U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Manhattan, Kansas (NBAF)
 close




            Search small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home People & Locations







Paul  Azzinaro
                        Foreign Animal Disease Research

                        




                        
                        Visiting Scientist
                        Phone:    
                        
                        
                        Fax: (Employee information on this page comes from the REE Directory. Please contact your front office staff to update the REE Directory.)
                            **Publications**
                                                (Clicking on the reprint icon
                                                    Reprint Icon
                                                    will take you to the publication reprint.)Understanding the molecular mechanisms of attenuation in codon deoptimized FMDV strains
                                                        

- (Abstract Only)Medina, G.N., Spinard Iii, E.J., Azzinaro, P.A., Rodriguez-Calzada, M., Rieder, A.E., Diaz San Segundo, F.C., De Los Santos, T.B. 2023. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of attenuation in codon deoptimized FMDV strains. Meeting Abstract. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15061332.Deoptimization of FMDV P1 region results in robust serotype-independent viral attenuation
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Medina, G.N., Diaz-San Segundo, F., Spinard III, E.J., Azzinaro, P.A., Rodriguez-Calzada, M., Gutkoska, J.R., Kloc, A., Rieder, A.E., Mueller, S., De Los Santos, T.B. 2023. Deoptimization of FMDV P1 region results in robust serotype-independent viral attenuation. Viruses. 15(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/v15061332.Evaluation of potential recombination events in codon deoptimized FMDV strains
                                                        

- (Abstract Only)Spinard, E., Fish, I., Azzinaro, P.A., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Mogulothu, A., Rodriguez-Calzada, M., Arzt, J., De Los Santos, T.B., Medina, G.N. 2023. Evaluation of potential recombination events in codon deoptimized FMDV strains. Meeting Abstract. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030670.Evaluation of potential in vitro recombination events in codon deoptimized FMDV strains
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Spinard III, E.J., Fish, I., Azzinaro, P.A., Rodriguez-Calzada, M., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Arzt, J., De Los Santos, T.B., Medina, G.N. 2022. Evaluation of potential in vitro recombination events in codon deoptimized FMDV strains. Viruses. 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030670.Structural predictions of the complete ASFV-G proteome
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Spinard III, E.J., Azzinaro, P.A., Rai, A., Espinoza, N.N., Ramirez Medina, E., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2022. Structural predictions of the complete ASFV-G proteome. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 11(12):e0088122. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00881-22.Mutation of FMDV Lpro H138 reside outside substrate binding domain drives viral attenuation in vitro and in swine
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Azzinaro, P.A., Medina, G.N., Rai, D., Ramirez Medina, E., Spinard Iii, E.J., Zhu, J.J., Rieder, A.E., De Los Santos, T.B., Diaz San Segundo, F.C. 2022. Mutation of FMDV Lpro H138 reside outside substrate binding domain drives viral attenuation in vitro and in swine. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.1028077/full.Mutation of FMDV Lpro residues outside substrate binding domain drives viral attenuation
                                                        

- (Abstract Only)Diaz San Segundo, F.C., Azzinaro, P.A., Zhu, J.J., Medina, G.N., De Los Santos, T.B. 2022. Mutation of FMDV Lpro residues outside substrate binding domain drives viral attenuation. Meeting Abstract. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1028077.Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus interserotypic recombination in superinfected carrier cattle
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Fish, I., Bertram, M.R., Stenfeldt, C., Smoliga, G.R., Hartwig, E.J., Holinka-Patterson, L.G., De Los Santos, T.B., Spinard III, E.J., Medina, G.N., Arzt, J., Azzinaro, P.A. 2022. Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus interserotypic recombination in superinfected carrier cattle. Pathogens.  https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11060644.An Adventitious agent free clonal cell line that is highly susceptible to foot and mouth disease virus
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Larocco, M., Krug, P., Ahmed, Z., Rodriguez-Calzada1, M., Azzinaro, P.A., Rodriguez, L.L., De Los Santos, T.B., Medina, G.N. 2021. An Adventitious agent free clonal cell line that is highly susceptible to foot and mouth disease virus. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.05.003.Use of Protein Pegylation to prolong the antiviral effect of IFN against FMDV
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Diaz San Segundo, F.C., Medina, G.N., Mogulothu, A., Azzinaro, P.A., Attreed, S.E., Gutkoska, J.R., Lombardi, K.R., Shields, J., Hudock, T.A., De Los Santos, T.B. 2021. Use of Protein Pegylation to prolong the antiviral effect of IFN against FMDV. Frontiers in Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.668890.Use of synonymous deoptimization for the development of modified live attenuated strains of foot and mouth disease virus
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Diaz San Segundo, F.C., Medina, G., Spinard, E., Kloc, A., Ramirez-Medina, E., Azzinaro, P.A., Mueller, S., Rieder, A.E., De Los Santos, T.B. 2021. Use of synonymous deoptimization for the development of modified live attenuated strains of foot and mouth disease virus. Frontiers in Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.610286.Impairment of the deISGylation activity of foot-and-mouth disease Lpro causes viral attenuation without affecting interferon expression during viral infection.
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Medina, G., Azzinaro, P.A., Ramirez-Medina, E., Gutkoska, J.R., Fang, De Los Santos, T.B. 2020. Impairment of the deISGylation activity of foot-and-mouth disease Lpro causes viral attenuation without affecting interferon expression during viral infection. Virology. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00341-20.SERTA domain containing protein 1 (SERTAD1) interacts with classical swine fever virus structural glycoprotein E2 which is involved in virus virulence in swine
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Vuono, E., Ramirez-Medina, E., Azzinaro, P.A., Berggren, K., Rai, A., Pruitt, S., Silva, E., Velazquez-Salinas, L., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2020. SERTA domain containing protein 1 (SERTAD1) interacts with classical swine fever virus structural glycoprotein E2 which is involved in virus virulence in swine. Journal of Virology. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12040421.Structural glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus binding to host protein dynactin subunit (DCTN6) is necessary for virus virulence in swine
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Borca, M.V., Vuono, E.A., Ramirez-Medina, E., Azzinaro, P.A., Berggren, K.A., Singer, M., Rai, A., Pruitt, S., Silva, E., Velazquez-Salinas, L., Carrillo, C., Gladue, D.P. 2019. Structural glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus binding to host protein dynactin subunit (DCTN6) is necessary for virus virulence in swine. Journal of Virology. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01642-19.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov