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                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Invasive Plant Research Laboratory: Fort Lauderdale, FL
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ARS Home Southeast Area Fort Lauderdale, Florida Invasive Plant Research Laboratory People







Melissa C Smith    Research Ecologist  Dr. Smith joined the Invasive Plant Research Laboratory in Fort Lauderdale, Florida as a post-doc in 2012 and as a full time Research Ecologist in 2016. Dr. Smith grew up in the Pacific Northwest in a farming family, which despite her best efforts, instilled a strong affinity for plants and the natural world. Dr. Smith attended Willamette University where she earned a Bachelor of Arts in Biology while supported by a vocal music scholarship. While in undergrad, Dr. Smith attended the Organization for Tropical Studies tropical ecology semester abroad where it became apparent that people did, in fact, work as ecologists. Before committing to a graduate program, Dr. Smith joined the National Park Service as an education and interpretation ranger, working in Kenai Fjords National Park, Glacier National Park and Everglades National Park. During this time, Dr. Smith became interested by how invasive species impact affect landscapes that are ecologically critical. During her PhD at Washington State University, Dr. Smith worked with Dr. Richard Mack to develop testing protocols to determine invasiveness in plants from a suite of physiological responses. At the Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Dr. Smith has delved into many collaborative projects to investigate larger ecological questions (e.g., competition, predation, parasitism, succession) within a biological control context. Most recently, Dr. Smith was awarded an ARS Areawide Project to develop IPM for waterhyacinth, the world’s “most invasive” weed, but also to elucidate the larger ecological consequences of IPM measures within the community.  Publications(Clicking on the reprint iconReprint Icon  will take you to the publication reprint.)Assessing the status of biological control of air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) in the southeastern USA-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Manrigue, V., Kraus, E., Schaffer, C., Diaz, R., Kelm, C., Poffenberger, R., Murray, R., Smith, M., Dray Jr, F.A., Leidi, J.G., Lake, E., Rayamajhi, M., Minteer, C., Mass, J.L., Hight, S.D. 2023. Assessing the status of biological control of air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) in the southeastern USA. Biocontrol Science and Technology. (33)12:1173-1185. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2023.2294207.Agricultural Research Service weed science research: past, present, and future-(Review Article) Young, S.L., Anderson, J.V., Baerson, S.R., Bajsa Hirschel, J.N., Blumenthal, D.M., Boyd, C.S., Boyette, C.D., Brennan, E.B., Cantrell, C.L., Chao, W.S., Chee Sanford, J.C., Clements, D.D., Dray Jr, F.A., Duke, S.O., Porter, K.M., Fletcher, R.S., Fulcher, M.R., Gaskin, J., Grewell, B.J., Hamerlynck, E.P., Hoagland, R.E., Horvath, D.P., Law, E.P., Madsen, J., Martin, D.E., Mattox, C.M., Mirsky, S.B., Molin, W.T., Moran, P.J., Mueller, R.C., Nandula, V.K., Newingham, B.A., Pan, Z., Porensky, L.M., Pratt, P.D., Price, A.J., Rector, B.G., Reddy, K.N., Sheley, R.L., Smith, L., Smith, M., Snyder, K.A., Tancos, M.A., West, N.M., Wheeler, G.S., Williams, M., Wolf, J.E., Wonkka, C.L., Wright, A.A., Xi, J., Ziska, L.H. 2023. Agricultural Research Service weed science research: past, present, and future. Weed Science. 71(4):312-327. https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2023.31.Biological control food webs suggest biotic resistance not apparent competition-(Abstract Only) Smith, M., Lake, E., Minteer, C., Tipping, P.W., Rice-David, K. 2023. Biological control food webs suggest biotic resistance not apparent competition. Ecological Society of America Abstracts.Using Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) populations to assess waterhyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) management-(Abstract Only) Schutt, S., Hoch, M.J., Smith, M., Goode, A. 2023. Using Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) populations to assess waterhyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) management. Ecological Society of America Abstracts.Effects of insect herbivory on herbicidal control of Pistia stratiotes haplotypes-(Abstract Only) Farris, S.C., Foley Iv, J.R., Pokorney, E., Ditmyer, M.Y., Gettys, L., Wheeler, G.S. 2023. Effects of insect herbivory on herbicidal control of Pistia stratiotes haplotypes. Ecological Society of America Abstracts.Life history of the leaf-feeding beetle Calomela intemerata, a potential biocontrol agent against Acacia auriculiformis-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Goosem, C., Zonneveld, R., Smith, M., Minteer, C., Purcell, M. 2023. Life history of the leaf-feeding beetle Calomela intemerata, a potential biocontrol agent against Acacia auriculiformis. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 00:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13361.Population genetic structure of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and its implications for the biological control of water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes)-(Abstract Only) Salinas, N., Smith, M., Coetzee, J., Hill, M., Brentassi, M., Sosa, A. 2023. Population genetic structure of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and its implications for the biological control of water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes). Meeting Abstract.Crown area predicts total biomass for Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, an invasive shrub in Florida-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Smith, M., Pratt, P.D., Rayamajhi, M.B. 2022. Crown area predicts total biomass for Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, an invasive shrub in Florida. Invasive Plant Science and Management. 15(1):61-66. https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.8.Strategic considerations for invasive species managers in the utilization of environmental DNA (eDNA): steps for incorporating this powerful surveillance tool-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Morisette J, Burgiel S, Brantley K, Daniel WM, Darling J, Davis J, Franklin T, Gaddis K, Hunter M, Lance R, Leskey T, Passamaneck Y, Piaggio A, Rector B, Sepulveda A, Smith M, Stepien CA, Wilcox T (2021) Strategic considerations for invasive species managers in the utilization of environmental DNA (eDNA): steps for incorporating this powerful surveillance tool. Management of Biological Invasions 12(3): 747–775, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3.15.Phenological synchrony between a weed (Dioscorea bulbifera) and a biocontrol agent (Lilioceris cheni) in the introduced range, Florida: implication in biological control-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Rayamajhi, M.B., Rohrig, E., Lake, E.C., Smith, M., Pratt, P.D., Dray Jr, F.A., Halbritter, D.A., Leidi, J.G. 2021. Phenological synchrony between a weed (Dioscorea bulbifera) and a biocontrol agent (Lilioceris cheni) in the introduced range, Florida: implication in biological control. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 31(8):797–816. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2021.1885627.Is biological control for earleaf acacia (Acacia auriculiformis) Feasible in the United States?-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Minteer, C., Smith, M., Madeira, P.T., Goosem, C., Zonnevald, R., Makinson, J., Wheeler, G.S., Purcell, M. 2020. Is biological control for earleaf acacia (Acacia auriculiformis) Feasible in the United States? Biocontrol Science and Technology. 30(12):1275-1299. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2020.1833305.Weeding around the edges of the science of invasive plant management: biological control agent hybridization, apparent competition, and biotic resistance-(Abstract Only)The biology of Casmara subagronoma (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), a stem boring moth of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Myrtaceae): descriptions of the previously unknown adult female and immature stages, and its potential as a biologic-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Wineriter-Wright, S., Smith, M., Metz, M., Makinson, J., Bradley, B., Purcell, M., Pratt, P.D. 2020. The biology of Casmara subagronoma (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), a stem boring moth of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Myrtaceae): descriptions of the previously unknown adult female and immature stages, and its potential as a biologic. Insects. 11(10):653. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11100653.Fundamental host range of Lophodiplosis indentata (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), the last proposed biological control agent for Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae) in Florida-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Smith, M., Wright, S., Clark, P.T., Pratt, P.D., Purcell, M., Brown, B. 2020. Fundamental host range of Lophodiplosis indentata (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), the last proposed biological control agent for Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae) in Florida. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 30(10):1073-1082. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2020.1787345.Acute toxicity of mosquito pesticides on weed biological control agents in South Florida, USA-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Wheeler, G.S., Lake, E.C., Rayamajhi, M.B., Smith, M. 2020. Acute toxicity of mosquito pesticides on weed biological control agents in South Florida, USA. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 30(8):855-861. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2020.1768220.Potential for negative interactions between successful arthropod and weed biological control programs: a case study with Lilioceris species-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Lake, E.C., Tewksbury, L., Smith, M., Dray Jr, F.A., Russell, A., Madeira, P.T., Rayamajhi, M.B., Casagrande, R. 2020. Potential for negative interactions between successful arthropod and weed biological control programs: a case study with Lilioceris species. Biological Control. 144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104218.Simulation of post-hurricane impact on invasive species with biological control management-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Xu, L., Zdechlik, M., Smith, M., Rayamajhi, M.B., Deangelis, D., Zhang, B. 2019. Simulation of post-hurricane impact on invasive species with biological control management. Forests. 40(6):4059-4071. https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2020038.The first pupal parasitoids of Neomusotima conspurcatalis Warren (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a biological control agent of Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. (Polypodiales: Lygodiaceae) in Florida-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Lake, E.C., Kula, R.R., Gates, M.W., Smith, M., Minteer, C., Tipping, P.W. 2019. The first pupal parasitoids of Neomusotima conspurcatalis Warren (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a biological control agent of Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. (Polypodiales: Lygodiaceae) in Florida. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 121(2):314-319. https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.121.2.314.Herbivory by the biocontrol agent Lilioceris cheni suppresses propagule production and smothering ability of the invasive vine Dioscorea bulbifera-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Rayamajhi, M.B., Rohrig, E., Leidi, J.G., Kerr, C., Salcedo, E., Poffenberger, R., Smith, M., Lake, E.C., Dray Jr, F.A., Pratt, P.D., Tipping, P.W., Center, T.D. 2019. Herbivory by the biocontrol agent Lilioceris cheni suppresses propagule production and smothering ability of the invasive vine Dioscorea bulbifera. Biological Control. 130:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.12.001.Will biological control agents of Lilioceris lilii, lily leaf beetle, parasitize congeneric weed biological control agents for air potato?-(Abstract Only)The complete chloroplast genome of the invasive fern Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br-(Peer Reviewed Journal) McCulloch, G., Hereward, J., Lake, E.C., Smith, M., Purcell, M., Walter, G. 2018. The complete chloroplast genome of the invasive fern Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 3(2):746-747. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1483755.Minimum threshold for establishment and dispersal of Lilioceris cheni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelide): a biological control agent of Dioscorea bulbifera-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Lake, E.C., Smith, M., Rayamajhi, M.B., Pratt, P.D., Dray Jr, F.A. 2018. Minimum threshold for establishment and dispersal of Lilioceris cheni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelide): a biological control agent of Dioscorea bulbifera. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 28(6):603-613. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2018.1468999.Apparent tolerance of low water availability in temperate Asian bamboos-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Smith, M., Mack, R.N. 2018. Apparent tolerance of low water availability in temperate Asian bamboos. Journal of Environmental Horticulture. 36(1):7-13.Changes in latitude: overwintering survival of two Lilioceris cheni(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) biotypes in Florida-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Smith, M., Overholt, W.C., Lake, E.C., Diaz, R., Manrique, V., Hight, S.D., Rohrig, E., Minteer, C., Wheeler, G.S., Rayamajhi, M.B., Bowers, K.E., Kerr, C. 2018. Changes in latitude: overwintering survival of two Lilioceris cheni(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) biotypes in Florida. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 28(3):293-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2018.1441371.Hybridization of two biotypes of Lilioceris cheni will not hinder biological control of air potato, Dioscorea bulbifera-(Abstract Only)Three-way interaction between biological control insects, a congener and their shared parasitoid: Evidence of biotic resistance-(Abstract Only)Non-selective feeding and oviposition behavior of Cryptocephalus trifasciata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cryptocephalinae), precludes its use as a biological control agent for downy rose myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa)-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Smith, M., Wright, S.A., Wheeler, G.S., Purcell, M., Mankinson, J. 2017. Non-selective feeding and oviposition behavior of Cryptocephalus trifasciata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cryptocephalinae), precludes its use as a biological control agent for downy rose myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa). Biocontrol Science and Technology. 27(3):445-448.Teaching complex ecological concepts through a demonstration garden Biodiversity, invasions and conservation in practice-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Minteer, C., Smith, M., Lake, E.C., Pokorny, E.N. 2018. Teaching complex ecological concepts through a demonstration garden Biodiversity, invasions and conservation in practice. The American Biology Teacher. 80(5):346-352.Comparative Evaluation of Development and Reproductive Capacity of Two Biotypes of Lilioceris cheni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Biological Control Agents of Air Potato (Dioscorea Bulbifera) in Florida-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Manrique, V., Lake, E.C., Smith, M., Diaz, R., Franko, C., Pratt, P.D., Rayamajhi, M.B., Overholt, W.A. 2017. Comparative Evaluation of Development and Reproductive Capacity of Two Biotypes of Lilioceris cheni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Biological Control Agents of Air Potato (Dioscorea Bulbifera) in Florida. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 110(3):310-316.Release and distribution of Lilioceris cheni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of air potato (Dioscorea bulbilfera: Dioscoreaceae), in Florida-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Overholt, W.A., Rayamajhi, M.B., Rohrig, E., Hight, S.D., Dray  Jr, F.A., Lake, E.C., Smith, M., Hibbard, K., Bhattarai, G., Bowers, K.E., Poffenberger, R., Clark, M., Curry, B., Stange, B., Calise, E., Wasylik, T.K., Martinez, C.M., Leidi, J.G. 2016. Release and distribution of Lilioceris cheni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of air potato (Dioscorea bulbilfera: Dioscoreaceae), in Florida. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 26:1087-1099.Oviposition preference by Neomusotima conspurcatalis, a biological control agent for the invasive fern, Lygodium microphyllum-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Smith, M.C., Lake, E.C., Wheeler, G.S. 2016. Oviposition preference by Neomusotima conspurcatalis, a biological control agent for the invasive fern, Lygodium microphyllum. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 160(1):11-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12450.Indirect ecological effects in invaded landscapes: Spillover and spillback from biological control agents to native analogues-(Abstract Only) Smith, M., Minteer, C., Lake, E.C., Wheeler, G.S., Tipping, P.W. 2016. Indirect ecological effects in invaded landscapes: Spillover and spillback from biological control agents to native analogues. Ecological Society of America (ESA). https://eco.confex.com/eco/2016/preliminaryprogram/abstract_59794.htm.The role of melaleuca control in Everglades restoration: accomplishments and future plans-(Abstract Only)First report of an egg parasitoid reared from Neomusotima conspurcatalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) a biological control agent of Lygodium microphyllum (Schizaeales: Lygodiaceae)-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Lake, E.C., Gates, M.W., Smith, M., Witkus, G.L., Pratt, P.D. 2015. First report of an egg parasitoid reared from Neomusotima conspurcatalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) a biological control agent of Lygodium microphyllum (Schizaeales: Lygodiaceae). Florida Entomologist. 98(4)1244:1246.Potential role of masting by introduced bamboos in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) population irruptions holds public health consequences-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Smith, M., Gomulkiewicz, R., Mack, R.N. 2015. Potential role of masting by introduced bamboos in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) population irruptions holds public health consequences. PLoS One. 10(4):e124419. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124419.Ecological host-range of Lilioceris cheni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of Dioscorea bulbifera L.-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Lake, E.C., Smith, M., Dray  Jr, F.A., Pratt, P.D. 2015. Ecological host-range of Lilioceris cheni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of Dioscorea bulbifera L.. Biological Control. 85:18-24.Dispersal and establishment of new populations of the biological control agent Floracarus perrepae (Acariformes: Eriophyidae) on Old World climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum (Polypodiales: Lygodiaceae)-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Lake, E.C., Smith, M., Pratt, P.D., Boughton, A.J., Pemberton, R.W. 2014. Dispersal and establishment of new populations of the biological control agent Floracarus perrepae (Acariformes: Eriophyidae) on Old World climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum (Polypodiales: Lygodiaceae). Florida Entomologist. 97(2):827-829.Precision pulling: Federal invasive plant lab helps Broward county remove invasive ferns-(Trade Journal) Smith, M., Lake, E.C., Howell, P. 2014. Precision pulling: Federal invasive plant lab helps Broward county remove invasive ferns. Wildland Weeds. 16: 23-24.Host range validation, molecular identification, and release and establishment of a Chinese biotype of the Asian leaf beetle Lilioceris cheni (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae:Criocerinae) for control of Dioscorea bulbifera L. in ...-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Center, T.D., Rayamajhi, M., Dray, F.A., Madeira, P.M., Witkus, G., Rohrig, E., Mattison, E., Lake, E., Smith, M., Zhang, J., Purcell, M., Konstantinov, A., Schmitz, D. Host range validation, molecular identification, and release and establishment of a Chinese biotype of the Asian leaf beetle Lilioceris cheni (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae:Criocerinae) for control of Dioscorea bulbifera L. in the southern United States. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 23(7):735-755. 2013.Shade Tolerance of Temperate Asian Bamboos: a Harbinger of their Naturalization in Pacific Northwest Coniferous Forests?-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Smith, M., Mack, R.N. 2013. Shade Tolerance of Temperate Asian Bamboos: a Harbinger of their Naturalization in Pacific Northwest Coniferous Forests?. Biological Invasions. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10530-013-0434-y/fulltext.html.Current status of the biological control agent Neomusotima conspurcatalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Lygodium microphyllum (Polypodiales: Lygodiaceae) in Florida-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Smith, M., Lake, E.C., Pratt, P.D., Boughton, A.J., Pemberton, R.W. 2014. Current status of the biological control agent Neomusotima conspurcatalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Lygodium microphyllum (Polypodiales: Lygodiaceae) in Florida. Florida Entomologist. 97(2):817-820.2014.  ProjectsMass Rearing and Inundative Releases of Megamelus Scutellaris to Manage Waterhyacinth (Pontederia Crassipes) in South FloridaCooperative Agreement (A)Accession Number:445753Development and Implementation of Biological Control Programs for Natural Area Weeds in the Southeastern United StatesIn-House Appropriated (D)Accession Number:439299Overseas Exploration, Quarantine and Development of New Insect Biological Control Agents for Monoecious Hydrilla (Hydrilla Verticillata)Interagency Reimbursable Agreement (I)Accession Number:446228Creating New Partnerships to Manage the Invasion of Foreign Weeds into National Wildlife Refuges.Interagency Reimbursable Agreement (I)Accession Number:437813CERP BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTReimbursable Cooperative Agreement (R)Accession Number:439463Development, Rearing, Release, and Monitoring of Biological Control Agents for Controlling Old World Climbing FernReimbursable Cooperative Agreement (R)Accession Number:443576Foreign Exploration and Preliminary Testing of Potential Biological Control Agents for Azolla Pinnata Subspecies PinnataReimbursable Cooperative Agreement (R)Accession Number:444774Biological Control of Earleaf Acacia (Acacia Auriculiformis) in FloridaReimbursable Cooperative Agreement (R)Accession Number:445202Mass Rearing and Inundative Releases of Megamelus Scutellaris to Manage Waterhyacinth (Pontederia Crassipes) in South FloridaReimbursable Cooperative Agreement (R)Accession Number:445566Investigating Impacts on Community Restoration: The Role of Biological Control HerbivoresNon-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)Accession Number:444437Area-Wide Project for Integrated Management Addressing Waterhyacinth (Pontederia Crassipes)Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)Accession Number:440488Nova Southeastern University Assistance with Area-Wide Project for Integrated Management Addressing Waterhyacinth (Pontederia Crassipes)Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)Accession Number:440592Biological Control of Weeds Endemic to Southeast Asia and Australia that are Invasive in the United StatesNon-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)Accession Number:441627Biological Control of Weeds Endemic to Southeast Asia and Australia that are Invasive in the United StatesNon-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)Accession Number:441663Area-Wide Project for Integrated Management Addressing Waterhyacinth (Pontederia Crassipes)Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)Accession Number:442498  ARS News ArticlesitemLooking for Natural Enemies in Asia to Control Invasive PlantsitemUSDA-Agricultural Research Service and Weed Science Society of America Collaborate to Present Weed Science Webinar Series


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