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                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Sustainable Biofuels and Co-products Research: Wyndmoor, PA
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ARS Home Northeast Area Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania Eastern Regional Research Center Sustainable Biofuels and Co-products Research People & Locations







Charles A Mullen

                                                                (PhD)
                        Sustainable Biofuels and Co-products Research

                        




                        
                        Research Leader
                        Phone: (215) 836-6916
                        
                        
                        Fax: (215) 233-6406(Employee information on this page comes from the REE Directory. Please contact your front office staff to update the REE Directory.)
                            ProjectsThermo-Catalytic Biorefining
                                                    In-House Appropriated
                                                                    (D)Accession Number: 439258Remediation and Conversion of Apple Snail Waste via Pyrolysis
                                                    Interagency Reimbursable Agreement
                                                                    (I)Accession Number: 445278**Publications**
                                                (Clicking on the reprint icon
                                                    Reprint Icon
                                                    will take you to the publication reprint.)Production of N–Mg doped biochars for phosphate adsorption from
renewable sources
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mainali, K., Mood, S.H., Mullen, C.A., Sarker, M.I., Garcia-Perez, M. 2024. Production of N–Mg doped biochars for phosphate adsorption from renewable sources. Biomass and Bioenergy. 185:107221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107221.Antibacterial agents from waste grease: arylation of brown grease fatty acids with beechwood creosote and derivatization
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Kazem Rostami, M., Ryu, V.N., Wagner, K., Jones, K.C., Mullen, C.A., Wyatt, V.T., Wu, C., Ashby, R.D., Fan, X., Lew, H.N. 2023. Antibacterial agents from waste grease: arylation of brown grease fatty acids with beechwood creosote and derivatization. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c05767.Statistical optimization to improve N and C efficiency in biochar from model systems
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mainali, K., Sarker, M.I., Mullen, C.A., Jimenez, V.S., Garcia-Perez, M. 2023. Statistical optimization to improve N and C efficiency in biochar from model systems. Bioresource Technology Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2023.101646.Thermochemical behavior of alkali pretreated biomass – a thermogravimetric and Py-GC/FID study
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Ellison, C.R., Garcia-Perez, M., Mullen, C.A., Yadav, M.P. 2023. Thermochemical behavior of alkali pretreated biomass – a thermogravimetric and Py-GC/FID study. Sustainable Energy and Fuels. 7:3306-3315. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3se00213f.Pyrolytic conversion of cellulosic pulps from “lignin-first” biomass fractionation
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Ellison, C.R., Elkasabi, Y.M. 2023. Pyrolytic conversion of cellulosic pulps from “lignin-first” biomass fractionation. Energies. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073236.Spinning band distillation of biomass pyrolysis-oil phenolics to produce pure phenol
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Elkasabi, Y.M., Jones, K.C., Mullen, C.A., Strahan, G.D., Wyatt, V.T. 2023. Spinning band distillation of biomass pyrolysis-oil phenolics to produce pure phenol. Separation and Purification Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123603.Online separation of biomass fast pyrolysis liquids via fractional condensation
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Raymundo, L.D., Mullen, C.A., Elkasabi, Y.M., Strahan, G.D., Boateng, A.A., Trierweiler, L.F., Trierweiler, J.O. 2022. Online separation of biomass fast pyrolysis liquids via fractional condensation. Energy and Fuels. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c02624.Thermochemical and catalytic conversion of lignin
                                                        

- (Book / Chapter)Mullen, C.A. 2022. Thermochemical and catalytic conversion of lignin. In: Nghiem, N.P., Kim, T.H., Yoo, C.G., editors. Biomass Utilization: Conversion Strategies. New York, NY: Springer. p. 133-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05835-6_7.A comparison of the solvent liquefaction of lignin in ethanol and 1,4-butanediol
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Strahan, G.D., Elkasabi, Y.M. 2022. A comparison of the solvent liquefaction of lignin in ethanol and 1,4-butanediol. Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis. 164:105522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2022.105522.Biobased tar pitch produced from biomass pyrolysis oils
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Elkasabi, Y.M., Mullen, C.A., Strahan, G.D., Wyatt, V.T. 2022. Biobased tar pitch produced from biomass pyrolysis oils. Fuel. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123300.Application of diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy to the characterization of sweet sorghum bagasse lignin isolated after low moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA) pretreatment
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Strahan, G.D., Mullen, C.A., Stoklosa, R.J. 2022. Application of diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy to the characterization of sweet sorghum bagasse lignin isolated after low moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA) pretreatment. BioEnergy Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-021-10385-y.Progress on biobased industrial carbons as thermochemical biorefinery coproducts
                                                        

- (Review Article)Elkasabi, Y.M., Mullen, C.A. 2021. Progress on biobased industrial carbons as thermochemical biorefinery coproducts. Review Article. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00182?rel=cite-as&ref=PDF&jav=VoR.Fast pyrolysis of lignin pre-treated with magnesium formate and magnesium hydroxide

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Patel, M., Mullen, C.A., Gunukula, S., Desisto, W.J. 2020. Fast pyrolysis of lignin pre-treated with magnesium formate and magnesium hydroxide. Energies. 13:4995.Identification of unique aldehyde dimers in sorghum wax recovered after fermentation in a commercial fuel ethanol plant
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Nunez, A., Moreau, R.A., Sharma, M.E., Mullen, C.A., Powell, M.J., Jones, K.C., Harron, A.F., Cafmeyer, J.T. 2020. Identification of unique aldehyde dimers in sorghum wax recovered after fermentation in a commercial fuel ethanol plant. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12424.Environmental, exergetic and economic tradeoffs for catalytic and fast pyrolysis-to-renewable diesel
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Spatari, S., Larnaudie, V., Mannoh, I., Wheller, M.C., Macken, N.M., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2020. Environmental, exergetic and economic tradeoffs for catalytic and fast pyrolysis-to-renewable diesel. Renewable Energy. 162:371-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.08.042.Production of partially deoxygenated pyrolysis oil from switchgrass via Ca(OH)2, CaO and Ca(COOH)2 co-feeding
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Raymundo, L.M., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Desisto, W.J., Trierweiler, J.O. 2020. Production of partially deoxygenated pyrolysis oil from switchgrass via Ca(OH)2, CaO and Ca(COOH)2 co-feeding. Energy and Fuels. 34:12616-12625. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c01784.Pyrolysis GC/MS analysis of improved guayule genotypes
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Luo, Z., Mullen, C.A., Abdel-Haleem, H.A. 2020. Pyrolysis GC/MS analysis of improved guayule genotypes. Industrial Crops and Products. 155. Article 112810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112810.Biocidal activity of fast pyroloysis biochar against E.coli 0157:H7 in soil varies based on production temperature or age of biochar

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Gurtler, J., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Masek, O., Camp, M.J. 2020. Biocidal activity of fast pyroloysis biochar against E.coli 0157:H7 in soil varies based on production temperature or age of biochar. Journal of Food Protection. 83:1020-1029.Continuous extraction of phenol and cresols from advanced pyrolysis oils
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Elkasabi, Y.M., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2020. Continuous extraction of phenol and cresols from advanced pyrolysis oils. Springer Nature Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2134-4.Hydrocarbons extracted from advanced pyrolysis bio-oils: characterization and refining
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Elkasabi, Y.M., Wyatt, V.T., Jones, K.C., Strahan, G.D., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2020. Hydrocarbons extracted from advanced pyrolysis bio-oils: characterization and refining. Energy and Fuels. 34(1):483-490. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b03189.Characterization of biomass pyrolysis oils by diffusion ordered nmr spectroscopy
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Strahan, G.D., Boateng, A.A. 2019. Characterization of biomass pyrolysis oils by diffusion ordered nmr spectroscopy. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 7:19951-19960. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05520.Influence of upstream, distributed biomass-densifying technologies on the economics of biofuel production
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Gunukula, S., Daigneault, A., Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A., DeSisto, W.J., Wheeler, M.C. 2019. Influence of upstream, distributed biomass-densifying technologies on the economics of biofuel production. Fuel. 249:326-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.079.Deoxygenation of biomass pyrolysis vapors via in situ and ex situ thermal and biochar promoted upgrading
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Raymundo, L.M., Mullen, C.A., Strahan, G.D., Boateng, A.A., Trierweller, J.O. 2019. Deoxygenation of biomass pyrolysis vapors via in situ and ex situ thermal and biochar promoted upgrading. Energy and Fuels. 33:2197-2207. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b03281.Mild hydrotreating of bio-oils with varying oxygen content produced via catalytic fast pyrolysis
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2019. Mild hydrotreating of bio-oils with varying oxygen content produced via catalytic fast pyrolysis. Fuel. 245:360-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.02.027.Flash distillation of bio-oils for simultaneous production of hydrocarbons and green coke
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Elkasabi, Y.M., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Brown, A., Timko, M.T. 2019. Flash distillation of bio-oils for simultaneous production of hydrocarbons and green coke. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 58:1794-1802. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04556.Mobile demonstration unit for fast- and catalytic pyrolysis: the combustion reduction integrated pyrolysis system (CRIPS)
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Boateng, A.A., Schaffer, M.A., Mullen, C.A., Goldberg, N.M. 2019. Mobile demonstration unit for fast- and catalytic pyrolysis: the combustion reduction integrated pyrolysis system (CRIPS). Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis. 137:185-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.024.Co-cracking of bio-oil distillate bottoms with vacuum gas oil for enhanced production of light compounds

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Choi, Y., Elkasabi, Y.M., Tarves, P.C., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2018. Co-cracking of bio-oil distillate bottoms with vacuum gas oil for enhanced production of light compounds. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 132:65-71.Fluidized bed catalytic pyrolysis of eucalyptus over hzsm-5: effect of acid density and gallium modification on catalyst deactivation

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Tarves, P.C., Raymundo, L.M., Schultz, E.L., Boateng, A.A., Trierweller, J.O. 2018. Fluidized bed catalytic pyrolysis of eucalyptus over hzsm-5: effect of acid density and gallium modification on catalyst deactivation. Energy and Fuels. 32:1771-1778.Catalytic co-pyrolysis of switchgrass and polyethylene over HZSM-5:  catalyst deactivation and coke formation
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Dorado, C., Boateng, A.A. 2018. Catalytic co-pyrolysis of switchgrass and polyethylene over HZSM-5:  catalyst deactivation and coke formation. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 129:195-203.Techno-economic analysis of guayule (parthenium argentatum) pyrolysis biorefining:  production of biofuels from guayule bagasse via tail-gas reactive pyrolysis
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Sabaini, P.S., Boateng, A.A., Schaffer, M.A., Mullen, C.A., Elkasabi, Y.M., McMahan, C.M., Macken, N. 2018. Techno-economic analysis of guayule (parthenium argentatum) pyrolysis biorefining:  production of biofuels from guayule bagasse via tail-gas reactive pyrolysis. Industrial Crops and Products. 112:82-89.Effects of hot water extraction pretreatment on pyrolysis of shrub willow
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Tarves, P.C., Serapiglia, M., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Volk, T.A. 2017. Effects of hot water extraction pretreatment on pyrolysis of shrub willow. Biomass and Bioenergy. 107:299-304.Fuels and chemicals from equine-waste-derived tail gas reactive pyrolysis oil:  technoeconomic analysis, environmental and exergetic life cycle assessment
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Sorunmu, Y., Billen, P., Elkasabi, Y.M., Mullen, C.A., Macken, N., Boateng, A.A., Spatari, S. 2017. Fuels and chemicals from equine-waste-derived tail gas reactive pyrolysis oil:  technoeconomic analysis, environmental and exergetic life cycle assessment. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 5:8804-8814.Effluent gas flux characterization during pyrolysis of chicken manure
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Clark, S.C., Ryals, R.A., Miller, D., Mullen, C.A., Pan, D., Zondlo, M.A., Boateng, A.A., Hastings, M.G. 2017. Effluent gas flux characterization during pyrolysis of chicken manure. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 5:7568-7575.Catalytic cracking of fast and tail gas reactive pyrolysis bio-oils over HZSM-5

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Choi, Y., Elkasabi, Y.M., Tarves, P.C., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2017. Catalytic cracking of fast and tail gas reactive pyrolysis bio-oils over HZSM-5. Fuel Processing Technology. 161:132-138.Role of potassium exchange in catalytic pyrolysis of biomass over ZSM-5:  Formation of alkyl phenols and furans

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Tarves, P.C., Boateng, A.A. 2017. Role of potassium exchange in catalytic pyrolysis of biomass over ZSM-5:  Formation of alkyl phenols and furans. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 5:2154-2162.Impact of harvest time and cultivar on conversion of switchgrass to bio-oils via fast pyrolysis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Serapiglia, M., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Dien, B.S., Casler, M.D. 2017. Impact of harvest time and cultivar on conversion of switchgrass to bio-oils via fast pyrolysis. BioEnergy Research. 10:388-399.Pyrolysis of forest residues: an approach to techno-economics for bio-fuel production
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Carrasco, J.L., Gunukula, S., Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A., Desisto, W.J., Wheeler, C.M. 2017. Pyrolysis of forest residues: an approach to techno-economics for bio-fuel production. Fuel. 193:477-484.Depolymerization of lignin via co-pyrolysis with 1,4-butanediol in a microwave reactor
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Tarves, P.C., Mullen, C.A., Strahan, G.D., Boateng, A.A. 2016. Depolymerization of lignin via co-pyrolysis with 1,4-butanediol in a microwave reactor. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 5:  988-994.Effects of hot-water extraction on the thermochemical conversion of shrub willow via fast pyrolysis

- (Abstract Only)Aromatic hydrocarbon production via eucalyptus urophylla pyrolysis over several metal modified ZSM-5 catalysts – an analysis by py-GC/MS
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Schultz, E.L., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2017. Aromatic hydrocarbon production via eucalyptus urophylla pyrolysis over several metal modified ZSM-5 catalysts – an analysis by py-GC/MS. Energy Technology. 5:196-204.Stable bio-oil production from proteinaceous cyanobacteria: tail gas reactive pyrolysis of spirulina
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Chagas, B.M., Mullen, C.A., Dorado, C., Elkasabi, Y.M., Boateng, A.A., Melo, M.A., Ataide, C.H. 2016. Stable bio-oil production from proteinaceous cyanobacteria: tail gas reactive pyrolysis of spirulina. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 55:6734-6741.Impact of harvest time and switchgrass cultivar on conversion to sugars and pyrolysis oils using biochemical and thermochemical routes

- (Abstract Only)Hydrocarbons from spirulina pyrolysis bio-oil using one-step hydrotreating and aqueous extraction of heteroatom compounds
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Elkasabi, Y.M., Chagas, B.M., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2016. Hydrocarbons from spirulina pyrolysis bio-oil using one-step hydrotreating and aqueous extraction of heteroatom compounds. Energy and Fuels. 30:4925-4932.Pyrolysis oil combustion in a horizontal box furnace with an externally mixed nozzle
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Lujaji, F.C., Boateng, A.A., Schaffer, M.A., Mullen, C.A., Mtui, P.L., Mkilaha, I.S. 2016. Pyrolysis oil combustion in a horizontal box furnace with an externally mixed nozzle. Energy and Fuels. 30:4126-4136.Mechanism of dehydration of phenols on nobel metals using first-principles micokinetic modeling
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Gu, G., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Vlachos, D.G. 2016. Mechanism of dehydration of phenols on nobel metals using first-principles micokinetic modeling. American Chemical Society (ACS) Catalysis. 6:3047-3055.Catalytic pyrolysis-gc/ms of spirulina: evaluation of a highly proteinaceous biomass source for production of fuels and chemicals
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Chagas, B.M., Dorado, C., Serapiglia, M., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Melo, M.A., Ataide, C.H. 2016. Catalytic pyrolysis-gc/ms of spirulina: evaluation of a highly proteinaceous biomass source for production of fuels and chemicals. Fuel. 179:124-134.Effects of various reactive gas atmospheres on the properties of bio-oil using microwave pyrolysis
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Tarves, P.C., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2016. Effects of various reactive gas atmospheres on the properties of bio-oil using microwave pyrolysis. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 4:930-936.Prediction of properties and elemental composition of biomass pyrolysis oils by NMR and partial least squares analysis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Strahan, G.D., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2016. Prediction of properties and elemental composition of biomass pyrolysis oils by NMR and partial least squares analysis. Energy and Fuels. 30:423-433.Structural analysis of pyrolytic lignins isolated from switchgrass fast pyrolysis oil

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Fortin, M., Beromi, M.M., Lai, A., Tarves, P.C., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., West, N.M. 2015. Structural analysis of pyrolytic lignins isolated from switchgrass fast pyrolysis oil. Energy and Fuels. 29:8017-8026.Aqueous extractive upgrading of bio-oils created by tail-gas reactive pyrolysis to produce pure hydrocarbons and phenols
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Elkasabi, Y.M., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2015. Aqueous extractive upgrading of pyrolysis bio-oils to produce pure hydrocarbons and phenols in high yields. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 3(11):2809-2816.Guayule (parthenium argentatum) pyrolysis biorefining: fuels and chemicals contributed from guayule leaves via tail gas reactive pyrolysis
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Boateng, A.A., Elkasabi, Y.M., Mullen, C.A. 2016. Guayule (parthenium argentatum) pyrolysis biorefining: fuels and chemicals contributed from guayule leaves via tail gas reactive pyrolysis. Fuel. 163:240-247.Co-processing of agricultural plastic waste and switchgrass via tail gas reactive pyrolysis
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Dorado, C., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2015. Co-processing of agricultural plastic waste and switchgrass via tail gas reactive pyrolysis. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 54:9887-9893.Guayule (parthenium argentatum) pyrolysis biorefining:  production of hydrocarbon compatible bio-oils from guayule bagasse via tail-gas reactive pyrolysis
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A., Elkasabi, Y.M., Mcmahan, C.M. 2015. Guayule (parthenium argentatum) pyrolysis biorefining:  production of hydrocarbon compatible bio-oils from guayule bagasse via tail-gas reactive pyrolysis. Fuel. 158:948-956.Evaluation of the impact of compositional differences in switchgrass genotypes on pyrolysis product yield
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Serapiglia, M., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Cortese, L.M., Bonos, S.A., Hoffman, L. 2015. Evaluation of the impact of compositional differences in switchgrass genotypes on pyrolysis product yield. Industrial Crops and Products. 74:957-968.Characterization of fast-pyrolysis bio-oil distillation residues and their potential applications
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Elkasabi, Y.M., Mullen, C.A., Jackson, M.A., Boateng, A.A. 2015. Characterization of fast-pyrolysis bio-oil distillation residues and their potential applications. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 114:179-186.Production of aromatic hydrocarbons via catalytic pyrolysis of biomass over fe-modified HZSM-5 zeolites
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2015. Production of aromatic hydrocarbons via catalytic pyrolysis of biomass over fe-modified HZSM-5 zeolites. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 3:1623-1631.Catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis of biomass in non-inert environments for production of deoxygenated bio-oil and chemicals

- (Proceedings)Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Elkasabi, Y.M., Schaffer, M.A. 2015. Catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis of biomass in non-inert environments for production of deoxygenated bio-oil and chemicals. Meeting Abstract. 60(2): 1.Catalytic transfer hydrogenation for stabilization of bio-oil oxygenates: reduction of p-cresol and furfural over bimetallic Ni-Cu catalysts using isopropanol
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Kannapu, H.P., Mullen, C.A., Elkasabi, Y.M., Boateng, A.A. 2015. Catalytic transfer hydrogenation for stabilization of bio-oil oxygenates: reduction of p-cresol and furfural over bimetallic Ni-Cu catalysts using isopropanol. Fuel Processing Technology. 137:220-228.An exergy based assessment of the production and conversion of switchgrass, equine waste and forest residue to bio-oil using fast pyrolysis
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Keedy, J., Prymak, E., Macken, N., Pourhashem, G., Spatari, S., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2014. An exergy based assessment of the production and conversion of switchgrass, equine waste and forest residue to bio-oil using fast pyrolysis. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemical Research. 54:529-539.Variability in pyrolysis product yield from novel shrub willow genotypes
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Serapiglia, M., Mullen, C.A., Smart, L.B., Boateng, A.A. 2014. Variability in pyrolysis product yield from novel shrub willow genotypes. Global Change Biology Bioenergy. 72:74-84.Guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation mechanism on Pt(111): Insights from density functional theory and linear free energy relations
                                                        

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Lee, K., Gu, H., Vlachos, D.G., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2014. Guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation mechanism on Pt(111): Insights from density functional theory and linear free energy relations. ChemSusChem. 8:315-322.Bioenergy crops grown for hyperaccumulation of phosphorus in the delmarva peninsula and their biofuels potential

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Boateng, A.A., Serapiglia, M., Mullen, C.A., Dien, B.S., Fawzy, H.M., Dadson, R.B. 2014. Bioenergy crops grown for hyperaccumulation of phosphorus in the delmarva peninsula and their biofuels potential. Environmental Management. 150:39-47.Biological mineral range effects on biomass conversion to aromatic hydrocarbons via catalytic fast pyrolysis over HZSM-5

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Dadson, R.B., Hashem, F.M. 2015. Biological mineral range effects on biomass conversion to aromatic hydrocarbons via catalytic fast pyrolysis over HZSM-5. Energy and Fuels. 28:7014-7024.Maximizing the stability of pyrolysis oil/diesel fuel emulsions

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Martin, J.A., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2014. Maximizing the stability of pyrolysis oil/diesel fuel emulsions. Energy and Fuels. 28(9):5918-5929.Bio-based n-butanol prepared from poly-3-hydroxybutyrate:  optimization of the reduction of n-butyl crotonate to n-butanol

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Schweitzer, D., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Snell, K. 2014. Bio-based n-butanol prepared from poly-3-hydroxybutyrate:  optimization of the reduction of n-butyl crotonate to n-butanol. Organic Process Research & Development. 19:710-714.Origin of carbon in aromatic and olefin products derived from HZSM-5 catalyzed co-pyrolysis of cellulose and plastics via isotopic labeling

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Dorado, C., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2014. Origin of carbon in aromatic and olefin products derived from HZSM-5 catalyzed co-pyrolysis of cellulose and plastics via isotopic labeling. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 162:338-345.Distillation and isolation of commodity chemicals from Bio-oil made by tail-gas reactive prolysis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Elkasabi, Y.M., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2014. Distillation and isolation of commodity chemicals from Bio-oil made by tail-gas reactive prolysis. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2(8):2042-2052.Evaluation of Brazilian biomasses as potential feedstocks for fuel production via fast pyrolysis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Pighinelli, A.L., Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A., Elkasabi, Y.M. 2014. Evaluation of Brazilian biomasses as potential feedstocks for fuel production via fast pyrolysis. Energy for Sustainable Development. 21:42-50.Mild pyrolysis of P3HB/Switchgrass blends for the production of bio-oil enriched with crotonic acid

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Schweitzer, D., Sparks, K., Snell, K. 2014. Mild pyrolysis of P3HB/Switchgrass blends for the production of bio-oil enriched with crotonic acid. Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis. 107:40-45.Hydrodeoxygenation of fast-pyrolysis bio-oils from various feedstocks using carbon-supported catalysts

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Elkasabi, Y.M., Mullen, C.A., Pighinelli, A.L., Boateng, A.A. 2014. Hydrodeoxygenation of fast-pyrolysis bio-oils from various feedstocks using carbon-supported catalysts. Fuel Processing Technology. 123:11-18.Accumulation of inorganic impurities on HZSM-5 during catalytic fast pyrolysis of switchgrass

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2013. Accumulation of inorganic impurities on HZSM-5 during catalytic fast pyrolysis of switchgrass. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemical Research. 52:17156-17161.H-ZSM5 Catalyzed co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastics

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Dorado, C., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2014. H-ZSM5 Catalyzed co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastics. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2(2):301-311.Evaluation of biochars by temperature programmed oxidation/mass spectroscopy

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Jackson, M.A., Boateng, A.A., Groom, L.H., Eberhardt, T.L., Mullen, C.A. 2013. Evaluation of biochars by temperature programmed oxidation/mass spectroscopy. BioResources. 8:5461-5474.ASPEN+ and economic modeling of equine waste utilization for localized hot water heating via fast pyrolysis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Hammer, N.L., Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A., Wheeler, C.M. 2013. ASPEN+ and economic modeling of equine waste utilization for localized hot water heating via fast pyrolysis. Journal of Environmental Management. 128:594-601.Production of deoxygenated biomass fast pyrolysis oils via product gas recycling

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Goldberg, N.M. 2013. Production of deoxygenated biomass fast pyrolysis oils via product gas recycling. Energy and Fuels. 27:3867-3874.Hydrotreating of fast pyrolysis oils from protein-rich pennycress seed presscake

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Reichenbach, S.E. 2013. Hydrotreating of fast pyrolysis oils from protein-rich pennycress seed presscake. Fuel. 111, 797-804.Reliable peak selection for multisample analysis with comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Reichenbach, S.E., Tian, X., Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A., Cordero, C., Tao, Q. 2013. Reliable peak selection for multisample analysis with comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography. Analytical Chemistry. 85:4974-4981.Life cycle environmental and economic tradeoffs of using fast pyrolysis products for power generation

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Pourhashem, G., Spatari, S., Boateng, A.A., Mcaloon, A.J., Mullen, C.A. 2013. Life cycle environmental and economic tradeoffs of using fast pyrolysis products for power generation. Energy and Fuels. 27:2578-2587.Structure-property characteristics of pyrolytic lignins derived from fast pyrolysis of a lignin rich biomass extract

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Nsimba, R.Y., Mullen, C.A., West, N., Boateng, A.A. 2013. Structure-property characteristics of pyrolytic lignins derived from fast pyrolysis of a lignin rich biomass extract. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 1:260-267.Fast pyrolysis of biomass thermally pretreated by torrefaction

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A. 2013. Fast pyrolysis of biomass thermally pretreated by torrefaction. Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis. 100, 95-102.Mass balance, energy and exergy analysis of bio-oil production by fast pyrolysis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A., Osgood-Jacobs, L., Carlson, P., Macken, N. 2012. Mass balance, energy and exergy analysis of bio-oil production by fast pyrolysis. Journal of Energy Resources Technology. 134/042001-1-9.Condensation of acetol and acetic acid vapor with sprayed liquid

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Dickey, L.C., Boateng, A.A., Goldberg, N.M., Mullen, C.A., Mihalcik, D.J. 2012. Condensation of acetol and acetic acid vapor with sprayed liquid. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 51:5067-5072.Packed-bed catalytic cracking of oak derived pyrolytic vapors

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mihalcik, D.J., Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A., Goldberg, N.M. 2011. Packed-bed catalytic cracking of oak derived pyrolytic vapors. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 50:13304-13312.Catalytic fast pyrolysis of white oak wood in-situ using a bubbling fluidized bed reactor

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Mihalcik, D.J., Goldberg, N.M. 2011. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of white oak wood in-situ using a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. Energy and Fuels. 25:5444-5451.Characterizing biomass fast pyrolysis oils by 13C-NMR and chemometric analysis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Strahan, G.D., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2011. Characterizing biomass fast pyrolysis oils by 13C-NMR and chemometric analysis. Energy and Fuels. 25:5452-5461.Mass balance and exergy analysis of a fast pyrolysis system

- (Proceedings)Screening acidic zeolites for catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass and its components

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mihalcik, D.J., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2011. Screening acidic zeolites for catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass and its components. Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis. 92:224-232.Production and analysis of fast pyrolysis oils from proteinaceous biomass

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2011. Production and analysis of fast pyrolysis oils from proteinaceous biomass. BioEnergy Research. 4:303-311.Characterization of water insoluble solids isolated from various biomass fast pyrolysis oils

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2011. Characterization of water insoluble solids isolated from various biomass fast pyrolysis oils. Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis. 90:197-203.Catalytic Pyrolysis of Oak via Pyroprobe and Bench Scale, Packed Bed Pyrolysis Reactors

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Compton, D.L., Jackson, M.A., Mihalcik, D.J., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2011. Catalytic pyrolysis of oak via pyroprobe and bench scale, packed bed pyrolysis reactors. Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis. 90:174-181.Producing stable pyrolysis liquids from the oil-seed presscakes of mustard family plants:  pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) and camelina (Camelina sativa)

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A., Goldberg, N.M. 2010. Producing stable pyrolysis liquids from the oil-seed presscakes of mustard family plants:  pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) and camelina (Camelina sativa). Energy and Fuels. 24:6624-6632.Catalytic pyrolysis-GC/MS of lignin from several sources

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2010. Catalytic pyrolysis-GC/MS of lignin from several sources. Fuel Processing Technology, 91:1446-1458.Winter barley ethanol - a new advanced biofuel

- (Proceedings)Hicks, K.B., Nghiem, N.P., Johnston, D., Moreau, R.A., Mcaloon, A.J., Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A., Yee, W.C., Kurantz, M.J. 2010. Winter barley ethanol - a new advanced biofuel. In Rausch, K., Singh, V., Tumbleson, M. (editors). Proceedings of the S-1041 Symposium on "Conversion Technologies for Biofuels", August 2-3, 2010, Wyndmoor, PA. p.54-58.Sustainable production of bioenergy and bio-char from the straw of high biomass soybean lines via fast pyrolysis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A., Goldberg, N.M., Hicks, K.B., Devine, T.E., Lima, I.M., Mcmurtrey Iii, J.E. 2010. Sustainable production of bioenergy and bio-char from the straw of high biomass soybean lines via fast pyrolysis. Journal of Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy. 29(2):175-183.Analysis and comparison of bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis from three barley biomass/byproduct streams

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Hicks, K.B., Goldberg, N.M., Moreau, R.A. 2010. Analysis and comparison of bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis from three barley biomass/byproduct streams. Energy and Fuels. 24:699-706.Bio-oil and biochar production from corn cobs and stover by fast pyrolysis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Goldberg, N.M., Lima, I.M., Laird, D.A., Hicks, K.B. 2010. Bio-oil and biochar production from corn cobs and stover by fast pyrolysis. Biomass and Bioenergy. 34:67-74.Guayule (Parthenium argentatum)pyrolysis and analysis by PY-GC/MS

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A., McMahan, C.M., Whalen, M.C., Cornish, K. 2010. Guayule (Parthenium argentatum)pyrolysis and analysis by PY-GC/MS. Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis. 87:14-23.Energy-dense liquid fuel intermediates by pyrolysis of guayule (Parthenium argentatum) shrub and bagasse

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A., Goldberg, N.M., Hicks, K.B., Mcmahan, C.M., Whalen, M.C., Cornish, K. 2009. Energy-dense liquid fuel intermediates by pyrolysis of guayule (Parthenium argentatum) shrub and bagasse. Fuel. 88:2207-2215.Characterization of various fast pyrolysis bio-oils by NMR spectroscopy

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Strahan, G.D., Boateng, A.A. 2009. Characterization of various fast pyrolysis bio-oils by NMR spectroscopy. Energy and Fuels. 23:2707-2718.BIO-OIL FROM GUAYULE BAGASSE

- (Abstract Only)Mcmahan, C.M., Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A., Goldberg, N.M., Hicks, K.B., Cornish, K., Whalen, M.C. 2008. Bio-oil from guayule bagasse. Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops 2008 Annual Meeting, September 7-11, College Station, TX.Production of bio-oil from alfalfa stems by fluidized-bed fast pyrolysis

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A., Goldberg, N.M., Hicks, K.B., Jung, H.G., Lamb, J.F. 2008. Production of bio-oil from alfalfa stems by fluidized-bed fast pyrolysis. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 47:4115-4122.Chemical composition of bio-oils produced by fast pyrolysis of two energy crops

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)Mullen, C.A., Boateng, A.A. 2008. Chemical composition of bio-oils produced by fast pyrolysis of two energy crops. Energy and Fuels. 22:2104-2109.
                    ARS News Articles
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                                                USDA Researchers Simplify Pyrolysis Processes for Bio-oil Productionitem
                                                Sustainable Corn Production Supports Advanced Biofuel Feedstocksitem
                                                Researchers Study Benefits of Barley as a Biofuel Crop


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