### J - A27009 - 17

NON - PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37 DONALD J. FREUND IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA APPELLANT

v. LINDA A. BRADEN - FREUND

v. GREATER PITTSBURGH TRAP AND SKEET, INC., M. CONSTANCE GATO, EXECUTRIX, UNDER THE LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT OF MARGARET S. FREUND, DECEASED, M. CONSTANCE GATO, MARY DAWN DRUMMOND, J. DONALD FREUND AND MARK J. FREUND NO. 1196 WDA 2016

Appeal from the Order E ntered July 18, 2016 in the Court of Common Pleas of Washington County Civil Division at No(s): C - 63 - CV - 200402627 BEFORE: BENDER , P.J. E. , SHOGAN, J., and M USMANNO , J. MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.: FILED JANUARY 19, 2018 Donald J. Freund (Husband) appeals from the July 18, 2016 order, entered after remand from this Court, 1 

### that essentially reinstated the April 14, 2011 decree in divorce and the equitable distribution scheme contained therein. After extensive review, we affirm.

____________________________________________ 1 

### See Freund v. Baden - Freund , 91 A.3d 1279 (Pa. Super. 2013) (unpublished memorandum).

### J - A 27009 - 17

- 2 -

This li ti gation be gan in 2004 when Husband filed a complaint in divorce and Linda A. Braden - Freund (Wife) filed a counterclaim in divorce . This case has continued unabated since that time. Following the remand as directed by this Court in a memorandum opinion filed in 201 3, further proceedings were held before the trial court and the order from which Husband now appeals was entered on July 18, 2016. In the present appeal, Husband raises the following four issues: 1. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law and/or a bused its discretion in relying on a transcript from an unrelated proceeding that was never offered or received into evidence, when rendering it s decision[?] 2. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law and/or abused its discretion in determining tha t the increased value of a corporation which [Husband] managed but in which he never held any ownership interest, constituted marital property subject to equitable distribution[?] 3. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law and/or abused its discretion by misapplying the doctrine of “piercing the corporate veil” or otherwise in ignoring the corporate form to determine that [Husband ] was the “de facto” owner of said corporation[?] 4. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law and/or abused its discretion in determining that [Wife] did not waive her right to appreciation and/or increase in value of premarital property under the terms of the parties’ prenuptial agreement[?] Husband’s brief at 6 - 7. Generally , in addressing the types of issues raised in this appeal, we are guided by the following:

### J - A 27009 - 17

- 3 -

Our standard of review in assessing the propriety of a marital property distribution is whether the trial court abused its discretion by a misapplication of the law or failure to follow proper legal p rocedure. An abuse of discretion is not found lightly, but only upon a showing of clear and convincing evidence. McCoy v. McCoy , 888 A.2d 906, 908 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citations omitted). When reviewing an award of equitable distribution, “we measure th e circumstances of the case against the objective of effectuating economic justice between the parties and achieving a just determination of their property rights.” Hayward v. Hayward , 868 A.2d 554, 559 (Pa. Super. 2005). Moreover, it is within the provi nce of the trial court to weigh the evidence and decide credibility and this Court will not reverse those determinations so long as they are supported by the evidence. Sternlicht v. Sternlicht , 822 A.2d 732, 742 n.8 (Pa. Super. 2003 ) , aff’d , 876 A.2 d 904 (Pa. 2005). We have reviewed the ce rtified record, the brief filed by Husband and the responsive brief filed by Wife, the relevant law, and the extensive, well reasoned analysis provided by the Honorable John F. DiSalle of the Court of Common Pleas of W ashington County in his opinion, dated July 20, 2017. We conclude that Judge DiSalle’s opinion correctly disposes of the issues raised by Husband and, accordingly, we adopt that opinion as our own and affirm the order on that basis. Order affirmed.

### J - A 27009 - 17

- 4 -

Judgment Entered. Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary Date: 1/19/2018Circulated 12/28/2017 09:46 AM 

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IN T H E C O UR T O F C O M M O N P L E A S O F W A S HIN G T O N C O U N T Y , P ENN S Y L V A

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O P IN I O N 

### Th i s m att e r c o m e s b e fo r e th e S u p e r i o r C o urt o f P e nn s y l v an i a o n a p p e a l fr o m th e t � i a l c o urt ' s o r d e r o f

. Ju l y 1 8 , 2 0 1 6 , r e i n s t at i n g i t s d e c r e e o f e qu i t ab l e d i s tr i b ut i o n an d fi n a l d i v o r c e d e c r e e d at e d Ap r il 1 4 , 2 0 1 1. 

### T h e o r d e r a p p e a l e d fr o m w a s e n t e r e d a ft e r c o n s i d e rati o n o f a d d i t i o n a l t e s t i m o ny an d e v i d e n c e o ff e r e d , an d r e v i e w o f th e e nt i r e r e c o r d fo ll o w in g r e m an d b y th e S u p e r i o r C o urt p ur s u an t t o th e M e m o r an d um O p i n i o n d at e d N o v e mb e r 8 , 2 0 13 .' 

### P l a i n t i ff , a p p e ll an t J . 

### D o n a l d F r e un d ( h e r e i n a f t e r r e fe rr e d t o a s " H u s b an d " ) fil e d a t i m e l y a p p e a l fr o m th e 

### Ju l y 1 8 , 2 0 1 6 

### o r d e r , d o c k e t e d at 

### N o . 11 9 6 W D A 2 0 1 6 .

1 N o . 77 9 W D A 2 0 1 l . 

### 1
A p p e n d i x C. l ' I f 

### T h e P art i e s :

T h e o ri g i n a l p art i e s t o th i s d i v o r c e a c t i o n ar e p l a i n t i ff , H u s b an d an d d e fe n d an t Li n d a A. 

### B ra d e n - F r e un d ( h e r e i n a ft e r r e fe rr e d t o a s " W i fe ' } B y M e m o r an d um O p i n i o n d at e d N o v e mb e r 8 , 2 0 1 3 , th e S u p e ri o r C o urt fo un d th at , w i th r e s p e c t t o th e tri a l c o urt ' s d e c i s i o n r e g ar d in g th e v a l u e o f th e m ari t a l e s t at e , th e e s t at e o f H u s b an d ' s m o th e r , M ar g ar e t F r e un d , i t s ' h e i r s , an d th e c o r p o rat i o n . kn o wn a s G r e at e r P i tt s b ur g h . T r a p an d S k e e t , In c . ( h e r e i n a ft e r r e fe rr e d t o a s th e " G un C l ub " ) w e r e i n d i s p e n s ab l e p art i e s t o th e li t i g at i o n " b e c au s e any e qu i t ab l e d i s tr i b ut i o n s c h e m e w o u l d a ff e c t th e i r ri g h t s i n th e p ro p e rty . " 2 

### A s s e t fo rth b e l o w , th e S u p e r i o r C o urt a c kn o w l e d g e d th at th i s c a s e d i d n o t i n v o l v e th e d i s tr i b ut i o n o f any o f th e G un C l ub ' s a s s e t s o r a s s e t s o f M o th e r ' s e s tat e , b ut n e v e rth e l e s s v a c at e d th e o r d e r o f e qu i t ab l e d i s tri b ut i o n an d d i r e c t e d " th e tri a l c o urt t o j o i n th e s e p art i e s an d c o n d u c t a 

### d e n o v o h e ar i n g . ' " I n a c c o r d an c e w i th 

### th e S u p e r i o r C o urt ' s o r d e r o f

r e m an d , th e tri a l c o urt e n t e r e d an o r d e r d at e d Au g u s t 5 , 2 0 1 4 , am e n d i n g th e c a p t i o n o f th e c a s e t o i n cl u d e a s a d d i t i o n a l d e fe n d an t s , th e c o rp o r at e e n t i ty kn o wn a s G r e at e r P i tt s b ur g h T r a p an d S k e e t , I n c . ( th e

" G un C l ub " ) , M . C o n s t an c e G at o , E x e c utri x un d e r th e L as t W ill an d T e s t am e n t o f M ar g ar e t S . F r e un d , d e ce a s e d ( h e r e i n a ft e r r e fe rr e d t o a s " M o th e r ' s e s t at e " ) , an d th e in d i v i d u a l h e i r s o f M o th e r ' s e s t at e , M . C o n s t an c e G at o , M ary D awn D rum m o n d , J . 

### D o n a l d F r e un d ( H u s b an d ) , an d M ark J . 

### F r e un d . P r o c e d ura l an d F a c tu a l H i s t o ry : T h e p art i e s w e r e m ar

r i e d o n D e c e mb e r l , 2 0 0 1 . O n Ap r i l 3 0 , 2 0 0 4 , H u s b an d fil e d a C o mp l a i n t i n D i v o r c e , a ll e g i n g th at th e p art i e s ' m ar r i a g e w a s i rr e tr i e v a

b l y b ro k e n .

2 S u p e r i o r C o urt O p i n i o n , N o . 77 9 W D A 2 0 1 1 , p . 1 7 , n o t e 5 . 3 Id
. 2
A p p e n d i x C' I (
O n M ay 1 9 , 2 0 0 4 , W i fe fil e d a C o un t e r c l a i m i n D i v o r c e , li k e w i s e a ll e g i n g th a t th e m arri a g e w as i rr e tr i e v ab l y b r o k e n . I n a d d it i o n , W i fe ' s c o un t e r cl a i m i n c l u d e d i n d i v i d u a l c o un t s fo r e qu i t ab l e d i s tri b ut i o n , a li m o ny p e n d e n t li te, al i m o ny , an d fo r c o un s e l fe e s , c o s t s an d e xp e n s e s . P r i o r t o th e i r m arr i a g e , o n N o v e mb e r 2 7 , 2 0 0 1 , th e p art i e s h a d e n t e r e d i n t o a p r e nu

p t i a l a g r e e m e n t p r o v i d i n g , am o n g o th e r th i n g s , th a t a ll p r o p e rty b e l o n g i n g t o e i th e r p arty a t th e t i m e o f th e a g r ee m e n t w a s e x e c u t e d as w e ll a s any p r o ce e d s g e n e rat e d b y th e s e as s e t s w o u l d r e m a i n th e s o l e an d s e p ar at e p r o p e rty o f th e ' p arty o w n i n g th e a s s e t at th e t i m e o f th e e x e c ut i o n o fth e A g r e e m e n t. T h e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t d i d n o t e x c l u d e fr o m th e m ari t a l e s t at e 

### any a p p r e c i at i o n o r i n c r e a s e i n v a l u e o f th e p r e m ari ta l p ro p e rty , n o r d i d th e p art i e s w ai v e th e i r ri g h t t o c l a i m a li m o ny , a li m o ny I p e n d e n te li te o r c o un s e l fe e s . Th e p r e d o m i n an t i s s u e o f c o n t e n t i o n d uri n g th e d i v o r c e p ro c e e d i n g s an d o n a p p e a l w as H u s b an d ' s o w n e r s h i p i n t e r e s t i n th e b u s i n e s s kn o wn a s G r e a t e r P itt s b ur g h T ra p an d S k e e t , I n c . . ( h e r e i n a ft e r th e " G un C l ub " ) . Th e c o rp o r at e e n t i ty w h i c h o w n e d th e G un C l ub b u s i n e s s w a s p urp o rt e d l y t i tl e d i n th e n am e o f H u s b an d ' s M o th e r . H o w e v e r , H u s b an d o p e rat e d an d m an a g e d th e G un C l ub , li v e d i n th e b u s i n e s s p r e m i s e s , o wn e d th e p ro p e rty o n w h i c h th e b u s i n e s s w a s l o c at e d an d c o n tro ll e d a ll o f th e b u s i n e s s a c c o un t s . N e v e rth e l e s s , H u s b an d cl a i m e d t o h av e n o o wn e r s h i p i n t e r e s t th e G un C l u b an d c o n t i nu e s t o m a i n t a i n th at th e a p p r e ci at i o n i n i t s v a l u e s h o u l d n o t h av e b e e n c o n s i d e r e d i n th e m ar i ta l e s t at e . H u s b an df urth e r c l a im e d t o r e c e i v e n o c o mp e n s at i o n fo r o p e rat i n g th e G un C l ub b u s i n e s s e v e n th o u g h th e b u s i n e s s r e p o rt e d s i g n i fi c an t annu a l i n c o m e . F r o m th e o ut s e t , W i fe d i s p ut e d H u s b an d ' s c l a i m , a s s e rt i n g th at a ll e v i d e n c e an d c i r c um s t an c e s

3 A p p e n d i x C' 

### ' ( in d i c at e d th at H u s b an d w a s th e tru e o w n e r o f th e G un C l ub an d a ll o f i t s a s s e t s an d i n c o m e . O n M ay 2 8 , 2 0 0 4 , th e tr i a l c o urt s i g n e d an o r d e r a p p o i n t in g d i v o r c e m a s t e r T h o m as C . P an i an , E s qu i r e t o h e ar t e s ti m o ny an d s ub m it r e c o m m e n d at i o n s w i th r e s p e c t t o th e d i v o r c e , e qu it ab l e d i s tr i b ut i o n , c o un s e l f e e s an d a li m o ny p e n d

e n te l ite . P r i o r t o th e p r o c e e d i n g s b e fo r e th e d i v o r c e m a s t e r , W i fe ' s c o un s e l p r e s e n t e d a p e t i t i o n a ll e g i n g th at H u s b an d w a s i n s o l e c o n tro l o f th e a s s e t s an d fi n an ci a l r e c o r d s th at w o u l d b e n e c e s s ary

. fo r th e p r o c e e d i n g s , an d th at d e p o s i t i o n s w o u l d b e n e c e s s ar y t o d e t e rm i n e th e p art i e s ' s o ur c e s o f i n c o m e . W i fe ' s C o un s e l a l s o p r e s e n t e d a P e t i t i o n fo r S p e ci a l R e li e f r e qu e s t i n g th at th e C o urt e n t e r an o r d e r a ll o wi n g h e r t o e n t e r th e m ar i ta l r e s i d e n c e t o r e tri e v e n o n m art i a l p e r s o n a l p ro p e rty an d i n v e n t o ry m ar i t a l p r o p e rty fo r a p p ra i s a l p urp o s e s . In r e s p o n s e , th e C o urt o r d e r e d th at H u s b an d p ay W i fe $ 3 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 t o W i fe w ith i n s e v e n d ay s , w hi c h am o un t w o u l d b e d e d u c t e d fr o m th e u lt i m at e s e tt l e m e n t o r fi n a l d e c r e e i n th e m att e r . A d d i t i o n a ll y , th e C o urt e n j o i n e d b o th p art i e s fr o m d i s s i p at i n g , a li e n at i n g o r e n c umb e ri n g any m ar i t a l a s s e t s p e n d i n g furth e r o r d e r . F o ll o w i n g a s e c o n d P e ti t i o n fo r S p e c i a l R e li e f th at a ll e g e d th at W i fe r e qu i r e d a d d it i o n a l fun d s t o c o n d u c t f urth e r d i s c o v e ry , th e C o urt , o n O c t o b e r 2 5 , 2 0 0 4 , i s s u e d an o r d e r d i r e c t i n g H u s b an d t o p ay W i fe an a d d i t i o n a l $ 5 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 fo r w h i c h H u s b an d w a s g i v e n c r e d i t a g a i n s t any aw ar d m a d e t o W i fe b y w ay o f s e tt l e m e n t o r fi n a l d e c r e e . O n S e p t e mb e r 1 2 , 2 0 0 5 , fo ll o w in g fo ur ( 4 ) h e ar i n g s r e g ar d i n g th e i s s u e s o f a l i m o ny 

### p e n d

e n te li te an d c o un s e l fe es , th e d i v o r c e m a s t e r e n t e r e d a P r e li m i n ary R e p o rt , w hi c h r e c o mm e n d e d th at H u s b an d p ay t o W i fe th e s um 0 ( $ 1 ; 0 8 6 . 0 0 p e r m o n th as A P L an d r e c o m m e n d e d th at arr e ar a g e s b e s e t at $ 1 9 , 5 7 3 . 0 0 an d b e r e t i r e d at th e rat e o f



### 4 A p p e n d i x C

### . (



## • $ 3 5 0 . 0 0 p e r m o n th . Th e d i v o r c e m a s t e r furth e r r e c o mm e n d e d th at H u s b an d p ay t o W i fe $ 8 , 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 a s p r e li m i n ary att o rn e y ' s f e e s . H u s b an d th e n fil e d t i m e l y e x c e p t i o n s t o th e M as t e r ' s P r e li m i n ary R e p o rt . B y an O p i n i o n an d O r d e r d at e d Jun e 2 9 , 2 0 0 6 , th e tri a l c o urt d i s m i s s e d H u s b an d ' s e x c e p t i o n s . " F o ll o w i n g th e c o n c l u s i o n o f th e h e ar i n g s , th e d i v o r c e 

### m a s t e r ' i s s u e d a R e p o rt an d R e c o mm e n d a t i o n r e g ar d i n g m ar i t a l p r o p e rty , e qu i t ab l e d i s tri b ut i o n an d a l i m o ny . Th e m as t e r fo un d th a t H u s b an d h a d m a d e a ll p ay m e n t s r e qu i r e d o f h i m b y th e C o urt ' s A u g u s t 5 , 2 0 0 4 an d O c t o b e r 2 5 , 2 0 0 4 O r d e r s . I n a d d i t i o n , th e m a s t e r fo un d , fo r p urp o s e s o f d e t e rm i nin g e qu i tab l e d i s tri b ut i o n , a li m o ny , an d c o un s e l fe e s an d e xp e n s e s , th a t H u s b an d

. h a d an annu a l n e t e arn i n g c a p a ci ty o f $ 5 4 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 , 6 w h il e W i fe h a d an annu a l e arn i n g c a p a ci ty o f $ 2 3 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 7 T h e m as t e r m a d e th e s e fi n d i n g s w i th s tr o n g c o n s i d e rat i o n o f th e fi n d i n g s o f

th e fo rm e r d i v o r c e m a s te r P an i an a s s e t fo rth i n th e P r e li m i n ary R e p o rt o n A li m o ny 

### P e n d

e n te L ite an d C o un s e l F e e s . 8 . Th e m a s t e r n e x t m a d e fi n d i n g s r e g ar d i n g a numb e r o f i t e m s o f p r e m ar i t al an d m ari t a l p e r s o n a l ty . F ir s t , th e m as t e r fo un d th at H u s b an d , o n D e c e mb e r 1 2 , 2 0 0 0 , p ur c h as e d a 2 0 0 1 F o r d T auru s aut o m o b il e an d th at i t w as p r e m ar i t a l p r o p e rty w i th n o i n c r e as e i n v a l u e d

uri n g th e m arr i a g e , w h ic h w o u l d n o t b e c o n s i d e r e d fo r p urp o s e s o f

4 A t i s s u e b e fo r e th e m a s t e r a t th a t p ro c e e d i n g w a s H u s b an d ' s o w n e r s h i p o f th e G un C l ub . Th e tri a l c o urt co ul d n o t i g n o r e th e c o mp e lli n g r e p o rt an d t es ti m o ny o f W i fe ' s e xp e rt , G r e g o ry C l ark , C P A, CV A , o f B r a b e n d e r M a s c e tt a , L L C , o r H u s b an d ' s o w n a dm i ss i o n s r e g ar d i n g h i s c o n tr o l o f th e C l u b ' s fi n an ci al a ff

a i r s . A c co r d i n g l y , th e tri a l c o urt fo un d th e e vi d e n c e cl e ar l y s u p p o rt e d th e m a s t e r ' s fi n d i n g th a t th e i n c o m e fr o m th e G un C l ub b e lo n g e d t o H u s b an d . F urth e rm o r e , e v e n h a d th e c o urt o v e r l oo k e d th e e vi d e n c e an d fo un d th at H u s b an d w a s , a s h e c la i m e d , m e r e l y an unp a i d b u s i n es s m an a g e r o f th e C l u b , th e tri a l c o urt c o u l d n e v e rth e l e ss i mp u t e i n c o m e t o h i m i n a c co r d an c e wi th h i s r e s p o n s i b ili ti e s a s th e g e n e ra l m an a g e r o f th e G un C l u b . Th e tri al c o urt fo un d th a t i t w a s fa i r t o i mp u t e t o H u s b an d , a s a b u s i n e s s m an a g e r o f a g o i n g c o n c e rn o f th at m a g n i tu d e , a n e t annu a l i n c o m e o f $ 5 3 , 44 2 , 0 0 , a s w a s d e t e rm i n e d b y th e m a s t e r . s S t e p h e n F e ri t o , Es qu i r e s u c c e e d e d Th o m a s P an i an as th e d i v o r c e m a s t e ru p o n M r . P an i an ' s r e ti r e m e n t . 6 Th i s am o un t o f i n co m e w a s i mp u t e d b a s e d o n th e m a s t e r ' s fi n d i n g r e g ar d i n g H u s b an d ' s m an a g i n g th e b u s i n e ss o f th e G un C l u

b . 7 Jn m aki n g th i s r e c o m m e n d ati o n , th e m a s t e r a c kn o w l e d g e d th e fa ct th at W i fe ' s e d u c a t i o n a l b a c k g r o un d w a s s u pe r i o r t o th at o f H u s b an d . · a M a s t e r F e r i t o n o t e d th a t th e e vi d e n c e p r e s e n t e d at th e h e ar i n g s s u b s e qu e n t t o th e fi li n g o f m a s t e r P an i an ' s r e p o rt d i d n o t l e a d h i m t o r e a c h any d i ff e r e n t c o n cl u s i o ns r e g ar d i n g th e e arn i n g s o r e arn i n g c a p a ci t i es o f th e p arti es . 

### 5 A p p e n d i x CI • ; • 

### •

e qu i t a

b l e d i s tr i b u t i o n . N e x t , H u s b an d cl a i m e d th at , p ri o r t o th e m arr i a g e , h e l e n t th e s um o f $ 3 , 5 0 0 . 0 0 t o W i fe w h i c h h a d n o t b e e n r e p a i d , w h i c h th e m a s t e r d e t e rm i n e d th at , s i n c e th e l o an w a s m a d e p r i o r t o th e m arr i a g e , w a s cl e ar l y n o t m ar it a l p ro p e rty or m ar i t a l d e b t , an d n o t t o b e c o n s i d e r e d fo r e qu i t ab l e d i s tr i b ut i o n p urp o s e s . T h e m a s t e r th e n a d dr e s s e d th e i s s u e s o f th e e n g a g e m e n t r i n g an d p e r s o n a l ty . H e fo un d th e r e c o r d e s t a

b li s h e d th at , p r i o r t o th e m ar ri a g e , H u s b an d g av e an e n g a g e m e n t ri n g t o W i fe th e m a i n s t o n e o f w h i c h w a s t ak e n fr o m an h e i rl o o m ri n g o f h i s fam il y . Th e p art i e s h a d an un d e r s t an d i n g th at , i f th e m arr i a g e d i d n o t s urv i v e , th e s t o n e w o u l d b e r e t urn e d t o H u s b an d . T h e r e fo r e , th e m a s t e r · r e c o m m e n d e d th at W i fe r e t urn th e h e i rl o o m s t o n e t o H u s b an d . A d d i t i o n a ll y , th e m a s t e r fo un d th a t H u s b an d g i ft e d a w e d d i n g dr e s s w i th a v a l u e o f $ 4 9 8 . 0 0 t o W i fe , w h i c h H u s b an d r e fu s e d t o r e t urn t o h e r . T h e m a s t e r r e c o m m e n d e d th a t H u s b an d r e turn i t t o W i fe o r , i n th e a l t e rn a t i v e , p ay W i fe th e s um o f $ 4 9 8 . 0 0 . Th e m as t e r a l s o fo un d th at W i fe r e c e i v e d o r h a d th e o p p o rt un i ty t o o b t a i n a ll o f th e i t e m s o fp e r s o n a l ty fr o m th e m ari t a l r e s i d e n c e th at s h e d e s i r e d . A d d i t i o n a ll y , th e m a s t e r d e t e rm i n e d th a t th e r e c o r d d i d n o t e s t ab li s h th a t any o th e r i t e m s o f W i fe ' s p e r s o n a l p ro p e rty e x i s t e d . W i th r e g ar d t o W i fe ' s cl a i m fo r th e d i s tr i b u t i o n o f H u s b an d ' s i n v e s tm e n t a s s e t s , th e M as t e r fo un d th a t th e r e c o r d cl e ar l y e s t ab l i s h e d th a t a ll o f th e i n v e s tm e n t a s s e t s i n e x i s t e n c e a s o f

th e d a t e o f s e p arat i o n w e r e c o v e r e d b y th e t e rm s o f th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t. A l th o u g h s o m e i n v e s tm e n t a c c o un t s i n e x i s t e n c e a t th e t i m e o f s e p arat i o n d i d
n o � e x i s t at th e d at e o f th e m ar ri a g e , th e y w e r e , i n fa c t , r e - i n v e s tm e n t s o f fun d s th at e x i s t e d at th e d at e th e p art i e s s i g n e d th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t. T h e r e fo r e , th e m as t e r

6 Ap p e n d i x Cfo un d th at th e a s s e t s w e r e g e n e rat e d fr o m a c c o un ts c o v e r e d b y th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t an d n o t s ub

j e c t t o e qu i t a

b l e d i s tri b ut i o n . 9 W ith r e g ar d t o th e p art i e s ' r e a l p ro p e rty , d ur i n g th e m arr i a g e , th e p arti e s p ur c h a s e d a t i m e s h ar e fo r $ 1 1 , 0 7 6 . 0 0 an d a m e mb e r s h i p t o a 

## u v a c at i o n C l ub " at a c o s t o f $ 2 , 5 0 0 . 0 0 . Th e m a s t e r fo un d th a t b o th th e t i m e s h ar e an d m e mb e r s h i p i n th e " V a c at i o n C l ub " w e r e m art i a l p r o p e rty fo r p ur p o s e s o fe qu i ta

b l e d i s tri b u t i o n . T h e m as t e r furth e r fo un d th at th e r e a l p ro p e rty o w n e d b y H u s b an d i n R o b i n s o n T o w n s h i p , W a s h i n g t o n C o un ty , P e nn s y l v an i a ( th e G un C l ub p ro p e rty ) , w a s p r e m ar i t a l an d h a d n o i n c r e as e i n v a l u e d ur in g th e tw e n ty - e i g h t ( 2 8 ) m o n th t e rm o fth e m arr i a g e . F i n a ll y , th e m a s t e r a d dr e s s e d W i fe ' s a ll e g at i o n th at H u s b an d h a d an o w n e r s h i p i n t e r e s t i n th e b u s i n e s s kn o w n as . G r e at e r P i tt s b ur g h T ra p & S k e e t , I n c . ( th e G un C l ub ) , an d th a t s h e w as e n ti t l e d t o an aw ar d o f s o m e p o rt i o n o fth e i n c r e a s e i n th e v a l u e o f th e b u s i n e s s th at m ay h av e a c c ru e d d uri n g th e m ar

r i a g e . M as t e r F e ri t o fo un d th at th e c o r p o ra t i o n w a s a n o n - m ar i t al a s s e t an d w a s s o l e l y o w n e d b y H u s b an d ' s m o th e r . M o r e o v e r , W i fe m a d e c l a i m s fo r d i s tr i b ut i o n s o f a s s e t s fr o m th e b u s i n e s s o f th e G un

. C l ub . M a s t e r F e ri t o fo un d th at , a l th o u gh i t h a d b e e n p r e v i o u s l y d e t e rm i n e d th a t H u s b an d m an a g e d an d c o n tro ll e d th e b u s in e s s o f th e G un C l ub , h e d i d n o t h av e any o w n e r s h i p in t e r e s t i n th e b u s i n e s s an d th e r e fo r e , n e i th e r th e b u s i n e s s n o r any a p p r e ci a t i o n i n v a l u e w o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d a s m ari t a l p r o p e rty fo r p ur p o s e s o fe qu i t ab l e d i s tr i b u t i o n . ' ?

9 I n v es tm e n t a cc o un t s e x i s t e d w i th Co l es P artn e r s h i p , D ear S t e rn s , an d C a p i t a l F i n an ci a l an d w e r e n o t li s t e d i n th e p r e nu

p t i a l a g r e e m e n t , th es e a c c o un t s w e r e fun d e d fr o m o f p r e vi o u s p r e m ar i t a l i n v e s tm e n t s . 1 0 P ri o r t o h i s r e t i r e m e n t , m a s t e r P an i an a ctu al l y fo un d th a t H u s b an d w a s th e o wn e r o f th e G un C l u b i n hi s r e c o m m e n d ati o n t o th e C o urt r e g ar d i n g a l i m o ny p e n d e n t e lit e . I n d e nyi n g H u s b an d ' s e x c e p ti o n s t o th e m a s t e r ' sr e c o m m e n d at i o n i n 2 0 0 6 , th e tri a l c o urt d i d n o t n e e d t o r e a c h th e is s u e fo r th e p ur p o s e o f d e t e rm i n i n g a li m o ny , fi n d i n g th at al th o u g h H u s b an d cl ai m ed h e h a d n o o w n e r s h i p o f o r i n c o m e fr o m th e G un C l u b , H u s b an d s h o u l d h av e i n any c as e an i mp u t e d i n c o m e b a s e d o n th e G un C l u b ' s i n c o m e an d as s e t s . 7 A p p e n d i x CAft e r m ak i n g th e a b o v e fi n d i n g s , th e m a s t e r c o n cl u d e d th a t th e m arr i a g e b e tw e e n th e p art i e s w a s i rr e tri e v ab l y b r o k e n an d th at th e p art i e s h a d li v e d s e p ar at e an d a p art fo r a p e ri o d i n e x c e s s o f tw o y e ar s . T h e r e fo r e , th e e n try o f a D e c r e e i n D i v o r c e p ur s u an t t o § 3 3 0 l ( d ) o fth e D i v o r c e C o d e w a s a p p r o p r i at e . I n a d d i ti o n , th e m a s t e r fo un d th a t an o r d e r o f e qu i t a

b l e d i s tri b ut i o n an d an aw ar d o f al i m o ny w e r e a p p r o p r i at e i n th i s c a s e , b u t th at an aw ar d o f c o un s e l fe e s an d e xp e n s e s w a s n o t. W ith r e g ar d t o e qu i t ab l e d i s tri b ut i o n , th e m a s t e r r e c o m m e n d e d as fo ll o w s : 1 . T h e s t o n e fr o m th e e n g a g e m e n t r i n g s h o u l d b e d i s tri b ut e d t o H u s b an d

i n a c c o r d an c e w i th th e a g r e e m e n t fo un d t o h av e b e e n m a d e b e tw e e n th e . p art i e s . 2 . T h e t i m e s h ar e w i th F e s t i v a R e s o rt s h av i n g a v a l u e o f $ 1 1 , 0 7 6 . 0 0

s h o u l d b e d i s tri b ut e d t o H u s b an d i n c o n s i d e rat i o n o f th e $ 8 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 c r e d i t t o w h i c h H u s b an d 

### is e n t i tl e d p e r th e p r i o r O r d e r s o f C o urt. 3 . V a c at i o n C l ub m e mb e r s h i p s h av i n g a v a l u e o f $ 2 ,5 0 0 . 0 0 s h o u l d b e

d i s tr i b ut e d t o W i fe . 4 . H u s b an d s h a ll m ak e a c a s h p ay m e n t t o W i fe i n th e am o un t o f $ 5 7 6 . 0 0

p l u s r e t ur n th e w e d d i n g dr e s s o r p ay t o W i fe an a d d it i o n a l s um o f $ 4 9 8 . 0 0 .
R e g ar d i n g a li m o ny , th e m a s t e r r e c o m m e n d e d th at H u s b an d p ay a li m o ny t o W i fe i n th e am o un t o f $ 1 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 p e r m o n th fo r a p e r i o d o f tw e l v e ( 1 2 ) m o n th s fr o m th e d at e o f th e fi n a l o r d e r . F i n a ll y , th e m a s t e r fo un d th at th e m a j o ri ty o fth e fe e s an d e xp e n s e s i n c urr e d b y W i fe i n th i s a c t i o n w e r e n o t r e a s o n ab l e s i n c e i t a p p e ar e d th at th e y w e r e

8 A p p e n d i x CI • 

# . . i n c urr e d i n an att e mp t t o li t i g at e i s s u e s th at h a d a l r e a dy b e e n d e c i d e d b y th e tri a l c o urt.

C o n s e qu e n t l y , th e m a s t e r r e c o m m e n d e d th a t n o f urth e r f e e s , c o s t s o r e xp e n s e s s h o u l d b e aw ar d e d t o W i fe . O n M ay 2 5 , 2 0 0 9 , W i fe , thr o u g h h e r att o rn e y , fil e d l e n g thy e x c e p t i o n s t o th e M a s t e r ' s R e p o rt an d R e c o mm e n d a t i o n . H e r e x c e p t i o n s a ll e g e d , 

### i n te r a l ia , th at th e m as t e r fa il e d t o m ak e an a

p p r o p ri at e aw ar d o f att o rn e y f e e s an d c o s t s , th a t th e m a s t e r fa il e d t o m ak e a p p ro p r i at e fi n d i n g s r e g ar d i n g th e s i z e an d v a l u e o f th e m ar i t a l e s t at e , an d th at h e d e m o n s trat e d b i a s a g a i n s t W i fe an d p art i a li ty t o w ar d H u s b an d . W i fe ar g u e d th at th e m a s t e r ' s r e fu s a l t o c o n s i d e r c o mp e t e n t e v i d e n c e r e g ar d i n g H u s b an d ' s c r i m i n a l b a c k gr o un d , an d th a t h i s r e fu s a l t o h e ar e xp e rt t e s t i m o ny r e g ar d i n g th e a p p r e c i at i o n t o th e G un C l u b b u s i n e s s w a s n o t o n l y e rro r b ut d e m o n s trat e d h i s b i a s t o w ar d W i fe . O n Jun e 9 , 2 0 0 9 , H u s b an d fil e d c r o s s e x c e p t i o n s a ll e g i n g th a t th e m a s t e r e r r e d i n tw o r e s p e c t s : ( 1 ) th a t th e m a s t e r fa il e d t o a s s i g n a v a l u e t o th e d i am o n d e n g a g e m e n t ri n g , s u c h th a t i f

W i fe w e r e t o c l a i m th a t s h e d o e s n o t h av e it , n o v a l u e c an b e a ttri b ut e d t o i t fo r d i s tri b ut i o n p urp o s e s , an d ( 2 ) th a t th e m a s t e r aw ar d e d al i m o ny w h e n th i s c a s e in v o l v e d a m arr i a g e l a s t i n g o n l y 2 8 m o n th s b e fo r e s e p arat i o n . H u s b an d furth e r ar g u e d th a t fi v e y e ar s e l a

p s e d b e tw e e n th e d at e o f s e p ar a t i o n an d th e d at e o f th e M a s t e r ' s R e p o rt an d th at h e h a d b e e n p ay i n g a li m o nypen de n te li te ( " A P L " ) i n th e am o un t o f $ 1 , 0 8 6 . 0 0 p e r m o n th fo r fi v e y e ar s . B e c au s e an e x c e s s o f $ 6 0 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 h a d a l r e a dy b e e n p a i d b y H u s b an d t o W i fe , H u s b an d ar g u e d th at th e M a s t e r s h o u l d n o t h av e r e c o m m e n d e d th at th e C o urt aw ar d a li m o ny . Up o n r e c e i v i n g W i fe ' s E x c e p t i o n s an d H u s b an d ' s C r o s s E x c e p t i o n s , th e C o urt s c h e d u l e d ar gum e n t fo r S e p t e mb e r I , 2 0 0 9 an d s e t a b r i e fi n g s c h e d u l e .


### 9 A p p e n d i x C

# . · ' O n O c t o b e r 2 , 2 0 0 9 , W i fe p r e s e n t e d a p e t i t i o n fo r e n fo r c e m e n t , a ll e g i n g th a t

H u s b an d fa il e d t o m ak e t i m e l y A P L p ay m e n t s fo r t � e m o n ths o f Ju l y , A u gu s t an d S e p t e mb e r o f

2 0 0 9 , an d s e e k i n g an o r d e r d i r e c t in g H u s b an d t o p ay t o h e r th e s um o f $ 3 , 2 5 8 . 0 0 fo r d e li n qu e n t s u p p o rt an d an a d d i t i o n a l $ 5 0 0 . 0 0 i n c o un s e l fe e s fo r th e p r e p ar a t i o n an d p r e s e n t at i o n o f th e m o t i o n . Upo n c o n s i d e rat i o n o f th e m o t i o n , an d a ft e r r e v i e w i n g e x h i b i t s e v i d e n c e H u s b an d ' s s i g n ifi c an t i n v e s tm e n t a c c o un ts , th e c o urt g r an t e d W i fe ' s P e t i t i o n an d o r d e r e d H u s b an d t o p ay th e a b o v e am o un t s t o W i fe o r s u ff e r furth e r 

### s an c t i o n s . ' O n N o v e mb e r 2 3 , 2 0 0 9 , W i fe p r e s e n t e d an o th e r p e t i t i o n fo r e n fo r c e m e n t , a ll e g i n g th at H u s b an d fa il e d t o m ak e t i m e l y A P L p ay m e n t s fo r th e m o n th s o f Ju l y , A u g u s t , S e p t e mb e r , O c t o b e r an d N o v e mb e r o f 2 0 0 9 . _ A s th e AP L aw ar d w a s fo r $ 1 , 0 8 6 . 0 0 p e r m o n th , W i fe av e rr e d th at H u s b an d o w e d h e r $ 5 ,4 3 0 . 0 0 . 

### In a d d i ti o n , s h e s o u g h t $ 5 0 0 . 0 0 i n att o rn e y fe e s fo r th e p r e p ar ati o n an d p r e s e n tati o n o f th e s e c o n d m o t i o n . Up o n c o n s i d e rat i o n o f th e m o t i o n an d u p o n h e ar i n g ar g um e n t o n th e m att e r , th e tr i a l c o urt gr an t e d W i fe ' s m o ti o n an d o r d e r e d th a t H u s b an d p ay th e a b o v e am o un t s t o W i fe . . O n D e c e mb e r 1 , 2 0 0 9 , W i fe p e t i t i o n ed th e c o urt t o r e d u c e H u s b an d ' s o ut s t an d i n g A P L an d att o rn e y s ' fe e s t o j u d gm e n t , w h i c h th e c o urt gr an t e d , an d j u d g m e n t w a s e n t e r e d i n th e am o un t $ 5 , 9 4 3 . 0 0 . O n F e b ru ar

y 2 6 , 2 0 10 , a ft e r r e c e i v i n g th e m a s t e r ' s R e p o rt an d R e c o m m e n d at i o n , t o w h i c h b o th p art i e s fil e d e x c e p t i o n s , an d h av i n g h e ar d ar g um e n t b y b o th p art i e s o n S e p t e mb e r 1 , 2 0 0 9 , th e c o urt h e l d th at b o th H u s b an d an d W i fe ' s e x c e p t i o n s w e r e g ran t e d i n p art an d d e n i e d i n p art . W ith r e s p e c t t o th e p art i e s ' p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t , th e c o urt fo un d th a t th e p ro v i s i o n e x c l u d i n g " p ro c e e d s " o fp r e m ar i t a l a s s e t s d i d n o t p r e c l u d e

10 A p p e n d i x Cc o n s i d e rat i o n o f th e a p p r e c i at i o n o fp r e m ari t a l p r o p e rty as p art o f th e m ari t a l e s t at e . A c c o r d i n g l y , th e c o urt g r an t e d W i fe ' s e x c e p t i o n an d o r d e r e d th a t th e p art i e s ' m ar i t a l p ro p e rty s h a ll i n c l u d e th e i n c r e a s e i n v a l u e o f any n o n - m ar it a l p ro p e rty d uri n g th e ti m e o f th e m arr i a g e . F urth e rm o r e , th e c o urt d e n i e d W i fe ' s e x c e p t i o n r e g ar d i n g th e m a s t e r ' s fa il ur e t o m ak e fi n d i n g s r e g ar d i n g w h e th e r H u s b an d h a d m a d e fu ll d i s cl o s ur e t o h e r p r i o r t o th e p art i e s ' e x e c ut i o n o f th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t. Th e tr i a l c o urt n e x t a d dr e s s e d th e p art i e s ' e x c e p t i o n s r e l at i n g t o H u s b an d ' s o w n e r s h i p i n t e r e s t i n th e G un C l ub . F i r s t , W i fe a ll e g e d th a t th e m a s t e r fa il e d t o fo ll o w th e " l aw o f th e c a s e " i n th i s m att e r a s 

### i t r el at e s t o th e o wn e r s h i p o f th e G un C l ub . T h e c o urt fo un d th at th e r e w a s n o p ri o r ru li n g r e g ar d i n g th e o wn e r s h i p o f th e G un C l ub ; rath e r , th e c o urt m e r e l y attr i b ut e d t o H u s b an d an e arn i n g c a p a c ity e qu a l t o th e am o un t o f i n c o m e th at h e w as g e n e rati n g o n b e h a l f o f th e G un C l ub , w h il e c l a i m i n g t o r e c e i v e n o c o mp e n s at i o n th e r e fo r . Thu s , th e c o urt d e n i e d th i s e x c e p t i o n . N e x t , W i fe ar g u e d th a t th e m a s t e r fa il e d t o g i v e a p p ro p ri a t e w e i gh t t o H u s b an d ' s a dm i s s i o n s th a t h e w as th e o wn e r o f th e G un C l ub . W i fe a l s o a ll e g e d th at th e m a s t e r fa il e d t o g i v e w e i g h t t o H u s b an d ' s o p e rat i o n a l ' c o n tr o l o f th e G un C l ub , a s furth e r i n d i c i a th a t h e w as th e o w n e r o f th e C l ub . T h e tr i a l c o urt g r an t e d th e s e e x c e p ti o n s an d fo un d th at H u s b an d h a d , o n num e ro u s o c c a s i o n s , a c kn o w l e d g e d hi s o w n e r s h i p o f th e G un C l u b , i n cl u d i n g i n th e G un C l ub ' s c o r p o rat e 

### tax r e t

urn s , fi r e arm s a l e s li c e n s e a p p li c at i o n , an d i n v e s tm e n t p a

p e rw o rk . H u s b an d furth e r a dm i tt e d h i s unf e tt e r e d c o n tr o l o f th e G un C l u b ' s b u s i n e s s o p e r at i o n s , r e v e nu e s , b ank a c c o un t s an d fi n an c i a l s e c uri t i e s . 1 1 Th e r e fo r e , th e tri a l c o urt h e l d th at H u s b an d w a s th e a c t u a l o wn e r o f th e G un C l ub ,

11 F r e un d D e p o s i t i o n P a g e s . 1 2 � 1 5 . 1 1 A p p e n d i x Cd e s p it e h i s a ll e g at i o n s th at h i s m o th e r w a s th e s o l e o w n e r o f th e G un C l ub ' s c o r p o rat e s h ar e s . B a s e d o n th e s e fi n d i n g s , an d a s s e t fo rth ab o v e , th e tr i a l c o urt g ran t e d W i fe ' s e x c e p t i o n t o th e m a s t e r ' s r e fu s a l t o a ll o w e xp e rt t e s t i m o ny r e g ar d i n g th e a p p r e c i at i o n o f th e G un C l ub , d

uri n g th e m ar

r i a g e . T h e c o urt s c h e d

u l e d a h e ar i n g fo r Ju l y 1 2 , 2 0 1 0 , t o t ak e t e s t i m o ny s o l e l y o n th e i s s u e o f th e i n c r e a s e i n v a l u e o fth e G un C l u b , at w h i c h t i m e b o th H u s b an d an d W i fe w e r e g i v e n an o p p o rt uni ty t o p r e s e n t e xp e rt t e s t i m o ny an d o th e r e v i d e n c e i n th i s r e g ar d . T h e tri a l c o urt n e x t a d dr e s s e d th e p art i e s ' e x c e p t i o n s r e l at i n g t o th e m a s t e r ' s r e c o mm e n d at i o n s r e g ar d i n g a li m o ny p e n d e n te lite, a li m o ny , an d c o un s e l fe e s . F i r s t , th e C o urt g ran t e d H u s b an d ' s e x c e p t i o n t o th e m a s t e r ' s r e c o mm e n d at i o n th at h e s h o u l d p ay W i fe $ 1 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 p e r m o n th fo r a p e r i o d o f tw e l v e ( 1 2 ) m o n th s a s a li m o ny . A ft e r c o n s i d e rat i o n o f th e t e s t i m o ny o fb o th p art i e s , a s w e ll a s c o n s i d e rat i o n o f th e e ff e c t o f th e · c o urt ' s ru li n g s o n th e p art i e s ' o th e r e x c e p t i o n s , th e c o � urt d e t e rm i n e d th at p o s t - d i v o r c e a li m o ny w a s n o t w arr an t e d i n th i s c a s e . T h e c o urt gr an t e d W i fe ' s e x c e p t i o n t o th e m a s t e r ' s r e c o m m e n d ati o n th at H u s b an d s h o u l d n o t p ay a d d i t i o n a l c o un s e l fe e s o v e r an d a b o v e th e p r e v i o u s l y o r d e r e d am o un t o f $ 8 , 5 0 0 . 0 0 . A ft e r c o n s i d e r i n g th e t e s ti m o ny , th e c o urt fo un d th at a d d i t i o n a l att o rn e y ' s fe e s w e r e w arr an t e d , b u t l e ft o p e n th e am o un t p e n d i n g furth e r p ro c e e d i n g s . I n c o n s i d e rat i o n o f H u s b an d ' s e x c e p t i o n r e g ar d i n g th e o r d e r o f a li m o ny p e n d

e n te lite, th e tri a l c o urt g ran t e d th e m o t i o n an d t e rm i n at e d th e AP L o r d e r , e ff e c t i v e S e p t e mb e r 1 4 , 2 0 0 9 , an d d i r e c t e d th at any arr e ara g e p a i d b y H u s b an d t o W i fe b e a p p li e d a s an o ff

s e t t o any a d d i t i o n a l e qu i t ab l e d i s tr i b ut i o n , p e n d i n g c o mp l e t i o n o fth e p r o c e e d i n g s .

1 2 A p p e n d i x CF i n a ll y , th e tri a l c o urt a d dr e s s e d th e p art i e s ' r e m a i n i n g fi v e m i s c e ll an e o u s

e x c e p t i o n s . T h e c o urt g r an t e d W i fe ' s e x c e p t i o n t o th e m a s t e r ' s fi n d i n g th at e v i d e n c e o f H u s b an d ' s p ri o r c o n v i c ti o n s fo r th e ft b y d e c e p t i o n , i 1_1 s uran c e fr au d an d o th e r v ari o u s o ff e n s e s w e r e i n a dm i s s i b l e . T h e c o urt d i s a g r e e d w i th th e m a s t e r , fi n d i n g th at th e s e o ff e n s e s i nv o l v i n g 

### c r i m e n

fa l s i w e r e a dm i s s i b l e t o i mp e a c h th e c r e d i b ili ty o f H u s b an d , p art ic u l ar l y r e g ar d i n g h i s cl a i m s th at h e h a d n o o w n e r s h i p i n t e r e s t i n th e G un C l ub th a t h e h a d b e e n m an a g i n g . · B o th p art i e s fil e d e x c e p t i o n s c o n c e r ni n g th e e n g a g e m e n t ri n g . H u s b an d a ll e g e d th at th e r i n g ' s m a i n s t o n e s h o u l d b e r e t urn e d t o h i m a s i t w a s a fami l y h e i r l o o m . T h e c o urt g ran t e d W i fe ' s e x c e p t i o n , b ut d e n i e d H u s b an d ' s e x c e p t i o n r e g ar d i n g th e e n g a g e m e n t r i n g , h o l d i n g th at P e nns y l v an i a l aw i s cl e ar th at e n g a g e m e n t r i n g s ar e c o n d i t i o n a l g i ft s th a t ar e m a d e a b s o l ut e u p o n th e o c c urr e n c e o fth e 

### m arr i a g e . V A c c o r d i n g l y , th e c o urt fo un d th at W i f e w a s e n t i tl e d t o k e e p th e ri n g an d r e fu s e d t o a s s i gn a m o n e t ary v a l u e t o i t fo r th e p urp o s e o f e qu i t ab l e d i s tr i b u t i o n . T h e c o urt d e n i e d W i fe ' s thr e e r e m a i n i n g m i s c e ll an e o u s e x c e p ti o n s . T h e c o urt d e c li n e d t o fi n d th at H u s b an d ' s F o r d T auru s w a s m ar it a l p ro p e rty ; d e n i e d W i fe ' s e x c e p t i o n t o th e m a s t e r ' s fi n d i n g th at H u s b an d ' s fi n an ci a l i nv e s tm e n t s w e r e c o v e r e d b y th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t ; an d d e n i e d W i fe ' s e x c e p t i o n t o th e m a s t e r ' s fi n d i n g th at s h e h a d amp l e o p p o rt

un i ty t o o b t a i n any an d a ll i t e m s o fh e r p e r s o n a l p ro p e rty . F o ll o w i n g th e i s s u an c e o f th e o r d e rr e g ar d i n g th e e x c e p t i o n s , th e c o urt w a s n o t i fi e d b y th e p art i e s ' c o un s e l th a t th e y w e r e i n th e p r o c e s s o f s e tt li n g th e r e m a i n i n g i s s u e s . H o w e v e r , O n Au g u s t 9 , 2 0 1 0 th e C o urt r e c e i v e d n o t i c e th at th e p art i e s c o u l d n o t r e a c h an a g r e e m e n t an d th at a h e ar i n g w o u l d b e n e c e s s ar y t o r e s o l v e th e r e m a i n i n g i s s u e

12 L i 11 d h v . S ur m an , 7 4 2 A . 2 d 6 4 3 ( 1 9 9 9 ) . 1 3 A p p e n d i x CI

I

o f th e G un C l ub . T h e c o urt s c h e d u l e d a h e ari n g fo r J anu ary 3 1 , 2 0 1 1 t o d e t e rm i n e th e 

### fa ir m ark e t v a l u e an d a

p p r e c i at i o n i n v a l u e d

uri n g th e m arr i a g e o f

th e G un C l ub , i. e . th e G r e at e r P i tt s b ur g h T ra

p an d S k e e t , I n c . B o th p art i e s fil e d b r i e fs p ri o r t o th e h e ari n g , an d u p o n c o n s i d e rat i o n o fth e b ri e f s an d t e s ti m o ny , th e c o urt fo un d th at th e fa i r m ark e t v a l u e o f H u s b an d ' s 10 0 % e qu i ty i n th e C lub w a s $ 2 7 5 , 0 9 4 a s o f M ay 3 1 , 2 0 0 1 , a b o ut th e d at e o f th e m arr i a g e , an d $ 4 0 0 , 0 8 2 a s o f M ay 3 1 , 2 0 0 4 , a

b o u t th e d at e o f s e p ar at i o n . B e c au s e th e c o urt h a d p r e v i o u s l y h e l d th at th e i n c r e a s e i n v a l u e w a s a m ari t a l a s s e t , i t h e l d th at th e a g g r e g at e i n c r e a s e i n i t s v a l u e d ur i n g th e m arr i a g e w a s $ 1 2 4 , 9 8 8 , an d th at W i fe w a s e n t i tl e d t o 6 0 % o f th e a p p r e ci at e d v a l u e o f th e G un C l ub , o r $ 7 4 , 9 9 2 . 8

_ 0 . F i n a ll y , th e C o urt a d dr e s s e d th e i s s u e o f c o un s e l f e e s th a t i t h a d p r e v i o u s l y l e ft o p e n i n i t s F e b ru ary 2 6 , 2 0 l O o r d e r , an d o r d e r e d th at H u s b an d p ay $ 1 8 , 5 9 7 .3 0 i n l e g a l f e e s t o W i fe w ith i n 3 0 d ay s . F o ll o w i n g th i s o r d e r , W i fe , thr o u g h h e r att o rn e y , p r e s e n t e d a m o t i o n fo r r e c o n s i d e rat i o n . T h e m o t i o n a ll e g e d th at , thr o u g h an o v e r s i g h t , th e c o urt fa il e d t o a d dr e s s $ 2 8 , 8 6 3 .4 0 i n e xp e n s e s i n c urr e d fo r e xp e rt t e s t i m o ny r e l at i n g t o th e v a l u at i o n o f H u s b an d ' s b u s i n e s s . W i fe s o u g h t cl ar i fi c a t i o n o f th e o r d e r a s t o w h e th e r th e c o urt i n t e n d e d th at s h e b e ar th e c o s t o f r e t a i ni n g h e r e xp e rt o r , i f th e c o urt ' s o m i s s i o n w a s n o t i n t e n t i o n a l , th at th e o r d e r b e am e n d e d t o a ll o c at e th e c o s t s o f h e r e xp e rt . Up o n c o n s i d e r at i o n o f th e m o t i o n , th e c o urt aw ar d e d W i fe an a d d i t i o n a l $ 2 5 ,4 6 3 .4 0 t o r e i mb ur s e h e r fo r c o s t s i n c urr e d i n h i r i n g an e xp e rt t o p r e p ar e an d p r e s e ri t th e v a l u a t i o n o f H u s b an d ' s b u s i n e s s e n t e r p r i s e . F o ll o w i n g th e tri a l c o urt ' s e n try o f a d e c r e e i n d i v o r c e an d e qu i t ab l e d i s tr i b u t i o n d at e d Ap ri l 1 4 , 2 0 1 1 , H u s b an d fi l e d an a p p e a l t o th e S u

p e ri o r C o urt , d o c k e t e d at N o . 7 7 9

1 4 A p p e n d i x CW D A 2 0 1 1. B y M e m o ran d um O p i n i o n d at e d N o v e mb e r 8 , 2 0 13 , th e S u p e r i o r C o urt fo un d th at , w i th r e s p e c t t o th e tr i a l c o urt ' s d e ci s i o n r e g ar d i n g th e v a l u e o f th e m ari t a l e s t at e , th e e s t a t e o f H u s b an d ' s m o th e r , M ar g ar e t F r e un d , h e r h e i r s , an d th e c o rp o rat i o n kn o w n a s G r e at e r P i tt s b ur g h T ra p an d S k e e t , I n c . ( th e " G un C l u b " ) w e r e i n d i s p e n s ab l e p art i e s t o th e li t i g at i o n " b e c au s e any e qu it ab l e d i s tri b ut i o n s c h e m e w o u l d a ff e c t th e i r r i g h t s i n th e p r o p e rty . v ' :' A lth o u g h th e S u p e ri o r C o urt a c kn o w l e d g e d th at th i s c a s e d i d n o t i n v o l v e th e d i s tri b ut i o n o f any o f th e G un C l u b ' s a s s e t s o r a s s e t s o f M o th e r ' s e s t at e , th e S u p e r i o r C o urt v a c at e d th e o r d e r o f e qu i t ab l e d i s tr i b ut i o n an d d i r e c t e d « th e tr i a l c o urt t o j o i n th e s e p art i e s an d c o n d u c t a 

### d e n o v o h e ar i n g . t ' ' " T h e S u p e r i o r C o urt furth e r a d dr e s s e d th e i s s u e o f th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t b e tw e e n th e p art i e s . T h e tr i a l c o urt h a d ru l e d p r e v i o u s l y th at th e p art i e s ' p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t d i d n o t e x c l u d e any " i n c r e a s e i n v a l u e " o r a p p r e c i a t e d v a l u e o fp r e m ar i t a l a s s e t s fr o m b e i n g i n c l u d e d i n th e m ar i t a l e s t at e fo r d i s tr i b ut i o n . A lth o u g h th e S u p e ri o r C o urt d i d n o t r e v e r s e th e tr i a l c o urt ' s fi n d i n g th at th e i n c r e a s e i n v a l u e o f th e G un C l ub b e i n c l u d e d i n th e m ar i t a l e s t a t e fo r d i s tr i b ut i o n , th e C o urt h e l d :

U l t im at e l y , r e s o l u t i o n o f th i s i s s u e w ill d e p e n d o n th e tri a l c o urt ' s d e c i s i o n c o n c e rn i n g o w n e r s h i p o f th e G un C l ub . O n c e 

### a ll i n d i s p e n s a b l e p art i e s ar e p r o p e r l y j o i n e d , th e tri a l c o urt mu s t d e t e rm i n e w i th w h o m o w n e r s h i p o f th e c o rp o r at i o n li e s . I f , a ft e r e n g a g i n g i n th e p ro p e r an a l y s i s , th e c o urt d e t e rm i n e s th at th e c o rp o rat e v e il s h o u l d b e p i e r c e d , th e n i t mu s t d e t e rm i n e w h e th e r th e b u s i n e s s fa ll s w i th i n th e c a t e g o r i e s o f p ro p e rty e x cl u d e d b y th e a gr e e m e n t. T o r e s o l v e th e i s s u e , th e c o urt m ay n e e d t o t ak e t e s t i m o ny r e g ar d i n g th e p art i e s ' i n t e n t i n s i gn i n g th e a gr e e m e n t. 

### R a i ke n v . M

e llo n , 5 8 2 A. 2 d 1 1 , 1 3 (P a . S u p e r , 1 9 9 0 ) ( W h e n i n t e r

p r e t in g a p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t , th e c o urt , a s i n d e a l i n g w ith an o r d i n ary c o n tra c t , mu s t d e t e rm i n e th e i n t e n t i o n o f th e p art i e s . " ) O r d e r v a c at e d . C a s e r e m an d e d . Jur i s d i c t i o n r e li n qu i s h e d . ( E mp h a s i s a d d e d ) . 1 5

1 3 S u p e r i o r C o urt O p i n i o n , N o . 77 9 W D A 2 0 1 1 , p . 1 7 , n o t e 5 . H I d
. 1 5 I d
. , p . 2 1. 1 5 A p p e n d i x CUp o n r e c e i p t o f th e S u p e r i o r C o urt ' s r e m an d o r d e r , th e tri a l c o urt s c h e d u l e d a s t a t u s c o n fe r e n c e fo r th e p art i e s fo r Ap r i l 2 9 , 2 0 1 4 . A t r e qu e s t o f th e p art i e s an d b y th e i r c o n s e n t , th e s t at

u s c o n fe r e n c e w a s r e s c h e d u l e d fo r Ju l y 2 8 , 2 0 1 4 . F o ll o w i n g th e s t at

u s c o nf e r e n c e , th e tr i a l c o urt e n t e r e d an o r d e r d at e d Au g u s t 5 , 2 0 1 4 , o r d e r i n g th a t th e c a p t i o n o f th e c a s e b e am e n d e d i n a c c o r d an c e w ith th e S u p e r i o r C o urt ' s o r d e r t o i n cl u d e a s a d d i t i o n a l d e fe n d an t s , G r e a t e r P i tt s b ur g h T ra p an d S k e e t , I n c . ( th e " G un C l u

b " ) , M . C o n s t an c e G at o , E x e c utr i x un d e r th e L a s t W ill an d T e s t am e n t o f M ar g ar e t S . F r e un d , d e c e a s e d ( h e r e i n a ft e r r e fe rr e d t o a s " M o th e r ' s e s t a t e " ) , an d th e i n d i v i d u a l h e i r s o f M o th e r ' s E s t at e , M . C o n s t an c e G at o , M ary D aw n D rum m o n d , J. D o n a l d F r e un d ( H u s b an d ) , an d M ark J . F r e un d . T h e tri a l c o urt furth e r o r d e r e d th at a h e ar i n g b e s c h e d

u l e d fo r N o v e mb e r 1 4 , 2 0 1 4 , t o a d dr e s s th e i s s u e s ra i s e d b y th e S u p e ri o r C o urt i n i t s o r d e r o f

r e m an d . A t th e r e qu e s t 

### o fth e p art i e s an d w i th th e i r c o n s e n t , th e tri a l c o urt r e s c h e d

u l e d th e h e ari n g fo r F e b ru ary 1 7 , 2 0 1 5 . O n O c t o b e r 3 0 , 2 0 1 4 , W i fe fi l e d h e r S e c o n d A m e n d e d C o mp l a i n t J o i n i n g A d d i t i o n a l D e fe n d an t s , n am i n g th e G un C l ub c o rp o rat e e n t ity , H u s b an d ' s M o th e r ' s e s t at e , an d th o s e h e i r s o f th e M o th e r ' s e s t at e a s s e t fo rth i n th e tri a l c o urt ' s o r d e r . I n p ar a g r a p h n i n e o fth e S e c o n d A m e n d e d C o mp l a i n t , W i fe av e rr e d th a t H u s b an d w a s th e a c tu a l o w n e r o f th e G un C l ub , th at h e e x e r c i s e d e x c l u s i v e d o m i n i o n an d c o n tro l o v e r th e G un C l ub an d i t s a s s e t s an d i n c o m e , an d th at M o th e r h a d n o th i n g t o d o w i th th e G un C l ub . I n p ara g ra

p h t e n o fth e S e c o n d Am e n d e d C o mp l a i n t , W if e av e r r e d th a t th e G un C l ub c e a s e d b u s i n e s s o p e rat i o n s u p o n H u s b an d ' s ar

r e s t i n O c t o b e r o f 2 0 0 8 ( fo r fir e arm s v i o l a t i o n s h e c o m m i tt e d i n c o ll u s i o n w i th th e G un C l ub an d h i s s i s t e r , M . C o n s t an c e G at o ) . 1 6 A p p e n d i x CO n D e c e mb e r 1 4 , 2 0 1 4 , att o rn e y J o hn D . E d dy , E s qu i r e , o n b e h a l f o fth e

a d d it i o n a l d e fe n d an t s , fil e d an An s w e r an d N e w M att e r a dm i tt i n g a s tru e p ara g ra p h s n i n e an d t e n o f

th e S e c o n d A m e n d e d C o mp l a i n t. 1 6 T h e a d d it i o n a l d e fe n d an t s av e rr e d th at th e y w e r e w i th o ut s u ffi ci e n t kn o w l e d g e o r i n fo rm at i o n t o a dm i t o r d e ny th at H u s b an d w a s th e tru e o wn e r o f th e G un C l ub . 1 7 I n th e i r N e w M att e r , a d d i t i o n a l d e fe n d an t s av e rr e d th at M o th e r ' s e s t at e h a d

" i n t e rp l e a d e d th e s um o f $ 13 0 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 i n th i s a c t i o n , " r e p r e s e n t i n g W i fe ' s aw ar d o f e qu it a b l e d i s tr i b u t i o n e n t e r e d p r i o r t o th e r e m an d , an d th e r e b y s h o u l d b e d i s c h ar g e d fr o m any furth e r li ab ili ty th at H u s b an d o w e s t o W i fe . 1 8 I n th e i r N e w M att e r , a d d i t i o n a l d e fe n d an t s furth e r av e rr e d th at M o th e r ' s e s t at e h a s n o furth e r i n t e r e s t i n th e i n s t an t e qu i t a b l e d i s tri b u t i o n 

### p r o c e e d i n g s . " A d d it i o n a l d e f e n d an t s furth e r av e rr e d th at th e G un C l ub ' s c o rp o rat e e n t ity w a s fo rm a ll y d i s s o l v e d b y th e fi li n g o f A rt i cl e s o f D i s s o l uti o n o n N o v e mb e r 7 , 2 0 1 2 , an d th at th e G un C l ub h a s n o v e s t e d i n t e r e s t i n any a s s e t s w h i c h w e r e d i s tr i b ut e d thr o u g h th e M o th e r ' s E s t at e . 2 

# ° F i n a ll y , i n th e i r N e w M att e r , a d d i t i o n a l d e fe n d an t s av e rr e d th at th e y " h av e n o j u s t i c i ab l e i n t e r e s t i n th e c o n tr o v e r s y . v " O n D e c e mb e r 1 9 , 2 0 1 4 , H u s b an d fil e d h i s A n s w e r t o th e A m e n d e d C o mp l a i n t Jo i ni n g A d d it i o n a l D e fe n d an t s an d R e p l y t o N e w M att e r o f th e a d d i t i o n a l d e fe n d an t s . O n F e b ru ary 1 7 , 2 0 1 5 , at th e t i m e s e t fo r th e h e ar i n g b e fo r e th e tri a l c o urt , att o rn e y E d dy a

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e n d an t s ' A n s w e r an d N e w M att e r t o S e c o n d A m e n d e d C o mp l a i n t , � 2 2 . 1 9 A d d it i o n a l D e fe n d an t s ' A n s w e r an d N e w M att e r t o S e c o n d A m e n d e d C o mp l a i n t , 

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e n d an t s ' A n s w e r an d N e w M att e r t o S e c o n d A m e n d e d C o mp l a i n t , ,i s 2 6 an d 2 7 . 2 1 A d d i t i o n a l D e fe n d an t s ' An s w e r an d N e w M att e r t o S e c o n d A m e n d e d C o mp l a i n t , ,i s 2 8 . 1 7 A p p e n d i x Cr e c o r d , th at th e a d d i t i o n a l d e fe n d an t s h a d n o i n t e r e s t t o p ro t e c t i n th e e qu i t a b l e d i s tr i b uti o n p ro c e e d i n g s b e fo r e th e tri a l c o urt . O n F e b ru ar

y 1 7 , 2 0 1 5 , p ur s u an t t o th e r e c o m m e n d at i o n o fth e S u p e r i o r C o urt , W i fe o ff e r e d t e s t i m o ny o fh e r un d e r s t an d i n g o f th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t b e tw e e n th e p art i e s . W i fe t e s ti fi e d th at h e r i n t e n t i o n . b y e n t e ri n g i n t o th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t w a s th at th e l an d an d b u il d i n g th at H u s b an d o w n e d w o u l d " r e m a i n w i th h i m " i fany th i n g w o u l d h a p p e n d uri n g th e c o ur s e o f

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p o r a t i o n w a s n e v e r d i s c u s s e d i n thi s c o n t e x t. W i fe furth e r t e s t i fi e d th a t s h e d i d n o t e n t i r e l y un d e r s t an d th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t , s i g n e d a fe w d ay s b e fo r e th e w e d d i n g . W i fe w a s un a b l e t o s h e d any furth e r li g h t a s t o h e r un d e r s t an d i n g o f any o f th e o th e r t e rm s an d c o n d i t i o n s o f th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t o r any o m i s s i o n s th e r e fr o m . H u s b an d , a l th o u g h p r e s e n t at th e h e ar i n g an d r e p r e s e n t e d b y c o un s e l , o ff

e r e d n o t e s ti m o ny an d n o furth e r e v i d e n c e . I n a c c o r d an c e w i th th e S u p e r i o r C o urt ' s o r d e r o f

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### 2 , 2 0 0 4 t o Ap r il 1 8 , 2 0 0 6 , an d Ju l y 9 , 2 0 0 8 , H u s b an d kn o w i n g l y p o s s e s s e d fi r e arm s an d am mu !1 it i o n w h i l e a c o nv i c t e d fe l o n . 2 3 A s s e t fo rth , b o th th e G un C l u b an d H u s b an d ' s s i s t e r , a d d i t i o n a l d e fe n d an t M . C o n s t an c e G at o w e r e c h ar g e d a s c o - c o n s p i rat o r s b y th e A T F . H u s b an d ' s M o th e r w a s n o t c h ar g e d i n th e c r i m i n a l i n fo rm a t i o n , l i k e w i s e h e r e s t at e w a s n o t c h ar g e d . D uri n g th e

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p e r i o r C o urt d o c k e t e d at N o . 77 9 W D A 2 0 1 1 , p p . 3 6 7 - 4 0 4 . 2 3 U . S . v . J o s e p h D o n a l d F r e un d , G u i l ty P l e a p ro c e e d i n g s , J anu ar y 2 0 , 2 0 0 9 , p p . 3 - 4 . 1 9 A p p e n d i x Cp ro c e e d i n g , H u s b an d a dm i tt e d h i s gu il t t o th e c h ar g e s an d a dm i tt e d h i s c u l p ab ili ty i n

p o s s e s s i n g an d s e lli n g fi r e arm s an d am muni ti o n fr o m th e G un C l ub an d h av i n g M s . G at o s i gn th e A T F fo rm s an d r e c o r d s i n o r d e r t o p e rm it H u s b an d t o d o s o . T h e A T F r e c o r d s w e r e c o mp l e t e d t o i n d i c at e th a t M s . G at o o r o th e r s w e r e th e s e ll e r , w h e n i n fa c t H u s b an d w a s th e a c t

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O n Ap r il 2 2 o f2 0 0 4, M s . G at o i n d ic at e d th a t s h e w a s aw ar e o f th e d e fe n d an t' s c o n v i c t i o n an d as k e d th at h e b e r e m o v e d a s a , qu o t e , " r e s p o n s i b l e p e r s o n , " e n d qu o t e , fr o m th e fe d e ra l fir e arm s li c e n s e g ran t e d t o G r e at e r P i tt s b ur g h T ra p an d S k e e t. T h e n e x t d ay , s h e s u b m i tt e d a l e tt e r t o th at r e g ar d t o th e A T F .

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2 0 0 4 an d Ap r il 1 8 o f 2 0 0 6 , d a i l y , M r . F r e un d , th e d e fe n d an t h e r e , c o n t i nu e d p o s s e s s i n g an d s e lli n g fir e arm s an d ammun i t i o n fr o m G r e at e r P i tt s b ur g h T r a p an d S k e e t. M s . G at o w o u l d s i g n th e fo rm s an d r e c o r d s r e qu i r e d b y A T F an d fe d e ra l l aw i n o r d e r t o p e rm i t th e d e fe n d an t t o c o n t i nu e d o i n g s o . T h o s e r e c o r d s w o u l d th e n i n d i c at e th a t M s . G a t o o r o th e r s w e r e th e s e ll e r , w h e n , i n fa c t , th e d e fe n d an t w a s th e a c t

u a l s e ll e r i n th o s e p art i c u l ar s c e n ar i o s . R e c o r d s g ath e r e d b y th e A T F i n d i c a t e th at o v e r o n e hun dr e d fi fty fi r e arm s w e r e tr an s f e rr e d o r s o l d th ro u g h G r e at e r P i tt s b ur gh T ra p an d S k e e t d

ur i n g th i s t i m e fr am e . ' T h e g ro s s m a j o r i ty o f th o s e b y M r . F r e un d , m o s t l y li s t i n g M s . G a t o as th e s e ll e r , a lth o u g h s h e w a s n o t . 2 6



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p an d S k e e t.

2 6 U . S . v . J o s e p h D o n a l d F r e un d , G u i lty P l e a p r o c e e d i n g s , Janu ary 20 , 2 0 0 9 , p p . 2 0 - 2 1 . 2 1 A p p e n d i x CA n d th e m e c h an i s m b y w h i c h h e d i d s o w a s th at h i s s i s t e r w o u l d e i th e r s i g n o r a ll o w h i m t o s i gn th e p a p e r w o rk , i n d i c at i n g th at s h e w a s th e s e ll e r , w h e n it w a s th e d e fe n d an t w h o w a s .

Y o u a l s o h e ar d ab o ut th e d i ff e r e n t s a l e s an d att e mp t e d s a l e s t o v ar i o u s p e o p l e o n fi v e d i ff e r e n t o c c a s i o n s . T h at w o u l d , i n e s s e n c e , Y o ur H o n o r , b e th e fa c t u a l s um m ar y i n th i s p art i c u l ar m att e r . 2 7 

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H e d e e p l y r e g r e t s i nv o l v i n g [ h i s s i s t e r ] C o n s t an c e G at o i n th i s , th i s m att e r , w h o s e ro l e s e e m s t o b e mu c h l ar g e r th an i t a c t u a ll y w a s . 2 9 T h e tr i a l c o urt n o t e s th at H u s b an d ' s M o th e r w a s n o t c h ar g e d i n th i s c ri m i n a l c as e , h o w e v e r th e G un C l u

b an d H u s b an d ' s s i s t e r w e r e c h ar g e d a s c o - c o n s p i rat o r s . A t n o t i m e d ur i n g th e p ro c e e d i n g s d i d H u s b an d cl a i m th at h e w a s m e r e l y th e m an a g e r h i r e d b y h i s
2 7 U . S . v . J o s e p h D o n a l d F r e un d , G u i l ty P l e a p ro c e e d i n g s , Janu ary 2 0 , 2 0 0 9 , p p . 2 3 - 2 4 . 2 8 U . S . v . Jo s e p h D o n a l d F r e un d , G u i lty P l e a p r o c e e d i n g s , Janu ar y 2 0 , 2 0 0 9 , p . 2 4 . 2 9 U . S . v . J o s e p h D o n a l d F r e un d , G u i lty P l e a p ro c e e d in g s , J anu ary 2 0 , 2 0 0 9 , p . 2 5 . 2 2 A p p e n d i x C

### M o th e r t o run th e G un C l u b . H u s b an d e xp r e s s e d h i s r e g r e t t o th e F e d e r a l j u d g e fo r g e tt i n g hi s s i s t e r i nv o l v e d i n th e c r i m i n a l c h ar g e s , b ut at n o t i m e d i d h e i n d i c at e d e s p o n d e n c e fo r i nv o l v i n g h i s " M o th e r ' s " G un C l ub a s a c o - c o n s p i r at o r .' ? I n fa c t , at n o t i m e d uri n g th e c ri m i n a l p ro c e e d i n g s i s Mr s . F r e un d m e n t i o n e d , n o r i s th e r e any s t at e m e n t th at H u s b an d w as runn i n g th e G un C l ub fo r h i s M o th e r . F o ll o w i n g th e tr i a l c o urt ' s 

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### s e p arat i o n ) , thu s th e 

### a g g r e g a t e i n c r e as e i n i t s v a l u e fo r e qu i t ab l e d i s tr i b ut i o n p urp o s e s t o b e $ 1 2 4 , 9 8 8 ;

3 0 A c c o r d in g t o th e tran s c r i p t o f th e g u i l ty p l e a p r o c e e d in g s , th e G un C l u b w a s s c h e d

u le d t o e n t e r a p l e a o f g u il ty t o th e c h ar g e s l at e r th e s am e m o rn i n g , Janu ary 2 0 , 2 0 0 9 . U . S . v . Jo s e p h D o n a l d F r e un d , G u i l ty P l e a p r o c e e d i n g s , Janu ary 20 , 2 0 0 9 , p . 3 8 . 2 3 A p p e n d i x CI ' · 5 . F o r e qu it a b l e d i s tri b ut i o n , W i fe i s e n t i tl e d t o s i x ty p e r c e n t ( 6 0 % ) o f th e . i n c r e a s e i n v a l u e o f G un C l ub o r $ 7 4 , 9 9 2 . 8 0 . T h e tri a l c o urt a c c o r d i n g l y o r d e r e d th at H u s b an d p ay t o W i fe th e am o un t o f $ 7 4 , 9 9 2 . 8 0 , p l u s an a d d i t i o n a l $ 1 8 , 5 9 7 .3 0 i n l e g a l f e e s an d $ 2 8 , 8 6 3 .4 0 i n e xp e rt fe e s , as p r e v i o u s l y o r d e r e d , an d o r d e r e d th at a ll o th e r p r o v i s i o n s o f th e tri a l c o urt ' s am e n d e d o r d e r o fe qu i t ab l e d i s tri b ut i o n an d fi n a l d i v o r c e d e c r e e d at e d Ap r il 1 4 , 2 0 1 1 , s h a ll r e m a i n i n fu ll fo r c e an d e ff

e c t. Thi s a p p e a l fo ll o w e d . L e g a l An a l y s i s : O n th i s a p p e a l , H u s b an d ra i s e s th e fo ll o wi n g i s s u e s fo r th e S u p e ri o r C o urt ' s r e v i e w : ( a ) W h e th e r th e tr i a l c o urt e r r e d a s a m att e r o f l aw an d/ o r a b u s e d i t s d i s c r e t i o n i n r e l y i n g o n a tr an s c ri p t fr o m an unr e l a t e d p r o c e e d i n g th at w a s n e v e r o ff e r e d o r r e c e i v e d i n t o e v i d e n c e , w h e n r e n d e r i n g i t s d e c i s i o n ; ( b ) W h e th e r th e tri a l c o urt e rr e d a s a m att e r o f l aw an d/ o r a b u s e d i t s d i s c r e t i o n i n d e t e rm i n i n g th a t th e i n c r e a s e d v a l u e o f a c o rp o ra t i o n w h i c h Ap p e ll an t m an a g e d b u t i n w h i c h h e n e v e r h e l d any o w n e r s h i p i n t e r e s t , c o ns t i t ut e d m ari t a l p ro p e rty s u

b j e c t t o e qu i t a

b l e d i s tri b u t i o n ; ( c ) Wh e th e r th e tr i a l c o urt e rr e d as a 

### m att e r o f l aw an d/ o r a b u s e d i t s d i s c r e t i o n b y m i s a p p l y i n g th e d o c tri n e o f ' p i e r ci n g th e c o rp o ra t e v e il » o r o th e rw i s e i n i g n o r i n g th e c o rp o ra t e f

o rm t o d e t e rm i n e th a t Ap p e ll an t w a s th e " d e fa c t o " o w n e r o f s a i d c o rp o r at i o n ;



### 2 4 Ap p e n d i x C( d ) W h e th e r th e tr i a l c o urt e r r e d a s a m att e r o f l aw an d/ o r a b u s e d i t s d i s c r e t i o n i n aut o m at i c a ll y aw ar d i n g att o rn e y f e e s wi th o u t c o n s i d e ri n g Ap p e l l e e ' s ab ili ty t o p ay ; an d ( e ) W h e th e r th e tr i a l c o urt e rr e d as a m att e r o f l aw an d / o r a b u s e d i t s d i s c r e t i o n i n d e t e rm i n i n g th a t Ap p e ll e e d i d n o t w a i v e h e r r i g h t t o a p p r e c i at i o n an d/ o r 

### i n c r e as e i n v a l u e o f

p r e m ar i t a l p ro p e rty un d e r th e t e rm s o f th e p art i e s ' p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t.

A lth o u g h n o t s p e c ifi c , H u s b an d ' s fi r s t i s s u e p r e s um ab l y r e g ar d s th e 

### tr i al c o urt ' s c o n s i d e rat i o n o f th e tr an s c r i p t o f H u s b an d ' s s e n t e n ci n g p ro c e e d in g s i n F e d e ra l c o urt d at e d J anu ary 

### 2 0 , 2 0 0 9 , a ft e r h e p l e d g u il ty t o c e rt a i n c r i m i n a l o ff e n s e s ar i s i n g o ut o f 

### hi s o p e rat i o n o f th e G un C l u b . 3 1 A s s e t fo rth a

b o v e , th e tr an s c r i p t o f

th e s e c r i m i n a l p ro c e e d i n g s w a s o ff

e r e d in t o e v i d e n c e 

### as an e x h i b i t an d m a d e a p art o f th e r e c o r d 

### o n m o t i o n o f W i fe ' s c o un s e l. A t n o t i m e d i d H u s b an d o r hi s c o un s e l o b j e c t t o th e e n try o f th e tr an s c ri p t. T h e r e fo r e , th i s i s s u e h a s b e e n w a i v e d . S e e 

### T e e c e v , 

### H a ll y , 1 0 6 A . 3 d 72 8 , 

### 7 3 2 ( P a . S u

p e r . 2 0 1 4 ) , " [ i ] t i s ax i o m at i c th at , t o p r e s e rv e an o b j e c t i o n fo r a

p p e a l , th e o b j e c t i o n mu s t b e ra i s e d b e fo r e th e tr i a l c o urt . " I n any c as e , e v e n h a d H u s b an d l o d g e d an o b j e c t i o n t o th e i n tro d

u c t i o n o f th i s tran s c r i p t , th e o b j e c t i o n w o u l d h av e p r o p e rl y o v e rru l e d , s i n c e H u s b an d ' s a dm i s s i o n s r e g ar d i n g h i s o w n e r s hi p an d o p e ra t i o n o f th e G un C l ub t o th e F e d e ra l j u d g e w o u l d c e rta i n l y b e r e l e v an t t o th e i s s u e at h an d . S e e S t u m p f v . 

### N y e, 9 5 0 A. 2 d 1 0 3 2 , 1 0 3 5 - 3 6 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 0 8 ) , a

p p e ll at e " r e v i e w o f a tr i a l c o urt ' s d e ci s i o n t o a dm it o r e x c l u d e e v i d e n c e i s w e l l - s e tt l e d . . . d e c i s i o n s o n a dm i s s i b ili ty ar e

3 1 S e e U n ite d S ta les v . J o s e p h D o n a l d F r e u nd , U n i t e d S t at e s D i s tr i c t C o urt fo r th e W e s t e rn D i s tr i c t o f P e nn s y l v an i a, C r i m i n a l A c t i o n N o . 0 8 - 3 8 2 . 2 5 A p p e n d i x C•

l



### w i th i n th e s o un d d i s c r e ti o n o f th e tr i a l c o urt an d w ill n o t b e o v e rt urn e d a b s e n t an a b u s e o f d i s c r e t i o n o r m i s a

p p li c at i o n o f l aw . " F urth e rm o r e , H u s b an d ' s c o nv i c t i o n fo r fe d e r a l fi r e arm s c h ar g e s ar i s i n g o ut o fhi s o p e r at i o n o f th e G un C l ub an d h i s a dm i s s i o n s at s e n t e n c i n g ar e m att e r s o f p ub li c r e c o r d . M o r e o v e r , d

uri n g th e c o ur s e o f th e e qu i t a b l e d i s tr i b ut i o n p r o c e e d i n g s , th e c o urt w a s m a d e w e ll aw ar e th at H u s b an d h a d b e e n i n d i c t e d , arr e s t e d an d w a s fa c i n g th e s e c h ar g e s . A t th e ti m e o f th e h e ar i n g t o d e t e rm i n e th e fa i r m ark e t v a l u e an d a p p r e c i ati o n o f th e G un C l ub , J anu ary 3 1 , 2 0 1 1 , H u s b an d ' s c o un s e l a s k e d th e c o urt t o e x c u s e H u s b an d ' s i n ab ili ty t o att e n d , b e c au s e h e w a s s e rv i n g hi s f e d e r al s e n t e n c e at th at t i m e . T h e tr i a l c o urt w o u l d b e r e m i s s t o c o mp l e t e l y i g n o r e th e s e c i r c um s t an c e s , an d rath e r , c o u l d t ak e j u d i c i a l n o ti c e ' . 

### th at H u s b an d h a d p l e d g u il ty t o c ri m in al c h ar g e s ar i s i n g o ut o f h i s o w n e r s hi p an d o p e rat i o n o f th e G un C l ub . S e e 

### J o y c e v . E r i e I n s . E x c h a nge, 7 4 A. 3 d 1 5 7 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 1 3 ) , w hi c h h e l d th at i t w a s a p p ro p r i at e , i n a c i v il p r o c e e d i n g fo r th e tri a l c o urt t o t ak e n o t ic e o f th e fe d e ra l c r i m i n a l p r o c e e d i n g s a g a i n s t th e a p p e ll an t , an d th at " p r o o f o f a I 

### d e fe n d an t ' s c o n v i c t i o n [ i s ] c o n c l u s i v e e v i d e n c e o f th e c ri m e fo r w h i c h h e w a s c o nv i c t e d . " 

### J

o y c e, s u p ra , 7 4 A .3 d at 1 6 5 , ci t i n g 

### H u r tt v . S t i ro n e [ 4 1 6 P a . 4 9 3 ] , 2 0 6 A . 2 d 6 2 4 (P a . 1 9 6 5 ) . I n th e i n s t an t c a s e , th e tr i a l c o urt d i d n o t r e ly a s mu c h o n H u s b an d ' s c o nv i c ti o n in F e d e ra l c o urt , b ut r ath e r h i s a dm i s s i o n s b e fo r e th e s e n t e n c i n g j u d g e th at h e a c t e d a s th e o wn e r an d o p e r at o r o f th e G un C l ub , an d th at h e w o u l d s e ll fir e arm s an d ammun i t i o n fr o m th e G un C l ub , b ut h av e hi s s i s t e r , M . C o n s t an c e G at o s i g n th e A T F fo r m s an d • 

### r e c o r d s as th e s e ll e r , w h e n i n fa c t H u s b an d w a s th e a c t u a l s e ll e r o f th e fi r e arm s . M o r e o v e r , th e tri a l c o urt d i d n o t c o mp l e t e l y " r e l y " o n th e tran s c r i p t o f th e c r i m i n a l



### 2 6 A p p e n d i x Cp r o c e e d i n g s i n r e a c hi n g i t s d e ci s i o n , b ut rath e r , v i e w e d H u s b an d ' s a dm i s s i o n s i n li g h t o f

a ll o f th e o th e r e v i d e n c e t o c o n cl u d e th at H u s b an d ' s M o th e r w as th e o w n e r i n n am e o n l y , an d th at H u s b an d w as th e a c t u al o w n e r an d o p e r at o r o f th e G un C l u b . H u s b an d ' s s e c o n d an d th i r d cl a i m s o f e r ro r c h a ll e n g e th e tri a l c o urt ' s fi n d i n g th at H us b an d w as th e a c tu a l o r " d e f a c t o " o wn e r o f th e G un C l u b , e v e n th o u g h th e b u s i n e s s w as t i tl e d i n h i s M o th e r ' s n am e . A s n o t e d ab o v e , th e p r e d o m i n an t i s s u e o f c o n t e n t i o n i n th i s c as e h a s a l w ay s b e e n H u s b an d ' s o wn e r s h i p i n t e r e s t i n th e b u s i n e s s o f th e G un C l u b , an d , t o th e e x t e n t h e i s fo un d t o h av e an o wn e r s hi p "in t e r e s t , th e i n c r e as e i n v a l u e o fth e b u s i n e s s d

ur i n g th e m arr i a g e . A lth o u g h th e r e c o r d o w n e r o fth e c o r p o ra t e b u s i n e s s i s H u s b an d ' s M o th e r , an d s u b s e qu e n tl y h e r e s tat e , th e r e e x i s t n o o th e r i n d i c i a o f M o th e r ' s o wn e r s hi p o r p art i c i p at i o n i n th e b u s i n e s s . A s fo un d b y th e tri a l c o urt , H u s b an d o p e r at e s ' th e b u s i n e s s , li v e s i n th e b u s i n e s s p r e m i s e s , o wn s th e p r o p e rty o n w h i c h th e b u s i n e s s i s l o c at e d , c o n tro l s a ll o f th e b u s i n e s s a c c o un t s an d c o mm i n g l e s th o s e w ith h i s p e r s o n a l a c c o un t s , b u t c l a i m s t o h av e n o o wn e r s hi p i n t e r e s t th e r e in . H u s b an d furth e r cl a i m e d t o r e c e i v e n o c o mp e n s at i o n fo r o p e rati n g th e b u s i n e s s e v e n th o u g h th e b u s i n e s s r e p o rt e d s i g n i fi c an t annu a l i n c o m e . Th e e v i d e n c e i n th e r e c o r d i s m o s t c o mp e lli n g t o s u p p o rt W i fe ' s as s e rt i o n th at H u s b an d w a s th e a c t u a l o wn e r o f

th e G un C l ub an d it s as s e t s an d i n c o m e , i n cl u d i n g th e fo ll o w i n g : • E v i d e n c e p r e s e n t e d t o th e d i v o r c e m a s t e r i n d i c a t e d th at H u s b an d w a s th e s o l e o p e r at o r o f th e G un C l ub s i n c e 1 9 7 2 an d th at h i s n am e an d s o c i a l s e c ur i ty numb e r a p p e ar o n th e c o r

p o rat e t a x r e turn s . F urth e rm o r e , h i s p e r c e n t a g e o f o wn e r s h i p o f s t o c k i n th e c o r p o rat i o n i s li s t e d a s 1 0 0 % o n c o r p o rat e t a x



### 2 7 A p p e n d i x Cfo rm s , w h i c h H u s b an d s i g n e d ; M o th e r ' s n am e d o e s n o t a p p e ar o n th e r e turn s ; 3 2
• Th e tr i a l c o urt c o u l d a s s i g n li tt l e c r e d e n c e t o th e t e s t i m o ny o f th e t a x p r e p ar e r , B e rn ar d M arx th at th e d e s i g n at i o n o f H u s b an d o n th e c o rp o rat e t a x r e t urn a s 10 0 % o wn e r o fth e b u s i n e s s an d th e u s e o f H u s b an d ' s s o c i a l 

### s e c ur i ty numb e r w a s m e r e l y i n a dv e rt e n t , an d 

### th at th e m i s t ak e w a s attr i b ut ab l e t o th e s i m il ar i ty o f H u s b an d ' s n am e an d th at o f h i s d e c e as e d fath e r ; H u s b an d ' s fath e r h a d p a s s e d aw ay i n 1 9 7 2 , 3 3 an d th e c o urt c o u l d n o t fi n d c r e d i b l e th i s e xp l an at i o n fo r th e a ll e g e d m i s t ak e o n th e c o r p o rat e 1 1 2 0 F o rm s fo r th e G un C l ub fil e d i n 2 0 0 2 an d o th e r y e ar s ; • H u s b an d i s v ar i o u s l y i d e n t i fi e d a s " P r e s i d e n t , " " T r e as ur e r , " o r " C u s t o d i an " fo r th e G un c l ub o n a numb e r o f a c c o un t s , fo rm e r l y at N at i o n a l C i ty B ank , an d o n o th e r d o c um e n t s , b ut h e t e s t i fi e d un d e r o ath th at h e i s n o t an o ffi c e r o f th e c o rp o rat i o n ; 3 4
• H u s b an d c o n tr o l s a ll o fth e r e po rt e d an d unr e p o rt e d r e v e nu e o f th e b u s i n e s s an d o n l y h e i s aw ar e o f

th e am o un t s o fth o s e r e v e nu e s ; h e d o e s th e b anki n g an d p ay s th e b ill s . 3 5
• H u s b an d a l s o o wn s an d c o n tro l s th e l an d an d b u il d i n g s w h e r e th e b u s i n e s s h a s a l w ay s o p e rat e d . A d d i t i o n a ll y , H u s b an d , i n hi s d e p o s i t i o n an d o th e r

32 W i f e ' s E x h i b i t 1 6 , I R S fo rm 1 1 2 0 - A 2 0 0 2 ; N o v e mb e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 5 h e ar in g tr an s c r i p t ( H T ) , p p . 7 3 · 7 6 , 9 8 · 9 9 ; E xh i b i t s B an d C . 3 3 N o v e mb e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 5 h e ar i n g tr an s c r i p t ( H T ) , p . 9 8 . 34 N o v e mb e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 5 h e ar i n g tr an s c r i p t (H T ) , p p . 6 7 , 8 9 . a s G at o D e p o s i t i o n P a g e 2 9 , It s 9 · 13 ; N o v e mb e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 5 h e ar in g tran s c r i p t ( H T ) , p p . 5 7 , 8 8 . 

### 2 8 A p p e n d i x Ct e s t i m o ny , s t at e d th at h e i s p e r s o n a ll y r e s p o n s i b l e fo r th e G un C l u b ' s l e d g e r s , b anki n g an d c o rp o r at e 

### r e c o r d s . l ''
• T h e o p i n i o n o f W i fe ' s e xp e rt , G r e g o ry C l ark , C P A , C V A o f B r ab e n d e r M a s c e tt a , L L C , th at th e · o p e rat i o n o f th e G un C l ub an d it s m an a g e m e n t w as

' c o n tro ll e d b y H u s b an d an d th at h i s p e r s o n a l i n t e r e s t s w e r e th e tru e b e n e fi c i ary o f th e c o r

p o rat e p o li c y . 3 7 

### In a d d i t i o n , 

### Mr . C l ark fo un d th at H u s b an d li v e d i n th e d o wn s t a i r s at th e G un C l u b ' s fa c ili ty , w h i c h r e a l e s t at e h e o w n s p e r s o n a ll y . H e d i d n o t r e c e i v e r e n t fr o m th e G un C l u b fo r th e b u s i n e s s u s e , an d th e C l ub ' s fa c ili ti e s w e r e li s t e d o n th e C l ub ' s d e p r e c i at i o n s c h e d u l e w h i c h s u

p p o rt s th e C l ub ' s t a x d e d u c t i o n o n i t s c o r

p o rat e t a x r e t

urn . M o r e o v e r , th e ut ili ti e s , r e a l e s t at e t a x e s an d r e p a i r s fo r th e e n ti r e p ro p e rty ar e p a i d b y th e C l ub , i n c l u d i n g th e p o rt i o n u s e d b y H u s b an d p e r s o n a ll y . 3 8
• M r . C l ark , i n h i s r e p o rt , a l s o s tat e d th at d o c um e n t s ill u s tr at e d th a t H u s b an d au th o ri z e d th e c o n s o li d at i o n o f p e r s o n a l an d c o r

p o ra t e i nv e s tm e n t s i n 2 0 0 . 4 . M r . C l ark a l s o fo un d th a t th e C o r p o rati o n o p e ra t e d w i th o u t p ay i n g any c o mp e n s a t i o n t o H u s b an d o r any o th e r i n d i v i d u a l p urp o rt e d l y r e s p o n s i b l e fo r i t s o p e r at i o n . 3 9

I

3 6 F r e un d D e p o s i t i o n P a g e s 3 5 - 3 6 ; N o v e mb e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 5 h e ar i n g tr an s c r i p t (H T ) , p p . 5 7 , 8 8 . 37 S e e th e l e tt e r fr o m G r e g o ry C l ark t o D e fe n d an t ' s c o un s e l , d at e d D e c e mb e r 1 5 , 2 0 0 4 , w h i c h i n c l u d e d h i s r e p o rt , e n t i t l e d , " C a lc u l at i o n o f N e t Di s p o s a

b l e i n c o m e o f J . D o n a l d F r e un d E s ti m at e d fo r th e Y e ar E n d i n g D e c e mbe r 3 1 , 2 0 0 4 . 3 8 Jd. 3 9 / d. ; N o v e mb e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 5 h e ar i n g tran s c r i p t ( H T) , p . 5 7 . 

### 2 9 A p p e n d i x C

### , ·

• A c c o r d i n g t o H u s b an d ' s d e po s i t i o n , w h e n th e G un C l u b h o l d s c o mp e t i t i v e

" s h o o t s , " th e c a s h e n try f e e s g o d i r e c tl y i n t o hi s p o c k e t. H u s b an d th e n wr i t e s c h e c k s fr o m h i s p e r s o n a l a c c o un t t o p ay th e w i nn e r o f e a c h " s h o o t ; " 4 0
• H u s b an d a dm i tt e d th at h i s M o th e r i s n o t i n v o l v e d i n th e G un C l ub , an d th a t n o d i s tr i b u t i o n s o f

i n c o m e h av e b e e n m a de t o s h ar e h o l d e r s . 4 1 I n 

### c o n s i d e rat i o n o f

th e e v i d e n c e an d 

### t e s t i m o nyp r e s e n t e d b e fo r e th e d i v o r c e m a s t e r an d th e tri a l c o urt , an d a ft e r r e v i e w o f th e s am e o n r e m an d , th e tri a l th e c o urt i s
· c o mp e ll e d t o attri b u t e th e o wn e r s h i p o f th e G un C l ub t o H u s b an d . H e e x e r c i s e d e x cl u s i v e c o n tr o l o v e r th e b u s in e s s fo r y e ar s an d , a l th o u g h h e t e s t i fi e d th at h e dr e w n o . s a l ary , h e e n

j o y e d e v e ry b e n e fi t o f o wn e r s h i p , i n c l u d in g r e s i d i n g o n th e b u s i n e s s p r o p e rty an d d e p o s i t i n g c a s h p ay m e n t s i n t o h i s p e r s o n a l b ank a c c o un t. A l th o u g h H u s b an d cl a im e d th at h e r e c e i v e d n o c o mp e n s at i o n fr o m th e G un C l ub an d h a d n o o th e r r e p o rt e d s o ur c e o f e arn e d i n c o m e , h e h a d a c c umu l a t e d s ub s t an t i a l fi n an c i a l as s e t s i n h i s o w n n am e . 4 2 H u s b an d d i d n o t o ff e r e xp e rt t e s t im o ny at th e h e ar i n g o r at any t i m e t o att e mp t t o c h a ll e n g e W

i fe ' s e xp e rt s . I n a d d i t i o n t o th e e v i d e n c e p r e v i o u s l y p r e s e n t e d , th e tr i a l c o urt c o n s i d e r e d th e fa c t th a t H u s b an d e n t e r e d a p l e a o f g u i lty t o th e c r i m i n a l c h ar g e s r e l at i n g t o h i s o p e rat i o n o f th e G un C l ub , a s s e t fo rth a b o v e . F ro m th e t e s ti m o ny an d H u s b an d ' s a dm i s s i o n s d uri n g th e 

### gu il ty p l e a p ro c e e d i n g , th e tr i a l c o urt m ay r e a s o n a b l y i n fe r th a t H u s b an d w a s i n e x c l u s i v e c o n tr o l o fth e G un C l ub an d i t s b u s i n e s s , t o th e e x c l u s i o n o f a ll o th e r s . H e w a s

4 

## ° F r e un d D e p o s i t i o n P a g e 2 I. 4 1 N o v e mb e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 5 h e ar i n g tr an s c r i p t ( H T ) , p p . 5 9 , 9 0 . 4 2 S e e th e att a c h m e n t t o th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t b e tw e e n th e p art i e s , d at e d N o v e mb e r 2 7 , 2 0 0 l ; th e tr i a l c o urt a l s o r e v i e w e d H u s b an d ' s fi n an c i a l s t at e m e n t s w h e n c o n s i d e ri n g W i fe ' s p e t i t i o n fo r c o n t e mp t fo r H u s b an d ' s fa il ur e t o p ay A l i m o ny P e nde n t e Li t e ; S e e a l s o , W i fe ' s E x h i b i t s 7 1 , 3 2 , an d 1 6 an d a s s um m ar i z e d i n W i fe ' s B r i e fi n S u p p o rt o f E x c e p t i o n s t o th e M a s t e r ' s R e po rt. Au g u s t 10 , 2 0 0 9 .

3 0 A p p e n d i x CI •

n o t th e s e l f - l e s s , unp a i d m an a g e r o f h i s " M o th e r ' s " G un C l ub b u s i n e s s a s h e w o u l d h av e li k e d th e tri a l c o urt t o b e li e v e . It i s a l s o r e as o n a b l e fo r th e tr i a l c o urt t o i n fe r , th at i f H u s b an d w a s w ill i n g t o m i s r e p r e s e n t r e c o r d s o f fi r e arm s tr an s a c t i o n s an d att e mp t t o d e fr au d th e A T F r e g ar d i n g fir e arm s tr an s a c t i o n s , at th e ri s k o f s e ri o u s c ri m i n a l p e n a lt i e s , h e w o u l d h av e n o i s s u e w i th att e mp t i n g t o d e fr au d h i s e x - w i fe , th e fam il y c o urt , o r e v e n 

### th e I R S , r e g ar d i n g th e " p a

p e r o wn e r s h i p " o f th e G un C l ub . T r i a l c o urt s h av e b r o a d e qu i tab l e p o w e r s t o e ff e c t u at e j u s ti c e w h e n fa s h i o n i n g aw ar d s o f e qu i t a

b l e d i s tr i b ut i o n . 

### M

a rra v . M a rra , 8 3 1 A . 2 d 1 1 8 3 , 1 1 8 6 - 8 7 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 0 3 ) ; 

### G ill 

### v . G ill

, 6 7 7 A. 2 d 1 2 1 4 , 1 2 1 6 ( P a . S u p e r . 1 9 9 6 ) ; s e e a l s o 

### R e b e r v . R e i s s , 4 2 A .3 d 1 1 3 1 , 1 1 3 7 ( P a . S u

p e r . 2 0 1 2 ) , a

p p e a l d e n i e d 6 2 A. 3 d 3 8 0 ( P a . 2 0 1 2 ) . T h i s i s n o t a c a s e w h e r e th e s p o u s e h a s r e - t i tl e d an as s e t i n att e mp t t o s h i e l d th e b u s i n e s s fr o m e qu i t a b l e d i s tr i b ut i o n . R ath e r , i t i s c l e ar fr o m a ll o f th e e v i d e n c e th at H u s b an d h a d m a i n ta i n e d th e G un C l ub b u s i n e s s i n h i s m o th e r ' s n am e fo r o v e r 3 0 y e ar s fo r v ar i o u s r e a s o n s , i n c l u d i n g th e l e g a l li m i t at i o n s c r e at e d b y h i s c ri m i n a l r e c o r d w h ic h p r e c l u d e d h i s ab ili ty t o b uy an d s e JI fi r e arm s l e g a ll y . O v e r th e c o ur s e o f th e s e 3 0 y e ar s , H u s b an d e n j o y e d a ll o f th e b e n e fi t s o fo wn e r s h i p o f th e G un C l ub , c o n tro lli n g th e a s s e t s an d in c o m e o f

th e G un C l ub an d c o m i n g l in g as s e t s , al l fo r h i s o w n b e n e fi t. B u t fo r th e c o rp o rat e t i tl e , h i s m o th e r b e i n g th e p urp o rt e d s o l e s h ar e h o l d e r o n p a p e r , a ll i n d i c i a o f o w n e r s h i p an d c o n tro l d e m o n s trat e s th at H u s b an d i s th e a c t u a l o wn e r o fth e G un C l ub . F urth e rm o r e , th e tri a l c o urt ' s an a l y s i s o f H u s b an d ' s o w n e r s h i p o f th e G un C l ub i s n o t t o d e t e rm i n e w h e th e r 

### i t i s m ar i t a l p ro p e rty . H u s b an d ' s i n t e r e s t i n th e G un C l ub w a s a c qu i r e d b y H u s b an d l o n g b e fo r e th e m ar ri a g e . R ath e r , th e tri a l c o urt ' s an a l y s i s o f th i s as s e t i s fo r th e p ur

p o s e o f a s s e s s i n g th e in c r e a s e i n v a l u e o f n o run ar i t a l p ro p e rty i n

3 1 A p p e n d i x C

### , 

# .

a c c o r d an c e w i th § § 3 5 0 l ( a ) an d 3 5 0 l ( a .1 ) o f th e D i v o r c e C o d e . 4 3 A s th e S u p e r i o r C o urt n o t e d i n i t s r e m an d o p i ni o n , th e C o urt h a s " au th o r i z e d th e p i e r c i n g o f th e c o rp o rat e v e il w h e n a s p o u s e i s th e s o l e s h ar e h o l d e r an d th e c o r p o rati o n ' s i n c o m e i s u s e d t o d e t e rm i n e s u p p o rt . 

### C o m . e x . R e l
. M a i e r v. M a i e r , 4 1 8 A. 2 d 5 5 8 , 5 6 1 ( P a . S u p e r . 1 9 8 0 ) . I n th i s c a s e , th e tri a l c o urt e s s e n t i a ll y d i d th at w h e n i t fo un d th at H u s b an d h a d an i n c o m e e qu a l t o th a t o f th e G un C l ub fo r th e p urp o s e s o f d e t e rm i n i n g a li m o ny 

### p e n d e n te lite . " 4 4 M o r e o v e r , th e tr i a l c o urt n e e d n o t " d i s r e g ar d th e c o rp o rat e fo rm " o f th e G un C l ub i n o r d e r t o r e a c h th i s i s s u e , a s s u g g e s t e d b y th e S u p e r i o r C o urt i n it s o r d e r o fr e m an d . Wh e th e r th e G un C l ub m a i n t a i n e d i t s c o rp o r at e fo rm a li t i e s i s n o t th e qu e s t i o n h e r e . I n s t e a d , th e tri a l c o urt fo un d th a t w h il e th e G un C l ub s t o c k o wn e r s h i p m ay 

### b e t i tl e d 

### in th e m o th e r ' s n am e , H u s b an d w a s th e d e fac to o wn e r o fth e G un C l ub , an d m an a g e d an d c o n tro ll e d i t s a s s e t s an d i n c o m e fo r h i s o wn e x cl u s i v e b e n e fi t. A s n o t e d a b o v e , th e An s w e r fi l e d o n b e h a l f o f a d d i t i o n a l d e fe n d an t s , M o th e r ' s E s t at e an d th e G un C l u b ; a dmi t s a s tru e W i fe ' s a ll e g at i o n th at H u s b an d e x e r c i s e d 

### e x c l u s i v e d o m i n i o n an d c o n tr o l o v e r th e G un C l ub an d i t s a s s e t s an d i n c o m e , an d th at 

### h i s M o th e r h a d n o th i n g t o d o w i th th e G un C l ub . H u s b an d a l s o a dm i tt e d th at h i s M o th e r w a s n o t i n v o l v e d i n th e · G un C l u b . 4 5 Th e a d d i t i o n a l d e fe n d an t s s t o p p e d s h o rt o f a dm i tt i n g th a t H u s b an d w as th e 

### " tru e o w n e r o f th e G un C l ub , " i n s t e a d av e rr i n g th a t th e y w e r e w ith o ut s u ffi c i e n t kn o w l e d g e o r i n fo rm at i o n t o a dm i t o r d e ny th i s a ll e g ati o n . 4 6 T h i s c a s e i s m o r e an a l o g o u s t o th e r e as o n i n g i n 

### L i c i a rd

e l lo v . L ic ia rdello , 5 7 0 A. 2 d 1 0 6 2 , 1 0 6 4 (P a . S u p e r . 

### 1 9 9 0 ) , w h e r e th e C o urt u p h e l d th e tr i a l c o urt ' s fi n d i n g th at th e p art i e s ' s o n w a s m e r e l y a " s traw p arty " an d

4 3 2 3 P a . C . S . A. § § 3 5 0 l ( a ) , 3 5 0 l ( a . l ) . 44 F r e un d v . F r e un d , N o . 77 9 WD A 2 0 1 1 , M e m o ran d um O p i n i o n , N o v e mb e r 8 , 2 0 1 3 , p . 1 5 . 4 ' N o v e mb e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 5 h e ar i n g tr an s c r i p t ( H T ) , p p . 5 9 . 46 A d d i t i o n a l D e fe n d an t s ' A n s w e r an d N e w M att e r t o S e c o n d A m e n d e d C o mp l a i n t . j] 6 . 3 2 A p p e n d i x C< • •

th a t th e p ro p e rty s h o u l d b e i n c l u d e d i n th e m ari t a l e s t at e . S e e a l s o , 

### F it z p a t r i c k v . F it z p a tr i c k , 5 4 7 A. 2 d 3 6 2 , 3 6 7 ( P a . S u p e r. 1 9 8 8 ) ( th o u g h t i t l e t o an au t o m o b il e w a s h e l d t o b e i n th e c o rp o rat i o n , a p p e l l e e w a s n o t e s t o p p e d t o a s s e rt any i n t e r e s t i n i t e x c e p t i n s o f ar a s s h e m ay h av e an i n t e r e s t i n th e c o rp o rat i o n a s a w h o l e ) . 4 7 H av i n g r e c o n s i d e r e d th e i s s u e o f H u s b an d ' s o w n e r s h i p i n t e r e s t i n th e G un C l ub , i n 

### li g h t o f th e j o i n d e r o f th e Gun C l u

b , M o th e r ' s e s t at e an d th e h e i r s o fth e e s t at e , an d i n c o n s i d e rat i o n o f th e p l e a d i n g s fo ll o w i n g j o i n d e r an d th e t e s t i m o ny an d e x h i b i t s o fth e p art i e s th e r e a ft e r , th e tr i a l c o urt w a s n o t d i s s u a d e d , an d fo un d th at H u s b an d i s th e d e 

### f a c to o r tru e o w n e r o f th e G un C l u b . A s th e G un C l u

b i s a p r e m ar it a l a s s e t , o n l y th e i n c r e a s e i n i t s v a l u e w a s c o n s i d e r e d fo r e qu i t ab l e d i s tr i b u t i o n , c a lc u l at e d fr o m th e d at e o f th e p art i e s m arr i a g e t o th e d a t e o fth e i r fi n a l s e p ar at i o n , i n a c c o r d an c e w i th § 3 5 0 1 ( a . l ) o f th e D i v o r c e C o d e . 4 8 H av in g fo un d th at H u s b an d i s th e trn e o wn e r o f th e G un C l ub , th e s e c o n d ary i s s u e c o n s i d e r e d u

p o n r e m an d w a s w h e th e r th e i n c r e a s e d v a l u e o f th e G un C l ub i s w i thi n th e c at e g o r i e s o f

p ro p e rty e x cl u d e d b y th e p art i e s ' p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t d a t e d N o v e mb e r 

### 2 7 , , 2 0 0 1 . Th e tri a l c o urt fo un d th at th e i n c r e a s e i n v a l u e o f th e G un C l u

b d ur i n g th e m ar ri a g e w a s n o t e x c l u d e d b y th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t , an d H u s b an d a s s e rt s th i s a s hi s fi fth cl a i m o f th e c o urt ' s e r ro r . 4 9 Th e p art i e s ' p r e nu

p t i a l a g r e e m e n t p ro v i d e d , am o n g ei th e r th i n g s , th a t a ll p ro p e rty b e l o n g i n g t o e i th e r p arty at th e t i m e th e a g r e e m e n t w a s e x e c ut e d a s w e ll a s any 

### p ro c e e d s g e n e rat e d b y th e s e a s s e t s w o u l d r e m a in th e s o l e an d s e p ar at e p r o p e rty o f th e p arty

4 7 S e e a l s o , O a k

s v . C o o p e r , 6 3 8 A . 2 d 2 0 2 , 2 1 1 ( P a . 1 9 9 4 ) . U n l i k e Mr . C o o p e r , w h o tr e at e d th e c o rp o rat e farm a s h i s o w n fo r a g ri c u l t ura l p urp o s e s b u t p a i d r e n t an d o w n e d an d d e p r e c i at e d th e farm e qu i p m e n t ri e r s o n a ll y , H u s b an d h a s n o s u c h " arm ' s l e n g th " r e l ati o n s h i p w i th th e G un C l u b . 8 2 3 P a . C . S . A . § 3 5 0 l ( a . l ) . 4 9 H u s b an d ' s C o n c i s e S t at e m e n t o f M att e r s C o mp l a i n e d o fo n Ap p e a l , 

### t ( e ) .

3 3 A p p e n d i x Cr ' •

o w n i n g th e a s s e t a t th e t i m e o fe x e c u t i o n . T h e a g r e e m e n t d i d n o t m e n t i o n th e G un C l u b b u t s p e c i fi c a ll y i d e n t ifi e d tw o p i e c e s o f r e a l e s t at e , i n c l u d i n g th e p ro p e rty w h i c h c o n t a i n e d th e b u s i n e s s o f th e G un C l ub an d H u s b an d ' s r e s i d e n c e :

A ll i n t e r e s t i n th a t c e rt a i n p i e c e o f r e a l p r o p e rty l o c at e d at 9 2 0 K i n g R o a d , B u l g e r , W a s hi n g t o n C o un ty , P e nn s y l v an i a , b e i n g m o r e s p e c i fi c a ll y d e s c ri b e d i n D e e d B o o k V o l um e 8 6 1 5 , p a g e 1 4 0 , an d any s ub s e qu e n t d e e d . T h i s r e a l e s t at e p r o p e rty i s o w n e d b y J o s e p h D o n a l d F r e un d . 

### It i s i n t e n d e d th at o wn e r s h i p an d/ o r s a l e o f th e p ro p e rty p ro c e e d s s h a ll r e m a i n i n J o s e p h D o n a l d F r e un d ' s f am il y , u

_n l e s s d e t e rm i n e d o th e rwi s e d uri n g th e li fe t i m e o fJ o s e p h D o n a l d F r e un d . T h e a g r e e m e n t furth e r p r o v i d e d th a t " a ll s t o c k s , b o n d s , I n d i v i d u a l R e t i r e m e n t A c c o un t s , mutu a l fun d s , c e rt i fi c a t e s o fd e p o s i t , an d any an d a ll s av i n g s o r c h e c k in g a c c o un t s o wn e d s o l e l y o r j o i n tl y b y [H u s b an d ] p r i o r t o th i s A gr e e m e n t , i n c l u di n g any an d a ll p r o c e e d s g e n e r a t e d " th e r e fr o m w o u l d b e e x c l u d e d fr o m th e m ar i t a l e s t a t e . T h e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t d i d n o t m e n t i o n o r e x c l u d e fr o m th e m ari t a l e s t at e any a p p r e c i at i o n o r i n c r e as e i n v a l u e o f th e p r e m ar it a l p ro pe rty , n o r d i d th e p art i e s w a i v e th e i r r i g h t t o c l a i m a li m o ny , a li m o ny p e n d e n te lite o r c o un s e l fe e s fr o m th e o th e r . P r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t s ar e c o n tra c t s , an d , as s u c h , s h o u l d b e e v a l u at e d un d e r th e s am e c ri t e ri a a s ar e a p p li c a b l e t o o th e r typ e s o f c o n tra c t s . 

## * 

## * * F urth e r , e v e ry o n e w h o e n t e r s a l o n g - t e rm a g r e e m e n t kn o w s th a t c i r c um s t an c e s c an c h an g e d ur i n g i ts t e rm , s o th at w h at i n i t i a ll y a p p e ar e d d e s i rab l e m i g h t p r o v e t o b e an un fav o rab l e b ar g a i n . S u c h ar e th e ri s k s th a t c o n tr a c t i n g p art i e s r o ut i n e l y a s s um e . C e rt a i n l y , th e p o s s i b ili t i e s o f ill n e s s , b i rth o f c h il dr e n , r e li an c e u p o n a s p o u s e , c ar e e r c h an g e , fi n an c i a l g a i n o r l o s s , an d num e r o u s o th e r e v e n t s th at c an o c c ur i n th e c o ur s e o f a m ar ri a g e c ann o t b e r e g ar d e d a s un fo r e s e e ab l e . 

### If p art i e s c h o o s e n o t t o a d dr e s s s u c h m att e r s i n th e i r p r e nu

p ti a l a g r e e m e n t s , th e y mu s t b e r e g ar d e d a s h av i n g c o n tra c t e d t o b e ar th e r i s k o f e v e n ts th at a l t e r th e v a l u e o f th e ir b ar g a i n s . S i m e o n e v . S

i m e o n e, 5 8 1 A. 2 d 1 6 2 , 1 6 5 , 1 6 6 (P a . 1 9 9 0 ) .

3 4
A p p e n d i x C. r .
A t a h e ar i n g o n N o v e mb e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 4 b e fo r e th e tr i a l c o urt , H u s b an d t e s t i fi e d th a t

th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t w as p r e p ar e d b y h i s att o rn e y an d w as s i gn e d i n h i s att o rn e y ' s o ffi c e . 5 0 H u s b an d ' s att o rn e y r e a d an d e xp l a i n e d th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t t o W i fe . 5 1 H u s b an d a dm i tt e d th at th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t m a d e n o m e n ti o n o f th e G un C l u b . 5 2 A t th e h e ar i n g , H u s b an d ' s att o rn e y a c kn o w l e d g e d th a t h e p r e p ar e d th e a g r e e m e n t an d 

### e xp l a i n e d i t t o 

### W i fe , w h o 

### w a s unr e p r e s e n t e d . f H u s b an d ' s att o rn e y furth e r a c kn o w l e d g e d th a t h e m a d e n o p ro v i s i o n fo r a l im o ny , a li m o ny 

### pen de n teli te o r c o un s e l fe e s . 5 4 W i fe t e s t i fi e d th at a l th o u g h s h e r e a d th e a g r e e m e n t an d th at H u s b an d ' s c o un s e l e xp l a i n e d i t t o h e r , s h e d i d n o t un d e r s tan d th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t. 5 5 I n th i s c a s e , h av i n g th e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t p r e p ar e d b y h i s a tt o r n e y , H u s b an d c h o s e n o t t o a d dr e s s th e G un C l ub o r h i s i n t e r e s t th e r e i n , p e rh a p s r e l y i n g o n h i s c o n fi d e n c e th a t k e e p i n g i t i n hi s M o th e r ' s n am e s h i e l d e d h i m fr o m any li ab ili ty . Li k e w i s e , H u s b an d c h o s e n o t t o a d dr e s s o r e x c l u d e a li m o ny o r c o un s e l fe e s , o r th e i n c r e a s e i n v a l u e o f n o n m ar i t a l p r o p e rty . U n d e r th e c i r c um s t an c e s , H u s b an d mu s t b e r e g ar d e d as h av i n g c o n tra c t e d t o b e ar th e ri s k o f h av i n g t o p ay a l i m o ny an d c o un s e l f e e s , an d h av i n g th e i n c r e a s e i n v a l u e o f h i s p r e m ar i t a l a s s e t s i n c l u d e d i n th e m ar it a l e s tat e . S e e 

### S i m e o n e v . S

i m e o n e, s u

p ra . F urth e rm o r e , th e tri a l c o urt c ann o t fi n d th at th e p ro v i s i o n o fth e p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t e x c l u d in g th e 

### p ro c e e d s o f n o nm ar it a l a s s e t s fr o m th e m ari t a l e s t at e a l s o e x c l u d e s th e i n c r e a s e i n v a l u e o fn o nm ar i ta l a s s e t s fr o m th e m ar i t a l e s t at e . S i mp l y p ut,

5 0 N o v e mb e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 4 h e ar i n g tran s c r i p t ( H T ) , p p . 2 0 - 2 6 . 5 1 ld. , p p . 2 9 - 3 1 . 5 2 l d
. , p . 8 4 5 3 I d. , p p . 1 0 9 - 1 1 0 , 1 1 6 - 1 7 . 3 4 Id
. , p p . 1 2 6 - 2 7 . 5 5 Id. , p p . 14 4 . 

### 3 5 A p p e n d i x C

# ' ·

# . .
th e tr i a l c o urt c ann o t e qu at e th e t e rm 

### " p r o c e e d s " w ith " i n c r e a s e i n v a l u e " o r

" a p p r e c i at i o n , " an d c an fi n d n o auth o ri ty t o d o s o . T h i s c a s e i s o n p o i n t w � th th e fa c t s o f W ill i a m s o n v . W

ill i a m s o n , 

### 4 0 2 P a . S u

p e r . 2 7 6 , 5 8 6 A. 2 d 9 6 7 ( 1 9 9 1 ) , a l s o i nv o l v i n g an an t e nu p t i a l a gr e e m e n t an d a hu s b an d ' s p r e m ar it a l b u s i n e s s i n t e r e s t , w h e r e th e S u p e ri o r C o urt u p h e l d th e tr i a l c o urt' s i n cl u s i o n i n th e aw ar d o f e qu i t ab l e d i s tr i b ut i o n th e i n c r e a s e i n v a l u e o f

th e b u s i n e s s d

uri n g th e m ar

ri a g e : W e w ill a d dr e s s thi s i s s u e i n c o n j un c t i o n w ith M r . W ill i am s o n ' s n e x t . as s e rt i o n o f e r

ro r ; th at i s , th at th e tri a l c o urt " i mp r o p e rl y i n cl u d e d th e v a l u e o f th e b u s i n e s s i n th e m ar i ta l a s s e ts o r i n c l u d e d it 

### at an i mp r o p e r v a l u e . " Ap p e ll an t ' s b ri e f

, at i. A ft e r r e v i e w , w e fi n d th at th e tri a l c o urt h a d amp l e e v i d e n c e t o c o n c l u d e th at $ 6 5 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 w o rth o f M r . W ill i am s o n ' s b u s i n e s s w as s ub

j e c t t o e qu i t ab l e d i s tri b uti o n . W e a d o p t th e tri a l c o urt ' s an a l y s i s an d rat i o n a l e r e g ar d i n g th i s i s s u e . S e e 

### T ri a l c o urt o p i ni o n , Jun e 6 , 1 9 8 9 , at 2 - 3 , 5 , 6 - 8 , 1 0 , 1 3 - 1 4 , 1 6 , 1 7 . S e e 

### a l s o An t e nu p t i a l A g r e e m e n t , E x hi b i t A . I n b r i e f

, th e tri a l c o urt fo un d th at [ M r . W ill i am s o n ] o wn e d h i s b u s i n e s s b e fo r e th e m ar ri a g e . Th e v a l u e o f h i s b u s i n e s s at th e t i m e o f th e m arr i a g e i s d e t e rm i n e d b y th i s C o urt t o b e $ 6 5 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 . T h e v a l u e o f h i s b u s i n e s s w h e n s o l d i n S e p t e mb e r 1 9 8 8 w a s $ 1 3 0 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 T h e r e h as b e e n an i n c r e a s e o f $ 6 5 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 w h i c h w o u l d b e s u

b j e c t t o d i s tr i b ut i o n . [ .. .. ] T h e c o urt fi n d s th at th e v a l u e o f

W ill i am s o n S p o rt s B u s i n e s s s o l d t o a b o n a fi d e p ur c h a s e r t o b e th e a c t u a l v a l u e o f th e s a l e , $ 13 0 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 . T h e v a l u e o f th e b u s i n e s s n o t s ub

j e c t t o p r e nu p t i a l a g r e e m e n t b e tw e e n th e p art i e s i s $ 6 5 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 . T h i s $ 6 5 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 i n c r e as e i n v a l u e i s m ar i t a l p r o p e rty . T r i a l c o urt 

### o p i n i o n , Jun e 6 , 1 9 8 9 , at 6 - 7 . F i r s t , w e n o t e M r . W ill i am s o n ' s ar g um e n t. H e c l a i m s th a tth e tri a l c o urt as s i g n e d an i mp ro p e r v a l u e t o h i s b u s i n e s s i n a s mu c h a s i t fa il e d t o c o n s i d e r th at th e fr an c h i s e w a s o wn e d b y h i s b r o th e r , C ar l W ill i am s o n . 

### C ar l W ill i am s o n t e s ti fi e d th at h e w as a p artn e r i n th e b u s i n e s s an d th at h e r e c e i v e d h a l f o fth e p r o c e e d s w h e n th e b u s i n e s s w as s o l d . T h e tri a l c o urt e xp li c i tl y r e

j e c t e d h i s t e s t i m o ny . S

e e 

### T ri a l c o urt o p i n i o n , Jun e 6 , 1 9 8 9 , at 7 , 1 3 - 1 4 . C l e ar l y , th e fi n d e r o f fa c t i s e n t i tl e d t o w e i g h e v i d e n c e an d a s s e s s c r e d i b ili ty . 

### T

h o m s o n 

### v . T

h o m s o n . 3 5 9 P a . S u

p e r . 5 4 0 , 5 1 9 A. 2 d 4 8 3 ( 1 9 8 6 ) ; 

### W il s o n v . B e n i a m i n , 3 3 2 P a . S u p e r . 2 1 1, 2 2 1, 4 8 1 A. 2 d 3 2 8 . 3 3 3 ( 1 9 8 4 ) . 

### T h e fi n d e r o f fa c t m ay b e li e v e a ll , p art o r n o n e o f th e e v i d e n c e 3 6 A p p e n d i x Cp r e s e n t e d t o i t. 

### B ro w n v . B ro w n , 

### 3 5 2 P a . S u p e r . 

### 2 6 7 , 5 0 7 A. 2 d 

### 1 2 2 3 ( 1 9 8 6 ) . W e w ill n o t d i s t

ur b th e tri a l c o urt ' s c r e d i b il i ty d e t e rm i n a t i o n s . 

### C o m m o n w e a lt

h e x r e l
. C a p la n 

### v . C a p la n , 

### · 2 3 6 P a . S u

p e r . 

### 6 0 5 . 3 4 6 A. 2 d 

### 8 2 2 { 1 9 7 5 ) . S e c o n d , a r e v i e w o f

th e tri a l c o urt ' s o r d e r i n d i c at e s th at th e tr i a l c o urt aw ar d e d M r . W ill i am s o n th e e n t i r e 

### $ 6 5 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 , r e p r e s e n t i n g th e i n c r e a s e i n th e v a l u e o f

h i s b u s i n e s s fr o m th e t i m e o f m ar ri a g e un t il th e t i m e o f it s s a l e . 

### I

n a d d iti o n , M r . W ill i am s o n r e c e i v e d v ari o u s p r o p e rty , w hi c h h e a ll e g e s w a s p ur c h a s e d w i th th e p ro c e e d s o f th e s a l e . H e c l a i m s th a t th e tr i a l c o urt d o u

b l e - c o un t e d as s e t s . · A g a i n , w e n o t e th at th e tri a l c o urt e ff e c t u at e d a s c h e m e o f 

### e q u it

a b le d i s tr i b ut i o n . W e fi n d , e s p e c i a ll y i n li g h t o f th e tri a l c o urt ' s o p i n i o n an d o r d e r e n t e r e d a ft e r c o n s i d e rat i o n o f M r . W ill i am s o n ' s " e x c e p t i o n s " t o th e Jun e 6 , 1 9 8 9 o r d e r , th at th e tri a l c o urt r e c o gn i z e d th e fu ll r am i fi c at i o n s o f it s d i s tri b ut i o n d e ci s i o n s . 

## * * * T h e la w o n t

h i s i s s u e w a s a r ti c u la te d i n A n t h o n y v . 

### A n t h o n y, 3 5 5 Pa . S u p e r. 5 8 9, 5 1 4 

### A
. 2 d 9 1 (1 9 8 6 )
. w h e r e i n th i s C o urt h e l d th at m ar i t a l p ro p e rty i n c l u d e s any a c c r e t i o n i n th e v a l u e o fp r e - m ar it a l p ro p e rty , r e g ar d l e s s o fw h e th e r th at p ro p e rty w as e x c h an g e d fo r o th e r p r o p e rty . 

### W i lli a m s o n v . W

ill i a m s o n , s u

p ra , 

### 4 0 2 P a . S u

p e r . a t 

### 2 8 5 - 8 7 , 5 8 6 A . 2 d at 

### 9 7 1 - 7 2 . S i m i l ar t o th e i n s t an t c a s e , th e tr i a l c o urt i n 

### W ill i a m s o n r e

j e c t e d th e hu s b an d ' s cl a i m th a t th e b u s i n e s s w as o w n e d b y h i s b r o th e r , an d th e S u p e ri o r C o urt d i d n o t d i s tur b th at d e t e rm i n at i o n . M o r e o v e r , i n r e v i e w i n g th e tr i a l c o urt ' s an a l y s i s o f e qu i tab l e d i s tr i b u t i o n , th e S u

p e r i o r C o urt n o t e d th e d i s t i n c ti o n b e tw e e n " p r o c e e d s " o fth e b u s i n e s s as s e t i n qu e s t i o n an d th e " i n c r e as e 

### in v a l u e " th e r e o f . I n c o n s i d e rati o n o fth e fo r e g o i n g , th e tri a l c o urt a g a i n fo un d th at th e i n c r e a s e i n v a l u e o f th e G un C l ub o v e r th e c o ur s e o f th e m ar r i a g e mu s t b e i n c l u d e d i n th e m ar i ta l e s t at e fo r th e p urp o s e s o f e qu it ab l e d i s tri b ut i o n . T h e c a lc u l a t i o n o f th e i n c r e a s e i n v a l u e w a s o ff e r e d b y W i fe ' s e xp e rt , D av i d K a p l an C P A/AB V , J D , C V A o fA l p e rn R o s e n th a l , d ur i n g th e h e ar i n g b e fo r e th e tri a l c o urt o n J anu ary 3 1 , 2 0 1 1 . M r . K a p l an e v a l u at e d th e

3 7 A p p e n d i x C

### i n c r e as e i n v a l u e o f th e b u s i n e s s fr o m M ay 3 1 , 2 0 0 1 thr o u g h M ay 3 1 , 2 0 0 4 , 5 6 

### u s i n g th e

c a p i t a li z e d c as h fl o w m e th o d t o v a l u e an o p e rat i n g e n t e rp r i s e th at a l s o h e l d i n v e s tm e n t as s e t s . K a

p l an t e s t i fi e d th at b e c au s e th e c a p i t a li z e d c a s h fl o w m e th o d an a l y z e s th e v a l u e o f th e o p e rat i o n s , th e c a s h fl o w , e x c e s s w o rk i n g c a p i t a l an d o th e r n o n - o p e rat i n g a s s e t s , i t w a s th e m o s t a

p p ro p r i at e m e th o d i n th i s c as e . s 7 

### F o ll o w i n g a s e ri e s o f c a l c u l at i o n s , M r . 

### K a p l an d e t e rm in e d th at H u s b an d ' s 1 0 0 % e qu i ty i n t e r e s t i n G r e at e r P i tt s b ur g h T ra p & S k e e t , I n c . w as $ 2 7 5 , 0 9 4 a s o f M ay 3 1 , 20 0 1 an d $ 4 0 0 , 0 8 2 a s o f M ay 

### 3 1 , 2 0 0 4 . T h e r e fo r e , th e a g g r e g at e i n c r e a s e i n th e G un 

### C l ub ' s v a l u e fr o m M ay 3 1 , 2 0 0 1 t o M ay 3 1 , 2 0 0 4 w as $ 1 2 4 , 9 8 8 . F i n a ll y , H u s b an d a c c u s e s th e tri a l c o urt o f c o m m i tt i n g e rr o r an d ab u s i n g i t s d i s c r e ti o n fo r " aut o m ati c a ll y aw ar d i n g att o rn e y fe e s w i th o ut c o n s i d e ri n g Ap p e ll e e ' s a b ili ty t o p ay . " 5 8 

### T h e tr i a l c o urt s ub m it s th at th i s i s s u e h a s b e e n w a i v e d d u e t o H u s b an d ' s fa il ur e t o ra i s e th e i s s u e fo ll o w i n g r e m an d . A l th o u g h H u s b an d fil e d e x c e p t i o n s t o th e m a s t e r ' s R e p o rt , w h i c h r e c o mm e n d e d an aw ar d o f att o rn e y s ' fe e s , an d th o u gh H u s b an d c h a ll e n g e d th i s i s s u e o n th e fir s t a p p e a l t o th e S u

p e ri o r C o urt , at n o t i m e d ur i n g th e p ro c e e d i n g s fo ll o w i n g r e m an d d i d H u s b an d att a c k th e p r o p ri e ty o f th e aw ar d o f att o rn e y s ' fe e t o W i fe . F urth e rm o r e , H u s b an d o ff e r e d n o e v i d e n c e r e g ar d i n g W i fe ' s a b ili ty t o p ay o r h i s a

b i l i ty t o p ay o r any i mp a i rm e n t i n h i s a b i l i ty t o p ay th e 

### att o rn e y s ' fe e s , fo r th e c o urt' s c o n s i d e rat i o n . A c c o r d i n g l y , th i s i s s u e h a s b e e n w a i v e d . S e e 

### Y e n c h i v . A m e r i p r i s e F i n a n c i a l , I n c . , 1 2 3 A. 3 d 1 0 7 1 , 10 8 1 (P a . S u p e r. 2 0 . 1 5 ) , r e v e r s e d i n p art o n

5 6 Janu ary 3 1 , 2 0 1 1 h e ar i n g tr an s c r i p t ( H T ) , p p . 6 - 7 . A lth o u g h th e p art i e s w e r e m arr i e d o n D e c e mb e r I , 2 0 0 1 an d s e p ar at e d o n Ap r il 6 , 2 0 0 4 , th e e xp e rt ut ili z e d M ay 3 1 • 1 o f b o th 2 0 0 1 an d 2 0 0 4 fo r e v a l u at i o n p urp o s es b e c au s e i t r e p r e s e n t e d th e e n d o fth e fi s c a l y e ar fo r th e c o mp any . T h e e xp e rt e xp l a i n e d th at it i s c o mm o n p r a c t i c e i n th e b u s i n e s s v a l u at i o n fi e l d t o u s e th e d at e cl o s e s t t o th e d at e o fv a l u ati o n fo r w h i c h c o mp l e t e an d s u ffi c i e n t fi n an c i a l d at a i s av a il ab l e . 5 7 Janu ary 3 1 , 2 0 I l ' H T , p p . 1 8 - 1 9 . 5 8 H u s b an d ' s C o n c i s e S t at e m e n t o f M att e r s C o mp l a i n e d o f o n Ap p e a l , ,i ( d ) . 

### 3 8 A p p e n d i x Co th e r g ro un d s , 2 0 1 7 W L 2 6 4 4 4 7 3 , 6 / 2 0 / 2 0 1 7 ( P a . 2 0 1 7 ) , qu o t i n g 

### T h o m p s o n v . T h o m p s o n , 9 6 3 A . 2 d 4 7 4 , 4 7 5 - 7 6 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 0 8 ) , " [ o ] n a

p p e a l th e S u

p e ri o r C o urt w i ll n o t c o n s i d e r a cl a i m w h i c h w a s n o t c a ll e d t o th e tri a l 

### c o urt ' s att e n t i o n at a t i m e w h e n any e rr o r c o m m itt e d c o u l d h av e b e e n c o rr e c t e d ; " s e e a l s o P a . R . A. P . 3 0 2 ( a ) ( " I s s u e n o t ra i s e d i n th e l o w e r c o urt ar e w a i v e d an d c ann o t b e ra i s e d fo r th e fi r s t t i m e o n a p p e a l . " ) , 

### I n 

### any c a s e , th e aw ar d o f att o rn e y s ' 

### fe e i n th e c o n t e x t o f e qu i t ab l e d i s tr i b ut i o n i s 

### a m att e r l e ft t o th e s o un d d i s c r e t i o n o f th e tr i a l c o urt , w h i c h w ill n o t b e d i s t ur b e d a b s e n t an a b u s e o f d i s c r e t i o n . S e e , M c C o y v . M c C o y , 8 8 8 A. 2 d 9 0 6 , 9 0 8 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 0 5 ) : O ur ro l e i n r e v i e w i n g e qu i t ab l e d i s tri b uti o n aw ar d s i s w e ll - s e tt l e d .
" O ur s t an d ar d o f r e v i e w i n a s s e s s i n g th e p ro p r i e ty o f a m ar i t a l p ro p e rty d i s tr i b uti o n .i s w h e th e r th e tri a l c o urt a b u s e d i t s d i s c r e t i o n b y a m i s a

p p li c at i o n o f th e l aw o r fa il ur e t o fo ll o w p ro p e r l e g a l p ro c e d

ur e . " H a ra s y m 

### v . H a ra s y m , 4 1 8 P a . S u

p e r . 4 8 6 . 6 1 4 A. 2 d 7 4 2 , 7 4 6 (1 9 9 2 ) . " An ab u s e o f d i s c r e ti o n i s n o t fo un d li g h tl y , b u t o n l y u

p o n 

### a s h o wi n g o f cl e ar an d c o nv i n c i n g 

### e v i d e n c e . " Z o ll a r s 

### v . Z o lla r s . 3 9 7 P a . S u

p e r . 2 0 4 , 5 7 9 A. 2 d 1 3 2 8 . 1 3 3 0 (1 9 9 0 ) , 

### a p p e a l d e n i e d , 

### 5 2 7 P a . 6 0 3 , 5 8 9 A. 2 d 6 9 3 (1 9 9 1 ) . 

### M e rc a te // v . M e rc a te /1 , 8 5 4 A. 2 d 6 0 9 , 6 1 2 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 0 4 ) . I n th i s c a s e , th e tr i a l c o urt d i d n o t " aut o m at i c a ll y " aw ar d att o rn e y s ' fe e s a s H u s b an d w o u l d s u g g e s t , b ut d i d s o o n l y a ft e r c ar e fu l c o n s i d e rat i o n o f th e a s s e t s an d e arn i n g c a

p a c i t i e s o f th e p art i e s , an d th e p ro tra c t e d n at ur e o f th e li t i g ati o n an d 

### i ts c o mp l e x i ty . A s n o t e d a b o v e , fo r p ur

p o s e s o f d e t e rm i n i n g e qu i tab l e d i s tri b ut i o n , a li m o ny , an d c o un s e l f e e s an d e xp e n s e s , th e c o urt fo un d th at H u s b an d h a d an 

### annu a l n e t e arn i n g c a p a ci ty o f $ 5 4 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 , w hi l e W i fe h a d an 

### annu a l e arn i n g c a

p a ci ty o f $ 2 3 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 . Th i s fi n d i n g w a s n e v e r c h a ll e n g e d b y H u s b an d . M o r e o v e r , 

### as n o t e d a b o v e , H us b an d h e l d s i g n i fi c an t p r e m ari t a l a s s e t s

. 

### .

3 9 A p p e n d i x C

### i n c l u d i n g r e a l e s t at e , i nv e s tm e n t a c c o un t s , r e t i r e m e n t a c c o un t s an d 

### I RA

a c c o unt s . 5 9 

### W i fe h e l d n o s u c h s i g n i fi c an t as s e t s . Th e p ur p o s e o f 

### an aw ar d o f c o un s e l fe e s i s t o p ro m o t e th e fa i r a dm i n i s trat i o n o f

j u s t i c e b y e n ab li n g th e d e p e n d e n t s p o u s e t o m a i n t a i n o r d e fe n d th e d i v o r c e a c t i o n w ith o ut b e i n g p l a c e d at a fi n an c i a l d i s a dv an t a g e , an d t o p l a c e 

### th e p art i e s " o n p ar " w i th o n e an o th e r : S ee M c C o y v . M c C o y , s u p ra , 8 8 8 A. 2 d at 9 0 9 , qu o t i n g 

### T

e o d o r s k i v . T e o d o r sk i , 8 5 7 A . 2 d 1 9 4 , 2 0 1 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 0 4 ) ( qu o t i n g 

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ura l h i s t o ry , th i s c a s e i nv o l v e d p ro tra c t e d li t i g ati o n an d
- c o mp l e x i ssu e s , 

### i n cl u d i n g th e i s s u e o f th e tru e o w n e r s h i p an d v a l u e o f th e G un C l ub b u s i n e s s , w hi c h r e qu i r e d e xp e rt an a l y s i s . H u s b an d c o n t i nu e s t o i n s i s t th at th e G un C l ub b u s i n e s s i s n o t s ub j e c t t o e qu i t a

b l e d i s tr i b ut i o n p r o c e e d i n g s , b e c au s e h e h a d att e mp t e d t o s h i e l d i t i n h i s M o th e r ' s n am e , d e s p i t e th e o v e rw h e l m i n g e v i d e n c e t o th e c o n trary . W i fe w o u l d n o t h av e b e e n a b l e t o a f fo r d th e n e c e s s ary e xp e rt s an d c o n t i nu e d l e g a l r e p r e s e n tat i o n , t o e n d ur e th e p r o l o n g e d li t i g at i o n , w ith o ut an 

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### j u d g m e n t i n li g h t o f th e r e c o r d . " S ta c k h o u s e 

### v . S ta c k h o u s e . 

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p e r . 2 0 0 4 ) . U n d e r th e c i r c um s t an c e s h e r e , w e c ann o t c o n c l u d e th at th e c o urt ' s 

### d e c i s i o n w a s m an i fe s tl y unr e a s o n ab l e . M c C o y v . 

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### 8 8 8 A. 2 d at 9 1 0 .

5 9 S e e n o t e 4 2 , s u

p ra . 4 0 A p p e n d i x C

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### th e o r d e r o f c o urt d at e d Ju l y 1 . 8 , 2 0 1 6 , b e 

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