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S T A T E O F M I C H I G A N

C O U R T O F A P P E A L S

MICHIGAN HEAD & SPINE INSTITUTE, PC,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

UNPUBLISHED

September 18, 2018

v No. 340316

Wayne Circuit Court

ALLSTATE PROPERTY AND CASUALTY 

INSURANCE COMPANY,

LC No. 16-014374-NF

Defendant-Appellee.

Before: SWARTZLE, P.J., and JANSEN and O’BRIEN, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

Plaintiff appeals as of right the trial court’s order granting summary disposition to 

defendant under MCR 2.116(C)(8) and denying plaintiff’s request for leave to amend its 

complaint. We affirm in part, vacate in part, and remand for further proceedings consistent with 

this opinion.

I. BACKGROUND

Lisa Christy was covered under a personal-injury-protection (PIP) policy with defendant. 

Christy was injured in an automobile accident and plaintiff provided medical services to Christy 

in the amount of $68,513. Plaintiff submitted claims for payment to defendant—the alleged 

first-party no-fault insurer—but defendant did not fully reimburse plaintiff for the services it 

provided to Christy. Plaintiff filed this action against defendant for recovery of the unpaid claim 

alleging a right to do so under the no-fault act. 

Defendant moved for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(8) arguing that medical 

providers such as plaintiff lack an independent statutory cause of action against a no-fault insurer 

such as defendant in light of Covenant Med Ctr, Inc v State Farm Mut Auto Ins Co, 500 Mich 

191; 895 NW2d 490 (2017). Plaintiff then moved to amend its complaint to assert a claim under 

an assignment-of-benefits theory. The trial court granted summary disposition to defendant and 

denied plaintiff’s motion to amend the complaint. The trial court reasoned that plaintiff did not 

have a direct cause of action under Covenant and, because plaintiff did not have a direct cause of 

action, plaintiff had nothing to amend or relate back to. 

This appeal followed.
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II. ANALYSIS

Defendant Was Entitled to Summary Disposition Under Covenant. A trial court’s 

decision on a motion for summary disposition is reviewed de novo. Dell v Citizens Ins Co of 

America, 312 Mich App 734, 739; 880 NW2d 280 (2015). “A motion under MCR 2.116(C)(8) 

tests the legal sufficiency of the complaint.” Id.

In Covenant, 500 Mich at 195-196, 217-218, our Supreme Court held that healthcare 

providers lack an independent statutory cause of action against no-fault insurers to recover PIP 

benefits. This Court has concluded that the holding in Covenant applies retroactively to pending 

cases. Bronson Healthcare Group, Inc v Mich Assigned Claims Plan, ___ Mich App ___, ___; 

___ NW2d ___ (2018) (Docket No. 336088); slip op at 2, citing W A Foote Mem Hosp v Mich 

Assigned Claims Plan, 321 Mich App 159, 196; 909 NW2d 38 (2017).1 The present case was 

pending in the trial court when Covenant was decided. Thus, Covenant applies to bar plaintiff’s 

independent action against defendant for the recovery of PIP benefits owed to Christy. Summary 

disposition was therefore appropriate on plaintiff’s independent statutory claim.

Plaintiff’s Motion to Amend. “The grant or denial of leave to amend pleadings is within 

the trial court’s discretion.” Jawad A Shah, MD, PC v State Farm Mut Auto Ins Co, ___ Mich 

App ___, ___; ___ NW2d ___ (2018) (Docket No. 340370); slip op at 13 (cleaned up). “This 

Court reviews for an abuse of discretion a trial court’s denial of a motion to amend a complaint.” 

Tierney v Univ of Mich Regents, 257 Mich App 681, 687; 669 NW2d 575 (2003). “[A]n abuse 

of discretion occurs only when the trial court’s decision is outside the range of reasonable and 

principled outcomes.” In re Kostin, 278 Mich App 47, 51; 748 NW2d 583 (2008). “A trial court 

necessarily abuses its discretion when it makes an error of law.” Shah, ___ Mich App at ___; 

slip op at 14 (cleaned up).

“If a trial court grants summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(8), (C)(9), or 

(C)(10), the court must give the parties an opportunity to amend their pleadings pursuant to MCR 

2.118, unless the amendment would be futile.” Id. (cleaned up); see also MCR 2.116(I)(5). “An 

amendment is futile if it merely restates the allegations already made or adds allegations that still 

fail to state a claim.” Id. (cleaned up). “Under MCR 2.118(A)(2), a party may amend a pleading 

by leave of the court and such leave shall be freely given when justice so requires.” Id. (cleaned 

up). “Amendment is generally a matter of right rather than grace” and “should ordinarily be 

denied only for particularized reasons, including undue delay, bad faith or dilatory motive, 

repeated failure to cure deficiencies by amendments previously allowed, undue prejudice to the 

opposing party, or futility.” Id. at ___; slip op at 13 (cleaned up).

The trial court reasoned that, because plaintiff did not have a direct statutory cause of 

action, plaintiff could not amend its complaint. Yet, in Covenant, 500 Mich at 217 n 40, our 

 1 Our Supreme Court has ordered oral argument on the application to consider the retroactivity of 

Covenant. W A Foote Mem Hosp v Mich Assigned Claims Plan, ___ Mich ___; 911 NW2d 470 

(2018). 
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Supreme Court recognized that an insured may “assign his or her right to past or presently due 

benefits to a healthcare provider.” Thus, in the situation where a health-care provider’s 

independent statutory claim for PIP benefits is summarily dismissed, this Court has held that the 

provider should be granted leave to amend its complaint to assert a claim under an assignmentof-benefits theory. See Bronson Healthcare Group, ___ Mich App at ___; slip op at 3, citing W 

A Foote Mem Hosp, 321 Mich App at 196. Accordingly, the trial court erred by denying 

plaintiff’s motion to amend on the basis that plaintiff did not have a direct cause of action.

It is therefore necessary to vacate the portion of the trial court’s order denying plaintiff’s 

motion to amend the complaint. The case is remanded to the trial court to determine whether 

amendment to assert a claim under an assignment-of-benefits theory is proper in the present case. 

Defendant has raised several theories on appeal regarding why amendment is futile in this case 

despite the trial court’s error. The arguments are inherently fact-intensive and should be decided 

in the first instance by the trial court rather than by this Court. See generally, Shah, ___ Mich 

App at ___; slip op at 13 (noting particularized considerations pertinent to the decision whether 

to allow amendment of a pleading). 

Affirmed in part, vacated in part, and remanded for further proceedings consistent with 

this opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.

/s/ Brock A. Swartzle

/s/ Kathleen Jansen

/s/ Colleen A. O'Brien