Conditionally GRANT; and Opinion Filed April 1, 2014.

S

In The

Court of Appeals

Fifth District of Texas at Dallas

No. 05-14-00249-CV

IN RE DALLAS COUNTY HOSPITAL DISTRICT D/B/A PARKLAND HEALTH & 

HOSPITAL SYSTEM, Relator

Original Proceeding from the 44th Judicial District Court

Dallas County, Texas

Trial Court Cause No. DC-13-15335

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Justices O'Neill, Lang, and Brown 

Opinion by Justice O'Neill

Relators filed this mandamus proceeding after the trial court ordered relator to submit to a 

pre-suit deposition pursuant to Rule 202 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure. We conclude the 

trial court abused its discretion and relator has no adequate remedy by appeal. We therefore 

conditionally grant the writ of mandamus. 

I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL CONTEXT

On December 31, 2013, real party in interest filed a verified petition under Rule 202 of 

the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure seeking the pre-suit deposition and production of documents 

from relator, Dallas County Hospital District d/b/a Parkland Health & Hospital System 

(“Parkland”) for use in an anticipated suit. Relator’s petition did not allege that the pre-suit 

discovery would prevent a failure or delay of justice. The trial court conducted a hearing on the 

petition for pre-suit deposition. Upon conclusion of the hearing, the trial court found that 

allowing real party to take the requested deposition might prevent a failure or delay of justice in 
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an anticipated suit and ordered Parkland to submit to an oral deposition and produce documents 

pursuant to Rule 202. 

II. STANDARD FOR MANDAMUS RELIEF

To obtain mandamus relief, relator must show both that the trial court has abused its 

discretion and that relator has no adequate appellate remedy. In re Prudential Ins. Co., 148 

S.W.3d 124, 135–36 (Tex. 2004) (orig. proceeding); Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833, 839–40 

(Tex. 1992) (orig. proceeding). A trial court has “no ‘discretion’ in determining what the law is 

or applying the law to facts.” In re Prudential, 148 S.W.3d at 135 (quoting Walker, 827 S.W.2d 

at 840). In cases in which the trial court abuses its discretion in improperly granting a pre-suit 

deposition, the order is reviewable by mandamus because the relator has no adequate remedy by 

appeal. Patton Boggs LLP v. Moseley, 394 S.W.3d 565, 571 (Tex. App.—Dallas, 2011, no pet.). 

III. REQUIREMENTS OF RULE 202

A trial court’s order permitting discovery under Rule 202 is reviewed under an abuse of 

discretion standard. Patton Boggs, 394 S.W.3d at 568–69. Rule 202 depositions are not 

intended for routine use. In re Jorden, 249 S.W.3d 416, 423 (Tex. 2008) (orig. proceeding). 

“Courts must strictly limit and carefully supervise pre-suit discovery to prevent abuse of the 

rule.” In re Wolfe, 341 S.W.3d 932, 933 (Tex. 2011) (orig. proceeding). 

Rule 202.1 provides two possible bases for authorizing pre-suit discovery. Rule 202.1(a) 

provides for depositions to perpetuate testimony for use in an anticipated suit, while Rule 

202.1(b) provides for depositions to investigate a potential claim or suit. TEX. R. CIV. P. 202.1. 

Rule 202.4 addresses the findings a trial court must make in allowing pre-suit depositions. Rule 

202.4 provides:

(a) Required Findings. The court must order a deposition to be taken if, but only 

if, it finds that:
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(1) allowing the petitioner to take the requested deposition may prevent a failure 

or delay of justice in an anticipated suit; or

(2) the likely benefit of allowing the petitioner to take the requested deposition to 

investigate a potential claim outweighs the burden or expense of the procedure.

TEX. R. CIV. P. 202.4(a). 

Ultimately, the decision a petitioner makes as to which reason he requests a Rule 202 

deposition affects the finding the trial court is required to make to support an order allowing a 

Rule 202 deposition. If the petitioner requests a deposition to obtain testimony for use in an 

anticipated suit, the trial court must find that allowing the petitioner to take the requested 

deposition may prevent a failure or delay of justice. In re Denton, No. 10-08-00255-CV, 2009 

WL 471524, at *2 (Tex. App.—Waco Feb. 25, 2009, orig. proceeding) (mem. op.). If the 

petitioner requests a deposition to investigate a potential claim, however, the trial court must find 

that the likely benefit of allowing the petitioner to take the requested deposition to investigate a 

potential claim outweighs the burden or expense of the procedure. Id.; Patton Boggs, 394 

S.W.3d at 570. The trial court must expressly make the findings required under Rule 202.4; 

Rule 202.4 does not permit the required findings to be implied from the record. See In re Does 1 

and 2, 337 S.W.3d 862, 865 (Tex. 2011). A trial court abuses its discretion in ordering a pre-suit 

deposition under Rule 202 if it fails to make the required findings. Patton Boggs, 394 S.W.3d at 

571. 

Here, real party sought the deposition of relator under Rule 202.1(b) to investigate a 

potential claim or suit. Accordingly, the trial court was required to find, and did find, that the 

pre-suit discovery was necessary because it might prevent a failure or delay of justice in the 

anticipated suit. Real party argued at the hearing on the motion that the deposition might 

become necessary because Parkland has high employee turnover. The record does not 

demonstrate that real party offered any evidence in support of its concerns or explain how its 
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concern related to high employee turnover might be relevant to a request to depose a corporate 

representative, rather than a specific, named individual. It is not sufficient to articulate a “vague 

notion” that evidence will become unavailable by the passing of time without producing 

evidence to support such a claim. See In re Hochheim Prairie Farm Mut. Ins. Ass’n, 115 S.W.3d 

793, 795-796 (Tex. App.— Beaumont 2003, orig. proceeding). Even sworn or verified 

pleadings are not generally considered competent evidence to prove the facts alleged in the 

pleadings. Laidlaw Waste Sys. (Dallas), Inc. v. City of Wilmer, 904 S.W.2d 656, 660 (Tex. 

1995). Similarly, argument of counsel is not evidence and cannot supply the factual basis for 

granting a Rule 202 petition. In re Rockafellow, No. 07-11-00066-CV, 2011 WL 2848638, at *4

(Tex. App.—Amarillo July 19, 2011, orig. proceeding) (mem. op.); Love v. Moreland, 280 

S.W.3d 334, 336 n. 3 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2008, no pet.).

It is an abuse of discretion for a trial court to order a Rule 202 deposition when the party 

seeking the deposition fails to provide any evidence to meet the burden of establishing the facts 

necessary to support ordering a Rule 202 deposition. See In re Campo, No. 05-13-00477-CV, 

2013 WL 3929251, at *1 (Tex. App.—Dallas July 26, 2013, orig. proceeding) (mem. op.)

(mandamus conditionally granted where no evidence was presented to the trial court at the 

hearing on the motion and party seeking Rule 202 deposition did not formally offer or admit its 

verified pleading at the hearing). The trial court clearly abused its discretion in ordering the Rule 

202 deposition in the absence of evidence supporting real party’s contention that the deposition 

was necessary to prevent a failure or delay of justice in the anticipated suit.

IV. SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY

Parkland also argues that the trial court abused its discretion in granting pre-suit 

discovery under Rule 202 because real party failed to plead a basis for overcoming governmental 

immunity. A Rule 202 proceeding is in aid to an anticipated suit; it is not an end in itself. City 
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of Dallas v. Dallas Black Fire Fighters Ass’n, 353 S.W.3d 547, 553 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, 

no pet.). Rule 202 does not in itself waive sovereign immunity. Id.at 553–54. In determining 

whether a court has jurisdiction in a Rule 202 proceeding, the Court must look to the substantive 

law governing the anticipated suit. Id. at 554. In a case involving governmental immunity, the 

rule 202 petition must be sufficiently specific to demonstrate a basis for overcoming 

governmental immunity. Id. at 557; A Rule 202 petition may often have to plead more than the 

minimum required by Rule 202 in order to affirmatively demonstrate the trial court's subjectmatter jurisdiction over the proceedings. Id.; Combs v. Texas Civil Rights Project, 410 S.W.3d 

529, 536 (Tex. App.—Austin 2013, pet. filed). “The petition must also set forth specific facts 

demonstrating that, at least potentially, the petitioner has been injured by actions that would 

amount to a claim which would not be barred by sovereign immunity.” Combs, 410 S.W.3d at 

536. 

Real party’s petition does not plead any specific basis for overcoming sovereign 

immunity. At the hearing on the petition to take pre-suit deposition, counsel for real party argued 

that he suspected that despite the contrary statements given to real party in his termination 

proceedings, real party might have been terminated based on his age. His petition for pre-trial 

deposition, however, states only, “the subject matter of the anticipated suit/claim is Parkland's 

termination of Petitioner's employment in July 2013, ” “Parkland may be liable to Petitioner for 

the anticipated causes of action,” “during the course of Petitioner's termination, Parkland refused 

to provide Petitioner with specific reasons for his termination,” “during his initial 

[administrative] appeal of his termination Parkland continued to refuse to provide Petitioner with 

complete details of the basis for his termination.” These bases, even had they been supported 

with evidence offered at the hearing, could not provide a basis for overcoming sovereign 

immunity. The trial court abused its discretion in concluding that real party was entitled to 
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discovery under Rule 202 under the facts of this case because there was no evidence before the 

trial court that could provide a basis for concluding that real party’s potential claim would not be 

barred by sovereign immunity.

V. CONCLUSION

For the reasons set forth above, we CONDITIONALLY GRANT the relator’s petition 

for writ of mandamus. A writ will issue only in the event the trial court fails to vacate its 

February 7, 2014 Order on Petitioner Daniel Mergen’s Verified Petition to Take Deposition 

Before Suit.

140249F.P05

/Michael J. O'Neill/

MICHAEL J. O'NEILL

JUSTICE