continued participation in, and furtherance of, the multi-defendant conspiracy (defendant and
Guillermo Alvarez were still involved) after Rodriguez had become a government informant.
Such evidence did not require an instruction about Rodriquez's status as a conspirator or
non-conspirator. To the contrary, the instruction would have been inappropriate and likely would
have confused the jury. Therefore, defendant’s supplemental post-trial motion on this issue is

denied.

D. The Court's Failure To Grant A Mistrial Based Upon Improper Argument
By The Prosecution.

Defendant argues that the prosecution engaged in improper burden-shifting in closing
argument by improperly suggesting that defendant could have called Inspector Ray Zak to testify
about defendant's confession. The government did no such thing. In the government's initial
closing argument, the government did not mention the issue of Inspector Zak testifying or not
testifying. The government merely named Inspector Zak as one of several law enforcement
officials who were present for defendant's confession.

Defendant concedes in his motion that defendant, in his closing, asked the jury to imagine
what Inspector Zak would have said if called to testify, and said that the witness was within the
control of the government. In response to these remarks, the government, in rebuttal, properly
pointed out that the defense had "as much of an opportunity to call Inspector Zak as we did." Tr.
1088, 11. 14-24. Nothing about this statement is improper. See United States v. Aldaco, 201 F.3d
979, 988 (7" Cir. 2000) (government permitted to note in rebuttal that both parties may compel
any witness to testify); United States v. Miller, 276 F.3d 370, 374 (7"Cir. 2001); United States v.

King, 150 F.3d 644, 649 (7" Cir 1998). Therefore, defendant’s supplemental post-trial motion


detailed enough to conclude that a substantial claims are presented and that there are disputed
issues of material fact which will affect the out come of the motion. /d. at 324. Furthermore, a
district court is obligated to hold a hearing only if the difference in facts is material-- that is only
if the disputed facts make a difference in the outcome.

Here, there were no disputed issues of material fact. Defendant argues that there was a
dispute about whether he gave consent for the vehicle search. However, this is not a material
dispute because, as this Court ruled, defendant did not have a right to privacy in the car and his
consent was therefore not required. Tr. 312,11. 9-16. As there was no disputed issue of fact, we
properly decided the motion on the papers and after hearing oral argument.

Cc. The Court's Instructions Regarding The Government Informant.

Defendant claims that the Court erred because it did not instruct the jury that a
government informant cannot be considered a participant in a conspiracy. Even if defendant had
raised this issue at trial, the Court's denial of the instruction would still be proper because the
instruction did not apply. The government informant, Noberto Rodriguez, conspired with
defendant to pick up 4 kilograms of heroin in California and deliver the heroin to defendant in
Chicago. Rodriguez did not become a government informant until after he had brought the heroin
back to the Chicago area from California. At trial, the government introduced a variety of
evidence showing the existence of the conspiracy and defendant's participation in the conspiracy
prior to Rodriguez's becoming a government informant. For instance, the government showed
evidence of defendant's recruitment of Rodriguez to pick up the drugs, telephone calls between
defendant and Rodriguez, Rodriguez's visit to California, and defendant and Rodriguez's

interaction with the seller of the heroin. The government introduced evidence of defendant's


on this issue is denied.

CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the following post-trial motions of defendant Angel Figueroa
are denied: motion for a new trial (# 125); amended motion for a new trial (#135); motion for

judgment of acquittal (#136); and supplement to previously filed post-trial motions (# 157).

bt). (£

e Wayne R. Andetsen—
United States District Court

It is so ordered.

=

Dated: ( yng l Lobs


IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS

EASTERN DIVISION
United States of America )
)
)
)
v. ) No. 02 CR 416-4
)
Angel Figueroa ) Wayne R. Andersen
) District Judge
)

MEMORANDUM, OPINION & ORDER

This case is before the Court on the following post-trial motions filed by Defendant
Angel Figueroa: motion for a new trial; amended motion for a new trial; motion for judgment of
acquittal; and supplement to previously filed post-trial motions. For the following reasons, the
motions are denied.

BACKGROUND

On March 23, 2004, defendant was convicted at trial of conspiracy to possess with intent
to distribute heroin. The Court ordered that post-trial motions be filed on or before April 27,
2004. On April 27, 2004, defendant filed his motion for a new trial. On July 29, 2004, defendant
filed his amended motion for a new trial and his motion for judgment of acquittal. On February
22, 2005, defendant filed a supplement to his post-trial motions, alleging his entitlement to a new
trial based upon: (1) the Court's refusal to grant a continuance, (2) the Court's denial of
defendant's request for a hearing on his motion to suppress, (3) the Court's instructions regarding
the government informant, (4) the Court's failure to grant a mistrial based upon improper
argument by the prosecution, and (5) other unspecified errors. Of these arguments, only

arguments (3) and (4) had not been raised by defendant in his initial post-trial motions.


DISCUSSION

1, Motions For A New Trial and Motion Judgment of Acquittal

In his motions for a new trial, defendant argues that he is entitled to a new trial for
numerous reasons. As we have stated earlier on the record, the Court finds that the verdict is not
against the weight of the evidence and that there was ample evidence to support the jury’s
decision. Moreover, the trial proceedings were fair to the defendant.

For these reasons, we deny defendant’s motion for a new trial, his amended motion for a
new trial, and his motion for judgment of acquittal.

If. Supplemental Post-Trial Motions

First, it is questionable whether we have jurisdiction to decide the February 22, 2005
supplemental post-trial motions. See United States v. Hocking, 841 F .2d 735, 736 (7" Cir. 1988)
(holding that a district court lacks the authority to dispose of untimely filed post-trial motions).
Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 29(c) provides that a motion for acquittal "may be made or
renewed within 7 days after the jury is discharged or within such further time as the court may fix
during the 7-day period." Rule 33, governing motions for new trial, employs the same seven-day
rule, except for motions based on newly-discovered evidence, which does not apply to this
defendant's motion. Rule 45(b) provides in turn that the Court "may not extend the time for
taking any action under Rules 29, 33, 34 and 35, except to the extent and under the conditions
stated in them." This Court, therefore, lacks the adjudicatory power to dispose of an untimely
motion under Rules 29, 33, 34, and 35. Jd; see also United States v. Brown, 742 F.2d 363, 368
(7th Cir.1984) (Rule 33). Defendant's supplemental post-trial motions are, therefore, denied as

untimely.


Second, even if this Court does have jurisdiction to dispose of defendant's supplemental
post-trial motions, the motions are denied on the merits.

A. The Court's Refusal To Grant A Continuance.

We properly refused to continue the trial date when, shortly before trial, the government
executed a search warrant on one of defendant's phones. As the government pointed out in open
court the week before trial, the evidence obtained from the search warrant was hardly surprising
to the defense: the government searched one of six cell phones previously seized from defendant
and found that one of the ten most recent outgoing calls placed from that phone had been placed
to the phone of government cooperator Noberto Rodriguez. Because the government had
recorded that phone call when it happened and because the defense was aware of that recording,
further evidence of that phone call was not surprising and did not warrant any additional
preparation by the defense. When defendant asked for additional time to subpoena further
information about the phones, the Court pointed out that defendant knew about the seized phones
and could have subpoenaed the information. Tr. 8,1 11-5.

For these reasons, defendant’s supplemental post-trial motion on this issue is denied.

B. The Court's Denial Of Defendant's Request For A Hearing On His Motion

To Suppress.

We denied defendant's motion to suppress without holding an evidentiary hearing.
Evidentiary hearings on motions to suppress are not granted as a matter of course but are held
only when the defendant alleges sufficient facts which if proven would justify relief. United
States v. Villegas, 388 F.3d 317, 324 (7th Cir. 2004). Evidentiary hearings are warranted only

when the allegations and moving papers are sufficiently definite, specific, non-conjectural and