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ARS Home Pacific West Area Davis, California Western Human Nutrition Research Center Immunity and Disease Prevention Research People Charles Stephensen





Stephensen Labheadline bar **STEPHENSEN LAB** /ARSUserFiles/5405/Stephensen Lab  10.JPG   Research Scientist
                              **Charles Stephensen, Ph.D.**
Acting Center Director, Research Leader
Adjunct Professor, UC Davis Department of Nutrition
Office: (530) 752-9266
Email address: charles.stephensen@usda.gov
Google Scholar page
**Research Interests**
The Stephensen lab is focused on (1) the effect of vitamin A on immune function, including response to immunization; (2) the effect of diet on the intestinal microbiota and, in turn, the effect of the microbiota on systemic immunity (e.g., response to vaccination), immune activation (e.g., of specific leukocyte populations, such as T cells) and inflammation; (3) the effect of vitamin D on immune function and inflammation, as well as on bone health during immune activation (e.g., during HIV infection); and (4) the effect of diet on lung health and pulmonary inflammation
**Stephensen Lab Themes**
Assessing the Impact of Diet on Inflammation in Healthy and Obese Adults in a Cross-Sectional Phenotyping Study and a Longitudinal Intervention Trial (in-house appropriated funds): This project funds a component of the WHNRC Nutritional Phenotyping Study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02367287), a multi-investigator study involving research scientists from both the Immunity and Disease Prevention and Obesity and Metabolism Research Units at the WHNRC.  Dr. Stephensen is coordinating the study with Dr. Brian Bennet.  The principal goal for Dr. Stephensen’s lab is to determine if diet quality and specific nutrient composition are associated with intestinal bacterial community composition and, in turn, to determine whether bacterial taxa are associated with systemic immune activation and inflammation.  This work is being conducted with Dr. Mary Kable and Dr. Danielle Lemay of the Immunity and Disease Prevention Research Unit.
Newborn Vitamin A Supplements, Gut Microbiota and Vaccine Response at 15-18m in Bangladeshi Infants (Thrasher Research Fund):  The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of vitamin A supplementation on composition of the intestinal microbiota and, in turn, to examine the association of the intestinal microbiota, particularly the genus Bifidobacterium, on the response to early childhood vaccines.  The study will include measures of T-cell and antibody responses to vaccines.  The vaccines are given early in infancy and the responses are assessed in early infancy and at 2 y of age.  Stool microbiota composition is measured at the same time points.  Research collaborators include Dr. S.M. Ahmad, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and Dr. David A. Mills of the Departments of Food Science & Technology at the University of California at Davis.
Immunology Component of Lao Zinc Trial at Khon Kaen University (Micronutrient Initiative and Mathile Institute): The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of zinc supplementation on immune function.  The study will include measures of T-cell immunity and production of cytokines by activated leukocytes.  The overall study principal investigator is Dr. Sonja Hess of the Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, and the principal collaborator on the immunology component is Dr. Ganjana Lertmemongkolcha of Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
Additional current collaborations:
Effects of vitamin D supplementation during HIV infection in the Adolescent Trials Network (National Institutes of Health):  Two studies with the ATN Network (ATN063 and ATN109) examined the effect of vitamin D supplementation on minimizing loss of bone mineral density in HIV infected youth taking antiretroviral therapy including tenofovir.  One study (ATN117) has examined the association of vitamin D status with preventive use of antiretroviral therapy containing tenofovir on men at risk of HIV infection.  Laboratory work was carried out at the WHNRC.  The principal collaborators on these studies included Dr. Peter Havens, Medical College of Wisconsin, Dr. Kathleen Mulligan, University of California, San Francisco, and Dr. Craig Wilson, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
 Research Team
                              **ARS Employees**
Xiaowen Jiang, Support Scientist (Molecular Biologist)
Ms. Jiang was originally trained in clinical laboratory sciences and has extensive experience in performing immunology research in humans and in mouse model systems.
**Trainees**
Niknaz Riazati, Ph.D. Student, UC Davis Graduate Group in Molecular and Cellular Pathology
 Selected Publications(Clicking on the reprint iconReprint Icon  will take you to the publication reprint.)Impact of two forms of daily preventive zinc or therapeutic zinc supplementation on immune function among rural Laotian children: a randomized controlled trial-(Peer Reviewed Journal)Association of lactase persistence genotypes (rs4988235) and ethnicity with dairy intake in a healthy U.S. population-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Chin, E.L., Huang, L., Bouzid, Y.Y., Kirschke, C.P., Durbin-Johnson, B., Baldiviez, L.M., Bonnel, E.L., Keim, N.L., Korf, I., Stephensen, C.B., Lemay, D.G. 2019. Association of lactase persistence genotypes (rs4988235) and ethnicity with dairy intake in a healthy U.S. population. Nutrients.  https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081860.Circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in overweight and obese adults is explained by sun exposure, skin reflectance, and body composition-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Piccolo, B.D., Hall, L.M., Stephensen, C.B., Gertz, E.R., Van Loan, M.D. 2019. Circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in overweight and obese adults is explained by sun exposure, skin reflectance, and body composition. Current Developments in Nutrition. doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz065.Neonatal vitamin A supplementation and vitamin A status are associated with gut microbiome composition in Bangladeshi infants in early infancy and at two years of age-(Peer Reviewed Journal)Bifidobacterium abundance in early infancy and vaccine response at 2 years of age-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Huda, N., Ahmad, S.M., Alam, M.J., Khanam, A., Kalanetra, K.M., Taft, D.H., Raqib, R., Underwood, M.A., Mills, D.A., Stephensen, C.B. 2019. Bifidobacterium abundance in early infancy and vaccine response at 2 years of age. Pediatrics. 143(2):e20181489.Infant cortisol stress-response is associated with thymic function and vaccine response-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Huda, M., Ahmad, S.D., Alam, J., Khanam, A., Alam, N., Raqib, R., Laugero, K.D., Stephensen, C.B. 2018. Infant cortisol stress-response is associated with thymic function and vaccine response. Stress: The International Journal on Biology of Stress. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2018.1484445.Impact of an 8-week controlled feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indices-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Krishnan, S., Adams, S.H., Allen, L.H., Laugero, K.D., Newman, J.W., Stephensen, C.B., Burnett, D.J., Witbracht, M.G., Welch, L.C., Que, E.S., Keim, N.L. 2018. Impact of an 8-week controlled feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indices. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 108(2):266-278. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy113.Design and implementation of a cross-sectional nutritional phenotyping study in healthy US adults-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Baldiviez, L.M., Keim, N.L., Laugero, K.D., Hwang, D.H., Huang, L., Woodhouse, L.R., Burnett, D.J., Zerofsky, M., Bonnel, E., Allen, L.H., Newman, J.W., Stephensen, C.B. 2017. Design and implementation of a cross-sectional nutritional phenotyping study in healthy US adults. Biomed Central (BMC) Nutrition. 3(79):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-017-0197-4.Vitamin D3 supplementation increases spine bone mineral density in adolescents and young adults with HIV infection being treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: a randomized, placebo controlled trial-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Havens, P.L., Stephensen, C.B., Van Loan, M.D., Schuster, G.U., Woodhouse, L.R., Flynn, P.M., Gordon, C.M., Pan, C.G., Rutledge, B., Harris, B., Price, G., Meyer, W.M., Hazra, R., Kapogiannis, B.G., Mulligan, K. 2018. Vitamin D3 supplementation increases spine bone mineral density in adolescents and young adults with HIV infection being treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: a randomized, placebo controlled trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases. (2):220-228. 10.1093/cid/cix753.Associations of low vitamin D and elevated parathyroid hormone concentrations with bone mineral density in perinatally HIV-infected children-() Jacobson, D.L., Stephensen, C.B., Miller, T.L., Patel, K., Chen, J.S., Van Dyke, R.B., Mirza, A., Schuster, G., Hazra, R., Ellis, A., Brummel, S.S., Geffner, M., Silio, M., Spector, S.A., Dimeglio, L. 2017. Associations of low vitamin D and elevated parathyroid hormone concentrations with bone mineral density in perinatally HIV-infected children. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001467.Metabolic effects of inflammation on vitamin A and carotenoids in humans and animal models-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Rubin, L.P., Ross, C.A., Stephensen, C.B., Bohn, T., Tanumihardjo, S.A. 2017. Metabolic effects of inflammation on vitamin A and carotenoids in humans and animal models. Advances in Nutrition. 8:197-212. doi: 10.39945:an.116.014167.Decline in bone mass with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine is associated with hormonal changes in the absence of renal impairment when used by HIV uninfected adolescent boys and young men for HIV pre-exposure-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Havens, P.L., Stephensen, C.B., Van Loan, M.D., Schuster, G., Woodhouse, L.R., Flynn, P.M., Gordon, C.M., Pan, C.G., Rutledge, B., Liu, N., Wilson, C.M., Hazra, R., Hosek, S.G., Anderson, P.L., Seifert, S.M., Kapogiannis, B.G., Mulligan, K. 2016. Decline in bone mass with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine is associated with hormonal changes in the absence of renal impairment when used by HIV uninfected adolescent boys and young men for HIV pre-exposure. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 64/317-325.What causes high fat diet-induced postprandial inflammation: endotoxin or free fatty acids?-(Abstract Only)Daily cholecalciferol supplementation during pregnancy alters markers of regulatory immunity, inflammation, and clinical outcomes in a randomized controlled trial-(Peer Reviewed Journal)Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development – Vitamin A Review-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Tanuminhardjo, S.A., Russell, R.M., Stephensen, C.B., Gannon, B.M., Craft, N.E., Haskell, M.J., Lietz, G., Schulze, K., Raiten, D.J. 2016. Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development – Vitamin A Review. Journal of Nutrition. 146/p.18165-18485.Comparisons of the effect of naturally acquired maternal pertussis antibodies and antenatal vaccination induced maternal tetanus antibodies on infant's antibody secreting lymphocyte responses and circulating plasma antibody-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Ahmad, S.M., Alam, J., Afsar, N.A., Huda, N., Kabir, Y., Qadri, F., Raqib, R., Stephensen, C.B. 2016. Comparisons of the effect of naturally acquired maternal pertussis antibodies and antenatal vaccination induced maternal tetanus antibodies on infant's antibody secreting lymphocyte responses and circulating plasma antibody. Taylor and Francis Group. 12/886-893.Vitamin A and Epigenetic Modifications-() Stephensen, C.B. 2015. Vitamin A and Epigenetic Modifications. Sight and Life Newsletter. Vol.29(2) Pg 21-23.Impact of nutrition on immune function and the inflammatory response-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Dawson, H.D., Claycombe, K.J. 2015. Impact of nutrition on immune function and the inflammatory response. Journal of Nutrition. 145(5):1039S-1108S. DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.194571.Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE)-(Proceedings) Raiten, D.J., Ashour, F.A., Ross, A.C., Meydani, S.N., Dawson, H.D., Stephensen, C.B., Brabin, B.J., Suchdev, P.S., Van Ommen, B. 2015. Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE). Journal of Nutrition. 145(5):1039S-1108S. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.194571.Stool microbiota and vaccine responses of infants-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Huda, M.N., Lewis, Z., Kalanetra, K.M., Rashid, M.N., Raqib, R., Qadri, F., Underwood, M.A., Mills, D.A., Stephensen, C.B. 2014. Stool microbiota and vaccine responses of infants. Pediatrics. 134:1-11. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-3937.Vitamin D3 supplementation increases fibroblast growth factor-23 in HIV-infected youth treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Havens, P.L., Hazra, R., Stephensen, C.B., Kiser, J., Flynn, P.M., Wilson, C.M., Rutledge, B., Bethel, J., Pan, C., Woodhouse, L.R., Van Loan, M.D., Lui, N., Lujan-Zilbermann, J., Baker, A., Kapogiannis, B.G., Gordon, C.M., Mulligan, K. 2014. Vitamin D3 supplementation increases fibroblast growth factor-23 in HIV-infected youth treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Antiviral Therapy. DOI: 10.3851/IMP2755.Vitamin D Supplementation increases fibroblast growth factor-23 in HIV-infected youth treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Havens, P.L., Hazra, R., Stephensen, C.B., Kiser, J., Flynn, P.M., Wilson, C.M., Rutledge, B., Bethel, J., Pan, C., Woodhouse, L.R., Van Loan, M.D., Lui, N., Lujan-Zilbermann, J., Baker, A., Kapogiannis, B.G., Gordon, C.M., Mulligan, K. 2014. Vitamin D Supplementation increases fibroblast growth factor-23 in HIV-infected youth treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Antiviral Therapy. DOI: 10.3851/imp2755.Dietary long-chain omega-3 fatty acids do not diminish eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation in mice-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Schuster, G.U., Bratt, J., Jiang, X., Pedersen, T.L., Grapov, D., Adkins, Y.C., Kelley, D.S., Newman, J.W., Kenyon, N.J., Stephensen, C.B. 2014. Dietary long-chain omega-3 fatty acids do not diminish eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation in mice. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0136OC.Higher plasma vitamin D binding protein and lower free calcitriol with tenofovir treatment: Cause of a functional vitamin D deficiency?-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Havens, P.L., Kiser, J.J., Stephensen, C.B., Hazra, R., Flynn, P.M., Wilson, C.M., Rutledge, B., Bethel, J., Pan, C.G., Woodhouse, L.R., Van Loan, M.D., Liu, N., Lujan-Zilbermann, J., Baker, A., Kapogiannis, B.G., Gordon, C., Mulligan, K. 2013. Higher plasma vitamin D binding protein and lower free calcitriol with tenofovir treatment: Cause of a functional vitamin D deficiency. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 57:619-28.Big data computing: Building a vision for ARS information management-() James, R.R., Lawrence, C.J., Papiernik, S.K., Van Tassell, C.P., Ahuja, L.R., Baxter, I.R., Cannon, S.B., Lunney, J.K., Rexroad Iii, C.E., Sadler, J., Stanton, T.B., Stephensen, C.B. 2013. Big data computing: Building a vision for ARS information management. USDA. Agricultural Research Service Publication (White Paper).CD4 T-helper cell cytokine phenotypes and antibody response following tetanus toxoid booster immunization-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Livingston, K.A., Jiang, X., Stephensen, C.B. 2013. CD4 T-helper cell cytokine phenotypes and antibody response following tetanus toxoid booster immunization. Journal of Immunological Methods. 390:18-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.01.001.Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D3 supplementation 50,000 IU monthly in youth with HIV-1 infection-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Havens, P.L., Mulligan, K., Hazra, R., Flynn, P., Rutledge, B., Van Loan, M.D., Lujan-Zilberman, J., Kapogiannis, B.G., Wilson, C.M., Stephensen, C.B. 2012. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D3 supplementation 50,000 IU monthly in youth with HIV-1 infection. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 97(11):0000-0000. DOI:10.1210/jc.2012-2600.Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase gene variants affect response to fish oil supplementation by healthy African Americans-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Armstrong, P., Kelley, D.S., Newman, J.W., Staggers, F., Hartiala, J., Allayee, H., Stephensen, C.B. 2012. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase gene variants affect response to fish oil supplementation by healthy African Americans. Journal of Nutrition. 142(8):1417-1428. DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.159814.Ergocalciferol from mushrooms or supplements consumed with a standard meal increases 25-hydroxyergocalciferol but decreases 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the serum of healthy adults-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Zerofsky, M., Burnett, D., Lin, Y., Hammock, B.D., Hall, L.M., Mchugh, T.H. 2012. Ergocalciferol from mushrooms or supplements consumed with a standard meal increases 25-hydroxyergocalciferol but decreases 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the serum of healthy adults. Journal of Nutrition. 142(7):1246-1252. DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.159764.Vitamin A and immune function-() Stephensen, C.B. 2012. Vitamin A and immune function. In: Preedy, V.R., editor. Food and Nutritional Components in Focus No. 1: Vitamin A and Carotenoids: Chemistry, Analysis, Function and Effects. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 501-515. DOI:10.1039/ISBNProvitamin A carotenoids and immune function-() Stephensen, C.B. 2013. Provitamin A carotenoids and immune function. In: Tanumihardjo, S. Carotenoids and Human Health. New York, NY: Humana Press. pp. 261-270.Vitamin D3 decreases parathyroid hormone in HIV-infected youth being treated with tenofovir: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Havens, P.L., Stephensen, C.B., Hazra, R., Flynn, P.M., Wilson, C.M., Rutledge, B., Bethel, J., Pan, C.G., Woodhouse, L.R., Van Loan, M.D. 2012. Vitamin D3 decreases parathyroid hormone in HIV-infected youth being treated with tenofovir: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 54(7):1013-1025. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir968.Effects of dietary strawberry powder on blood lipids and inflammatory markers in obese human subjects-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Zunino, S.J., Parelman, M., Freytag, T.L., Stephensen, C.B., Kelley, D.S., Mackey, B.E., Woodhouse, L.R., Bonnel, E. 2011. Effects of dietary strawberry powder on blood lipids and inflammatory markers in obese human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition. 1-10. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511006027.Prenatal zinc supplementation of zinc-adequate rats adversely affects immunity in offspring-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Sharkar, M., Jou, M., Hossain, M.B., Lonnerdal, B., Stephensen, C.B., Raquib, R. 2011. Prenatal zinc supplementation of zinc-adequate rats adversely affects immunity in offspring. Journal of Nutrition. 141(8):1559-1564.Associations of obesity with triglycerides and C-reactive protein are attenuated in adults with high red blood cell eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Makhoul, Z., Kristal, A.R., Gulati, R., Luick, B., Bersamin, A., O'Brien, D., Hopkins, S.E., Stephensen, C.B., Stanhope, K.L., Havel, P.J., Boyer, B. 2011. Associations of obesity with triglycerides and C-reactive protein are attenuated in adults with high red blood cell eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 65(7):808-817. Available: http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v65/n7/full/ejcn201139a.htmlALOX5 gene variants affect eicosanoid production and response to fish oil supplementation-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Armstrong, P., Newman, J.W., Pedersen, T.L., Legault, J., Schuster, G., Kelley, D.S., Vikman, S., Hartiala, J., Hooman, A. 2011. ALOX5 gene variants affect eicosanoid production and response to fish oil supplementation. Journal of Lipid Research. 52(5):991-1003.Genetic contribution of the leukotriene pathway to coronary artery disease-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Hartiala, J., Li, D., Conti, D.V., Vikman, S., Patel, Y., Tang, W., Brennan, M., Newman, J.W., Stephensen, C.B., Armstrong, P., Hazen, S.L., Allayee, H. 2011. Genetic contribution of the leukotriene pathway to coronary artery disease. Human Genetics. 129(6):617-627.Nutrition and the immune system-() Stephensen, C.B., Zunino, S.J. 2012. Nutrition and the immune system. In: Ross, C., Caballero, B., Cousins, R., Tucker, K., Ziegler, T., editors. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 11th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a division of Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. p. 601-610.Prevalence and risk factors For vitamin D deficiency among healthy infants in Sacramento, California-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Liang, L., Chantry, C., Stephensen, C.B. 2010. Prevalence and risk factors For vitamin D deficiency among healthy infants in Sacramento, California. Pediatrics. 169:1337-1344.Maternal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Has Limited Impact on Micronutrient Status of Bangladeshi Infants Compared with Standard Iron Folic Acid Supplementation-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Eneroth, H., Arifeen, S., Persson, L., Lonnerdal, B., Hossain, M.B., Stephensen, C.B., Ekstrom, E. 2010. Maternal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Has Limited Impact on Micronutrient Status of Bangladeshi Infants Compared with Standard Iron Folic Acid Supplementation. Journal of Nutrition. doi:10.3945/jn.109.111740.Men with Low Vitamin A Stores Respond Adequately to Primary Yellow Fever and Secondary Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Ahmad, S.M., Haskell, M.J., Raqib, R., Stephensen, C.B. 2009. Men with Low Vitamin A Stores Respond Adequately to Primary Yellow Fever and Secondary Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 138:2276-2283.Vitamin A Status is Associated With T-Cell Responses In Bangladeshi Men-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Ahmad, S.M., Haskell, M.J., Raqib, R., Stephensen, C.B. 2009. Vitamin A Stores Are Associated With T-Cell Responses In Bangladeshi Men. British Journal of Nutrition. 102:797-802.Contrasting Roles For All-Trans Retinoic Acid in TGF-ß-mediated Induction of Foxp3 and Il10 Genes in Developing Regulatory T Cells-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Maynard, C.L., Hatton, R.D., Helms, W.S., Oliver, J.R., Stephensen, C.B., Weaver, C.T. 2009. Contrasting Roles For All-Trans Retinoic Acid in TGF-ß-mediated Induction of Foxp3 and Il10 genes in Developing Regulatory T Cells. J. Exp. Med. Vol. 206, No. 2 343-357.Metabolic Profiling of Major Vitamin D Metabolites Using Diels-Alder Derivatization and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Aronov, P.A., Hall, L.M., Dettmer, K., Stephensen, C.B., Hammock, B.D. 2008. Metabolic Profiling of Major Vitamin D Metabolites Using Diels-Alder Derivatization and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistyr, Springer, DOI 10.1007/s00216-008-2095-8.Current Understanding of Vitamin D Metabolism, Nutritional Status, and Role in Disease Prevention-() Whiting, S.J., Calvo, M.S., Stephensen, C.B. 2008. Current Understanding of Vitamin D Metabolism, Nutritional Status, and Role in Disease Prevention. Book Chapter. ISBN-13:978-0-12-374118-9, publ.date March 2008, Chapter 43:807-832.Vitamin A deficiency decreases and high dietary vitamin A increases disease severity in the mouse model of asthma-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Schuster, G.U., Kenyon, N.J., Stephensen, C.B. 2008. Vitamin A deficiency decreases and high dietary vitamin A increases disease severity in the mouse model of asthma. Journal of Immunology, 180:1834-1842.Metabolic Syndrome in Yup'ik Eskimos: The Center for Alaska Native Health Research (CANHR) Study-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Boyer, B.B., Mohatt, G.V., Plaetke, R., Herron, J., Stanhope, K.L., Stephensen, C.B., Havel, P.J. 2007. Metabolic Syndrome in Yup'ik Eskimos: The Center for Alaska Native Health Research (CANHR) Study. Obesity. Vol.15 No.11, 2535-2540.DIETS RICH IN POLYPHENOLS AND VITAMIN A INHIBIT THE DEVELOPMENT OF TYPE I AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES IN NONOBESE DIABETIC MICE-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Zunino, S.J., Storms, D.H., Stephensen, C.B. Diets rich in polyphenols and vitamin a inhibit the development of type i autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Journal of Nutrition. 137:1216-1221.DISRUPTION OF RXRA GENE IN THYMOCYTES AND T LYMPHOCYTES MODESTLY ALTERS LYMPHOCYTE FREQUENCIES, PROLIFERATION, SURVIVAL AND T HELPER TYPE 1/TYPE 2 BALANCE-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Borowsky, A.D., Lloyd, K.K. 2007. DISRUPTION OF RXRA GENE IN THYMOCYTES AND T LYMPHOCYTES MODESTLY ALTERS LYMPHOCYTE FREQUENCIES, PROLIFERATION, SURVIVAL AND T HELPER TYPE 1/TYPE 2 BALANCE. Immunology. 121:484-498.Zinc Supplementation to Pregnant Rats with Adequate Zinc Nutriture Suppresses Immune Functions in their Offspring-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Raqib, R., Hossain, M.B., Kelleher, S.L., Stephensen, C.B., Lonnerdal, B. Zinc Supplementation to Pregnant Rats with Adequate Zinc Nutriture Suppresses Immune Functions in their Offspring. Journal of Nutrition. 137: 1037-1042.GLUTATHIONE, GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE AND SELENIUM STATUS IN HIV-POSITIVE AND HIV-NEGATIVE ADOLESCENTS-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Marquis, G.S., Douglas, S.D., Kruzich, L.A., Wilson, C.M. 2007. GLUTATHIONE, GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE AND SELENIUM STATUS IN HIV-POSITIVE AND HIV-NEGATIVE ADOLESCENTS. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.  85:173-181.VITAMINS D STATUS IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH HIV INFECTION-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Marquis, G.S., Kruzich, L.A., Douglas, S.D., Wilson, C.M. 2006. VITAMINS D STATUS IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH HIV INFECTION. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 83:1135-41.VITAMINS C AND E IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH HIV INFECTION-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Marquies, G.S., Jacob, R.A., Kruzich, L.A., Douglas, S.D., Wilson, C.M. 2006. Vitamins c and e in adolescents and young adults with hiv infection. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006. 83:870-879.THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM - FRIEND AND FOE-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Kelley, D.S., Stephensen, C.B. 2006. THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM - FRIEND AND FOE. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 83:187-188, 2006.LYSINE DEFICIENCY AND FEED RESTRITION INDEPENDENTLY ALTER CATIONIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER EXPRESSION IN CHICKENS-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Humphrey, B.D., Stephensen, C.B., Calvert, C.C., Klasing, K.C. 2006. Lysine deficiency and feed restrition independently alter cationic amino acid transporter expression in chickens. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A 143:218-227.RETINOID X RECEPTOR AGONISTS INCREASE BCL2A1 EXPRESSION AND DECREASE APOPTOSIS OF NAÏVE T LYMPHOCYTES-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Rasooly, R., Schuster, G.U., Gregg, J.P., Xiao, J.H., Chandraratna, R., Stephensen, C.B. 2005. RETINOID X RECEPTOR AGONISTS INCREASE BCL2A1 EXPRESSION AND DECREASE APOPTOSIS OF NAÏVE T LYMPHOCYTES. Journal of Immunology.  175:7916-7929.PLASMA CYTOKINIES AND OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN HIV-POSITIVE AND HIV-NEGATIVE ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS: A PROTECTIVE ROLE FOR IL-10?-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Marquis, G.S., Douglas, S.D., Wilson, C.M. 2005. Plasma cytokinies and oxidative damage in hiv-positive and hiv-negative adolescents and young adults: a protective role for il-10. Trade Journal Publication.FISH OIL AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASE: IS ASTHMA THE NEXT TARGET FOR N-3 FATTY ACID SUPPLEMENTS?-() Stephensen, C.B. 2004. Fish oil and inflammatory disease: is asthma the next target for n-3 fatty acid supplements?. Nutrition Reviews. 62(12):486-9.VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY INCREASES THE IN VIVO DEVELOPMENT OF IL-10-POSITIVE TH2 AND DECREASES DEVELOPMENT OF TH1 CELLS IN MICE-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Jiang, X., Freytag, T. 2004. Vitamin a deficiency increases the in vivo development of il-10-positive th2 and decreases development of th1 cells in mice. Journal of Nutrition. 134:2660-2666.IMMUNE ACTIVATION AND OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN HIV-POSITIVE AND HIV-NEGATIVE ADOLESCENTS-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Marquis, G.S., Kruzich, L., Jacob, R.A., Douglas, S., Wilson, C. 2005. Immune activation and oxidative damage in hiv-positive and hiv-negative adolescents. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 2005. 38(2):180-90.GLUCOSE AND CATIONIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER EXPRESSION IN GROWING CHICKENS (GALLUS GALLUS DOMESTICUS)-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Humphrey, B.D., Stephensen, C.B., Calvert, C.C., Klasing, K.C. 2004. GLUCOSE AND CATIONIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER EXPRESSION IN GROWING CHICKENS (GALLUS GALLUS DOMESTICUS). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 138:515-525.VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY INCREASES INCREASES IN VIVO DEVELOPMENT OF IL-10-PROSITIVE TH2 CELLS AND DECREASES DEVELOPMENT OF TH-1 CELLS IN MICE-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Jiang, X., Freytab, T. 2004. Vitamin a deficiency increases increases in vivo development of il-10-prositive th2 cells and decreases development of th-1 cells in mice. Journal of Nutrition. 134:2660-2666, 2004.U.S. YOUTH IN THE EARLY STAGE OF HIV DISEASE HAVE LOW INTAKES OF SOME MICRONUTRIENTS IMPORTANT FOR OPTIMAL IMMUNE FUNCTION-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Kruzich, L.A., Marquis, G.S., Carriquirry, A.L., Wilson, C.M., Stephensen, C.B. 2004. U.S. youth in the early stage of hiv disease have low intakes of some micronutrients important for optimal immune function. American Dietetic Association. 104(7): 1095-1101.HIV-INFECTED U.S. YOUTH ARE AT HIGH RISK OF OBESITY AND POOR DIETARY QUALITY:  A CHALLENGE FOR IMPROVING SHORT- AND LONG-TERM HEALTH OUTCOMES-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Kruzich, L.A., Marquis, G.S., Wilson, C.M., Stephensen, C.B. 2004. Hiv-infected u.s. youth are at high risk of obesity and poor dietary quality:  a challenge for improving short- and long-term health outcomes. American Dietetic Association. Vol.104 N.10:1554-1560.COMMENTARY: A HYPOTHESIS CONCERNING VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION, VACCINES AND CHILDHOOD MORTALITY-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B. 2003. Commentary: a hypothesis concerning vitamin a supplementation, vaccines and childhood mortality. International Journal of Epidemiology. 32(5):828-829.MODERATE ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTATION HAS NO EFFECT ON BIOMARKERS OF OXIDANTDAMAGE IN HEALTHY MEN WITH LOW FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INTAKES-(Peer Reviewed Journal)
 Prominent ProjectsImpact of Diet on Intestinal Microbiota, Gut Health and Immune FunctionIn-House Appropriated (D)Accession Number:432895Assessment of Intestinal Permeability in Human ParticipantsNon-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)Accession Number:436717Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Human Fecal SamplesNon-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)Accession Number:436885Laboratory Support of Human Nutrition Trials on Diet and Immune FunctionNon-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)Accession Number:430587The Role of Honey and Small Intestine Microbes in Digestive HealthTrust Fund Cooperative Agreement (T)Accession Number:435767Association of Dairy Intake With Protection Against Gastrointestinal InflammationTrust Fund Cooperative Agreement (T)Accession Number:436064
 Methods, Technique and Software
                              **Methods and Technique**
The Stephensen Lab focuses on analytical methods for the analysis of immune function:
• Flow cytometric analysis of the human immune system: BD LSR Fortessa 4-laser flow cytometer
• Leukocyte magnetic cell sorting: RoboSep magnetic bead cell sorter
• Measurement of cytokines in plasma or secreted by leukocytes: Meso-Scale Discovery Sector Imager 2400


        
        
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            Last Modified:
2/8/2022

    

    
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