In The

Court of Appeals

Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana

No. 06-13-00157-CR

MICHAEL J. GALLOWAY, Appellant

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

On Appeal from the Criminal District Court 4 of Dallas County

Dallas County, Texas

Trial Court No. F-1054301-K

Before Morriss, C.J., Carter and Moseley, JJ.

Memorandum Opinion by Justice Carter
2

MEMORANDUM OPINION

In Dallas County, Texas,1 Michael J. Galloway entered an open plea of guilty to 

abandoning a child with intent to return. The trial court deferred adjudication of guilt and placed 

Galloway on community supervision for a period of four years. About two years later, the State 

filed a motion to adjudicate guilt, alleging that Galloway violated six terms of his deferred 

adjudication community supervision. Galloway pled “not true” to the allegations. After a 

hearing, the trial court granted the State’s motion, found Galloway guilty of violating four of his 

supervision conditions, sentenced him to eighteen months’ confinement, and assessed court costs 

of $290.02. 

On appeal,

2 Galloway contends that the trial court erred (1) by allowing a Dallas County 

officer to testify from the reports prepared by a nontestifying Collin County community 

supervision officer, (2) by entering a judgment reflecting that he pled “true” to the State’s 

revocation allegations, (3) by entering a judgment indicating that he violated all of the 

community supervision terms alleged in the State’s motion to adjudicate, and (4) by assessing 

court costs against him in the absence of sufficient evidence to support such an assessment. 

We modify the judgment to reflect (1) a plea of not true and (2) a finding that Galloway 

violated only conditions H, K, R, and U of his community supervision as alleged in the State’s 

motion to adjudicate. We affirm the judgment, as modified.

 1

Originally appealed to the Fifth Court of Appeals, this case was transferred to this Court by the Texas Supreme 

Court pursuant to its docket equalization efforts. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 73.001 (West 2013). We decide 

this case pursuant to the precedent of the Fifth Court of Appeals. See TEX. R. APP. P. 41.3.

2

Galloway also appeals a separate conviction of abandoning a child with intent to return resulting in a sentence of 

eighteen months’ imprisonment in our cause number 06-13-00158-CR.
3

I. Background

The State’s motion to adjudicate guilt alleged that Galloway violated six terms of 

community supervision by failing to pay various fees, failing to submit a required urine sample, 

and/or failing to participate, as directed, in the Smart Start In-Home Program. It was also alleged 

that he consumed an alcoholic beverage. Galloway pled not true to the allegations.

At trial, the State’s only witness, Susan Webster, a Dallas County community supervision 

officer, testified, over Galloway’s objection, from documents relating to Galloway’s community 

supervision.3

 The documents and Webster’s testimony therefrom, indicated that Galloway had 

violated several provisions of his community supervision. Following Webster’s testimony, the 

State rested, and Galloway and his wife, Victoria, testified for the defense. 

II. Standard of Review 

We review a decision to adjudicate guilt in the same manner as we review a decision to 

revoke community supervision—for abuse of discretion. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN.

 3

Galloway objected and in his first two points of error argues that Webster’s testimony was hearsay and also 

inadmissible under Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004), and the Sixth Amendment because, as the records 

were prepared by others, Webster had no personal knowledge of the records’ allegations. As a result, Galloway 

argues he was deprived of the fundamental right to confront the witnesses. The State responds by citing Gutierrez v. 

State, an unpublished case involving a similar petition to adjudicate. See Gutierrez, No. 05-11-01380-CR, 2013 WL 

3533549, at *1 (Tex. App.—Dallas July 12, 2013, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication). Gutierrez

cites a line of cases holding that the Confrontation Clause does not apply during revocation hearings because they 

are administrative rather than judicial proceedings. See id. (citing Wisser v. State, 350 S.W.3d 161, 164 (Tex. 

App.—San Antonio 2001, no pet.); Trevino v. State, 218 S.W.3d 234, 239 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2007, 

no pet.); Smart v. State, 153 S.W.3d 118, 121 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2005, pet. ref’d)). Although we are obligated 

to follow the published precedent of the Dallas Court of Appeals in cases transferred from the Fifth Appellate 

District, Gutierrez is an unpublished opinion and is not a binding precedent. More importantly, the cases cited in 

Gutierrez were decided before Ex parte Doan, 369 S.W.3d 205 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012), in which the Texas Court of 

Criminal Appeals disavowed its prior cases holding that a community supervision revocation hearing was merely an 

administrative proceeding and holding, instead, that revocation hearings are judicial proceedings subject to the rules 

governing judicial proceedings. Id. at 212. Adjudication hearings are governed by the same rules as hearings to 

revoke community supervision and are, in practical terms, hearings on whether to revoke the defendant’s deferred 

adjudication community supervision. Leonard v. State, 385 S.W.3d 570, 572 n.1 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). With 

Galloway’s admissions that he violated conditions of his community supervision, this issue is moot. 
4

art. 42.12, § 5(b) (West Supp. 2013); Little v. State, 376 S.W.3d 217, 219 (Tex. App.—Fort 

Worth 2012, pet. ref’d) (citing Rickels v. State, 202 S.W.3d 759, 763 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006)); 

see In re T.R.S., 115 S.W.3d 318, 320 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2003, no pet.). In an adjudication

hearing, the trial court is the sole trier of the facts and determines the credibility of the witnesses 

and the weight given to their testimony. T.R.S., 115 S.W.3d at 321. A trial court’s decision to 

revoke community supervision and proceed to adjudication is examined in the light most 

favorable to the trial court’s order. Id.

To revoke deferred adjudication community supervision, the State must prove by a 

preponderance of the evidence every element of at least one ground for revocation. TEX. CODE 

CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 42.12, § 10 (West Supp. 2013); T.R.S., 115 S.W.3d at 320. Here, if the 

greater weight of credible evidence created a reasonable belief that Galloway violated a single

condition of his community supervision, then an abuse of discretion has not been shown. See 

Sanchez v. State, 603 S.W.2d 869, 871 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1980); T.R.S., 115 S.W.3d 

at 321 (citing Stevens v. State, 900 S.W.2d 348, 351 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1995, pet. ref’d)).

In its amended motion to adjudicate, the State alleged that Galloway violated condition H 

by failing to pay court costs and fines; condition J by failing to pay community supervision fees; 

condition K by failing to pay a Crime Stoppers fee; condition N by failing to submit to nondilute, random urine-sample testing as directed; condition R by consuming alcohol while at the 

Salvation Army on August 22, 2012; and condition U by failing to participate in the Smart Start

In-Home Program as directed. The trial court struck the State’s allegation regarding condition N
5

and then found that Galloway had violated conditions H, K, R, and U, but did not find a violation 

of condition J. 

II. Galloway’s Testimony is Sufficient Evidence 

Galloway testified in his own defense, and his testimony, alone, supports revocation. 

Galloway agreed that he still owed some fees, and he admitted to testing positive for alcohol 

consumption. On cross-examination, the following exchange took place:

Q: . . . you agree to Condition R, the one about, you know, 

consuming alcohol at the Salvation Army on August 22, 2012. That happened, 

didn’t it?

A: That happened.

Q: That is true?

A: That is true. 

There is sufficient evidence in the record from which the trial court could have found by 

a preponderance of the evidence that Galloway violated a condition of his supervision. 

Accordingly, we overrule these points of error. 

III. Modification of True Plea

Galloway also contends that the judgment inaccurately reflects (1) that he pled true to the 

State’s revocation allegations and (2) that he violated the conditions of his community 

supervision as alleged in the State’s motion. The State agrees with Galloway and asks that we 

modify the judgment. 

The judgment reflects that Galloway pled true to the State’s allegations, and the judgment 

makes a finding that, “[w]hile on community supervision, Defendant violated the terms and 

conditions of community supervision as set out in the State’s AMENDED Motion to Adjudicate 

Guilt as follows: See attached Motion to Adjudicate Guilt.” However, the reporter’s record 
6

establishes that Galloway pled not true to all of the allegations in the State’s motion and that the 

trial court returned true findings only on the allegations regarding conditions H, K, R, and U. 

The Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure give this Court authority to reform judgments and 

correct typographical errors to make the record speak the truth. TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2; French v. 

State, 830 S.W.2d 607, 609 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992); Gray v. State, 628 S.W.2d 228, 233 (Tex.

App.—Corpus Christi 1982, pet. ref’d). We hereby modify the trial court’s judgment to 

accurately reflect that Galloway pled not true to the State’s allegations and to accurately reflect 

the trial court’s findings that Galloway violated conditions H, K, R, and U as set out in the 

State’s amended motion to adjudicate guilt. 

IV. Court Costs

In his final point of error, Galloway argues that there is insufficient evidence to support 

the trial court’s assessment of $290.02 in court costs against him. 

“A clerk of a court is required to keep a fee record, and a statement of an item therein is 

prima facie evidence of the correctness of the statement.” Owen v. State, 352 S.W.3d 542, 547 

(Tex. App.—Amarillo 2011, no pet.) (citing TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 103.009(a), (c) 

(West 2006)). “A cost is not payable by the person charged with the cost until a written bill is 

produced or is ready to be produced, containing the items of cost, signed by the officer who 

charged the cost or the officer who is entitled to receive payment for the cost.” TEX. CODE CRIM.

PROC. ANN. art. 103.001 (West 2006). “In other words, a certified bill of costs imposes an 

obligation upon a criminal defendant to pay court costs, irrespective of whether . . . that bill is 

incorporated by reference into the written judgment.” Owen, 352 S.W.3d at 547. 
7

The clerk’s record in this case did not originally include a bill of costs. Following the 

precedent of the Dallas Court of Appeals, we ordered the Dallas County District Clerk to prepare 

and file an itemized bill of costs. See Franklin v. State, 402 S.W.3d 894, 895 (Tex. App.—

Dallas 2013, no pet.). In response, we received an unsigned, unsworn computer printout 

supporting the amount of costs along with a “Bill of Costs” certification signed by the Dallas 

County District Clerk averring that the printout constitutes “costs that have accrued to date.” 

The Dallas Court of Appeals has held that this type of filing constitutes a bill of costs. Crain v. 

State, No. 05–12–01219–CR, 2014 WL 357398, at *1 n.1 (Tex.App.—Dallas Jan. 31, 2014, no 

pet. h.) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (citing Coronel v. State, 416 S.W.3d 550, 555 

(Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, pet. ref’d)).

Because the supplemental record contains a bill of costs supporting the amount assessed, 

Galloway’s court-costs issue is moot. See Franklin, 402 S.W.3d at 895. We overrule this point 

of error. 

We affirm the trial court’s judgment, as modified. 

Jack Carter

Justice 

Date Submitted: March 31, 2014

Date Decided: May 22, 2014

Do Not Publish