FI L ED

U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S

EL EVENTH CI RCUI T

NOVEMB ER 7, 2011

J OHN L EY

CL ERK [ D O N O T P U B L I S H ]

I N T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S C O U R T O F A P P E A L S

F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C I R C U I T

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

N o

. 0 9

- 1 4 8 1 6

N o n

- A r g u m e n t C a l e n d a r

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

D

. C

. D o c k e t N o s

. 0 8

- 0 0 3 4 8

- C V

- O C

- 1 0

- G R J

,

0 3

- 0 0 0 6 1

- C R

- O C

- 1 0

- G R J

B O B B Y B O Y L E

,

P e t i t i o n e r

- A p p e l l a n t

,

v e r s u s

U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A

,

R e s p o n d e n t

- A p p e l l e e

.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A p p e a l f r o m t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s D i s t r i c t C o u r t

f o r t h e M i d d l e D i s t r i c t o f F l o r i d a

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

( N o v e m b e r 7

, 2 0 1 1 )

B e f o r e H U L L

, M A R T I N a n d A N D E R S O N

, C i r c u i t J u d g e s

.

P E R C U R I A M :B o b b y B o y l e

, a f e d e r a l p r i s o n e r

, a p p e a l s t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t ’ s d i s m i s s a l o f h i s

2 8 U

. S

. C

. § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n t o c o r r e c t o r r e d u c e h i s s e n t e n c e

. T h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t

c o n c l u d e d t h a t B o y l e ’ s § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n w a s b a r r e d b y t h e s e n t e n c e a p p e a l w a i v e r i n

h i s p l e a a g r e e m e n t

. A f

t e r r e v i e w

, w e a f

f i r m

. 1

I

. F A C T U A L B A C K G R O U N D

A

. P l e a A g r e e m e n t

I n 2 0 0 3

, B o y l e p l e d g u i l t y

, p u r s u a n t t o a p l e a a g r e e m e n t

, t o p o s s e s s i o n w i t h

i n t e n t t o d i s t r i b u t e c o c a i n e

, i n v i o l a t i o n o f 2 1 U

. S

. C

. § 8 4 1 ( a ) a n d ( b ) ( 1 ) ( C )

.

B o y l e ’ s p l e a a g r e e m e n t c o n t a i n e d a s e n t e n c e a p p e a l w a i v e r i n w h i c h B o y l e w a i v e d

h i s “ r i g h t t o a p p e a l d e f

e n d a n t ’ s s e n t e n c e

, d i r e c t l y o r c o l l a t e r a l l y

, i n c l u d i n g t h e

f i l i n g o f a 2 8 U

. S

. C

. § 2 2 5 5 p e t i t i o n

, o n a n y g r o u n d

. . . e x c e p t f o r a n u p w a r d

d e p a r t u r e b y t h e s e n t e n c i n g j u d g e

, a s e n t e n c e a b o v e t h e s t a t u t o r y m a x i m u m

, o r a

s e n t e n c e i n v i o l a t i o n o f t h e l a w a p a r t f r o m t h e s e n t e n c i n g g u i d e l i n e s

. ” B o y l e

a c k n o w l e d g e d i n t h e p l e a a g r e e m e n t t h a t h i s s t a t u t o r y m a x i m u m s e n t e n c e w a s

t w e n t y y e a r s ’ i m p r i s o n m e n t

.

D u r i n g t h e p l e a h e a r i n g

, a m a g i s t r a t e j u d g e r e v i e w e d w i t h B o y l e

, i n t e r a l i a

,

t h e t e r m s o f t h e p l e a a g r e e m e n t

. T h e m a g i s t r a t e j u d g e p o i n t e d o u t t h e s e n t e n c e

a p p e a l w a i v e r

. T h e m a g i s t r a t e j u d g e t h e n a s k e d B o y l e w h e t h e r h e u n d e r s t o o d t h a t

I n a § 2255 proc eeding , we r eview a district court’s leg al conc lusions de novo and its 1

fac tual finding s for c lear

err or. L y nn v. United States, 365 F.3d 1225, 1232 ( 11th Cir. 2004).

2h e w a s w a i v i n g h i s r i g h t t o a p p e a l t h e s e n t e n c e “ d i r e c t l y o r c o l l a t e r a l l y

, i n c l u d i n g a

w a i v e r o f [ B o y l e ’ s ] r i g h t t o f i l e w h a t i s r e f

e r r e d t o a s a 2 2 5 5 p e t i t i o n ” a n d

r e v i e w e d t h e e x c e p t i o n s t o t h e s e n t e n c e a p p e a l w a i v e r

. B o y l e r e s p o n d e d t h a t h e

u n d e r s t o o d

. T h e m a g i s t r a t e j u d g e f o u n d t h a t B o y l e h a d e n t e r e d h i s g u i l t y p l e a

k n o w i n g l y a n d v o l u n t a r i l y a n d f i l e d a r e p o r t ( “ R & R ” ) r e c o m m e n d i n g t h a t t h e

d i s t r i c t c o u r t a c c e p t B o y l e ’ s p l e a

. T h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t a d o p t e d t h e R & R w i t h o u t

o b j e c t i o n f r o m B o y l e a n d a c c e p t e d B o y l e ’ s g u i l t y p l e a

.

B

. 2 0 0 3 S e n t e n c i n g

P u r s u a n t t o U

. S

. S

. G

. § 4 B 1

. 1

, t h e P r e s e n t e n c e I n v e s t i g a t i o n R e p o r t ( “ P S I ” )

r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t B o y l e b e c l a s s i f i e d a c a r e e r o f

f e n d e r b a s e d o n B o y l e ’ s t w o p r i o r

f e l o n y c o n v i c t i o n s f

o r ( 1 ) c a r r y i n g a c o n c e a l e d f i r e a r m a n d ( 2 ) p o s s e s s i o n o f

c o c a i n e w i t h i n t e n t t o s e l l o r d e l i v e r

. S e e U

. S

. S

. G

. § 4 B 1

. 1 ( a ) ( 2 0 0 3 ) ( d e s i g n a t i n g

a d e f e n d a n t a c a r e e r o f

f e n d e r i f h e

, i n t e r a l i a

, h a s “ a t l e a s t t w o p r i o r f e l o n y

c o n v i c t i o n s o f e i t h e r a c r i m e o f v i o l e n c e o r a c o n t r o l l e d s u b s t a n c e o f f e n s e ” ) ;

U n i t e d S t a t e s v

. G i l b e r t

, 1 3 8 F

. 3 d 1 3 7 1

, 1 3 7 2 ( 1 1 t h C i r

. 1 9 9 8 ) ( c o n c l u d i n g t h a t t h e

o f f e n s e o f c a r r y i n g a c o n c e a l e d f i r e a r m w a s a c r i m e o f v i o l e n c e u n d e r § 4 B 1

. 1 ( a ) )

.

B e c a u s e o f B o y l e ’ s c a r e e r o f f e n d e r s t a t u s

, h i s o f

f e n s e l e v e l r o s e f

r o m l e v e l 1 0 t o

l e v e l 3 2

. A f

t e r a 3

- p o i n t r e d u c t i o n f o r a c c e p t a n c e o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y

, B o y l e ’ s t o t a l

o f f e n s e l e v e l w a s 2 9

. W i t h a c r i m i n a l h i s t o r y c a t e g o r y o f V I

, t h e P S I c a l c u l a t e d

3t h e a p p l i c a b l e g u i d e l i n e s r a n g e a s 1 5 1 t o 1 8 8 m o n t h s ’ i m p r i s o n m e n t

.

A t t h e 2 0 0 3 s e n t e n c i n g

, B o y l e d i d n o t o b j e c t t o t h e c a r e e r o f

f e n d e r

e n h a n c e m e n t o r t o a n y o f t h e P S I ’ s g u i d e l i n e s c a l c u l a t i o n s

. T h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t

i m p o s e d t h e c a r e e r o f

f e n d e r e n h a n c e m e n t u n d e r § 4 B 1

. 1

, r e s u l t i n g i n a g u i d e l i n e s

r a n g e o f 1 5 1 t o 1 8 8 m o n t h s ’ i m p r i s o n m e n t

. T h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t i m p o s e d a 1 5 1

-

m o n t h s e n t e n c e

. B o y l e d i d n o t f i l e a d i r e c t a p p e a l o f h i s s e n t e n c e i n 2 0 0 3

.

C

. S e c t i o n 2 2 5 5 M o t i o n i n 2 0 0 8

I n A p r i l 2 0 0 8

, i n U n i t e d S t a t e s v

. A r c h e r

, 5 3 1 F

. 3 d 1 3 4 7 ( 1 1 t h C i r

. 2 0 0 8 )

,

t h i s C o u r t c o n c l u d e d t h a t t h e o f f e n s e o f c a r r y i n g a c o n c e a l e d f i r e a r m w a s n o t a

c r i m e o f v i o l e n c e f

o r p u r p o s e s o f U

. S

. S

. G

. § 4 B 1

. 1 ’ s c a r e e r o f f e n d e r e n h a n c e m e n t

.

P r i o r t o A r c h e r a n d a s n o t e d e a r l i e r

, c a r r y i n g a c o n c e a l e d w e a p o n w a s a c r i m e o f

v i o l e n c e u n d e r § 4 B 1

. 1 ’ s c a r e e r o f f e n d e r e n h a n c e m e n t

. S e e U n i t e d S t a t e s v

.

G i l b e r t

, 1 3 8 F

. 3 d 1 3 7 1

, 1 3 7 2 ( 1 1 t h C i r

. 1 9 9 8 )

. I n A r c h e r

, t h i s C o u r t d e t e r m i n e d

t h a t o u r p r e c e d e n t h a d b e e n u n d e r m i n e d t o t h e p o i n t o f a b r o g a t i o n b y t h e S u p r e m e

C o u r t ’ s d e c i s i o n i n B e g a y v

. U n i t e d S t a t e s

, 5 5 3 U

. S

. 1 3 7

, 1 2 8 S

. C t

. 1 5 8 1 ( 2 0 0 8 )

.

S e e A r c h e r

, 5 3 1 F

. 3 d a t 1 3 5 2

.

I n A u g u s t 2 0 0 8

, B o y l e f i l e d t h i s § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n c h a l l e n g i n g h i s c a r e e r

o f f e n d e r d e s i g n a t i o n b a s e d o n A r c h e r

. T h e g o v e r n m e n t m o v e d t o d i s m i s s B o y l e ’ s 2

Boy le’s § 2255 motion does not alleg e a c laim of ineff ective a ssistance of tr ial counsel 2

or appe llate counse l with respec t to his caree r off ender desig nation.

4§ 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n

, a r g u i n g t h a t B o y l e ’ s A r c h e r c l a i m : ( 1 ) w a s b a r r e d b y t h e c o l l a t e r a l

a p p e a l w a i v e r i n B o y l e ’ s p l e a a g r e e m e n t ; ( 2 ) w a s u n t i m e l y u n d e r § 2 2 5 5 ( f ) ( 1 )

b e c a u s e i t w a s n o t f

i l e d w i t h i n o n e y e a r o f h i s 2 0 0 3 c o n v i c t i o n b e c o m i n g f i n a l ; ( 3 )

w a s n o t c o g n i z a b l e u n d e r § 2 2 5 5 ; a n d ( 4 ) w a s p r o c e d u r a l l y d e f a u l t e d b e c a u s e h e

d i d n o t r a i s e i t a t s e n t e n c i n g

.

I n r e s p o n s e

, B o y l e a s s e r t e d t h a t h e “ i s n o t a n d d o e s n o t c o n t e s t t h e v a l i d i t y

o f h i s d e a l w i t h t h e g o v e r n m e n t ; n o r d o e s h e c h a l l e n g e t h e l e g a l i t y o f h i s a p p e a l

w a i v e r c l a u s e

. ” I n s t e a d

, B o y l e a r g u e d t h a t

, a l t h o u g h h e n o w c h a l l e n g e d h i s c a r e e r

o f f e n d e r d e s i g n a t i o n i n l i g h t o f A r c h e r

, h i s c l a i m a l s o i m p l i c a t e d t h e D u e P r o c e s s

C l a u s e

. A s s u c h

, B o y l e c o n t e n d e d h i s § 2 2 5 5 c l a i m w a s c o g n i z a b l e u n d e r § 2 2 5 5

a n d f e l l w i t h i n t h e c o l l a t e r a l a p p e a l w a i v e r ’ s “ v i o l a t i o n o f l a w a p a r t f r o m t h e

s e n t e n c i n g g u i d e l i n e s ” e x c e p t i o n

. B o y l e c l a i m e d h i s § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n w a s t i m e l y

u n d e r § 2 2 5 5 ( f

) ( 3 ) b e c a u s e i t w a s f

i l e d i t w i t h i n o n e y e a r o f B e g a y

, w h i c h

a n n o u n c e d a s u b s t a n t i v e c h a n g e i n t h e l a w

. F i n a l l y

, B o y l e a r g u e d t h a t h e c o u l d n o t

p r o c e d u r a l l y d e f

a u l t h i s c l a i m b a s e d o n A r c h e r b e c a u s e h e w a s “ a c t u a l l y i n n o c e n t ”

o f b e i n g a c a r e e r o f

f e n d e r

.

O n S e p t e m b e r 1 5

, 2 0 0 9

, t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t d i s m i s s e d B o y l e ’ s § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n

,

c o n c l u d i n g i t w a s b a r r e d b y B o y l e ’ s c o l l a t e r a l a p p e a l w a i v e r

. T h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t

r e j e c t e d B o y l e ’ s a r g u m e n t t h a t h i s § 2 2 5 5 c l a i m f e l l w i t h i n t h e “ v i o l a t i o n o f l a w

5a p a r t f

r o m t h e s e n t e n c i n g g u i d e l i n e s ” e x c e p t i o n

. S p e c i f i c a l l y

, t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t

s t a t e d t h a t “ A r c h e r d o e s n o t h i n g m o r e t h a n i n t e r p r e t t h e G u i d e l i n e s i n a n e w a l b e i t

a d i f f e r e n t a n d i m p o r t a n t w a y

, ” a n d “ n e i t h e r A r c h e r o r a n y S u p r e m e C o u r t

p r e c e d e n t u p o n w h i c h A r c h e r r e l i e d w a s p r e d i c a t e d u p o n a n y n e w r u l e o f

c o n s t i t u t i o n a l i n t e r p r e t a t i o n

. ”

B o y l e f i l e d t h i s a p p e a l

. T h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t g r a n t e d B o y l e ’ s r e q u e s t f o r a

C e r t i f i c a t i o n o f A p p e a l a b i l i t y

.

I I

. D I S C U S S I O N

A m o n g t h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n s t h a t t h e d e f e n d a n t m a y o f

f e r a s p a r t o f h i s p l e a

a g r e e m e n t i s t h e w a i v e r o f h i s r i g h t t o a p p e a l h i s s e n t e n c e

, p r o v i d e d t h a t t h e w a i v e r

i s m a d e k n o w i n g l y a n d v o l u n t a r i l y

. U n i t e d S t a t e s v

. H o w l e

, 1 6 6 F

. 3 d 1 1 6 6

, 1 1 6 8

( 1 1 t h C i r

. 1 9 9 9 )

. A n a p p e a l w a i v e r m a y w a i v e t h e r i g h t t o a p p e a l d i f f i c u l t

,

d e b a t a b l e l e g a l i s s u e s a n d e v e n b l a t a n t l e g a l e r r o r

. I d

. a t 1 1 6 9

.

U n d e r t h e t e r m s o f B o y l e ’ s s e n t e n c e a p p e a l w a i v e r

, B o y l e c a n n o t

c o l l a t e r a l l y a t t a c k h i s s e n t e n c e t h r o u g h a § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n

. B o y l e ’ s s e n t e n c e a p p e a l

w a i v e r c o n t a i n e d a n e x c e p t i o n f o r c l a i m s t h a t t h e s e n t e n c e w a s “ i n v i o l a t i o n o f a

l a w a p a r t f

r o m t h e s e n t e n c i n g g u i d e l i n e s

. ” ( E m p h a s i s a d d e d

. ) R e a d i n g t h e

s e n t e n c e a p p e a l w a i v e r a n d e x c e p t i o n t o g e t h e r

, B o y l e ( 1 ) w a i v e d h i s r i g h t t o a r g u e

i n a d i r e c t o r c o l l a t e r a l a p p e a l t h a t t h e s e n t e n c i n g c o u r t m i s a p p l i e d t h e g u i d e l i n e s

,

6b u t ( 2 ) p r e s e r v e d h i s r i g h t t o a r g u e t h a t h i s s e n t e n c e v i o l a t e d t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n o r

s o m e o t h e r l a w

. T h u s

, t o t h e e x t e n t B o y l e ’ s § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n c l a i m s t h a t

, i n l i g h t o f

A r c h e r

, t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t e r r o n e o u s l y a p p l i e d t h e § 4 B 1

. 1 c a r e e r o f f e n d e r

e n h a n c e m e n t i n t h e g u i d e l i n e s

, t h a t i s s u e i s b a r r e d b y B o y l e ’ s s e n t e n c e a p p e a l

w a i v e r i n h i s p l e a a g r e e m e n t

.

B o y l e c o n t e n d s t h a t h i s § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n i s n o t b a r r e d b y h i s s e n t e n c e a p p e a l

w a i v e r b e c a u s e h i s c l a i m b a s e d o n B e g a y a n d A r c h e r a l s o i m p l i c a t e s t h e D u e

P r o c e s s C l a u s e a n d t h u s f a l l s w i t h i n t h e “ v i o l a t i o n o f a l a w a p a r t f r o m t h e

s e n t e n c i n g g u i d e l i n e s ” e x c e p t i o n t o t h e s e n t e n c e a p p e a l w a i v e r

. E v e n a s s u m i n g 3

For the first time on appe al, B oy le ra ises the following new a rg uments: (1) B oy le’s 3

collater al appe al waive r is invalid and unenf orce able be cause it was not knowing ly and

voluntarily

made; (2) Boy

le’s § 2255 cla im falls within the upward de parture exception to the

collater al appe al waive r bec ause B oy le is not a ca ree r off ender under A rche r; and (3) there was a

mutual mist ake r eg arding his status as a ca

ree r off ender , absent whic h he would have been a ble

to attack his sentenc e. B eca use B oy le did not raise these arg uments in the district court, we

decline to a ddress them. See Dohrmann v. U nited States, 442 F.3d 1279, 1282 (11th Cir. 2006)

(re fusing to addre ss an ar g ument raised f or the fir st tim e in a f

eder al prisoner ’s appe al of the

denial of his § 2241 petition); Tanne nbaum v. United States, 148 F .3d 1262, 1263 (11th Cir.

1998) (stating in a § 2255 context that “issues not raised be low are normally deeme d waived” ).

L ikewise, we decline to a ddress B oy le’s ar g ument, raised f or the fir st tim e in his reply brief, tha t

his collatera l appea l waiver is unenforc eable beca

use it results in a miscarr iag e of justice. See

United States v. Curtis, 380 F.3d 1308, 1310 (11th Cir. 2004) (e x plaining tha t issues not raised

in the initial brief on appe al ar e dee med waive d); Fe d. R. App. P. 28(a)(5) (re quiring issues to be

raised in initial briefs)

. Fur thermore , to the extent Boy le now cla ims his s entenc e appe al waive r is invalid, in the

district court B oy le af

firmatively

asser ted that he “ is not and does not contest the va lidity of his

deal with the g overnme nt; nor does he c halleng e the leg ality of his appea l waiver

clause .” I n

other wor ds, Boy le not only failed to ra ise the issue of the va lidity of his sentenc e appe al waive r

in the district court, he a

rg uably invited the district court to conc lude that the appe al waive r wa s

valid. See United States v. B ranna n, 562 F.3d 1300, 1306 ( 11th Cir. 2009) (explaining that we

are prec luded from r eviewing an issue ra ised on appe al if it was wa ived throug h invited error ).

I n any event, the r ecor d ref

utes that his invalidity

claim bec ause the district court cove red the

7a r g u e n d o t h a t B o y l e ’ s § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n r a i s e s a d u e p r o c e s s c l a i m t h a t f a l l s w i t h i n

t h e e x c e p t i o n i n h i s p l e a a g r e e m e n t

, B o y l e n e v e r c h a l l e n g e d h i s c a r e e r o f f e n d e r

s t a t u s i n t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t o r o n d i r e c t a p p e a l

. T h u s

, h i s d u e p r o c e s s

- c a r e e r

o f f e n d e r c l a i m i s b a r r e d a n d t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t ’ s d i s m i s s a l w a s p r o p e r f o r t h e

r e a s o n s d i s c u s s e d i n o u r r e c e n t d e c i s i o n i n M c K a y v

. U n i t e d S t a t e s

,

_ _ _ F

. 3 d

_ _ _ ,

2 0 1 1 W L 4 3 8 9 6 4 1 ( 1 1 t h C i r

. S e p t

. 2 2

, 2 0 1 1 )

. S e e L u c a s v

. W

. W

. G r a i n g e r

, I n c

. ,

2 5 7 F

. 3 d 1 2 4 9

, 1 2 5 6 ( 1 1 t h C i r

. 2 0 0 1 ) ( e x p l a i n i n g t h a t w e m a y a f f i r m a d i s t r i c t

c o u r t ’ s j u d g m e n t “ o n a n y g r o u n d t h a t f i n d s s u p p o r t i n t h e r e c o r d ” ( q u o t a t i o n m a r k s

o m i t t e d ) )

.

I n M c K a y

, t h i s C o u r t c o n c l u d e d t h a t a § 2 2 5 5 m o v a n t p r o c e d u r a l l y

d e f a u l t e d h i s c h a l l e n g e t o h i s c a r e e r o f f e n d e r d e s i g n a t i o n b y f

a i l i n g t o a d v a n c e

s u c h a c l a i m o n d i r e c t a p p e a l

. S e e M c K a y

, 2 0 1 1 W L 4 3 8 9 6 4 1 a t * 1

. M c K a y

, l i k e

B o y l e

, w a s c l a s s i f

i e d a s a c a r e e r o f

f e n d e r b a s e d i n p a r t o n a c o n v i c t i o n f o r c a r r y i n g

a c o n c e a l e d w e a p o n

. I d

. M c K a y d i d n o t o b j e c t t o h i s c a r e e r o f

f e n d e r e n h a n c e m e n t

a t s e n t e n c i n g a n d d i d n o t f i l e a d i r e c t a p p e a l

. I d

. A f t e r t h i s C o u r t d e c i d e d A r c h e r

,

M c K a y f i l e d a § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n c h a l l e n g i n g h i s c a r e e r o f f e n d e r d e s i g n a t i o n

. I d

. a t

rele vant points in it s colloquy about the sente nce a

ppeal wa iver. See United States v. Bushe rt,

997 F.2d 1343, 1351 ( 11th Cir. 1993) (explaining that the g overnme nt establishes that a

defe ndant waive d his appea l rig hts knowingly and voluntarily , when it shows that “the district

court spec ifically

questioned the de fenda

nt conce rning the sentenc e appe al waive r during the

Rule 11 colloquy ”).

8* 3

. T h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t d e n i e d t h e § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n o n t h e g r o u n d t h a t M c K a y ’ s

“ G u i d e l i n e s m i s a p p l i c a t i o n c l a i m w a s n o t c o g n i z a b l e u n d e r § 2 2 5 5

. ” I d

.

O n a p p e a l

, t h i s C o u r t a f f i r m e d t h e d e n i a l o f M c K a y ’ s § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n o n

p r o c e d u r a l d e f

a u l t g r o u n d s

, “ l e a v [ i n g ] f o r a n o t h e r d a y t h e q u e s t i o n o f w h e t h e r t h i s

t y p e o f c l a i m i s c o g n i z a b l e u n d e r § 2 2 5 5 i n t h e f i r s t i n s t a n c e

. ” I d

. a t * 4

. T h e

C o u r t r e j e c t e d M c K a y ’ s a r g u m e n t t h a t h i s “ a c t u a l i n n o c e n c e ” e x c u s e d h i s

p r o c e d u r a l d e f

a u l t

. I d

. a t * 7

. T h e C o u r t s t a t e d t h a t “ f o r p u r p o s e s o f t h e a c t u a l

i n n o c e n c e e x c e p t i o n

, ‘ a c t u a l i n n o c e n c e ’ m e a n s f a c t u a l i n n o c e n c e

, n o t m e r e l e g a l

i n s u f f i c i e n c y

. ” I d

. a t * 5 ( q u o t a t i o n m a r k s o m i t t e d )

. T h e C o u r t e x p l a i n e d t h a t

M c K a y ’ s c l a i m w a s n o t o n e o f f a c t u a l i n n o c e n c e

, a s f

o l l o w s :

M c K a y m a k e s t h e p u r e l y l e g a l a r g u m e n t t h a t h e i s a c t u a l l y i n n o c e n t

o f h i s c a r e e r o f

f e n d e r s e n t e n c e b e c a u s e h i s p r i o r c o n v i c t i o n f o r

c a r r y i n g a c o n c e a l e d w e a p o n s h o u l d n o t h a v e b e e n c l a s s i f i e d a s a

“ c r i m e o f v i o l e n c e ” u n d e r t h e G u i d e l i n e s

. M c K a y d o e s n o t e v e n

s u g g e s t

, b e c a u s e h e c a n n o t

, t h a t h e d i d n o t a c t u a l l y c o m m i t t h e c r i m e

o f c a r r y i n g a c o n c e a l e d w e a p o n

. I n o t h e r w o r d s

, h e m a k e s n o c l a i m

o f f a c t u a l i n n o c e n c e o f t h e p r e d i c a t e o f f e n s e

.

I d

. a t * 7

. T h u s

, t h e C o u r t c o n c l u d e d t h a t “ e v e n i f t h e a c t u a l i n n o c e n c e e x c e p t i o n

w e r e t o e x t e n d t o t h e n o n c a p i t a l s e n t e n c i n g c o n t e x t ( a q u e s t i o n w e n e e d n o t

d e c i d e )

, t h i s e x c e p t i o n w o u l d n o t a p p l y t o M c K a y ’ s c l a i m o f l e g a l i n n o c e n c e a n d

t h u s c o u l d n o t e x c u s e h i s p r o c e d u r a l d e f a u l t

. ” I d

.

H e r e

, i t i s u n d i s p u t e d t h a t B o y l e d i d n o t f i l e a d i r e c t a p p e a l o f h i s s e n t e n c e

.

9B o y l e a r g u e s

, l i k e M c K a y

, t h a t h i s “ a c t u a l i n n o c e n c e ” e x c u s e s h i s p r o c e d u r a l

d e f a u l t

. H o w e v e r

, B o y l e d o e s n o t c o n t e n d t h a t h e i s f a c t u a l l y i n n o c e n t o f t h e

u n d e r l y i n g o f

f e n s e o f c a r r y i n g a c o n c e a l e d w e a p o n

. R a t h e r

, B o y l e a r g u e s t h a t h i s

c o n v i c t i o n i s l e g a l l y i n s u f f i c i e n t t o c o n s t i t u t e a “ c r i m e o f v i o l e n c e ” f o r p u r p o s e s o f

U

. S

. S

. G

. § 4 B 1

. 1

. A s s u c h

, u n d e r M c K a y

, t h e a c t u a l i n n o c e n c e e x c e p t i o n d o e s n o t

a p p l y t o B o y l e ’ s c l a i m

. T h u s

, B o y l e p r o c e d u r a l l y d e f a u l t e d a n y d u e p r o c e s s c l a i m

r e l a t i n g t o h i s d e s i g n a t i o n a s a c a r e e r o f f e n d e r

. 4

I n s u m

, w e c o n c l u d e t h a t

, t o t h e e x t e n t B o y l e ’ s § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n r a i s e d a

g u i d e l i n e s c a l c u l a t i o n e r r o r

, i t i s b a r r e d b y h i s s e n t e n c e a p p e a l w a i v e r

. T o t h e

e x t e n t B o y l e ’ s § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n r a i s e d a d u e p r o c e s s c l a i m n o t b a r r e d b y h i s s e n t e n c e

a p p e a l w a i v e r

, B o y l e p r o c e d u r a l l y d e f a u l t e d t h a t c l a i m b y n o t r a i s i n g i t i n a d i r e c t

a p p e a l o f h i s s e n t e n c e

. F o r t h e s e r e a s o n s

, t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t p r o p e r l y d i s m i s s e d

B o y l e ’ s § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n

.

A F F I R M E D

.

Alterna tively , Boy

le asser ts that his claim falls under the c ause a nd prejudice exception 4

to the proce dural de fault rule. See McKa y , 2001 WL 4389641 at *4 (stating that, under the

cause and pre

judice exception to the proc edura l defa ult rule, the movant must show cause for

failing to raise the “ err or on direc t appea l and ac tual prejudice from the a lleg ed er ror” ). B eca

use

Boy le did not assert this g round in the district court, we do not addre ss it. S ee T annenba um, 148

F.3d a t 1263.

10