# Patent

## Title
System and method for controlling trim position of propulsion device on a marine vessel

## Abstract

A method of controlling trim position for a propulsion device on a marine vessel includes receiving a running trim position for the propulsion device, receiving at least one of a steering input value or a roll angle of the marine vessel, and determining a magnitude of the steering input value or a magnitude of the roll angle of the marine vessel. The method further includes determining an adjusted trim position based on the magnitude of the steering input value or the magnitude of the roll angle of the marine vessel, and operating a trim actuator based on the adjusted trim position to decrease the trim angle of the propulsion device below the running trim position while the marine vessel is turning.

## Background
FIELD
The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for controlling trim position of trimmable propulsion device with respect to a transom of a marine vessel.
BACKGROUND
U.S. Pat. No. 6,322,404, incorporated by reference herein, discloses a Hall effect rotational position sensor is mounted on a pivotable member of a marine propulsion system and a rotatable portion of the rotational position sensor is attached to a drive structure of the marine propulsion system. Relative movement between the pivotable member, such as a gimbal ring, and the drive structure, such as the outboard drive portion of the marine propulsion system, cause relative movement between the rotatable and stationary portions of the rotational position sensor. As a result, signals can be provided which are representative of the angular position between the drive structure and the pivotable member.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,156,709, incorporated by reference herein, discloses the calibration procedure allows an upward maximum limit of tilt to be automatically determined and stored as an operator rotates a marine propulsion device relative to a marine vessel with a particular indication present. That indication can be a grounded circuit point which informs a microprocessor that at calibration procedure is occurring in relation to an upward trim limit. When the ground wire is removed or disconnected from the circuit point, the microprocessor knows that the calibration process is complete. During the rotation of the outboard motor or marine propulsion device in an upward direction, both the angular position of the outboard motor and the direction of change of a signal from a trim sensor are stored.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,416,456, incorporated by reference herein, discloses an automatic trim control system changes the trim angle of a marine propulsion device as a function of the speed of the marine vessel relative to the water in which it is operated. The changing of the trim angle occurs between first and second speed magnitudes which operate as minimum and maximum speed thresholds.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,011,982, incorporated by reference herein, discloses a support system for an outboard motor provides a restricted member that is attached to a bottom portion of the outboard motor and a restricting member that is attached to a support structure that is, in turn, attached to a transom of a marine vessel. The restricted member is prevented from moving in a starboard or port direction by a magnitude greater than a preselected magnitude that is defined by a gap between restricting and restricted surfaces that move into contact with each other when forces on the outboard motor cause a lower portion of the outboard motor to move by a magnitude greater than a predefined limit in either the port or starboard directions. Preselected gaps between restricting and restricted surfaces are sized to allow nominal vibration at low operating speeds of the outboard motor while restricting excessive lateral movement during operation at high speed.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,457,820, incorporated by reference herein, discloses a method is provided by controlling the operation of a marine vessel subject to porpoising. The method includes sensing an operational characteristic of the marine vessel which is indicative of porpoising of the marine vessel, and responding to the sensing of the operational characteristic with a response that is representative of the operational characteristic of the marine vessel as being indicative of the porpoising of the marine vessel.
Unpublished U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/873,803, filed Oct. 2, 2015, and assigned to the Applicant of the present application, incorporated by reference herein, discloses systems and methods disclosed herein control position of a trimmable drive unit with respect to a marine vessel. A controller determines a target trim position as a function of vessel or engine speed. An actual trim position is measured and compared to the target trim position. The controller sends a control signal to a trim actuator to trim the drive unit toward the target trim position if the actual trim position is not equal to the target trim position and if at least one of the following is true: a defined dwell time has elapsed since a previous control signal was sent to the trim actuator to trim the drive unit; a given number of previous control signals has not been exceeded in an attempt to achieve the target trim position; and a difference between the target trim position and the actual trim position is outside of a given deadband.
Unpublished U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/003,326, filed Jan. 21, 2016, and assigned to the Applicant of the present application, incorporated by reference herein, discloses a method for controlling a trim system on a marine vessel includes receiving an actual trim position of a trimmable marine device at a controller and determining a trim position error by comparing the actual trim position to a target trim position with the controller. The method also includes determining an acceleration rate of the marine vessel. In response to determining that the trim position error exceeds a first error threshold and the magnitude of the acceleration rate exceeds a given rate threshold, the controller commands the marine device to the target trim position. In response to determining that the trim position error exceeds the first error threshold and the acceleration rate does not exceed the given rate threshold, the controller commands the marine device to a setpoint trim position that is different from the target trim position. An associated system is also disclosed.
Unpublished U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/003,335, filed Jan. 21, 2016, and assigned to the Applicant of the present application, which is incorporated by reference herein, discloses a method for controlling a trim system on a marine vessel includes receiving an actual trim position of a trimmable marine device at a controller and determining a magnitude of a trim position error by comparing the actual trim position to a target trim position with the controller. The method also includes determining a magnitude of an acceleration rate of the marine vessel. The controller determines the activation time of a trim actuator coupled to and rotating the marine device with respect to the marine vessel based on the magnitude of the trim position error and the magnitude of the acceleration rate. The controller then sends a control signal to activate the trim actuator to rotate the marine device toward the target trim position. The method includes discontinuing the control signal once the activation time expires to deactivate the trim actuator. A corresponding system is also disclosed.
SUMMARY
This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In one embodiment, a method of controlling trim position for a propulsion device on a marine vessel includes receiving a running trim position for the propulsion device, receiving at least one of a steering input value or a roll angle of the marine vessel, and determining a magnitude of the steering input value or a magnitude of the roll angle of the marine vessel. The method further includes determining an adjusted trim position based on the magnitude of the steering input value or the magnitude of the roll angle of the marine vessel, and operating a trim actuator based on the adjusted trim position to decrease the trim angle of the propulsion device below the running trim position while the marine vessel is turning.
One embodiment of a system for controlling trim position of a propulsion device on a marine vessel includes a trim actuator configured to adjust the trim position of the propulsion device and a controller configured to control the trim actuator. The controller is further configured to receive a steering input value or a roll angle of the marine vessel, determine a magnitude of the steering input value or a magnitude of the roll angle of the marine vessel, and determine an adjusted trim position for the propulsion device based on the magnitude of the steering input value or the magnitude of the roll angle of the marine vessel. The controller then controls the trim actuator based on the adjusted trim position to decrease the trim angle of the propulsion device below the running trim position while the marine vessel is turning.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present disclosure is described with reference to the following Figures. The same numbers are used throughout the Figures to reference like features and like components.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a marine vessel having a system for controlling trim position of a propulsion device.
FIG. 2 depicts one embodiment of a trimmable propulsion device according to the present disclosure.
FIG. 3 is a schematic depiction of one embodiment of a trim actuator in a system for controlling trim position of a propulsion device.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram depicting another embodiment of a system for controlling trim position of a propulsion device.
FIG. 5 exemplifies a relationship between speed and trim position.
FIG. 6A exemplifies a relationship between steering input or roll angle and trim position at a given speed.
FIG. 6B exemplifies a relationship between magnitude of trim position and speed at a given steering input.
FIG. 7 exemplifies a lookup table that can be used to determine adjusted trim position.
FIG. 8 exemplifies another lookup table that can be used to determine an adjusted trim position.
FIG. 9 exemplifies a lookup table that can be used to determine a multiplier for determining adjusted trim positions.
FIG. 10 depicts one embodiment of a method for controlling trim position of a propulsion device.
FIG. 11 depicts another embodiment of a method for controlling trim position of a propulsion device



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the present description, certain terms have been used for brevity, clarity and understanding. No unnecessary limitations are to be inferred therefrom beyond the requirement of the prior art because such terms are used for descriptive purposes only and are intended to be broadly construed.
The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for controlling a trim actuator on a marine vessel so as to control a relative position of a propulsion device mounted to the transom of a marine vessel. Those skilled in the art of marine vessel propulsion and control are familiar with many different ways in which the trim angle of a propulsion device, such as an outboard motor or stern drive, can be varied to change the handling or fuel efficiency of the vessel. For example, many manual trim control systems are known to those skilled in the art. In typical operation, the operator of a marine vessel can change the trim angle of an associated outboard motor as the velocity of the vessel changes. This is done to maintain an appropriate angle of the vessel with respect to the water as it achieves a planing speed and as it increases its velocity over the water while on plane. The operator inputs a command to change the trim angle for example by using a keypad, button, or similar input device with “trim up” and “trim down” input choices (e.g., see FIG. 4).
The systems of the present disclosure are also capable of carrying out automatic trim (auto-trim) methods, in which the propulsion device is automatically trimmed up or down with respect to its current position, depending on a desired attitude of the marine vessel with respect to vessel speed. Auto-trim systems perform trim operations automatically, as a function of vessel speed, without requiring intervention by the operator of the marine vessel. The automatic change in trim angle of the trimmable propulsion device 10 enhances the operation of the marine vessel as it achieves planing speed and as it further increases its velocity over the water while on plane. For example, trimming the propulsion device 10 can affect a direction of thrust of a propeller with respect to a vessel transom, as well as affect vessel roll and pitch.
FIG. 1 depicts one embodiment of a system 1 for controlling trim position of a propulsion device 10 on the marine vessel 14. While the methods and systems are described herein with respect to a single propulsion device 10, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand in light of this disclosure that the disclosed methods and systems are equally applicable to marine vessels having more propulsion devices. Likewise, though the propulsion device 10 is exemplified in the FIGURES as an outboard motor, a person having ordinary skill in the art will understand in light of this disclosure that the propulsion device may also be a stern drive with a trimmable lower unit. The trim position of the propulsion device 10 is actuated by a trim actuator 16. In one example, the trim actuator is a hydraulic piston-cylinder assembly in fluid communication with a hydraulic pump-motor combination, although the principles of some of the below examples could apply equally to electric linear actuators, pneumatic actuators, or other types of trim devices. The trim actuator may be actuated between an extended position and a retracted position by provision of hydraulic fluid, electrical power, pneumatic fluid, etc. The extension and retraction of the trim actuator can be used to rotate a trimmable propulsion device up and down with respect to a marine vessel to which it is coupled.
During cornering at high speeds, the marine vessel 14 rolls toward the port side 11 or starboard side 12 (depending on the direction of the turn). The propulsion device(s) on the turning marine vessel 14 tends to come out of the water, causing prop venting or blow out. Through experimentation and research in the relevant field, the present inventor has recognized that the problems and issues relating to prop venting in a steep turn can be lessened or prevented by changing the trim of the propulsion device 10, such as by a feed-forward control method that adjusts the trim position of the propulsion device as the vessel turns. The inventor has further recognized that utilization of a feed-forward control system can predict the aggressiveness of a cornering maneuver based on steering position and/or roll angle and prevent blow out, rather than just reacting to it, by making trim adjustments as the vessel turns and before the propeller breaks through the water surface. For example, the trim position may be decreased (or trimmed in, or trimmed down) as the marine vessel 14 rolls into a corner and then increased (or trimmed out, or trimmed up) as the marine vessel 14 rolls out of a corner so that the drive depth, or the depth of the propeller, remains approximately constant with respect to the surface of the water, regardless of the roll angle of the vessel.
The trimming operation of the trim actuator 16 is controlled by controller 38, which is communicatively connected to the trim actuator 16 to control activation thereof. The controller 38 controls trim of the propulsion device 10 by controlling the trim actuator 16, and such control may be provided as described herein based on one or more of engine speed, vessel speed, steering input value (such as steering wheel angle), roll angle, and/or running trim position. In the depicted embodiment, the controller 38 receives engine speed, or engine revolutions per minute (RPM), from the engine control module (ECM) 59 on the propulsion device 10. The controller 38 also receives a vessel speed from vessel speed sensor 56, and receives a roll angle of the marine vessel from the roll sensor 66. The controller 38 also receives a steering input from position sensor 52 on steering input device 54, which in the depicted embodiment is a rotational position sensor 52 detecting the rotational position of steering wheel 54. The rotational position of the steering wheel may be, for example, measured as an angle with respect to a centered position 55, which is the position of the steering wheel 54 associated with a straight ahead steering command. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand in light of the disclosure that the steering input device 54 may be any number of user interface devices operable by a user to provide control inputs to steer the marine vessel, such as a joystick, trackpad, etc., and the position sensor 52 may be any sensor device that senses movement or input on said devices. Alternatively or additionally, the steering input may be provided by an automatic steering control system associated with the marine vessel 14, such as a heading or waypoint control system.
Referring to FIG. 2, the position of a trimmable propulsion device 10 (such as the outboard motor shown herein) with respect to the transom 9 of a marine vessel 14 is controlled by a hydraulic trim actuator 16. The trim actuator 16 includes a hydraulic piston-cylinder assembly 18 connected to a hydraulic pump-motor combination 20. The piston-cylinder assembly 18 has a first end (here, the cylinder end) coupled to the transom 9 of the vessel 14 and a second, opposite end (here, the rod end) coupled to the propulsion device 10, as known to those having ordinary skill in the art. The piston-cylinder assembly 18 operates to rotate the propulsion device 10 about a horizontal trim axis 13 to a trimmed-out position, to a trimmed-in position, or to maintain the propulsion device 10 in any position there between as the pump-motor combination 20 provides hydraulic fluid to the piston-cylinder assembly 18 to move the piston within the cylinder. As mentioned, however, other types of hydro-mechanical or electro-mechanical actuators could be used in other examples.
One example of a hydraulic trim actuator 16 is shown in FIG. 3. The piston-cylinder assembly 18 is shown schematically as having a piston 22 connected to a rod 24 disposed in a cylinder 26. The piston 22 defines a first chamber 28 within the cylinder 26 and a second chamber 30 within the cylinder 26, both of which chambers 28, 30 change in size as the piston 22 moves within the cylinder 26. The pump-motor combination 20 includes a pump-motor 32 connected to a trim-in relay 34 and a trim-out relay 36. In other examples, the trim-in relay 34 and the trim-out relay 36 are a single relay that can turn the pump-motor 32 on or off and can effectuate a trim-in or trim-out movement of the trim actuator 16. The relays 34 and 36 are connected to a controller 38 that controls energizing of solenoids in the relays 34 and 36, which act as switches to couple a power source such as a battery (not shown) to chamber 28 of the piston-cylinder assembly 18, and a second hydraulic line 42 couples the pump-motor 32 to the second chamber 30 of the piston-cylinder assembly 18. As long as the trim-in relay 34 is activated, the pump-motor 32 provides hydraulic fluid through the first hydraulic line 40 to the first chamber 28 of the piston-cylinder assembly 18, thereby pushing the piston 22 downwardly within the cylinder 26 and lowering (trimming in, or trimming down) the propulsion device 10 coupled to the rod 24. As long as the trim-out relay 36 is activated, the pump-motor 32 provides hydraulic fluid through the second hydraulic line 42 to the second chamber 30 of the piston-cylinder assembly 18, thereby pushing the piston 22 upwardly within the cylinder 26 and raising (trimming out, or trimming up) the propulsion device 10 coupled to the rod 24. Hydraulic fluid can be removed from the opposite chamber 28 or 30 of the cylinder 26 into which fluid is not being pumped in either instance, and drained to a tank or circulated through the pump-motor 32.
In this way, the trim actuator 16 can position the propulsion device 10 at different angles with respect to the transom 9. These may be a neutral (level) trim position, in which the propulsion device 10 is in more or less of a vertical position; a trimmed in (trimmed down) position; or a trimmed out (trimmed up) position. A trimmed out position, as shown in FIG. 2, is often used when the marine vessel 14 is on plane and high speeds are required. At high speeds, the trimmed out position causes the bow of the marine vessel 14 to rise out of the water, resulting in better handling and increased fuel efficiency. Thus, many auto-trim algorithms include determining a target running trim position at which to orient the propulsion device 10 with the controller 38 based on speed, such as but not limited to engine speed, vessel speed, a combination of vessel speed and engine speed, or a tradeoff between vessel speed and engine speed depending on additional vessel conditions. Examples of such systems are shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,416,456; and application Ser. Nos. 14/873,803; 15/003,326; 15/003,335, which are incorporated herein by reference.
The controller 38 may define the running trim position by reference to a vertical line V. When the centerline CL of the propulsion device 10 is parallel to the vertical line V, the controller 38 may consider this to be zero trim. Trim position can be quantified as a value P with respect to the vertical line V, which represents the angle or comparative position between the centerline CL of the propulsion device 10 and the vertical line V. This value P can be expressed as an angle, a percentage of a total angle to which the propulsion device 10 can be trimmed, a scalar value, a polar coordinate, or any other appropriate unit. For purposes of the description provided herein below, the angle P will be expressed as a percentage of total allowable trim angle, which can be measured from vertical, from a fully trimmed out position, or from a fully trimmed in position.
FIG. 4 shows a schematic of an embodiment of the system 1 for controlling trim position. In the example shown, the system 1 includes controller 38, which is programmable and includes a processor 46 and a memory 48. The controller 38 can be located anywhere on the marine vessel 14 and/or located remote from the marine vessel 14 and can communicate with various components of the system 1 via wired and/or wireless communication links, as will be explained further herein below. Although FIGS. 1 and 3 show a single controller 38, the system 1 may include more than one controller 38. For example, the system 1 may have a controller 38 located at or near a helm of the marine vessel 14 and can also have one or more controllers located at or near the propulsion device 10. The controller 38 may be a dedicated device, or may be incorporated in and a function of a multi-function control device, such as incorporated into a helm control module (HCM) or other control device and software communicatively connected to the ECM 59. Portions of the method disclosed herein below can be carried out by a single controller or by several separate controllers.
In some examples, the controller 38 may be a computing system that includes a processing system, storage system, software, and input/output (I/O) interfaces for communicating with devices such as those shown in FIG. 4, and described herein. The processing system loads and executes software from the storage system, such as software programmed with a trim control method. When executed by the computing system, trim control software directs the processing system to operate as described herein to execute the trim control method. The computing system may include one or many application modules and one or more processors, which may be communicatively connected. The processing system can comprise a microprocessor (e.g., processor 46) and other circuitry that retrieves and executes software from the storage system. Processing system can be implemented within a single processing device but can also be distributed across multiple processing devices or sub-systems that cooperate in executing program instructions. Non-limiting examples of the processing system include general purpose central processing units, application specific processors, and logic devices.
The storage system (e.g., memory 48) can comprise any storage media readable by the processing system and capable of storing software. The storage system can include volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. The storage system can be implemented as a single storage device or across multiple storage devices or sub-systems. The storage system can further include additional elements, such as a control circuitry capable of communicating with the processing system. Non-limiting examples of storage media include random access memory, read only memory, magnetic discs, optical discs, flash memory, virtual memory, and non-virtual memory, magnetic sets, magnetic tape, magnetic disc storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and that may be accessed by a processing system. The storage media can be a non-transitory or a transitory storage media.
In this example, the controller 38 communicates with one or more components of the system 1 via a communication link 50, which can be a wired or wireless link. The controller 38 is capable of monitoring and controlling one or more operational characteristics of the system 1 and its various subsystems by sending and receiving control signals via the communication link 50. In one example, the communication link 50 is a controller area network (CAN) bus, but other types of links could be used. It should be noted that the extent of connections of the communication link 50 shown herein is for schematic purposes only, and the communication link 50 in fact provides communication between the controller 38 and the sensors, devices, etc. described herein, although not every connection is shown in the drawing for purposes of clarity.
As mentioned, the controller 38 receives inputs from several different sensors and/or input devices aboard or coupled to the marine vessel 14. For example, the controller 38 receives a steering input from a steering position sensor 52 that senses a position or angle of a steering input device, such as a joystick and/or a steering wheel 54. As described above, the steering input may also be provided by an automatic steering control system. The controller 38 may also be provided with an input from a vessel speed sensor 56. The vessel speed sensor 56 may be, for example, pressure-type sensor, such as pitot tube 56a, a paddle wheel type sensor 56b, or any other speed sensor appropriate for sensing the actual speed of the marine vessel. Alternatively or additionally, the vessel speed may instead be determined based on readings from a GPS device 56c, which calculates speed by determining how far the vessel 14 has traveled in a given amount of time. The propulsion device 10 may also be provided with an engine speed sensor 58, such as but not limited to a tachometer, that determines a speed of the engine 60 powering the propulsion device 10 in rotations per minute (RPM). The engine speed can be used along with other measured or known values to approximate a vessel speed (i.e., to calculate a pseudo vessel speed). A trim position sensor 62 may also be provided for sensing an actual position of the trim actuator 16, for example, by measuring a relative position between two parts associated with the trim actuator 16. The trim position sensor 62 may be any type of sensor known to those having ordinary skill in the art, for example a Hall effect sensor or a potentiometer, such as examples provided and described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,322,404 incorporated herein by reference. The controller 38 may also receive inputs from a roll sensor 66 that senses a roll position, such as an angle with respect to horizontal. For example, the roll sensor 66 may comprise a gyroscope, such as a three-axis gyroscope, to detect orientation information that may be used to determine the roll angle of the marine vessel 14. In other embodiments, the roll sensor 66 may be a magnetometer, or may include any other type of position or inertial measurement unit, such as a combination accelerometer and/or gyroscope with a magnetometer.
Other inputs to the system 1 can come from operator input devices such as a throttle lever 68, a keypad 70, and a touchscreen 64. The throttle lever 68 allows the operator of the marine vessel to choose to operate the vessel in neutral, forward, or reverse, as is known. The keypad 70 can be used to initiate or exit any number of control or operation modes (such as auto-trim mode), or to make selections while operating within one of the selected modes. In one example, the keypad 70 comprises an interface having a “trim up” button 70a, a “trim down” button 70b, and an “auto-trim on/resume” button 70c, which can be utilized by a user to control the running trim position of the propulsion device 10. For example, the trim buttons 70a and 70b may provide user input to control the propulsion device to the same running trim position. The touchscreen 64 can also be used to initiate or exit any number of control or operation modes (such as trim up, trim down, or auto-trim mode), and in that case the inputs can be buttons in the traditional sense or selectable screen icons. The touchscreen 64 can also display information about the system 1 to the operator of the vessel 14, such as engine speed, vessel speed, trim angle, trim operating mode, vessel acceleration rate, etc. Additionally, the touchscreen 64 may replace the keypad 70, providing the trim buttons 70a-70b. 
As described above, the present inventor has recognized trim of the propulsion device 10 on a marine vessel can be automatically controlled to discreetly control the propulsion device 10 to different trim angles during cornering at high speeds in order to avoid prop venting by the propulsion device 10. Namely, the propulsion device 10 can be trimmed in (or trimmed down, or trim decreased) from the running trim position in order to keep the propeller underneath the surface of the water.
FIG. 5 depicts a graphical representation showing the relationship between running trim position and speed, which may be engine RPM or vessel speed, which is applied when the marine vessel 14 is traveling in the straight ahead direction. The graph of FIG. 5 provides an example of how trim may be automatically controlled by an auto-trim system with respect to speed; however, a person having ordinary skill in the art will also understand in light of this disclosure that the method disclosed herein of controlling trim during cornering maneuver may also be applied in situations where the propulsion device 10 is controlled manually to a running trim position (such as via trim buttons 70a and 70b). As used herein, the running trim position refers generally to the current instructed or target trim position for the propulsion device 10 on a marine vessel based on the current running condition of the propulsion device and/or based on user input. Thus, the running trim position may be automatically controlled and instructed by an auto-trim system based on speed (vessel speed and/or engine RPM) or may be manually controlled by a user. The running trim position may further be a stored value, such as from the auto-trim system and/or a user control setting, or it may be a measured value, such as from the trim position sensor 62 associated with the trim actuator 16.
As described above, the running trim position of the propulsion device is generally increased as the vessel speed increases and the propulsion device 10 is generally trimmed out (applying positive trim) at high speeds when the marine vessel is on plane. As depicted in FIG. 5, the running trim position 72 generally increases as speed increases. In the depicted example, the running trim position 72 is the value on the trim position curve 71 at the current speed 77. In the depicted relationship the running trim increases generally proportionally with the speed between the lower speed threshold 76 and the upper speed threshold 78. The propulsion device 10 is movable to a maximum positive trim position 74 (or maximum trim out position). In the graph, zero trim represents the vertical position when the propulsion device 10 is in line with vertical line V (FIG. 2). Negative trim positions, or trim in positions, are represented below the zero point on the trim position axis. In the depicted embodiment, the propulsion device 10 is maintained in a trimmed in position until the vessel reaches a lower speed threshold, which may be at or near the planing speed. Below the lower speed threshold 76, the trim position is maintained at a constant value. Likewise, above an upper speed threshold 78 the trim is also maintained at a constant value. This avoids making trim adjustments at speed below the planing speed and at very high speeds. Avoiding adjustment at very high speeds may be desirable in certain embodiments because adjusting trim at very high speeds may introduce unwanted instability for certain marine vessels 14. Accordingly, running trim position is only adjusted within an operating range OR between a lower speed threshold 76 and an upper speed threshold 78. In that range, the running trim position is determined based on the current speed 77 and the relationship is depicted by the trim position curve 71. The relationship between speed and running trim position may be linear or curvilinear, and may vary, for example, based on vessel configuration.
FIG. 6A provides a graph exemplifying a possible relationship between magnitude of the steering input value (exemplified as steering angle) and trim position at a given speed, such as a planing speed (speed where the vessel is on plane) or a speed above the lower speed threshold 76. In a given system 1, the relationship between steering input and trim position may vary at different speeds, and thus the graph may look different at different speeds. The y-axis represents trim, with the running trim position 72 providing a center point, or axis, around which the trim position of propulsion device 10 is adjusted with respect to the steering angle magnitude, represented on the x-axis.
Generally, the trim position of the propulsion device 10 is reduced (trimmed in) while the marine vessel 14 is turning, and the trim reduction is applied equally in either turn direction (i.e., toward the port side 11 or starboard side 12). In the depicted embodiment, the trim position remains at the running trim position 72 value until the magnitude of the steering input, which in this case is steering angle of steering wheel 54, reaches a threshold steering angle 81. Once the steering wheel 54 is moved past that threshold steering angle 81 the trim position of the propulsion device 10 is adjusted as depicted. For instance, the magnitude of the trim adjustment amount (i.e., subtracted from the running trim angle 72) increases as the steering wheel 54 is turned away from the centered position 55 (i.e. as the magnitude of the steering angle increases) towards a maximum steering angle 85, which in this example is the steering end stop. Likewise, as the steering wheel 54 is turned back towards the centered position 55, the trim position is returned to the running trim angle 72. This relationship also holds true in an embodiment controlled based on roll angle, where the trim is likewise reduced by an increasing amount as the roll angle of the marine vessel 14 increases.
The adjusted trim position 88 may be adjusted during a turn to account for changes in speed, vessel speed or engine speed. If vessel speed does decrease during the course of a turn (e.g. because of a user reducing the throttle demand) the running trim position 72 will decrease, such as along the exemplary curve of FIG. 5, and the adjusted trim position 88 can be changed accordingly to account for the new running trim position 72. Vessel speed can be accounted for directly in the determination of adjusted trim position, or indirectly by basing it on running trim position 72.
FIG. 6B provides another graph describing an exemplary relationship between the magnitude of trim adjustment (e.g., the difference between the running trim angle and the adjusted trim position) and speed for a particular steering input value or roll angle. The depicted trim adjustment is applied to reduce the running trim position. In the example, the magnitude of the trim adjustment is zero below the lower speed threshold 76, increases to a maximum, then decreases as it approaches the upper speed threshold 78, and is zero above the upper speed threshold 78. Accordingly, trim adjustments are only made in the operating range (OR) between the lower speed threshold 76 and the upper speed threshold 78. While the depicted example avoids trim adjustments above the upper speed threshold 78, in other embodiments where such instability at the vessel's maximum speeds is not an issue, the curve may be shaped to provide the maximum trim adjustment magnitude at the high speed values. The depicted parabolic relationship between speed and trim adjustment magnitude is merely exemplary, and in other embodiments the relationship may be linear or curvilinear, and may vary, for example, based on vessel configuration. Likewise, the curve may look different for different running trim positions.
In one embodiment, the trim adjustment amount between the running trim position 72 and the adjusted trim position is calibrated based on the vessel configuration, such as to account for the hull configuration of the marine vessel 14 and the positioning of the propulsion devise 10 thereon. For instance, the adjusted trim position 88 may be determined for the propulsion device 10 by accessing a lookup table based on one or more of the steering input value, the roll angle, the vessel speed, the engine RPM, and the running trim position, where the values in the lookup table are calibrated for the particular marine vessel 14 configuration.
FIG. 7 depicts one exemplary lookup table 91 providing adjusted trim positions 88 for the propulsion device 10 based on magnitude of the steering input value or roll angle and the speed, which could be the vessel speed or the engine speed. The values associated with the zero steering angle will be equal to the running trim position 72 at that speed. Adjusted trim positions 88 (e.g. one for each propulsion device 10 on the marine vessel 14) are provided in the lookup table 91 for steering input values or roll angle increments. The trim actuator 16 is then operated to move the associated propulsion device 10 towards its respective adjusted trim position 88.
FIG. 8 depicts one exemplary embodiment, where a lookup table 91 contains trim adjustment values 93 based on running trim position and steering input or roll angle. The trim adjustment values 93 may be any values upon which the adjusted trim positions 88 for the propulsion device 10 can be determined. For example, the trim adjustment values 93 may include trim adjustment amounts for the propulsion device 10, which could then be subtracted from the running trim position 72. Alternatively, the trim adjustment values 93 may be the actual adjusted trim positions 88, where no further calculation is necessary. In the depicted example, the lookup table 91 contains trim adjustment values 93 for steering input magnitude. In other embodiments, the lookup table 91 may be based on steering input magnitude or roll angle magnitude, and additional logic may be applied to determine whether the trim adjustment values 93 should be applied to trim in the propulsion device.
In embodiments where the auto trim feature is in effect, and thus the running trim position 72 is determined based on speed (e.g., engine RPM or vessel speed), the running trim position value on the lookup table 91 will account for speed for purposes of determining the adjusted trim position. In embodiments where the running trim position 72 is set by a user, and thus may not correlate to speed with the desired accuracy, it may be desirable to apply a multiplier to the trim adjustment values 93 to ensure that trim adjustments are not applied outside of the operating range, or at least above the upper speed threshold 78. FIG. 9 depicts an exemplary one-dimensional lookup table 95 containing multiplier values X based on speed (e.g., engine RPM or vessel speed). Such a multiplier may account for the operating range OR of speeds discussed with respect to FIG. 5, and thus may operate to ensure that the trim position is not adjusted at speeds below a lower speed threshold 76 or above an upper speed threshold 78, and may also taper the speed adjustment (e.g., as exemplified in FIG. 6B). Similarly, such a multiplier table could be used in conjunction with one dimensional table providing a trim adjustment values based on steering input value or roll angle.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart depicting one embodiment of a method 100 of controlling trim position. The running trim position is received at step 102. As discussed above, the running trim position indicates the current trim position setting, which may be automatically controlled and set based on current conditions, such as speed, or may be a user set trim position. The running trim position may be the current value of a variable stored by an auto-trim control process, such as a value stored in memory 48 and retrievable by the processor 46. Alternatively, the running trim position may be received from the trim position sensor 62, reflecting the actual measured current trim position of the propulsion device 10. At step 104, the steering input and/or roll angle are received, such as from the steering position sensor 52 or the roll sensor 66. An adjusted trim position is determined for the propulsion device 10 is then determined based at least on the steering input value or the roll angle of the marine vessel at step 110. For example, the adjusted trim position may be determined via one or more of the lookup tables exemplified in FIGS. 7-9 and correspondingly described. The trim position of the propulsion device 10 is then reduced toward its respective adjusted trim position at step 112, such as by sending control signals to the trim actuators 16 to operate accordingly.
The method 100 of controlling trim position may be executed, for example, by the controller 38 executing software stored in memory 48 on processor 46. Alternatively or additionally, portions of the method may be executed by other control devices or modules, such as by a helm control module (HCM) for the marine vessel 14 and/or by the respective ECMs 59 for the propulsion device 10.
FIG. 11 depicts another exemplary embodiment of a method 100 for controlling trim position. The running trim position is received at step 102, and steering input and/or roll angle are received at step 104 as described above. At step 105, the current speed is received. At step 107, the steering input and/or roll angle received at step 104 are compared to a threshold for that value type, where the threshold is identified based on the vessel speed received at step 105. Thus, the threshold for determining whether trim adjustment should be made is variable based on vessel speed. For example, the threshold for making trim adjustments may decrease as vessel speed increases, thereby increasing the trim reactiveness to turning maneuvers as vessel speed increases. In reference to embodiments disclosed and described herein, the vessel speed may be received, for example, from any one or more of the exemplary vessel speed sensors 56 described herein, including the pitot tube sensor 56a, paddle wheel sensor 56b, or GPS system 56c. Alternatively or additionally, steps 105 and 107 may be based on engine speed, such as from an engine speed sensor 58 on the propulsion device 10. For example, the engine speed may be tracked by and received from each respective ECM 59. If the steering input and/or roll angle do not exceed the threshold then the method returns to step 102, continually monitoring the steering input and/or roll angle and comparing it to thresholds based on speed. In certain embodiments, the steering input and/or roll angle inputs may be filtered to prevent excessive trim cycling based on minor and momentary steering or roll changes.
Once the threshold is exceeded at step 107, the trim adjustment value is determined based on the steering input and/or roll angle at step 108. For example, the trim adjustment value may be determined utilizing a lookup table comparing trim position and steering input or roll angle, such as a one dimensional lookup table or a two dimensional lookup table based on running trim angle such as that exemplified and described above in FIG. 8. For example, the lookup table may be a one dimensional lookup table providing trim angle adjustment amounts based one speed. In embodiments where the trim angle adjustment is pegged to running trim position but the running trim position is set by a user (rather than automatically determined based on speed) and thus may not be tied directly or exactly to the vessel speed or engine speed, the system 1 may execute step 109 to determine a multiplier based on the vessel speed (or engine speed), thus ensuring that the trim adjustment is not inappropriate for the current vessel speed. As described elsewhere herein, significant trim adjustments at high speeds may have potential for creating instability for the marine vessel 14, and thus significant trim adjustments may be avoided by including a multiplier that is less than one, or even equal to zero to reduce or eliminate trim adjustment at high speeds. As exemplified above with respect to FIG. 9, the multiplier may be determined by accessing a one-dimensional lookup table 95 correlating multiplier X values to speed increments, where trim adjustments at high speed values may have multiplier values X that approach or are equal to zero. For example, the multiplier X may be zero below the lower speed threshold 76 and/or above the upper speed threshold 78. Likewise, the multiplier X value may be significantly less than 1 and decrease as it approaches the lower speed threshold 76 and/or the upper speed threshold 78. The adjusted trim position for the propulsion device 10 is determined at step 110, such as by multiplying the trim adjustment value determined at step 108 by the multiplier determined at step 109. The adjusted trim position is then compared to the running trim position at step 111 to make sure that the adjusted trim position is less than (or a more trimmed in position) than the running trim position. If so, the actuator 16 is then controlled to move the propulsion device 10 towards its adjusted trim position at step 112.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. Certain terms have been used for brevity, clarity and understanding. No unnecessary limitations are to be inferred therefrom beyond the requirement of the prior art because such terms are used for descriptive purposes only and are intended to be broadly construed. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have features or structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent features or structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.

## Claims

1. A method of controlling trim position of a propulsion device on a marine vessel, the method comprising:
receiving a running trim position for the propulsion device;
receiving at least one of a steering input value or a roll angle of the marine vessel;
determining a magnitude of the steering input value or a magnitude of the roll angle of the marine vessel;
determining an adjusted trim position based on the magnitude of the steering input value or the magnitude of the roll angle of the marine vessel such that the adjusted trim position is determined when the steering input value is greater than a threshold steering input or the magnitude of the roll angle is greater than a threshold roll angle; and
operating a trim actuator based on the adjusted trim position to decrease the trim angle of the propulsion device below the running trim position while the marine vessel is turning.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising incrementally decreasing the trim angle as the magnitude of the steering input value or the magnitude of the roll angle increases.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising incrementally increasing trim angle as the magnitude of the steering input value or the magnitude of the roll angle decreases such that the propulsion device is at the running trim position upon completion of the turning.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the steering input value is an angular position of a steering wheel with respect to a centered position.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining that the magnitude of the steering input value is greater than the threshold steering input or the magnitude of the roll angle is greater than the threshold roll angle, and then determining the adjusted trim position.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the running trim position is determined by a controller based on a vessel speed and/or an engine speed.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the adjusted trim position includes accessing a lookup table of adjusted trim positions based on either the steering input value or the roll angle and the running trim position.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the running trim position is determined based on input from a trim position sensor.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the running trim position is set by a user.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the adjusted trim position includes accessing a lookup table based on either the steering input value or the roll angle and on either a vessel speed or an engine speed.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the lookup table is configured to minimize the difference between the running trim position and the adjusted trim position when the vessel speed or the engine speed is less than a lower speed threshold or greater than an upper speed threshold.

12. A system for controlling trim position of a propulsion device on a marine vessel, the system comprising:
a trim actuator configured to adjust a trim position of the propulsion device;
a controller configured to:
receive a steering input value or a roll angle of the marine vessel;
determine a magnitude of the steering input value or a magnitude of the roll angle of the marine vessel;
determine an adjusted trim position for the propulsion device based on the magnitude of the steering input value or the magnitude of the roll angle of the marine vessel such that the adjusted trim position is determined when the steering input value is greater than a threshold steering input or the magnitude of the roll angle is greater than a threshold roll angle; and
control the trim actuator based on the adjusted trim position to decrease the trim angle of the propulsion device below the running trim position while the marine vessel is turning.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller receives the steering input value, wherein the steering input value is an angular position of a steering wheel with respect to a centered position measured by a steering position sensor.

14. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller receives the roll angle, wherein the roll angle is an angular position of the marine vessel with respect to horizontal measured by a roll angle sensor.

15. The system of claim 12, wherein the trim angle is incrementally decreased as the magnitude of the steering input value or the magnitude of the roll angle increases.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the trim angle is incrementally increased as the magnitude of the steering input value or the magnitude of the roll angle decreases such that the propulsion device is at the running trim position upon completion of the turning.

17. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller further determines that the magnitude of the steering input value is greater than the threshold steering input or the magnitude of the roll angle is greater than the threshold roll angle before determining the adjusted trim position.

18. The system of claim 12, further comprising a lookup table accessible by the controller for determining the adjusted trim position, the lookup table listing trim adjustment values based on either the steering input value or the roll angle and the running trim position.

19. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller is further configured to receive an engine speed and/or a vessel speed and determine the running trim position based on the vessel speed and/or the engine speed.

20. The system of claim 19, further comprising a lookup table accessible by the controller for determining the adjusted trim position, the lookup table listing trim adjustment values based on either the steering input value or the roll angle and on either the vessel speed or the engine speed.