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ARS Home Pacific West Area Logan, Utah Poisonous Plant Research Docs





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- Poisonous Plants By Toxic Syndrome

**ISOPP 4** **Plant-Associated Toxins (1993)****Agricultural, Phytochemical & Ecological Apsects***Edited by*: Steven M. Colegate and Peter R. Dorling*Published by*: CAB International, 1994, 581 pages, ISBN 0-85198-909-8**Chapters/Sections**I.  Dedication Acceptance Address:Solving Poisonous Plant Problems by a Team Approach, page 1II.  Regional, Epidemiologic and Legal Issues:History of Plant Poisoning in Western Australia, page 7Poisonous Plants of Rio Grande do Sul, page 13Plant Toxicoses in North-western India, page 19Poisonous Plants from the Forests of Gujarat, India, page 25Epidemiological Aspects of Plant Poisoning in Camels *(Camelus dromeddarius)* in Kenya, page 31Poisonous Introduced versus Poisonous Indigenous Plants in Utah, USA, page 35Epidemiology and Ecology of Pimelea Poisoning in Queensland, page 40Ptaquiloside in Bracken Ferns (*Pteridium* Spp.) from Eastern Australia and from a Cultivated Collection of Bracken from World-wide Sources, page 45The Distribution of Annual Ryegrass Toxicity in Western Australia, page 51Prevalence of teh Causative Agent of Annual Ryegrass Toxicity in Areas Where the Disease is Endemic or Sporadic, page 57Phomopsin Content of Commercial Lupin Seed from Western Australia in 1991/2, page 62Seasonal Oxalate Concentrations of Six Plant Species in the Eastern Wheatbelt of Western Australia, page 66The Regulation of Poisonous Plant Residues in Australia, page 71Toxic Plant Residues in Meat, page 77Plant Toxicants in Milk, page 83The DELTA System: Its Application to Toxic Plants, page 89Computer-assisted Diagnosis of Plant Poisoning Using the PLANTOX Database, page 93PHYTOX: An Expert System to Aid Diagnosis of Plant Poisoning of Animals World-wide, page 95Poisonous Plant Diagnostics in California, page 101III.  Methods, Measurements and Mechanisms:Polyhydroxy Alkaloid Glycosidase Inhibitors from Poisonous Plants of Global Distribution: Analysis and Identification, page 107Quantitative Assay for the Indolizidine Alkaloid, Swainsonine in the Plant Genera *Swainsona*, *Astragalus* and *Oxytropis*, page 113Swainsonine Production by Root Cultures of *Swainsona galegifolia*, page 119Structure-Activity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-induced DNA Cross-linking, page 125Monocrotaline Pulmonary Toxicity: Mechanisms and Pathology, page 131Poisoning of Pigs and Poultry by Stock Feed Contaminated with Heliotrope Seed, page 137New Approaches to Studying the Fate of Corynetoxins in Whole Animals and their Products, page 143Liver UDP-GlcNAc:Dolichol Phosphate GlcNAc-1-Phosphate Transferase Activity as an Indicator of ARGT, page 149Quantitative Analysis of Phomopsins in *Phomopsis*-resistant and *Phomopsis*-susceptible Lupin Stubbles, page 155Production of Phomopsin A by a Potential Mycoherbicide, *Phomopsis emicis*, page 161Studies on DNA Adduct Formation by Ptaquiloside, the Carcinogen of Bracken Ferns (*Pteridium* Spp.), page 167Anagyrine and Ammodendrine Alkaloid Levels in the Blood of Cattle, Sheep and Goats Fed Teratogenic Lupin Species, page 173The Toxic Evaluation of Norditerpenoid Alkaloids in Three Tall Larkspur (*Delphinium*) Species, page 178Effect of Canavanine on Rumen Microbes *in Vitro*, page 184Influence of *Leucaena* Seed and Leaf Meal Diets on Young Chicks, page 189The Effects of Enzyme Treated and Untreated Lupins and Their Alkaloids on Poultry Gut Microflora, page 195The Effect of Gossypol on the Growth and Total Protein of Animal Cells in Culture, page 201IV.  Isolation and Characterization:New Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from *Senecio linifolius* and S. pterophorus DC, page 207Novel Structured Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from *Senecio chrysocoma*, page 212Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from *Trollius laxus*, page 217Mono- and Diester Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from *Senecio chrysocoma*, page 221Identification of a Cysteine-Glycine Metabolite of Monocrotaline, page 226Identification of Novel Phomopsins in Lupin Seed Extracts, page 232Toxic Analogues of Wedeloside and Carboxyatractyloside from Australian Plant Species, page 238The Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Toxicity of the Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic Principles in *Terminalia oblongata*, page 245The Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Toxicity of the Kaurene Glycosides Parquin and Carboxyparquin in *Cestrum parqui*, page 251Detection and Isolation of Neurotoxins from Yellow Star Thistle (*Centaurea solstitialis*), the Cause of Nigropallidal Encephalomalacia, page 257GC-MS Method for Analysis of Steroidal Sapogenins in Plant and Animal Samples Associated with Ovine Photosensitisation, page 263Identification of a Toxin Suspected of Causing Sudden Death in Livestock Grazing Phalaris Pastures, page 269Poison Sedges (*Schoenus* Spp.): Toxic Effects and Identification of the Toxic Principle, page 275V.  The Liver:The Role of the Liver in teh Detoxification of Poisonous Plants, page 281The Possible Role of Steroidal Saponins in the Pathogenesis of Geeldikkop, a Major Hepatogenous Photosensitisation of Small Stock in South Africa, page 287Alveld in Lambs in Norway, page 293The Clinicopathologic Changes of *Cynoglossum officinale* (Houndstongue) Intoxication in Horses, page 297Toxicity of *Crotalaria ochroleuca* Seeds in Mice, page 303Hepatotoxicosis in Cattle Induced by Consumption of Alfalfa-grass Hay, page 307Clinical and Preclinical Diagnostic Aids to Hepatic Plant Toxicosis in Horses, Sheep and Cattle, page 313Chronic Toxicity of Fumonisin in Pigs, page 319VI.  The Reproductive System and the Embryo:The Effects of Poisonous Plants on Embryonic and Fetal Development in Livestock, page 325Plant Steroidal Alkaloid Teratogens: Structure-Activity Relations and Implications, page 333Studies on the Abortification Principle of Ponderosa Pine Needles (*Pinus ponderosa* Laws), page 339Constituents of Broom Snakeweed (*Gutierrezia sarothrae*), an Abortification Rangeland Plant, page 345"Acorn" Calves and Retained Placentae Following Grazing on Sandplain Lupins (*Lupinus cosentinii*), page 351VII.  The Nervous System:Some Characteristics of Neurones Which Endow Vulnerability to Chemical Toxins, page 357Neuromycotoxicoses in Australia, page 363Correlation of Quantities of Ergovaline and Lolitrem B Toxins to Clinical Cases of Tall Fescue Toxicosis and Perennial Ryegrass Staggers, page 369Responses in Grazing Sheep to Toxins from Perennial Ryegrass/Endophyte Associations, page 375The Many Guises of Ergotism, page 381The Evidence Against the Existence of So-called Convulsive Ergotism in Ruminants, page 387Identification of Corynetoxins as the Cause of Poisoning Associated with Annual Beardgrass (*Polypogon monspeliensis* (L) Desf.) and Blown Grass (*Agrostis avenacea* C. Gemelin), page 393Tunicaminyluracil Toxicity, an Emerging Problem in Livestock Fed Grass or Cereal Products, page 399Pathogenesis of Corynetoxin Poisoning, page 405Corynetoxicosis of Livestock: A Nematode-Bacterium Disease Complex Associated with Different Grasses, page 410Selenium Poisoning in Cattle, page 416VIII.  Control, Prevention and Treatment of Poisoning:Vaccination Against Poisoning Diseases, page 421Field Evaluations of Vaccines Against Lupinosis, page 427Lupinosis Vaccine: Positive Relationship Between Anti-phomopsin IgG Concentration and Protection in Victorian Field Trials, page 433Opportunities for Biological Control of the Toxigenic *Anguina/Clavibacter* Association in Annual Ryegrass, page 439Metabolic Transformation of Corynetoxin and Tunicamycin by *Alternaria alternata*, page 445Detoxification of Annual Ryegrass Toxins by *Sphingobacterium multivorum*, page 451Fluoroacetate Metabolism by a Bacterium from *Dichapetalum braunii*, page 457Review of Ruminal Microbes Relative to Detoxification of Plant Toxins and Environmental Pollutants, page 462Control of Poisonous Plants in the Western United States, page 468Peer Pressure (Social Facilitation) Influences Livestock to Graze Toxic Plants, page 473Conditions of Livestock Poisoning and Management Strategies to Reduce Risks, page 478Why Do Most Cattle Survive Tall Larkspur Ingestion?, page 484Control of Duncecap Larkspur (*Delphinium occidentale* S. Wats) at Two Growth Stages with Various Herbicides, page 490Efforts to Improve Animal Tolerance of Ingested Snakeweed Foliage, page 495Locoweed Intoxication in Range Cattle and Sheep: Serum ?-Mannosidase Activity and Clinicopathologic Alterations, page 501Zinc, Molybdenum and Sulfur for Prevention of Facial Eczema in Sheep, page 507Selenium Metabolism in the Rumen, page 512IX.  Miscellaneous Topics:Benefits of Plant Phototoxins: Antiviral Properties, page 517The Clinico-toxicological Differentiation of *Phalaris* Spp. Toxicity Syndromes in Ruminants, page 523Gousiekte, an Important Plant-induced Cardiotoxicosis of Ruminants in Southern Africa Caused by Certain Members of the Rubiaceae, page 529Cardiac Manifestations o Oleander Poisoning in Cattle and Donkeys, page 534Treatment of Oleander Poisoning in Cattle and Donkeys, page 538Toxicity of Plant-derived Aliphatic Nitrotoxins, page 541Avocado (*Persea americana*) Poisoning in Ostriches, page 546The Toxicity of Avocado Leaves (*Persea americana*) for the Heart and Lactating Mammary Gland of the Mouse, page 552A Pasture-related Nephrotoxicosis of Cattle in Norway: Clinical Signs and Pathological Findings, page 557The Subchronic Toxicity of Roridin A in Sheep, page 561Weaner Illthrift of Cattle Grazing Signal Grass (*Brachiaria decumbens*) in Papua New Guinea, page 567


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