Increased longitudinal growth in rats on a silicon-depleted diet-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Jugdaohsingh, R., Calomme, M.R., Robinson, K., Nielsen, F.H., Anderson, S., D'Haese, P., Geusen, P., Loveridge, N., Thompson, R., Powell, J.J. 2008. Increased longitudinal growth in rats on a silicon-depleted diet. Bone. 43(3):596-606.Response of rats to 50% of the estimated dietary magnesium requirement changes with length of deprivation and different dietary fat sources-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2008. Response of rats to 50% of the estimated dietary magnesium requirement changes with length of deprivation and different dietary fat sources. Gordon Research Conferences, Ventura, CA, March 9-14, 2008.A combined marginal deficiency of copper and zinc does not exacerbate oxidant stress asssociated with copper or zinc deficiency-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2008. A combined marginal deficiency of copper and zinc does not exacerbate oxidant stress asssociated with copper or zinc deficiency. [abstract] Journal of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 22:1103.1.A histomorphometric study of alveolar bone modeling and remodeling in mice fed a boron-deficient diet-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Gorustovich, A.A., Steimetz, T., Nielsen, F.H., Guglielmotti, M.B. 2008. A histomorphometric study of alveolar bone modeling and remodeling in mice fed a boron-deficient diet. Archives of Oral Biology. 53(7)677:682.Is Boron Nutritionally Relevant?-(Review Article) Nielsen, F.H. 2008. Is Boron Nutritionally Relevant?. Nutrition Reviews. 66(4):183-191.Histomorphometric Study of Alveolar Bone Healing in Rats Fed a Boron-Deficient Diet-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Gorustovich, A.A., Steimetz, T., Nielsen, F.H., Guglielmotti, M.B. 2008. Histomorphometric Study of Alveolar Bone Healing in Rats Fed a Boron-Deficient Diet. The Anatomical Record. 291:441-447.A novel silicon complex is as effective as sodium metasilicate in enhancing the collagen-induced inflammatory response of silicon-deprived rats-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H. 2008. A novel silicon complex is as effective as sodium metasilicate in enhancing the collagen-induced inflammatory response of silicon-deprived rats. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 22:39-49.Trace Element Loss in Urine and Effluent Following Traumatic Injury-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Klein, C.J., Nielsen, F.H., Moser-Veillon, P.B. 2008. Trace Element Loss in Urine and Effluent Following Traumatic Injury. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 32(2):129-139.Tissue response to a supplement high in aluminum and silicon-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Turner, K.K., Nielsen, B.D., O'Connor-Robison, C.I., Nielsen, F.H., Orth, M.W. 2008. Tissue response to a supplement high in aluminum and silicon. Biological Trace Element Research. 121(2):134-148Sodium zeolite A supplementation and its impact on the skeleton of dairy calves-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Turner, K.K., Nielsen, B.D., O'Connor-Robison, C.I., Rosenstein, D.S., Marks, B.P., Nielsen, F.H., Orth, M.W. 2008. Sodium zeolite A supplementation and its impact on the skeleton of dairy calves. Biological Trace Element Research. 121(2)149-159.Health Significance of Calcium and Magnesium: Examples from Human Studies-(Book / Chapter) Combs, G.F., Nielsen, F.H. 2009. Health Significance of Calcium and Magnesium: Examples from Human Studies. In: Cotruvo J., Bartram J., editors. Calcium and Magnesium in Drinking-water: Public health significance. World Health Organization Press. p. 85-95.Moderate magnesium deprivation results in calcium retention and altered potassium and phosphorus excretion by postmenopausal women-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H., Milne, D.B., Gallagher, S., Johnson, L.K., Hoverson, B. 2007. Moderate magnesium deprivation results in calcium retention and altered potassium and phosphorus excretion by postmenopausal women. Magnesium Research. 20(1):19-31.Effect of boron supplementation on semen quality estimates in mature boars-(Abstract Only) Flowers, W.L., Spears, J.W., Nielsen, F.H. 2007. Effect of boron supplementation on semen quality estimates in mature boars. [abstract] Journal of Animal Science. 85(Supplement 1):538TRACE MINERAL DEFICIENCIES-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2007. Trace mineral deficiences. In: Berdanier,C.D., Dwyer,J., Feldman,E.B., editors. Handbook of Nutrition and Food. Second Edition. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press. p.159-176.Boron deprivation increases plasma homocysteine, a factor negatively associated with bone composition and strength-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2007. Boron deprivation increases plasma homocysteine, a factor negatively associated with bone composition and strength [abstract]. Journal of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 21(5):A125.Bone remodeling and silicon deficiency in rats-(Abstract Only) Steimetz, T., Katok, K., Gorustovich, A., Krieger, M.L., Nielsen, F.H., Guglielmotti, M.B. 2006. Bone remodeling and silicon deficiency in rats [abstract]. Bone. 40:S8.SUMMARY: THE CLINICAL AND NUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE OF CHROMIUM - STILL DEBATED AFTER 50 YEARS OF RESEARCH-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2007. Summary: the clinical and nutritional importance of chromium - still debated after 50 years of research. In: Vincent, J.B., editor. The Nutritional Biochemistry of Chromium (III). Amsterdam, The Netherlands:Elsevier B.V. p. 265-276.PLASMA TRACE ELEMENTS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER MEN AND WOMEN: THE RANCHO BERNARDO STUDY-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Lam, P.K., Kritz-Silverstein, D., Barrett-Connor, E., Nielsen, F.H., Milne, D., Gamst, A., Morton, D., Wingard, D. 2008. Plasma trace elements and cognitive function in older men and women: The Rancho Bernardo Study. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging. 12(1):22-27.Dietary magnesium deprivation decreases magnesium balance and urinary calcium excretion, increases sublingual cellula calcium and potassium concentrations, and decreases circulating neuropeptide Y and gluthathione ... women-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2006. Dietary magnesium deprivation decreases magnesium balance and urinary calcium excretion, increases sublingual cellular calcium and potassium concentrations, and decreases circulating neuropeptide Y and gluthathione concentrations in postmenopausal women [abstract]. 11th International Magnesium Symposium, October 23-26, 2006, Kashikojima, Japan. Program and Abstracts. p.O-13.UPDATE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAGNESIUM AND EXERCISE-(Review Article) Nielsen, F.H., Lukaski, H.C. 2006. Update on the relationship between magnesium and exercise. Magnesium Research. 19(3): 180-189.DIETARY MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY INDUCES HEART RHYTHM CHANGES, IMPAIRS GLUCOSE TOLERANCE, AND DECREASES SERUM CHOLESTEROL IN POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H., Milne, D.B., Klevay, L.M., Gallagher, S., Johnson, L.K. 2007. Dietary magnesium deficiency induces heart rhythm changes, impairs glucose tolerance, and decreases serum cholesterol in post menopausal women. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 26(2):121-132.DIETARY MAGNESIUM DEPRIVATION CONFIRMED BY BALANCE INDUCES BIOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES INCLUDING CALCIUM BALANCE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2006. Dietary magnesium deprivation confirmed by balance induces biochemical and functional changes including calcium balance in postmenopausal women [abstract]. International Symposium on Health Aspects of Calcium and Magnesium in Drinking Water, Program and Abstracts. p. 43-44.SODIUM ZEOLITE A SUPPLEMENTATION TO DAIRY CALVES-(Abstract Only) Turner, K.K., Nielsen, B.D., O'Connor, C.I., Rosenstein, D.S., Schott, H., Womack, C.J., Nielsen, F.H., Orth, M.W. 2006. Sodium zeolite A supplementation to dairy calves [abstract]. Journal American Science. vol. 84, Suppl. 1/Journal Dairy Science. vol. 89, Suppl. 1. p.436-437.BORON DEPRIVATION ALTERS RAT BEHAVIOUR AND BRAIN MINERAL COMPOSITION DIFFERENTLY WHEN FISH OIL INSTEAD OF SAFFLOWER OIL IS THE DIET FAT SOURCE-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H., Penland, J.G. 2006. Boron deprivation alters rat behaviour and brain mineral composition differently when fish oil instead of safflower oil is the diet fat source. Nutritional Neuroscience. 9(1-2):105-112.BORON, MANGANESE, MOLYBDENUM, NICKEL, SILICON, AND VANADIUM-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2006. Boron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, and vanadium. In: Driskell, J.A., Wolinsky, I., editors. Sports Nutrition Vitamins and Trace Elements. 2nd edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 287-320.TRACE ELEMENT LOSS FOLLOWING TRAUMA AND DURING CONTINUOUS RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY-(Abstract Only) Klein, C.J., Nielsen, F.H., Moser-Veillon, P.B. 2006. Trace element loss following trauma and during continuous renal replacement therapy [abstract]. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 30(2):536-7.DIETARY BORON AND FISH OIL HAVE DESIRABLE EFFECTS ON VERTEBRA MICROARCHITECTURE AND STRENGTH-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H., Stoecker, B. 2006. Dietary boron and fish oil have desirable effects on vertebra microarchitecture and strength [abstract]. FASEB J. 20(4):A561.DIETARY BORON, FISH OIL, AND THEIR INTERACTION AFFECT RAT BEHAVIOR AND BRAIN MINERAL COMPOSITION-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H., Penland, J.G. 2006. Dietary boron, fish oil, and their interaction affect rat behavior and brain mineral composition [abstract]. FASEB J. 20(4):A176.A HISTOMORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF ALVEOLAR BONE HEALING IN RATS FED A BORON-DEFICIENT DIET-(Abstract Only) Gorustovich, A.A., Steimetz, T., Nielsen, F.H., Guglielmotti, M.B. 2006. A histomorphometric study of alveolar bone healing in rats fed a boron-deficient diet [abstract]. FASEB J. 20(4):A24.A HISTOMORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF ALVEOLAR BONE MODELING AND REMODELING IN MICE FED A BORON-DEFICIENT DIET-(Abstract Only) Gorustovich, A.A., Steimetz, T., Nielsen, F.H., Guglielmotti, M.B. 2006. A histomorphometric study of alveolar bone modeling and remodeling in mice fed a boron-deficient diet [abstract]. FASEB J. 20(4):A195.BORON, MANGANESE, MOLYBDENUM, AND OTHER TRACE ELEMENTS-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H.  2006.  Boron, manganese, molybdenum, and other trace elements. In: Bowman, B.A., Russell, R.M. editors. Present Knowledge and Nutrition, Ninth Edition. Washington, DC: International Life Sciences Institute Press. Vol I, p. 506-526.A MILD MAGNESIUM DEPRIVATION AFFECTS CALCIUM EXCRETION BUT NOT BONE STRENGTH AND SHAPE, INCLUDING CHANGES INDUCED BY NICKEL DEPRIVATION, IN THE RAT-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H. 2006. A mild magnesium deprivation affects calcium excretion but not bone strength and shape, including changes induced by nickel deprivation, in the rat. Biological Trace Element Research. 110:133-149.BORON AS A DIETARY FACTOR FOR BONE MICROARCHITECTURE AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION-(Proceedings) Nielsen, F.H., Stoecker, B.J., Penland, J.G. 2006. Boron as a dietary factor for bone microarchitecture and central nervous system function. In: Fangsen Xu, Heiner E. Goldback, Patrick H. Brown, Richard W. Bell, Toru Fujiwars, Curtiss D. Hunt, Sabine Goldberg, Lei Shi, editors. Advances in Plant and Animal Boron Nutrition. Boron 2005, September 10-13, 2005, Wuhan, China. p. 255-268.BORON AS A DIETARY FACTOR FOR BONE MICROARCHITECHTURE AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H., Stoecker, B.J., Penland, J.G. 2005. Boron as a dietary factor for bone microarchitechture and central nervous system function [abstract]. Abstract Book, The Third International Symposium on All Aspects of Plant and Animal Boron Nutrition, September 9-13, 2005, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China, p 52.CHAPTER 41, THE ULTRATRACE ELEMENTS-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2006. Chapter 41, the ultratrace elements. In: Stipanuk, M.H., editor. Biochemical, Physiolgical, & Molecular Aspects of Human Nutrition. St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier. p. 1143-1163.EFFECT OF DIETARY SILICON ON BONE TURNOVER AND THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE MAY BE THROUGH AN IMMUNE RESPONSE INVOLVING OSTEOPONTIN-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2005. Effect of dietary silicon on bone turnover and the inflammatory response may be through an immune response involving osteopontin [abstract]. Journal of Dairy Science. 83(Suppl. 1):333.SILICON-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2006. Silicon. In: Klasing, K.C., editor. Mineral Tolerance of Animals. 2ndd Revised Edition. Washington DC; National Academies Press. p. 348-356.NICKEL-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2006. Nickel. In: Klasing, K.C., editor. Mineral Tolerance of Animals. 2nd Revised Edition. Washington DC; National Academies Press. p. 276-283.ARSENIC-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2006. Arsenic. In: Klasing, K.C., editor. Mineral Tolerance of Animals. 2nd Revised Edition. Washington DC; National Academies Press. p. 31-41.BORON-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2006. Boron. In: Klasing, K.C., editor. Mineral Tolerance of Animals. 2nd Revised Edition. Washington DC; National Academies Press. p. 60-67.OTHER MINERALS-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2006. Other minerals. In: Klasing, K.C., editor. Mineral Tolerance of Animals. 2nd Revised Edition. Washington DC; National Academies Press. p. 428-448.POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECTS ON HUMANS CONSUMING EXCESS MINERALS IN ANIMAL PRODUCTS-(Abstract Only) Greger, J.L., Nielsen, F.H., Klasing, K.C. 2005. Potential adverse effects on humans consuming excess minerals in animal products [abstract]. Journal Dairy Science. 88(Suppl. 1):333. Presented at ADSA-ASAS-CSAS 2005 Joint Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, July 24-28, 2005.THE TOXICITY OF MINERALS THAT MAY BE ADVOCATED FOR ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION THROUGH REASONS OTHER THAN NUTRITIONAL NEED-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2005. The toxicity of minerals that may be advocated for animal health and production through reasons other than nutritional need [abstract]. Journal of Dairy Science. 88(Suppl. 1):333. Presented at ADSA-ASAS-CSAS 2005 Joint Meeting in Cincinnati, OH, July 24-28, 2005.BONE HEALING UNDER A SILICON-DEFICIENT DIET: A HISTOMORPHOMETRIC STUDY IN RATS-(Abstract Only) Guglielmotti, M.B., Gorustovich, A., Krieger, L., Renou, S.J., Giglio, M.J., Nielsen, F.H. 2005. Bone healing under a silicon-deficient diet: a histomorphometric study in rats [abstract]. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Association for Dental Research, Baltimore, MD. March 9 - 12, 2005. Journal Dental Research 84(Spec Iss A):abstract 2157.DIETARY FATTY ACID COMPOSITION, DIETARY BORON, AND OVARIECTOMY AFFECT BONE STRENGTH AND MICROARCHITECTURE-(Abstract Only) Stoecker, B.J., Nielsen, F.H. 2005. Dietary fatty acid composition, dietary boron, and ovariectomy affect bone strength and microarchitecture [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 19(4):A57.FISH OIL INSTEAD OF SAFFLOWER OIL AS THE DIETARY FAT SOURCE MODIFIES THE OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSE TO BORON DEFICIENCY IN RATS-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2005. Fish oil instead of safflower oil as the dietary fat source modifies the oxidative stress response to boron deficiency in rats [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 19(5):A1705.THE EFFECT OF NICKEL DEPRIVATION ON BONE STRENGTH AND SHAPE AND URINARY PHOSPHORUS EXCRETION IS NOT ENHANCED BY A MILD MAGNESIUM DEPRIVATION IN RATS-(Proceedings) Nielsen, F.H. 2004. The effect of nickel deprivation on bone strength and shape and urinary phosphorus excretion is not enhanced by a mild magnesium deprivation in rats. In: Anke, M., Flachowsky, G., Kisters, K., Schafer, U., Schenkel, H., Seifert, M., Stoeppler, M., editors. Proceedings of the Macro and Trace Elements 22nd Workshop, September 24-25, 2004, Jena, Germany. 2:965-70.BORON STATUS AFFECTS DIFFERENCES IN BLOOD IMMUNE CELL POPULATIONS IN RATS FED DIETS CONTAINING FISH OIL OR SAFFLOWER OIL-(Proceedings) Nielsen, F.H., Poellot, R.A. 2004. Boron status affects differences in blood immune cell populations in rats fed diets containing fish oil or safflower oil. In: Anke, M., Flachowsky, G., Kisters, K., et. al. editors. Proceedings of Macro and Trace Elements 22nd Workshop, September 24-25, 2004, Jena, Germany. p. 959-964.DIETARY FAT COMPOSITION MODIFIES THE EFFECT OF BORON ON BONE CHARACTERISTICS AND PLASMA LIPIDS IN RATS-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H. 2004. Dietary fat composition modifies the effect of boron on bone characteristics and plasma lipids in rats. Biofactors. 20(3):161-71.ESSENTIALITY OF COPPER, ZINC, MAGNESIUM, BORON AND SILICON IN BONE DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2004. Essentiality of copper, zinc, magnesium, boron and silicon in bone development and function [abstract]. The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine. 17(4):263-4.THE ALTERATION OF MAGNESIUM, CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM BY DIETARY MAGNESIUM DEPRIVATION IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN IS NOT AFFECTED BY DIETARY BORON DEPRIVATION-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H. 2004. The alteration of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus metabolism by dietary magnesium deprivation in postmenopausal women is not affected by dietary boron deprivation. Magnesium Research. 17(3):197-210.MICRONUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL NUTRITION-(Proceedings) Nielsen, F.H. 2004. Micronutrients and animal nutrition. Meeting Abstract. In: International Symposium on Micronutrients, New Delhi, India. Paris, France: International Fertilizer Industry Association. CD-ROM.DIETARY SILICON AFFECTS BONE TURNOVER DIFFERENTLY IN OVARIECTOMIZED AND SHAM-OPERATED GROWING RATS-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H., Poellot, R.A. 2004. Dietary silicon affects bone turnover differently in ovariectomized and sham-operated growing rats. Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine. 17:137-149.LOW DIETARY SILICON INCREASES TNF-A AND COLLAGEN GENE PROMOTER ACTIVITY IN MICE-(Abstract Only) Hull, S.C., Burrack, A., Ek-Pangerl, K.E., Nardini, D.M., Hopps, J.L., Seaborn, C., Zimmerman, S.D., Nielsen, F.H. 2004. Low dietary silicon increases tnf-a and collagen gene promoter activity in mice [abstract]. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 18:A527.DIETARY BORON MODIFIES THE EFFECT OF CHANGING DIETARY FATTY ACID COMPOSITION ON RAT BEHAVIOR AND EYE MITOCHONDRIAL MORPHOLOGY-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H., Penland, J.G., Newman Jr, S.M. 2004. Dietary boron modifies the effect of changing dietary fatty acid composition on rat behavior and eye mitochondrial morphology [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 18(4):A491.NUTRITIONAL INTAKES OF SILICON AFFECT VERTEBRAL TRABECULAR MICROARCHITECTURE AND STRENGTH, BUT NOT FEMORAL OR VERTEBRAL STRENGTH CHANGES INDUCED BY OVARIECTOMY, IN RATS-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H., Stoecker, B. 2004. Nutritional intakes of silicon affect vertebral trabecular microarchitecture and strength, but not femoral or vertebral strength changes induced by ovariectomy, in rats [abstract]. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 18:A919.NICKEL DEFICIENCY ALTERS EYE MITOCHONDRIAL MORPHOLOGY AND IMPAIRS BRIGHTNESS DISCRIMINATION OF RATS-(Abstract Only) Yokoi, K., Uthus, E.O., Penland, J.G., Newman Jr, S.M., Nielsen, F.H. 2004. Nickel deficiency alters eye mitochondrial morphology and impairs brightness discrimination of rats [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 18(4):A527.DETERMINATION AND CONFIRMATION OF AN ACUTE NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE EFFECT LEVEL (NOAEL)FOR COPPER IN DRINKING WATER-(Abstract Only) Araya, M., Klevay, L.M., Strain, J.J., Robson, P., Nielsen, F.H., Olivares, M., Pizarro, F., Johnson, L., Poirier, K.A., Chen, B., Shi, W., Zhu, H., Haber, L.T. 2003. Determination and confirmation of an acute no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL)for copper in drinking water. [Abstract]. Web-based European Knowledge Network on Water (WEKNOW) Drinking Water Conference, October 13-14, 2003, Kuopio, Finland.CONFIRMATION OF AN ACUTE NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT-LEVEL AND LOW-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL FOR COPPER IN BOTTLED DRINKING WATER IN A MULTI-SITE INTERNATIONAL STUDY-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Araya, M., Chen, B., Klevay, L.M., Strain, J.J., Johnson, L., Robson, P., Shi, W., Nielsen, F., Zhu, H., Olivares, M., Pizarro, F., Haber, L.T. 2003. Confirmation of an acute no-observed-adverse-effect and low-observed-adverse-effect level for copper in bottled drinking water in a multi-site international study. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 38:389-399.SOME MAGNESIUM STATUS INDICATORS AND OXIDATIVE METABOLISM RESPONSES TO LOW DIETARY MAGNESIUM ARE AFFECTED BY DIETARY COPPER IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H., Milne, D,B. 2003. Some magnesium status indicators and oxidative metabolism responses to low-dietary magnesium are affected by dietary copper in postmenopausal women. Nutrition. 19:617-626.A MODERATELY HIGH INTAKE COMPARED TO A LOW INTAKE OF ZINC DEPRESSES MAGNESIUM BALANCE AND ALTERS INDICES OF BONE TURNOVER IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nielsen, F.H., Milne, D.B. 2004. A moderately high intake compared to a low intake of zinc depresses magnesium balance and alters indices of bone turnover in postmenopausal women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58:703-710.III 1 BORON-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2004. Boron. In: Merian, E., Anke, M., Ihnat, M., Stoeppler, M., editors. Elements and Their Compounds in the Environment: Occurrence, Analysis and Biological Relevance, Volume 3, Nonmetals, Particular Aspects. 2nd Edition. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH. p. 1251-1260.BORON DEFICIENCY ALTERS PLATELET AGGREGATION DIFFERENTLY THAN REPLACING PALM OIL WITH CANOLA OIL IN THE DIET OF RATS-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2003. Boron deficiency alters platelet aggregation differently than replacing palm oil with canola oil in the diet of rats [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 17:A707.SILICON DEFICIENCY AFFECTS URINARY INDICATORS OF BONE BREAKDOWN DIFFERENTLY IN OVARIECTOMIZED AND OVARY-INTACT RATS-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2003. Silicon deficiency affects urinary indicators of bone breakdown differently in overiectomized and ovary-intact rats [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 17:A706.HIGH DIETARY FRUCTOSE COMPARED TO STARCH DOES NOT HEIGHTEN CHANGES IN      COPPER ABSORPTION, RETENTION OR STATUS INDICATORS IN MEN FED LOW DIETARY   COPPER-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Milne, D.B., Nielsen, F.H. 2003. High dietary fructose compared with corn starch does not heighten changes in copper absorption, retention or status indicators in men fed low dietary dietary copper. Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine. 16:27-38.SILICON NUTRITION AFFECTS URINARY AND PLASMA INDICATORS OF BONE AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE METABOLISM-(Proceedings) Nielsen, F.H. 2002. Silicon nutrition affects urinary and plasma indicators of bone and connective tissue metabolism. In: Anke, M., Muller, R., Schafer, U., Stoeppler, M., editors. Macro and Trace Elements. Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany, October 18-19, 2002. Leipzig, Germany:Schubert-Verlag. p.1231-1237.DOES BORON HAVE AN ESSENTIAL FUNCTION SIMILAR TO AN OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID FUNCTION?-(Proceedings) Nielsen, F.H. 2002. Does boron have an essential function similar to an omega-3 fatty acid function? In: Anke, M., Muller, R., Schafer, U., Stoeppler, M., editors. Macro and Trace Elements. Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany, October 18-19-2002. Leipzig, Germany:Schubert-Verlag. p.1238-1250.NICKEL DEFICIENCY DIMINISHES SPERM QUANTITY AND MOVEMENT IN RATS-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Yokoi, K., Uthus, E.O., Nielsen, F.H. 2003. Nickel deficiency diminishes sperm quantity and movement in rats. Biological Trace Element Research 93(1):141-154.SILICON DEPRIVATION AND ARGININE AND CYSTEINE SUPPLEMENTATION AFFECT BONE  COLLAGEN AND BONE AND PLASMA TRACE MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS IN RATS-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Seaborn, C.D., Nielsen, F.H. 2002. Silicon deprivation and arginine and cysteine supplementation affect bone collagen and bone and plasma trace mineral concentrations in rats. Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine. 15(3):113-122.THE NUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE AND PHARMACOLOGIC POTENTIAL OF BORON FOR HIGHER ANIMALS AND HUMANS-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2002. The nutritional importance and pharmacologic potential of boron for higher animals and humans. In: Goldbach, H.E., editor. Boron Plant and Animal Nutrition. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers:The Netherlands. p. 37-49.DIETARY BORON ALTERS THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF DIETARY OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ON GROWTH AND BONE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF F1 GENERATION RATS-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2003. Dietary boron alters the effect of different amounts of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on growth and bone physical characteristics of F1 generation rats. Journal of Nutrition. v.133(5S-1). p.231E.THE ESSENTIAL USE OF NICKEL AFFECTS PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS REGULATED BY THE CYCLIC-GMP SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION SYSTEM-(Proceedings) Yokoi, K., Uthus, E.O., Nielsen, F.H. 2002. The essential use of nickel affects physiological functions regulated by the cyclic-GMP signal transduction system. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia, May 5-9, 2002.TRACE ELEMENTS-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2003. Trace elements. Book Chapter. In: Katz, S.H., Weaver, W.W., editors. Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 410-415.SILICON DEPRIVATION DECREASES COLLAGEN FORMATION IN WOUNDS AND BONE, AND ORNITHINE TRANSMINASE ENZYME ACTIVITY IN LIVER-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Seaborn, C.D., Nielsen, F.H. 2002. Silicon deprivation decreases collagen formation in wounds and bone, and ornithine transaminase enzyme activity in liver. Biological Trace Element Research. v.89.p.251-261.DIETARY MAGNESIUM DEPLETION AFFECTS METABOLIC RESPONSES DURING SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Lukaski, H.C., Nielsen, F.H. 2002. Dietary magnesium depletion affects metabolic responses during submaximal exercise in postmenopausal women. Journal of Nutrition. 132:930-935.THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF NICKEL AFFECTS PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS REGULATED BY  THE CYCLIC-GMP TRANSDUCTION SYSTEM-(Abstract Only) Yokoi, K., Uthus, E.O., Nielsen, F.H. 2002. The essential role of nickel affects physiological functions regulated by the cyclic-GMP transduction system [abstract]. Presented at the 7th International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia, May 5-9, 2002.DIETARY SILICON AND ARGININE AFFECT MINERAL ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF RAT     FEMUR AND VERTEBRA-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Seaborn, C.D., Nielsen, F.H. 2002. Dietary silicon and arginine affect mineral element composition of rat femur and vertebra. Biological Trace Element Research. 89(3):239-250.DIETARY BORON ALTERS BLOOD CELLULAR COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS AND CHOLESTEROL RESPONSES OF RATS TO DIFFERENCES IN THE OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID CONTENT OF THE DIET-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2002. Dietary boron alters blood cellular composition and characteristics and cholesterol responses of rats to differences in the omega-3 fatty acid content of the diet [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 16:A995.AN INTERACTION BETWEEN DIETARY SILICON AND ARGININE AFFECTS IMMUNE FUNCTIONINDICATED BY CON-A INDUCED DNA SYNTHESIS OF RAT SPLENIC T-LYMPHOCYTES-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Seaborn, C.D., Briske-Anderson, M., Nielsen, F.H. 2002. An interaction between dietary silicon and arginine affects immune function indicated by Con-A induced DNA synthesis of rat splenic T-lymphocytes. Biological Trace Element Research. 87(1-3):133-142.DETERMINATION OF A HUMAN ACUTE NO-OBSERVED-EFFECT LEVEL (NOAEL) FOR COPPER IN BOTTLED DRINKING WATER: VOLUME, DOSE AND CONCENTRATION CONSIDERATIONS-(Abstract Only) Poirier, K.A., Araya, M., Klevay, L.M., Nielsen, F.H., Johnson, L., Strain, J.J., Robson, P., Chen, B.H., Wei, S., Zhu, H.G., Baker, S.R. 2002. Determination of a human acute no-observed-effect level (NOAEL) for copper in bottled drinking water: volume, dose and concentration considerations [abstract]. The Toxicologist. 66:102.CHROMIUM - 40 YEARS OF NUTRITIONAL CONTROVERSY CONTINUES-(Other) Nielsen, F.H. 2002. Chromium - 40 years of nutritional controversy continues. In: Wardlaw, G.M., Kessel, M.S., editors. Perspectives in Nutrition, Fifth Edition. New York, NY:McGraw Hill. p.504-505.ZINC DEPRIVATION ALTERS VARIABLES OF OXIDATIVE METABOLISM AND BONE TURNOVER, WITH SOME ALTERATIONS MODIFIED BY DIETARY COPPER, IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H., Milne, D.B., Klevay, L.M., Davis, C.D. 2001. Zinc deprivation alters variables of oxidative metabolism and bone turnover, with some alterations modified by dietary copper, in postmenopausal women [abstract]. Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine. v.14. p.286-287.LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF BORON SUPPLEMENTATION ON REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS AND BONE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN GILTS-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Armstrong, T.A., Flowers, W.L., Spears, J.W., Nielsen, F.H. 2002. Long-term effects of boron supplementation on reproductive characteristics and bone mechanical properties in gilts. Journal of Animal Science. 80:154-161.THE EMERGENCE OF BORON, NICKEL, SILICON, VANADIUM AND ARSENIC AS ELEMENTS  OF NUTRITIONAL RELEVANCE-(Proceedings) Nielsen, F.H. 2001. The emergence of boron, nickel, silicon, vanadium and arsenic as elements of nutritional relevance. In: Antoniades, N., Schrauzer, G.N., Renard, N., Wozniak, J., editors. Trace Elements in Nutrition, Health and Disease. First International Bio-Minerals Symposium, April 19-21, 2001. Montreal, QC:Institut Rosell.THE DETERMINATION OF A HUMAN ACUTE NO OBSERVED ADVERSE EFFECT LEVEL (NOAEL) FOR COPPER-(Abstract Only) Poirier, C.A., Chen, B.H., Zhu, H.G., Shi, W., Araya, M., Johnson, L., Klevay, L.M., Nielsen, F.H., Robson, P., Strain, S. 2001. The determination of a human acute no observed adverse effect level [NOAEL] for copper: effects of volume and dose [abstract]. Society for Risk Analysis 2001 Final Program. Risk Analysis in an Interconnected World. p.81.THE EMERGENCE OF BORON, NICKEL, SILICON, VANADIUM AND ARSENIC AS ELEMENTS  OF NUTRITIONAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2001. The emergence of boron, nickel, silicon, vanadium and arsenic as elements of nutritional and pharmacological relevance. First International Bio-Minerals Symposium: Trace Elements in Nutrition, Health and Disease Book of Abstracts. Section 3. Salt Lake City, UT. April 20, 2001.THE NUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE OF BORON THROUGHOUT THE LIFE CYCLE OF HIGHER    ANIMALS AND HUMANS-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H. 2001. The nutritional importance of boron throughout the life cycle of higher animals and humans. Boron 2001 Book of Abstracts. p.33. Bonn, Germany, July 24, 2001.LOW DIETARY ZINC ALTERS INDICES OF COPPER FUNCTION AND STATUS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN-(Review Article) Nielsen, F.H., Milne, D.B., Davis, C.D. 2001. Low dietary zinc alters indices of copper function and status in postmenopausal women. Nutrition. 17(9):701-708.USE OF BIOIMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY TO ESTIMATE BODY WATER DISTRIBUTION IN RATS FED HIGH DIETARY SULFUR AMINO ACID-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Yokoi, K., Lukaski, H.C., Uthus, E.O., Nielsen, F.H. 2001. Use of bioimpedance spectroscopy to estimate body water distribution in rats fed high dietary sulfur amino acids. Journal of Nutrition. 131:1302-1308.DETERMINATION OF AN ACUTE NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT-LEVEL (NOAEL) FOR     COPPER IN WATER-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Araya, M., McGoldrick, M.C., Klevay, L.M., Strain, J.J., Robson, P., Nielsen, F.H., Olivares, M., Pizarro, F., Baker, S.R., Poirier, K.A. 2001. Determination of an acute no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for copper in water. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 34:137-145.NICKEL DEFICIENCY INDUCES RENAL DAMAGE AND HYPERTENSION IN RATS WHICH IS AUGMENTED BY SODIUM CHLORIDE-(Abstract Only) Yokoi, K., Uthus, E.O., Nielsen, F.H. 2001. Nickel deficiency induces renal damage and hypertension in rats which is augmented by sodium chloride [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 15:A973.DIETARY NICKEL DEPRIVATION DECREASES SPERM MOTILITY AND EVOKES HYPERTENSION IN RATS-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H., Uthus, E.O., Yokoi, K. 2001. Dietary nickel deprivation decreases sperm motility and evokes hypertension in rats [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 15:A972.LEAD, SILICON AND THEIR INTERACTION AFFECT BONE COMPOSITION-(Abstract Only) Fohrman, K.K., Seaborn, C.D., Nielsen, F.H. 2001. Lead, silicon and their interaction affect bone composition [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 15:A972.CYSTEINE, SILICON, AND THEIR INTERACTION AFFECT BONE COMPOSITION IN THE RAT-(Abstract Only) Seaborn, C.D., Nielsen, F.H. 2001. Cysteine, silicon, and their interaction affect bone composition in the rat [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 15:A972.DIETARY SULFUR AMINO ACIDS AND NICKEL DEPRIVATION AFFECT THE DISTRIBUTION  OF VITAMIN B6 VITAMERS IN RATS-(Abstract Only) Yokoi, K., Uthus, E.O., Nielsen, F.H. 2001. Dietary sulfur amino acids and nickel deprivation affect the distribution of vitamin B6 vitamers in rats [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 15:A973.BORON, MANGANESE, MOLYBDENUM AND OTHER TRACE ELEMENTS-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2001. Boron, manganese, molybdenum and other trace elements. In: Bowman, B.A., Russell, R.M., editors. Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Eighth Edition. Washington DC:ILSI Press. p.384-400.BORON SUPPLEMENTATION TO A SEMI-PURIFIED DIET FOR WEANLING PIGS IMPROVES   FEED EFFICIENCY AND BONE STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS AND ALTERS PLASMA LIPID  METABOLITES-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Armstrong, T.A., Spears, J.W., Crenshaw, T.D., Nielsen, F.H. 2000. Boron supplementation of a semi-purified diet for weanling pigs improves feed efficiency and bone strength characteristics adn alters plasma lipid metabolites. Journal of Nutrition. 130:2575-2581.MARGINAL DIETARY PYRIDOXINE AND SUPPLEMENTAL DIETARY HOMOCYSTINE AND METHIONINE AFFECT THE RESPONSE OF THE RAT TO NICKEL DEPRIVATION-(Proceedings) Nielsen, F.H., Yokoi, K., Uthus, E.O. 2000. Marginal dietary pyridoxine and supplemental dietary homocystine and methionine affect the response of the rat to nickel deprivation. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico, May 7-10, 2000. 6:524-527.SELENIUM STATUS AFFECTS ARSENIC DEPRIVATION IN RATS-(Proceedings) Uthus, E.O., Gao, J., Finley, J.W., Davis, C.D., Nielsen, F.H. 2000. Selenium status affects arsenic deprivation in rats. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico, May 7-10, 2002. 6:254-256.MALAPROPOS RISK ASSESSMENT OF SOME SUPPOSEDLY HAZARDOUS MINERAL ELEMENTS COULD HAVE DETRIMENTAL ECONOMIC AND HEALTH CONSEQUENCES-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H., Uthus, E.O., Gao, J., Yokoi, K. 2000. Malapropos risk assessment of some supposedly hazardous mineral elements could have detrimental economic and health consequences [abstract]. 32nd Great Lakes 2000 Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society Abstracts of Presentations. p.17.LOW DIETARY ZINC AND COPPER NEGATIVELY AFFECT PLASMA AND URINE INDICATORS  OF BONE HEALTH-(Proceedings) Nielsen, F.H., Davis, C.D., Milne, D.B. 2000. Low dietary zinc and copper negatively affect plasma and urine. Proceedings of North Dakota Academy of Science. v.54. p. 39.EVOLUTIONARY EVENTS CULMINATING IN SPECIFIC MINERALS BECOMING ESSENTIAL    FOR LIFE-(Review Article) Nielsen, F.H. 2000. Evolutionary events culminating in specific minerals becoming essential for life. European Journal of Nutrition. 39(2):62-66.SUPPLEMENTAL SULFUR AMINO ACIDS (SAA) AFFECT PYRIDOXINE METABOLISM-(Abstract Only) Yokoi, K., Uthus, E.O., Nielsen, F.H. 2000. Supplemental sulfur amino acids (SAA) affect pyridoxine metabolism [abstract]. 32nd Great Lakes 2000 Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society Abstracts of Presentations. p.17.DETERMINATION OF A HUMAN ACUTE NO OBSERVED ADVERSE EFFECT LEVEL (NOAEL) FOR COPPER-(Abstract Only) Poirier, K.A., Araya, M., Klevay, L.M., Strain, J.J., Nielsen, F.H., Robson, P., McGoldrick, M.C., Baker, S.B. 2000. Determination of a human acute no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for copper [abstract]. The Toxicologist (Suppl). 54:73.TRACE ELEMENTS (MS 1204)-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2003. Trace elements. Book Chapter. In: Caballero, B., Trugo, L., Finglas, P., editors. Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2nd edition. London, England: Academic Press. p. 5820-5828.TRACE MINERAL DEFICIENCIES-(Book / Chapter) Nielsen, F.H. 2002. Trace mineral deficiencies. In: Berdanier, C.D., editor. CRC Handbook of Nutrition and Foods. Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press. p.1463-1487.MARGINAL DIETARY PYRIDOXINE AND SUPPLEMENTAL DIETARY HOMOCYSTINE AFFECT THE RESPONSE OF THE RAT TO NICKEL DEPRIVATION-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H., Yokoi, K., Uthus, E.O. 2000. Marginal dietary pyridoxine and supplemental dietary homocystine affect the response of the rat to nickel deprivation [abstract]. 6th International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine Scientific Program and Book of Abstracts, San Juan, Puerto Rico, May 7-10, 2000, p.202.SELENIUM STATUS AFFECTS ARSENIC DEPRIVATION IN RATS-(Abstract Only) Uthus, E.O., Gao, J., Finley, J.W., Davis, C.D., Nielsen, F.H. 2000. Selenium status affects arsenic deprivation in rats [abstract]. 6th International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine. Scientific Program and Book of Abstracts. p.133.THE EMERGENCE OF BORON AS NUTRITIONALLY IMPORTANT THROUGHOUT THE LIFE      CYCLE-(Review Article) Nielsen, F.H. 2000. The emergence of boron as nutritionally important throughout the life cycle. Nutrition. 16(7-8):512-514.DIETARY HOMOCYSTINE INDUCES RENAL DAMAGE IN RATS-(Abstract Only) Yokoi, K., Uthus, E.O., Nielsen, F.H. 2000. Dietary homocystine induces renal damage in rats [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 14:A796.DIETARY NICKEL ALTERS THE RESPONSE OF RATS TO DEFICIENT DIETARY PYRIDOXINE, AND TO HIGH DIETARY HOMOCYSTINE OR METHIONINE-(Abstract Only) Nielsen, F.H., Yokoi, K., Uthus, E.O. 2000. Dietary nickel alters the response of rats to deficient dietary pyridoxine, and to high dietary homocystine or methionine [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 14:A539.STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF COPPER STATUS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN-(Abstract Only) Zaslavsky, B.G., Milne, D.B., Nielsen, F.H., Uthus, E.O. 2000. Statistical assessment of copper status in postmenopausal women [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 14:A221.ESTIMATION OF BODY WATER BY BIOIMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY (BIS) IN RATS FED    METHIONINE OR HOMOCYSTINE-(Abstract Only) Yokoi, K., Hall, C.B., Lukaski, H.C., Uthus, E.O., Nielsen, F.H. 2000. Estimation of body water by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) in rats fed methionine or homocystine [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 14:A497.BORON AFFECTS GROWTH AND SERUM METABOLITES, BUT NOT REPRODUCTIVE           CHARACTERISTICS IN SWINE-(Abstract Only) Armstrong, T.A., Spears, J.W., Flowers, W.L., Nielsen, F.H. 2000. Boron affects growth and serum metabolites, but not reproductive characteristics in swine [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 14:A478.THE INTERACTION BETWEEN DIETARY FRUCTOSE AND MAGNESIUM ADVERSELY AFFECTS MACROMINERAL HOMEOSTASIS IN MEN-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Milne, D.B., Nielsen, F.H. 2000. The interaction between dietary fructose and magnesium adversely affects macromineral homeostasis in men. 19:31-37.CHANGES IN DIETARY ZINC AND COPPER AFFECT ZINC STATUS INDICATORS OF POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN, NOTABLY, EXTRACELLULAR SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE AND AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEINS-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Davis, C.D., Milne, D.B., Nielsen, F.H. 2000. Changes in dietary zinc and copper affect zinc status indicators of postmenopausal women, notably, extracellular superoxide dismutase and amyloid precursor proteins. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 71:781-788.BORON SUPPLEMENTATION OF PERI-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN AFFECTS BORON METABOLISM,   AND INDICES ASSOCIATED WITH MACROMINERAL METABOLISM, HORMONAL STATUS AND   IMMUNE FUNCTION-(Peer Reviewed Journal)ADVANCES IN BORON ESSENTIALITY RESEARCH:  SYMPOSIUM SUMMARY-(Review Article) Coughlin, J.R., Nielsen, F.H. 1999. Advances in boron essentiality research: Symposium summary. In: Abdulla, M., Bost, M., Gamon, S., Arnaud, P., Chazot, G., editors. Vth Conference of the International Society for Trace Element Research in Humans Proceedings. Bedford, UK:LSL Press. p.33-41.THE DOGGED PATH TO ACCEPTANCE OF BORON AS A NUTRITIONALLY IMPORTANT        MINERAL ELEMENT-(Abstract Only)PREDOMINANT PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS INTHE RESPONSE OF RATS TO CHANGES IN     DIETARY VANADIUM-(Proceedings)THE BALDERDASH AND REALITIES OF HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE CLAIMS FOR          SUPPLEMENTS AS EXEMPLIFIED BY CALCIUM, CHROMIUM AND VANADIUM-(Proceedings)CALCIUM BALANCE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH DIETARY CALCIUM INTAKES       BETWEEN 650 AND 850 MG/DAY-(Abstract Only)ULTRATRACE ELEMENTS PHYSIOLOGY (306)-(Book / Chapter)ULTRATRACE ELEMENTS IN NUTRITION: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND SPECULATION-(Proceedings)THE ULTRATRACE ELEMENTS-(Book / Chapter)CHROMIUM - CHARLATAN'S DELIGHT OR NUTRITIONIST'S CONCERN?-(Other)EXTRACELLULAR SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY: A PROMISING INDICATOR OF ZINC STATUS IN HUMANS-(Abstract Only)MANGANESE DEPRIVATION IS NOT A PROPITIOUS STRESSOR OF BORON METABOLISM OR  NUTRITION-(Abstract Only)DIETARY MAGNESIUM AND FRUCTOSE AFFECT MICROMINERAL METABOLISM IN MEN-(Abstract Only)THE NUTRITIONAL ESSENTIALITY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL METABOLISM OF VANADIUM IN   HIGHER ANIMALS-(Proceedings)THE JUSTIFICATION FOR PROVIDING DIETARY GUIDANCE FOR THE NUTRITIONAL       INTAKE OF BORON-(Abstract Only)DIETARY FRUCTOSE AND MAGNESIUM AFFECT MACROMINERAL METABOLISM IN MEN-(Other)NUTRITIONAL STRESSORS OF ARGININE AND METHIONINE METABOLISM, INCLUDING ZINCDEPRIVATION, AFFECT THE RESPONSE TO ARSENIC DEPRIVATION-(Abstract Only)PLATELET CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE AS AN INDICATOR OF COPPER STATUS-(Abstract Only)BORON IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL NUTRITION-(Book / Chapter)EFFECT OF DIETARY MAGNESIUM (MG) AND COPPER (CU) ON INDICATORS OF CU AND MGSTATUS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN-(Abstract Only)WORK INEFFICIENCY IN DIET-INDUCED MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY IN POSTMENOPAUSAL   WOMEN-(Abstract Only)VANADIUM DEPRIVATION ALTERS THE CHANGES IN PLASMA THYROID HORMONE,         PANCREATIC AMYLASE, AND SERUM LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE CONCENTRATIONS IN THE  BB RAT CAUSED BY INCREASING DIETARY IODINE-(Abstract Only)MINERAL ELEMENTS AS PHYTONUTRIENTS OR AS COMPONENTS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS THAT ARE PROTECTIVE AGAINST DEGENERATIVE DISEASE AND CANCER-(Abstract Only)CONTROVERSIAL CHROMIUM: DOES THE SUPERSTAR MINERAL OF THE MOUNTEBANKS      RECEIVE APPROPRIATE ATTENTION FROM CLINICIANS AND NUTRITIONISTS?-(Review Article)BORON - A PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ELEMENT WITH BENEFICIAL OR ESSENTIAL      ACTIONS IN HUMANS-(Proceedings)EVIDENCE FOR THE NUTRITIONAL ESSENTIALITY OF BORON-(Proceedings)FOREWORD FOR WORKSHOP "NEW APPROACHES, ENDPOINTS AND PARADIGMS FOR RDAS OF MINERAL ELEMENTS"-(Other)HOW SHOULD DIETARY GUIDANCE BY GIVEN FOR MINERAL ELEMENTS WITH BENEFICIAL  ACTIONS OR SUSPECTED OF BEING ESSENTIAL?-(Peer Reviewed Journal)CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM REQUIREMENTS ARE AFFECTED BY TRACE ELEMENT NUTRITURE-(Abstract Only)BEYOND COPPER, IODINE, IRON, SELENIUM AND ZINC: OTHER ELEMENTS THAT WILL BEFOUND IMPORTANT IN HUMAN NUTRITION BY THE YEAR 2000-(Proceedings)DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AMOUNTS OF BORON INCREASES PLASMA AND URINARY BORON OF PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN-(Proceedings)DIETARY SILICON AFFECTS SOME COLLAGEN SYNTHESIZING ENZYMES IN RATS-(Abstract Only)BEYOND COPPER, IODINE, IRON, SELENIUM AND ZINC: OTHER ELEMENTS OF          IMPORTANCE IN HUMAN NUTRITION-(Abstract Only)MANGANESE NUTRITURE AFFECTS CHANGES IN BONE MINERAL ELEMENT COMPOSITION    INDUCED BY BORON DEPRIVATION-(Abstract Only)EFFECTS OF COPPER DEPRIVATION ON POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN-(Peer Reviewed Journal)COPPER STATUS AFFECTS THE RESPONSE TO MAGNESIUM DEPRIVATION AND MAGNESIUM  NUTRITURE AFFECTS THE COPPER REQUIREMENT OF POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN-(Abstract Only)HOW SHOULD DIETARY GUIDANCE BE GIVEN FOR MINERAL ELEMENTS WITH BENEFICIAL  ACTIONS OR SUSPECTED OF BEING ESSENTIAL?-(Abstract Only)


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