ARS HomePacific West AreaLogan, UtahPoisonous Plant ResearchDocs

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- Larkspur Published Research
- Locoweed Published Research
- Lupine Published Research
- Other Plants Published Research
- Pine Needles Published Research

| Locoweed Published Research |
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Schoch, T.K., **Gardner, D.R****.**, Manners, G.D., Pfister, J.A., Ralphs, M.H.  Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for the Rapid Analysis of Toxic Compounds in Larkspurs and Milkvetches.  In Garland, T. and Barr, A. C. (eds).  *Toxic Plants and Other Natural Toxicants*, CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. 243-248 (1998). (Book Chapter 50).** 
**Gardner****, D.R****.**, Molyneux, R.J., Ralphs, M.H.  Analysis of Swainsonine: Extraction Methods, Detection and Measurement in Populations of Locoweeds (*Oxytropis* spp.).  J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(10):4573-4580. 2001.
 
Colodel, E.M.,**Gardner, D.R., Zlotowski, P., Driemeier, D.  Identification of swainsonine as a glycoside inhibitor responsible for *sida carpinifolia* poisoning.  Vet. Hum. Toxicol.  44(3):177-178. 2002. 
 
Molyneux, R.J., **Gardner****, D.R****.**, James, L.F. and Colegate, S.M.  Polyhydroxy alkaloids: chromatographic analysis.  J. Chromatography 967:57-74. 2002.
 
**Gardner****, D.R****.**, Lee, S.T., Molyneux, R.J., Edgar, J.A.  Preparative isolation of swainsonine from locoweeds: extraction and purification procedures.  Phytochem. Anal. 14:259-266. 2003.
 
Medeiros, R.M.T., Barbosa, R.C., Riet-Correa, F., Lima, E.F., Tabosa, I.M., Barros, S.S., **Gardner****, D.R****.**, Molyneux, R.J.  Tremorgenic syndrome in goats caused by *Ipomoea asarifolia* in Northeastern Brazil.  Toxicon 41:933-935. 2003.
 
**Gardner****, D.R****.**, Romero, J., Ralphs, M.H., Creamer, R.  Correlation of an endophytic fungus (*Alternaria* spp.) with the presence of swainsonine in lambert locoweed (*Oxytropis lambertii*).  In: Acamovic, T., Stewart, C.S., Pennycott, T.W. (eds), Poisonous Plants and Related Toxins, CAB International, Wallingford, UK.  pp. 32-37 (2004).
 
Barbosa, R.C., Riet-Correa, F., Medeiros, R.M.T., Lima, E.F., Barros, S.S., Gimeno, E.J., Molyneux, R.J., **Gardner, D.R.** Intoxication by *Ipomoea sericophylla* and *Ipomoea riedelii* in goats in the state of Paraiba, Northeastern Brazil.  Toxicon 47:371-379. 2006.
 
Molyneux, R.J., **James, L.F.**, Panter, K.E. and Ralphs, M.H.  Analysis and distribution of swainsonine and related polyhydroxyindolizidine alkaloids by thin layer chromatography. Phytochem. Anal. 2:125-129. 1991.
 
**Panter, K.E.**, Bunch, T.D., James, L.F. and Sisson, D.V.  Ultrasonographic imaging to monitor fetal and placental developments in ewes fed locoweed (*Astragalus lentiginosus*).  Am. J. Vet. Res. 48(4):686-690. 1987.  
 
**Panter, K.E.**, James, L.F., Nielsen, D., Molyneux, R.J., Ralphs, M.H.,Olsen, J.D.  The relationship of *Oxytropis sericea* (green and dry) and *Astragalus lentiginosus* with high mountain disease in cattle.  Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 30(4):318-323. 1988.
 
**Panter, K.E.**, James, L.F. and Hartley, W.J.  Transient testicular degeneration in rams fed locoweed (*Astragalus lentiginosus*).  Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 31(1):42-46. 1989.
 
**Panter, K. E.**  Neurotoxicity of the Knapweeds (*Centaurea* spp.) in horses.  *In* Noxious Range Weeds, L. F. James, J. O. Evans, M. H. Ralphs and R. D. Child.  Westview Press, Boulder, CO, pp. 316-324.  1991.  (Book Chapter)
 
 
**Panter, K.E.**, James, L.F., Stegelmeier, B.L., Ralphs, M.H. and Pfister, J.A.  Locoweeds:  Effects on reproduction in livestock.  J. Nat. Toxins 8(1):53-62. 1999.
 
Wang, S., **Panter, K.E.**, Holyoak, G.R., Molyneux, R.J., Liu, G., Evans, R.C. and Bunch, T.D.  Development and viability of bovine preplacentation embryos treated with swainsonine in vitro.  Animal Reproduction Science 56:19-29. 1999. 
 
**Panter, K. E.**, Ralphs, M. H., James, L. F., and Stegelmeier, B. L.  Effects of locoweed (*Oxytropis sericea*) on reproduction in cows with a history of locoweed consumption.  Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 41(5):282-286. 1999. 
 
**Panter, K.E.** and Stegelmeier, B.L.  Reproductive toxicoses of food animals.  Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 16(3):531-544.  2000.
 
**Pfister, J.A.**, Astorga, J.B., Panter, K.E. and Molyneux, R.J.  Maternal locoweed exposure *in utero* and as a neonate does not disrupt taste aversion learning in lambs.  Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 36:159-167.  1993.
 
**Pfister, J.A.**, Stegelmeier, B.L., Gardner, D.R. and James, L.F.  Grazing of spotted locoweed (*Astragalus lentiginosus*) by cattle and horses in Arizona.  J. Anim. Sci. 81:2285-2293. 2003.
 
**Pfister, J.A.** and Price, K.  Lack of maternal influence on lamb consumption of locoweed (*Oxytropis sericea*). J. Anim. Sci. 74:340-344. 1996.
 
**Pfister, J.A.**, Stegelmeier, B.L., Cheney, C.D., James, L.F. and Molyneux, R.J.  Operant analysis of chronic locoweed intoxication in sheep.  J. Anim. Sci. 74:2622-2632. 1996.  
 
**Pfister, J.A.**, Panter, K.E., Gardner, D.R., Stegelmeier, B.L., Ralphs, M.H., Molyneux, R.J. and Lee, S.T.  Alkaloids as anti-quality factors in plants on western U.S. rangelands.  J. Range Manage. 54(4):447-461. 2001.
 
Launchbaugh, K., Provenza, F.D. and **Pfister, J.A.**  Herbivore response to anti-quality factors in forages.  J. Range Manage. 54:431-440. 2001.
 
**Pfister, J.A.** and Lopez, S.  Toxicity and management of alkaloid-containing range plants. P. 34-41.  Bull. 73 Idaho Forest, Wildlife and Range Expt. Station, Moscow. 2001.
 
**Pfister, J.A.**, Stegelmeier, B.L., Cheney, C.D., Ralphs, M.H. and Gardner, D.R.  Conditioning taste aversions to locoweed (*Oxytropis sericea*) in horses.  J. Anim. Sci. 80:79-83. 2002.
 
**Pfister, J.A.**, Astorga, J.B., Panter, K.E., Stegelmeier, B.L. and Molyneux, R.J.  Maternal ingestion of locoweed.  I. Effects on ewe-lamb bonding and behaviour.  Small Ruminant Res. 65:51-63.  2006.  
 
Astorga, J.B., **Pfister, J.A.** and Stegelmeier, B.L.  Maternal ingestion of locoweed. II. The ability of intoxicated ewes to discriminate their own lamb.  Small Ruminant Res. 65:64-69.  2006.
 
**Pfister, J.A.**, Davidson, T., Panter, K.E., Cheney, C.D. and Molyneux, R.D.  Maternal ingestion of locoweed.  III. Effects on lamb behaviour at birth.  Small Ruminant Res. 65:70-78.  2006.
 
Rogosic, J., **Pfister, J.A.**, Provenza, F.D. and Grbesa, D.  Sheep and goat preference for and nutritional value of Mediterranean maquis shrubs.  Small Ruminant Res. 64:169-179. 2006. 
 
Rogosic, J., **Pfister, J.A.**, Provenza, F.D. and Grbesa, D.  The effect of activated charcoal and number of species offered on intake of Mediterranean shrubs by sheep and goats.  Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 101:305-317. 2006.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, James, L.F., Nielsen, D.B. and Panter, K.E.  Management practices reduce cattle loss to locoweed on high mountain range.  Rangelands 6(4):175-177. 1984.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, James, L.F. and Pfister, J.A.  Utilization of white locoweed (*Oxytropis sericea*Nutt.) by range cattle.  J. Range Manage. 39(4):344-347.  1986.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.** Cattle grazing white locoweed: influence of grazing pressure and palatability associated with phenological growth stage.  J. Range Manage. 40(4):330-332. 1987.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Mickelsen, L.V. and Turner, D.L.  Cattle grazing white locoweed: diet selection patterns of native and introduced cattle.  J. Range Manage.  40(4):333-335. 1987.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.** and Cronin, E.H.  Locoweed seed in soil: density, longevity, germination and viability.  Weed Sci. 35:792-795. 1987.
 
Williams, M.C. and **Ralphs, M.H.**  Effects of herbicides on miserotoxin concentration in Wasatch milkvetch (Astragalus miser var. oblongifolius).  Weed Sci. 35:746-748. 1987.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Mickelsen, L.V., Turner, D.L. and Nielsen, D.B.  Control of white locoweed (*Oxytropis sericea*).  Weed Sci. 36:353-358. 1988.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.** and Ueckert, D.N.  Herbicide control of locoweeds: a review.  Weed Technol. 2:460-465. 1988.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, James, L.F., Nielsen, D.B., Baker, D.C. and Molyneux, R.J.  Cattle grazing Wahweap milkvetch in Southeastern Utah.  J. Animal Sci. 66:3124-3130. 1988.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.** and Bagley, V.L.  Population cycles of Wahweap milkvetch on the HenryMountains and seed reserve in the soil.  Great Basin Naturalist 48(4):541-547. 1988.
 
Williams, M.C. and **Ralphs, M.H.** Control of Wasatch Milkvetch (*Astragalus miser* var. *oblongifolius*) and associated species on mountain rangeland.  Weed Technol. 3:110-113. 1989.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Benson, B. and Loerch, J.C.  Soil-site relationships of white locoweed on the RaftRiverMountains.  Great Basin Natural. 49(3):419-424. 1989.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Panter, K.E. and James, L.F.  Feed preferences and habituation of sheep poisoned by locoweed.  J. Anim. Sci. 68:1354-1362. 1990.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Panter, K.E. and James, L.F.  Grazing behavior and forage preference of sheep with chronic locoweed toxicosis suggests no addiction. J. Range Manage. 44(3):208-209. 1991.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Graham, D.L., Molyneux, R.J. and James, L.F.  Seasonal grazing of locoweeds by cattle in northeastern New Mexico.  J. Range Manage. 46:416-420. 1993.
   
**Ralphs, M.H.,**Graham, D.L. and James, L.F.  Social facilitation influences cattle to graze locoweed.  J. Range Manage. 47(2):123-126. 1994.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Graham, D.L. and James, L.F.  Cattle grazing white locoweed in New Mexico: Influence of grazing pressure and phenological growth stage.  J. Range Manage. 47(4):270-274. 1994.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Graham, D., James, L.F. and Panter, K.E.  Locoweed effects on a calf crop. Rangelands 16(1):35-37. 1994.
 
Galyean, M.L., **Ralphs, M.H.**, Reif, M.N., Graham, J.D. and Braselton Jr., W.E.  Effects of previous grazing treatment and consumption of locoweed on liver mineral concentrations in beef steers.  J. Anim. Sci.  74:827-833.  1996.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Graham, D., Galyean, M.L. and James, L.F.  Research observation: Influence of over-wintering feed regimen on consumption of locoweed by steers.  J. Range Manage. 50(3):250-252. 1997.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.** and James, L.F.  Locoweed grazing.  J. Nat. Toxins 8(1):47-51.  1999.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Graham, D., Duff, G.C., Stegelmeier, B.L. and James, L.F.  Impact of locoweed poisoning on grazing steer weight gains.  J. Range Manage. 53(1):86-90.  2000.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Greathouse, G., Knight, A.P. and James, L.F.  Research observation: Cattle preference for Lambert locoweed over white locoweed.  J. Range Manage. 54(3):265-268. 2001.
 
Mikus, J.H., Duff, G.C., Krehbiel, C.R., Allford, D.M., Walker, D.A., Graham, J.D. and **Ralphs, M.H.**  Effects of estradiol implant on locoweed consumption, toxicity and recover in growing beef steers.  Prof. Anim. Sci. 17:109-114.  2001.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Welsh, S.L. and Gardner, D.R.  Distribution of the locoweed toxin swainsonine in populations of *Oxytropis lambertii*.  J. Chem. Ecol. 28:701-707. 2002
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Greathouse, G., Knight, A.P., Doherty, D., Graham, J.D., Stegelmeier, B.L. and James, L.F.  Prior feeding practices do not influence locoweed consumption.  J. Range Manage. 55(4):390-393. 2002.
            
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Gardner, D.R., Graham, J.D., Greathouse, G. and Knight, A.P.  Clipping and precipitation influences on locoweed vigor, mortality, and toxicity.  J. Range Manage. 55(4):394-399. 2002.
 
Duff, G.C., **Ralphs, M.H.**, Walker, D.A., Graham, J.D., Rivera, J.D. and James, L.F.  Influence of beef breeds (Brangus, Charolais, or Hereford) on locoweed consumption.  Prof. Anim. Sci. 18:33-37. 2002.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Graham, J.D. and James, L.F.  A close look at Locoweed poisoning on shortgrass prairies.  Rangelands 24(2):30-34. 2002.
 
**Ralphs, M.H.**, Pfister, J.A., Welsh, S.L., Graham, J.D., Purvines, J., Jensen, D.T. and James, L.F. Locoweed population cycles.  Rangelands 25(5):14-18. 2003.
 
Anderson, D.M., Rayson, G.D., Obeidat, S.M., **Ralphs, M.H.**, Estell, R., Fredrickson, E.L., Parker, E. and Gray, P.  Use of flourometry to differentiate among clipped species in the genera *Astragalus, Oxytropis*, and *Pleuraphis*.  Rangeland Ecol. Manage. 59(5):557-563. 2006.
 
**Stegelmeier, B.L.**, James, L.F., Panter, K.E., Gardner, D.R., Ralphs, M.H. and Pfister, J.A.  Tissue swainsonine clearance in sheep chronically poisoned with locoweed (*Oxytropis sericea*).  J. Anim. Sci. 76:1140-1144.  1998.
 
**Stegelmeier, B.L.**, James, L.F., Panter, K.E., Ralphs, M.H., Gardner, D.R., Molyneux, R.J. and Pfister, J.A.  The pathogenesis and toxicokinetics of locoweed (*Astragalus* and *Oxytropis* spp.) poisoning in livestock.  J. Nat. Toxins 8(1):35-45.  1999.
 
**Stegelmeier, B.L.**, James, L.F., Panter, K.E., Gardner, D.R., Pfister, J.A., Ralphs, M.H. and Molyneux, R.J.  Dose response of sheep poisoned with locoweed (*Oxytropis sericea*). J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 11:448-456. 1999.
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**Stegelmeier, B.L.**, James, L.F., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., Lee, S.T., Ralphs, M.H., Pfister, J.A., Spraker, T.R.  Locoweed (*Oxytropis sericea*)-induced Lesions in Mule Deer (*Odocoileius hemionus*).  Vet. Pathol. 42:566-578. 2005.
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