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[Congressional Bills 105th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1561 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

105th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 1561

              To reform the conduct of Federal elections.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                           November 13, 1997

  Mr. Warner introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
         referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
              To reform the conduct of Federal elections.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Constitutional and 
Effective Reform of Campaigns Act of 1997''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Effective date.
              TITLE I--ENHANCEMENT OF CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT

Sec. 101. Prohibition of contributions and donations by foreign 
                            nationals and other individuals not 
                            eligible to register to vote; additional 
                            restrictions on foreign nationals.
Sec. 102. Update of individual contribution limit and indexing of 
                            limits.
Sec. 103. Encouraging small contributions to local congressional 
                            candidates.
          TITLE II--LEVELING THE PLAYING FIELD FOR CANDIDATES

Sec. 201. Seed money to encourage new candidates and competitive 
                            campaigns.
Sec. 202. Modification of contribution limits in response to 
                            expenditures from personal funds.
Sec. 203. Limit on senate use of the franking privilege.
          TITLE III--VOLUNTARINESS OF POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Sec. 301. Consent for use of dues and fees of labor organizations. 
Sec. 302. Corporate shareholder notification.
          TITLE IV--ELIMINATION OF ELECTION CAMPAIGN EXCESSES

Sec. 401. Prohibition of fundraising on Federal property and other 
                            criminal prohibitions.
Sec. 402. Deposit of certain contributions and donations in treasury 
                            account.
Sec. 403. National political party committees; ``soft'' and ``hard'' 
                            money.
Sec. 404. Prohibition of conversion of campaign funds to personal use.
                      TITLE V--ENHANCED DISCLOSURE

Sec. 501. Reporting requirements for candidates.
Sec. 502. Access to information on the Internet.
Sec. 503. Reporting requirements for independent expenditures within 20 
                            days before an election.
Sec. 504. Required lobbyist disclosure of contributions and donations.
              TITLE VI--FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION REFORM

Sec. 601. Filing of reports using computers and facsimile machines.
Sec. 602. Term limits for Federal Election Commission.
Sec. 603. Increase in penalty for knowing and willful violations.
Sec. 604. Civil penalties for minor reporting violations.
Sec. 605. Oral arguments; index of actions.
Sec. 606. Change in certain reporting from a calendar year basis to an 
                            election cycle basis.
Sec. 607. Confirmation of general counsel and executive director.
     TITLE VII--IMPROVEMENTS TO THE NATIONAL VOTER REGISTRATION ACT

Sec. 701. Repeal of requirement for States to provide for voter 
                            registration by mail.
Sec. 702. Requiring applicants registering to vote to provide certain 
                            additional information.
Sec. 703. Removal of certain registrants from official list of eligible 
                            voters.
Sec. 704. Permitting State to require voters to produce additional 
                            information prior to voting.
Sec. 705. Repeal of requirement that States permit registrants changing 
                            residence to vote at polling place for 
                            former address.

SEC. 2. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the amendments made by, 
and the provisions of, this Act shall take effect on January 1, 1999.

              TITLE I--ENHANCEMENT OF CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT

SEC. 101. PROHIBITION OF CONTRIBUTIONS AND DONATIONS BY FOREIGN 
              NATIONALS AND OTHER INDIVIDUALS NOT ELIGIBLE TO REGISTER 
              TO VOTE; ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS ON FOREIGN NATIONALS.

    (a) Prohibition of Contributions and Donations by Foreign Nationals 
and Other Individuals Not Eligible To Register To Vote; Additional 
Restrictions on Foreign Nationals.--
            (1) In general.--Section 319(a) of the Federal Election 
        Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441e(a)) is amended to read as 
        follows:
    ``(a) Prohibitions.--
            ``(1) Individuals not eligible to register to vote.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), it 
                shall be unlawful for--
                            ``(i) an individual who is not eligible to 
                        register to vote in a Federal election 
                        (including foreign nationals) to make a 
                        contribution or donation or to promise 
                        expressly or impliedly to make a contribution 
                        or donation; or
                            ``(ii) any person to solicit, accept, or 
                        receive a contribution or donation from an 
                        individual who is not eligible to register to 
                        vote in a Federal election (including foreign 
                        nationals).
                    ``(B) Application.--Subparagraph (A) shall not 
                apply in the case of an individual who is not eligible 
                to register to vote solely by reason of a residency 
                requirement under State law.''.
            ``(2) Foreign nationals.--
                    ``(A) Prohibition on contributions and donations.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), 
                        it shall be unlawful for--
                                    ``(I) a foreign national, or an 
                                entity that is a domestic subsidiary of 
                                a foreign national, to make, directly 
                                or through any other person, any 
                                contribution of money or other thing of 
                                value, or promise expressly or 
                                impliedly to make any such 
                                contribution, in connection with an 
                                election to any political office or in 
                                connection with any primary election, 
                                convention, or caucus held to select a 
                                candidate for any political office or 
                                make any donation, or promise expressly 
                                or impliedly to make any such donation; 
                                or
                                    ``(II) any person to solicit, 
                                accept, or receive any such 
                                contribution or donation from a foreign 
                                national.
                            ``(ii) Exception.--Clause (i) shall not 
                        apply to an entity that is a domestic 
                        subsidiary of a foreign national if the entity 
                        can demonstrate through a reasonable accounting 
                        method that the entity has sufficient funds in 
                        the entity's account, other than funds given or 
                        loaned by the foreign national parent of the 
                        entity, from which the contribution or donation 
                        is made.
                    ``(B) Independent expenditure.--It shall be 
                unlawful for a foreign national to make an independent 
                expenditure.
                    ``(C) Prohibited participation.--A foreign national 
                shall not direct, dictate, control, or directly or 
indirectly participate in the decision-making process of any person 
with regard to such person's election-related activities, including 
decisions concerning the making of contributions, donations, or 
expenditures in connection with elections for any local, State, or 
Federal office or decisions concerning the administration of a 
political committee.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 319 of Federal Election 
        Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is amended by 
        striking the heading and inserting ``RESTRICTIONS ON FOREIGN 
        NATIONALS AND OTHER INDIVIDUALS NOT ELIGIBLE TO REGISTER TO 
        VOTE''.
    (b) Definition of Donation.--Section 301 of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
            ``(20) Donation.--The term `donation' means a gift, 
        subscription, loan, advance, or deposit of money or anything 
        else of value made by any person to a national committee of a 
        political party or a Senatorial or Congressional Campaign 
        Committee of a national political party for any purpose, but 
        does not include a contribution (as defined in paragraph 
        (8)).''.

SEC. 102. UPDATE OF INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION LIMIT AND INDEXING OF 
              LIMITS.

    (a) Update of Individual Contribution Limit.--Section 315(a)(1)(A) 
of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(1)(A)) 
is amended by striking ``$1,000'' and inserting ``$2,000''.
    (b) Indexing.--Section 315(c) of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking the second and third sentences;
                    (B) by inserting before ``At the beginning'' the 
                following: ``(A)''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(B) Each limitation established by subsection (a), (b), (d), or 
(i) shall be increased by the percent difference determined under 
subparagraph (A), and the increased amount, if not a multiple of $100, 
shall be rounded to the next higher multiple of $100.
    ``(C) Each amount increased under subparagraph (B) shall remain in 
effect for the calendar year in which the amount is increased.
    ``(D) The Commission shall publish each year in the Federal 
Register any change made to a limit under this subsection.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``means the calendar 
        year 1974.'' and inserting ``means--
                    ``(i) for purposes of subsections (b) and (d), 
                calendar year 1974; and
                    ``(ii) for purposes of subsections (a) and (i), 
                calendar year 1997.''.

SEC. 103. ENCOURAGING SMALL CONTRIBUTIONS TO LOCAL CONGRESSIONAL 
              CANDIDATES.

    (a) General Rule.--Subpart A of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 
1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to nonrefundable 
personal credits) is amended by inserting after section 25A the 
following:

``SEC. 25B. IN-STATE CONTRIBUTIONS TO CONGRESSIONAL CANDIDATES.

    ``(a) General Rule.--In the case of an individual, there shall be 
allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter for the 
taxable year an amount equal to the total amount of contributions made 
by the individual to any local congressional candidate.
    ``(b) Limitations.--
            ``(1) Maximum credit.--The credit allowed by subsection (a) 
        for a taxable year shall not exceed $100 ($200 in the case of a 
        joint return under section 6013).
            ``(2) Adjusted gross income.--No credit shall be allowed 
        under subsection (a) for a taxable year if the taxpayer's 
        modified adjusted gross income (as defined in section 
        25A(d)(3)) exceeds $60,000 ($120,000 in the case of a joint 
        return).
            ``(3) Verification.--The credit allowed by subsection (a) 
        shall be allowed with respect to any contribution only if the 
        contribution is verified in such manner as the Secretary shall 
        prescribe by regulation.
    ``(c) Definition.--In this section--
            ``(1) Candidate.--The term `candidate' has the meaning 
        given the term in section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign 
        Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431).
            ``(2) Contribution.--The term `contribution' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 301 of the Federal Election 
        Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431).
            ``(3) Local congressional candidate.--The term `local 
        congressional candidate' means a candidate in a primary, 
        general, runoff, or special election seeking nomination for 
        election to, or election to the Senate or the House of 
        Representatives for the State in which the principal residence 
of the taxpayer is located.
            ``(4) Principal residence.--The term `principal residence' 
        has the same meaning as when used in section 121.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 642 of such Code (relating to special rules for 
        credits and deductions of estates or trusts) is amended by 
        adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) Credit for Certain Contributions Not Allowed.--An estate or 
trust shall not be allowed the credit against tax provided by section 
25B.''.
            (2) The table of sections for subpart A of part IV of 
        subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by inserting 
        after the item relating to section 25A the following new item:

                              ``Sec. 25B. In-State contributions to 
                                        congressional candidates.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997.

          TITLE II--LEVELING THE PLAYING FIELD FOR CANDIDATES

SEC. 201. SEED MONEY TO ENCOURAGE NEW CANDIDATES AND COMPETITIVE 
              CAMPAIGNS.

    (a) In General.--Section 315 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``No person'' and 
        inserting ``Except as provided in subsection (i), no person'';
            (2) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``No multicandidate'' 
        and inserting ``Except as provided in subsection (i), no 
        multicandidate''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Modification of Limits.--
            ``(1) Seed money.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In the case of a nomination for 
                election to, or election to, the Senate or House of 
                Representatives, the limits under paragraphs (1)(A) and 
                (2)(A) of subsection (a) for any calendar year shall be 
                4 times the limit determined without regard to this 
                section until such time as the aggregate contributions 
                exceed the applicable limit for a candidate.
                    ``(B) Candidate's applicable limit.--The applicable 
                limit under subparagraph (A) shall be--
                            ``(i)(I) in the case of a candidate for the 
                        Senate, $300,000; or
                            ``(II) in the case of a candidate for the 
                        House of Representatives, $100,000; reduced 
                        (but not below zero) by
                            ``(ii) the aggregate amount determined 
                        under subsection (j)(1) that the candidate and 
                        the candidate's authorized committees have 
                        available to transfer from a previous election 
                        cycle to the current election cycle.
                    ``(C) Time to accept contributions under modified 
                limit.--A candidate and the candidate's authorized 
                committees shall not accept a contribution under this 
                subsection until the candidate has received 
                notification of the aggregate amount under subsection 
                (j)(2).''.
    (b) Determination of Contributions Transferred From Previous 
Election Cycle.--Section 315 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a) (as amended by subsection (a)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) Determination of Contributions Transferred From Previous 
Election Cycles.--
            ``(1) Determination.--For purposes of subsection (i)--
                    ``(A) in the case of an individual elected to the 
                House of Representatives or the Senate, after the 
                receipt of the individual's post-general election 
                report under section 304(a)(2)(A)(ii) for the election 
                cycle in which the individual was elected, the 
                Commission shall determine the aggregate amount of 
                contributions that is available to be transferred from 
                1 or more previous election cycles to the current 
                election cycle of the candidate (regardless of whether 
                the amount has been so transferred); and
                    ``(B) in the case of any other individual, the 
                amount shall be zero.
            ``(2) Notification.--The Commission shall notify the 
        candidate of the amount that is determined under paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Adjustment.--On receipt of notification under 
        paragraph (2), the limits in paragraphs (1)(B) and (2)(B) of 
        subsection (i) shall be adjusted accordingly.''.

SEC. 202. MODIFICATION OF CONTRIBUTION LIMITS IN RESPONSE TO 
              EXPENDITURES FROM PERSONAL FUNDS.

    (a) Modification of Contribution Limits in Response to Expenditures 
From Personal Funds.--Section 315(i) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a) (as added by section 201) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Increase in limit to allow response to expenditures 
        from personal funds.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The applicable limit under 
                paragraph (1) for a particular election shall be 
                increased by the personal funds amount.
                    ``(B) Personal funds amount.--The personal funds 
                amount is an amount equal to the excess (if any) of--
                            ``(i) the greatest aggregate amount of 
                        expenditures from personal funds (as defined in 
                        section 304(a)(6)(B)) in excess of $25,000 that 
                        an opposing candidate in the same election 
                        makes; over
                            ``(ii) the aggregate amount of expenditures 
                        from personal funds made by the candidate in 
                        the election.''.
    (b) Notification of Expenditures From Personal Funds.--Section 
304(a)(6) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
434(a)(6)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (D); 
        and
            (2) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following:
    ``(B) Notification of Expenditure From Personal Funds.--
            ``(i) Definition of expenditure from personal funds.--In 
        this subparagraph, the term `expenditure from personal funds' 
        means--
                    ``(I) an expenditure made by a candidate using 
                personal funds; and
                    ``(II) a contribution made by a candidate using 
                personal funds to the candidate's authorized committee.
            ``(ii) Initial notification.--Not later than 24 hours after 
        a candidate seeking nomination for election to, or election to, 
        the Senate makes or obligates to make an aggregate amount of 
        expenditure from personal funds in excess of $25,000 in 
        connection with any election, the candidate shall file a 
        notification stating the amount of the expenditure with--
                    ``(I) the Commission; and
                    ``(II) each candidate in the same election.
            ``(iii) Additional notification.--After a candidate files 
        an initial notification under clause (ii), the candidate shall 
        file an additional notification each time expenditures from 
        personal funds are made or obligated to be made in an aggregate 
        amount of $5,000 with--
                    ``(I) the Commission; and
                    ``(II) each candidate in the same election.
            ``(iv) Contents.--A notification under clause (ii) or (iii) 
        shall include--
                    ``(I) the name of the candidate and the office 
                sought by the candidate;
                    ``(II) the date and amount of each expenditure; and
                    ``(III) the total amount of expenditures from 
                personal funds that the candidate has made, or 
                obligated to make, with respect to an election as of 
                the date of the expenditure that is the subject of the 
                notification.''.
    (c) Definitions.--Section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431) (as amended by section 101(c)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
    ``(21) Election Cycle.--The term `election cycle' means the period 
beginning on the day after the date of the most recent general election 
for the specific office or seat that a candidate is seeking and ending 
on the date of the next general election for that office or seat.
    ``(22) Personal Funds.--The term `personal funds' means an amount 
that is derived from--
            ``(A) any asset that, under applicable State law, at the 
        time the individual became a candidate, the candidate had legal 
        right of access to or control over, and with respect to which 
        the candidate had--
                    ``(i) legal and rightful title; or
                    ``(ii) an equitable interest;
            ``(B) income received during the current election cycle of 
        the candidate, including--
                    ``(i) a salary and other earned income from bona 
                fide employment;
                    ``(ii) dividends and proceeds from the sale of the 
                candidate's stocks or other investments;
                    ``(iii) bequests to the candidate;
                    ``(iv) income from trusts established before the 
                beginning of the election cycle;
                    ``(v) income from trusts established by bequest 
                after the beginning of the election cycle of which the 
                candidate is the beneficiary;
                    ``(vi) gifts of a personal nature that had been 
                customarily received by the candidate prior to 
                beginning of the election cycle; and
                    ``(vii) proceeds from lotteries and similar legal 
                games of chance; and
            ``(C) a portion of assets that are jointly owned by the 
        candidate and the candidate's spouse equal to the candidate's 
        share of the asset under the instrument of conveyance or 
        ownership but if no specific share is indicated by an 
        instrument of conveyance or ownership, the value of \1/2\ of 
        the property.''.

SEC. 203. LIMIT ON SENATE USE OF THE FRANKING PRIVILEGE.

    Section 3210(a)(6) of title 39, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking 
                ``Congress may not'' and inserting ``the House of 
                Representatives may not''; and
                    (B) in clause (i), by striking ``60 days (or, in 
                the case of a Member of the House, fewer than 90 
                days)'' and inserting ``90 days''; and
            (2) by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the 
        following:
                    ``(C)(i) A Member of the Senate shall not mail any 
                mass mailing as franked mail during a year in which 
                there will be an election for the seat held by the 
                Member during the period between January 1 of that year 
                and the date of the general election for that office, 
                unless the Member has made a public announcement that 
                the Member will not be a candidate for reelection to 
                that office in that year.
                    ``(ii) A Member of the Senate shall not mail any 
                mass mailing as franked mail if the mass mailing is 
                postmarked fewer than 60 days before the date of any 
                primary election or general election (whether regular, 
                special, or runoff) for any national, State, or local 
                office in which the Member is a candidate for 
                election.''.

          TITLE III--VOLUNTARINESS OF POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS

SEC. 301. CONSENT FOR USE OF DUES AND FEES OF LABOR ORGANIZATIONS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) workers who pay dues or fees to a labor organization 
        may not, as a matter of law, be required to pay to that 
        organization any dues or fees supporting activities that are 
        not necessary to perform the duties of the exclusive 
        representative of employees in dealing with the employer on 
        labor-management issues;
            (2) many labor organizations use portions of the dues or 
        fees they collect from the workers they represent for 
        activities that are not necessary to perform those duties, such 
        as supporting political, social, or charitable causes or other 
        non-collective bargaining activities;
            (3) unfortunately, many workers who pay such dues or fees 
        have insufficient information about the workers' rights 
        regarding the payment of dues or fees to a labor organization 
        and how labor organizations spend employee dues or fees; and
            (4) it is a fundamental tenet of this Nation that all men 
        and women have a right to make individual and informed choices 
        about the political, social, or charitable causes they support, 
        and the law should protect that right to the greatest extent 
        possible.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to ensure that--
            (1) all workers have sufficient information about their 
        rights regarding the payment of dues or fees to labor 
        organizations and the uses of employee dues and fees by labor 
        organizations; and
            (2) the right of all workers to make individual and 
        informed choices about the political, social, or charitable 
        causes they support is protected to the greatest extent 
        possible.
    (c) Written Consent.--
            (1) In general.--
                    (A) Authorization.--Before accepting payment of any 
                dues or fees from an employee as a condition of 
                employment, under an agreement authorized by Federal 
                law, a labor organization shall obtain from each 
                employee voluntary, written authorization for any 
                portion of the dues or fees that will be used for an 
                activity that is not necessary to perform the duties of 
                the exclusive representative of the employees in 
                dealing with the employer on labor-management issues.
                    (B) Requirements.--An authorization under 
                subparagraph (A) shall clearly state that--
                            (i) an employee may not be required to 
                        provide the authorization; and
                            (ii) if the authorization is provided, the 
                        employee agrees to allow any dues or fees paid 
                        to the labor organization to be used for 
                        activities that are not necessary to perform 
                        the duties of the exclusive representative and 
                        that may be political, social, or charitable in 
                        nature.
            (2) Revocation.--An authorization under paragraph (1) is 
        effective until revoked by written notice to the labor 
        organization and a revocation shall be effective on the date 
        that is 30 days after the date of receipt of the notice by the 
        labor organization.
            (3) Civil action by employee.--
                    (A) In general.--An affected employee may bring a 
                civil action against a labor organization that violates 
                this subsection in any Federal or State court of 
                competent jurisdiction for--
                            (i) damages equal to--
                                    (I) twice the amount of the dues or 
                                fees accepted in violation of this 
                                subsection; and
                                    (II) the interest on the amount 
                                described in subclause (I) calculated 
                                at the prevailing rate; and
                            (ii) such equitable relief as may be 
                        appropriate.
                    (B) Fees and costs.--The court shall, in addition 
                to any judgment awarded to the plaintiff, allow a 
                reasonable attorney's fee, reasonable expert witness 
                fee, and other costs of the civil action.
                    (C) Limitation.--
                            (i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii), a civil action may be brought 
                        under this paragraph not later than the date 
                        that is 2 years after the date on which the 
                        employee knew or should have known that dues or 
                        fees were accepted or spent by a labor 
                        organization in violation of this subsection.
                            (ii) Willful violation.--In the case of a 
                        willful violation of this subsection, clause 
                        (i) shall be applied by substituting ``3 
                        years'' for ``2 years''.
    (d) Notice.--An employer shall post a notice, of such size and in 
such form as the Secretary of Labor shall prescribe, in conspicuous 
places on the employer's property (including plants, offices, and all 
places where notices to employees are customarily posted) informing 
employees that any labor organization accepting payment of any dues or 
fees from an employee as a condition of employment under an agreement 
authorized by Federal law must obtain from each employee prior, written 
authorization if any portion of such dues or fees will be used for 
activities not necessary to perform the duties of the exclusive 
representative of the employees in dealing with the employer on labor-
management issues.
    (e) Disclosure to Workers.--
            (1) Expenses reporting.--Section 201(b)(6) of the Labor-
        Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (29 U.S.C. 
        431(b)(6)) is amended by inserting ``and attributing the 
        disbursements in such detail as necessary to allow members and 
        employees required to pay any dues or fees to the labor 
        organization to determine whether the disbursements were 
        necessary to perform the duties of the exclusive representative 
        of the employees in dealing with the employer on labor-
        management issues'' before ``thereof''.
            (2) Disclosure.--Section 201(c) of the Labor-Management 
        Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (29 U.S.C. 431(c)) is 
        amended in the first sentence--
                    (A) by inserting ``and employees required to pay 
                any dues or fees to the labor organization'' after 
                ``members''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``or employee required to pay any 
                dues or fees to the labor organization'' after 
                ``member'' each place it appears.
            (3) Written requests.--Section 205 of the Labor-Management 
        Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (29 U.S.C. 435) is 
        amended--
                    (A) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the 
                following:
    ``(b) Inspection, Examination, and Copying of Information and 
Data.--The Secretary shall by regulation make reasonable provision 
for--
            ``(1) on the request of any person, the inspection and 
        examination of the information and data contained in any report 
        or other document filed with the Secretary under section 201, 
        202, 203, or 211; and
            ``(2) on written request of any person, the availability of 
        complete copies of any report or other document filed under 
        section 201.''; and
                    (B) in subsection (c), in the first sentence, by 
                inserting ``(except as provided in subsection (b)(2))'' 
                before the period.
    (f) Regulations.--The Secretary of Labor shall promulgate a 
regulation as necessary to carry out--
            (1) the amendments made by subsection (d), not later than 
        the date that is 60 days after the date of enactment of this 
        Act; and
            (2) the amendments made by subsection (e), not later than 
        the date that is 120 days after the date of enactment of this 
        Act.

SEC. 302. CORPORATE SHAREHOLDER NOTIFICATION.

    Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
431 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 316 the following:

``SEC. 316A. CORPORATE SHAREHOLDER NOTIFICATION.

    ``A corporation required by any law of Congress to submit an annual 
report to the corporation's shareholders shall disclose--
            ``(1) the aggregate amount of donations (as defined in 
        section 301(20)) made by the corporation during the year; and
            ``(2) the name of the political committee to which each 
        donation was made.''.

          TITLE IV--ELIMINATION OF ELECTION CAMPAIGN EXCESSES

SEC. 401. PROHIBITION OF FUNDRAISING ON FEDERAL PROPERTY AND OTHER 
              CRIMINAL PROHIBITIONS.

    (a) Prohibition of Fundraising on Federal Property.--Section 607 of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``within the meaning of 
        section 301(8)'' and inserting ``or donation within the meaning 
        of paragraphs (8) and (20) of section 301(8)''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by inserting ``or donations'' after 
                ``contributions'' each place it appears;
                    (B) by inserting ``or donation'' after 
                ``contribution''; and
                    (C) by inserting ``donator'' after ``contributor''.
    (b) Amendment of Title 18 To Include Prohibition of Donations.--
Chapter 29 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in section 602(a)(4), by striking ``within the meaning 
        of section 301(8)'' and inserting ``or donation within the 
        meaning of paragraphs (8) and (20) of section 301''; and
            (2) in section 603(a)--
                    (A) by striking ``within the meaning of section 
                301(8)'' and inserting ``or donation within the meaning 
                of paragraphs (8) and (20) of section 301''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``or donation'' after contribution 
                the second and third time it appears.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to violations occurring on or after the date of enactment of this 
Act.

SEC. 402. DEPOSIT OF CERTAIN CONTRIBUTIONS AND DONATIONS IN TREASURY 
              ACCOUNT.

    (a) In General.--Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 324. TREATMENT OF CERTAIN CONTRIBUTIONS AND DONATIONS TO BE 
              RETURNED TO DONORS.

    ``(a) Transfer to Commission.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        this Act, if a political committee intends to return any 
        contribution or donation given to the political committee, the 
        committee shall transfer the contribution or donation to the 
        Commission if--
                    ``(A) the contribution or donation is in an amount 
                equal to or greater than $500 (other than a 
                contribution or donation returned within 60 days of 
                receipt by the committee); or
                    ``(B) the contribution or donation was made in 
                violation of section 315, 316, 317, 319, 320, or 325 
                (other than a contribution or donation returned within 
                30 days of receipt by the committee).
            ``(2) Information included with transferred contribution or 
        donation.--A political committee shall include with any 
        contribution or donation transferred under paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) a request that the Commission return the 
                contribution or donation to the person making the 
                contribution or donation; and
                    ``(B) information regarding the circumstances 
                surrounding the making of the contribution or donation 
                and any opinion of the political committee concerning 
                whether the contribution or donation may have been made 
                in violation of this Act.
            ``(3) Establishment of escrow account.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Commission shall establish a 
                single interest-bearing escrow account for deposit of 
                amounts transferred under paragraph (1).
                    ``(B) Disposition of amounts received.--On 
                receiving an amount from a political committee under 
                paragraph (1), the Commission shall--
                            ``(i) deposit the amount in the escrow 
                        account established under subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(ii) notify the Attorney General and the 
                        Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service of 
                        the receipt of the amount from the political 
                        committee.
                    ``(C) Use of interest to cover administrative 
                costs.--Any interest earned on amounts in the escrow 
                account established under subparagraph (A) shall be 
                applied toward the administrative costs incurred by the 
                Commission in establishing and administering the 
                account, and any remaining interest shall be deposited 
                in the general fund of the Treasury.
            ``(4) Treatment of returned contribution or donation as a 
        complaint.--The transfer of any contribution or donation to the 
        Commission under this section shall be treated as the filing of 
a complaint under section 309(a).
    ``(b) Use of Amounts Placed in Escrow To Cover Fines and 
Penalties.--The Commission or the Attorney General may require any 
amount deposited in the escrow account under subsection (a)(3) to be 
applied toward the payment of any fine or penalty imposed under this 
Act or title 18, United States Code against the person making the 
contribution or donation.
    ``(c) Return of Contribution or Donation After Deposit in Escrow.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Commission shall return a 
        contribution or donation deposited in the escrow account under 
        subsection (a)(3) to the person making the contribution or 
        donation if--
                    ``(A) within 180 days after the date the 
                contribution or donation is transferred, the Commission 
                has not made a determination under section 309(a)(2) 
                that the Commission has reason to believe that the 
                making of the contribution or donation was made in 
                violation of this Act; or
                    ``(B)(i) the contribution or donation will not be 
                used to cover fines, penalties, or costs pursuant to 
                subsection (b); or
                    ``(ii) if the contribution or donation will be used 
                for those purposes, that the amounts required for those 
                purposes have been withdrawn from the escrow account 
                and subtracted from the returnable contribution or 
                donation.
            ``(2) No effect on status of investigation.--The return of 
        a contribution or donation by the Commission under this 
        subsection shall not be construed as having an effect on the 
        status of an investigation by the Commission or the Attorney 
        General of the contribution or donation or the circumstances 
        surrounding the contribution or donation, or on the ability of 
        the Commission or the Attorney General to take future actions 
        with respect to the contribution or donation.''.
    (b) Amounts Used To Determine Amount of Penalty for Violation.--
Section 309(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
437g(a)) is amended by inserting after paragraph (9) the following:
    ``(10) For purposes of determining the amount of a civil penalty 
imposed under this subsection for a violation of section 324, the 
amount of the donation involved shall be treated as the amount of the 
contribution involved.''.
    (c) Disgorgement Authority.--Section 309 of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
    ``(e) Disgorgement Authority.--Any conciliation agreement, civil 
action, or criminal action entered into or instituted under this 
section may require a person to forfeit to the Treasury any 
contribution, donation, or expenditure that is the subject of the 
agreement or action for transfer to the Commission for deposit in 
accordance with section 324.''.
    (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) 
shall apply with respect to contributions or donations returned on or 
after the date of enactment of this Act, without regard to whether the 
Federal Election Commission or Attorney General has issued regulations 
to carry out section 324 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(as added by subsection (a)) by that date.

SEC. 403. NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTY COMMITTEES; ``SOFT'' AND ``HARD'' 
              MONEY.

    (a) ``Soft'' Money of National Political Party Committees.--Title 
III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) 
(as amended by section 402) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 325. `SOFT' MONEY OF POLITICAL PARTY COMMITTEES.

    ``A national committee of a political party, any subordinate 
committee of a national committee, a Senatorial or Congressional 
Campaign Committee of a national political party, or an entity that is 
directly or indirectly established, financed, maintained, or controlled 
by a national committee or a Senatorial or Congressional Campaign 
Committee of a national political party or that is an entity acting on 
behalf of a national committee or a Senatorial or Congressional 
Campaign Committee of a national political party shall not accept 
donations from any person during a calendar year in an aggregate amount 
that exceeds $100,000.''.
    (b) Increase in ``Hard'' Limits on Contributions.--Section 315(a) 
of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``$20,000'' and 
        inserting ``$50,000''; and
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``$25,000'' and inserting 
        ``$50,000''.

SEC. 404. PROHIBITION OF CONVERSION OF CAMPAIGN FUNDS TO PERSONAL USE.

    Section 313 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
439a) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 313. USE OF CONTRIBUTED AMOUNTS FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES.

    ``(a) Permitted Uses.--A contribution accepted by a candidate, and 
any other amount received by an individual as support for activities of 
the individual as a holder of Federal office, may be used by the 
candidate or individual--
            ``(1) for expenditures in connection with the campaign for 
        Federal office of the candidate or individual;
            ``(2) for ordinary and necessary expenses incurred in 
        connection with duties of the individual as a holder of Federal 
        office;
            ``(3) for a charitable contribution (as defined in section 
        170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) to an organization 
        described in section 170(c)(2) of such Code; or
            ``(4) for transfers to a national, State, or local 
        committee of a political party.
    ``(b) Prohibited Use.--
            ``(1) In general.--A contribution or amount described in 
        subsection (a) shall not be converted by any person to personal 
        use.
            ``(2) Conversion.--For the purposes of paragraph (1), a 
        contribution or amount shall be considered to be converted to 
        personal use if the contribution or amount is used to fulfill 
        any commitment, obligation, or expense of a person that would 
        exist irrespective of the candidate's election campaign or 
        individual's duties as a holder of Federal office, including--
                    ``(A) a home mortgage, rent, or utility payment;
                    ``(B) a clothing purchase;
                    ``(C) a noncampaign-related automobile expense;
                    ``(D) a country club membership;
                    ``(E) a vacation or other noncampaign-related trip;
                    ``(F) a household food item;
                    ``(G) a tuition payment;
                    ``(H) admission to a sporting event, concert, 
                theater, or other form of entertainment not associated 
                with an election campaign; and
                    ``(I) dues, fees, and other payments to a health 
                club or recreational facility.''.

                      TITLE V--ENHANCED DISCLOSURE

SEC. 501. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR CANDIDATES.

    (a) Weekly Reports.--Section 304(a)(2)(A) of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(a)(2)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (ii), by striking ``and'' at the end; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(iv) beginning on the date that is 30 days before 
                the date of the general election and ending on the date 
                of the general election, additional weekly reports 
                which shall be filed not later than Monday of each 
                week; and''.
    (b) Expedited Reporting for Large Contributions Made to Principal 
Campaign Committee Within 90 Days of Election.--Section 304(a)(6)(A) of 
the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(a)(6)(A)) is 
amended by striking ``after the 20th day'' and inserting ``after the 
90th day before an election''.
    (c) Waiver of ``Best Efforts'' Exception for Information on 
Identification of Contributors.--Section 302(i) of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 432(i)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(i) When the treasurer'' and inserting 
        ``(i)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), when the 
        treasurer''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to information 
regarding the identification of any person who makes a contribution or 
contributions aggregating more than $200 during a calendar year (as 
required to be provided under subsection (c)(3)).''.

SEC. 502. ACCESS TO INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET.

    Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
434(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Electronic Disclosure to the Public.--The Commission shall 
make the information contained in a report submitted under this section 
available to the public on the Internet and at the offices of the 
Commission as soon as practicable after the information is received by 
the Commission.''.

SEC. 503. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES WITHIN 20 
              DAYS BEFORE AN ELECTION.

    Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
434(c)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (d) (as added by section 
        502) as subsection (e); and
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking the undesignated 
                matter after subparagraph (C);
                    (B) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph 
                (7); and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
    ``(d) Time for Reporting Certain Expenditures.--
            ``(1) Expenditures aggregating $1,000.--
                    ``(A) Initial report.--A person that makes 
                independent expenditures aggregating $1,000 or more 
                after the 20th day, but more than 24 hours, before the 
                date of an election shall file a report describing the 
                expenditures within 24 hours after that amount of 
                independent expenditures has been made.
                    ``(B) Additional reports.--After a person files a 
                report under subparagraph (A), the person shall file an 
                additional report each time that independent 
                expenditures aggregating an additional $1,000 are made 
                with respect to the same election as that to which the 
                initial report relates.
            ``(2) Expenditures aggregating $10,000.--
                    ``(A) Initial report.--A person that makes 
                independent expenditures aggregating $10,000 or more at 
                any time up to and including the 20th day before an 
                election shall file a report describing the 
                expenditures within 48 hours after that amount of 
                independent expenditures is made.
                    ``(B) Additional reports.--After a person files a 
                report under subparagraph (A), the person shall file an 
                additional report each time that independent 
                expenditures aggregating an additional $10,000 are made 
                with respect to the same election as that to which the 
                initial report relates.
            ``(3) Place of filing; contents; transmittal.--
                    ``(A) Place of filing; contents.--A report under 
                this subsection--
                            ``(i) shall be filed with the Commission; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) shall contain the information 
                        required by subsection (b)(6)(B)(iii).
                    ``(B) Transmittal to candidates.--Not later than 2 
                business days after receipt of a report under this 
                subsection, the Commission shall transmit a copy of the 
                report to each candidate seeking nomination for 
                election to, or election to, the office in question.
            ``(4) Obligation to make expenditure.--For purposes of this 
        subsection, an expenditure shall be treated as being made on 
        the making of any payment or the taking of any action to incur 
        an obligation for payment.''.

SEC. 504. REQUIRED LOBBYIST DISCLOSURE OF CONTRIBUTIONS AND DONATIONS.

    Section 5 of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1604) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``, contributions, and 
        donations'' after ``lobbying activities''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3), by striking ``; and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) if the registrant, the registrant's employer, or a 
        separate segregated fund of such employer has made a 
        contribution or donation (as defined in section 301 of the 
        Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431)) to a 
        covered executive branch official, covered legislative branch 
        official, or political committee (as defined in section 301 of 
        the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431)), the 
        amount of the contribution or donation, the official or 
        political committee to whom the contribution or donation was 
        made, and the date on which the contribution or donation was 
        made.''.

              TITLE VI--FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION REFORM

SEC. 601. FILING OF REPORTS USING COMPUTERS AND FACSIMILE MACHINES.

    Section 304(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 434(a)) is amended by striking paragraph (11) and inserting the 
following:
            ``(11) Filing reports using computers and facsimile 
        machines.--
                    ``(A) Software.--The Commission shall--
                            ``(i) develop software for use to file a 
                        designation, statement, or report under this 
                        Act; and
                            ``(ii) provide a copy of the software at no 
                        cost to a person required to file a 
                        designation, statement, or report under this 
                        Act.
                    ``(B) Computers.--The Commission shall promulgate a 
                regulation under which a person required to file a 
                designation, statement, or report under this Act--
                            ``(i) is required to maintain and file the 
                        designation, statement, or report for any 
                        calendar year in electronic form accessible by 
                        computers if the person has, or has reason to 
                        expect to have, aggregate contributions or 
                        expenditures in excess of a threshold amount 
                        determined by the Commission; and
                            ``(ii) may maintain and file a designation, 
                        statement, or report in that manner if not 
                        required to do so under a regulation 
                        promulgated under clause (i).
                    ``(C) Facsimile machine.--The Commission shall 
                promulgate a regulation which allows a person to file a 
                designation, statement, or report required by this Act 
                through the use of a facsimile machine.
                    ``(D) Verification of signature.--In promulgating a 
                regulation under this paragraph, the Commission shall 
                provide methods (other than requiring a signature on 
                the document being filed) for verifying a designation, 
                statement, or report covered by the regulation. A 
                document verified under any of the methods shall be 
                treated for all purposes (including penalties for 
                perjury) in the same manner as a document verified by 
                signature.''.

SEC. 602. TERM LIMITS FOR FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION.

    (a) In General.--Section 306(a)(2)(A) of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437c(a)(2)(A)) is amended in the matter 
preceding clause (i) by striking ``terms of 6 years'' and inserting 
``no more than 1 term of 8 years''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall 
apply to appointments made after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 603. INCREASE IN PENALTY FOR KNOWING AND WILLFUL VIOLATIONS.

    Section 309(a)(5)(B) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(5)(B)) is amended by striking ``the greater of 
$10,000 or an amount equal to 200 percent'' and inserting ``the greater 
of $15,000 or an amount equal to 300 percent''.

SEC. 604. CIVIL PENALTIES FOR MINOR REPORTING VIOLATIONS.

    Section 309(a)(4)(A) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(4)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in the first sentence of clause (i) by striking 
        ``clause (ii)'' and inserting ``clauses (ii) and (iii)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(iii) Minor reporting violations.--
                    ``(I) Definition of minor reporting violation.--The 
                Commission shall by regulation establish a definition 
                of the term `minor reporting violation' for the 
                purposes of this clause.
                    ``(II) Assessment by the commission.--After notice 
                and hearing, the Commission may, without following the 
                procedure of subparagraph (A) or paragraph (5) or (6), 
                assess a civil penalty against a person that commits a 
                minor reporting violation.
                    ``(III) Schedule of amounts of civil penalties.--
                The Commission shall by regulation establish a schedule 
                of the amounts (or ranges of amounts) of civil 
                penalties (not to exceed $5,000) that shall be assessed 
                for different categories of minor reporting violations.
                    ``(IV) Considerations.--In determining the amounts 
                of civil penalties, the Commission shall consider the 
                effect that a violation could be expected to have on 
                the conduct of an election campaign or on the outcome 
                of an election, the previous compliance record of the 
                violator, and other appropriate factors.
                    ``(V) Limitation.--A civil penalty assessed by the 
                Commission under this clause shall not be made public 
                within 30 days before the date of an election.
                    ``(VI) Enforcement and judicial review.--The 
                Commission, acting through its own attorneys, may bring 
                a civil action in United States district court for 
                payment of, and a person against whom a civil penalty 
                has been assessed may bring a civil action in 
United States district court to review, a civil penalty under subclause 
(II). Paragraph (7) shall apply to a civil action under this subclause.
                    ``(VII) Election of remedy.--If the Commission 
                elects to proceed under this clause against a person 
                for a minor reporting violation, the Commission shall 
                be precluded from seeking enforcement with respect to 
                that violation under any other provision of this Act or 
                other law.''.

SEC. 605. ORAL ARGUMENTS; INDEX OF ACTIONS.

    (a) Opportunity for Oral Arguments Before Commission.--Section 
309(a)(3) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
437g(a)(3)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(3)'' and inserting ``(3)(A)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Oral argument.--
                            ``(i) Request.--If a respondent submits a 
                        brief under subparagraph (A), the respondent 
                        may submit, with the brief, a request to 
                        present an oral argument before the Commission 
                        in support of the respondent's brief.
                            ``(ii) Presentation.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--If at least 2 
                                members of the Commission approve of 
                                the request, the respondent or the 
                                respondent's representative shall 
                                appear before the Commission in an open 
                                session and make an oral presentation 
                                in support of the brief and respond to 
                                questions of members of the Commission.
                                    ``(II) Time.--The appearance shall 
                                take place at a time specified by the 
                                Commission during the 30-day period 
                                that begins on the date the request is 
                                approved, and the Commission may limit 
                                the length of the respondent's 
                                appearance to a period of time that the 
                                Commission considers appropriate.
                                    ``(III) Consideration.--Information 
                                provided by the respondent during the 
                                appearance shall be considered by the 
                                Commission before proceeding under 
                                paragraph (4).''.
    (b) Index of Advisory Opinions, Regulations, and Enforcement 
Actions.--Section 311 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 438) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Compilation of Index.--The Commission shall compile, publish, 
and regularly update a complete and detailed index of the advisory 
opinions issued under this section 308, enforcement actions under 
section 309, and regulations issued under this Act.''.

SEC. 606. CHANGE IN CERTAIN REPORTING FROM A CALENDAR YEAR BASIS TO AN 
              ELECTION CYCLE BASIS.

    Paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), and (7) of section 304(b) of 
the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(b)) are amended 
by inserting ``(election cycle, in the case of a candidate's authorized 
committee)'' after ``calendar year'' each place it appears.

SEC. 607. CONFIRMATION OF GENERAL COUNSEL AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR.

    Section 306(f)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 437c(f)(1)) is amended in the first sentence by striking 
``Commission'' and inserting ``President, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate'' before the period.

     TITLE VII--IMPROVEMENTS TO THE NATIONAL VOTER REGISTRATION ACT

SEC. 701. REPEAL OF REQUIREMENT FOR STATES TO PROVIDE FOR VOTER 
              REGISTRATION BY MAIL.

    (a) In General.--Section 4(a) of the National Voter Registration 
Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg-2(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by adding ``and'' at the end;
            (2) by striking paragraph (2); and
            (3) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (2).
    (b) Conforming Amendments Relating to Uniform Mail Voter 
Registration Form.--(1) The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (42 
U.S.C. 1973gg et seq.) is amended by striking section 9.
    (2) Section 7(a)(6)(A) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1973gg-5(a)(6)(A)) is 
amended by striking ``assistance--'' and all that follows and inserting 
the following: ``assistance, a voter registration application form 
which meets the requirements described in section 5(c)(2) (other than 
subparagraph (A)), unless the applicant, in writing, declines to 
register to vote;''.
    (c) Other Conforming Amendments.--(1) The National Voter 
Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg et seq.) is amended by 
striking section 6.
    (2) Section 8(a)(5) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1973gg-6(a)(5)) is 
amended by striking ``5, 6, and 7'' and inserting ``5 and 7''.

SEC. 702. REQUIRING APPLICANTS REGISTERING TO VOTE TO PROVIDE CERTAIN 
              ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.

    (a) Social Security Number.--
            (1) In general.--Section 5(c)(2) of the National Voter 
        Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg-3(c)(2)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph 
                (D);
                    (B) by striking the period at the end of 
                subparagraph (E) and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) shall require the applicant to provide the 
                applicant's Social Security number.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 5(c)(2)(A) of such Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 1973gg-3(c)(2)(A)) is amended by inserting after 
        ``subparagraph (C)'' the following: ``, or the information 
        described in subparagraph (F)''.
            (3) Effective date.--The amendments made by this section 
        shall take effect January 1, 1998, and shall apply with respect 
        to applicants registering to vote in elections for Federal 
        office on or after such date.
    (b) Actual Proof of Citizenship.--
            (1) Registration with application for driver's license.--
        Section 5(c) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (42 
        U.S.C. 1973gg-3(c)) is amended by adding at the end the 
        following:
    ``(3) The voter registration portion of an application for a State 
motor vehicle driver's license shall not be considered to be completed 
unless the applicant provides to the appropriate State motor vehicle 
authority proof that the applicant is a citizen of the United 
States.''.
            (2) Registration with voter registration agencies.--Section 
        7(a) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1973gg-5(a)) is amended by adding 
        at the end the following:
    ``(8) A voter registration application received by a voter 
registration agency shall not be considered to be completed unless the 
applicant provides to the agency proof that the applicant is a citizen 
of the United States.''.
            (3) Conforming amendment.--Section 8(a)(5)(A) of such Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 1973gg-6(a)(5)(A)) is amended by striking the 
        semicolon and inserting the following: ``, including the 
requirement that the applicant provide proof of citizenship;''.

SEC. 703. REMOVAL OF CERTAIN REGISTRANTS FROM OFFICIAL LIST OF ELIGIBLE 
              VOTERS.

    (a) In General.--Section 8(d) of the National Voter Registration 
Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg-6(d)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4); and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new 
        paragraph:
    ``(3)(A) At the option of the State, a State may remove the name of 
a registrant from the official list of eligible voters in elections for 
Federal office (and, if necessary, correct the registrar's record of 
the registrant's address) on the ground that the registrant has changed 
residence if--
            ``(i) the registrant has not voted or appeared to vote in 
        an election during the period beginning on the day after the 
        date of the second previous general election for Federal office 
        held prior to the date the confirmation notice described in 
        subparagraph (B) is sent and ending on the date of such notice;
            ``(ii) the registrant has not voted or appeared to vote in 
        any of the first two general elections for Federal office held 
        after the confirmation notice described in subparagraph (B) is 
        sent; and
            ``(iii) during the period beginning on the date the 
        confirmation notice described in subparagraph (B) is sent and 
        ending on the date of the second general election for Federal 
        office held after the date such notice is sent, the registrant 
        has failed to notify the State in response to the notice that 
        the registrant did not change his or her residence, or changed 
        residence but remained in the registrar's jurisdiction.
    ``(B) A confirmation notice described in this subparagraph is a 
postage prepaid and pre-addressed return card, sent by forwardable 
mail, on which a registrant may state his or her current address, 
together with information concerning how the registrant can continue to 
be eligible to vote if the registrant has changed residence to a place 
outside the registrar's jurisdiction and a statement that the 
registrant may be removed from the official list of eligible voters if 
the registrant does not respond to the notice (during the period 
described in subparagraph (A)(iii)) by stating that the registrant did 
not change his or her residence, or changed residence but remained in 
the registrar's jurisdiction.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 8(i)(2) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
1973gg-6(d)) is amended by inserting ``or subsection (d)(3)'' after 
``subsection (d)(2)''.

SEC. 704. PERMITTING STATE TO REQUIRE VOTERS TO PRODUCE ADDITIONAL 
              INFORMATION PRIOR TO VOTING.

    (a) Photographic Identification.--Section 8 of the National Voter 
Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg-6) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (j) as subsection (k); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (i) the following new 
        subsection:
    ``(j) Permitting States To Require Voters To Produce Photo 
Identification.--A State may require an individual to produce a valid 
photographic identification before receiving a ballot for voting in an 
election for Federal office.''.
    (b) Signature.--Section 8 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1973gg-6), as 
amended by subsection (a), is further amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (k) as subsection (l); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (j) the following new 
        subsection:
    ``(k) Permitting States To Require Voters To Provide Signature.--A 
State may require an individual to provide the individual's signature 
(in the presence of an election official at the polling place) before 
receiving a ballot for voting in an election for Federal office, other 
than an individual who is unable to provide a signature because of 
illiteracy or disability.''.

SEC. 705. REPEAL OF REQUIREMENT THAT STATES PERMIT REGISTRANTS CHANGING 
              RESIDENCE TO VOTE AT POLLING PLACE FOR FORMER ADDRESS.

    Section 8(e)(2) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (42 
U.S.C. 1973gg-6(e)(2)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(2)(A)'' and inserting ``(2)''; and
            (2) by striking ``election, at the option of the 
        registrant--'' and all that follows and inserting the 
        following: ``election shall be permitted to correct the voting 
        records for purposes of voting in future elections at the 
        appropriate polling place for the current address and, if 
        permitted by State law, shall be permitted to vote in the 
        present election, upon confirmation by the registrant of the 
        new address by such means as are required by law.''.
                                 <all>
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