IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE DISTRICT OF OREGON 

NECHERI C. GRANT, 

Plaintiff, 

v. 

CAROLYNW. COLVIN, 

Acting Commissioner of the Social Security 

Administration, 

Defendant. 

MCSHANE, Judge: 

Civ. No. 3:14-cv-01582-MC 

OPINION AND ORDER 

Plaintiff Ms. Necheri C. Grant brings this action for judicial review of a final decision of 

the Conunissioner of Social Security denying her application for supplemental security income 

payments (SSI) under Title XVI of the Social Security Act. This Comt has jurisdiction under 42 

U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c)(3). The issue before this Court is whether the Administrative Law 

Judge (ALJ) erred in forming Grant's residual functional capacity (RFC) to include that she 

could perform simple, routine work. Because the ALJ reasonably weighed the evidence 

regarding Grant's mental abilities, the Commissioner's decision is AFFIRMED. 

1 - OPINION AND ORDER 

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PROCEDURAL AND FACTUAL BACKGROUND 

Grant was awarded SSI benefits as a child starting March 25, 2010. Tr. 69. 

Under Section1614(a)(3)(H) of the Social Security Act, her disability status was reconsidered 

under adult standards upon turning eighteen. Tr. 17. In a Disability Redetermination Decision 

dated August 3, 2011, Grant was found to be no longer disabled. Tr. 17, 93. Grant timely 

requested a hearing before an ALJ. Tr. 33. After a hearing, the ALJ denied Grant's claim by 

written decision dated September 14, 2012. Tr. 14. The Appeals Council denied review, 

rendering the ALJ's decision final. Tr. 1, 12. Grant now seeks judicial review of that decision. 

Ms. Grant was born March 17, 1993. Tr. 26, 84. She earned a General Education 

Diploma (GED), but has no relevant past work history. Tr. 509, 26. Grant alleges disability due 

to anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, and a history of alcohol abuse. Tr. 19. 

STANDARD OF REVIEW 

The reviewing court shall affirm the Commissioner's decision if the decision is based on 

proper legal standards and the legal findings are suppotted by substantial evidence on the record. 

See 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Batson v. Comm 'r of Soc. Sec. Amin., 359 F.3d 1190, 1193 (9th Cir. 

2004). "Substantial evidence is 'more than a mere scintilla but less than a preponderance; it is 

such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to suppott a conclusion."' 

Hill v. Astrue, 698 F.3d 1153, 1159 (9th Cir. 2012) (quotingSandgathe v. Chafer, 108 F.3d 978, 

980 (9th.Cir. 1997)). To detetmine whether substantial evidence exists, this Court reviews the 

administrative record as a whole, weighing both the evidence that supports and that which 

detracts from the ALJ's conclusion. Davis v. Heckler, 868 F.2d 323, 326 (9th Cir. 1989). 

2 - OPINION AND ORDER 

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"The ALJ is responsible for determining credibility, resolving conflicts in medical testimony, 

and resolving ambiguities." Andrews v. Shalala, 53 F.3d 1035, 1039 (9th Cir. 1995). "If the 

evidence can reasonably support either affirming or reversing, 'the reviewing court may not 

substitute its judgment' for that of the Commissioner." Gutierrez v. Comm 'r of Soc. Sec. Adm in., 

740 F.3d 519, 523 (9th Cir. 2014) (quoting Reddickv. Charter, 157 F.3d 715, 720-21 (9th Cir. 

1996)). 

DISCUSSION 

The Social Security Administration utilizes a five step sequential evaluation to detennine 

whether a claimant is disabled. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520, 416.920. The initial burden of proof 

rests upon the claimant to meet the first four steps. If a claimant satisfies his or her burden with 

respect to the first four steps, the burden shifts to the Commissioner for step five. 20 C.F .R. § 

404.1520. At step five, the Commissioner's burden is to demonstrate that the claimant is capable 

of performing certain types of work after considering the claimant's RFC, age, education, and 

work experience. Id. 

Grant contends that the ALJ erred in determining and applying her RFC under step four 

and five of the sequential evaluation. 1 In particular, Grant argues that the ALJ ell'ed by: (1) 

improperly rejecting state agency psychological consultant Megan Nicoloffs, Psy.D. opinion 

that Grant is limited to simple, one-to-two step tasks; and (2) improperly rejecting the opinion of 

medical expert Robert Davis, Ph.D., that she had "marked limitations" in concentration, 

persistence, or pace. 

1 The ALJ's RFC at Step Four: 

After careful consideration of the entire record, I find that since August 1, 2011, the claimant has 

had the residual functional capacity to perform a full range of work at all exertional levels but with 

the following nonexe1iional limitations: is limited to simple, repetitive tasks, with no public 

contact and only occasional contact with coworkers. Tr. 21. 

3 - OPINION AND ORDER 

Case 3:14-cv-01582-MC Document 21 Filed 12/01/15 Page 3 of 9
I. Dr. Nico/off's Opinion 

Grant contends that the ALJ erred by not giving legitimate and specific reasons for 

rejecting Dr. Nicoloffs opinion that she is limited to performing "simple, one-to-two step tasks." 

See Pl.'s Br. 4-7, ECF No. 16. In response, defendant argues that although the ALJ did not 

explicitly state why he rejected that part of Dr. Nicoloffs opinion, the ALJ reasonably weighed 

the evidence regarding Grant's cognitive functioning and supported his findings that she is 

limited to performing "simple, routine tasks." And in the alternative, any ell"or was harmless. 

See Defs Br. 4-7, ECF No.18. 

This Comi finds that the ALJ properly based his finding on substantial evidence in the 

record. "The ALJ is responsible for detennining credibility, resolving conflicts in medical 

testimony, and for resolving ambiguities." Andrews, 53 F.3d at 1039 Here, the ALJ found Grant 

capable of performing "simple, repetitive tasks," a finding that differs with Dr. Nicoloffs 

asse1iion that Grant is only capable of simple, "one-to-two step tasks." Tr. 21, 427. The ALJ 

supported his decision by properly weighing the evidence and explaining his interpretation on 

the record. Tr. 21-26. 

Grant claimed she is incapable of performing any work. The ALJ found her not credible 

because the record shows that Grant earned her GED, takes public transportation to get around, 

and regularly completes a variety of household chores. Tr. 20, 24, 37-38, 407. Grant does not 

challenge the ALJ's credibility finding. 

To aid in forming his RFC, the ALJ considered rep01is and testimony from a variety of 

treating, examining, and reviewing medical sources. In his written decision, the ALJ noted that 

examining physician Amy Hughes, MSW, QMHP, found Grant's "memory intact, and her 

thought processes goal directed." Tr. 24. In Hughes's report, she noted that Grant's attention 

4 - OPINION AND ORDER 

Case 3:14-cv-01582-MC Document 21 Filed 12/01/15 Page 4 of 9
and cognitive abilities were age-appropriate, her intellect was average, her mind was oriented, 

memory intact, and she had normal thought content. Tr. 446. 

The ALJ also discussed the :findings of examining physician, Jane Starbird, Ph.D. Tr. 23. 

Dr. Starbird found Grant mentally oriented, and could perform serial 3s, multiply 3 times 15, 

spell the word "world" forward and backwards, and remember 1 out of 3 words after four 

minutes. Tr. 23. In her report, Dr. Starbird wrote that Grant possessed organized thoughts with 

moderate concentration. Tr. 408. 

The ALJ also considered the opinion of Dr. Nicoloff, a non-treating, non-examining 

physician. Tr. 25. The ALJ gave Dr. Nicoloffs opinion "some weight." Tr. 25. Dr. Nicoloff 

concluded that Grant was limited to performing work consisting of"simple, one-to-two step 

tasks." Tr. 25, 427. She formed this conclusion on her record-based evaluation of Grant's 

"sustained concentration and persistence," a category comprising of eleven mental activities that 

Dr. Nicoloff assessed. Tr. 425-26. In this category, Dr. Nicoloff found that Grant had no 

"marked limitations" and was only "moderately limited" in one activity: the ability to cany out 

detailed instructions. Tr. 425-26. Accordingly, Dr. Nicolofffound that Plaintiff had no 

significant lii,nitations in the ten remaining activities: Plaintiffs ability to remember locations 

and work-like procedures; to understand and remember very short simple instruction; to cany 

out very short and simple instructions, to maintain attention and concentration for extended 

periods, to perform activities within a schedule, to be punctual; to sustain ordinary routine 

without special supervision, to work in coordination or proximity to others without being 

distracted by them; to make simple work-related decision; and to complete a normal workday 

and workweek without interruptions from psychologically based symptoms and to perfo1m at a 

consistent pace without an unreasonable rest. Tr. 425-26. 

5 - OPINION AND ORDER 

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In one portion of her report, Dr. Nicolofffound that Grant had only moderate difficulties 

maintaining concentration, persistence, or pace and is limited to "simple, repetitive tasks," a 

finding almost identical to that of the ALJ. Tr. 421, 423. Without explanation Dr. Nicoloff 

concludes that Grant is limited to "simple one-to-two step tasks." Tr. 427. "The weight afforded 

a non-examining physician's testimony depends 'on the degree to which they provide supp01iing 

evidence for their opinions."' Ryan v. Comm 'r a/Soc. Sec., 528 F.3d 1194, 1201 (9th Cir. 2008) 

(quoting 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527( d)(3)). Dr. Nicoloff gave no explanation for her conclusion or for 

contradictions in her report. Accordingly, the ALJ properly limited the weight given to it. 

Reviewing physician Joshua Boyd, Psy.D. affirmed Dr. Nicoloffs assessment, but 

specifically stated that Grant has "[n]o significant deficits in attention, concentration, or 

memory." Tr. 484. Dr. Boyd wrote that "[t]he claimant's cunent complaints appear to be 

specifically aimed at retaining eligibility and are not credible as they are contradicted by prior 

notes." Tr. 484. 

The ALJ also considered and properly rejected the findings of three doctors who opined 

that Grant was either unable to work or was limited in concentration, persistence, or pace. Tr. 

52, 483, 492. Dr. Davis, a non-treating non-examining doctor, testified that Grant had "marked 

limitations" in concentration, persistence or pace, but the ALJ gave no weight to this finding 

because it was not supported by independent evidence in the record. Tr. 22, 52; Tonapetyan v. 

Halter, 242 F.3d 1144, 1149 (9th Cir. 2001) (the conclusion of a non-treating, non-examining 

physician "may constitute substantial evidence when it is consistent with other independent 

evidence in the record"). Treating doctor, Joyce Ochsner, Ph.D. wrote two letters stating that 

Grant was unable to work due to her emotional state. Tr. 483, 492. The ALJ rejected this 

opinion because Grant did not attend the majority of her scheduled counseling appointments, 

failed to avail herself of the treatment resources available to her; and, in addition, Dr. Ochsner's 

6 - OPINION AND ORDER 

Case 3:14-cv-01582-MC Document 21 Filed 12/01/15 Page 6 of 9
opinion was not supp01ied by medical evidence of the record as a whole. Tr. 25. Treating 

doctor, Ella Vining, MD, also wrote two letters stating that Grant is unable to work. Tr. 452. 

The ALJ gave no weight to these letters because they are, "essentially just Dr. Vining setting 

fotih subjective complaints of the claimant and claimant's family, which are not supported by the 

medical evidence of record." 2 Tr. 25. As discussed above, the ALJ concluded Grant was not 

credible. This Court finds that the ALJ properly supported his finding with substantial evidence 

in the record that Grant is limited to perfo1ming simple repetitive tasks. 

Even ifthe ALJ made a legal error in rejecting Dr. Nicoloffs finding that Gramt is 

limited to "simple, one-to-two step tasks," any error is harmless. An error is harmless if it is 

"inconsequential to the ultimate nondisability determination." Carmickle v. Comm 'r Soc. Sec. 

Adm in., 533 F.3d 1155, 1162 (9th Cir. 2008), citing Stout v. Comm 'r Soc. Sec. Admin., 454 F.3d 

1050, 1055 (9th Cir. 2006). 

Supposing the court takes Dr. Nicoloff s opinion as true, nothing in the record, including 

Dr. Nicoloffs own assessment, supports the limitation of"simple, one-to-two step tasks." 

Taken with the fact that Dr. Nicolo ff gave no explanation for her finding, tr. 426, it does not 

constitute substantial evidence and the ALJ is not required to give the unsuppo1ied pmi of Dr. 

Nicoloff s opinion any weight. Pitzer v. Sullivan, 908 F .2d 502, 506 n. 4 (9th Cir. 1990). 

Therefore, this Comi finds that any error is inconsequential to the ultimate nondisability 

determination. 

IL Dr. Davis's Opinion 

Grant contends that the ALJ erred in his consideration of Dr. Davis's opinion. See Pl.'s 

Br. 7-9, ECF No. 16. In response, defendant argues the ALJ properly rejected the opinion of Dr. 

Davis by reference to specific evidence in the medical record. See Defs Br. 8-10, ECF No.18. 

'Plaintiff does not contest AU's rejection of Dr. Ochsner or Dr. Vining. The AU's rejection of Dr. Davis' finding is 

discussed below. 

7 - OPINION AND ORDER 

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The ALJ may give a non-treating non-examining physician's conclusion zero weight if it 

is not supported by substantial evidence of the record. Pitzer, 908 F.2d at 506 n.4. "In 

conjunction with relevant regulations, [the Ninth Circuit has] ... developed standards that guide 

[the courts'] analysis ofanALJ's weighing of medical evidence." Ryan v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 

528 F.3d 1194, 1198 (9th Cir. 2008). "The weight afforded a non-examining physician's 

testimony depends 'on the degree to which they provide supporting evidence for their opinions."' 

Id. at 1201(quoting20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d)(3)). Accordingly, "[a] non-examining physician's 

conclusion, with nothing more, does not constitute substantial evidence, particularly in view of 

the conflicting observations, opinions, and conclusions of an examining physician." Pitzer, 908 

F.2d at 506 n. 4. 

Here, the ALJ properly attributed zero weight to a portion of the testimony of Dr. Davis 

because it was not supported by any substantial evidence of the record. Tr. 22-23. With regard 

to Dr. Davis' testimony, the ALJ found: 

Id. 

The medical evidence of record as a whole does not suppmt a finding that 

claimant would meet the paragraph "C" criteria of listings 12.04 and 12.06, or be 

as limited as opined by Dr. Davis in concentration, persistence, or pace, as 

discussed previously. However, Dr. Davis did indicate that it was difficult for 

him to assess the claimant's functioning, in part because the claimant had not 

made herself available for the treatment he believes would significantly improve 

her condition. Further, based on the claimant's GED and other activities in the 

record, I find that only a mild limitation in activities of daily living and a 

moderate limitation in concentration, persistence, or pace are suppmted. 

To support his conclusion, Dr. Davis testified that he "sense[ d]" that Grant went "in and 

out" of having marked limitations in her concentration, persistence, or pace. Tr. 52-53. 

8 - OPINION AND ORDER 

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However true it may be that Grant's cognitive function fluctuates in this area, the record 

lacks substantial evidence showing that her limitations increase beyond that of"moderate."3 Dr. 

Davis' conclusion, standing alone, does not constitute substantial evidence and the ALJ need not 

give it any weight. The ALJ properly gave no weight to this portion of Dr. Davis' opinion 

because it was inconsistent with Grant's educational achievement and her daily living activities 

mentioned above. In addition, the ALJ pointed out that Dr. Davis himself testified to the 

difficulties of properly assessing Grant due to her lack of treatment, proper screening, and work 

history. Tr. 51-53. By explaining the reasons for giving no weight to Dr. Davis' finding, and 

basing those reasons on substantial evidence in the record, the ALJ properly rejected Dr. Davis' 

unsupported opinion about Plaintiffs concentration, persistence, or pace. 

CONCLUSION 

For the above reasons I find that the ALJ suppo1ied his findings with substantial evidence 

in the record and gave proper weight to the opinions of Dr. Nicoloff and Dr. Davis. As such, this 

Court holds that the ALJ's RFC is free from legal enor and therefore the Commissioner's 

decision is AFFIRMED. 

IT IS SO ORDERED. 

DATED this ?i o day ofNovember, 2015. 

Michael J. McShane 

United States District Judge 

3 No other treating, examining, or non-treating, non-exan1ining medical source found 1narked litnitations in plaintiffs 

concentration, persistence, or pace, ho\vever, exa1nining physicians, Dr. Starbird and Ms. Hughes found 1noderate 

limitations in plaintifrs concentration and other cognitive abilities. Tr. 407-09, 445-46. Non-treating, non-examining 

physicians, Dr. Nicoloffand Dr. Boyd also assessed moderate limitations is this area. Tr. 421, 425-27, 484. 

9 - OPINION AND ORDER 

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