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                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Microbial and Chemical Food Safety: Wyndmoor, PA
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ARS Home Northeast Area Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania Eastern Regional Research Center Microbial and Chemical Food Safety People & Locations







Gary P Richards
                        Microbial and Chemical Food Safety

                        




                        
                        Microbiologist
                        Phone: (302) 857-6419
                        
                        
                        Fax: (302) 857-6451(Employee information on this page comes from the REE Directory. Please contact your front office staff to update the REE Directory.)
                            ProjectsInnovative Detection and Intervention Technologies Mitigating Shellfish-borne Pathogens
                                                    In-House Appropriated
                                                                    (D)Accession Number: 439581**Publications**
                                                (Clicking on the reprint icon
                                                    Reprint Icon
                                                    will take you to the publication reprint.)Predator-prey interactions between Halobacteriovorax and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains: geographical considerations and influence of Vibrio hemolysins
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Watson, M.A., Williams, H.N., Jones, J.L. 2023. Predator-prey interactions between Halobacteriovorax and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains: geographical considerations and influence of Vibrio hemolysins. Microbiology Spectrum. 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02353-23.Bacteriophages improve survival and metamorphosis of larval Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) exposed to Vibrio coralliilyticus (strain RE98)
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Madison, D., Richards, G.P., Sulakvelidze, A., Langdon, C. 2022. Bacteriophages improve survival and metamorphosis of larval Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) exposed to Vibrio coralliilyticus (strain RE98). Aquaculture. 555(2022)738242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738242.Vibrio coralliilyticus induction of virulence toward larval oysters and corals at elevated seawater temperatures and potential mitigation strategies

- (Proceedings)Richards, G.P., Ushijima, B. 2021. Vibrio coralliilyticus induction of virulence toward larval oysters and corals at elevated seawater temperatures and potential mitigation strategies. Proceedings of US-Japan Natural Resources Panel on Aquaculture. p. 104-110.Bacteriophages against Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio tubiashii: Isolation, characterization and remediation of larval oyster mortalities
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Watson, M.A., Madison, D., Soffer, N., Needleman, D.S., Soroka, D.S., Uknalis, J., Baranzoni, G., Church, K.M., Poison, S.W., Elston, R., Langdon, C., Sulakvelictze, A. 2021. Bacteriophages against Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio tubiashii: Isolation, characterization and remediation of larval oyster mortalities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 87. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00008-21.Seasonal and geographical differences in total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulninficus levels in seawater and oysters from the Delaware and  Chesapeake Bays using several methods
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Parveen, S., Jacobs, J., Ozbay, G., Chintapenta, L., Almuhaideb, E., Meredith, J., Ossai, S., Abbott, A., Grant, A., Brohawn, K., Chigbu, P., Richards, G.P. 2020. Seasonal and geographical differences in total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulninficus levels in seawater and oysters from the Delaware and  Chesapeake Bays using several methods. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 86(23). https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01581-20.Development and evaluation of polymorphic locus sequence typing for epidemiological tracking of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Edlind, T., Richards, G.P. 2019. Development and evaluation of polymorphic locus sequence typing for epidemiological tracking of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2019.2649.Bacteriophages against pathogenic vibrios in Delaware Bay oysters (Crassostrea virginica) during a period of high levels of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Chintapenta, L.K., Watson, M.A., Abbott, A.G., Ozbay, G., Uknalis, J., Oyelade, A., Parveen, S. 2019. Bacteriophages against pathogenic vibrios in Delaware Bay oysters (Crassostrea virginica) during a period of high levels of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus. Food and Environmental Virology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-019-09365-5.Whole genome sequences of two Pseudoalteromonas piscicida strains DE1-A and DE2-A, which exhibit strong antibacterial activity against Vibrio vulnificus

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Needleman, D.S., Watson, M.A., Poulson, S.W. 2019. Whole genome sequences of two Pseudoalteromonas piscicida strains DE1-A and DE2-A, which exhibit strong antibacterial activity against Vibrio vulnificus. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 8:e01451-18.Complete genome sequence of Vibrio coralliilyticus RE22, a marine bacterium pathogenic toward larval shellfish
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Kingham, B., Shevchenko, O., Watson, M.A., Needleman, D.S. 2018. Complete genome sequence of Vibrio coralliilyticus RE22, a marine bacterium pathogenic toward larval shellfish. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 7(17):e01332-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA01332-18.Factors affecting infection of corals and larval oysters by vibrio coralliilyticus
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Ushijima, B., Richards, G.P., Watson, M.A., Schubiger, C.B., Hase, C.C. 2018. Factors affecting infection of corals and larval oysters by vibrio coralliilyticus. PLoS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199475.Three draft genomes of Vibrio coralliilyticus strains isolated from bivalve hatcheries

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Kehlet-Delgado, H., Richards, G.P., Hase, C., Mueller, R.S. 2017. Three draft genomes of Vibrio coralliilyticus strains isolated from bivalve hatcheries. Genome Announcements. Volume 5: Issue 41 e01162-17.Complete genome sequence of Pseudoalteromononas piscicida strain DE2-B, a bacterium with broad inhibitory activity toward human and fish pathogens

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Needleman, D.S., Watson, M.A. 2017. Complete genome sequence of Pseudoalteromononas piscicida strain DE2-B, a bacterium with broad inhibitory activity toward human and fish pathogens. Genome Announcements. http://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.00752-17.Pseudomonas piscicida kills vibrios by two distinct mechanisms

- (Abstract Only)Richards, G.P. 2017. Pseudomonas piscicida kills vibrios by two distinct mechanisms. Meeting Abstract. doi.org/10.1128/AEM00800-17.Mechanisms for pseudoalteromonas piscicida-induced killing of vibrios and other bacterial pathogens

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Watson, M.A., Needleman, D.S., Uknalis, J., Boyd, E., Fay, J.P. 2017. Mechanisms for pseudoalteromonas piscicida-induced killing of vibrios and other bacterial pathogens. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00175-17.Persistence and elimination of human norovirus in food and on food contact surfaces: a critical review

- (Review Article)Cook, N., Knight, A., Richards, G.P. 2016. Persistence and elimination of human norovirus in food and on food contact surfaces: a critical review. Journal of Food Protection. 79(7):1273-1294.Hatchery mortalities of larval oysters caused by Vibrio tubiashii and Vibrio coralliilyticus

- (Abstract Only)Richards, G.P. 2016. Hatchery mortalities of larval oysters caused by Vibrio tubiashii and Vibrio coralliilyticus. Meeting Abstract. Aquaculture 2016, Las Vegas, NV, February 22-26, 2016, Page 666.Purification and host specificity of predatory halobacteriovorax isolated from seawater

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Fay, J.P., Uknalis, J., Olanya, O.M., Watson, M.A. 2016. Purification and host specificity of predatory halobacteriovorax isolated from seawater. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 82(3):922-927.A critical review on the survival and elimination of norovirus in food and on food contact surfaces

- (Review Article)Cook, N., Knight, A., Richards, G.P., Stein, J. 2015. A critical review on the survival and elimination of norovirus in food and on food contact surfaces. Review Article. https://www.food.gov.uk/science/research/foodborneillness/b14programme/fs101120.Complete genome sequence of the larval shellfish pathogen Vibrio Tubiashii type strain ATCC 19109

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Needleman, D.S., Watson, M.A., Bono, J.L. 2014. Complete genome sequence of the larval shellfish pathogen Vibrio Tubiashii type strain ATCC 19109. Genome Announcements. 2(6); e01252-14.  DOI: 10.1128/genomeA01252-14.Mortalities of eastern and pacific oyster larvae caused by the pathogens Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio tubiashii

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Watson, M.A., Needleman, D.S., Church, K.M., Hase, C.C. 2014. Mortalities of eastern and pacific oyster larvae caused by the pathogens Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio tubiashii. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 81:292-297.Bacteriophage remediation of bacterial pathogens in aquaculture: a review of the technology

- (Literature Review)Richards, G.P. 2014. Bacteriophage remediation of bacterial pathogens in aquaculture: a review of the technology. Bacteriophage. doi:10.4161/21597081.2014.975540.Complete genome sequence for the shellfish pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus RE98 isolated from a shellfish hatchery

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Bono, J.L., Watson, M.A., Needleman, D.S. 2014. Complete genome sequence for the shellfish pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus RE98 isolated from a shellfish hatchery. Genome Announcements. DOI:10.1128/genomeA.01253-14.Development of a two-step, non-probed multiplex real-time PCR for surveilling Vibrio anguillarum in seawater

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hickey, M.E., Richards, G.P., Lee, J. 2014. Development of a two-step, non-probed multiplex real-time PCR for surveilling Vibrio anguillarum in seawater. Journal of Fish Diseases. 38:551-559.Potential for bio-control of food-borne pathogens with Bacteriovorax spp. and implications for food safety

- (Abstract Only)Olanya, O.M., Richards, G.P. 2014. Potential for bio-control of food-borne pathogens with Bacteriovorax spp. and implications for food safety. Meeting Abstract. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference and Exhibition on Food Processing and Technology. Las Vegas, Nevada. 2014. Volume 5: Page 47.Shellfish-associated enteric virus illness: virus localization, disease outbreaks and prevention

- (Book / Chapter)Richards, G.P. 2016. Shellfish-associated enteric virus illness: virus localization, disease outbreaks and prevention. In: Goyal, S.M. and Cannon, J.L. (editors). Viruses in Foods. 2nd Edition Springer Nature, New York, NY. p. 185-207.Enteric virus and vibrio contamination of shellfish: intervention strategies

- (Proceedings)Richards, G.P. 2013. Enteric virus and vibrio contamination of shellfish: intervention strategies. Symposium Proceedings. In: Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.Food Safety for the Food Industry, Gwangju, South Kore, November 13-15,2013.pp.57-58Loss of sigma factor RpoN increases intestinal colonization of vibrio parahaemolyticus in an adult mouse model"

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Whitaker, W., Richards, G.P., Boyd, E. 2014. Loss of sigma factor RpoN increases intestinal colonization of vibrio parahaemolyticus in an adult mouse model". Infection and Immunity. 82:544-556.Seasonal levels of the Vibrio predator Bacteriovorax in Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf Coast Seawater

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Watson, M.A., Boyd, F., Burkhardt Iii, W., Lau, R., Uknalis, J., Fay, J.P. 2013. Seasonal levels of the Vibrio predator Bacteriovorax in Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf Coast Seawater. International Journal of Microbiology. doi:10.1155/2013/375371.Detection of enteric viruses in shellfish

- (Proceedings)Richards, G.P., Cliver, D.O., Greening, G.E. 2013. Detection of enteric viruses in shellfish. Meeting Proceedings. G. Sauve, editor In Molluscan Shellfish Safety, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Molluscan Shellfish Safety, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, June 12-17, 2011.Springer, New York, pp. 177-183.An introduction to food and waterborne viruses: diseases, transmission, outbreaks, detection and control

- (Book / Chapter)Cook, N., Richards, G.P. 2013. An introduction to food and waterborne viruses: diseases, transmission, outbreaks, detection and control. Book Chapter. Food and Waterborne Viruses, Woodhead Publishing Co, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp.3-18..Natural modulators of Vibrios in seawater and shellfish

- (Abstract Only)Murine macrophage inflammatory cytokine production and immune activation in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Waters, S., Luther, S., Joerger, T., Richards, G.P., Boyd, E., Parent, M.A. 2013. Murine macrophage inflammatory cytokine production and immune activation in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Microbiology and Immunology. 57(4):323-328.Noroviruses in shellfish and other foods: challenges of the 21st century

- (Trade Journal)Richards, G.P., Kingsley, D.H. 2013. Noroviruses in shellfish and other foods: challenges of the 21st century. Food Safety Magazine. 19(1):56-61.Resilience of norovirus GII.4 to freezing and thawing:implications for virus infectivity

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Watson, M.A., Meade, G.K., Hovan, G.L., Kingsley, D.H. 2012. Resilience of norovirus GII.4 to freezing and thawing:implications for virus infectivity. Food and Environmental Virology. 4:192-197.Predatory bacteria as natural modulators of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in seawater and oysters

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Fay, J.P., Dickens, K.A., Parent, M.A., Soroka, D.S., Boyd, E. 2012. Predatory bacteria as natural modulators of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in seawater and oysters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 78:7455-7466.Vibrio parahaemolyticus ToxRS regulator is required for stress tolerance and colonization in a novel orogastric streptomycin-induced adult murine model

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Whitaker, B.W., Parent, M.A., Aoife, B., Richards, G.P., Boyd, F.E. 2012. Vibrio parahaemolyticus ToxRS regulator is required for stress tolerance and colonization in a novel orogastric streptomycin-induced adult murine model. Infection and Immunity. 80:1834-1845.Light scattering sensor for real-time identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. cholera colonies on solid agar plates

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Huff, K., Aroonnual, A., Bae, E., Banada, P., Rajwa, B., Rajwa, B., Hirleman, E.D., Robinson, J.P., Richards, G.P., Bhunia, A. 2012. Light scattering sensor for real-time identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. cholera colonies on solid agar plates. Microbial Biotechnology. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2012.00349.x.Water quality parameters and total aerobic bacterial and vibrionaceae loads in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from oyster gardening sites

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Fay, J., Richards, G.P., Ozbay, G. 2012. Water quality parameters and total aerobic bacterial and vibirionaceae loads in eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) from oyster gardening sites. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 64:628-637.Critical review of norovirus surrogates in food safety research: rationale for considering volunteer studies

- (Review Article)Richards, G.P. 2012. Critical review of norovirus surrogates in food safety research: rationale for considering volunteer studies. Food and Environmental Virology. 4:6-13.Hemocytes are sites of persistence for virus-contaminated oysters

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Provost, K., Ozbay, G., Anderson, R., Richards, G.P., Kingsley, D.H. 2011. Hemocytes are sites of persistence for virus-contaminated oysters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77:8360-8369.Foodborne viruses

- (Book / Chapter)Richards, G.P., Cliver, D.O., Greening, G. 2013. Foodborne viruses.In: S. Doores, Y. Salfinger and M.L. Tortorello. Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods, 5th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. Book Chapter. Doi:10.2105/MBEF.0222.049.In memoriam Dean Otis Cliver 1935-2011

- (Other)Richards, G.P. 2011. In memoriam Dean Otis Cliver 1935-2011. Food and Environmental Virology. 3(3):99-108. DOI: 10.1007/s12560-011-9064-7.Human norovirus inactivation in oysters by high hydrostatic pressure processing: A randomized double-blinded study

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Leon, J., Kingsley, D.H., Montes, J., Richards, G.P., Lyon, G., Abdulhafid, G., Seitz, S., Fernandez, M., Teunis, P.F., Flick, G.J., Moe, C.L. 2011. Human norovirus inactivation in oysters by high hydrostatic pressure processing: A randomized double-blinded study. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 77(15):5476-82.Sensitive detection of multiple hepatitis A virus genotypes with a single polony-based assay

- (Abstract Only)Inaccuracies in predicting human norovirus inactivation using surrogate viruses

- (Abstract Only)Richards, G.P. 2011. Inaccuracies in predicting human norovirus inactivation using surrogate viruses. Journal of Shellfish Research, Volume 30, Issue 2, P. 548.Pursuit of methods to propagate norovirus: decades of research

- (Proceedings)Richards, G.P. 2010. Pursuit of methods to propagate norovirus: decades of research.  Pursuit of human norovirus propagation methods: decades of research. Edited by P.Lassus. Proceedings of the 7th International Conf. on Molluscan Shellfish Safety, Nantes, France, 14-19, June, 2009, pages 100-107High pressure processing inactivates human norovirus within oysters

- (Abstract Only)Kingsley, D.H., Leon, J.S., Richards, G.P., Flick, G., Lyon, G.M., Abdulhafid, G., Sobolik, J., Creadore, A., Seitz, S., Smith, E., Fernandez, M., Moe, C. 2010. High pressure processing inactivates human norovirus within oysters [abstract]. Annual Meeting at American Society for Virology. p. 1.Growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 at Different Salt Concentrations Modulates Responses to pH and Temperature Stresses

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Whitaker, B.W., Michelle, P.A., Naughton, L.M., Richards, G.P., Blumerman, S.L., Boyd, F.E. 2010. Growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 at Different Salt Concentrations Modulates Responses to pH and Temperature Stresses. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 76:720-729.Processing Strategies to Inactivate Enteric Viruses in Shellfish: Limitations of Surrogate Viruses and Molecular Methods

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Macleod, C., Le Guyader, F.S. 2010. Processing Strategies to Inactivate Enteric Viruses in Shellfish: Limitations of Surrogate Viruses and Molecular Methods. Food and Environmental Virology. Available: doi:10.107/s12560-010-9045-2.Fluorogenic membrane overlays to enumerate total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and total Vibrionaceae in shellfish and seawater

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Watson, M.A. 2010. Fluorogenic membrane overlays to enumerate total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and total Vibrionaceae in shellfish and seawater. Internationl Journal of Microbiology. Vol 2010, Article ID 910486, http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijmb/2010/910486.html.The Influence of Feral Horse Activity on Water and Shellfish (Gukensia demissa) Quality Along the Western Coast of Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Lambert, M.S., Ozbay, G., Richards, G.P. 2009. The Influence of Feral Horse Activity on Water and Shellfish (Gukensia demissa) Quality Along the Western Coast of Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland. Estuaries and Coasts - Journal of the Estuarine Research Federation. 57:405-415.AN OVERVIEW OF ENTERIC VIRUS EXTRACTION AND ASSAY METHODS

- (Proceedings)Richards, G.P. 2009. AN OVERVIEW OF ENTERIC VIRUS EXTRACTION AND ASSAY METHODS. In:P.Busby (ed)., Proceedings of the 6th Int'l Conference on Molluscan Shellfish Safety, Blenheim, New Zealand. pp.111-118.SHEWANELLA AND PHOTOBACTERIUM IN OYSTERS AND SEAWATER FROM THE DELAWARE BAY

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Watson, M.A., Crane, E.J., Bushek, D., Burt, I. 2008. Shewanella and photobacterium in oysters and seawater from the delaware bay. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 74(11):3323-3327.AN OVERVIEW OF VIRUS EXTRACTION AND ASSAY METHODS

- (Abstract Only)Richards, G.P. 2007. An overview of virus extraction and assay methods. Abstract. 6th International Conference on Molluscan Shellfish Safety, Blenheim, New Zealand. p.78.A SIMPLE FLUOROGENIC METHOD TO ASSESS VIBRIO CHOLERAE AND AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA IN WELL WATER

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Watson, M.A. 2006. A simple fluorogenic method to assess vibrio cholerae and aeromonas hydrophila in well water. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 65(3):516-521DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS TO GENUS AND SPECIES LEVELS USING A NONINVASIVE MODIFIED LIGHT SCATTEROMETER - BARDOT

- (Abstract Only)Huff, K.R., Banada, P.P., Bae, E., Bayraktar, B., Rajwa, B., Robinson, J.P., Hirleman, E.D., Richards, G.P., Bhunia, A.K. 2006. Detection and identification of foodborne pathogens to genus and species levels using a noninvasive modified light scatterometer - bardot. American Society for Microbiology. P-075.SPECIFICITY OF A VIBRIO VULNIFICUS AMINOPEPTIDASE TOWARD KININS AND OTHER PEPTIDYL SUBSTRATES

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Nunez, A. 2006. Specificity of a vibrio vulnificus aminopeptidase toward kinins and other peptidyl substrates. Journal of Bacteriology. Mar. 2006. p. 2056-2062.SHELLFISH-ASSOCIATED VIRAL DISEASE OUTBREAKS

- (Book / Chapter)Richards, G.P. 2006. Shellfish-associated viral disease outbreaks. Book Chapter. In Viruses in Foods, (S.M. Goyal, Editor), Springer, New York. pp. 223-238.THE COLONY OVERLAY PROCEDURE FOR PEPTIDASES TO DETECT AND ENUMERATE TOTAL VIBRIONACEAE IN MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH AND THEIR GROWING WATERS

- (Abstract Only)Richards, G.P. 2005.  The colony overlay procedure for peptidases to detect and enumerate total Vibrionaceae in molluscan shellfish and their growing waters. First Interstate Shellfish Safety Conference/International Conference on Molluscan Shellfish Safety Joint Workshop and Integration of Science into Policy:  Special Emphasis on Vibrios and Viruses Abstract p.33.A NOVEL, ENZYME-BASED ASSAY FOR THE RAPID AND SIMPLE DETECTION OF VIBRIOS IN SHELLFISH AND SEAWATER

- (Other)Richards, G.P., Bushek, D. 2005. A novel, enzyme-based assay for the rapid and simple detection of vibrios in shellfish and seawater. International Association for Food Protection. Abstract P4-27. p. 130.DIVERSITY AND SEASONALITY OF THE VIBRIONACEAE IN OYSTERS (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA)AND SEAWATER IN DELAWARE BAY

- (Abstract Only)Richards, G.P., Burt, I.G., David, B. 2005. Diversity and seasonality of the vibrionaceae in oysters (crassostrea virginica)and seawater in delaware bay. (Abstract). National Shellfisheries Association. Pg. 46.DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMPLE AND RAPID FLUOROGENIC PROCEDURE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF VIBRIONACEAE FAMILY MEMBERS

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Watson, M.A., Parveen, S.A. 2005. Development of a simple and rapid fluorogenic procedure for the identification of vibrionaceae family members. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71:3524-3527.A SURVEY FOR PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE WITH LYSYL AMINOPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY IN VIBRIONACEAE AND NON-VIBRIO PATHOGENS

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Parveen, S.A. 2005. A survey for phosphoglucose isomerase with lysyl aminopeptidase activity in vibrionaceae and non-vibrio pathogens. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1748:128-133.MOLECULAR METHODS TO DETECT ENTERIC VIRUSES IN MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH

- (Proceedings)Richards, G.P. 2004. Molecular methods to detect enteric viruses in molluscan shellfish. Proceedings of Molecular Methods to detect enteric viruses in molluscan shellfish. p.43-49.DETECTION OF VIBRIOS IN OYSTERS CRASSOSTRTEA VIRGINICA AND SEAWATER USING A NEW, RAPID, SIMPLE, AND QUANTITATIVE ENZYME-BASED ASSAY

- (Abstract Only)Richards, G.P., Watson, M.A., Burt, I.G., Bushek, D. 2005. Detection of vibrios in oysters crassostrtea virginica and seawater using a new, rapid, simple, and quantitative enzyme-based assay. (Abstract). Aquaculture America. Paper # 8128.STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES OF PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE FROM VIBRIO VULNIFICUS AND ITS LYSYL AMINOPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P. 2004. Structural and functional analyses of phosphoglucose isomerase from Vibrio vulnificus and its lysyl aminopeptidase activity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1702:89-102.GENOGROUP I AND II NOROVIRUSES DETECTED IN STOOL BY REAL-TIME REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR USING HIGHLY DEGENERATE, "UNIVERSAL" PRIMERS

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Watson, M.A., Frankhauser, R.L., Monroe, S.S. 2004. Genogroup I and II noroviruses detected in stool by real-time reverse transcription-PCR using highly degenerate, "universal" primers. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol.70. No.12.CHARACTERIZATION OF A LYSYL AMINOPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE OF VIBRIO VULNIFICUS

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P. 2004. Characterization of a lysyl aminopeptidase activity associated with phosphoglucose isomerase of vibrio vulnificus. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. V.1700, 2. 219-229.MOLECULAR METHODS TO DETECT ENTERIC VIRUSES IN MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH

- (Proceedings)Richards, G.P. 2004. Molecular methods to detect enteric viruses in molluscan shellfish. Meeting Abstract.FOOD- AND WATER-BORNE ENTERIC VIRUSES

- (Book / Chapter)Richards, G.P. 2005. Food- and water-borne enteric viruses. Foodborne Pathogens Microbial and Mol. Biology. (P.M. Frtamico, A.K. Bhumia, J.L. Smith) Caister Academic Press. Book Chapter. pg. 121-143INACTIVATION OF ENTERIC VIRUSES WITH INTERVENTION TECHNOLOGIES

- (Abstract Only)Richards, G.P. 2004. Inactivation of enteric viruses with intervention technologies. (Abstract). World Aquaculture Society. p. 499.CHARACTERIZATION OF LYSYL AMINOPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY FROM PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE OF VIBRIO VULNIFICUS

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richards, G.P., Parveen, S., Hammer, C., Garfield, M. 2004. Characterization of lysyl aminopeptidase activity from phosphoglucose isomerase of vibrio vulnificus. Journal of Bacteriology. 1700(2):219-229.A SYBR GREEN REAL-TIME RT-PCR METHOD TO DETECT AND QUANTITATE NORWALK VIRUS IN STOOLS

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)RICHARDS, G.P., WATSON, M.A., KINGSLEY, D.H. A SYBR GREEN REAL-TIME RT-PCR METHOD TO DETECT AND QUANTITATE NORWALK VIRUS IN STOOLS. JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS. 2004. vol. 116. pg. 67-70.INACTIVATION OF ENTERIC VIRUSES WITH INTERVENTION TECHNOLOGIES

- (Abstract Only)Richards, G.P. 2003. Inactivation of enteric viruses with intervention technologies. (Abstract). International Association of Food Protection. p. 188.UPTAKE, PERSISTENCE, AND LOCALIZATION OF VIRULENT AND AVIRULENT VIBRIO VULNIFICUS IN THE EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA

- (Other)PARVEEN, S., WOLFE, W.C., RICHARDS, G.P. UPTAKE, PERSISTENCE, AND LOCALIZATION OF VIRULENT AND AVIRULENT VIBRIO VULNIFICUS IN THE EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA. MEETING ABSTRACT. 2003.THE EVOLUTION OF MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH SAFETY

- (Proceedings)RICHARDS, G.P. THE EVOLUTION OF MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH SAFETY. MEETING ABSTRACT. 2003. p. 221-245PERSISTENCE OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS WITHIN OYSTERS

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)KINGSLEY, D.H., RICHARDS, G.P. PERSISTENCE OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS WITHIN OYSTERS. JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION. 2003. Vol. 66 (2) p. 331-334GLANDULAR KALLIKREINS IN THE TELEOST CYPRINUS CARPIO:  TISSUE DISTRIBUTION,POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT IN PROLACTIN PROCESSING AND EFFECT OF 17 B-ESTRADIOL  IN VIVO

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)DETECTION OF BOTH HEPATITIS A VIRUS AND NORWALK-LIKE VIRUS IN IMPORTED     CLAMS ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD-BORNE ILLNESS

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)INACTIVATION OF HEPATITIS A AND A CALICIVIRUS BY HIGH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)THE EVOLUTION OF MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH SAFETY

- (Proceedings)RICHARDS, G.P. THE EVOLUTION OF MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH SAFETY. MEETING ABSTRACT. 2002. p.78
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                                                Research Reveals Functions of Harmful Shellfish Pathogens


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