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ARS Home Pacific West Area Pullman, Washington Animal Disease Research People & Locations







Carlos E Suarez
                        Animal Disease Research

                        




                        
                        Research Molecular Biologist
                        Phone: (509) 335-6341
                        
                        
                        Fax: (509) 335-8328(Employee information on this page comes from the REE Directory. Please contact your front office staff to update the REE Directory.)
                            ProjectsControl Strategies for Bovine Babesiosis
                                                    In-House Appropriated
                                                                    (D)Accession Number: 441168Targeting Subdominant Rhoptry-associated Proteins of Babesia Bovis in a Subunit Vaccine to Protect Cattle Against Bovine Babesiosis
                                                    Interagency Reimbursable Agreement
                                                                    (I)Accession Number: 438493Testing Drug Therapies to Control Babesia Infection and/or Severe Acute Babesiosis
                                                    Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement
                                                                    (S)Accession Number: 443974**Publications**
                                                (Clicking on the reprint icon
                                                    Reprint Icon
                                                    will take you to the publication reprint.)Biochemical analysis of Hyalomma dromedarii salivary glands and gut tissues using SR-FTIR micro-spectroscopy
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hendaway, S.H., Alzan, H.F., Abdel-Ghany, H.S., Suarez, C.E., Kamel, G. 2024. Biochemical analysis of Hyalomma dromedarii salivary glands and gut tissues using SR-FTIR micro-spectroscopy. Scientific Reports. (14):8515. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59165-6.Experimental infection of non-immunosuppressed and immunosuppressed goats reveals differential pathogenesis of Babesia aktasi n. sp.
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Ozubek, S., Ulucesme, M.C., Bastos, R.G., Alzan, H.F., Laughery, J.M., Suarez, C.E., Aktas, M. 2023. Experimental infection of non-immunosuppressed and immunosuppressed goats reveals differential pathogenesis of Babesia aktasi n. sp. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1277956.First report of an outbreak of “Q” fever in an abattoir from Argentina
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Cardillo, N.M., Bastos, R.G., Garcia, A., Perez, R., Garcia, E., Lloveras, S., Suarez, C.E. 2023. First report of an outbreak of “Q” fever in an  abattoir from Argentina. Zoonoses and Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13077.Vaccination with an in vitro culture attenuated Babesia bovis strain safely protects highly susceptible adult cattle against acute bovine babesiosis
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Bastos, R.G., Capelli-Peixoto, J., Laughery, J.M., Suarez, C.E., Ueti, M.W. 2023. Vaccination with an in vitro culture attenuated Babesia bovis strain safely protects highly susceptible adult cattle against acute bovine babesiosis. Frontiers in Immunology. 14. Article 1219913. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1219913.Degrade to survive: The intricate world of piroplasmid proteases
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Florin-Christensen, M., Sojka, D., Ganzinelli, S., Šnebergerová, P., Suarez, C.E., Schnittger, L. 2023. Degrade to survive: The intricate world of piroplasmid proteases. Trends in Parasitology. 39(7):532-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2023.04.010.Cross-sectional analysis of Piroplasma species-infecting camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Egypt using a multipronged molecular diagnostic approach
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mahdy, O.A., Nassar, A.M., Elsawy, B.S., Alzan, H.F., Kandil, O.M., Mahmoud, M.S., Suarez, C.E. 2023. Cross-sectional analysis of Piroplasma species-infecting camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Egypt using a multipronged molecular diagnostic approach. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 10. Article 1178511. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1178511.Identification of novel immune correlates of protection against acute bovine babesiosis by superinfecting cattle with in vitro culture attenuated and virulent Babesia bovis strains
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Bastos, R.G., Laughery, J.M., Ozubek, S., Alzan, H.F., Taus, N.S., Ueti, M.W., Suarez, C.E. 2022. Identification of novel immune correlates of protection against acute bovine babesiosis by superinfecting cattle with in vitro culture attenuated and virulent Babesia bovis strains. Frontiers in Immunology. 13. Article 1045608. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1045608.A transfected Babesia bovis parasite line expressing eGFP is able to complete the full life cycle of the parasite in mammalian and tick hosts
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Johnson, W.C., Hussein, H.E., Capelli-Peixoto, J., Laughery, J.M., Taus, N.S., Suarez, C.E., Ueti, M.W. 2022. A transfected Babesia bovis parasite line expressing eGFP is able to complete the full life cycle of the parasite in mammalian and tick hosts. Pathogens. 11(6). Article 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11060623.Theileria equi RAP-1a and RAP-1b proteins contain immunoreactive epitopes and are suitable candidates for vaccine and diagnostics development
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Onzere, C.K., Fry, L.M., Bishop, R.P., Da Silva, M., Madsen-Bouterse, S.A., Bastos, R.G., Knowles, D.P., Suarez, C.E. 2022. Theileria equi RAP-1a and RAP-1b proteins contain immunoreactive epitopes and are suitable candidates for vaccine and diagnostics development. International Journal for Parasitology. 52(6):385-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.01.004.Lactate dehydrogenase as a potential therapeutic drug target to control Babesia bigemina
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)He, L., Bastos, R.G., Yu, L., Laughery, J.M., Suarez, C.E. 2022. Lactate dehydrogenase as a potential therapeutic drug target to control Babesia bigemina. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 12. Article 870852. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.870852.Unraveling the complexity of the rhomboid serine protease 4 family of Babesia bovis by bioinformatics and experimental studies
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Gallenti, R., Hussein, H.E., Alzan, H.F., Suarez, C.E., Ueti, M.W., Asurmendi, S., Benitez, D., Araujo, F.R., Rolls, P., Sibeko-Matjila, K., Schnittger, L., Florin-Christensen, M. 2022. Unraveling the complexity of the rhomboid serine protease 4 family of Babesia bovis by bioinformatics and experimental studies. Pathogens. 11(3) Article 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11030344.A culture-adapted strain of Babesia bovis has reduced subpopulation complexity and is unable to complete its natural life cycle in ticks
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Alzan, H.F., Bastos, R.G., Laughery, J.M., Scoles, G.A., Ueti, M.W., Johnson, W.C., Suarez, C.E. 2022. A culture-adapted strain of Babesia bovis has reduced subpopulation complexity and is unable to complete its natural life cycle in ticks. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 12. Article 827347. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.827347.Babesia bovis AMA-1, MSA-2c and RAP-1 contain conserved B and T-cell epitopes, which generate neutralizing antibodies and a long-lasting Th1 immune response in vaccinated cattle
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hidalgo-Ruiz, M., Mejia-López, S., Perez-Serrano, R.M., Zaldívar-Lelo de Larrea, R., Ganzinelli, S., Florin-Christensen, M., Suarez, C.E., Hernández-Ortiz, R., Mercado-Uriostegui, M.A., Rodríguez-Torres, A., Carvajal-Gamez, B.I., Camacho-Nuez, M., Wilkowsky, S.E., Mosqueda, J. 2022. Babesia bovis AMA-1, MSA-2c and RAP-1 contain conserved B and T-cell epitopes, which generate neutralizing antibodies and a long-lasting Th1 immune response in vaccinated cattle. Vaccine. 40(8):1108-1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.023.Identification of CCp5 and FNPA as novel non-canonical members of the CCp protein family in Babesia bovis
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Ozubek, S., Alzan, H.F., Bastos, R.G., Laughery, J.M., Suarez, C.E. 2022. Identification of CCp5 and FNPA as novel non-canonical members of the CCp protein family in Babesia bovis. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 9. Article 833183. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.833183.Harnessing Mycobacterium bovis BCG trained immunity to control human and bovine babesiosis
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Bastos, R.G., Alzan, H.F., Rathinasamy, V.A., Cooke, B.M., Dellagostin, O.A., Barletta, R.G., Suarez, C.E. 2022. Harnessing Mycobacterium bovis BCG trained immunity to control human and bovine babesiosis. Vaccines. 10(1). Article 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010123.In silico survey and characterization of Babesia microti functional and non-functional proteases
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Florin-Christensen, M., Wieser, S.N., Suarez, C.E., Schnittger, L. 2021. In silico survey and characterization of Babesia microti functional and non-functional proteases. Pathogens. 10(11). Article 1457. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111457.Babesia microti immunoreactive rhoptry-associated protein-1 paralogs are ancestral members of the piroplasmid-confined RAP-1 family
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Basto, R.G., Thekkiniath, J., Mamoun, C.B., Fuller, L., Molestina, R.E., Florin-Christensen, M., Schnittger, L., Alzan, H.F., Suarez, C.E. 2021. Babesia microti immunoreactive rhoptry-associated protein-1 paralogs are ancestral members of the piroplasmid-confined RAP-1 family. Pathogens. 10(11). Article 1384. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111384.Babesiosis as a potential threat for bovine production in China
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)He, L., Bastos, R.G., Sun, Y., Hua, G., Guan, G., Zhao, J., Suarez, C.E. 2021. Babesiosis as a potential threat for bovine production in China. Parasites & Vectors. 14. Article 460. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04948-3.Differential expression of calcium-dependent protein kinase 4, tubulin tyrosine ligase, and methyltransferase by xanthurenic acid-induced Babesia bovis sexual stages
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hussein, H.E., Johnson, W.C., Taus, N.S., Capelli-Peixoto, J., Suarez, C.E., Mousel, M.R., Ueti, M.W. 2021. Differential expression of calcium-dependent protein kinase 4, tubulin tyrosine ligase, and methyltransferase by xanthurenic acid-induced Babesia bovis sexual stages. Parasites & Vectors. 14. Article 395. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04902-3.Theileria equi claudin like apicomplexan microneme protein contains neutralization-sensitive epitopes and interacts with components of the equine erythrocyte membrane skeleton
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Onzere, C.K., Fry, L.M., Bishop, R.P., Silva, M.G., Bastos, R.G., Knowles, D.P., Suarez, C.E. 2021. Theileria equi claudin like apicomplexan microneme protein contains neutralization-sensitive epitopes and interacts with components of the equine erythrocyte membrane skeleton. Scientific Reports. 11. Article 9301. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88902-4.Assessment of Babesia bovis 6cys A and 6cys B as components of transmission blocking vaccines for babesiosis
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Alzan, H.F., Bastos, R.G., Ueti, M.W., Laughery, J.M., Rathinasamy, V.A., Cooke, B.M., Suarez, C.E. 2021. Assessment of Babesia bovis 6cys A and 6cys B as components of transmission blocking vaccines for babesiosis. Parasites & Vectors. 14. Article 210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04712-7.Pursuing effective vaccines against cattle diseases caused by apicomplexan protozoa
                                                        

- (Review Article)Florin-Christensen, M., Schnittger, L., Bastos, R.G., Rathinasamy, V.A., Cooke, B.M., Alzan, H.F., Suarez, C.E. 2021. Pursuing effective vaccines against cattle diseases caused by apicomplexan protozoa. CABI Agriculture and Bioscience (CABI A&B). https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR202116024.Experimental infection of calves with transfected attenuated Babesia bovis expressing the Rhipicephalus microplus Bm86 antigen and eGFP marker: Preliminary studies towards a dual anti-tick/Babesia vaccine
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mazuz, M.L., Laughery, J.M., Lebovitz, B., Yasur-Landau, D., Rot, A., Bastos, R.G., Edery, N., Fleiderovitz, L., Levi, M.M., Suarez, C.E. 2021. Experimental infection of calves with transfected attenuated Babesia bovis expressing the Rhipicephalus microplus Bm86 antigen and eGFP marker: Preliminary studies towards a dual anti-tick/Babesia vaccine. Pathogens. 10(2). Article 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020135.N-glycosylation in piroplasmids: Diversity within simplicity
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Florin-Christensen, M., Rodriguez, A.E., Suarez, C.E., Ueti, M.W., Delgado, F.O., Echaide, I., Schnittger, L. 2021. N-glycosylation in piroplasmids: Diversity within simplicity. Pathogens. 10(1). Article 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010050.Babesia bovis ligand-receptor interaction: AMA-1 contains small regions governing bovine erythrocyte binding
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Cuy-Chaparro, L., Bohórquez, M.D., Arévalo-Pinzón, G., Castañeda-Ramírez, J.J., Suarez, C.F., Pabon, L., Ordoñez, D., Gallego-López, G.M., Suarez, C.E., Moreno-Pérez, D.A., Patarroyo, M.A. 2021. Babesia bovis ligand-receptor interaction: AMA-1 contains small regions governing bovine erythrocyte binding. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22(2). Article 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020714.Bovine Babesiosis in Turkey: Impact, current gaps and opportunities for intervention
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Ozubek, S., Bastos, R.G., Alzan, H.F., Inci, A., Aktas, M., Suarez, C.E. 2020. Bovine Babesiosis in Turkey: Impact, current gaps and opportunities for intervention. Pathogens. 9(12). Article 1041. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121041.The key to egress? Babesia bovis perforin-like protein 1 (PLP1) with hemolytic capacity is required for blood stage replication and is involved in the exit of the parasite from the host cell.
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Paoletta, M.S., Laughery, J.M., Arias, L.S.L., Ortiz, J.M.J., Montenegro, V.N., Petrigh, R., Ueti, M.W., Suarez, C.E., Farber, M.D., Wilkowsky, S.E. 2021. The key to egress? Babesia bovis perforin-like protein 1 (PLP1) with hemolytic capacity is required for blood stage replication and is involved in the exit of the parasite from the host cell. International Journal for Parasitology. 51(8):643-658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.12.010.Endochin-like quinolone-300 ELQ-300 and ELQ-316 inhibit Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi and Theileria equi
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Silva, M.G., Bastos, R.G., Stone, D.J., Riscoe, M.K., Pou, S., Winter, R., Dodean, R.A., Nilsen, A., Suarez, C.E. 2020. Endochin-like quinolone-300 and ELQ-316 inhibit Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi and Theileria equi. Parasites & Vectors. 13. Article 606. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04487-3.Transcriptome dataset of Babesia bovis life stages within vertebrate and invertebrate hosts
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Ueti, M.W., Johnson, W.C., Kappmeyer, L.S., Herndon, D.R., Mousel, M.R., Reif, K.E., Taus, N.S., Ifeonu, O.O., Silva, J.C., Suarez, C.E., Brayton, K.A. 2020. Transcriptome dataset of Babesia bovis life stages within vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Data in Brief. 33. Article 106533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106533.Identification and characterization of a Babesia bigemina thrombospondin-related superfamily member, TRAP-1: a novel antigen containing neutralizing epitopes involved in merozoite invasion
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Montenegro, V.N., Paoletta, M.S., Jaramillo Ortiz, J.M., Suarez, C.E., Wilkowsky, S.E. 2020. Identification and characterization of a Babesia bigemina thrombospondin-related superfamily member, TRAP-1: a novel antigen containing neutralizing epitopes involved in merozoite invasion. Parasites & Vectors. 13. Article 602. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04469-5.Comparative analysis of gene expression between Babesia bovis blood stages and kinetes allowed by improved genome annotation.
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Ueti, M.W., Johnson, W.C., Kappmeyer, L.S., Herndon, D.R., Mousel, M.R., Reif, K.E., Taus, N.S., Ifeonu, O.O., Silva, J.C., Suarez, C.E., Brayton, K.A. 2020. Comparative analysis of gene expression between Babesia bovis blood stages and kinetes allowed by improved genome annotation.. International Journal for Parasitology. 51(2-3):123-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.08.006.Identification and antigenicity of the Babesia caballi spherical body protein 4 (SBP4)
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mahmoud, M.S., Kandil, O.M., Abu El-Ezz, N.T., Hendawy, S.H.M., Elsawy, B.S.M., Knowles, D.P., Bastos, R.G., Kappmeyer, L.S., Laughery, J.M., Alzan, H.F., Suarez, C.E. 2020. Identification and antigenicity of the Babesia caballi spherical body protein 4 (SBP4). Parasites & Vectors. 13. Article 369. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04241-9.Vibrational spectroscopic based approach for diagnosing babesia bovis infection
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Rüther, A., Perez-Guaita, D., Poole, W.A., Cooke, B.M., Suarez, C.E., Heraud, P., Wood, B.R. 2020. Vibrational spectroscopic based approach for diagnosing babesia bovis infection. Analytical Chemistry. 92(13):8784-8792. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00150.Babesiosis vaccines: Lessons learned, challenges ahead, and future glimpses
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Rathinasamy, V., Poole, W.A., Bastos, R.G., Suarez, C.E., Cooke, B.M. 2019. Babesiosis vaccines: Lessons learned, challenges ahead, and future glimpses. Trends in Parasitology. 35(8):622-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2019.06.002.Interplay between attenuation-and virulence-factors of Babesia bovis and their contribution to the establishment of persistent infections in cattle
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Gallego-López, G.M., Cooke, B.M., Suarez, C.E. 2019. Interplay between attenuation-and virulence-factors of Babesia bovis and their contribution to the establishment of persistent infections in cattle. Pathogens. 8(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8030097.Identification of proteins expressed by Babesia bigemina kinetes
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Bohaliga, G.A.R., Johnson, W.C., Taus, N.S., Hussein, H.E., Bastos, R.G., Suarez, C.E., Scoles, G.A., Ueti, M.W. 2019. Identification of proteins expressed by Babesia bigemina kinetes. Parasites & Vectors. 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3531-7.Transgenic babesia bovis lacking 6-Cys sexual-stage genes as the foundation for non-transmissible live vaccines against bovine babesiosis
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Alzan, H.F., Cooke, B.M., Suarez, C.E. 2019. Transgenic babesia bovis lacking 6-Cys sexual-stage genes as the foundation for non-transmissible live vaccines against bovine babesiosis. Ticks and Tick Borne Diseases. 10(3):722-728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.01.006.Silencing expression of the Rhipicephalus microplus vitellogenin receptor gene blocks Babesia bovis transmission and interferes with oocyte maturation
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hussein, H.E., Johnson, W.C., Taus, N.S., Suarez, C.E., Scoles, G.A., Ueti, M.W. 2019. Silencing expression of the Rhipicephalus microplus vitellogenin receptor gene blocks Babesia bovis transmission and interferes with oocyte maturation. Parasites & Vectors. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3270-1.Silencing expression of the Rhipicephalus microplus vitellogenin receptor gene blocks Babesia bovis transmission and interferes with oocyte maturation
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hala, H.E., Johnson, W.C., Taus, N.S., Suarez, C.E., Scoles, G.A., Ueti, M.W. 2019. Silencing expression of the Rhipicephalus microplus vitellogenin receptor gene blocks Babesia bovis transmission and interferes with oocyte maturation. Parasites & Vectors. 12(1):7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3270-1.Unraveling the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of bovine babesiosis: is the sky the limit?
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Suarez, C.E., Alzan, A., Silva, M., Rathinasamy, V., Poole, W., Cooke, B. 2019. Unraveling the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of bovine babesiosis: is the sky the limit? International Journal for Parasitology. 49(2):183-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.11.002.Babesia bovis RON2 contains conserved B-cell epitopes that induce an invasion-blocking humoral immune response in immunized cattle.
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Ruiz, M.H., Suarez, C.E., Mercado-Uriostegui, M.A., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., Ramos, J.A., Galindo-Velazco, E., Mosqueda, J. 2018. Babesia bovis RON2 contains conserved B-cell epitopes that induce an invasion-blocking humoral immune response in immunized cattle. International Journal for Parasitology. 11(1):575. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3164-2.Babesia bovis RON2 contains conserved B-cell epitopes that induce an invasion-blocking humoral immune response in immunized cattle
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Ruiz, M.H., Suarez, C.E., Mercado-Uriostequi, M.A., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., Ramos, J.A., Galindo-Velazco, E., Mosqueda, J. 2018. Babesia bovis RON2 contains conserved B-cell epitopes that induce an invasion-blocking humoral immune response in immunized cattle. Parasites & Vectors. 11:575. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3164-2.Up-regulated expression of spherical body protein 2 truncated copy 11 is associated with reduced in vitro endothelial cell cytoadhesion by babesia bovis
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Gallego-Lopez, G., Lau, A., O'Connor, R., Ueti, M.W., Cooke, B., Laughery, J., Graca, T., Madsen-Bouterse, S., Oldiges, D., Suarez, C.E. 2018. Up-regulated expression of spherical body protein 2 truncated copy 11 is associated with reduced in vitro endothelial cell cytoadhesion by babesia bovis. International Journal for Parasitology. 49(2):127-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.05.015.Spherical body protein 2 truncated copy 11 as a specific babesia bovis attenuation marker
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Gallego-Lopez, G., Lau, A., Johnson, W.C., Ueti, M.W., Suarez, C.E. 2018. Spherical body protein 2 truncated copy 11 as a specific babesia bovis attenuation marker. Parasites & Vectors. 11:169. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2782-z.Stable transformation of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis using a single transfection plasmid
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Silva, M.G., Knowles, D.P., Mazuz, M.L., Cooke, B.M., Suarez, C.E. 2018. Stable transformation of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis using a single transfection plasmid. Scientific Reports. 8:6096. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23010-4.Comparisons of the topographic characteristics and electrical charge distributions among Babesia-infected erythrocytes and extraerythrocytic merozoites using AFM
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Scudiero, L., Mercado-Rojano, D.W., Rudolph, A., Wang, J., Laughery, J.M., Suarez, C.E. 2018. Comparisons of the topographic characteristics and electrical charge distributions among Babesia-infected erythrocytes and extraerythrocytic merozoites using AFM. Journal of Microscopy. 271(1):84-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.12697.Comparisons of the topographic characteristics and electrical charge distributions among Babesia-infected erythrocytes and extraerythrocytic merozoites using AFM

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Scudiero, L., Mercado, W.J., Rudolph, A., Wang, J., Laughery, J.M., Suarez, C.E. 2018. Comparisons of the topographic characteristics and electrical charge distributions among Babesia-infected erythrocytes and extraerythrocytic merozoites using AFM. Journal of Microscopy. doi:10.1111/jmi.12697.First detection of diffuse and cerebral theileria equi infection in neonatal filly

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Levi, M.M., Tirosh-Levy, S., Dahan, R., Berlin, D., Steinman, A., Edery, N., Savistsky, I., Lebovich, B., Knowles Jr, D.P., Suarez, C.E. 2017. First detection of diffuse and cerebral theileria equi infection in neonatal filly. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 60:23-28.The babesia bovis hap2 gene is not required for blood stage replication, but expressed upon in vitro sexual stage induction
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hussein, H.E., Bastos, R.G., Schneider, D.A., Johnson, W.C., Adham, F.K., Davis, W.C., Laughery, J.M., Herndon, D.R., Alzan, H.F., Ueti, M.W., Suarez, C.E. 2017. The babesia bovis hap2 gene is not required for blood stage replication, but expressed upon in vitro sexual stage induction. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 11(10):e0005965. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005965.Advances in the application of genetic manipulation methods to apicomplexan parasites
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Suarez, C.E., Bishop, R.P., Alzan, H., Poole, W., Cook, B. 2017. Advances in the application of genetic manipulation methods to apicomplexan parasites. International Journal for Parasitology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.08.002.Geno- and phenotypic characteristics of a transfected babesia bovis 6-Cys-E knockout clonal line

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Alzan, A., Silva, M., Davis, W., Herndon, D.R., Schneider, D.A., Suarez, C.E. 2017. Geno- and phenotypic characteristics of a transfected babesia bovis 6-Cys-E knockout clonal line. Parasites & Vectors. 10(1):214.Inhibition of the in vitro growth of babesia bigemina, babesia caballi and theileria equi parasites by trifluralin analogues

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Silva, M.G., Knowles, D.P., Domingos, A., Esteves, A.M., Antunes, S., Suarez, C.E. 2017. Inhibition of the in vitro growth of babesia bigemina, babesia caballi and theileria equi parasites by trifluralin analogues. Ticks and Tick Borne Diseases. 8(4):593-597.A novel modified-indirect ELISA based on spherical body protein 4 for detecting antibody during acute and long-term infections with diverse babesia bovis strains

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Chungwon, J.C., Suarez, C.E., Bandaranayake-Mudiya, N.L., Bandaranayake-Mudiya, N., Rzepka, J., Heiniger, T.J., Chung, G., Lee, S.S., Adans, E., Yun, G. 2017. A novel modified-indirect ELISA based on spherical body protein 4 for detecting antibody during acute and long-term infections with diverse babesia bovis strains. Parasites & Vectors. 10(1):77.Transfected babesia bovis expressing a tick GST as a live vector vaccine

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Oldiges, D., Laughery, J., Tagliari, N., Leite Filho, R., Davis, W., Da Silva, V.I., Termignoni, C., Knowles, D.P., Suarez, C.E. 2016. Transfected babesia bovis expressing a tick GST as a live vector vaccine. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005152.Identification of interchangeable cross-species function of elongation factor-1 alpha promoters in babesia bigemina and babesia bovis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Suarez, C.E., Knowles, D.P., Sila, M. 2016. Identification of interchangeable cross-species function of elongation factor-1 alpha promoters in babesia bigemina and babesia bovis. Parasites & Vectors. doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1859-9.Expression of 6-Cys gene superfamily defines babesia bovis sexual stage development within rhipicephalus microplus

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Alzan, H.F., Lau, A., Knowles, D.P., Herndon, D.R., Ueti, M.W., Scoles, G.A., Kappmeyer, L.S., Suarez, C.E. 2016. Expression of 6-Cys gene superfamily defines babesia bovis sexual stage development within rhipicephalus microplus. PLoS One. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163791.Comparative bioinformatics analysis of transcription factor genes indicates conservation of key regulatory domains among babesia bovis, babesia microti and theileria equi.

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Alzan, H.F., Knowles, D.P., Suarez, C.E. 2016. Comparative bioinformatics analysis of transcription factor genes indicates conservation of key regulatory domains among babesia bovis, babesia microti and theileria equi. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. doi:1371/journal.pntd.0004983.Insulator-based dielectrophoretic diagnostic tool for Babesiosis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Adekanmbi, E.O., Ueti, M.W., Rinaldi, B., Suarez, C.E., Srivastava, S.K. 2016. Insulator-based dielectrophoretic diagnostic tool for Babesiosis. Biomicrofluidics. doi: 10.1063/1.4954196.Expression of bovine non-classical major histocompatibility complex class 1 proteins in mouse P815 and human K562 cells

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Parasar, P., Wilhelm, A., Rutigliano, H.M., Thomas, A.J., Teng, L., Shi, B., Davis, W.C., Suarez, C.E., New, D.D., White, K.L., Davies, C.J. 2016. Expression of bovine non-classical major histocompatibility complex class 1 proteins in mouse P815 and human K562 cells. Research in Veterinary Science. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.06.004.Assessment of theileria equi and babesia caballi infections in equine populations in Egypt by molecular, serological and hematological approaches

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mahmoud, M.S., Abu El-Ezz, N.T., Abdel-Shafy, S., Nassar, S.A., El Namaky, A.H., Khalil, W.B., Knowles Jr, D.P., Kappmeyer, L.S., Silva, M.G., Suarez, C.E. 2016. Assessment of theileria equi and babesia caballi infections in equine populations in Egypt by molecular, serological and hematological approaches. Parasites & Vectors. doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1539-9.Targeted silencing of the aquaporin 2 gene of rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus reduces tick fitness
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hussein, H.E., Scoles, G.A., Ueti, M.W., Suarez, C.E., Adham, F.K., Guerrero, F., Bastos, R.G. 2015. Targeted silencing of the aquaporin 2 gene of rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus reduces tick fitness. Parasites & Vectors. doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-1226-2.Serological & molecular diagnostic surveys combined with examining hematological profiles suggest increased levels of infection & hematological response of cattle to babesiosis infections compared to native buffaloes in Egypt

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mahmoud, M.S., Kandil, O.M., Nasr, S.M., Hendawy, S.M., Habeeb, S.M., Mabrouk, D.M., Silva, M.G., Suarez, C.E. 2015. Serological & molecular diagnostic surveys combined with examining hematological profiles suggest increased levels of infection & hematological response of cattle to babesiosis infections compared to native buffaloes in Egypt. Parasites & Vectors. doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-0928-9.Transfection of babesia bovis by double selection with WR99210 and blasticidin-S and its application for functional analysis of thioredoxin peroxidase-1

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Asada, M., Yahata, K., Hakimi, H., Yokoyama, N., Igarashi, I., Kaneko, O., Suarez, C.E., Kawazu, S. 2015. Transfection of babesia bovis by double selection with WR99210 and blasticidin-S and its application for functional analysis of thioredoxin peroxidase-1. PLoS One. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125993.Molecular characterization of babesiosis infected cattle: Improvement of diagnosis and profiling of the immune response genes expression

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Abdel, A., Khalil, W., Mahmoud, M., Hasan, N., Mabrouk, D., Suarez, C.E. 2014. Molecular characterization of babesiosis infected cattle: Improvement of diagnosis and profiling of the immune response genes expression. Global Veterinaria. Global Veterinaria 12(2):197-206.Vaccines against bovine babesiosis: where we are now and possible roads ahead

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Florin, C.M., Suarez, C.E., Rodriguez, A.E., Flores, D.A., Schnittger, L. 2014. Vaccines against bovine babesiosis: where we are now and possible roads ahead. Parasitology. doi: 10.1017/S0031182014000961.Targeted surface expression of an exogenous antigen in stably transfected babesia bovis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Laughery, J., Knowles Jr, D.P., Schneider, D.A., Mcelwain, T., Suarez, C.E. 2014. Targeted surface expression of an exogenous antigen in stably transfected babesia bovis. PLoS One. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0097890.The glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein repertoire of babesia bovis and its significance for erythrocyte invasion

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Rodriguez, A., Florin-Christensen, M., Flores, D., Suarez, C.E., Schnittger, L. 2014. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein repertoire of babesia bovis and its significance for erythrocyte invasion. Ticks and Tick Borne Diseases. 5(3):343-348.Differential expression of three members of the multidomain adhesion CCp family in babesia bigemina, babesia bovis and theileria equi

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Bastos, R., Suarez, C.E., Laughery, J., Johnson, W.C., Ueti, M.W., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2013. Differential expression of three members of the multidomain adhesion CCp family in babesia bigemina, babesia bovis and theileria equi. PLoS One. Plos ONE 8(7): e67765.Repertoire of theileria equi antigens bound by equine antibody during persistent phase of infection

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Gomes Da Silva, M., Graca, T., Suarez, C.E., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2013. Repertoire of theileria equi antigens bound by equine antibody during persistent phase of infection. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. 188(2):109-115.Evaluation of the growth-inhibitory effect of trifluralin analogues on in vitro cultured babesia bovis parasites

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Gomes Da Silva, M., Domingos, A., Esteves, M.A., Antunes, S., Cruz, M.M., Suarez, C.E. 2013. Evaluation of the growth-inhibitory effect of trifluralin analogues on in vitro cultured babesia bovis parasites. International Journal for Parasitology. (3):59-68.Comparative genomic analysis and phylogenetic position of Theileria equi
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Kappmeyer, L.S., Thiagarajan, M., Herndon, D.R., Ramsay, J.D., Caler, E., Djikeng, A., Gillespie, J.J., Lau, A.O., Roalson, E.H., Silva, J.C. 2012. Comparative genomic analysis and phylogenetic position of Theileria equi. Biomed Central (BMC) Genomics. BMC Genomics 2012, 13:603.Acute and persistent infection by a transfected Mo7 strain of Babesia bovis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Suarez, C.E., Laughery, J., Schneider, D.A., Sondgeroth, K.S., Mcelwain, T.F. 2012. Acute and persistent infection by a transfected Mo7 strain of Babesia bovis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. 185(1):52-7.Characterization of acyl carrier protein and LytB in Babesia bovis apicoplast

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Caballero, M.C., Pedroni, M.J., Palmer, G.H., Suarez, C.E., Davitt, C., Lau, A.T. 2012. Characterization of acyl carrier protein and LytB in Babesia bovis apicoplast. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. (2):125-33.Expression and strain variation of the novel “Small Open Reading Frame” 3 (smorf) multigene family in Babesia bovis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Ferreri, L.M., Brayton, K.A., Sondergoth, K.S., Lau, A.T., Suarez, C.E., Mcelwain, T.F. 2012. Expression and strain variation of the novel “Small Open Reading Frame” 3 (smorf) multigene family in Babesia bovis. International Journal for Parasitology. 42(2):131-8.A novel neutralization sensitive and subdominant RAP-1-related antigen (RRA) is expressed by babesia bovis merozoites

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Suarez, C.E., Laughery, J., Bastos, R., Johnson, W.C., Norimine, J., Asenzo, G., Brown, W.C., Florin-Christensen, M., Goff, W.L. 2011. A novel neutralization sensitive and subdominant RAP-1-related antigen (RRA) is expressed by Babesia bovis merozoites. Parasitology. 10.1017/S0031182011000321.Emerging perspectives in the research of bovine Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Suarez, C.E., Noh, S.M. 2011. Emerging perspectives in the research of bovine Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis. Veterinary Parasitology. 180(102):109-25.Bovipain-2, the falcipain-2 ortholog, is expressed in intraerythrocytic stages of the tick-transmitted hemoparasite Babesia bovis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mesplet, M., Echaide, I., Dominguez, M., Mosqueda, J.J., Suarez, C.E., Schnittger, L., Florin-Christensen, M. 2010. Bovipain-2, the falcipain-2 ortholog, is expressed in intraerythrocytic stages of the tick-transmitted hemoparasite Babesia bovis. Parasites & Vectors. 10.1186/1756-3305-3-113.Babesia bovis expresses Bbo-6cys-E, a member of a novel gene family that is homologous to the 6-cys family of Plasmodium

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)The novel protein BboRhop68 is expressed by intraerytrhocytic stages of Babesia bovis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)One Health Approach to Identify Research Needs in Bovine and Human Babesioses: Workshop Report

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Perez De Leon, A.A., Strickman, D.A., Knowles Jr, D.P., Fish, D., Thacker, E.L., De La Fuente, J., Krause, P.J., Wikel, S.K., Miller, R., Wagner, G.G., Almazan, C., Hillman, R., Messenger, M.T., Ugstad, P.O., Duhaime, R.A., Teel, P.D., Ortega-Santos, A., Hewitt, D.G., Bowers, E.J., Bent, S.J., Cochran, M.H., Mcelwain, T.F., Scoles, G.A., Suarez, C.E., Davey, R.B., Freeman, J.M., Lohmeyer, K.H., Li, A.Y., Guerrero, F., Kammlah, D.M., Phillips, P.L., Pound, J.M. 2010. One Health approach to identify research needs in bovine and human babesioses: Workshop report. Parasites & Vectors. 3:Article 36.Babesia bovis expresses a neutralization-sensitive antigen that contains a microneme adhesive repeat (MAR) domain

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Silva, M.G., Ueti, M., Norimine, J., Florin-Christensen, M., Bastos, R., Goff, W.L., Brown, W.C., Oliva, A., Suarez, C.E. 2010. Babesia bovis expresses a neutralization-sensitive antigen that contains a microneme adhesive repeat (MAR) domain. Parasitology International. Available: doi:10.1016/j.parint.2010.03.004First survey for Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection in cattle from Central and Southern regions of Portugal using serological and DNA detection methods

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Silva, M., Henriques, G., Sanchez, C., Marques, P.X., Suarez, C.E., Oliva, A. 2009. First survey for Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection in cattle from Central and Southern regions of Portugal using serological and DNA detection methods. Veterinary Parasitology. 166(1-2):66-72.Babesia bovis: Transcriptional analysis of rRNA gene unit expression

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Laughery, J.M., Lau, A.O., White, S.N., Howell, J.M., Suarez, C.E. 2009. Babesia bovis: Transcriptional analysis of rRNA gene unit expression. Experimental Parasitology. 123(1):45-50.Development of a tandem repeat-based multilocus typing system distinguishing Babesia bovis geographic isolates

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Perez-Llaneza, A., Caballero, M., Baravalle, E., Mesplet, M., Mosqueda, J., Suarez, C.E., Echaide, I., Katzer, F., Pacheco, G.M., Florin-Christensen, M., Schnittger, L. 2010. Development of a tandem repeat-based multilocus typing system distinguishing Babesia bovis geographic isolates. Veterinary Parasitology. 167(2-4):196-204.In silico predicted conserved B-cell epitopes in the Merozoite Surface Antigen -2 family of B. bovis are neutralization-sensitive

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Dominguez, M., Echaide, I., Torioni De Echaide, S., Mosqueda, J., Cetra, B., Suarez, C.E., Florin-Christensen, M. 2010. In silico predicted conserved B-cell epitopes in the Merozoite Surface Antigen -2 family of B. bovis are neutralization-sensitive. Veterinary Parasitology. 167(2-4):216-226.Transfection systems for Babesia bovis: a review of methods for the transient and stable expression of exogenous genes

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Suarez, C.E., Mcelwain, T.F. 2010. Transfection systems for Babesia bovis: a review of methods for the transient and stable expression of exogenous genes. Veterinary Parasitology. 167(2-4):205-215.An impedance spectroscopy method for the detection and evaluation of Babesia bovis antibodies in cattle

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Silva, M., Helali, S., Esseghaierb, C., Suarez, C.E., Oliva, A., Abdelghani, A. 2008. An impedance spectroscopy method for the detection and evaluation of Babesia bovis antibodies in cattle. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 135:206-213.Stable expression of a GFP-BSD fusion protein in Babesia bovis merozoites

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Suarez, C.E., Mcelwain, T. 2009. Stable expression of a GFP-BSD fusion protein in Babesia bovis merozoites. International Journal for Parasitology. 39(3):289-297.Validation of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Babesia bigemina Antibodies in Cattle

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Goff, W.L., Johnson, W.C., Molloy, J.B., Jorgensen, W.K., Waldron, S.J., Figueroa, J.V., Matthee, O., Adams, D.S., Mcguire, T.C., Pino, I., Mosqueda, J., Palmer, G.H., Suarez, C.E., Knowles Jr, D.P., Mcelwain, T.F. 2008. Validation of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Babesia bigemina Antibodies in Cattle. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 15(9):1316-1321.Molecular Characterization of Babesia bovis Strains Using PCR Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of the msa2-a/b Genes

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Wilcowsky, S., Farber, M., Gil, G., Echaide, I., Mosqueda, J., Alcaraz, E., Suarez, C.E., Florin-Christensen, M. 2008. Molecular Characterization of Babesia bovis strains using PCR restriction length polymorphism analysis of the msa2s/b genes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1149:141-144.Transient transfection of purified Babesia bovis merozoites

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Suarez, C.E., Mcelwain, T.F. 2008. Transient transfection of purified Babesia bovis merozoites. Experimental Parasitology. 118(4):498-504.Genome Sequence of Babesia bovis and Camparative Analysis of Apicomplexan Hemoprotozoa

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Brayton, K., Lau, A.O., Herndon, D.R., Hannick, L., Kappmeyer, L.S., Berens, S.J., Bidwell, S.L., Brown, W.C., Crabtree, J., Fadrosh, D., Feldblum, T., Forberger, H.A., Haas, B.J., Howell, J.M., Khouri, H., Koo, H., Mann, D.J., Norimine, J., Paulsen, I.T., Radune, D., Ren, Q., Smith, R.K., Suarez, C.E., White, O., Wortman, J.R., Knowles Jr, D.P., Mcelwain, T.F., Nene, V.M. 2007. Genome Sequence of Babesia bovis and Camparative Analysis of Apicomplexan Hemoprotozoa. PLoS Pathogens. 3(10):1401-1413.Evidence for a relationship between bovine erythrocyte lipid membrane peculiarities and immune pressure from ruminal ciliates

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Gimenez, G., Florin-Christensen, M., Belaunzaran, M.L., Isola, E.L., Suarez, C.E., Florin-Christensen, J. 2007. Evidence for a relationship between bovine erythrocyte lipid membrane peculiarities and immune pressure from ruminal ciliates. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 119(3-4):171-179.Taking advantage of the polymorphism of the MSA-2 family for Babesia bovis strain characterization

- (Monograph)Wilkowsky, S., Farber, M., Echaide, I., Mosqueda, J., Alcaraz, E., Suarez, C.E., Florin-Christensen, M. 2007. Taking advantage of the polymorphism of the MSA-2 family for Babesia bovis strain characterization. Parassitologia. 49(Suppl. 1):63-66.Optimizacion of Babesia bovis transfection methods

- (Monograph)Suarez, C.E., Laughery, J., Gonzalez, M.G., Mcelwain, T. 2007. Optimizacion of Babesia bovis transfection methods. Parassitologia. 49(Suppl. 1):67-70.Search for Babesia bovis vaccine candidates

- (Monograph)Florin-Christensen, M., Schnittger, L., Dominguez, M., Mesplet, M., Rodriguez, A., Ferreri, L., Asenzo, G., Wilkowsky, S., Farber, M., Echaide, I., Suarez, C.E. 2007. Search for Babesia bovis vaccine candidates. Parassitologia. 49(Suppl. 1):9-12.Stable expression of a GFP-BSD fusion protein in transfected and blasticidin-selected B. bovis merozoites

- (Abstract Only)Suarez, C.E., Mcelwain, T.F. 2007. Stable expression of a GFP-BSD fusion protein in transfected and blasticidin-selected B. bovis merozoites. Molecular Parasitology Meeting XVIII, September 16-20, Woods Hole, MA.Validation of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Antibodies against Babesia bovis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Goff, W.L., Molloy, J.B., Johnson, W.C., Suarez, C.E., Pino, I., Rhalem, A., Sahibi, H., Ceci, L., Carelli, G., Adams, D.S., Mcguire, T.C., Knowles Jr, D.P., Mcelwain, T.F. 2006. Validation of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Antibodies against Babesia bovis. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 13(11):1212-1216.CHARACTERIZATION AND GENE EXPRESSION OF BABESIA BOVIS ELONGATION FACTOR-1ALPHA

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Suarez, C.E., Norimine, J., Lacy, P.A., Mcelwain, T.F. 2006. Characterization and gene expression of Babesia bovis elongation factor-1alpha. International Journal for Parasitology. 36(8):965-973.PROSPECTS FOR RECOMBINANT VACCINES AGAINST BOVINE BABESIOSIS.

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Brown, W.C., Norimine, J., Goff, W.L., Suarez, C.E., Mcelwain, T.F. 2006. Prospects for recombinant vaccines against bovine babesiosis. 2006. Parasite Immunology. 28:315-327.FEWER PRPC MYELOID-BASED CELLS IN SHEEP WITH THE PRION RESISTANT GENOTYPE

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hoesing, L.M., Baszler, T.V., O'Rourke, K.I., Suarez, C.E., Bakko, M., Alverson, J., Knowles, Jr., D.P. 2006. Fewer PrPc myeloid-based cells in sheep with the prion resistant genotype. NeuroReport. 17(2):125-129.NEOSPORA CANINUM: ANTIBODIES DIRECTED AGAINST TACHYZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN NCSRS2 INHIBIT PARASITE ATTACHMENT AND INVASION OF PLACENTAL TROPHOBLASTS IN VITRO

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Haldorson, G., Stanton, J., Mathison, B.A., Suarez, C.E., Baszler, T. 2006. Neospora caninum: antibodies directed against tachyzoite surface protein ncsrs2 inhibit parasite attachment and invasion of placental trophoblasts in vitro. Experimental Parasitology. 112(3):172-178.IDENTIFICATION OF VACCINE CANDIDATE PEPTIDES IN THE NCSRS2 SURFACE PROTEIN OF NEOSPORA CANINUM BY USING CD4+ CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES AND GAMMA INTERFERON-SECRETING T LYMPHOCYTES OF INFECTED HOLSTEIN CATTLE

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Staska, L.M., Davies, C.J., Brown, W.C., Mcguire, T.C., Suarez, C.E., Park, J.Y., Mathison, B.A., Abbott, J.R., Baszler, T.V. 2005. Identification of vaccine candidate peptides in the ncsrs2 surface protein of neospora caninum by using cd4+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes and gamma interferon-secreting t lymphocytes of infected holstein cattle. Infection and Immunity. 73(3):1321-1329.USE OF A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AGAINST BABESIA BOVIS MEROZOITE SURFACE ANTIGEN-2C FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPETITIVE ELISA TEST.

- (Proceedings)Dominguez, M., Zabal, O., Wilkowsky, S., Echaide, I., Torioni, D.E., Asenzo, G., Rodriguez, A., Zamorano, P., Farber, M., Suarez, C.E., Florin-Christensen, M. 2004. Use of a monoclonal antibody against babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen-2c for the development of a competitive elisa test. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences. 1026:165-170.INTERGENIC REGIONS IN THE RHOPTRY ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1 (RAP-1) LOCUS PROMOTE EXOGENOUS GENE EXPRESSION IN BABESIA BOVIS.

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Suarez, C.E., Palmer, G.H., LeRoith, T., Florin-Christensen, M., Crabb, B., McElwain, T.F. 2004. Intergenic regions in the rhoptry associated protein-1 (rap-1) locus promote exogenous gene expression in Babesia bovis. International Journal for Parasitology. 34:1177-1184.EARLY IMMUNE RESPONSES IN BOVINES EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH THE HEMOPARASITE BABESIA BOVIS

- (Abstract Only)Asenzo, G., Dominguez, M., Rodriguez, A., Echaide, I., Wilkowsky, S., Suarez, C.E., Zamorano, P., Florin-Christensen, M. 2003. Early immune responses in bovines experimentally infected with the hemoparasite babesia bovis [abstract]. Biocell. 27:1-172.DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW SYSTEM FOR BABESIA BOVIS STRAIN IDENTIFICATION USING MOLECULAR MARKERS

- (Abstract Only)Wilkowsky, S., Dominguez, M., Farber, M., Echaide, I., Valentini, I., Alcaraz, E., Cetra, B., Suarez, C.E., Florin-Christensen, M. 2003. Development of a new system for babesia bovis strain identification using molecular markers [abstract]. Biocell. 27:1-172.DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPETITIVE ELISA TEST FOR BABESIA BOVIS INFECTIONS BASED ON MEROZOITE SURFACE ANTIGEN-2C

- (Abstract Only)Dominguez, M., Zabal, O., Wilkowsky, S., Rodriguez, A., Asenzo, G., Farber, M., Echaide, I., Echaide, S.T., Suarez, C.E., Florin-Christensen, M. 2003. Development of a competitive elisa test for babesia bovis infections based on merozoite surface antigen-2c [abstract]. Biocell. 27:1-172.STIMULATION OF T-HELPER CELL GAMMA INTERFERON AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN G RESPONSES SPECIFIC FOR BABESIA BOVIS RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 (RAP-1) OR A RAP-1 PROTEIN LACKING IN THE CARBOXY-TERMINAL REPEAT REGION IS INSUFFICIENT...

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Norimine, J., Mosqueda, J., Suarez, C.E., Palmer, G.H., Mcelwain, T.F., Mbassa, G., Brown, W.C. 2003. Stimulation of t-helper cell gamma interferon and immunoglobulin g responses specific for babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rap-1) or a rap-1 protein lacking in the carboxy-terminal repeat region is insufficient to provide protective immunity again virulent B. bovis challange. Infection and Immunity. 2003. 71(9):5021-5032.BABESIA BOVIS MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-2C (MSA-2C) CONTAINS HIGHLY IMMUNOGENIC, CONSERVED B-CELL EPITOPES THAT ELICIT NEUTRALIZATION-SENSITIVE ANTIBODIES IN CATTLE

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)ORGANIZATION, TRANSCRIPTION, AND EXPRESSION OF RHOPTRY ASSOCIATED PROTEIN GENES IN THE BABESIA BIGEMINA RAP-1 LOCUS

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)COMPETITIVE ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY BASED ON A RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 EPITOPE SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFIES BABESIA BOVIS-INFECTED CATTLE

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Goff, W.L., McElwain, T.F., Suarez, C.E., Johnson, W.C., Brown, W.C., Norimine, J., Knowles, D.P. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a rhoptry-associated protein-1 epitope specifically identifies Babesia bovis-infected cattle. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 2002. v. 10. p. 38-43.THE BABESIA BOVIS MEROZOITE SURFACE ANTIGEN 2 LOCUS CONTAINS FOUR TANDEMLY ARRANGED AND EXPRESSED GENES ENCODING IMMUNOLOGICALLY DISTINCT PROTEINS

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPES IN BABESIA BOVIS RHOPTRY ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1 THAT ELICIT MEMORY CD4+-T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES IN B. BOVIS IMMUNE INDIVIDUALS ARE LOCATED IN THE AMINO-TERMINAL DOMAIN

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)A NOVEL 20-KILODALTON PROTEIN CONSERVED IN BABESIA BOVIS AND B.BIGEMINA STIMULATES MEMORY CD4+T LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES IN B.BOVIS-IMMUNE CATTLE

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)A UNIQUE PHOSPHOLIPID ORGANIZATION IN BOVINE ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)IMMUNOSTIMULATORY CPG-MODIFIED PLASMID DNA ENHANCES IL-12, TNF-A AND       NO PRODUCTION BY BOVINE MACROPHAGES

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)DNA FROM PROTOZOAN PARASITES BABESIA BOVIS, TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, AND T.BRUCEIIS MITOGENIC FOR B LYMPHOCYTES AND STIMULATES MACROPHAGE EXPRESSION OF     INTERLEUKIN-12, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA, AND NITRIC OXIDE

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)CHARACTERIZATION OF ALLELIC VARIATION IN THE BABESIA BOVIS MEROZOITE       SURFACE ANTIGEN-1 (MSA-1) LOCUS AND IDENTIFICATION OF A CROSS-REACTIVE,    INHIBITION-SENSITIVE MSA-1 EPITOPE

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)CHARACTERIZATION OF ALLELIC VARIATION IN THE BABESIA BOVIS MEROZOITE SURFACE ANTIGEN-1 LOCUS (MSA-1)

- (Proceedings)Suarez, C.E., Florin-Christense, M., Hines, S., Palmer, G., Brown, W., Mcelwain, T. 2000. Characterization of allelic variation in the babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen-1 locus (msa-1). Conference Research Workers Disease Meeting.EXPRESSION OF POLYMORPHIC MSP1B GENES DURING ACUTE ANAPLASMA MARGINALE     RICKETTSEMIA

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE FORMATION IS THE PREDOMINANT LIPID BIOSYNTHETIC EVENT  IN THE HEMOPARASITE BABESIA BOVIS

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)


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