An unpublished opinion of the North Carolina Court of Appeals does not constitute 

controlling legal authority. Citation is disfavored, but may be permitted in accordance 

with the provisions of Rule 30(e)(3) of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure.

NO. COA13-1341

NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS

Filed: 20 May 2014

IN THE MATTER OF:

E.I.O. Mitchell County

No. 13 JT 07

Appeal by respondent-father from order entered 27 August 

2013 by Judge Alexander Lyerly in Mitchell County District 

Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 28 April 2014.

No brief filed for mother, petitioner-appellee.

Mary McCullers Reece for father, respondent-appellant.

HUNTER, Robert C., Judge.

Respondent-father appeals from the trial court’s order 

terminating his parental rights to the minor child, E.I.O. 

(“Ethan”).1 Because the trial court failed to appoint a guardian 

ad litem for the minor child, we reverse the trial court’s order

and remand the matter for a new termination hearing.2

 

1 A pseudonym is used to protect the identity of the juvenile.

2 We note that petitioner filed with this Court a copy of a

“Notice of Voluntary Dismissal” it filed in Mitchell County 
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Background

Respondent and petitioner-mother were married in 2008 and 

divorced in 2012. One child, Ethan, was born during the 

marriage. On 11 February 2013, petitioner filed a petition to 

terminate respondent’s parental rights alleging as grounds that 

respondent willfully abandoned Ethan. The matter came on for 

hearing on 5 August 2013, after which the trial court found the 

existence of the ground alleged by petitioner. The court 

determined that termination of respondent’s parental rights was 

in the best interests of Ethan, and on 27 August 2013, entered 

an order terminating respondent’s rights. Respondent appeals. 

Notice of Appeal

We first address whether the Court has jurisdiction over 

respondent’s appeal. Rule 3.1 of the North Carolina Rules of 

Appellate Procedure requires trial counsel and the appellant to 

sign the notice of appeal. In this case, trial counsel signed 

the notice of appeal, but respondent did not. Respondent filed 

a second notice with the proper signatures on 2 October 2013; 

 

District Court on 23 April 2014. Under Rule 41(a), a plaintiff 

may voluntarily dismiss an action without order of the court “at 

any time before the plaintiff rests his case.” However, here, 

petitioner filed its “Notice of Voluntary Dismissal” after it 

had rested its case; it was even after the trial court had 

entered a final judgment. Therefore, petitioner did not have a 

legal right to file a voluntary dismissal, and petitioner’s 

purported dismissal of its petition has no legal effect.
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however, this was more than thirty days after entry of the 

termination order. See N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1001(b) (2013) 

(written notice of appeal “shall be made within 30 days after 

entry and service of the order”).

Rule 3.1 is “jurisdictional, and if not complied with, the 

appeal must be dismissed.” In re L.B., 187 N.C. App. 326, 332, 

653 S.E.2d 240, 244 (2007), aff’d per curiam, 362 N.C. 507, 666 

S.E.2d 751 (2008). Respondent, however, has filed a petition 

for writ of certiorari. Under the circumstances, we believe it 

is appropriate for us to exercise our discretion to grant

respondent’s petition and review the merits of his appeal. See 

In re I.T.P-L., 194 N.C. App. 453, 460, 670 S.E.2d 282, 285 

(2008) (allowing petition for writ of certiorari “to permit 

consideration of their appeals on the merits so as to avoid 

penalizing Respondents for their attorneys’ errors”).

Arguments

While respondent raises three issues on appeal, we find the 

dispositive issue is whether the trial court erred by failing to 

appoint a guardian ad litem for Ethan pursuant to N.C. Gen. 

Stat. § 7B-1108. We note that respondent did not raise the 

guardian ad litem issue in the trial court and this Court has 

previously held that in order to preserve the issue, a 
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respondent must object at the trial level. See In re Fuller, 

144 N.C. App. 620, 623, 548 S.E.2d 569, 571 (2001) (discussing 

“respondent’s noncompliance with our rules” by failing to 

object to lack of GAL at trial level); In re Barnes, 97 N.C. 

App. 325, 326, 388 S.E.2d 237, 238 (1990) (holding “respondent 

failed to comply with our Rules of Appellate Procedure” because 

“there was no objection or exception made at trial to the 

court’s failure to appoint a guardian ad litem” for the child). 

However, in Barnes and Fuller, the Court invoked Rule 2 of the 

North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure in order to address 

the issue and reversed the termination orders. The Court in 

Fuller noted that section 7B-1108(b) was “intended to preserve 

the best interest of the minor child,” and that the minor child 

was “the intended beneficiary” of the statute. Fuller, 144 N.C. 

App. at 623, 548 S.E.2d at 571; see also Barnes, 97 N.C. App. at 

327, 388 S.E.2d at 238. In this case, we conclude it is 

appropriate to invoke Rule 2 and address the merits of 

respondent’s argument.

The Juvenile Code provides that:

If an answer or response denies any material 

allegation of the petition or motion, the 

court shall appoint a guardian ad litem for 

the juvenile to represent the best interests 

of the juvenile, unless the petition or 

motion was filed by the guardian ad litem 
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pursuant to G.S. 7B-1103, or a guardian ad 

litem has already been appointed pursuant to 

G.S. 7B-601.

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1108(b) (2013). This Court has held that 

failure to appoint a guardian ad litem pursuant to section 7B1108(b) is reversible error. In re J.L.S., 168 N.C. App. 721, 

723, 608 S.E.2d 823, 824 (2005). In J.L.S., the respondent 

filed a response to the termination petition on the day of the 

termination hearing, more than thirty days after the petition 

was filed. This Court reasoned that the best interests of the 

minor child must be protected, “especially in light of the 

nature of these proceedings where one natural parent is seeking 

to terminate the parental rights of the other natural parent.” 

Id. at 723, 608 S.E.2d at 825. This Court “refuse[d] to 

penalize the minor child” for the late filing of the response. 

Id.

In the present case, although respondent filed an answer to 

the petition to terminate his parental rights denying the 

material allegations contained in the petition, the trial court 

failed to appoint a guardian ad litem to represent the best 

interests of Ethan. Even though the answer was filed 

approximately three months after the petition was filed, the 

trial court was not relieved of its duty to appoint a guardian 
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ad litem for Ethan. In accordance with our holding in J.L.S., 

we conclude the trial court erred in failing to appoint a 

guardian ad litem pursuant to section 7B-1108(b). Thus, we 

reverse the order terminating respondent’s parental rights and 

remand for appointment of a guardian ad litem for the minor 

child and a new termination hearing. Id.

Conclusion

Based on the foregoing reasons, we reverse the order 

terminating parental rights and remand for appointment of a 

guardian ad litem and new termination hearing.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

Judges GEER and McCULLOUGH concur.

Report per Rule 30(e).