The Honorable Ori T. White 

Pecos County Attorney 

103 West Callaghan 

Fort Stockton, Texas 79735 

Dear Mr. White: 

KEN PAXTON 

ATTORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAS 

December 4, 2015 

Opinion No. KP-0045 

Re: Whether nepotism laws prohibit a 

county hospital from employing a county 

judge's spouse (RQ-0030-KP)' 

You ask whether "the State's nepotism laws" prohibit the superintendent of the Pecos 

County Memorial Hospital (the "Hospital") from employing the county judge's spouse. 1 The 

state's prohibition on nepotism for a public official is in section 573.041 of the Government Code, 

which provides, in pertinent part, that 

[a] public official may not appoint, confirm the appointment of, or 

vote for the appointment or confirmation of the appointment of 

an individual to a position that is to be directly or indirectly' 

compensated from public funds or fees of office if: 

(1) the individual is related to the public official within a degree 

described by Section 573.002. 

TEX. Gov'T CODE§ 573.041.2 A county judge is a public official. TEX. CONST. art. V, § 15 

(establishing the office of county judge); TEX. Gov'T CODE§ 573.001(3)(A) (defining a "public 

official" for purposes of nepotism to include a county official). A husband and wife are related to 

each other in the first degree by affinity. Id.§ 573.025(a). Thus, a county judge Clearly may not 

appoint his or her spouse to a position· paid with public funds without violating the nepotism 

statute. By its terms, however, the nepotism prohibition applies only to a public official with 

statutory appointment or confirmation authority over the position in question. See Pena v. Rio 

Grande City Consol. Indep. Sch. Dist., 616 S.W.2d 658, 659-60 (Tex. Civ. App.-Eastland 1981, 

no writ) (noting that a person with such authority does not, even ifthe person attempts to delegate 

the authority to another, "abrogate or limit" the person's statutory authority or control); Tex. Att'y 

Gen. Op. No. DM-163 (1992) at 1. Thus, to determine whether the employment about which you 

1

See Letter from Honorable Ori T. White, Pecos Cnty. Att'y, to Honorable Ken Paxton, Tex. Att'y Gen. at 1, 

4 (June 18, 2015), https://www.texasattomeygeneral.gov/opinion/requests-for-opinion-rqs ("Request Letter"). 

2See also TEX. Gov'T CODE§ 573.002 (providing that applicable degrees of relationship are those "within 

the third degree by consanguinity or within the second degree by affinity"). 
The Honorable Ori T. White - Page 2 (KP-0045) 

ask is permissible, we consider whether the county judge has actual, statutory authority to hire a 

person to the position currently occupied by the judge's.spouse. 

County hospitals are governed by chapter 263 of the Health and Safety Code. See generally 

TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE§§ 263.0001-.102. The general management and control of the 

hospital, "including ... its officers and employees" belongs to the hospital's board of managers 

(the "Board"), an appointed group of county residents.3 Id.§ 263.046(a)(2). The Board appoints 

a superintendent to be "the chief executive officer of the hospital."4 Id. § 263.072(a). He or she 

"has general supervision and control of ... the internal affairs of the hospital, including discipline." 

Id. § 263.074(a)(3). The superintendent also "determine[s] the duties of ... employees of the 

hospital" and may discharge them for cause "at [his or her] discretion." Id. § 263.076(b)-(c); see 

also id. § 263.074(b) (requiring the superintendent to "enforce the bylaws and rules adopted by 

the [Board] for the government, discipline, and management of the hospital and its employees and 

patients"). With regard to hiring staff, "resident officers and employees considered proper and 

necessary by the superintendent for the efficient performance of the hospital's business" shall be 

appointed by the superintendent "[w]ith the consent of the [Board]." Id. § 263.076(a). Thus, the 

superintendent holds the power to appoint hospital employees, as does the Board because it must 

"consent" to any such appointment. See id. § 263.076(a). Neither the commissioners court nor 

the county judge, however, holds such authority. 5 Because the county judge has no authority to 

hire Hospital employees, the nepotism statute does not prohibit the Hospital superintendent from 

employing the county judge's spouse.6 See Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. GA-0595 (2008) at 5 

(similarly concluding that where a city charter reserves no authority to the city commissioners to 

appoint employees below department-head level, the nepotism prohibition does not prevent a city 

manager from appointing a relative of a city commissioner to such a position). 

Your second question is whether the county judge could take any particular steps "to avoid 

... a potential nepotism violation[,]" such as abstaining from voting on Hospital salary matters. 

Request Letter at 5. As we have concluded, the appointment by the superintendent of the county 

judge's spouse does not present a nepotism problem; therefore, we need not address its avoidance. 

3"[A]t least six but not more than 12 residents of the county" are appointed to the Board to two-year terms 

by the commissioners court. TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE§ 263.041(a). Once appointed, however, "the [B]oard 

is not accountable on a day-to-day basis to the commissioners court." Tex. Att'y Gen. L0-97-100, at 1. 

4The superintendent is appointed to his or her position by a hospital's board of managers and "holds office 

at the pleasure of the board." TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE§ 263.071(a). 

5You tell us that the commissioners court "usually selects one Commissioner to serve on the board." 

Request Letter at 2. We caution that this practice may run afoul of the self-appointment aspect of the common-law 

doctrine of incompatibility. See Ehlinger v. Clark, 8 S.W.2d 666, 674 (Tex. 1928); Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. GA0580 (2007) at 2 (concluding that the commissioners court cannot appoint one of its own members to an office over 

which the commissioners court has general appointment authority). 

6In Letter Opinion L0-89-50, this office concluded that the Tyler County Hospital District is precluded by 

the nepotism statute from employing the wife of the county judge. Tex. Att'y Gen. L0-89-50, at 2-3. In that instance, 

however, the county judge was statutorily obligated to serve on the hospital board. Id. at 1. In the present situation, 

the county judge does not serve on the hospital board. 
The Honorable Ori T. White - Page 3 (KP-0045) 

However, your question appears to address issues regarding potential conflicts of int~rest based 

not on the nepotism prohibition of chapter 573 but, rather, on the fact of the familial relationship 

of marriage. While we do not attempt a comprehensive survey of all potentially applicable law, 

you identify two specific facts that merit brief discussion. 

The first is that when the Board certifies "all bills and accounts, including salaries and 

wages" of the hospital, it "transmit[ s] them to the. commissioners court" for payment, which the 

commissioners court makes "in the same manner that other charges against the county are paid." 

TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE§ 263.053(b); see also TEX. Loe. Gov'T CODE§ 115.021 (claims 

against the county are audited and settled by the commissioners court, who "shall direct the 

payment of those accounts"). Presumably, your concern is that the county judge would, in essence, 

be voting for the salary of his spouse through this process in contravention of the oath a county 

judge takes that he "will not be interested, directly or indirectly, in a ... claim against the county 

except: (1) a contract or claim expressly authorized by law; or (2) a warrant issued to the judge or 

commissioner as a fee of office." TEX. Loe. Gov'T CODE§ 81.002(a). However, this office has 

previously concluded that the oath of office taken by county judges and commissioners is not 

violated by sole virtue of the officer having a community-property interest in a salary claim against 

the county held by a spouse who iS a county employee. See Tex. Att'y Gen. L0-93-008, at 3, Tex. 

Att'y Gen. Op. No. MW-437 (1982) at 3 (both concluding that a county commissioner does not 

violate an oath of office on account of a community-property interest in the salary earned from the 

county by a spouse). Thus, the mere fact that the county judge's wife's salary is among the group 

of claims being presented to the commissioners court for payment does not, by itself, constitute a 

violation of the county judge's oath. 

Second, you note the Health and Safety Code provision that "the county judge of the 

county in which the hospital is located may vote to break a tie vote by the [Board]." TEX. HEALTH 

& SAFETY CODE§ 263.042(b). You allude to the possibility that the Board could deadlock on a 

matter concerning the county judge's wife. Request Letter at 3-4; see also TEX. HEAL TH & SAFETY 

CODE§ 263.047(a) (providing that the Board "shall determine the salaries of the ... employees of 

the hospital"); Request Letter at 3 (referring to the Hospital's personnel policy, pursuant to which 

the Board "can hear [employee] grievances and vote to resolve" them). The county judge, 

however, is merely authorized, and not required, to vote in order to break a tie. To avoid any 

appearance of impropriety, the judge could abstain from voting to break a tie vote of the Board. 

And because the Board may be composed of "at least six but not more than 12 residents of the 

county," the commissioners court could preclude the scenario above from occurring by appointing 

an odd number of persons to the Board. See TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE§ 263.041(a). 
The Honorable Ori T. White - Page 4 (KP-0045) 

SUMMARY 

Because the county judge has no authority to hire employees . 

of the Pecos County Memorial Hospital, the nepotism statute does 

not prohibit the superintendent of the Hospital from. employing the 

spouse of the county judge. 

CHARLES E. ROY 

First Assistant Attorney General 

BRANTLEY STARR 

Deputy Attorney General for Legal Counsel 

VIRGINIA K. HOELSCHER 

Chair, Opinion Committee 

BECKY P. CASARES 

Very truly yours, 

KEN PAXTON 

Attorney General of Texas 

Assistant Attorney General, Opinion Committee