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ARS Home Northeast Area Beltsville, Maryland (BARC) Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Invasive Insect Biocontrol & Behavior Laboratory People







Robert  Harrison

(Bob)    Research Molecular Biologist /ARSUserFiles/37171/IMG_0646-crop1.jpg
 Contact: Phone: (301) 504-5249  Fax: (301) 504-5104 10300 BALTIMORE AVENUE  BARC-WEST BLDG 007  Room 225 BELTSVILLE , MD 20705
 Area of Expertise: Invertebrate Virology Insect Molecular Biology Education: Ph.D., Biochemistry, Texas A&M University, 1996 M.S., Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, 1989 B.A., Biology & Philosophy, Baylor University, 1987
 My research focuses mostly on a group of insect-specific viruses known as baculoviruses, which are classified in the family *Baculoviridae*. These viruses form distinctive structures known as occlusion bodies, which contain the infectious particles of the virus within a protective crystalline matrix composed of a single viral protein. Hosts of baculoviruses are usually larvae of moths and butterflies, although some baculoviruses also have been found to infect sawflies and mosquitoes.
 **Baculovirus occlusion bodies forming in infected cells of the fall armyworm (*Spodoptera frugiperda*) Sf9 cell line.**/ARSUserFiles/37171/69Ro3892008-50hpi.jpg
 **Occlusion bodies of a baculovirus from the true armyworm, *Mythimna unipuncta*.** Micrograph by Gary Bauchan./ARSUserFiles/37171/KY310    Plate B237_006.jpg
 These viruses establish lethal infections and are the cause of naturally-occurring  epizootics in the field populations of their hosts, accompanied by dramatic population declines.  The occlusion bodies can be harvested from virus-killed insects and applied to control infestations of insect pests with no impact on other organisms.  For these reasons, baculoviruses are under active investigation and development as biological pesticides.
 Over the course of decades, scientists at IIBBL have accumulated more than 2600 samples of insect viruses representing 142 different insect hosts and/or virus species.  We work to identify and classify baculoviruses in samples of interest, both from our collection and obtained from other sources, and characterize them with respect to their relationships with other viruses and their pathogenicity against significant agricultural pests, such as the fall armyworm and the spongy moth.  This research has contributed to the development of a biopesticide, Fawligen, which is produced and marketed for use against fall armyworm and beet armyworm populations.
 Droplet-feeding bioassay, testing baculovirus isolates against larvae of the spongy moth (*Lymantria dispar*).  Photo by Melody Keena./ARSUserFiles/37171/DSC_4646-crop1.jpg
 **Virions of an iflavirus from the brown marmorated stink bug, *Halyomorpha halys*.**  Micrograph by Joseph Mowery./ARSUserFiles/37171/HhV virions.jpg
 We also study iflaviruses, which are found in a wide variety of arthropods.  These viruses can cause mortality and disease in their hosts, but in the brown marmorated stink bug and the spongy moth, iflaviruses accumulate to very high levels without any obvious pathology.  We are interested in the impact these viruses are having on their hosts and in their interactions with baculoviruses.
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 ProjectsSustainable Insect Pest Management for Urban Agriculture and LandscapesIn-House Appropriated (D)Accession Number:439455Biocontrol of Gypsy Moth and Other Lepidopteran Pests of the Northeast Area through Development of Microbial Pathogen-Based Biological ControlNon-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)Accession Number:438966
 Publications(Clicking on the reprint iconReprint Icon  will take you to the publication reprint.)Lymantria dispar iflavirus 1 RNA comprises a large proportion of RNA in adult L. dispar moths-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Sparks, M., Wang, Y., Shi, J., Harrison, R.L. 2023. Lymantria dispar iflavirus 1 RNA comprises a large proportion of RNA in adult L. dispar moths. Insects. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14050466.Developments in the taxonomy and nomenclature of pif gene-containing large DNA viruses of arthropods-(Review Article) Van Oers, M.M., Herniou, E.A., Jehle, J.A., Krell, P.J., Abd-Alla, A.M., Theilmann, D.A., Ribeiro, B.M., Bateman, K.A., Hu, Z., Harrison, R.L. 2023. Developments in the taxonomy and nomenclature of pif gene-containing large DNA viruses of arthropods. Archives of Virology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-023-05793-8.Identification and analysis of putative tRNA genes in baculovirus genomes-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Oliveira, H.P., Harrison, R.L., Ribeiro, B.M., Ardisson-Araujo, D.P. 2022. Identification and analysis of putative tRNA genes in baculovirus genomes. Virus Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres. 322; Article 198949The Parapoynx stagnalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (PastNPV), a divergent member of the alphabaculovirus group I clade, encodes a homolog of Ran GTPase-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Rowley, D.L. 2022. The Parapoynx stagnalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (PastNPV), a divergent member of the alphabaculovirus group I clade, encodes a homolog of Ran GTPase. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14102289.Analyses of adult transcriptomes from four different populations of the spongy moth, Lymantria dispar L., from China and the USA-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Wang, Y., Sparks, M., Harrison, R.L., Shi, J. 2022. Analyses of adult transcriptomes from four different populations of the spongy moth, Lymantria dispar L., from China and the USA. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18377-4.The complete genome sequence of an alphabaculovirus from the brown tussock moth, Olene mendosa Hübner, expands our knowledge of lymantriine baculovirus diversity and evolution-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Rowley, D.L. 2022. The complete genome sequence of an alphabaculovirus from the brown tussock moth, Olene mendosa Hübner, expands our knowledge of lymantriine baculovirus diversity and evolution. Virus Genes. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-022-01899-4.Confirmation of Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus infections in G-haplotype coconut rhinoceros beetles (Oryctes rhinoceros) from Palauan PCR-positive populations-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Tanaka, S., Harrison, R.L., Hiroshi, A., Katayama, Y., Mizutani, T., Inoue, M.N., Miles, J.E., Marshall, S.D., Kitalong, C., Nakai, M. 2021. Confirmation of Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus infections in G-haplotype coconut rhinoceros beetles (Oryctes rhinoceros) from Palauan PCR-positive populations. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97426-w.Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021)-(Review Article) Walker, P.J., Siddell, S.G., Lefkowitz, E.J., Mushegian, A.R., Adriaenssens, E., Alfenas-Zerbini, P., Davison, A.J., Dempsey, D.M., Dutilh, B.E., Garcia, M., Harrach, B., Harrison, R.L., Hendrickson, R., Junglen, S., Knowles, N.J., Krupovic, M., Kuhn, J.H., Lambert, A.J., Lobocka, M., Nibert, M., Oksanen, H.M., Orton, R.J., Robertson, D., Rubino, L., Sabanadzovic, S., Simmonds, P., Smith, D.B., Suzuki, N., Van Dooerslaer, K., Vandamme, A., Varsani, A., Zerbini, F.M. 2021. Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021). Archives of Virology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05156-1.Insecticidal properties of isolates of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus against corn-strain and rice-strain fall armyworm, and complete genome sequences of three isolates from the USA and Colombia-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Popham, H.R., Rowley, D.L., Harrison, R.L. 2021. Insecticidal properties of isolates of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus against corn-strain and rice-strain fall armyworm, and complete genome sequences of three isolates from the USA and Colombia. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2021.107561.Effects of rearing density on developmental traits of two different biotypes of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., from China and the USA-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Wang, Y., Harrison, R.L., Shi, J. 2021. Effects of rearing density on developmental traits of two different biotypes of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., from China and the USA. Insects. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12020175.Transcriptome sequencing of the striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.), reveals numerous sex-specific transcripts and xenobiotic detoxification genes-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Sparks, M., Nelson, D.R., Haber, A.I., Weber, D.C., Harrison, R.L. 2020. Transcriptome sequencing of the striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.), reveals numerous sex-specific transcripts and xenobiotic detoxification genes. BioTech. https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech9040021.Pathology and genome sequence of a Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) isolate from Heilongjiang, China-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Rowley, D.L., Keena, M.A. 2020. Pathology and genome sequence of a Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) isolate from Heilongjiang, China. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2020.107495.Changes to virus taxonomy and the statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020)-(Review Article) Walker, P.J., Siddell, S.G., Lefkowitz, E.J., Mushegian, A.R., Adriaenssens, E., Dempsey, D.M., Dutilh, B.E., Harrach, B., Harrison, R.L., Hendrickson, R., Junglen, S., Knowles, N.J., Kropinski, A., Krupovic, M., Kuhn, J.H., Nibert, M., Rubino, L., Sabanadzovic, S., Simmonds, P., Varsani, A., Zerbini, M.F., Davison, A.J. 2020. Changes to virus taxonomy and the statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020). Archives of Virology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04752-x.Development of a honey bee RNA virus vector based on the genome of Deformed wing virus-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Ryabov, E., Christmon, K., Heerman, M.C., Posada-Florez, F., Harrison, R.L., Chen, Y., Evans, J.D. 2020. Development of a honey bee RNA virus vector based on the genome of Deformed wing virus. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12040374.Virus taxonomy finds its roots-(Review Article) Gorbalenya, A.E., Krupovic, M., Mushegian, A.R., Kropinski, A., Siddell, S.G., Varsani, A., Adams, M.J., Davison, A.J., Dutilh, B.E., Harrach, B., Harrison, R.L., Junglen, S., King, A.M., Knowles, N.J., Lefkowitz, E.J., Nibert, M., Rubino, L., Sabanadzovic, S., Sanfacon, H., Simmonds, P., Walker, P.J., Zerbini, M.F., Kuhn, J.H. 2020. Virus taxonomy finds its roots. Nature Microbiology . 5:668-674.ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Nudiviridae-(Review Article) Harrison, R.L., Herniou, E.A., Bezier, A., Jehle, J.A., Burand, J.P., Theilmann, D.A., Krell, P.J., Van Oers, M.M., Nakai, M. 2020. ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Nudiviridae. Journal of General Virology. 101:3-4.Family Nudiviridae-(Other) Harrison, R.L., Herniou, E.A., Bezier, A., Jehle, J.A., Burand, J.P., Nakai, M., Theilmann, D.A., Krell, P.J., Vans Oers, M.M. 2019. Family Nudiviridae. Virus Taxonomy: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/nudiviridae.A novel alphabaculovirus from the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens, that produces tetrahedral occlusion bodies and encodes two copies of he65-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Rowley, D.L., Popham, H.R. 2019. A novel alphabaculovirus from the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens, that produces tetrahedral occlusion bodies and encodes two copies of he65. Viruses. 11:579.Changes to virus taxonomy and the International code of virus classification and nomenclature ratified by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (2019)-(Review Article) Walker, P.J., Siddell, S.G., Lefkowitz, E.J., Mushegian, A.R., Dempsey, D.M., Dutilh, B.E., Harrach, B., Harrison, R.L., Hendrickson, R., Junglen, S., Knowles, N.J., Kropinski, A., Krupovic, M., Kuhn, J.H., Nibert, M., Rubino, L., Sabanadzovic, S., Simmonds, P., Varsani, A., Zerbini, M.F., Davison, A.J. 2019. Changes to virus taxonomy and the International code of virus classification and nomenclature ratified by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (2019) . Archives of Virology. 164: 2417-2429.An iflavirus found in stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) of four different species-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Dos Santos, E.R., Ecker, A., Trentin, L.B., Da Silva, L.A., Borges, M., Ribeiro, B.M., Mowery, J.D., Harrison, R.L., Ardisson-Araujo, D.M. 2019. An iflavirus found in stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) of four different species. Virology. 534:72-79.Additional changes to taxonomy and to the international code of virus classification and nomenclature ratified by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (2018)-(Proceedings) Siddell, S.G., Walker, P.J., Lefkowitz, E.J., Mushegian, A.R., Adams, M.J., Dutilh, B.E., Gorbalenya, A.E., Harrach, B., Harrison, R.L., Junglen, S., Knowles, N.J., Kropinski, A., Krupovic, M., Kuhn, J.H., Nibert, M., Rubino, L., Sabanadzovic, S., Sanfacon, H., Simmonds, P., Varsani, A., Zerbini, M.F., Davison, A.J. 2019. Additional changes to taxonomy and to the international code of virus classification and nomenclature ratified by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (2018). Archives of Virology. 164: 943-946.The complete genome sequence of an alphabaculovirus from the southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Rowley, D.L. 2019. The complete genome sequence of an alphabaculovirus from the southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 8:e01277-18.The complete genome sequence of an alphabaculovirus from Spodoptera exempta, an agricultural pest of major economic significance in Africa-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Escasa, S.R., Harrison, R.L., Mowery, J.D., Bauchan, G.R., Cory, J.S. 2019. The complete genome sequence of an alphabaculovirus from Spodoptera exempta, an agricultural pest of major economic significance in Africa. PLoS One. 14(2):e0209937.The complete genome sequence of a second alphabaculovirus from the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta: Implications for baculovirus phylogeny and host specificity-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Mowery, J.D., Bauchan, G.R., Theilmann, D.A., Erlandson, M.A. 2019. The complete genome sequence of a second alphabaculovirus from the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta: Implications for baculovirus phylogeny and host specificity. Virus Genes. 55:104-116.ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Baculoviridae-(Review Article) Harrison, R.L., Herniou, E.A., Jehle, J.A., Theilmann, D.A., Burand, J.P., Becnel, J.J., Krell, P.J., Van Oers, M.M., Mowery, J.D., Bauchan, G.R. 2018. ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Baculoviridae. Journal of General Virology. 99:1185-1186.Family Baculoviridae-(Other) Harrison, R.L., Herniou, E.A., Jehle, J.A., Theilman, D.A., Burand, J.P., Becnel, J.J., Krell, P.J., Van Oers, M.M., Mowery, J.D., Bauchan, G.R. 2018. Family Baculoviridae. Virus Taxonomy: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Available: https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/.Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2018)-(Proceedings) King, A.M., Adams, M.J., Davison, A.J., Dutilh, B.E., Gorbalenya, A.E., Harrach, B., Harrison, R.L., Junglen, S., Knowles, N.J., Kropinski, A., Krupovic, M., Kuhn, J.H., Lefkowitz, E.J., Mushegian, A.R., Nibert, M., Rubino, L., Sabanadzovic, S., Sanfacon, H., Siddell, S.G., Simmonds, P., Varsani, A., Zerbini, M.F. 2018. Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2018). Symposium Proceedings. 163:2601-2631.The complete genome sequence of a third distinct baculovirus isolated from the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta, contains two copies of the lef-7 gene-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Mowery, J.D., Rowley, D.L., Bauchan, G.R., Theilmann, D.A., Rohrmann, G.F., Erlandson, M.A. 2018. The complete genome sequence of a third distinct baculovirus isolated from the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta, contains two copies of the lef-7 gene. Virus Genes. 54(2):297-310.The Operophtera brumata nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpbuNPV) represents an early, divergent lineage within genus Alphabaculovirus-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Rowley, D.L., Mowery, J.D., Bauchan, G.R., Burand, J.P. 2017. The Operophtera brumata nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpbuNPV) represents an early, divergent lineage within genus Alphabaculovirus. Viruses. 9(10):307.Changes to taxonomy and the international code of virus classification and nomenclature ratified by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses-(Proceedings) Adams, M.J., Lefkowitz, E.J., King, A.M., Harrach, B., Harrison, R.L., Knowles, N.J., Kropinski, A., Krupovic, M., Kuhn, J.H., Mushegian, A.R., Nibert, M., Sabanadzovic, S., Sanfacon, H., Siddell, S.G., Simmonds, P., Varsani, A., Zerbini, M.F., Gorbalenya, A.E., Davison, A.J. 2017. Changes to taxonomy and the international code of virus classification and nomenclature ratified by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Archives of Virology. 162:2505-2538.The complete genome sequence of a second distinct betabaculovirus from the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Rowley, D.L., Mowery, J.D., Bauchan, G.R., Theilman, D.A., Rohrmann, G.F. 2017. The complete genome sequence of a second distinct betabaculovirus from the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta. PLoS One. 12(1):e0170510.50 years of formal virus taxonomy: overview and prospects-(Review Article) Adams, M.J., Lefkowitz, E.J., King, A.M., Harrach, B., Harrison, R.L., Knowles, N.J., Kropinski, A., Krupovic, M., Kuhn, J.H., Mushegian, A.R., Nibert, M., Sabanadzovic, S., Sanfacon, H., Siddell, S.G., Simmonds, P., Varsani, A., Zerbini, M.F., Orton, R.J., Smith, D.B., Gorbalenya, A.E., Davison, A.J. 2017. 50 years of formal virus taxonomy: overview and prospects. Archives of Virology. 162:1441-1446.The complete genome sequence of Plodia interpunctella granulovirus: Discovery of an unusual inhibitor-of-apoptosis gene-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Rowley, D.L., Funk, C. 2016. The complete genome sequence of Plodia interpunctella granulovirus: Discovery of an unusual inhibitor-of-apoptosis gene. PLoS One. 11(7):e0160389.Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2016)-(Proceedings) Adams, M.J., Lefkowitz, E.J., King, A.M., Gorbalenya, A.E., Nibert, M., Harrach, B., Harrison, R.L., Knowles, N.J., Kropinski, A., Krupovic, M., Kuhn, J.H., Mushegian, A.R., Sabanadzovic, S., Sanfacon, H., Siddell, S.G., Simmonds, P., Zerbini, M.F., Davison, A.J. 2016. Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2016). Archives of Virology. 161(10):2921-2949.Geographic isolates of Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus: Genome sequence analysis and pathogenicity against European and Asian gypsy moth strains-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Rowley, D.L., Keena, M.A. 2016. Geographic isolates of Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus: Genome sequence analysis and pathogenicity against European and Asian gypsy moth strains. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 137:10-22.Genome sequence of an Adoxophyes orana granulovirus (AdorGV) occlusion body morphology mutant-(Abstract Only) Nakai, M., Harrison, R.L., Uchida, H., Kunimi, Y. 2015. Genome sequence of an Adoxophyes orana granulovirus (AdorGV) occlusion body morphology mutant. Japanese Journal of Applied Entmology and Zoology. p.131.Expression, delivery and function of insecticidal proteins expressed by recombinant baculoviruses-(Book / Chapter) Kroemer, J.A., Bonning, B.C., Harrison, R.L. 2015. Expression, delivery and function of insecticidal proteins expressed by recombinant baculoviruses. Viruses. 7(1):422-455.Complete genome sequence of the strain of Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus found in the gypsy moth biopesticide, Virin-ENSh.-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Rowley, D.L. 2015. Complete genome sequence of the strain of Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus found in the gypsy moth biopesticide, Virin-ENSh.. Genome Announcements. 3(1):e0147-14.Isolation of an adoxophyes orana granulovirus (AdorGV) occlusion body morphology mutant: Biological activity, genome sequence, and relationship to other isolates of AdorGV-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Nakai, M., Harrison, R.L., Uchida, H., Ukuda, R., Hikihara, S., Ishii, K., Kunimi, Y. 2015. Isolation of an adoxophyes orana granulovirus (AdorGV) occlusion body morphology mutant: Biological activity, genome sequence, and relationship to other isolates of AdorGV. Journal of General Virology. 96(4):904-914.Lymantria dispar iflavirus 1 (LdIV1), a new model to study iflaviral persistence in lepidopterans-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Carrillo-Tripp, J., Krueger, E.N., Harrison, R.L., Toth, A.L., Miller, W., Bonning, B.C. 2014. Lymantria dispar iflavirus 1 (LdIV1), a new model to study iflaviral persistence in lepidopterans. Journal of General Virology. 95(10):2285-2296.Genomic analysis of five Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates and biological activity against different host strains of Lymantria dispar-(Abstract Only) Harrison, R.L., Rowley, D.L., Keena, M.A. 2014. Genomic analysis of five Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates and biological activity against different host strains of Lymantria dispar. Society for Invertebrate Pathology Annual Meeting. p.81.Classification, genetic variation and pathogenicity of Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates from Asia, Europe, and North America-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Keena, M.A., Rowley, D.L. 2014. Classification, genetic variation and pathogenicity of Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates from Asia, Europe, and North America. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 116:27-35.Complete genome sequence of a novel iflavirus from the transcriptome of Halyomorpha halys, the brown marmorated stink bug.-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Sparks, M., Gundersen, D.E., Harrison, R.L. 2013. Complete genome sequence of a novel iflavirus from the transcriptome of Halyomorpha halys, the brown marmorated stink bug.. Genome Announcements. 1(6):e00910-13.Sequence of a novel iflavirus identified in the transcriptome of the brown marmorated stink bug-(Abstract Only) Sparks, M., Gundersen, D.E., Harrison, R.L. 2013. Sequence of a novel iflavirus identified in the transcriptome of the brown marmorated stink bug. Society for Invertebrate Pathology Annual Meeting. p.101.Genetic variation and biological activity of isolates of lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus from north america, europe, and asia-(Abstract Only) Harrison, R.L., Keena, M., Rowley, D.L. 2013. Genetic variation and biological activity of isolates of lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus from North America, Europe, and Asia. In: 46th Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology, August 11-15, 2013, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. p.102.Midgut transcriptomic response of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, to infection with l. dispar and Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses-(Abstract Only) Harrison, R.L., Gundersen, D.E., Sparks, M. 2013. Midgut transcriptomic response of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, to infection with l. dispar and Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses. Society for Invertebrate Pathology Annual Meeting. p.72.Chapter 6. available lepidopteran insect cell lines-(Book / Chapter) Lynn, D.E., Harrison, R.L. 2016. Chapter 6. available lepidopteran insect cell lines. Book Chapter. 119-141.Chapter 9. routine maintenance and storage of lepidopteran insect cell lines and baculoviruses-(Book / Chapter) Lynn, D.E., Harrison, R.L. 2016. Chapter 9. routine maintenance and storage of lepidopteran insect cell lines and baculoviruses. Book Chapter. 197-221.Transforming Lepidopteran Insect Cells for Improved Protein Processing and Expression-(Book / Chapter) Harrison, R.L., Jarvis, D.L. 2016. Transforming Lepidopteran Insect Cells for Improved Protein Processing and Expression. Book Chapter. 359-379.Chapter 15. transforming lepidopteran insect cells for continuous recombinant protein expression-(Book / Chapter) Harrison, R.L., Jarvis, D.L. 2016. Chapter 15. transforming lepidopteran insect cells for continuous recombinant protein expression. Book Chapter. 329-347.Determination and analysis of the genome sequence of Spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Breitenbach, J.E., El-Sheikh, E.A., Harrison, R.L., Rowley, D.L., Sparks, M., Gundersen, D.E., Popham, H.J. 2013. Determination and analysis of the genome sequence of Spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. Virus Research. 171(1):194-208.Book Review: Insect Virology-(Other) Harrison, R.L. 2014. Book Review: Insect Virology. American Entomologist. 60(2):121-122.Concentration- and time-response characteristics of plaque isolates of Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus derived from a field isolate-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L. 2013. Concentration- and time-response characteristics of plaque isolates of Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus derived from a field isolate. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 112(2):159-161.Eight new species in the genus Alphabaculovirus-(Abstract Only) Harrison, R.L., Herniou, E.A., Theilmann, D.A., Blissard, G.W., Becnel, J.J., Arif, B., Vlak, J.M., Jehle, J.A., Burand, J.P. 2012. Eight new species in the genus Alphabaculovirus. Meeting Abstract. ICTV Files and Disussion (Website).Genetic diversity among isolates of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus-(Book / Chapter) Harrison, R.L., Popham, H.J., Breitenbach, J.E., Rowley, D.L. 2012. Genetic diversity among isolates of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. In: 45th Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology, August 5-9,2012, Beunos Aires, Argentina. pg.13.Genetic variation and virulence of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus and Trichoplusia ni single nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Popham, H.J., Breitenbach, J.E., Rowley, D.L. 2012. Genetic variation and virulence of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus and Trichoplusia ni single nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 110(1):33-47.Baculovirus infection of the armyworm (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) feeding on spiny- or smooth-edged grass (Festuca spp.) leaf blades-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Keathley, C.P., Harrison, R.L., Potter, D.A. 2012. Baculovirus infection of the armyworm (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) feeding on spiny- or smooth-edged grass (Festuca spp.) leaf blades. Biological Control. 61(2):147-154.Baculoviridae-(Book / Chapter) Herniou, E., Theilmann, D.A., Blissard, G.W., Becnel, J.J., Basil, A., Harrison, R.L., Bonning, B.C., Vlak, J.M., Jehle, J.A. 2011. Baculoviridae. Virus Taxonomy: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. oxford:Elsevier 163-174.Chapter 4: Baculoviruses and other occluded insect viruses-(Book / Chapter) Harrison, R.L., Hoover, K. 2012. Chapter 4: Baculoviruses and other occluded insect viruses. In: Vega, F. E., Kaya, H. K, editors. Insect Pathology. 2nd edition. London, England: Academic Press. p. 73-131.Book review: Baculovirus Molecular Biology, Second Edition-(Book / Chapter) Harrison, R.L. 2011. Book review: Baculovirus Molecular Biology, Second Edition. Society of Invertebrate Pathology Newsletter. 44(2):13-14.Genetic variation, and biological activity of nucleopolyhedrovirus samples from larvae Heliothis virescens, Helicoverpa zea, and Helicoverpa armigera-(Abstract Only) Rowley, D.L., Popham, H.J., Harrison, R.L. 2011. Genetic variation, and biological activity of nucleopolyhedrovirus samples from larvae Heliothis virescens, Helicoverpa zea, and Helicoverpa armigera. Society for Invertebrate Pathology Annual Meeting. pp.62-63.Genetic variation and virulence of nucleopolyhedroviruses isolated worldwide from the heliothine pests Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa zea, and Heliothis virescens-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Rowley, D.L., Popham, H.J., Harrison, R.L. 2011. Classification, genetic variation, and biological activity of nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates from three heliothine pests. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 107:112-126.Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ODV-E56 is a per os infectivity factor, but is not essential for binding and fusion of occlusion-derived virus to the host midgut-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Sparks, W.O., Bonning, B. 2011. Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ODV-E56 is a per os infectivity factor, but is not essential for binding and fusion of occlusion-derived virus to the host midgut. Virology. 409:69-76.Classification, genetic variation, and biological activity of nucleopolyhedrovirus samples from larvae of the heliothine pests heliothis virescens, helicoverpa zea, and helicoverpa armigera-(Abstract Only) Rowley, D.L., Popham, H.J., Harrison, R.L. 2010. Classification, genetic variation, and biological activity of nucleopolyhedrovirus samples from larvae of the heliothine pests heliothis virescens, helicoverpa zea, and helicoverpa armigera. Meeting Abstract. 58:125.Proteases as Insecticidal Agents-(Review Article) Harrison, R.L., Bonning, B. 2010. Proteases as Insecticidal Agents. Toxins. 2:935-953.The occlusion-derived virus envelope protein ODV-E56 is required for optimal oral infectivity but is not essential for virus binding and fusion-(Abstract Only) Sparks, W.0., Bonning, B., Harrison, R.L. 2010. The occlusion-derived virus envelope protein ODV-E56 is required for optimal oral infectivity but is not essential for virus binding and fusion. Meeting Abstract. 43:43.Genetic and biological variation among nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates from spodoptera frugiperda (lepidotpera: noctuidae)-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Rowley, D.L., Farrar, R.R., Blackburn, M.B., Harrison, R.L. 2010. Genetic and biological variation among nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates from spodoptera frugiperda (lepidotpera: noctuidae). Virus Genes. 40:458-468.The autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ODV-E56 envelope protein is required for oral infectivity and can be functionally substituted by rachiplusia ou multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ODV-E56-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Sparks, W.O., Bonning, B.C. 2010. The autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ODV-E56 envelope protein is required for oral infectivity and can be functionally substituted by rachiplusia ou multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ODV-E56. Journal of General Virology. 91:1173-1182.Structural divergence among genomes of closely related baculoviruses and its implications for baculovirus evolution-(Review Article) Harrison, R.L. 2009. Structural divergence among genomes of closely related baculoviruses and its implications for baculovirus evolution. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 101:181-186.Genomic sequence analysis of the Illinois strain of the Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L.  2009.  Genomic sequence analysis of the Illinois strain of the Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus.  Virus Genes. 38:155–170.Baculovirus expressed virus-like particles of Pea eation mosaic virus vary in size and encapsidate baculovirus mRNAs-(Peer Reviewed Journal) S. Sivakumar, S., Wang, Z., Harrison, R.L., Liu, S., Miller, W.A., Bonning, B.C.  2009.  Baculovirus-expressed virus-like particles of Pea enation mosaic virus vary in size and encapsidate baculovirus mRNAs.  Virus Research. 139:54-63.Structural divergence among genomes of closely related baculoviruses and its implications for baculovirus evolution-(Abstract Only) Harrison, R.L. 2008. Structural divergence among genomes of closely related baculoviruses and its implications for baculovirus evolution. 41st Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology. August 3-7, 2009, Conventry, England. p. 110.Insecticidal Activity of a Basement Membrane-Degrading Protease against Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Li, H., Tang, H., Swaminathan, S., Phillip, J., Harrison, R.L., Gatehouse, J.A., Bonning, B.C. 2008. Insecticidal Activity of a Basement Membrane-Degrading Protease against Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). Journal of Insect Physiology. 54:777-789.Genomic sequence analysis of a fast-killing isolate of the Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Puttler, B., Popham, H.J. 2008. Genomic sequence analysis of a fast-killing isolate of the Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. Journal of General Virology. 89:775-790.Tissue specificity of a baculovirus expressed, basement membrane-degrading protease in larvae of Heliothis virescens-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Tang, H., Li, H., Lei, S. M., Harrison, R. L., Bonning, B.C. 2007. Tissue specificity of a baculovirus-expressed, basement membrane-degrading protease in larvae of Heliothis virescens. Tissue and Cell. 39:431-443.Genomic sequence analysis of a nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Lynn, D.E. 2007. Genomic sequence analysis of a nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from the diamondback moth. Virus Genes. 35:857-873.Genomic sequence analysis of a nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda-(Abstract Only) Popham, H.J., Harrison, R.L. 2007. Genomic sequence analysis of a nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. American Society for Virology. p. 259.Genomic sequence analysis of a nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella.-(Abstract Only) Harrison, R.L., Lynn, D.E. 2007. Genomic sequence analysis of a nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from the diamondback moth (abstract). 2007 American Society for Virology Meeting abstract booklet, p. 259.Characterisation of functional and insecticidal properties of a cathepsin L-like proteinase from flesh fly (Sacrophaga peregrina) involved in differentiation of imaginal discs.-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Phillip, J., Fitches, E., Harrison, R.L., Bonning, B., Gatehouse, J.A. Characterisation of functional and insecticidal properties of a cathepsin L-like proteinase from flesh fly (Sacrophaga peregrina) involved in differentiation of imaginal discs. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.  37:589-60.Genomic sequence analysis of a granulovirus isolated from the Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Popham, H.J. 2008. Genomic sequence analysis of a granulovirus isolated from the Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. Virus Genes. 36:565-581.Cell lines derived from the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, that support replication of the A. ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus and several group I nucleopolyhedroviruses-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Harrison, R.L., Lynn, D.E. 2008. New cell lines derived from the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, that support replication of the A. ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus and several group I nucleopolyhedroviruses.  Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 99:28-34.Construction and Characterization of New piggyBac Vectors for Constitutive or Inducible Expression of Heterologous Gene Pairs and the Identification of a Previously Unrecognized Activator Sequence in piggyBac-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Shi, X., Harrison, R.L., Hollister, J.R., Mohammed, A., Fraser Jr., M.J., Jarvis, D.L. 2007. Construction and Characterization of New piggyBac Vectors for Constitutive or Inducible Expression of Heterologous Gene Pairs and the Identification of a Previously Unrecognized Activator Sequence in piggyBac. BMC Biotechnology. 7(5).  Available:  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1783651Assessment of a Basement Membrane-Degrading Protease on Dissemination and Secondary Infection of Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus in Heliothis virescens L.-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Li, H., Tang, H., Harrison, R.L., Bonning, B.C. 2007. Assessment of a Basement Membrane-Degrading Protease on Dissemination and Secondary Infection of Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus in Heliothis virescens L.  Journal of General Virology. 88:1109-1119.MECHANISM OF INSECTICIDAL ACTION OF A BASEMENT MEMBRANE-DEGRADING PROTEASE-(Abstract Only) Harrison, R.L., Huarong, L., Tang, H., Bonning, B.C. 2006. Mechanism of insecticidal action of a basement membrane-degrading protease. Molecular Insect Science International Symposium Proceedings. Tuscon,AZ  May 20,2006- May 24, 2006.Protein N-Glycosylation in the Baculovirus-Insect Cell Expression System and Engineering of Insect Cells to Produce 3Mammalianized2 Recombinant Glycoprotein-(Literature Review) Harrison, R.L., Jarvis, D.L. 2006. Protein N-Glycosylation in the Baculovirus-Insect Cell Expression System and Engineering of Insect Cells to Produce 3Mammalianized2 Recombinant Glycoprotein Advances in Virus Research.


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