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                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research: Manhattan, KS
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                        Center for Grain and Animal Health Research: Manhattan, KS
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ARS Home Plains Area Manhattan, Kansas Center for Grain and Animal Health Research Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research People & Locations





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- People
- Dan Brabec
- James Campbell (CD)
- Alison Gerken
- Rob Morrison
- Brenda Oppert
- Lester Pordesimo
- Deanna Scheff
- Erin Scully (RL)
- Paul Armstrong
- Frank Arthur
- Mark Casada

Paul R Armstrong
                     

                     Research Agricultural Engineer

                     


                        **Publications**
                                    (Clicking on the reprint icon
                                       Reprint Icon
                                       will take you to the publication reprint.)Developing a multi-spectral NIR LED-based instrument for detection of pesticide residues containing chlorpyrifos-methyl in rough, brown and milled rice

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Rodriguez, F.S., Armstrong, P.R., Maghirang, E.B., Yaptenco, K.F., Scully, E.D., Arthur, F.H., Brabec, D.L., Adviento-Borbe, A.A., Suministrado, D.C. 2020. Developing a multi-spectral NIR LED-based instrument for detection of pesticide residues containing chlorpyrifos-methyl in rough, brown and milled rice. Transactions of the ASABE. 36(6):983-993. https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.14001.Real-time stored product insect detection and identification using deep learning: System integration and extensibility to mobile platforms

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Badgujar, C., Armstrong, P.R., Gerken, A.R., Pordesimo, L.O., Campbell, J.F. 2023. Real-time stored product insect detection and identification using deep learning: System integration and extensibility to mobile platforms. Journal of Stored Products Research. 104. Article 102196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2023.102196.[RA] NIR spectral imaging for animal feed quality and safety

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Dantes-Mendoza, P., Hurburgh, C.R., Maier, D.M., Armstrong, P.R. 2024. [RA] NIR spectral imaging for animal feed quality and safety. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 39(6): 553-564. https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.15051.Identifying common stored product insects using automated deep learning methods

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Badgujar, C., Armstrong, P.R., Gerken, A.R., Pordesimo, L.O., Campbell, J.F. 2023. Identifying common stored product insects using automated deep learning methods. Journal of Stored Products Research. 103. Article 102166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2023.102166.Assessment of oil quantification methods for high oil seeds

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Al-Bakri, A., Al-Amery, M., Su, K., Anderson, H., Geneve, R., Crocker, M., Teets, N., Armstrong, P.R., Kachroo, P., Hildebrand, D. 2023. Assessment of oil quantification methods for high oil seeds. Analytical Chemistry. 50. Article 102715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102715.Application of machine learning for insect monitoring in grain facilities

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Mendoza, Q.A., Pordesimo, L.O., Nielsen, M.L., Armstrong, P.R., Campbell, J.F. 2023. Application of machine learning for insect monitoring in grain facilities. Artificial Intelligence. 4:348-360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ai4010017.Crop seed phenomics: Enabling nondestructive phenotyping approaches for characterization of functional and quality traits

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Hacisalihoglu, G., Armstrong, P.R. 2023. Crop seed phenomics: Enabling nondestructive phenotyping approaches for characterization of functional and quality traits. Plants. 12(5):1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051177.Prediction of sorghum oil and kernel weight using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Mendoza, P.D., Armstrong, P.R., Peiris, K.H., Siliveru, K., Bean, S.R., Pordesimo, L.O. 2023. Prediction of sorghum oil and kernel weight using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging. Cereal Chemistry. 100(3):775-783. https://doi.org/10.1002/cche.10656.Compositional analysis in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) NIR spectral techniques based on mean spectra from single seeds

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Gokhan, H., Armstrong, P.R., Mendoza, P.D., Seabourn, B.W. 2022. Compositional analysis in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) NIR spectral techniques based on mean spectra from single seeds. Frontiers in Plant Science. 13:995328. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.995328.Predicting single kernel and bulk milled rice alkali spreading value and gelatinization temperature class using nir spectroscopy

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R., Maghirang, E.B., Chen, M., McClung, A.M., Yaptenco, K.F., Brabec, D.L., Wu, T., Wei, Y. 2022. Predicting single kernel and bulk milled rice alkali spreading value and gelatinization temperature class using nir spectroscopy. Cereal Chemistry. 99(6):1234-1245. https://doi.org/10.1002/cche.10587.NIR spectroscopy for rapid measurement of moisture and cannabinoid contents of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa)

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Su, K., Maghirang, E.B., Tan, J., Yoon, J., Armstrong, P.R., Kachroo, P., Hildebrand, D. 2022. NIR spectroscopy for rapid measurement of moisture and cannabinoid contents of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa). Industrial Crops and Products. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115007.Flax and sorghum: Multi-elemental contents and nutritional values within 210 varieties and potential selection for future climates to sustain food security

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Gokhan, H., Armstrong, P.R. 2022. Flax and Sorghum: Multi-Elemental Contents and Nutritional Values within 210 Varieties and Potential Selection for Future Climates to Sustain Food Security.. Plants. 11(3). Article 541. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030451.Predicting single kernel moisture and protein content of mushroom popcorn using NIR spectroscopy: Tool for detecting their effect on popping performance

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Wu, X., Maghirang, E.B., Armstrong, P.R. 2022. Predicting single kernel moisture and protein content of mushroom popcorn using NIR spectroscopy: Tool for detecting their effect on popping performance. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 38(3):469-476. https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.14875.Classification approaches for sorting maize (Zea mays subsp. mays) haploid using single-kernel near-infrared spectroscopy

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Gustin, J.L., Frei, U.K., Baier, J., Armstrong, P.R., Lubberstedt, T., Settles, A.M. 2020. Classification approaches for sorting maize (Zea mays subsp. mays) haploid using single-kernel near-infrared spectroscopy. Plant Breeding. 139(6):1103-1112. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12857.NIR spectroscopy detects chlorpyrifos-methyl pesticide residues in rough, brown, and milled rice

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Rodriguez, F.S., Armstrong, P.R., Maghirang, E.B., Yaptenco, K.F., Scully, E.D., Arthur, F.H., Brabec, D.L., Adviento-Borbe, A.A., Suministrado, D.C. 2020. NIR spectroscopy detects chlorpyrifos-methyl pesticide residues in rough, brown, and milled rice. Transactions of the ASABE. 36(6):983-993. https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.14001.Generation and characterization of a soybean line with a Vernonia galamensis diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 gene and a myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase knockout mutation

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Al-Amery, M., Fowler, A., Unrine, J.M., Armstrong, P.R., Maghirang, E.B., Su, K., De Melo, J., Yuan, F., Shu, Q., Hildebrand, D. 2020. Generation and characterization of a soybean line with a Vernonia galamensis diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 gene and a myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase knockout mutation. Lipids. 12253. https://doi.org/10.1002/lipd.12253.Development of whole and ground seed near-infrared spectroscopy calibrations for oil, protein, moisture and fatty acids in Salvia hispanica

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Serson, W., Armstrong, P.R., Maghirang, E.B., AL-Bakri, A., Phillips, T., AL-Amery, M., Su, K., Hildebrand, D. 2020. Development of whole and ground seed near-infrared spectroscopy calibrations for oil, protein, moisture and fatty acids in Salvia hispanica. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 97(1):3-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12300.Detection of chalk in single kernels of long-grain milled rice using imaging and visible/near infrared instruments

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R., McClung, A.M., Maghirang, E.B., Chen, M., Brabec, D.L., Yaptenco, K.F., Famoso, A.N., Addison, C.K. 2019. Detection of chalk in single kernels of long-grain milled rice using imaging and visible/near infrared instruments. Cereal Chemistry. 96(6):1103-1111. https://doi.org/10.1002/cche.10220.Rapid differentiation of commercially-available soy sauces using near-infrared spectroscopy

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Rosales, J.H., Yaptenco, K.F., Aguila, M.B., Armstrong, P.R. 2019. Rapid differentiation of commercially-available soy sauces using near-infrared spectroscopy. Philippine Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering. 15(2):3-12.Moisture content, insect pests and mycotoxin levels of maize on farms in Tamale environs in the Northern Region of Ghana

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Manu, N., Osekre, E.A., Opit, G.P., Arthur, F.H., Mbata, G., Armstrong, P.R., Danso, J.K., McNeill, S.G., Campbell, J.F. 2019. Moisture content, insect pests and mycotoxin levels of maize on farms in Tamale environs in the Northern Region of Ghana. Journal of Stored Products Research. 83:153-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2019.05.015.Effectiveness of the solar biomass hybrid dryer for drying and disinfestation of maize

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Bosomtwe, A., Danso, J.K., Osekre, E.A., Opit, G.P., Mbata, G., Armstrong, P.R., Arthur, F.H., Campbell, J.F., Manu, N., McNeill, S.G., Akowuah, J.O. 2019. Effectiveness of the solar biomass hybrid dryer for drying and disinfestation of maize. Journal of Stored Products Research. 83:66-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2019.05.011.Forces on monitoring cables during grain bin filling and emptying

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Casada, M.E., Thompson, S.A., Armstrong, P.R., McNeill, S.G., Maghirang, R.G., Montross, M.D., Turner, A.P. 2019. Forces on monitoring cables during grain bin filling and emptying. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 35(3):409-415. https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.13147.Determining damage levels in wheat caused by Sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps) using visible and near-Infrared spectroscopy

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R., Maghirang, E.B., Ozulu, M. 2019. Determining damage levels in wheat caused by Sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps) using visible and near-Infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Cereal Science. 86:102-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2019.02.003.Low-temperature tolerance of maize and sorghum seedlings grown under the same environmental conditions

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Antony, R., Kirkham, M., Todd, T., Bean, S.R., Wilson, J.D., Armstrong, P.R., Maghirang, E.B., Brabec, D.L. 2019. Low-temperature tolerance of maize and sorghum seedlings grown under the same environmental conditions. Journal of Crop Improvement. 33(3):287-305. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2019.1579139.Impact of storage structures on moisture content, insect pests and mycotoxin levels of maize in Ghana

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Danso, J.K., Osekre, E.A., Opit, G.P., Arthur, F.H., Campbell, J.F., Mbata, G., Manu, N., Armstrong, P.R., McNeill, S.G. 2019. Impact of storage structures on moisture content, insect pests and mycotoxin levels of maize in Ghana. Journal of Stored Products Research. 81:114-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2018.11.012.Interplay between nitrogen fertilizer and biological nitrogen fixation in soybean: Implications on seed yield and biomass allocation

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Tamagno, S., Sadras, V.O., Haegele, J.W., Armstrong, P.R., Ciampitte, I.A. 2018. Interplay between nitrogen fertilizer and biological nitrogen fixation in soybean: Implications on seed yield and biomass allocation. Nature Scientific Reports. 8:17502. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35672-1.Moisture content, insect pest infestation and mycotoxin levels of maize in markets in the northern region of Ghana

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Manu, N., Opit, G., Osekre, E., Arthur, F.H., Mbata, G., Armstrong, P.R., Danso, J.K., McNeill, S.G., Campbell, J.F. 2019. Moisture content, insect pest infestation and mycotoxin levels of maize in markets in the northern region of Ghana. Journal of Stored Products Research. 80:10-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2018.10.007.A low-cost automated system for high-throughput phenotyping of single oat seeds

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Clohessy, J.W., Pauli, D., Kreher, K.M., Buckler IV, E.S., Armstrong, P.R., Wu, T., Hoekenga, O.A., Jannink, J., Sorrells, M.E., Gore, M.A. 2018. A low-cost automated system for high-throughput phenotyping of single oat seeds. The Plant Phenome Journal. 1(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.2135/tppj2018.07.0005.On-farm maize insect pest and mycotoxin levels in Ghana

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(Proceedings)Danso, J.K., Manu, N., Osekre, E.A., Opit, G.P., Armstrong, P.R., Arthur, F.H., Campbell, J.F., Mbata, G., McNeill, S.G. 2018. On-farm maize insect pest and mycotoxin levels in Ghana. In: (Juluis-Kuhr-Archieve) 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, October 7-11, 2018, Berlin, Germany. 463:931-933. https://doi.org/10.5073/jka.2018.463.199.Exploring nitrogen limitation for historical and modern soybean genotypes

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Ortez, O.A., Salvagiotte, F., Enrico, J.M., Prasad, P.V.V., Armstrong, P.R., Ciampitti, I.A. 2018. Exploring nitrogen limitation for historical and modern soybean genotypes. Agronomy Journal. 110(5):2080-2090. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2018.04.0271.Insect pests and fungal pathogens in maize stored in Ghana

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(Proceedings)Danso, J.K., Osekre, E.A., Opit, G.P., Manu, N., Armstrong, P.R., Arthur, F.H., Campbell, J.F., Mbata, G., McNeill, S.G. 2018. Insect pests and fungal pathogens in maize stored in Ghana. In: (Juluis-Kuhr-Archieve) 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, October 7-11, 2018, Berlin, Germany. 463:27-31.Evaluation of plastic and steel bins for protection of stored maize against insect infestation in Ghana

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(Proceedings)Bosomtwe, A., Osekre, E.A., Opit, G.P., Mbata, G., Armstrong, P.R., Arthur, F.H., Campbell, J.F., Nsiah, E.P. 2018. Evaluation of plastic and steel bins for protection of stored maize against insect infestation in Ghana. In: (Juluis-Kuhr-Archieve) 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, October 7-11, 2018, Berlin, Germany. 463:968-972.Near-infrared spectroscopy used to predict soybean seed germination and vigor

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Al-Amery, M., Geneve, R.L., Sanches, M., Armstrong, P.R., Maghirang, E.B., Lee, C., Vieira, R., Hildebrand, D. 2018. Near-infrared spectroscopy used to predict soybean seed germination and vigor. Seed Science Research. 28(3):245-252. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960258518000119.Post-harvest insect infestation and mycotoxin levels in maize markets in the Middle Belt of Ghana

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Danso, J.K., Osekre, E.A., Manu, N., Opit, G.P., Armstrong, P.R., Arthur, F.H., Campbell, J.F., Mbata, G., McNeil, S.G. 2018. Post-harvest insect infestation and mycotoxin levels in maize markets in the Middle Belt of Ghana. Journal of Stored Products Research. 77:9-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2018.02.004.Vis- and NIR-based instruments for detection of black-tip damaged wheat kernels: A comparative study

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Wu, T., Armstrong, P.R., Maghirang, E.B. 2018. Vis- and NIR-based instruments for detection of black-tip damaged wheat kernels: A comparative study. Transactions of the ASABE. 61(2):461-467. https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.12432.Population dynamics of stored maize insect pests in warehouses in two districts of Ghana

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Manu, N., Osekre, E.A., Opit, G.P., Campbell, J.F., Arthur, F.H., Mbata, G., Armstrong, P.R., Danso, J.K. 2018. Population dynamics of stored maize insect pests in warehouses in two districts of Ghana. Journal of Stored Products Research. 76:102-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2018.01.001.Technical note: Equilibrium moisture content of kabuli chickpea, black sesame, and white sesame seeds

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R., Maghirang, E.B., Subramanyam, B., McNeill, S.G. 2017. Technical note: Equilibrium moisture content of kabuli chickpea, black sesame, and white sesame seeds. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 33(5):737-742. https://doi.org/10.1303/aea.12460.Development and evaluation of a low-cost probe-type instrument to measure the equilibrium moisture content of grain

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R., McNeil, S., Manu, N., Bosomtwe, A., Danso, J.K., Osekre, E., Opit, G. 2017. Development and evaluation of a low-cost probe-type instrument to measure the equilibrium moisture content of grain. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 33(5):619-629. https://doi.org/10.1303/aea.12266.Moisture content, insect pests and mycotoxin levels of maize at harvest and post-harvest in the Middle Belt of Ghana

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Danso, J., Osekre, E., Manu, N., Opit, G., Armstrong, P.R., Arthur, F.H., Campbell, J.F., Mbata, G. 2017. Moisture content, insect pests and mycotoxin levels of maize at harvest and post-harvest in the Middle Belt of Ghana. Journal of Stored Products Research. 74:46-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2017.08.007.Quantification of betaglucans, lipid and protein contents in whole oat groats (Avena sativa L.) using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

                                          
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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Montilla-Bascon, G., Armstrong, P.R., Han, R., Sorrells, M. 2017. Quantification of betaglucans, lipid and protein contents in whole oat groats (Avena sativa L.) using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy. 25(3):172-179. doi: 10.1177/0967033517709615.Discriminating oat and groat kernels from other grains using near infrared spectroscopy

                                          
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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R., Dell'Endice, F., Maghirang, E.B., Rupenyan, A. 2017. Discriminating oat and groat kernels from other grains using near infrared spectroscopy. Cereal Chemistry. 94(3):458-463. doi:10.1094/CCHEM-06-16-0162-R.Visible and near-infrared instruments for detection and quantification of individual sprouted wheat kernels

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R., Maghirang, E.B., Yaptenco, K.F., Pearson, T.C. 2016. Visible and near-infrared instruments for detection and quantification of individual sprouted wheat kernels. Transactions of the ASABE. 59(6):1517-1527. doi:10.13031/trans.59.11566.A vernonia diacylglycerol acyltransferase can increase renewable oil production

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Hatanaka, T., Serson, W., Li, R., Armstrong, P.R., Yu, K., Pfeiffer, T., Li, X., Hildebrand, D. 2016. A vernonia diacylglycerol acyltransferase can increase renewable oil production. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 64(38):7188-7194.  doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02498.Enhanced single seed trait predictions in soybean (Glycine max) and robust calibration model transfer with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

                                          
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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Hacisalihoglu, G., Gustin, J.L., Louisma, J., Armstrong, P.R., Peter, G.F., Walker, A.R., Settles, A. 2016. Enhanced single seed trait predictions in soybean (Glycine max) and robust calibration model transfer with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 64(5): 1079-1056. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05508.Maize Storage in Termite Mound Clay, Concrete, and Steel Silos in the Humid Tropics: Comparison and Effect on Bacterial and Fungal Counts

                                          
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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Omobowale, M.O., Armstrong, P.R., Mijinyawa, Y., Igbeka, J.C., Maghirang, E.B. 2016. Maize Storage in Termite Mound Clay, Concrete, and Steel Silos in the Humid Tropics: Comparison and Effect on Bacterial and Fungal Counts. Transactions of the ASABE. 59(3):1039-1048. doi: 10.1303/trans.59.11437.Performance evaluation of termite-mound clay, concrete and steel silos for the storage of maize grains in the humid tropics

                                          
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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Omobowale, M.O., Mijinyawa, Y., Armstrong, P.R., Igbeka, J.C., Maghirang, E.B. 2015. Performance evaluation of termite-mound clay, concrete and steel silos for the storage of maize grains in the humid tropics. Journal of Stored Products Research. 6(7):56-65.  doi: 10.5897/JSPPR2015.1087.Detecting and Segregating Black Tip-Damaged Wheat Kernels Using Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R., Maghirang, E.B., Pearson, T.C. 2015. Detecting and Segregating Black Tip-Damaged Wheat Kernels Using Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy . Cereal Chemistry. 92(4): 258-263.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM-09-14-0201-R.Single kernel ionomic profiles are highly heritable indicators of genetic and environmental influences on elemental accumulation in maize grain (Zea mays)

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Analysis of maize (Zea mays) kernel density and volume using micro-computed tomography and single-kernel near infrared spectroscopy

                                          
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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Gustin, J.L., Jackson, S., Williams, C., Patel, A., Armstrong, P.R., Peter, G.F., Settles, M.A. 2013. Analysis of maize (Zea mays) kernel density and volume using micro-computed tomography and single-kernel near infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 61:10872-10880.Development and evaluation of a near-infrared instrument for single-seed compositional measurement of wheat kernels

                                          
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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R. 2014. Development and evaluation of a near-infrared instrument for single-seed compositional measurement of wheat kernels. Cereal Chemistry. 91(1):23-28.Differences between conventional and glyphosate tolerant soybeans  and moisture effect in their discrimination by near infrared spectroscopy

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Agelet, L.E., Rippke, G.R., Armstrong, P.R., Tallada, J.G., Hurburgh, C.R. 2013. Differences between conventional and glyphosate tolerant soybeans  and moisture effect in their discrimination by near infrared spectroscopy. Food Chemistry. 141(3):1895-1901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.087.Ruggedness of 2D code printed on grain tracers for implementing a prospective grain traceability system to the bulk grain delivery system

                                          
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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Liang, K., Thomasson, J.A., Shen, M., Armstrong, P.R., Ge, Y., Lee, K.M., Herrman, T.J. 2013. Ruggedness of 2D code printed on grain tracers for grain traceability system. Food Control. 33:359-365.Ionomic screening of field-grown soybeans identifies mutants with altered seed elemental composition

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Ziegler, G., Terauchi, A.M., Becker, A., Armstrong, P.R., Hudson, K.A., Baxter, I.R. 2012. Ionomic screening of field-grown soybeans identifies mutants with altered seed elemental composition. The Plant Genome. 6(2):1-9.Measurement of single soybean seed attributes by near infrared technologies. A comparative study

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Agelet, L.E., Armstrong, P.R., Clariana, I.R., Hurburgh, C.R. 2012. Measurement of single soybean seed attributes by near infrared technologies. A comparative study. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 60(34):8314-8322. DOI: 10.1021/jf3012807.Prediction of kernel density of corn using single-kernel near infrared spectroscopy

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R., Tallada, J.G. 2012. Prediction of kernel density of corn using single-kernel near infrared spectroscopy. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 28(4):569-574.Development of equilibrium moisture relationships for storage moisture monitoring of corn

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R., Casada, M.E., Lawrence, J. 2012. Development of equilibrium moisture relationships for storage moisture monitoring of corn. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 28(5):677-683.Development of Single-Seed Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Predictions of Corn and Soybeans Constituents Using Bulk Teference Values and Mean Spectra

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R., Tallada, J.G., Hurburgh, C., Hildebrand, D.F., Specht, J.E. 2011. Development of Single-Seed Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Predictions of Corn and Soybeans Constituents Using Bulk Teference Values and Mean Spectra. Transactions of the ASABE. 54(4):1529-1535.Detection of fungus-infected corn kernels using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and color imaging

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Tallada, J.G., Wicklow, D.T., Pearson, T.C., Armstrong, P.R. 2011. Detection of fungus-infected corn kernels using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and color imaging. Transactions of the ASABE. 54(3): 1151-1158.Application of binomial and multinomial probability statistics to the sampling design process of a global grain tracing and recall system

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Lee, K., Armstrong, P.R., Thomasson, A., Sui, R., Casada, M., Herrman, T.J. 2011. Application of binomial and multinomial probability statistics to the sampling design process of a global grain tracing and recall system. Food Control. 22(7):1085-1094.Development and characterization of food-grade tracers for the global grain tracing and recall system

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Lee, K., Armstrong, P.R., Thomasson, A., Sui, R., Casada, M., Herrman, T.J. 2010. Development and characterization of food-grade tracers for the global grain tracing and recall system. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 58:10945-10957.  doi:10.1021/jf101370kPrediction of maize seed attributes using a rapid single kernel near infrared instrument

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Tallada, J.G., Palacios-Rojas, N., Armstrong, P.R. 2009. Prediction of maize seed attributes using a rapid single kernel near infrared instrument. Journal of Cereal Science. 50(3):381-387.Wheat moisture measurement with a fringing field capacitive sensor

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Casada, M., Armstrong, P.R. 2009. Wheat moisture measurement with a fringing field capacitive sensor. Transactions of the ASABE.  52(5):1785-1791High-Throughput Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Predicting Quantitative and Qualitative Composition Phenotypes of Individual Maize Kernels

                                       -
(Peer Reviewed Journal)Spielbauer, G., Armstrong, P.R., Baier, J., Allen, W.B., Richardson, K., Shen, B., Settles, M. 2009. High-Throughput Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Predicting Quantitative and Qualitative Composition Phenotypes of Individual Maize Kernels. Cereal Chemistry.  86(5):556-564.Simultaneous monitoring of stored grain with relative humidity, temperature, and carbon dioxide sensors

                                       -
(Peer Reviewed Journal)Gonzales, H., Armstrong, P.R., Maghirang, R.G. 2009. Simultaneous Monitoring of Stored Grain With Relative Humidity, Temperature, and Carbon Dioxide Sensors.  Applied Engineering in Agriculture.  25(4):595-604.The Effect of Moisture Content on Determining Corn Hardness from Grinding Time and Grinding Energy, and Hardness Prediction Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

                                       -
(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R., Lingenfelser, J., Mckinney, L. 2007. The Effect of Moisture Content on Determining Corn Hardness from Grinding Time and Grinding Energy, and Hardness Prediction Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Applied Engineering in Agriculture.  Vol. 23(6):793-799.Design and Testing of an Instrument to Measure Equilibrium Moisture Content of Grain

                                       -
(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R., Weiting, M. 2008.  Design and Testing of an Instrument to Measure Equilibrium Moisture Content of Grain. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 24(5):617-624.RAPID SINGLE-KERNEL NIR MEASUREMENT OF GRAIN AND OIL-SEED ATTRIBUTES

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R. 2006. Rapid single-kernel nir measurement of grain and oil-seed attributes. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. Vol. 22(5):767-772.Comparison of Dispersive and Fourier-Transform NIR Instruments for Measuring Grain and Flour Attributes.

                                       -
(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R., Maghirang, E.B., Xie, F., Dowell, F.E. 2006. Comparison of Dispersive and Fourier-Transform NIR Instruments for Measuring Grain and Flour Attributes.. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 22(3): 453-457.PREDICTION OF EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE BEHAVIOR FOR DIFFERENT WHEAT VARIETIES AND CLASSES

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(Peer Reviewed Journal)ACCURACY OF GRAIN MOISTURE CONTENT PREDICTION USING TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY SENSORS

                                       -
(Peer Reviewed Journal)Armstrong, P.R., Uddin, S., Zhang, N. 2006. Accuracy of grain moisture content prediction using temperature and relative humidity sensors. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 22(2): 267-273.HIGH THROUGHPUT GRAIN QUALITY ANALYSIS

                                       -
(Abstract Only)Dowell, F.E., Pearson, T.C., Armstrong, P.R. 2004. High throughput grain quality analysis. Meeting Abstract.


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