`[Congressional Bills 105th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1271 Placed on Calendar Senate (PCS)]





                                                       Calendar No. 201

105th CONGRESS

  1st Session

                                S. 1271

                          [Report No. 105-103]

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

To reauthorize the mass transit programs of the Federal Government, and 
                          for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                            October 8, 1997

                 Read twice and placed on the calendar





                                                       Calendar No. 201
105th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 1271

                          [Report No. 105-103]

To reauthorize the mass transit programs of the Federal Government, and 
                          for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            October 8, 1997

Mr. D'Amato, from the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, 
 reported the following original bill; which was read twice and placed 
                            on the calendar

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
To reauthorize the mass transit programs of the Federal Government, and 
                          for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Federal Transit 
Act of 1997''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec.  1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec.  2. Authorizations.
Sec.  3. Capital projects and small area flexibility.
Sec.  4. Metropolitan planning.
Sec.  5. Metropolitan planning organizations.
Sec.  6. Fare box revenues.
Sec.  7. Clean fuels formula grant program.
Sec.  8. Capital investment grants and loans.
Sec.  9. Transit supportive land use.
Sec. 10. New starts.
Sec. 11. Joint partnership for deployment of innovation.
Sec. 12. Workplace safety.
Sec. 13. University transportation centers.
Sec. 14. Job access grants.
Sec. 15. Grant requirements.
Sec. 16. HHS and public transit service.
Sec. 17. Proceeds from the sale of transit assets.
Sec. 18. Operating assistance for small transit authorities in large 
                            urbanized areas.
Sec. 19. Apportionment of appropriations for fixed guideway 
                            modernization.
Sec. 20. Urbanized area formula study.

SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 5338 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 5338. Authorizations
    ``(a) Sections 5303-5308, 5310, 5311, 5313, 5314, 5317, 5320, 
5320a, 5327, and 5334 (a) and (c).--
            ``(1) Mass transit account amounts.--Not more than the 
        following amounts are available to the Secretary from the 
        Account to carry out sections 5303 through 5308, 5310, 5311, 
        5313, 5314, 5317, 5320, 5320a, 5327, and subsections (a) and 
        (c) of section 5334:
                    ``(A) $2,698,790,000 for fiscal year 1998.
                    ``(B) $2,773,934,000 for fiscal year 1999.
                    ``(C) $2,849,079,000 for fiscal year 2000.
                    ``(D) $2,925,965,000 for fiscal year 2001.
                    ``(E) $3,004,667,000 for fiscal year 2002.
                    ``(F) $3,085,725,000 for fiscal year 2003.
            ``(2) Other amounts.--In addition to amounts made available 
        under paragraph (1), not more than the following amounts may be 
        appropriated to the Secretary to carry out section 5303 through 
        5308, 5310, 5311, 5313, 5314, 5317, 5320, 5320a, 5327, and 
        subsections (a) and (c) of section 5334:
                    ``(A) $738,000,000 for fiscal year 1998.
                    ``(B) $756,000,000 for fiscal year 1999.
                    ``(C) $774,000,000 for fiscal year 2000.
                    ``(D) $793,000,000 for fiscal year 2001.
                    ``(E) $812,000,000 for fiscal year 2002.
                    ``(F) $832,000,000 for fiscal year 2003.
    ``(b) Section 5309.--Not more than the following amounts are 
available to the Secretary from the Account to carry out section 5309:
            ``(1) $2,221,210,000 for fiscal year 1998.
            ``(2) $2,278,770,000 for fiscal year 1999.
            ``(3) $2,340,501,000 for fiscal year 2000.
            ``(4) $2,403,661,000 for fiscal year 2001.
            ``(5) $2,468,315,000 for fiscal year 2002.
            ``(6) $2,534,904,000 for fiscal year 2003.
    ``(c) Section 5315.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall make available in 
        equal amounts from amounts provided under paragraphs (3) and 
        (4) of subsection (g) of this section, not more than $4,000,000 
        for each of fiscal years 1998 through 2003, to carry out 
        section 5315.
            ``(2) Workplace safety.--Not more than $1,000,000 shall be 
        appropriated to the Secretary for each of fiscal years 1998 
        through 2003, to carry out section 5315(a)(15).
    ``(d) Section 5316.--Not more than the following amounts may be 
appropriated to the Secretary from the Fund (other than from the 
Account) for each of fiscal years 1998 through 2003:
            ``(1) $250,000 to carry out section 5316(a).
            ``(2) $3,000,000 to carry out section 5316(b).
            ``(3) $1,000,000 to carry out section 5316(c).
            ``(4) $1,000,000 to carry out section 5316(d).
            ``(5) $1,000,000 to carry out section 5316(e).
    ``(e) Section 5317.--Not more than $6,000,000 is available to the 
Secretary from the Fund (other than from the Account) for each of 
fiscal years 1998 through 2003, to carry out section 5317.
    ``(f) Section 5307.--Amounts remaining available for each fiscal 
year under subsection (a) of this section, after allocation under 
subsections (g), (h), and (i)(2) of this section, are available to 
carry out section 5307.
    ``(g) Planning, Programming, and Research.--In each fiscal year, 
before apportioning amounts made available or appropriated under 
subsection (a) of this section, an amount equal to 3 percent of amounts 
made available or appropriated under subsections (a) and (b), less the 
amounts authorized for purposes of section 5320a, of this section is 
available as follows:
            ``(1) 45 percent for metropolitan planning activities under 
        section 5303(g).
            ``(2) 5 percent to carry out section 5311(b)(2).
            ``(3) 20 percent to carry out State programs under section 
        5313.
            ``(4) 30 percent to carry out the national program under 
        section 5314.
    ``(h) Other Set-Asides.--In each fiscal year, before apportioning 
amounts made available or appropriated under subsection (a) of this 
section, of amounts made available or appropriated under subsections 
(a) and (b), less the amounts authorized for purposes of section 5320a, 
of this section--
            ``(1) not more than 0.96 percent is available for 
        administrative expenses to carry out subsections (a) and (c) 
        through (f) of section 5334;
            ``(2) not more than 1.34 percent is available for 
        transportation services to elderly individuals and individuals 
        with disabilities under the formula under section 5310(a); and
            ``(3) $6,000,000 is available to carry out section 5317 for 
        each of fiscal years 1998 through 2003.
    ``(i) Limitations.--Of amounts made available--
            ``(1) under subsection (a)(2), less the amounts authorized 
        for purposes of section 5320a, of this section--
                    ``(A) 3.5 percent may be used to finance programs 
                and activities, including administrative costs, under 
                section 5310;
                    ``(B) to finance research, development, and 
                demonstration projects under section 5312(a), 1.5 
                percent may be used to increase the information and 
                technology available to provide improved mass 
                transportation service and facilities planned and 
                designed to meet the special needs of elderly 
                individuals and individuals with disabilities; and
                    ``(C) not more than 12.5 percent may be used for 
                grants to any 1 State under section 5312(c)(2);
            ``(2) under subsection (a) of this section, less the 
        amounts authorized for purposes of section 5320a, 5.5 percent 
        of the amount remaining available each year, after allocation 
        under subsections (g) and (h) of this section, is available 
        under the formula under section 5311; and
            ``(3) under section 5309(m)(1)(C), the lesser of $3,000,000 
        or an amount that the Secretary determines is necessary for 
        each fiscal year is available to carry out section 5318 for 
        each of fiscal years 1998 through 2003.
    ``(j) Grants as Contractual Obligations.--
            ``(1) Federal obligations.--A grant or contract approved by 
        the Secretary that is financed with amounts made available 
        under subsection (a)(1), (b), (c), (d), or (e) of this section, 
        is a contractual obligation of the United States Government to 
        pay the Government's share of the cost of the project.
            ``(2) Appropriations limitation.--A grant or contract 
        approved by the Secretary that is financed with amounts made 
        available under subsection (a)(2) of this section, is a 
        contractual obligation of the United States Government to pay 
        the Government's share of the cost of the project, only to the 
        extent that amounts are provided in advance in an 
        appropriations Act.
    ``(k) Early Appropriations and Availability of Amounts.--
            ``(1) Early appropriation.--Amounts appropriated under 
        subsection (a)(2) of this section to carry out section 5311 may 
        be appropriated in the fiscal year before the fiscal year in 
        which the appropriation is available for obligation.
            ``(2) Availability of amounts.--Amounts made available or 
        appropriated under subsections (a), (b), and (g), paragraphs 
        (1) and (2) of subsection (h), and subsection (i)(2) of this 
        section shall remain available until expended.
    ``(l) Section 5308.--In each fiscal year, before apportioning or 
allocating amounts made available or appropriated under subsections (a) 
and (b), of amounts made available or appropriated under subsections 
(a) or (b) of this section, not more than $200,000,000 is available to 
carry out section 5308, with $100,000,000 made available from amounts 
made available from amounts provided under subsection (a)(2) of this 
section and $100,000,000 made available from amounts provided under 
subsection (b) of this section.
    ``(m) Section 5320a.--In each fiscal year, before apportioning 
amounts made available or appropriated under subsection (a), of amounts 
appropriated under subsection (a)(2) of this section, not more than 
$100,000,000 is available to carry out section 5320a.
    ``(n) Definitions.--In this section--
            ``(1) the term `Account' means the Mass Transit Account of 
        the Highway Trust Fund;
            ``(2) the term `Fund' means the Highway Trust Fund 
        established under section 9503 of the Internal Revenue Code of 
        1986; and
            ``(3) the term `Secretary' means the Secretary of 
        Transportation.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--Chapter 53 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in section 5318(d), by striking ``5338(j)(5)'' and 
        inserting ``5338(i)(3)''; and
            (2) in section 5333(b)(1), by striking ``5338(j)(5)'' each 
        place that term appears and inserting ``5338(i)(3)''.

SEC. 3. CAPITAL PROJECTS AND SMALL AREA FLEXIBILITY.

    (a) In General.--Section 5302 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``intelligent 
                transportation systems,'' after ``rights agreements,'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``or'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) preventive maintenance;
                    ``(F) the leasing of equipment and facilities for 
                use in mass transportation;
                    ``(G) the introduction of new technology, through 
                innovative and improved products, into mass 
                transportation; or
                    ``(H) a mass transportation improvement that 
                enhances economic development or incorporates private 
                investment, including commercial and residential 
                development, pedestrian and bicycle access to a mass 
                transportation facility, and the renovation and 
                improvement of historic transportation facilities, 
                because the improvement--
                            ``(i) enhances the effectiveness of a mass 
                        transportation project and is related 
                        physically or functionally to that mass 
                        transportation project or establishes new or 
                        enhanced coordination between mass 
                        transportation and other transportation; and
                            ``(ii) provides a fair share of revenue for 
                        mass transportation that will be used for mass 
                        transportation;''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Eligible Costs of Projects That Enhance Urban Economic 
Development or Incorporate Private Investment.--Eligible costs for a 
capital project described in subsection (a)(1)(H)--
            ``(1) include property acquisition, demolition of existing 
        structures, site preparation, utilities, building foundations, 
        walkways, open space, safety elements (such as lighting, 
        surveillance, and community police and security services) that 
        protect a transit project eligible under this chapter, and a 
        capital project for, and improving, equipment or a facility for 
        an intermodal transfer facility or transportation mall; and
            ``(2) do not include construction of a commercial revenue-
        producing facility or a part of a public facility not related 
        to mass transportation, except that, if such facilities 
        incorporate community services such as daycare, health care, 
        and public safety, the portion of the facilities related to 
        such community services are eligible costs under this 
        chapter.''.
    (b) Small Area Flexibility.--Section 5307(b)(1) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: ``The 
Secretary may also make grants under this section to finance the 
operating cost of equipment and facilities for use in mass 
transportation in an urbanized area with a population of less than 
200,000.''.
    (c) Discretionary Grants and Loans.--Section 5309 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1)--
                    (A) by striking subparagraphs (D) and (E); and
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (F) and (G) as 
                subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively; and
            (2) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) by striking ``(f)'' and all that follows 
                through ``(1) Each'' and inserting the following:
    ``(f) Required Payments.--Each''; and
                    (B) by striking paragraph (2).

SEC. 4. METROPOLITAN PLANNING.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Section 5303.--Section 5303 of title 49, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) by striking subsections (a) and (b) and 
                inserting the following:
    ``(a) Development Requirements.--
            ``(1) In general.--To carry out section 5301(a), 
        metropolitan planning organizations designated under subsection 
        (c) of this section, in cooperation with the States and mass 
        transportation operators, shall develop transportation plans 
        and programs for urbanized areas of the State.
            ``(2) Plan contents.--The plans and programs developed 
        under paragraph (1) for each metropolitan area shall provide 
        for the development and integrated management and operation of 
        transportation systems and facilities (including pedestrian 
        walkways and bicycle transportation facilities) that will 
        function as an intermodal transportation system for the 
        metropolitan area and as an integral part of an intermodal 
        transportation system for the State and the United States.
            ``(3) Development process.--The development process for the 
        plans and programs shall provide for consideration of all modes 
        of transportation and shall be continuing, cooperative, and 
        comprehensive to the degree appropriate, based on the 
        complexity of the transportation problems to be addressed.
    ``(b) Scope of Planning Process.--
            ``(1) In general.--The metropolitan transportation planning 
        process for a metropolitan area under this section and sections 
        5304 through 5306 shall provide for consideration of--
                    ``(A) supporting the economic vitality of the 
                metropolitan area, especially by enabling global 
                competitiveness, productivity, and efficiency;
                    ``(B) increasing the safety and security of the 
                transportation system for motorized and nonmotorized 
                users;
                    ``(C) increasing the accessibility and mobility 
                options available to people and for freight;
                    ``(D) protecting and enhancing the environment, 
                promoting energy conservation and improved quality of 
                life, and coordinating land-use and transportation 
                plans and programs;
                    ``(E) enhancing the integration and connectivity of 
                the transportation system, across and between modes, 
                for people and freight;
                    ``(F) promoting efficient system management and 
                operation; and
                    ``(G) emphasizing the preservation of the existing 
                transportation system.
            ``(2) Goals.--In cooperation with the State and mass 
        transportation operators, and with opportunity for public 
        review and comment, the metropolitan planning organization 
        shall establish goals that relate to the factors described in 
        paragraph (1), and propose projects, programs, and strategies 
        to achieve those goals.'';
                    (B) in subsection (c)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking 
                        subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:
            ``(A) by agreement between the chief executive officer of 
        the State and units of general purpose local government that 
        together represent not less than 60 percent of the affected 
        population (including the central city, as defined by the 
        Bureau of the Census) and 60 percent of such units of 
        government; or'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) by striking ``In a metropolitan 
                                area'' and all that follows through 
                                ``shall include'' and inserting ``Each 
                                policy board of a metropolitan planning 
                                organization that serves an area 
                                designated as a transportation 
                                management area when designated or 
                                redesignated under this subsection 
                                shall consist of''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``officials of 
                                authorities'' and inserting ``officials 
                                of public agencies'';
                            (iii) in paragraph (3), by striking ``in an 
                        urbanized area'' and all that follows through 
                        ``officer decides'' and inserting ``within an 
                        existing metropolitan planning area only if the 
                        chief executive officer of the State and the 
                        existing metropolitan organization determine''; 
                        and
                            (iv) in paragraph (5)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A)--
                                            (aa) by striking ``75'' and 
                                        inserting ``60''; and
                                            (bb) by striking ``as 
                                        defined by the Secretary of 
                                        Commerce)'' and inserting ``or 
cities, as defined by the Bureau of the Census) and 60 percent of such 
units of government''; and
                                    (II) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
    ``(D) Designations of metropolitan planning organizations, whether 
made under this section or under any other provision of law, shall 
remain in effect until redesignation under this paragraph.'';
                    (C) in subsection (d)--
                            (i) by inserting ``(1)'' before ``To carry 
                        out this section'';
                            (ii) by striking ``Secretary of Commerce'' 
                        and inserting ``Bureau of the Census'';
                            (iii) by inserting ``in existence as of the 
                        date of enactment of the Intermodal Surface 
                        Transportation Efficiency Act of 1997'' after 
                        ``at least the boundaries of the nonattainment 
                        area'';
                            (iv) by inserting ``, in the manner 
                        described in subsection (c)(5)'' before the 
                        period at the end; and
                            (v) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(2) In the case of an urbanized area classified as a 
nonattainment area for ozone or carbon monoxide under the Clean Air Act 
(42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) after the date of enactment of the Intermodal 
Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1997--
            ``(A) the boundaries of the metropolitan planning area 
        shall be established by agreement between the appropriate units 
        of general purpose local government (including the central 
        city) and the chief executive officer of the State; and
            ``(B) the area shall include at least the urbanized area 
        and the contiguous area expected to become urbanized within the 
        20-year forecast period, and may include the Metropolitan 
        Statistical Area or Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area, 
        as determined by the Bureau of the Census, and any area 
        identified as a nonattainment area for ozone or carbon monoxide 
        under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.).'';
                    (D) in subsection (e)--
                            (i) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``or compact'' 
                                after ``agreement'' the first place 
                                that term appears''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``making the 
                                agreement effective'' and inserting 
                                ``making the agreements and compacts 
                                effective''; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(4) To the maximum extent practicable, each metropolitan planning 
organization shall coordinate with governmental agencies and nonprofit 
organizations operating within an existing metropolitan planning area 
that receive assistance from governmental sources (other than the 
Department of Transportation) to provide nonemergency transportation 
services. Such governmental agencies and nonprofit organizations shall 
participate and coordinate with recipients of assistance under this 
chapter in the design and delivery of transportation services. The 
purpose of such coordination is to maximize the efficient use of 
resources and to integrate all such services to ensure accessibility 
and mobility.''; and
                    (E) in subsection (f)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by 
                                striking ``United States and regional 
                                functions'' and inserting ``national, 
                                regional, and metropolitan 
                                transportation functions'';
                                    (II) in subparagraph (B), by 
                                striking clause (iii) and inserting the 
                                following:
                    ``(iii) recommends any additional financing 
                strategies for needed projects and programs;''; and
                                    (III) by striking subparagraph (C) 
                                and inserting the following:
            ``(C) identify transportation strategies necessary--
                    ``(i) to ensure preservation, including 
                requirements for management, operation, modernization, 
                and rehabilitation, of the existing and future 
                transportation system; and
                    ``(ii) to use existing transportation facilities 
                most efficiently to relieve congestion, to efficiently 
                serve the mobility needs of people and goods, and to 
                enhance access within the metropolitan planning area; 
                and'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``as 
                        they are related to a 20-year forecast period'' 
                        and inserting ``and any State or local goals 
                        developed within the cooperative metropolitan 
                        planning process as they relate to a 20-year 
                        forecast period and to other forecast periods 
                        as determined by the participants in the 
                        planning process. In developing long-range 
                        plans, the metropolitan planning organization 
                        shall take into account the impact of all 
                        transportation projects and development plans 
                        that will affect the transportation system in 
                        the metropolitan area, without regard to 
                        whether such projects are financed with Federal 
                        funds'';
                            (iii) in paragraph (4), by inserting 
                        ``freight shippers,'' after ``employees,''; and
                            (iv) in paragraph (5)(A), by inserting 
                        ``published or otherwise'' before ``made 
                        readily available''.
    (b) Metropolitan Transportation Improvement Program.--Section 5304 
of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), in the second sentence, by striking 
        ``the organization'' and inserting ``the metropolitan planning 
        organization, in cooperation with the chief executive officer 
        of the State and any affected mass transportation operator,'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(2), by striking subparagraph (C) and 
        inserting the following:
                    ``(C) identifies innovative financing techniques to 
                finance projects, programs, and strategies.''; and
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``and the 
                designated recipient under this chapter'' after 
                ``metropolitan planning organization''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, action by the 
Secretary shall not be required to advance a project included in the 
approved transportation improvement program in place of another project 
of higher priority in the program, except where the project is relevant 
to conformity with the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.).
    ``(4) A transportation improvement program and the annual selection 
of projects involving Government participation shall be published or 
otherwise made readily available for public review, identifying 
federally funded projects, and the estimated costs and locations of 
those projects.
    ``(5) Regionally significant projects proposed for funding under 
chapter 2 of title 23 shall be identified individually in the 
transportation improvement program. All other projects funded under 
chapter 2 of title 23 shall be grouped in 1 line item or identified 
individually in the transportation improvement program.''.
    (c) Transportation Management Areas.--Section 5305 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking paragraph (2) and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(2) any other area, if requested by the chief executive 
        officer and the metropolitan planning organization designated 
        for the area.'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by inserting ``affected'' before 
        ``mass transportation operators'';
            (3) in subsection (c), by striking ``The Secretary'' and 
        all that follows through the final period;
            (4) in subsection (d)(1)(A)--
                    (A) by inserting ``and any affected mass 
                transportation operator'' after ``the State''; and
                    (B) by striking ``or under the Bridge and 
                Interstate Maintenance programs'';
            (5) in subsection (d)(1)(B), by striking ``or under the 
        Bridge and Interstate Maintenance programs''; and
            (6) in subsection (e), by striking paragraph (2) and 
        inserting the following:
    ``(2)(A) If a metropolitan planning process is not certified or is 
certified conditionally, the Secretary may withhold not more than 20 
percent of the apportioned funds attributable to the transportation 
management area under this chapter and title 23, or may establish such 
other conditions as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.
    ``(B) Any apportionments withheld under subparagraph (A) shall be 
restored to the metropolitan area at such time as the metropolitan 
planning organization is certified by the Secretary.''.
    (d) Statewide Planning.--
            (1) In general.--Chapter 53 of title 49, United States 
        Code, is amended by inserting after section 5305 the following:
``Sec. 5305a. Statewide planning
    ``(a) Development Requirements.--
            ``(1) In general.--To carry out sections 5303 through 5305 
        of this chapter and section 134 of title 23, each State shall 
        develop transportation plans and programs for all areas of the 
        State, which shall provide for the development and integrated 
        management and operation of transportation systems (including 
        pedestrian walkways and bicycle transportation facilities) that 
        will function as an intermodal State transportation system and 
        an integral part of the intermodal transportation system of the 
        United States.
            ``(2) Specific requirements.--The development of the plans 
        and programs under paragraph (1) shall--
                    ``(A) provide for consideration of all modes of 
                transportation; and
                    ``(B) be continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive 
                to the degree appropriate, based on the complexity of 
                the transportation problems to be addressed.
    ``(b) Scope of Planning Process.--
            ``(1) In general.--Each State shall carry out a 
        transportation planning process under this section, which shall 
        provide for consideration of--
                    ``(A) supporting the economic vitality of the 
                metropolitan area, especially by enabling global 
                competitiveness, productivity, and efficiency;
                    ``(B) increasing the safety and security of the 
                transportation system for motorized and nonmotorized 
                users;
                    ``(C) increasing the accessibility and mobility 
                options available to people and for freight;
                    ``(D) protecting and enhancing the environment, 
                promoting energy conservation and improved quality of 
                life, and coordinating land-use and transportation 
                plans and programs;
                    ``(E) enhancing the integration and connectivity of 
                the transportation system, across and between modes, 
                for people and freight;
                    ``(F) promoting efficient system management and 
                operation; and
                    ``(G) emphasizing the preservation of the existing 
                transportation system.
            ``(2) Goals.--In cooperation with the metropolitan planning 
        organization and mass transportation operators, and with 
        opportunity for public review and comment, the State shall 
        establish goals that relate to the factors described in 
        paragraph (1), and propose projects, programs, and strategies 
        to achieve those goals.
    ``(c) Coordination With Metropolitan Planning; State Implementation 
Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--In carrying out the planning under this 
        section, a State shall--
                    ``(A) coordinate the planning with the 
                transportation planning activities carried out under 
                sections 5303 through 5305 of this chapter and section 
                134 of title 23, for metropolitan areas of the State;
                    ``(B) carry out the responsibilities of the State 
                for the development of the transportation portion of 
                the State air quality implementation plan, to the 
                extent required by the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et 
                seq.); and
                    ``(C) to the maximum extent practicable, coordinate 
                with all other governmental agencies and nonprofit 
                organizations operating within the State planning area 
                that receive assistance from governmental sources 
                (other than the Department of Transportation) to 
                provide nonemergency transportation services.
            ``(2) Participation.--The governmental agencies and 
        nonprofit organizations described in paragraph (1)(C) shall 
        participate and coordinate with recipients of assistance under 
        this chapter in the design and delivery of transportation 
        services.
            ``(3) Purpose of coordination.--The purpose of coordination 
        under this subsection is to maximize the efficient use of 
        resources and to integrate all such services to ensure 
        accessibility and mobility.
    ``(d) Additional Requirements.--In carrying out planning under this 
section, each State shall, at a minimum, consider--
            ``(1) with respect to nonmetropolitan areas, the concerns 
        of local elected officials representing units of general 
        purpose local government;
            ``(2) the concerns of Indian tribal governments and Federal 
        land management agencies that have jurisdiction over land 
        within the boundaries of the State; and
            ``(3) coordination of transportation plans, programs, and 
        planning activities with related planning activities being 
        carried out outside of metropolitan planning areas.
    ``(e) Long-Range Transportation Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--Each State shall develop a long-range 
        transportation plan, with a minimum 20-year forecast period, 
        for all areas of the State, that provides for the development 
        and implementation of the intermodal transportation system of 
        the State.
            ``(2) Cooperation.--With respect to each metropolitan area 
        in the State, the long-range transportation plan referred to in 
        paragraph (1) shall be developed in cooperation with the 
        metropolitan planning organization designated for the 
        metropolitan area under section 5303 and section 134 of title 
        23. With respect to each nonmetropolitan area, the long-range 
        transportation plan shall be developed in consultation with 
        local elected officials representing units of general purpose 
        local government. With respect to each area of the State under 
        the jurisdiction of an Indian tribal government, the long-range 
        transportation plan shall be developed in consultation with the 
        tribal government and the Secretary of the Interior.
            ``(3) Opportunity for comment.--In developing the long-
        range transportation plan under this subsection, the State 
        shall provide citizens, affected public agencies, 
        representatives of transportation authority employees, other 
        affected employee representatives, freight shippers, private 
        providers of transportation, and other interested parties with 
        a reasonable opportunity to comment on the proposed plan.
            ``(4) Transportation strategies.--The long-range 
        transportation plan developed under this subsection shall 
        identify transportation strategies necessary to efficiently 
        serve the mobility needs of individuals.
    ``(f) State Transportation Improvement Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The State shall develop a transportation 
        improvement program for all areas of the State.
            ``(2) Cooperation.--With respect to each metropolitan area 
        in the State, the transportation improvement program under this 
        subsection shall be developed in cooperation with the 
        metropolitan planning organization designated for the 
        metropolitan area under section 5303 and section 134 of title 
        23. With respect to each nonmetropolitan area, the program 
        shall be developed in consultation with local elected officials 
        representing units of general purpose local government. With 
        respect to each area of the State under the jurisdiction of an 
        Indian tribal government, the program shall be developed in 
        consultation with the tribal government and the Secretary of 
        the Interior.
            ``(3) Opportunity for comment.--In developing the 
        transportation improvement program under this subsection, the 
        State shall provide citizens, affected public agencies, 
        representatives of transportation authority employees, other 
        affected employee representatives, freight shippers, private 
        providers of transportation, and other interested parties with 
        a reasonable opportunity to comment on the proposed program.
            ``(4) Required information.--A transportation improvement 
        program developed for a State under this subsection shall 
        include federally supported surface transportation expenditures 
        within the boundaries of the State. Regionally significant 
        projects proposed for funding under chapter 2 of title 23 shall 
        be identified individually. All other projects funded under 
        chapter 2 of title 23 shall be grouped in 1 line item or 
        identified individually in the transportation improvement 
        program.
            ``(5) Specific requirements.--Each project shall--
                    ``(A) be consistent with the long-range 
                transportation plan developed under this section for 
                the State;
                    ``(B) be identical to the project described in an 
                approved metropolitan transportation improvement 
                program; and
                    ``(C) be in conformance with the applicable State 
                air quality implementation plan developed under the 
                Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.), if the project 
                is carried out in an area designated as nonattainment 
                for ozone or carbon monoxide under that Act.
            ``(6) Projects.--The transportation improvement program 
        developed under this subsection shall include a project, or an 
        identified phase of a project, only if full funding can 
        reasonably be anticipated to be available for the project 
        within the time period contemplated for completion of the 
        project.
            ``(7) Priorities.--The transportation improvement program 
        developed under this subsection shall reflect the priorities 
        for programming and expenditures of funds, including 
        transportation enhancements, required by this chapter.
            ``(8) Small areas.--Projects carried out in areas with 
        populations of less than 50,000--
                    ``(A) excluding projects carried out on the 
                National Highway System, shall be selected from the 
                approved statewide transportation improvement program 
                by the State in cooperation with the affected local 
                officials; and
                    ``(B) on the National Highway System, shall be 
                selected from the approved statewide transportation 
                improvement program by the State, in consultation with 
                the affected local officials.
            ``(9) Review.--A transportation improvement program 
        developed under this subsection shall be reviewed and, on a 
        finding that the planning process through which the program was 
        developed is consistent with this section and section 5303, 
        approved not less frequently than biennially by the Secretary. 
        Notwithstanding any other provision of law, action by the 
        Secretary shall not be required to advance a project included 
        in the approved statewide transportation improvement program in 
        place of another project of higher priority in the program, 
        except where the project is relevant to conformity with the 
        Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.).
    ``(g) Available Funds.--Amounts set aside under section 5313(b) of 
this chapter and section 505 of title 23 shall be available to carry 
out this section.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The analysis for chapter 53 of 
        title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the 
        item relating to section 5305 the following:

    ``5305a.  Statewide planning.''.

SEC. 5. METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS.

    Section 5303(c)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
striking ``and appropriate State officials'' and inserting 
``appropriate State officials, and a representative of the users of 
public transit''.

SEC. 6. FARE BOX REVENUES.

    (a) Block Grants.--Section 5307(e) of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended--
            (1) in the first sentence, by striking ``A grant of'' and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--A grant of'';
            (2) in the fourth sentence, by striking ``or revenues 
        from'' and all that follows through ``1985)'';
            (3) in the last sentence, by inserting ``proceeds from a 
        local issuance of debt,'' after ``cash fund or reserve,''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Maintenance of effort.--The credit given for the use 
        of proceeds from a local issuance of debt in meeting the non-
        federal share under paragraph (1) shall not reduce or replace 
        State monies required to match Federal funds for any program 
        pursuant to this chapter. In receiving a credit for non-federal 
        capital expenditures under this section, a State shall enter 
        into such agreements as the Secretary may require to ensure 
        that the State will maintain its non-federal transportation 
        capital expenditures at or above the average level of such 
        expenditures for the preceding 3 fiscal years.''.
    (b) Discretionary Grants and Loans.--Section 5309(h) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended in the fourth sentence, by inserting 
``proceeds from a local issuance of debt,'' after ``cash fund or 
reserve.''.

SEC. 7. CLEAN FUELS FORMULA GRANT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 5308 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 5308. Clean fuels formula grant program
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section--
            ``(1) the term `designated recipient' has the same meaning 
        as in section 5307(a);
            ``(2) the term `eligible project'--
                    ``(A) means a project for the--
                            ``(i) purchase or lease of clean fuel 
                        vehicles or hybrid transit vehicles, including 
                        clean fuel vehicles that employ a lightweight 
                        composite primary structure;
                            ``(ii) construction or leasing of clean 
                        fuel vehicle fueling or electrical recharging 
                        facilities and related equipment;
                            ``(iii) improvement of existing transit 
                        facilities to accommodate clean fuel vehicles; 
                        or
                            ``(iv) incremental costs of biodiesel fuel; 
                        and
                    ``(B) in the discretion of the Secretary, may 
                include projects relating to clean fuel, biodiesel, 
                hybrid electric, or zero emissions technology vehicles 
                that exhibit equivalent or superior emissions 
                reductions to existing clean fuel or hybrid electric 
                technologies; and
            ``(3) the term `Secretary' means the Secretary of 
        Transportation.
    ``(b) Authority.--The Secretary shall make grants in accordance 
with this section to designated recipients to finance eligible 
projects.
    ``(c) Application.--Not later than January 1 of each year, any 
designated recipient seeking to apply for a grant under this section 
for an eligible project shall submit an application to the Secretary, 
in such form and in accordance with such requirements as the Secretary 
shall establish by regulation.
    ``(d) Apportionment of Funds.--
            ``(1) Formula.--Not later than February 1 of each year, the 
        Secretary shall apportion amounts made available under this 
        section to designated recipients submitting applications under 
        subsection (c) in accordance with the following:
                    ``(A) Two-thirds of the amount made available under 
                this section shall be apportioned to designated 
                recipients with eligible projects in urban areas with a 
                population of not less than 1,000,000 as follows:
                            ``(i) 50 percent shall be apportioned, such 
                        that each such designated recipient receives a 
                        grant in an amount equal to the ratio between--
                                    ``(I) the number of vehicles in the 
                                bus fleet of the eligible project of 
                                the designated recipient, weighted by 
                                severity of nonattainment for the area 
                                in which the eligible project is 
                                located, as provided in paragraph (2); 
                                and
                                    ``(II) the total number of vehicles 
                                in the bus fleets of all eligible 
                                projects in areas with a population of 
                                not less than 1,000,000 funded under 
                                this section, weighted by severity of 
                                nonattainment for all areas in which 
                                those eligible projects are located, as 
                                provided in paragraph (2).
                            ``(ii) 50 percent of the amount made 
                        available under this section shall be 
                        apportioned, such that each such designated 
                        recipient receives a grant in an amount equal 
                        to the ratio between--
                                    ``(I) the number of bus passenger 
                                miles (as that term is defined in 
                                section 5336(c)) of the eligible 
                                project of the designated recipient, 
                                weighted by severity of nonattainment 
                                of the area in which the eligible 
                                project is located, as provided in 
                                paragraph (2); and
                                    ``(II) the total number of bus 
                                passenger miles of all eligible 
                                projects in areas with a population of 
                                not less than 1,000,000 funded under 
                                this section, weighted by severity of 
                                nonattainment of all areas in which 
                                those eligible projects are located, as 
                                provided in paragraph (2).
                    ``(B) One-third of the amount made available under 
                this section shall be apportioned to designated 
                recipients with eligible projects in urban areas with a 
                population of less than 1,000,000 as follows:
                            ``(i) 50 percent shall be apportioned, such 
                        that each such designated recipient receives a 
                        grant in an amount equal to the ratio between--
                                    ``(I) the number of vehicles in the 
                                bus fleet of the eligible project of 
                                the designated recipient, weighted by 
                                severity of nonattainment for the area 
                                in which the eligible project is 
                                located, as provided in paragraph (2); 
                                and
                                    ``(II) the total number of vehicles 
                                in the bus fleets of all eligible 
                                projects in areas with a population of 
                                less than 1,000,000 funded under this 
                                section, weighted by severity of 
                                nonattainment for all areas in which 
                                those eligible projects are located, as 
                                provided in paragraph (2).
                            ``(ii) 50 percent of the amount made 
                        available under this section shall be 
                        apportioned, such that each such designated 
                        recipient receives a grant in an amount equal 
                        to the ratio between--
                                    ``(I) the number of bus passenger 
                                miles (as that term is defined in 
                                section 5336(c)) of the eligible 
                                project of the designated recipient, 
                                weighted by severity of nonattainment 
                                of the area in which the eligible 
                                project is located, as provided in 
                                paragraph (2); and
                                    ``(II) the total number of bus 
                                passenger miles of all eligible 
                                projects in areas with a population of 
                                less than 1,000,000 funded under this 
                                section, weighted by severity of 
                                nonattainment of all areas in which 
                                those eligible projects are located, as 
                                provided in paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Weighting of severity of nonattainment.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For purposes of paragraph (1), 
                subject to subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, the 
                number of clean fuel vehicles in the fleet, or the 
                number of passenger miles, shall be multiplied by a 
                factor of--
                            ``(i) 1.0 if, at the time of the 
                        apportionment, the area is a maintenance area 
                        (as that term is defined in section 101 of 
                        title 23) for ozone or carbon monoxide;
                            ``(ii) 1.1 if, at the time of the 
                        apportionment, the area is classified as--
                                    ``(I) a marginal ozone 
                                nonattainment area under subpart 2 of 
                                part D of title I of the Clean Air Act 
                                (42 U.S.C. 7511 et seq.); or
                                    ``(II) a marginal carbon monoxide 
                                nonattainment area under subpart 3 of 
                                part D of title I of that Act (42 
                                U.S.C. 7512 et seq.);
                            ``(iii) 1.2 if, at the time of the 
                        apportionment, the area is classified as--
                                    ``(I) a moderate ozone 
                                nonattainment area under subpart 2 of 
                                part D of title I of the Clean Air Act 
                                (42 U.S.C. 7511 et seq.); or
                                    ``(II) a moderate carbon monoxide 
                                nonattainment area under subpart 3 of 
                                part D of title I of that Act (42 
                                U.S.C. 7512 et seq.);
                            ``(iv) 1.3 if, at the time of the 
                        apportionment, the area is classified as--
                                    ``(I) a serious ozone nonattainment 
                                area under subpart 2 of part D of title 
                                I of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7511 
                                et seq.); or
                                    ``(II) a serious carbon monoxide 
                                nonattainment area under subpart 3 of 
part D of title I of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7512 et seq.);
                            ``(v) 1.4 if, at the time of the 
                        apportionment, the area is classified as--
                                    ``(I) a severe ozone nonattainment 
                                area under subpart 2 of part D of title 
                                I of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7511 
                                et seq.); or
                                    ``(II) a severe carbon monoxide 
                                nonattainment area under subpart 3 of 
                                part D of title I of that Act (42 
                                U.S.C. 7512 et seq.); or
                            ``(vi) 1.5 if, at the time of the 
                        apportionment, the area is classified as--
                                    ``(I) an extreme ozone 
                                nonattainment area under subpart 2 of 
                                part D of title I of the Clean Air Act 
                                (42 U.S.C. 7511 et seq.); or
                                    ``(II) an extreme carbon monoxide 
                                nonattainment area under subpart 3 of 
                                part D of title I of that Act (42 
                                U.S.C. 7512 et seq.).
                    ``(B) Additional adjustment for carbon monoxide 
                areas.--If, in addition to being classified as a 
                nonattainment or maintenance area (as that term is 
                defined in section 101 of title 23) for ozone under 
                subpart 2 of part D of title I of the Clean Air Act (42 
                U.S.C. 7511 et seq.), the area was also classified 
                under subpart 3 of part D of title I of that Act (42 
                U.S.C. 7512 et seq.) as a nonattainment area for carbon 
                monoxide, the weighted nonattainment or maintenance 
                area fleet and passenger miles for the eligible 
                project, as calculated under subparagraph (A), shall be 
                further multiplied by a factor of 1.2.
            ``(3) Maximum grant amount.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The amount of a grant made to a 
                designated recipient under this section shall not 
                exceed the lesser of--
                            ``(i) for an eligible project in an area--
                                    ``(I) with a population of less 
                                than 1,000,000, $15,000,000; and
                                    ``(II) with a population of not 
                                less than 1,000,000, $25,000,000; or
                            ``(ii) 80 percent of the total cost of the 
                        eligible project.
                    ``(B) Reapportionment.--Any amounts that would 
                otherwise be apportioned to a designated recipient 
                under this subsection that exceed the amount described 
                in subparagraph (A) shall be reapportioned among other 
                designated recipients in accordance with paragraph (1).
    ``(e) Authorization.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), in each fiscal 
        year, $200,000,000 shall be made available or appropriated 
        under subsections (a) and (b) of section 5338 to carry out this 
        section.
            ``(2) Additional requirement.--Notwithstanding any other 
        provision of this section, not less than 5 percent of the 
        amount apportioned under this section in each fiscal year shall 
        be apportioned to fund any eligible projects, for which an 
        application is received from a designated recipient in 
        accordance with subsection (a), for--
                    ``(A) the purchase or construction of hybrid 
                electric or battery-powered buses; or
                    ``(B) facilities specifically designed to service 
                those buses.
    ``(f) Availability of Funds.--Any amount made available or 
appropriated under this section--
            ``(1) shall remain available for 1 year after the fiscal 
        year for which the amount is made available or appropriated; 
        and
            ``(2) that remains unobligated at the end of the period 
        described in paragraph (1), shall be added to the amount made 
        available in the following fiscal year.''.
    (b) Definition of Clean Fuel Vehicle.--Section 5302(a) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in each of paragraphs (2) through (12), by striking the 
        period at the end and inserting a semicolon;
            (2) in paragraph (13), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(14) `clean fuel vehicle' means a vehicle powered by 
        compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, biodiesel fuels, 
        batteries, alcohol-based fuels, or hybrid electric, fuel cell, 
        or other zero emissions technology.''.
    (c) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 53 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 
5308 and inserting the following:

``5308. Clean fuels formula grant program.''.

SEC. 8. CAPITAL INVESTMENT GRANTS AND LOANS.

    (a) In General.--Section 5309 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended in the section heading, by striking ``Discretionary'' and 
inserting ``Capital investment''.
    (b) Allocating Amounts.--Section 5309(m)(1) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``Of the amounts available for 
grants and loans under this section for each of the fiscal years ending 
September 30, 1993-1997'' and inserting ``After apportioning amounts 
for the purposes of section 5308, of the amounts available for grants 
and loans under this section for each of fiscal years 1993 through 
2003''.
    (c) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 53 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended in the item relating to section 5309, by 
striking ``Discretionary'' and inserting ``Capital investment''.

SEC. 9. TRANSIT SUPPORTIVE LAND USE.

    Section 5309(e)(3)(B) of title 49, United States Code, is amended 
by inserting ``, and recognize reductions in local infrastructure costs 
achieved through compact land use development'' before the semicolon.

SEC. 10. NEW STARTS.

    Section 5309(m) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
    ``(5) Not more than 8 percent of the amount made available under 
paragraph (1)(B) in any fiscal year shall be available for activities 
other than final design and construction.''.

SEC. 11. JOINT PARTNERSHIP FOR DEPLOYMENT OF INNOVATION.

    Section 5312 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(d) Joint Partnership Program for Deployment of Innovation.--
            ``(1) Definition of consortium.--In this subsection, the 
        term `consortium'--
                    ``(A) means--
                            ``(i) 1 or more public or private 
                        organizations located in the United States, 
                        that provides mass transportation service to 
                        the public; and
                            ``(ii) 1 or more businesses, including 
                        small- and medium-sized businesses, 
                        incorporated in a State, offering goods or 
                        services or willing to offer goods and services 
                        to mass transportation operators; and
                    ``(B) may include, as additional members, public or 
                private research organizations located in the United 
                States, or State or local governmental authorities.
            ``(2) General authority.--The Secretary may, under terms 
        and conditions that the Secretary prescribes, enter into 
        grants, contracts, cooperative agreements, and other agreements 
        with consortia selected in accordance with paragraph (4), to 
        promote the early deployment of innovation in mass 
        transportation technology, services, management, or operational 
        practices. This paragraph shall be carried out in consultation 
        with the transit industry by competitively selected public/
        private partnerships that will share costs, risks, and rewards 
        of early deployment of innovation with broad applicability.
            ``(3) Consortium contribution.--A consortium assisted under 
        this subsection shall provide not less than 50 percent of the 
        costs of any joint partnership project. Any business, 
        organization, person, or governmental body may contribute funds 
        to a joint partnership project.
            ``(4) Notice requirement.--The Secretary shall periodically 
        give public notice of the technical areas for which joint 
        partnerships are solicited, required qualifications of 
        consortia desiring to participate, the method of selection and 
        evaluation criteria to be used in selecting participating 
        consortia and projects, and the process by which innovation 
        projects described in paragraph (1) will be awarded.
            ``(5) Use of revenues.--The Secretary shall, to the maximum 
        extent practicable, accept a portion of the revenues resulting 
        from sales of an innovation project funded under this section, 
        to be credited to the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust 
        Fund and used for joint partnership projects in accordance with 
        this subsection.''.

SEC. 12. WORKPLACE SAFETY.

    Section 5315(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (13), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (14), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(15) workplace safety.''.

SEC. 13. UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION CENTERS.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter IV of chapter 52 of title 49, United 
States Code (as added by section 2003(a) of this Act), is repealed 
effective 1 day after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (b) Repeal.--
            (1) In general.--Section 2003(b) of this Act, and the 
        amendments made by that section, are repealed effective 1 day 
        after the date of enactment of this Act.
            (2) Applicability.--Effective 1 day after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, sections 5316 and 5317 of title 49, 
        United States Code, and the items relating to sections 5316 and 
        5317 in the analysis for chapter 53 of title 49, United States 
        Code, shall be applied and administered as if section 2003(b) 
        of this Act had not been enacted.

SEC. 14. JOB ACCESS GRANTS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) two-thirds of all new jobs are in the suburbs, whereas 
        three-quarters of welfare recipients live in rural areas or 
        central cities;
            (2) even in metropolitan areas with excellent public 
        transit systems, less than half of the jobs are accessible by 
        transit;
            (3) in 1991, the median price of a new car was equivalent 
        to 25 weeks of salary for the average worker, and considerably 
        more for the low-income worker;
            (4) not fewer than 9,000,000 households and 10,000,000 
        Americans of driving age, most of whom are low-income workers, 
        do not own cars;
            (5) 94 percent of welfare recipients do not own cars;
            (6) nearly 40 percent of workers with annual incomes below 
        $10,000 do not commute by car;
            (7) many of the 2,000,000 Americans who will have their 
        Temporary Assistance to Needy Families grants (under the State 
        program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security 
        Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)) terminated by the year 2002 will 
        be unable to get to jobs they could otherwise hold; and
            (8) increasing the transit options for low-income workers, 
        especially those who are receiving or who have recently 
        received welfare benefits, will increase the likelihood of 
        those workers getting and keeping jobs.
    (b) Grant Authority.--
            (1) In general.--Chapter 53 of title 49, United States 
        Code, is amended by inserting after section 5320 the following:
``Sec. 5320a. Access to jobs
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Eligible low-income individual.--The term `eligible 
        low-income individual' means an individual whose family income 
        is at or below 150 percent of the poverty line (as that term is 
        defined in section 673(2) of the Community Services Block Grant 
        Act (42 U.S.C. 9902(2)), including any revision required by 
        that section) for a family of the size involved.
            ``(2) Eligible project.--The term `eligible project' means 
        a project relating to the development of transportation 
        services designed to transport welfare recipients and eligible 
        low-income individuals to and from jobs and activities related 
        to their employment, including--
                    ``(A) capital projects and to finance operating 
                costs of equipment, facilities, and associated capital 
                maintenance items related to providing access to jobs 
                under this section;
                    ``(B) promoting the use of transit by workers with 
                nontraditional work schedules;
                    ``(C) promoting the use by appropriate agencies of 
                transit vouchers for welfare recipients and eligible 
                low-income individuals under specific terms and 
                conditions developed by the Secretary; and
                    ``(D) promoting the use of employer-provided 
                transportation including the transit pass benefit 
                program under subsections (a) and (f) of section 132 of 
                title 26.
            ``(3) Existing transportation service providers.--The term 
        `existing transportation service providers' means mass 
        transportation operators and governmental agencies and 
        nonprofit organizations that receive assistance from Federal, 
        State, or local sources for nonemergency transportation 
        services.
            ``(4) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of Transportation.
            ``(5) Qualified entity.--The term `qualified entity' 
        means--
                    ``(A) with respect to any proposed eligible project 
                in an urbanized area with a population of not less than 
                200,000, the entity or entities selected by the 
                appropriate metropolitan planning organization, in 
                coordination with affected transit grant recipients (as 
                provided in subsection (g)(2)), from among local 
                governmental authorities and nonprofit organizations; 
                and
                    ``(B) with respect to any proposed eligible project 
                in an urbanized area with a population of less than 
                200,000, or an area other than an urbanized area, the 
                entity or entities selected by the chief executive 
                officer of the State in which the area is located, in 
                coordination with affected transit grant recipients (as 
                provided in subsection (g)(2)), from among local 
                governmental authorities and nonprofit organizations.
            ``(6) Welfare recipient.--The term `welfare recipient' 
        means an individual who receives or received aid or assistance 
        under a State program funded under part A of title IV of the 
        Social Security Act (whether in effect before or after the 
        effective date of the amendments made by title I of the 
        Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act 
        of 1996 (Public Law 104-193; 110 Stat. 2110)) at any time 
        during the 3-year period before the date on which the applicant 
        applies for a grant under this section.
    ``(b) General Authority.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may make grants under this 
        section to assist qualified entities in financing eligible 
        projects.
            ``(2) Coordination.--The Secretary shall coordinate 
        activities under this section with related activities under 
        programs of other Federal departments and agencies.
    ``(c) Applications.--Each qualified entity seeking to receive a 
grant under this section for an eligible project shall submit to the 
Secretary an application in such form and in accordance with such 
requirements as the Secretary shall establish by regulation.
    ``(d) Prohibition.--Grants awarded under this section may not be 
used for planning or coordination activities.
    ``(e) Factors for Consideration.--In awarding grants under this 
section to applicants under subsection (c), the Secretary shall 
consider--
            ``(1) the percentage of the population in the area to be 
        served by the applicant that are welfare recipients;
            ``(2) the need for additional services in the area to be 
        served by the applicant to transport welfare recipients and 
        eligible low-income individuals to and from specified jobs, 
        training, and other employment support services, and the extent 
        to which the proposed services will address those needs;
            ``(3) the extent to which the applicant demonstrates 
        coordination with, and the financial commitment of, existing 
        transportation service providers;
            ``(4) the extent to which the applicant demonstrates 
        maximum utilization of existing transportation service 
        providers and expands transit networks or hours of service, or 
        both;
            ``(5) the extent to which the applicant demonstrates an 
        innovative approach that is responsive to identified service 
        needs;
            ``(6) the extent to which the applicant--
                    ``(A) presents a regional transportation plan for 
                addressing the transportation needs of welfare 
                recipients and eligible low-income individuals; and
                    ``(B) identifies long-term financing strategies to 
                support the services under this section; and
            ``(7) the extent to which the applicant demonstrates that 
        the community to be served has been consulted in the planning 
        process.
    ``(f) Federal Share of Costs.--
            ``(1) Maximum amount.--The amount of a grant under this 
        section may not exceed 50 percent of the total project cost.
            ``(2) Nongovernmental share.--The portion of the total cost 
        of an eligible project that is not funded under this section--
                    ``(A) shall be provided in cash from sources other 
                than revenues from providing mass transportation; and
                    ``(B) may be derived from amounts made available to 
                a department or agency of the Federal Government (other 
                than the Department of Transportation) that are 
                eligible to be expended for transportation.
    ``(g) Planning Requirements.--
            ``(1) In general.--The requirements of sections 5303 
        through 5306 apply to any grant made under this section.
            ``(2) Coordination.--Each application for a grant under 
        this section shall reflect coordination with and the approval 
        of affected transit grant recipients, and the eligible projects 
        financed must be part of a coordinated public transit-human 
        services transportation planning process.
    ``(h) Grant Requirements.--A grant under this section shall be 
subject to--
            ``(1) all of the terms and conditions to which a grant made 
        under section 5307 is subject; and
            ``(2) such other terms and conditions as determined by the 
        Secretary.
    ``(i) Program Evaluation.--
            ``(1) Comptroller general.--Beginning 6 months after the 
        date of enactment of this Act, and every 6 months thereafter, 
        the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
                    ``(A) conduct a study to evaluate the grant program 
                authorized under this section; and
                    ``(B) submit to the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the 
                Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the 
                Senate a report describing the results of each study 
                under subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Department of transportation.--Not later than 2 years 
        after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) conduct a study to evaluate the access to 
                jobs grant program authorized under this section; and
                    ``(B) submit to the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the 
                Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the 
                Senate a report describing the results of the study 
                under subparagraph (A).
    ``(j) Funding; Allocation.--
            ``(1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated 
        to carry out this section $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
        1998 through 2003. Such amounts shall remain available until 
        expended.
            ``(2) Allocation.--The amount made available to carry out 
        this section in each fiscal year shall be allocated as follows:
                    ``(A) 60 percent shall be allocated for eligible 
                projects in urbanized areas with populations of not 
                less than 200,000.
                    ``(B) 20 percent shall be allocated for eligible 
                projects in urbanized areas with populations of less 
                than 200,000.
                    ``(C) 20 percent shall be allocated for eligible 
                projects in areas other than urbanized areas.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The analysis for chapter 53 of 
        title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the 
        item relating to section 5320 the following:

``5320a.  Access to jobs.''.

SEC. 15. GRANT REQUIREMENTS.

    Section 5323 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(m) Grant Requirements.--The grant requirements under sections 
5307 and 5309 apply to any project under this chapter that receives any 
assistance from an infrastructure bank or through other financing under 
subtitle C of title I of the Intermodal Surface Transportation 
Efficiency Act of 1997.''.

SEC. 16. HHS AND PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICE.

    Section 5323 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(n) Participation of Governmental Agencies in Design and Delivery 
of Transportation Services.--To the extent feasible, governmental 
agencies and nonprofit organizations that receive assistance from 
Government sources (other than the Department of Transportation) for 
nonemergency transportation services--
            ``(1) shall participate and coordinate with recipients of 
        assistance under this chapter in the design and delivery of 
        transportation services; and
            ``(2) shall be included in the planning for those 
        services.''.

SEC. 17. PROCEEDS FROM THE SALE OF TRANSIT ASSETS.

    Section 5334(g) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
    ``(4) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if a recipient of 
assistance under this chapter determines that an asset (including real 
property) acquired with such assistance is no longer needed for the 
purpose for which it was acquired, the recipient may sell that asset 
with no further obligation to the Government, if the proceeds of the 
sale are used for the provision of mass transportation services in 
accordance with this chapter.''.

SEC. 18. OPERATING ASSISTANCE FOR SMALL TRANSIT AUTHORITIES IN LARGE 
              URBANIZED AREAS.

    Section 5336(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
    ``(3) In distributing operating assistance under this subsection to 
urbanized areas with a population of 1,000,000 or more under the most 
recent census, the Secretary shall direct each such area to give 
priority consideration to the impact of reductions on operating 
assistance on smaller transit authorities operating within the area and 
to consider the needs and resources of such transit authorities.''.

SEC. 19. APPORTIONMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR FIXED GUIDEWAY 
              MODERNIZATION.

    (a) Distribution.--Section 5337(a) of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended to read as follows:
    ``(a) Distribution.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
apportion amounts made available for fixed guideway modernization under 
section 5309 for each of fiscal years 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 
2003 as follows:
            ``(1) The first $497,700,000 shall be apportioned in the 
        following urbanized areas as follows:
                    ``(A) Baltimore, $8,372,000.
                    ``(B) Boston, $38,948,000.
                    ``(C) Chicago/Northwestern Indiana, $78,169,000.
                    ``(D) Cleveland, $9,509,500.
                    ``(E) New Orleans, $1,730,588.
                    ``(F) New York, $176,034,461.
                    ``(G) Northeastern New Jersey, $50,604,653.
                    ``(H) Philadelphia/Southern New Jersey, 
                $58,924,764.
                    ``(I) Pittsburgh, $13,662,463.
                    ``(J) San Francisco, $33,989,571.
                    ``(K) Southwestern Connecticut, $27,755,000.
            ``(2) The next $70,000,000 shall be apportioned as follows:
                    ``(A) 50 percent in the urbanized areas listed in 
                paragraph (1), as provided in section 5336(b)(2)(A).
                    ``(B) 50 percent in other urbanized areas eligible 
                for assistance under section 5336(b)(2)(A) to which 
                amounts were apportioned under this section for fiscal 
                year 1997, as provided in section 5336(b)(2)(A) and 
                subsection (e) of this section.
            ``(3) The next $5,700,000 shall be apportioned in the 
        following urbanized areas as follows:
                    ``(A) Pittsburgh, 61.76 percent.
                    ``(B) Cleveland, 10.73 percent.
                    ``(C) New Orleans, 5.79 percent.
                    ``(D) 21.72 percent in urbanized areas to which 
                paragraph (2)(B) applies, as provided in section 
                5336(b)(2)(A) and subsection (e) of this section.
            ``(4) The next $186,600,000 shall be apportioned in each 
        urbanized area to which paragraph (1) applies and in each 
        urbanized area to which paragraph (2)(B) applies, as provided 
        in section 5336(b)(2)(A) and subsection (e) of this section.
            ``(5) The next $140,000,000 shall be apportioned as 
        follows:
                    ``(A) 65 percent in the urbanized areas listed in 
                paragraph (1) as provided in section 5336(b)(2)(A) and 
                subsection (e) of this section.
                    ``(B) 35 percent to other urbanized areas eligible 
                for assistance under section 5336(b)(2)(A), if the 
areas contain fixed guideway systems placed in revenue service not less 
than 7 years before the fiscal year in which amounts are made 
available, and in any urbanized area if, before the first day of that 
fiscal year, the area satisfies the Secretary that the area has 
modernization needs that cannot adequately be met with amounts received 
under section 5336(b)(2)(A), as provided in section 5336(b)(2)(A) and 
subsection (e) of this section.
            ``(6) The next $100,000,000 shall be apportioned as 
        follows:
                    ``(A) 60 percent in the urbanized areas listed in 
                paragraph (1) as provided in section 5336(b)(2)(A) and 
                subsection (e) of this section.
                    ``(B) 40 percent to urbanized areas to which 
                paragraph (5)(B) applies, as provided in section 
                5336(b)(2)(A) and subsection (e) of this section.
            ``(7) Remaining amounts shall be apportioned as follows:
                    ``(A) 50 percent in the urbanized areas listed in 
                paragraph (1) as provided in section 5336(b)(2)(A) and 
                subsection (e) of this section.
                    ``(B) 50 percent to urbanized areas to which 
                paragraph (5)(B) applies, as provided in section 
                5336(b)(2)(A) and subsection (e) of this section.''.
    (b) Route Segments To Be Included in Apportionment Formulas.--
Section 5337 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
    ``(e) Route Segments To Be Included in Apportionment Formulas.--
            ``(1) Amounts apportioned under paragraphs (2)(B), (3), and 
        (4) of subsection (a) shall have attributable to each urbanized 
        area only the number of fixed guideway revenue miles of service 
        and number of fixed guideway route miles for segments of fixed 
        guideway systems used to determine apportionments for fiscal 
        year 1997.
            ``(2) Amounts apportioned under paragraphs (5) through (7) 
        of subsection (a) shall have attributable to each urbanized 
        area only the number of fixed guideway revenue miles of service 
        and number of fixed guideway route-miles for segments of fixed 
        guideway systems placed in revenue service not less than 7 
        years before the fiscal year in which amounts are made 
        available.''.

SEC. 20. URBANIZED AREA FORMULA STUDY.

    (a) Study.--The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a study 
to determine whether the formula for apportioning funds to urbanized 
areas under section 5336 of title 49, United States Code accurately 
reflects the transit needs of the urbanized areas and, if not, whether 
any changes should be made either to the formula or through some other 
mechanism to reflect the fact that some urbanized areas with a 
population between 50,000 and 200,000 have transit systems that carry 
more passengers per mile or hour than the average of those transit 
systems in urbanized areas with a population over 200,000.
    (b) Report.--Not later than December 31, 1999, the Secretary of 
Transportation shall transmit to the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate a report on the 
results of the study conducted under this section, together with any 
proposed changes to the method for apportioning funds to urbanized 
areas with a population over 50,000.`