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 Virus and Prion Research: Ames, IA
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ARS Home Midwest Area Ames, Iowa National Animal Disease Center Virus and Prion Research People & Locations







Eric  Nicholson
                        Virus and Prion Research

                        




                        
                        Research Chemist
                        Phone: (515) 337-7443
                        
                        
                        Fax: (515) 337-7149(Employee information on this page comes from the REE Directory. Please contact your front office staff to update the REE Directory.)
                            ProjectsElucidating the Pathobiology and Transmission of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
                                                    In-House Appropriated
                                                                    (D)Accession Number: 440677Assessment of Biochar- Chronic Wasting Disease Interactions and the Feasibility of Using Biochar to Reduce Spread of Chronic Wasting Disease
                                                    Non-Funded Cooperative Agreement
                                                                    (N)Accession Number: 445423**Publications**
                                                (Clicking on the reprint icon
                                                    Reprint Icon
                                                    will take you to the publication reprint.)Temporal serum neurofilament light chain concentrations in sheep inoculated with the agent of classical scrapie
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Lathrop, Q.L., Nicholson, E.M., Wang, C., Greenlee, J.J., Seger, H., Veneziano, S.E., Cassmann, E.D. 2024. Temporal serum neurofilament light chain concentrations in sheep inoculated with the agent of classical scrapie. PLOS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299038.Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of human granulysin, bovine and porcine NK-lysins against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Biernbaum, E.N., Dassanayake, R.P., Nicholson, E.M., Kudva, I.T. 2023. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of human granulysin, bovine and porcine NK-lysins against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7. PLOS ONE. 18(9): e0292234. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292234.Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of human granulysin, bovine and porcine NK-lysins against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7

- (Abstract Only)Comparative study of antibacterial activity and stability of D-enantiomeric and L-enantiomeric bovine NK-lysin peptide NK2A
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Dassanayake, R.P., Porter, T.J., Samorodnitsky, D., Falkenberg, S.M., Nicholson, E.M., Tatum, F.M., Briggs, R.E., Palmer, M.V., Casas, E. 2022. Comparative study of antibacterial activity and stability of D-enantiomeric and L-enantiomeric bovine NK-lysin peptide NK2A. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 595:76-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.071.Bovine NK-lysin peptides exert potent antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella outbreak isolates
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Dassanayake, R.P., Atkinson, B.M., Mulls, A.S., Falkenberg, S.M., Nicholson, E.M., Casas, E., Narasimhan, B., Bearson, S.M. 2021. Bovine NK-lysin peptides exert potent antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella outbreak isolates. Nature Scientific Reports. 11(1). Article 19276. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98860-6.Detection of two dissimilar Chronic Wasting Disease isolates in two captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis) herds
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Nichols, T.A., Nicholson, E.M., Liu, Y., Spraker, T.R., Wood, M., Lavelle, M., Fischer, J., Kong, Q., Vercauteren, K.C. 2021. Detection of two dissimilar Chronic Wasting Disease isolates in two captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis) herds. Prion. 15(1):207-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2021.1982333.Hofmeister effect in RT-QuIC seeding activity of Chronic Wasting Disease prions
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hwang, S., Beckley, D., Alekseev, K.P., Nicholson, E.M. 2021. Hofmeister effect in RT-QuIC seeding activity of Chronic Wasting Disease prions. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 9. Article 709965. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.709965.RT-QuIC detection of PrPsc in fecal samples from CWD infected White-tailed Deer using Bank Vole Substrate
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hwang, S., Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M. 2021. RT-QuIC detection of PrPsc in fecal samples from CWD infected White-tailed Deer using Bank Vole Substrate. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 8. Article 643754. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.643754.Evaluation of antemortem diagnostic techniques in goats naturally infected with scrapie
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mammadova, N., West Greenlee, H.M., Moore, J.S., Hwang, S., Lehmkuhl, A.D., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Evaluation of antemortem diagnostic techniques in goats naturally infected with scrapie. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 7. Article 517862. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.517862.Bovine adapted transmissible mink encephalopathy is similar to L-BSE after passage through sheep with the VRQ/VRQ genotype but not VRQ/ARQ
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Cassmann, E.D., Moore, Sara, J, S.J., Kokemullar, R.D., Balkema-Buschman, A., Groschup, M., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Bovine adapted transmissible mink encephalopathy is similar to L-BSE after passage through sheep with the VRQ/VRQ genotype but not VRQ/ARQ. BMC Veterinary Research. 16. Article 383. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02611-0.Experimental inoculation of CD11c+ B1 lymphocytes, CD68+ macrophages, or platelet-rich plasma from scrapie-infected sheep into susceptible sheep results in variable infectivity
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mammadova, N., Cassmann, E., Moore, S., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Experimental inoculation of CD11c+ B1 lymphocytes, CD68+ macrophages, or platelet-rich plasma from scrapie-infected sheep into susceptible sheep results in variable infectivity. Access Microbiology. 2(9). https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000155.Novel strain of the chronic wasting disease agent isolated from experimentally inoculated elk with LL132 prion protein
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Moore, S.J., Tatum, T.L., Hwang, S., Vrentas, C.E., West Greenlee, M.H., Kong, Q., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Novel strain of the chronic wasting disease agent isolated from experimentally inoculated elk with LL132 prion protein. Scientific Reports. 10(3148). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59819-1.Novel strain of the chronic wasting disease agent isolated from experimentally inoculated elk with LL132 prion protein
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Moore, S., Tatum, T.L., Hwang, S., Vrentas, C.E., West Greenlee, M.H., Kong, Q., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Novel strain of the chronic wasting disease agent isolated from experimentally inoculated elk with LL132 prion protein. Nature Scientific Reports. 10:1-13. Article 3148. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59819-1.Role of donor genotype in RT-QuIC seeding activity of chronic wasting disease prions using human and bank vole substrates
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hwang, S., Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M. 2020. Role of donor genotype in RT-QuIC seeding activity of chronic wasting disease prions using human and bank vole substrates. Scientific Reports. 15(1):e0227487. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227487.PAD-bead enrichment enhances detection of PrPSc using real-time quaking-induced conversion
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hwang, S., Dassanayake, R.P., Nicholson, E.M. 2019. PAD-bead enrichment enhances detection of PrPSc using real-time quaking-induced conversion. Bioscience Reports. 12:806. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4842-7.Synthetic bovine NK-lysin-derived peptide (bNK2A) does not require intra-chain disulfide bonds for bactericidal activity
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Dassanayake, R.P., Falkenberg, S.M., Nicholson, E.M., Briggs, R.E., Tatum, F.M., Sharma, V.K., Reinhardt, T.A. 2019. Synthetic bovine NK-lysin-derived peptide (bNK2A) does not require intra-chain disulfide bonds for bactericidal activity. PLoS One. 14(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218507.Scrapie agent from different genotypes of sheep show different seeding activity with elk recombinant prion proteins in RT-QuIC
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hwang, S., Greenlee, J.J., Vance, N.M., Nicholson, E.M. 2018. Source genotype influence on cross species transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies evaluated by RT-QuIC. PLoS One. 13(12):e0209106. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209106.Preparation of lyophilized recombinant prion protein for TSE diagnosis by RT-QuIC
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hwang, S., Tatum, T., Lebepe-Mazur, S., Nicholson, E.M. 2018. Preparation of lyophilized recombinant prion protein for TSE diagnosis by RT-QuIC. BMC Research Notes. 11:895. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3982-5.Thermodynamic characterization for the denatured state of bovine prion protein and the BSE associated variant E211K
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hwang, S., Nicholson, E.M. 2018. Thermodynamic characterization for the denatured state of bovine prion protein and the BSE associated variant E211K. Prion. 12(5-6):301-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2018.1534485.Antimicrobial activity of bovine NK-lysin-derived peptides on Mycoplasma bovis
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Dassanayake, R.P., Falkenberg, S.M., Register, K.B., Samorodnitsky, D., Nicholson, E.M., Reinhardt, T.A. 2018. Antimicrobial activity of bovine NK-lysin-derived peptides on Mycoplasma bovis. PLoS One. 13(5):e0197677. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197677.Divalent cation effects on elk prion protein stability and fibril formation

- (Abstract Only)Nicholson, E.M., Samorodnitsky, D. 2018. Divalent cation effects on elk prion protein stability and fibril formation. Prion 2018, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, May 22-25, 2018. Poster No. P14, p. 53.RT-QuIC seeding activity using elk recombinant prion proteins discriminates scrapie isolates

- (Abstract Only)Hwang, S., Greenlee, J.J., Vance, N.M., Nicholson, E.M. 2018. RT-QuIC seeding activity using elk recombinant prion proteins discriminates scrapie isolates. Prion 2018. Poster No. P58, p. 85.Pathologic and biochemical characterization of PrPSc from elk with PRNP polymorphisms at codon 132 after experimental infection with the chronic wasting disease agent
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Moore, S.J., Vrentas, C.E., Hwang, S., West Greenlee, M.H., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2018. Pathologic and biochemical characterization of PrPSc from elk with PRNP polymorphisms at codon 132 after experimental infection with the chronic wasting disease agent. BMC Veterinary Research. 14(1):80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1400-9.Differential effects of divalent cations on elk prion protein fibril formation and stability
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Samorodnitsky, D., Nicholson, E.M. 2018. Differential effects of divalent cations on elk prion protein fibril formation and stability. Prion. 12(1):63-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2017.1423187.Detection of BSE prions by RT-QuIC in cattle with subclinical BSE
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hwang, S., West Greenlee, M.H., Balkema-Buschmann, A., Groschup, M.H., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2018. Real-time quaking-induced conversion detection of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions in a subclinical steer. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 4:242. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2017.00242.Effects of a naturally occurring amino acid substitution in bovine PrP: a model for inherited prion disease in a natural host species

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Vrentas, C.E., Greenlee, J.J., Foster, G.H., West, J., Jahnke, M.M., Schmidt, M.T., Nicholson, E.M. 2017. Effects of a naturally occurring amino acid substitution in bovine PrP: a model for inherited prion disease in a natural host species. BMC Research Notes. 10:759. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-3085-8.Use of bovine recombinant prion protein and real-time quaking-induced conversion to detect transmissible mink encephalopathy prions and discriminate classical and atypical L- and H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hwang, S., Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M. 2017. Use of bovine recombinant prion protein and real-time quaking-induced conversion to detect cattle transmissible mink encephalopathy prions and discriminate classical and atypical L- and H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy. PLoS One. 12(2):e0172391.Quantitating PrP polymorphisms present in prions from heterozygous scrapie-infected sheep

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Silva, C.J., Erickson-Beltran, M.L., Hui, C., Badiola, J.J., Nicholson, E.M., Requena, J.R., Bolea, R. 2016. Quantitating PrP polymorphisms present in prions from heterozygous scrapie-infected sheep. Analytical Chemistry. 89(1):854-861. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03822.A comparison of classical and H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy associated with E211K prion protein polymorphism in wild type and EK211 cattle following intracranial inoculation

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Moore, S.J., West Greenlee, M.H., Smith, J.D., Vrentas, C.E., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2016. A comparison of classical and H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy associated with E211K prion protein polymorphism in wild type and EK211 cattle following intracranial inoculation. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 3:78.Horizontal transmission of chronic wasting disease in reindeer

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Moore, S., Kunkle, R., Greenlee, M., Nicholson, E., Richt, J., Hamir, A., Waters, W., Greenlee, J. 2016. Horizontal transmission of chronic wasting disease in reindeer. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 22(12):2142-2145. doi:10.3201/eid2212.160635.Disparate modes of evolution shaped modern prion (PRNP) and prion-related doppel (PRND) variation in domestic cattle

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Brunelle, B.W., Hannen, A.M., Nicholson, E.M., Seabury, C.M. 2016. Disparate modes of evolution shaped modern prion (PRNP) and prion-related doppel (PRND) variation in domestic cattle. PLoS One. 11(5):e0155924. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155924.Comparison of two US sheep scrapie isolates supports identification as separate strains

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Moore, S.J., Smith, J.D., West Greenlee, M.H., Nicholson, E.M., Richt, J.A., Greenlee, J.J. 2016. Comparison of two US sheep scrapie isolates supports identification as separate strains. Veterinary Pathology. 53(6):1187-1196. doi: 10.1177/0300985816629712.Transmission of chronic wasting disease to sentinel reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

- (Abstract Only)H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy associated with E211K prion protein polymorphism: clinical and pathologic features in wild-type and E211K cattle following intracranial inoculation

- (Abstract Only)Moore, S.J., West Greenlee, M.H., Smith, J., Nicholson, E., Vrentas, C., Greenlee, J. 2015. H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy associated with E211K prion protein polymorphism: clinical and pathologic features in wild-type and E211K cattle following intracranial inoculation. Prion 2015. p. S5.Relationship of PrPSc molecular properties with incubation time in a natural prion disease host: a characterization of three isolates of U.S. sheep scrapie

- (Abstract Only)Vrentas, C., Smith, J., Greenlee, J., Nicholson, E. 2015. Relationship of PrPSc molecular properties with incubation time in a natural prion disease host: a characterization of 3 isolates of US sheep scrapie. Prion 2015. p. S92.Detection of the disease associated form of the prion protein in biological samples

- (Review Article)Nicholson, E.M. 2015. Detection of the disease-associated form of the prion protein in biological samples. Bioanalysis. 7(2):253-261.hTERT-immortalized ovine microglia propagate natural scrapie isolates

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Munoz-Gutierrez, J.F., Schneider, D.A., Baszler, T.V., Dinkel, K.D., Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M., Stanton, J.J. 2015. hTERT-immortalized ovine microglia propagate natural scrapie isolates. Virus Research. 198:35-43.Lack of prion accumulation in lymphoid tissues of PRNP ARQ/ARR sheep intracranially inoculated with the agent of scrapie

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Greenlee, J.J., Kunkle, R.A., Richt, J.A., Nicholson, E.M., Hamir, A.N. 2014. Lack of prion accumulation in lymphoid tissues of PRNP ARQ/ARR sheep intracranially inoculated with the agent of scrapie. PLoS One. 9(9):e108029.Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: Atypical Pros and Cons

- (Proceedings)Kehrli Jr, M.E., Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M. 2014. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: Atypical Pros and Cons. Proceedings of the California Animal Nutrition Conference, May 13-16, 2014, Fresno, California. p. 70-81.Stability properties of PrPSc from cattle with experimental transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Vrentas, C.E., Greenlee, J.J., Baron, T., Caramelli, M., Czub, S., Nicholson, E.M. 2013. Stability properties of PrPSc from cattle with experimental transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: use of a rapid whole homogenate, protease-free assay. BMC Veterinary Research. 9:167.Relationships between PrPSc stability and incubation time for United States scrapie strains in a natural host system

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Vrentas, C.E., Greenlee, J.J., Tatum, T.L., Nicholson, E.M. 2012. Relationships between PrPSc stability and incubation time for United States scrapie isolates in a natural host system. PLoS ONE. 7(8):e43060.Comparative aspects of bovine spongiform encephalopathy isolates found in the U.S.

- (Abstract Only)Greenlee, J.J., Smith, J.D., Vrentas, C.E., West Greenlee, M.H., Nicholson, E.M. 2012. Comparative aspects of bovine spongiform encephalopathy isolates found in the U.S. American College of Veterinary Pathologists 63rd Annual Meeting. Paper No. E-16.Susceptibility of cattle to the agent of chronic wasting disease from elk after intracranial inoculation

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M., Smith, J.D., Kunkle, R.A., Hamir, A.N. 2012. Susceptibility of cattle to the agent of chronic wasting disease from elk after intracranial inoculation. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 24(6):1087-1093.Stability of PrP**Sc from cattle inoculated with different BSE strains

- (Abstract Only)Nicholson, E.M., Vrentas, C.E., Greenlee, J.J. 2012. Stability of PrPSc from cattle inoculated with different BSE strains. 26th Annual Symposium of The Protein Society. p. 210.Use of an ELISA-based stability assay to examine host genotype, PrP**Sc stability, and incubation time relationships in U.S. livestock prion strains

- (Abstract Only)Vrentas, C.E., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2012. Use of an ELISA stability assay to examine host genotype, PrPSc stability, and incubation time relationships in U.S. livestock prion strains. 26th Annual Symposium of The Protein Society. p. 211.A comparative analysis of rapid methods for purification and refolding of recombinant bovine prion protein

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Vrentas, C.E., Onstot, S., Nicholson, E.M. 2012. A comparative analysis of rapid methods for purification and refolding of recombinant bovine prion protein. Protein Expression and Purification. 82(2):380-388.Prolonged incubation time in sheep with prion protein containing lysine at position 171

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Greenlee, J.J., Zhang, Xia, Nicholson, E.M., Kunkle, R.A., Hamir, A.N. 2012. Prolonged incubation time in sheep with prion protein containing lysine at position 171. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 24(3):554-558.Experimental Interspecies Transmission Studies of the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies to Cattle: Comparison to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Cattle

- (Review Article)Hamir, A.N., Kehrli, Jr., M.E., Kunkle, R.A., Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M., Richt, J.A., Miller, J.M., Cutlip, R.C. 2011. Experimental interspecies transmission studies of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies to cattle: comparison to bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 23(3):407-420.PrPSc detection in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue by ELISA

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J., Hamir, A.N. 2011. PrPSc detection in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue by ELISA. BMC Research Notes. 4(1):432.Enrichment of PrPSc in Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissues Prior to Analysis by Western Blot

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Nicholson, E.M. 2011. Enrichment of PrPSc in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues prior to analysis by Western blot. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 23(4):790-792.Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissue as a Starting Point for PrPSc Detection by ELISA

- (Abstract Only)Nicholson, E.M. 2010. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue as a starting point for PrPSc detection by ELISA [abstract]. Prion. 4(3):213.Experimental Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) from Elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to Fallow Deer (Dama dama) by Intracerebral Route: Final Report

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hamir, A.N., Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M., Kunkle, R.A., Richt, J.A., Miller, J.M., Hall, M. 2011. Experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from elk and white-tailed deer to fallow deer by intracerebral route: final report. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research. 75(2):152-156.Manganese Upregulates Cellular Prion Protein and Contributes to Altered Stabilization and Proteolysis: Relevance to Role of Metals in Pathogenesis of Prion Disease

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Choi, C.J., Anantharam, V., Martin, D.P., Nicholson, E.M., Richt, J., Kanthasamy, A., Kanthasamy, A. 2010. Manganese Upregulates Cellular Prion Protein and Contributes to Altered Stabilization and Proteolysis: Relevance to Role of Metals in Pathogenesis of Prion Disease. Toxicological Sciences. 115(2):535-546.Lack of Prion Accumulation in Lymphoid Tissues of Scrapie-affected Sheep with the AA136, QR171 Prion Protein Genotype

- (Abstract Only)Kunkle, R.A., Hamir, A.N., Richt, J., Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M., Kehrli, Jr., M.E. 2009. Lack of Prion Accumulation in Lymphoid Tissues of Scrapie-affected Sheep with the AA136, QR171 Prion Protein Genotype [abstract]. American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. Paper No. 186.Susceptibility of Cattle to First-Passage Intracerebral Inoculation with Chronic Wasting Disease Agent from Elk

- (Abstract Only)Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M., Kunkle, R.A., Hamir, A.N. Susceptibility of Cattle to First-Passage Intracerebral Inoculation with Chronic Wasting Disease Agent from Elk [abstract]. American College of Veterinary Pathologists Annual Meeting. Veterinary Pathology. 46(5):1058.Guanidinium Chloride Unfolding of PrP**Sc Exhibits Marked Differences Between Genotypes

- (Abstract Only)Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J., Kunkle, R.A., Hamir, A.N. 2009. Guanidinium Chloride Unfolding of PrP**Sc Exhibits Marked Differences Between Genotypes [abstract]. Prion 2009. p. 182.Prolonged Incubation Time in Sheep with QK171 Genotype

- (Abstract Only)Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M., Kunkle, R.A., Hamir, A.N. 2009. Prolonged Incubation Time in Sheep with QK171 Genotype [abstract]. Prion 2009. p. 120.Origins of BSE: evidence of sporadic and heritable BSE

- (Abstract Only)Nicholson, E.M., Brunelle, B.W., Kehrli, Jr., M.E., Greenlee, J.J. 2008. Origins of BSE: Evidence of Sporadic and Heritable BSE [abstract]. United States-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources. p. 7.Frequencies of polymorphisms associated with BSE resistance differ significantly between Bos taurus, Bos indicus, and composite cattle

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Brunelle, B.W., Greenlee, J.J., Seabury, C.M., Brown II, C.E., Nicholson, E.M. 2008. Frequencies of Polymorphisms Associated with BSE Resistance Differ Significantly Between Bos taurus, Bos indicus, and Composite Cattle. BioMed Central (BMC) Veterinary Research. 4(1):36. Available: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/4/36.Strain typing of U.S. scrapie strains using a panel of inbred mice

- (Abstract Only)Greenlee, J.J., Kunkle, R.A., Nicholson, E.M., Hamir, A.N., Bulgin, M.S., Richt, J. 2009. Strain Typing of U.S. Scrapie Strains Using a Panel of Inbred Mice [abstract]. American College of Veterinary Pathologists. Paper No. 121. p. 762.Experimental transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (scrapie, chronic wasting disease, transmissible mink encephalopathy) to cattle and their differentiation from bovine spongiform encephalopathy

- (Abstract Only)Hamir, A.N., Cutlip, R.C., Miler, J.M., Kunkle, R.A., Richt, J.A., Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M., Kehrli, Jr., M.E. 2008. Experimental Transmission of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Scrapie, Chronic Wasting Disease, Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy) to Cattle and Their Differentiation from Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [abstract]. American College of Veterinary Pathologists. Paper No. 153. p. 770.Identification of a heritable polymorphism in bovine PRNP associated with genetic transmissible spongiform encephalopathy: evidence of heritable BSE

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Nicholson, E.M., Brunelle, B.W., Richt, J.A., Kehrli, Jr., M.E., Greenlee, J.J. 2008. Identification of a Heritable Polymorphism in Bovine PRNP Associated with Genetic Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy: Evidence of Heritable BSE. PloS ONE. 3(8):e2912.Lack of prion accumulation in lymphoid tissues of scrapie-affected sheep with AA136, QR171 polymorphism type

- (Abstract Only)Kunkle, R.A., Hamir, A.N., Richt, J.A., Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M., Kehrli, Jr., M.E. 2008. Lack of Prion Accumulation in Lymphoid Tissues of Scrapie-Affected Sheep with AA136, QR171 Polymorphism Type [abtract]. Prion 2008. p. 75.Identification of a heritable polymorphism in the bovine prion gene associated with genetic transmissible spongiform encephalopathy: evidence of heritable BSE

- (Abstract Only)Nicholson, E.M., Brunelle, B.W., Richt, J.A., Kehrli, Jr., M.E., Greenlee, J.J. 2008. Identification of a Heritable Polymorphism in the Bovine Prion Gene Associated with Genetic Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy: Evidence of Heritable BSE [abstract]. Prion 2008. p. 114.Experimental transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (scrapie, chronic wasting disease, transmissible mink encephalopathy) to cattle and their differentiation from bovine spongiform encephalopathy

- (Abstract Only)Hamir, A.N., Kunkle, R.A., Richt, J.A., Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M., Kehrli, Jr., M.E. 2008. Experimental Transmission of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Scrapie, Chronic Wasting Disease, Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy) to Cattle and their Differentiation from Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [abstract]. Prion 2008. p. 65.Divalent metals stabilize cellular prion proteins and alter the rate of proteinase-K dependent limited proteolysis

- (Abstract Only)Kanthasamy, A.G., Choi, C., Nicholson, E.M., Anantharam, V., Richt, J.A., Kanthasamy, A. 2008. Divalent Metals Stabilize Cellular Prion Proteins and Alter the Rate of Proteinase-K Dependent Limited Proteolysis [abstract]. Prion 2008. p. 104.Western-blot detection of PrP**sc in archived paraffin-embedded brainstem from scrapie-affected sheep

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Kunkle, R.A., Nicholson, E.M., Lebepe-Mazur, S., Orcutt, D.L., Srinivas, M.L., Greenlee, J.J., Alt, D.P., Hamir, A.N. 2008. Western blot detection of PrP**sc in archived paraffin-embedded brainstem from scrapie-affected sheep. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 20(4):522-526.Experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) to white-tailed deer by intracerebral route

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hamir, A.N., Richt, J., Miller, J.M., Kunkle, R.A., Hall, S., Nicholson, E.M., Orourke, K.I., Greenlee, J.J., Williams, E.S. 2008. Experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) to white-tailed deer by intracerebral route. Veterinary Pathology. 45(3):297-306.Preliminary observations on the experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from elk and white-tailed deer to fallow deer

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hamir, A.N., Kunkle, R.A., Nicholson, E.M., Miller, J.M., Hall, S.M., Schonenbrucher, H., Brunelle, B.W., Richt, J.A. 2008. Preliminary observations on the experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from elk and white-tailed deer to fallow deer. Journal of Comparative Pathology. 138(2-3):121-130.Allele, genotype, and haplotype data for BSE-resistance polymorphisms from healthy U.S. holstein cattle

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Brunelle, B.W., Kehrli, Jr., M.E., Stabel, J.R., Moody Spurlock, D., Hansen, L.B., Nicholson, E.M. 2007. Allele, genotype, and haplotype data for bovine spongiform encephalopathy-resistance polymorphisms from healthy US holstein cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 91:338–342.Preliminary observations on the experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from elk and white-tailed deer to fallow deer (Dama dama)

- (Abstract Only)Hamir, A.N., Kunkle, R.A., Nicholson, E.M., Miller, J.M., Hall, S.M., Schonenbrucher, H., Brunelle, B.W., Richt, J.A. 2007. Preliminary observations on the experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from elk and white-tailed deer to fallow deer (Dama dama) [abstract]. European Society of Veterinary Pathology 25th Annual Meeting. Paper No. 49. p. 104.Experimental transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (scrapie, chronic wasting disease, transmissible mink encephalopathy) to cattle and their differentiation from bovine spongiform encephalopathy

- (Proceedings)Hamir, A.N., Cutlip, R.C., Miller, J.M., Kunkle, R.A., Richt, J.A., Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M., Kehrli, Jr., M.E. 2007. Experimental transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (scrapie, chronic wasting disease, transmissible mink encephalopathy) to cattle and their differentiation from bovine spongiform encephalopathy. In: Proceedings of the World Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians 13th International Symposium, November 11-14, 2007, Melbourne, Australia. p. 29.Experimental chronic wasting disease (CWD) in fallow deer

- (Abstract Only)Hamir, A.N., Kunkle, R.A., Nicholson, E.M., Miller, J.M., Hall, S.M., Schonenbrucher, H.H., Richt, J.A. 2007. Preliminary observations on the experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from elk and white-tailed deet to fallow deer [abstract]. Prion 2007. Paper No. PO2.43.Pathobiology and diagnosis of animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: current knowledge, research gaps, and opportunities

- (Government Publication)Kehrli, Jr., M.E., O'Rourke, K.I., Hamir, A.N., Richt, J.A., Nicholson, E.M., Silva, C.J., Edelman, D., Gay, C.G. 2007. Pathobiology and diagnosis of animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: current knowledge, research gaps, and opportunities [government white paper]. Beltsville, MD: Interagency Working Group on Prion Science, Subcommittee on Pathobiology and Diagnostics. USDA, Agriculture Research Service. 33 p.Detection of the disease-associated isoform of the prion protein in formalin-fixed tissues by Western blot

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Nicholson, E.M., Kunkle, R.A., Hamir, A.N., Lebepe Mazur, S., Orcutt, D. 2007. Detection of the disease-associated isoform of the prion protein in formalin-fixed tissues by Western blot. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 19:548-552.Cross-species transmission of TSE

- (Proceedings)Richt, J.A., Hamir, A.N., Kunkle, R.A., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2007. Cross-species transmission of TSE. In: Proceedings of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2007 ACVIM Forum, June 6-9, 2007, Seattle, Washington. Paper No. 160.EXPOSURE OF SHEEP SCRAPIE BRAIN HOMOGENATE TO RUMEN-SIMULATING CONDITIONS DOES NOT RESULT IN A REDUCTION OF PRP**SC LEVELS

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Nicholson, E.M., Richt, J.A., Rasmussen, M.A., Hamir, A.N., Lebepe-Mazur, S, Horst, R.L. 2007. Exposure of sheep scrapie brain homogenate to rumen-simulating conditions does not result in a reduction of PrP**sc levels. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 44:631-636.Detection of PrP**Sc in formalin-fixed tissues by western blot

- (Abstract Only)Nicholson, E.M., Kunkle, R.A., Hamir, A.N. 2006. Detection of PrP**Sc in formalin-fixed tissues by western blot [abstract]. United States-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources. p. 16.Identification and characterization of two bovine spongiform encephalopathy cases diagnosed in the United States

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Richt, J.A., Kunkle, R.A., Alt, D., Nicholson, E.M., Hamir, A.N., Czub, S., Kluge, J., Davis, A.J., Hall, S.M. 2007. Identification and characterization of two bovine spongiform encephalopathy cases diagnosed in the United States. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 19(2):142-154.MANGANESE UPREGULATES CELLULAR PRION PROTEINS AND INHIBITS THE RATE OF PROTEINASE-K DEPENDENT LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS IN NEURONAL CELLS

- (Abstract Only)Choi, C.J., Anantharam, V., Nicholson, E., Richt, J., Kanthasamy, A., Kanthasamy, A.G. 2006. Manganese upregulates cellular prion proteins and inhibits the rate of proteinase-K dependent limited proteolysis in neuronal cells [abstract]. Society for Neuroscience. Paper No. 74.23.DETECTION OF PRP**SC IN FORMALIN-FIXED TISSUES BY WESTERN BLOT

- (Abstract Only)Nicholson, E.M., Hamir, A.N., Kunkle, R.A. 2006. Detection of PrP**sc in formalin-fixed tissues by Western blot [abstract]. United States Animal Health Association. p. 332.ATTEMPTED TRANSMISSION OF SCRAPIE AND CWD TO SWINE: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS

- (Proceedings)Greenlee, J.J., Kunkle, R.A. Nicholson, E.M., Lager, K.M., Hamir, A.N. 2006. Attempted transmission of scrapie and CWD to swine: preliminary findings. 19th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress. p. 386.TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES: BIOLOGY AND DISEASE

- (Book / Chapter)Nicholson, E.M., Richt, J.A. 2006. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: biology and disease. Encyclopedia of Animal Science [online]. 1(1). Available: http://www.dekker.com/sdek/abstract~db=enc~content=a713617944.TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES: DETECTION & DIAGNOSIS

- (Book / Chapter)Nicholson, E.M., Richt, J.A. 2003. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: detection & diagnosis. Encyclopedia of Animal Science [online]. 1(1). http://www.dekker.com/sdek/abstract~db=enc~content=a713617959.NATURAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PRION DISEASES OF CATTLE

- (Abstract Only)Richt, J.A., Hamir, A.N., Kunkle, R.A., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J., Miller, J.M., Cutlip, R., Davis, A.J., Hall, S.M. 2005. Natural and experimental prion diseases of cattle [abstract]. Third International Rushmore Conference on Enteric Diseases. Paper No. 14.BIOCHEMISTRY OF PRION DISEASES

- (Abstract Only)Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J., Richt, J., Hamir, A.N., Kunkle, R.A., Kehrli, Jr., M.E. 2005. Biochemistry of prion diseases. Association of Analytical Communities International, Midwest Section [abstract].  Abstract No. 601.  p. 38.LOSS OF PRION PROTEIN IMMUNOREACTIVITY AFTER BOILING IN SATURATED CALCIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION

- (Abstract Only)Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M., Hamir, A.N., Richt, J.A., Kunkle, R.A., Noyes, G., Hotzapple, M.T., Kehrli Jr., M.E. 2005. Loss of prion protein immunoreactivity after boiling in saturated calcium hydroxide solution [abstract]. Keystone Symposia: Molecular Mechanisms of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies. Poster No. 125.ESTABLISHMENT OF A REAL TIME-PCR BASED ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OVINE PRP MRNA

- (Abstract Only)Nicholson, E.M., Young, A.J., Richt, J. 2004. Establishment of a real time-PCR based assay for the determination of ovine PrP mRNA [abstract]. Animal Prion Diseases and the Americas. p. 90.


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