UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 23-1697

MELINDA H. GRIFFIS,

Plaintiff - Appellant,

v.

COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,

Defendant - Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina, at 

Asheville. Graham C. Mullen, Senior District Judge. (1:21-cv-00354-GCM)

Submitted: June 12, 2024 Decided: June 17, 2024

Before NIEMEYER, KING, and HEYTENS, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

ON BRIEF: Carol Goins, Asheville, North Carolina, for Appellant. Brian C. O’Donnell, 

Associate General Counsel, David N. Mervis, Senior Attorney, Dena J. King, United States

Attorney, James A. McTigue, Special Assistant United States Attorney, Office of the 

General Counsel, SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, Baltimore, Maryland, for 

Appellee.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.

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PER CURIAM:

The Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) considered Melinda H. Griffis’s application 

for disability insurance benefits and supplemental security income, alleging a disability 

onset date of January 23, 2017, due to generalized anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, bipolar 

disorder, personality disorder, degenerative disc disease, PTSD, hypothyroidism, and 

obesity.

1

 The ALJ ruled that Griffis was not disabled prior to January 8, 2019, but that she

became disabled on that date. Because Griffis’s insured status expired on June 30, 2018, 

her claim for disability insurance benefits was denied. However, she was granted 

Supplemental Security Income benefits commencing on January 8, 2019. 

Griffis challenged the denial of disability insurance benefits in district court. The 

district court affirmed the decision of the ALJ, and this appeal followed. On appeal, Griffis 

contends that the ALJ erred in failing to give controlling weight to the opinions of Deborah 

Barnett, Ph.D. (treating doctor) and Mindy E. Pardoll, Psy.D. (examining doctor). We 

affirm.

We review the Commissioner’s “decision only to determine if it is supported by 

substantial evidence and conforms to applicable and valid regulations.” Patterson v. 

Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 846 F.3d 656, 658 (4th Cir. 2017). Accordingly, we “must 

uphold the ALJ’s decision if the ALJ applied correct legal standards and if the factual 

findings are supported by substantial evidence.” Dowling v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 

986 F.3d 377, 382-83 (4th Cir. 2021) (internal quotation marks omitted). In this context, 

1 The current appeal only raises issues concerning Griffis’s mental health. 

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“[s]ubstantial evidence is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as 

adequate to support a conclusion.” Shelley C. v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 61 F.4th 341, 

353 (4th Cir. 2023) (internal quotation marks omitted). 

We do “not reweigh conflicting evidence, make credibility determinations, or 

substitute our judgment for that of the ALJ in reviewing for substantial error.” Id. (cleaned 

up). “Rather, where conflicting evidence allows reasonable minds to differ as to whether 

a claimant is disabled,” we “defer to the ALJ’s decision.” Shinaberry v. Saul, 952 F.3d 

113, 123 (4th Cir. 2020) (cleaned up). We do not, however, “reflexively rubber-stamp an 

ALJ’s findings,” Dowling, 986 F.3d at 383 (internal quotation marks omitted), and, to 

enable meaningful judicial review, “[t]he record should include a discussion of which 

evidence the ALJ found credible and why, and specific application of the pertinent legal 

requirements to the record evidence,” Radford v. Colvin, 734 F.3d 288, 295 (4th Cir. 2013); 

see also Brown v. Comm’r Soc. Sec. Admin., 873 F.3d 251, 269 (4th Cir. 2017) (explaining 

that “ALJ must build an accurate and logical bridge from the evidence to his conclusion” 

(internal quotation marks omitted)).

“When reviewing whether a claimant is disabled, the ALJ must evaluate every 

medical opinion received against the record evidence” and “determine the level of weight 

given to each medical opinion provided and received.” Shelley C., 61 F.4th at 353. For 

claims, like Griffis’s, that were filed before March 27, 2017,2 an ALJ is normally required 

2 The SSA has established a new regulatory framework for applications filed on or 

after March 27, 2017. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c (2023).

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to accord more weight to the medical opinion of a treating source than to that of a nontreating source when evaluating conflicting medical opinion evidence. Brown, 873 F.3d at 

268. “Accordingly, the treating physician rule requires that ALJs give controlling weight 

to a treating physician’s opinion . . . if that opinion is (1) well-supported by medically 

acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques and (2) not inconsistent with the 

other substantial evidence in the record.” Arakas v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 983 F.3d 

83, 106 (4th Cir. 2020) (internal quotation marks omitted) (noting that treating physician’s 

opinions can only be rejected if there is “persuasive contradictory evidence”). The ALJ 

must “provide a narrative discussion of how the evidence supported his conclusion” on this 

point, including by “identify[ing] which medical evidence” is inconsistent with the relevant 

physician’s opinion. Shelley C., 61 F.4th at 354 (internal quotation marks omitted). In 

addition, “greater weight is generally given to the medical opinion of an examining source 

who has directly examined the claimant.” Arakas, 983 F.3d at 110-11.

Here, the ALJ reviewed Barnett’s3 and Pardoll’s opinions, noting that their

examination notes and results did not support the extent of the limitations identified. 

Accordingly, the ALJ afforded the opinions little weight. The ALJ determined that the 

opinions were not consistent with Griffis’s daily activities or her medical record as a whole. 

The ALJ additionally concluded that some of the limitations noted were based only on 

Griffis’s subjective complaints. The ALJ particularly identified inconsistencies between 

Barnett’s ultimate conclusions and the exam results in the area of social functioning. 

3 Barnett’s opinion under review was conducted in 2017.

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In her brief on appeal, Griffis does not explain how the ALJ erred except to say that 

the opinions of Barnett, a treating physician, and Pardoll, an examining physician, were 

entitled to controlling weight. However, Griffis does not contend that the ALJ’s findings

that the doctors’ conclusions were not supported by their own treatment notes, exam 

results, or Griffis’s daily activities is incorrect. Further, Griffis does not dispute that, prior 

to 2019, she responded well to therapy and medication management. While Arakas 

provides guidance for the consideration of treating and examining physicians’ opinions, it 

does not require that controlling weight be given to such opinions if substantial evidence 

supports the conclusion that the opinions are unsupported or inconsistent with the record.

As such, we find that the ALJ’s conclusion that the opinions were not entitled to 

controlling weight is in accordance with the law and supported by substantial evidence. 

Thus, we affirm. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions 

are adequately presented in the materials before this court and argument would not aid the 

decisional process.

AFFIRMED

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