# Patent

## Title
System, method and program product for modeling fund movements

## Abstract

A method, system and program product, the method comprising accessing, databases, comprising: aggregated account information for FDIC accounts; client account information for each of the respective client accounts, wherein the client account represents funds of the respective client held in the one or more aggregated deposit accounts holding funds of the respective client, the client account information; capacity caps; and obtaining, high, second and lowest stratification balances held in respective depository institutions; calculating for depository institutions a respective total balance in the program; calculating respective excess capacities for respective depository institutions; modifying, parameters selected from the group of a number of client accounts, additional client account funds, a total number of the depository institutions participating in the program, and the capacity caps for one or more of the depository institutions.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority from U.S. provisional Application 61/546,730, filed Oct. 13, 2011. This application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.


FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to a system, method and program product for modeling fund movements, such as for sweep programs, and/or for predicting available capacity in a deposit system.
SUMMARY
In embodiments, a method, system and program product are disclosed, the method comprising: accessing, using one or more computers, one or more electronic databases, stored on one or more computer-readable media, comprising: (i) aggregated account information for a plurality of government backed-insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts held in a plurality of depository institutions in a program, wherein funds from a plurality client accounts are held in the aggregated deposit accounts in the depository institutions in the program, the aggregated account information for a respective one of the aggregated deposit accounts comprising a balance of funds held in the respective aggregated deposit account; and (ii) client account information for each of the respective client accounts, wherein the client account represents funds of the respective client held in the one or more aggregated deposit accounts holding funds of the respective client, the client account information comprising a respective balance of funds from the respective client account held in each of the one or more insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts holding funds of the respective client account; (iii) depository institution information for respective of the depository institutions in the program, the depository information for a respective one of the depository institutions comprising a capacity cap for funds held therein from the program. In embodiments, for each respective one of a plurality of depository institutions participating in the program performing the steps: obtaining, using the one or more computers, for a high stratification a current or an adjusted total high stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of high stratification client accounts, each of the high stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a highest range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a first number of depository institutions; obtaining, using the one or more computers, for a second stratification a current or an adjusted total second stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of second stratification client accounts, each of the second stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a second range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a second number of depository institutions, wherein the second range has a lower upper limit than the highest range; obtaining, using the one or more computers, for a lowest stratification a current or an adjusted total lowest stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of lowest stratification client accounts, each of the lowest stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a third range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a third number of depository institutions, wherein the lowest range has a lower upper limit than the second range. In embodiments, the further steps are performed of calculating or having calculated, using the one or more computers, for each of the respective depository institutions, a respective total balance in the program, based at least in part on the total high stratification balance, the total second stratification balance, and the total lowest stratification balance, held in the respective depository institution; calculating or having calculated, using the one or more computers, a respective excess capacity for each of the respective depository institutions based at least in part on a difference between the capacity cap for the respective depository institution and the total balance for the respective depository institution; and modifying, based at least in part on the respective excess capacities of the respective depository institutions, one or more of parameters selected from the group of a number of client accounts, additional client account funds, a total number of the depository institutions participating in the program, and the capacity caps for one or more of the depository institutions.
In embodiments, further steps may be performed of allocating, using the one or more computers, funds of each of the high stratification client accounts, the second stratification client accounts and the lowest stratification client accounts across one or more of the depository institutions to obtain government backed insurance for the funds; summing for each of the depository institutions, using the one or more computers, the funds of the high stratification client accounts allocated to the respective depository institution, to obtain the total high stratification balance for the respective depository institution; summing for each of the depository institutions, using the one or more computers, the funds of the second stratification client accounts allocated to the respective depository institution, to obtain the total second stratification balance for the respective depository institution; and summing for each of the depository institutions, using the one or more computers, the funds of the lowest stratification client accounts allocated to the respective depository institution, to obtain the total lowest stratification balance for the respective depository institution.
In embodiments, further steps may be performed of determining, using the one or more computers, a current respective percentage of the high stratification client accounts, a current respective percentage of the second stratification client accounts, and a current respective percentage of the lowest stratification client accounts, relative to a total number of client accounts managed by the program, and determining an average balance of client accounts for the high stratification client accounts, an average balance of client accounts for the second stratification client accounts, and an average balance of client accounts for the lowest stratification client accounts; and modifying, using the one or more computers, one or more of the respective percentage and/or the average balance of client accounts in one or more of the stratifications to determine a need to change capacity caps for one or more of the depository institutions, and/or a need to change a number of depository institutions in the program, and/or a government backed insurance limit for the program, so that a change in the percentage of the client accounts in one or more of the stratifications and/or a change in the average balance of client accounts in one or more of the stratifications will receive government-backed insurance.
In embodiments, further steps may be performed of determining, using the one or more computers, a current respective percentage of the high stratification client accounts, a current respective percentage of the second stratification client accounts, and a current respective percentage of the lowest stratification client accounts, relative to a total number of client accounts in the program; determining an average balance of client accounts for the high stratification client accounts, an average balance of client accounts for the second stratification client accounts, and an average balance of client accounts for the lowest stratification client accounts; and calculating a projected new total balance of funds managed by the program for a given number of new client accounts to be added, based at least in part on the given number of new client accounts, the current number of client accounts, the percentage of the high stratification client accounts and the average balance for the high stratification client accounts, the percentage of the second stratification client accounts and the average balance for the second stratification client accounts, and the percentage of the lowest stratification client accounts and the average balance for the lowest stratification client accounts.
In embodiments, further steps may be performed of modifying one of the current respective percentages of the client accounts in the stratifications or the average balance of the client accounts in one or more of the stratifications; computing the other of the one or more of the stratifications or the average balance of client accounts in the respective stratifications using algorithms embedded in a first spreadsheet; and computing the excess capacity for respective ones of the depository institutions using algorithms embedded in a second spreadsheet.
In embodiments, further steps may be performed of revising one or more selected from the group of capacity cap, insurance limit for the program, and number of depository institutions participating in the program, based at least in part on the determining step; and calculating an allocation of funds, using the one or more computers, among the government backed insured, interest bearing aggregated deposit accounts of the depository institutions, based at least in part on the capacity cap, insurance limit for the program, and number of depository institutions participating in the program.
In embodiments, further steps may be performed of allocating, using the one or more computers, amounts of funds from multiple of the client accounts among multiple of the recipient depository institutions, so that a respective balance of funds allocated to each of the aggregated deposit accounts of the depository institutions substantially matches a sum of the respective balances of funds from the multiple of the respective client accounts allocated to this respective aggregated deposit account; and updating, using the one or more computers, one or more of electronic databases to update the respective balances of client account funds held in one or more of the recipient depository institutions in one or more aggregated deposit accounts therein based on the allocations.
In embodiments, further steps may be performed of generating and making accessible, using the one or more computers, transfer data based at least in part on the allocations.
In embodiments, further steps may be performed of generating data for a table, using the one or more computers, that lists for each of a plurality of the stratifications, an upper limit for the respective stratification, a lower limit for the respective stratification, a number of clients in the respective stratification, an average total balance of funds in the stratification, a percentage of a total balance managed by the program that is represented by the average total balance of funds in the respective stratification; and generating and providing or making accessible display data, using the one or more computers, based at least in part on the data in the table.
In embodiments, further steps may be performed of generating data for a table, using the one or more computers, that lists for each of the depository institutions participating in the program, the capacity cap, a measure derived from the total high stratification balance, a measure derived from the total second stratification balance, a measure derived from the total lowest stratification balance, a measure of the respective total balance in the program for the respective depository institution, and the excess capacity for the respective depository institution; and generating and providing or making accessible display data, using the one or more computers, based at least in part on the data in the table. In embodiments, the measure may be an average. In embodiments, measure may be the current total stratification balance for the respective stratification.
In embodiments, machine-executable instructions/programming code implementing algorithms embedded in Excel or other spreadsheets to generate tables.
In embodiments, system, is disclosed comprising: one or more computers configured to perform the following steps: accessing, using one or more computers, one or more electronic databases, stored on one or more computer-readable media, comprising: (i) aggregated account information for a plurality of government backed-insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts held in a plurality of depository institutions in a program, wherein funds from a plurality client accounts are held in the aggregated deposit accounts in the depository institutions in the program, the aggregated account information for a respective one of the aggregated deposit accounts comprising a balance of funds held in the respective aggregated deposit account; (ii) client account information for each of the respective client accounts, wherein the client account represents funds of the respective client held in the one or more aggregated deposit accounts holding funds of the respective client, the client account information comprising a respective balance of funds from the respective client account held in each of the one or more insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts holding funds of the respective client account; (iii) depository institution information for respective of the depository institutions in the program, the depository information for a respective one of the depository institutions comprising a capacity cap for funds held therein from the program. In embodiments, for each respective one of a plurality of depository institutions participating in the program, performing the steps: obtaining, using the one or more computers, for a high stratification a current or an adjusted total high stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of high stratification client accounts, each of the high stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a highest range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a first number of depository institutions; obtaining, using the one or more computers, for a second stratification a current or an adjusted total second stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of second stratification client accounts, each of the second stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a second range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a second number of depository institutions, wherein the second range has a lower upper limit than the highest range; and obtaining, using the one or more computers, for a lowest stratification a current or an adjusted total lowest stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of lowest stratification client accounts, each of the lowest stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a third range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a third number of depository institutions, wherein the lowest range has a lower upper limit than the second range. In embodiments, the further steps may be performed of calculating or having calculated, using the one or more computers, for each of the respective depository institutions, a respective total balance in the program, based at least in part on the total high stratification balance, the total second stratification balance, and the total lowest stratification balance, held in the respective depository institution; calculating or having calculated, using the one or more computers, a respective excess capacity for each of the respective depository institutions based at least in part on a difference between the capacity cap for the respective depository institution and the total balance for the respective depository institution; and modifying, based at least in part on the respective excess capacities of the respective depository institutions, one or more of parameters selected from the group of a number of client accounts, additional client account funds, a total number of the depository institutions participating in the program, and the capacity caps for one or more of the depository institutions.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and related objects, features and advantages of the present invention, will be more fully understood by reference to the following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, when taken in conjunction with the following exemplary figures, wherein:
FIG. 1A is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary system in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 1B is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary system in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 1C is a schematic flow chart of an exemplary method in accordance with embodiments of the invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary system in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an exemplary method in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary system in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
FIGS. 5A and 5B comprise an Excel spreadsheet modeling chart in accordance with embodiments of the invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In embodiments, an allocation modeling tool is disclosed which allows a provider of deposit sweep and fund transfer services to predict program capacity based on different actual and/or hypothetical scenarios.
In embodiments, the allocation tool uses as an input the recipient depository institution information and client information to perform modeling.
In a typical deposit sweep system, one or more financial entities FE may participate in a program, which comprises source institutions and recipient depository institutions. In embodiments, there may also be intermediate institutions. FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C illustrate exemplary embodiments of various kinds of deposit sweep programs. As discussed below, some financial institutions may play one or more roles, or multiple financial institutions may play the same role.
Source institutions may, by way of example, be banks, credit unions, registered investment advisors, broker dealers, asset managers, and other types of financial institutions, to name a few. Typically, the source institutions are the institutions that interact with the clients that are placing or authorizing the respective clients' funds to go into and/or be managed by the deposit management system. Note that a source institution may comprises a clearing institution for other source institutions, an investment advisors, and/or an intermediary for other source institutions. These terms will be discussed below.
Recipient depository institutions may be typically banks or other types of deposit institutions whose accounts are backed by some form of insurance, such as government-backed insurance, like Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance in the case of banks, or the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund (NCUSIF) in the case of credit unions. However, note that in embodiments some recipient depository institutions may hold financial instruments that are not insured.
One or more intermediary institutions may be used to facilitate the movement of funds between the source institution(s) and the recipient depository institution(s), and/or to perform various recordkeeping functions. Such intermediaries may perform record keeping and/or fund transfer functions, and may include a bank or clearance bank through which fund transfers may be facilitated, a clearing firm, an administrator that performs recordkeeping functions and/or provides data to facilitate fund transfers, and/or other entities that perform fund transfer or recordkeeping functions. Note that one or multiple entities may fulfill a single function or role and/or multiple functions or roles.
With respect to some types of source institutions, the source institution itself may clear its own client accounts or it may use another entity to clear its client accounts. If a source institution is a clearing entity, it may provide clearing services to other source institutions, such as broker-dealers, banks, financial advisors, to name a few. Such entities for which clearing services are performed by another entity are sometimes referred to as “correspondents.” Under some guidelines, when a clearing entity is used to clear funds for one or more correspondents, the funds of the clearing entity and the one or more correspondents may be held together in an aggregated account such as an interest-bearing aggregated money market deposit account or an aggregated demand deposit account. In embodiments, the funds from each different correspondent may be segregated in a separate aggregated account.
In some deposit sweep systems, one entity may play the role of one or more of the above. For example, a source institution, such as a bank, may also be a recipient depository institution. Similarly, a source institution, like a broker-dealer, or a bank, may be affiliated with one or more of the recipient depository institutions. In embodiments, there may be no affiliation between the institutions, or an affiliation between only some of the institutions.
Further, an administrator for the system may also be either a source institution, a recipient depository institution, a clearance bank, or another entity participating in deposit sweep functions. Further, in embodiments one entity may play part of one role and another part of another role. For example, when a bank is an intermediary it may be used to facilitate the transfer of funds. But it also may be a source and/or a recipient depository institution. Such a bank, may or may not use a separate record keeper.
Likewise, a particular program may have one source institution or multiple source institutions. Similarly, a particular program may have one recipient depository institution or multiple recipient depository institutions.
A “program” comprises a deposit arrangement to make available government-backed insurance through one or more aggregated accounts, wherein such program may provide government-backed insurance in an amount greater than an insurance limit for funds held in a single depository institution, through the use of a plurality of government backed insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts, with the aggregated deposit accounts in different program depository institutions. Each program may include one or more insured deposit products, with one or more of the programs having different attributes, such as different insurance levels, different tier options and rates paid, and services, to name a few. In embodiments, the rates paid may be determined by such factors as the balance in the client's insured account, or may be determined by the total value of the client's brokerage account, or may be determined by the total value of a group of accounts for a particular household together, or may be determined by relationship pricing based on the number of products a client uses though a source institution (SI) or affiliated source institutions, to name a few. Each source institution may have a plurality of client accounts, S.C.A.'s, that invest in particular products that make up part of a particular program. The client accounts, S.C.A., C1, C2, C3, Cm, may be for individuals or corporations or government entities, or any other form of entity. Thus, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 1C, a source institution may manage or participate in a number of programs PROGRAM SI1-1, PROGRAM SI1-2, . . . PROGRAM SI1-p, where each client account, S.C.A., of the source institution S11 invests in at least one of the products under at least one of the programs PROGRAM SI1-1-PROGRAM SI1-p. Examples of different kinds of programs that may be offered, include a program with cash management services, a program for high net worth individuals with a higher minimum balance requirement, a program paying a lower rate and offering more services, a no frills program with a higher rate and no services where for a fee, the client may get other services, to name a few. Note that in embodiments, a program may also manage some client funds that are held in investment instruments that are not government-backed insured instruments.
Each source institution may have one or more programs of its own, and/or may participate in one or more programs of other institutions. Each client may participate in one or more programs from a single source institution, or may participate in several different programs.
The present invention may be used in the context of these exemplary or other fund movement systems.
In the description to follow, the term “client account” refers to an account associated with client funds, such as, for example, consisting of funds of the client designated or determined for management by the deposit management system, to be described.
Referring to FIG. 1A, the present invention generally relates to a system, method and/or program product for processing one or more deposit sweep or other fund transfer programs wherein a deposit management system 160 receives/sweeps funds from some source institutions 100, 110, and deposits funds back to one or more other source institutions 140-150, e.g., financial institutions, such as banks, and allocates funds among recipient depository institutions. In embodiments. some of these financial entities (100, 110) may operate as only source institutions, some of these financial entities may operate as only recipient depository institutions (130), and some of these financial entities may operate as both source institutions and recipient depository institutions (140, 150). Embodiments of this invention may have application to financial institutions that operate as both source institutions and also operate as recipient depository institutions, or operate only as recipient depository institutions and hold one or more government-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts. In embodiments, the funds may be deposited to and redeemed from one or more government-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts held in these financial institutions. In embodiments, a portion of the client account funds may also be deposited in other investment vehicles held in or directed by another respective recipient depository institution. Although embodiments of the present invention apply to operations with respect to financial institutions that operate as recipient depository institutions and hold one or more of government backed insured and interest bearing aggregated accounts, other source-only institutions 100 and 110, such as broker-dealers, financial advisors, intermediaries and/or other financial institutions, may also be part of the system 160, and may supply funds to be used in the process.
The deposit management system 160, comprises one or more computers, which may be configured to perform one or more of the following tasks:
(a) obtaining information regarding transactions applied to client accounts at source institutions 100, 110, 140-150, in a particular time period, such as over a particular time range, such as a range of hours, a day, a week, a month or the like. Such information may be in the form of detailed individual transactions, summary transactions or combinations thereof. Transactions may include sweeps, checks, transfers to cover transactions, e.g., securities transactions or margin accounts, debit card transactions, credit card transactions, on-line bill paying transactions, touch tone bill paying data, ACH transactions, wire transactions, to name a few. In embodiments, such information may be obtained directly by processing one or more transactions, or indirectly by other means. In embodiments, such information may be received electronically in the form of a sweep file or other data transmission which may contain either detailed or summary information for each client account which has activity in a given time period. In embodiments, such information may be received in person, over the telephone, by fax or other distribution means, and entered by keying or scanning such information. One or more items of information may be obtained by one or more of these exemplary methods.
(b) obtaining net transfer information associated with the movement of funds from and/or to source institutions, clearance institutions and/or recipient depository institutions. Such net transfer information may be received electronically either in connection with a sweep file or data transmission, and/or separately, and/or received in person, and/or over the telephone, by fax or other distribution means and entered by keying or scanning such information, and/or by calculating or by verifying the net transfer information by the deposit management system 160. The net transfer information may reflect one net transfer per institution, and/or multiple net transfers reflecting each separate transfer to be conducted between institutions. For example, a net transfer could reflect a single net transfer between a source institution and a clearance institution to reflect transactions occurring during a particular time period, such as a range of hours, a day, a week, a month or the like. A net transfer could also or alternatively reflect a plurality of net transfers between a clearance institution and different recipient depository institutions associated with a particular transfer of funds relating to transactions occurring during one or more particular time periods.
(c) obtaining first allocation information associated with the allocation of funds among various recipient depository institutions. The allocation information may be received electronically either in connection with a sweep file or data transmission and/or separately, received in person, over the telephone, by fax or other distribution means and entered by keying or scanning such information, and/or may be calculated and/or may be verified by the deposit management system 160. The allocation information may be calculated based at least in part on one or more criteria. Examples of such criteria are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 7,509,286, U.S. Pat. No. 7,752,107, and U.S. application Ser. No. 12/638,544, filed on Dec. 15, 2009, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. The allocation information may be used in generating the net transfer information to and/or from recipient depository institutions.
(d) generating recommended and/or actual withdrawal/transfer amount(s) and/or instructions and/or deposit/transfer amount(s) and/or instructions to and/or from source institutions and/or recipient institutions. In embodiments, the system may generate recommended and/or actual instructions to be carried out by source institutions, agents of source institutions, intermediaries and/or others. In embodiments, intermediaries may up-load or otherwise provide instructions to be approved, executed and/or performed by others.
(e) obtaining allocation information regarding funds held in particular aggregated deposit accounts at recipient depository institutions associated with particular client accounts. In embodiments, the allocation information may be calculated based at least in part on one or more criteria. Note that the order of the foregoing steps is not limiting on the invention.
As noted, each of a plurality of these source institutions that are also recipient depository institutions 130-150n in the deposit sweep management system 160 holds one or more interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts 136, 146 and 156 (for example, an aggregated money market deposit account, e.g., MMDA), for holding funds associated with a plurality of clients accounts in the program. In embodiments, these aggregated deposit accounts may be insured, for example with government-backed insurance, such as Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance in the case of, e.g., a bank, or National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund (NCUSIF) insurance in the case of, e.g., a credit union, to name a few. Note that in embodiments, some of the funds managed by the program may be held in other investment vehicles, such as one or more money funds, or one or more aggregated investment vehicles that are not insured.
In some embodiments, one or more, of the recipient depository institutions with the interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts 136, 146, 156, may also hold an optional transaction account 134, 144, 154, such as a demand deposit account (DDA) or a NOW account, for facilitating withdrawals from the interest-bearing aggregated deposit account 136, 146, 156, in the respective recipient depository institutions.
In an exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1A, information for a plurality of client accounts (107A, 107B, . . . 107N) associated with a source institution 100 is held in one or more databases, with each of a plurality of the respective client accounts held on behalf of different clients and comprising client funds managed by a program. In embodiments, the deposit management system 160 may maintain or have maintained electronic records corresponding to client accounts (107A, 107B, . . . 107N) in the one or more databases. In embodiments, a respective source institution 100 may have one or more control operating accounts. In embodiments, the control operating account 105 may be at the respective source institution 100. Alternatively or in addition, in embodiments, the control operating account for the source institution 100 may be at another financial institution, such as a clearance account 125 held in a clearance bank 120. In embodiments, funds may flow in and out of the client accounts (107A, 107B, . . . 107N), directly and/or via the control operating account 105 and/or via control operating account 125. Alternatively, in embodiments, the funds in one or more of the client accounts may flow directly between institutions without an internal and/or an external control operating account. In embodiments, fund flows may be via a combination of one or more control operating accounts and also directly between institutions without using an external control operating account. Note that this description may apply to all of the source institutions, including the source institutions 140-150n that are also recipient depository institutions.
FIG. 1B illustrates another exemplary embodiment of the overall system in a hub and spoke context, for ease of explanation. At the center or hub is the deposit management system 160, and a control operating account 125. The deposit management system 160 and control operating account 125 may be at the same or different institutions, consistent with the present invention. The source institutions 100 and 110 are illustrated as spokes, with each source institution comprising client accounts, as reflected in FIG. 1A. One or more of the source institutions may optionally also include a control operating account associated therewith in embodiments. The control operating account associated with the respective source institution may be at the respective source institution, or at another institution affiliated with the source institution, or at a different institution entirely. A source institution may also be the same as or affiliated with one or more institutions associated with the deposit management system 160, the control operating account 125, or a recordkeeper for the system.
Institutions 130, 140, and 150 are illustrated as yet other spokes in the figure. Financial institution 130 operates as a recipient depository institution comprising an MMDA 136 and an optional aggregated transaction account 134. Financial institutions 140-150 operate as source institutions in some fund transfers, and recipient depository institutions in other fund transfers. Institution 140 comprises multiple client accounts 142, as well as an optional aggregated transaction account 144, and an MMDA 146. Likewise, institution 150 comprises multiple client accounts 152, as well as an optional aggregated transaction account 154, and an MMDA 156. In embodiments, the deposit management system 160 may keep electronic records associated with the multiple client accounts 142, 152, and the like, or may access such records.
Other forms of deposit sweep systems may also be used with the present invention.
As an illustrative operation, a source institution may generate or receive fund transfer data. Note that how and where this data is generated is not limiting on the invention. For example, the fund transfer data may be generated by respective source institutions, and/or by the deposit management system 160 as part of a reallocation of funds among recipient depository institutions. See the discussion of examples of the fund transfer data obtained by the deposit management system 160, above.
Fund transfer data may comprise or may be based at least in part on data, such as one or more sweep reports, or one or more payment entity reports, or fund reallocation data, or client communications, and may be received electronically either in connection with a sweep file or data transmission and/or separately, and/or may be received in person, and/or over the telephone, by fax or other distribution means and entered by keying or scanning such information, and/or may be calculated or verified by the deposit management system 160. For example, the fund transfer data may represent information about respective client funds to be transferred out of the deposit management system or to be transferred to recipient depository institutions in the deposit management system. In embodiments, this information may comprise a net for each client account, of client transactions crediting/transferring funds to, and/or debiting/transferring funds from, the respective client account, determined over a period of time. In embodiments, the transfer amount may be verified, such as using the one or more computers of the deposit management system 160. Note that the amount of funds swept from a client account may or may not match the transaction amounts. For example, the sweep amount may comprise some amount above a threshold amount.
In embodiments, the one or more computers of the deposit management system 160 may be configured with programming code to select one or more of the recipient depository institutions, e.g., banks 130-150n, in the deposit management system 160, for deposits/transfers and/or withdrawal/transfers, based at least in part on the fund transfer data and on one or more parameters. In embodiments, the allocation may be based, at least in part, on the fact that a given recipient depository institution has contributed source funds to the deposit management system (when operating as a source institution). In embodiments, the allocation may be based, at least in part, on an amount of source funds contributed by the given prospective recipient depository institution (when operating as a source institution from its client accounts and/or other of its source institution funds), to interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts or other accounts associated with the program. In embodiments, such reciprocity may be one-to-one. In embodiments, such reciprocity may be based at least in part on something other than one-to-one, and may be determined using an algorithm, or other means of determining the amount. In embodiments, the algorithm may be implemented electronically. In embodiments, it may be manually applied. Also, the reciprocity may only be applied for funds of a given set of client accounts, or for a given type of client accounts, such as accounts with municipal or other governmental funds. Also, the reciprocity may be applied only for selected source and/or recipient depository institutions. Examples of such arrangements are taught, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,536,350, and application Ser. No. 11/641,046, filed Dec. 19, 2006, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
Another parameter that may be used to select one or more recipient depository institutions and to determine and allocate deposit/transfer amounts and/or withdrawal/transfer amounts, may be an amount of funds of a given client account already held in the particular recipient depository institution in the management system relative to a deposit limit associated with available insurance protection, such as a government-backed insurance like FDIC insurance or NCUSIF insurance, to name a few, or some other deposit limit set either by the program, the program participant, or otherwise, or relative to one or more client or source institution or intermediary institution selected parameters relating to an amount or a percentage of funds from that client account that may be held by a given recipient depository institution in the management system. Examples of such parameters are discussed for example in U.S. Pat. No. 7,672,886; U.S. Pat. No. 7,680,734; U.S. Pat. No. 7,752,107; U.S. Pat. No. 7,668,771; U.S. Pat. No. 7,752,129; U.S. Pat. No. 7,519,551; U.S. Pat. No. 7,680,734; U.S. Pat. No. 7,769,688; U.S. Pat. No. 7,809,640; U.S. Pat. No. 7,668,771; U.S. Pat. No. 7,672,901; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,150,766, each of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
In embodiments, the deposit management system 160 may generate and/or send an electronic message or other communication to be received or accessed by the one or more recipient depository institutions, with the information about a prospective deposit/transfer or withdrawal/transfer, allocated to the respective recipient depository institution. This information may comprise the amount of the prospective deposit/transfer or withdrawal/transfer allocated to the respective recipient depository institution. In embodiments, this message may be generated and transmitted in person, by messenger, over the telephone, or by electronic communication either directly or indirectly.
In embodiments, the deposit management system 160 may generate and/or transmit transfer data directly and/or in conjunction with other agents to provide instructions to transfer funds to or from an insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit account in one or more of the recipient depository institutions. Note that the transfer data may be sent directly by wire or other means to the recipient depository institution or may be sent by messenger or other method (to be discussed below) permitted by the banking regulations that does not count against the 6 withdrawal limit per month currently set forth in the banking regulations, or may be sent to the relevant source institution for subsequent communication to the respective recipient depository institution.
In embodiments, transfer data generated by or for the deposit management system 160 for the insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit account or other account holding funds may be communicated either directly or indirectly to the recipient institutions. In embodiments, the transfer data may be for presentation in a manner that does not count against the six transfer limit per month imposed by Federal regulations on interest bearing accounts, e.g., either in person, or by mail, or by messenger, or by telephone and distributed by mail, or by automated teller machine, or a combination thereof, so that the insured and interest-bearing status of the aggregated deposit accounts may be preserved. This manner of making embodiment may be implemented by ensuring that no more than some predetermined number of withdrawals are made using a method that implicates the 6 withdrawal limit and that all other withdrawals from that account during the month are made in a manner that does not count against the six transfer limit per month. In embodiments, the instructions may be generated electronically, and communicated in some convenient way to a messenger service, followed by a subsequent messenger delivery to the recipient depository institution. Note that in embodiments, the fund transfer data may be communicated by the deposit management system 160 to the respective source institution for provision to the messenger service.
In embodiments, in the event that the messenger does not timely deliver the MMDA withdrawal instructions, the respective recipient depository institution may use one of the 6 electronic withdrawals during the month (or other prescribed period), as permitted in the Banking Regulations. In embodiments, during a statement period, if there are 6 or less days in the statement cycle, a messenger may be unnecessary for any remaining withdrawals during that cycle, as taught by application Ser. No. 12/974,973, filed on Dec. 21, 2010, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
In embodiments, client account amounts are reallocated/reshuffled among the recipient depository institutions in the one or more databases to substantially match the one or more fund transfers and reflect the transfers to and/or from the one or more of the recipient depository institutions.
In embodiments, one or more programs may establish or have established or require establishment of an interest-bearing government-backed (e.g., FDIC, NCUSIF, etc.) insured aggregated deposit account, such as an aggregated money market deposit account (MMDA) at one or more depository institutions. In embodiments, one or more programs may optionally also establish or have established or require establishment of a like-titled (titled to the same entity as the interest-bearing aggregated deposit account) aggregated transaction account, such as a DDA, or NOW account, at each of one or more of the recipient depository institutions. The deposit management system may keep track of data related to such aggregated deposit accounts.
FIG. 2 illustrates exemplary embodiments, which comprise one or more electronic databases 200 and one or more computers 210.
In embodiments, the one or more electronic databases 200, stored on one or more computer-readable media, comprise: aggregated account information for a plurality of government-backed insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts held in a plurality of recipient depository institutions participating in a program, and also client account information.
The aggregated account information may comprise, in embodiments, information on a balance of funds in the respective aggregated deposit account, and/or identification information for the respective depository institution holding the aggregated deposit account, and/or source institution information (as described below) for the funds held by the aggregated deposit account, to name a few. In embodiments, each of multiple of the depository institutions in the deposit management system holds at least one of the government-backed insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts, wherein funds from a plurality of client accounts are aggregated with funds of other client accounts in the aggregated deposit accounts.
As noted, in embodiments, the aggregated account information for each of a plurality of the recipient depository institutions that are source institutions, may further comprise a balance of source funds from the respective recipient depository institution, where the source funds comprise funds where the respective recipient depository institution is a source of the funds into the deposit management program. In embodiments, the source funds comprise funds of the respective institution held in one or more of the aggregated deposit accounts in the other recipient depository institutions in the program, and/or may be held in other investment vehicle accounts managed by the deposit management system 160 for a given program.
In embodiments, the client account information in the one or more databases may comprise, for each of a plurality of the respective client accounts, one or more or all of: (a) a respective balance in the respective client account; (b) deposit/transfer and/or withdrawal/transfer data for the respective client account, which may include individual credit and debit data and/or nets of such credit and debit data for the client account, as previously described; and (c) a respective balance of funds from the respective client account held in each of one or more banks or other recipient depository institutions in the interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts holding funds of the respective client account. In embodiments, the client account represents funds of a client held in one or more of the interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts held by the depository institutions in the program and any other investment vehicle accounts managed by the program.
In embodiments, the one or more computers 210 for the deposit management system may be operatively connected/accessible to computer-readable program code stored in memory, and may be capable of executing program code uploaded therefrom to configure the one or more computers into one or more special-purpose machines. The code, in embodiments, may be comprised of programming modules or other software forms that implement functional components in the one or more computers. These modules or other software forms may be stored separately or in combination.
The one or more computers 210 may be configured, in embodiments, with program code to form an obtaining component 220. The obtaining component, in embodiments, may optionally obtain client account information for each of multiple of the client accounts, where the client account information comprises credit information and/or debit information applied to or against a respective client account for one or more sub periods of time and/or other transfer information. The obtaining component 220 obtains a respective net transfer amount for the one or more sub-periods of time for each of one or more of the respective source institutions.
As noted, the client account information for each of multiple of the client accounts may in embodiments, comprise information regarding transactions applied to client accounts at source institutions 100, 110, 140-150, such as over a particular time period, such as a range of hours, days, weeks, month or the like. Such information may be in the form of detailed individual transactions, summary transactions (e.g., nets) or combinations thereof. Transactions may include sweeps, checks, transfers to cover, e.g., securities transactions or margin accounts, debit card transactions, credit card transactions, on-line bill paying transactions, touch tone bill paying data, ACH transactions, wire transactions, to name a few. In embodiments, such information may be obtained directly by processing one or more transactions, or indirectly by other means. In embodiments, such information may be received electronically in the form of a sweep file or data transmission which may comprise either detailed or summary information for each client account which has activity in the given time period. In embodiments, such information may be received in person, over the telephone, by fax or other distribution means, and entered by keying or scanning or other means of entry of such information. One or more items of information may be obtained by one or more of these exemplary methods. The other transfer information may comprise information generated by the deposit management system 160 or another entity as part of a fund reallocation, or may be generated by another entity, and may comprise depository institution opt-in or opt-outs, depository institution minimum caps and/or maximum caps, depository institution target balances, the addition or deletion of depository institutions based on various parameters, to name a few.
In embodiments, the obtaining component 220, may be configured to perform a netting operation to calculate the respective net transfer amount for one or more sub-periods of time for one or more of the respective source institutions. Note that in embodiments the net transfer amount may be received for other of the source institutions.
In embodiments, the obtaining component 220 may comprise a communication component, configured on one or more computers, for receiving electronically, via one or more electronic networks, the information on the respective one or more net fund withdrawal/transfer amounts and/or one or more net fund deposit/transfer amounts, to be transferred to or from one or more recipient depository institutions, to or from one or more source institutions, and/or directly to credit card or other payment entities.
The one or more computers 210 for the deposit management system may be further configured with program code to comprise a selection engine 230 for selecting at least one aggregated deposit account in one or more of the depository institutions to which to deposit/transfer or to withdraw/transfer funds to or from their respective one or more aggregated deposit accounts.
In embodiments, the selection engine 230 may perform the selection and allocation based at least in part on the fact of, and/or an amount of funds that the prospective recipient depository institution, when operating as a source institution, has provided to the program to be held in aggregated deposit accounts of other recipient depository institutions in the program. In embodiments, the selection engine 230 may perform the selection based at least in part on this source amount of the respective financial institution relative to amounts sourced to the program from other prospective recipient depository institutions, and/or relative to one or more threshold amounts. In embodiments, an operation is performed of comparing an updated amount of source funds of the prospective recipient depository institution (when operating as a source institution) to the updated source fund amounts of other prospective recipient depository institutions (when operating as source institutions). One or more other parameters may also be used in selecting the one or more recipient depository institutions, such as an amount of funds already held in the prospective recipient depository institution by one or more of the client accounts, based at least in part on such considerations as insurance limits, and/or client designated amounts, and/or percentages to be held in a given recipient depository institution. Another parameter may comprise complying with a respective minimum cap and/or a respective maximum cap associated in the one or more databases with a respective depository institution. Another parameter may comprise complying with a respective target balance associated in the one or more databases with a respective depository institution.
The one or more computers 210 for the deposit management system may be further configured, in embodiments, with program code for a transfer data generator 240 for generating recommended and/or actual withdrawal/transfer amount(s) and/or instructions and/or deposit/transfer amount(s) and/or instructions, to and/or from source institutions and/or recipient depository institutions. In embodiments, the system may generate recommended and/or actual instructions to be carried out by source institutions, agents of source institutions, intermediaries and/or others. In embodiments, intermediaries may up-load or provide instructions to be approved, executed and/or performed by others.
The one or more computers 210 for the deposit management system may be further configured, in embodiments, with program code to comprise an allocation and update component 250, for allocating, using the one or more computers, amounts of funds from multiple of the client accounts among multiple of the recipient depository institutions, so that the respective balance of funds for the one or more sub periods of time in each of the aggregated deposit accounts of the depository institutions, after taking into consideration the fund transfer amounts for the one or more sub periods of time, will substantially match a sum of the respective balances of funds from the multiple of the respective client accounts allocated to this respective aggregated deposit account. In embodiments, the allocation information may be calculated based at least in part on one or more criteria. The component 250 may also perform book transfers of ownership interests, and update the one or more of the electronic databases with allocation information regarding funds of particular client accounts held in particular aggregated accounts at recipient institutions. In embodiments, a record keeper may perform such allocations and/or allocation calculations in accordance with one or more parameters.
A system bus 260 may further be provided to facilitate electronic data communication among the components.
As noted above, an allocation modeling tool is disclosed which allows a program manager and/or a provider of deposit sweep services to predict program capacity based on different actual and/or hypothetical scenarios. In embodiments, the allocation tool uses as an input the recipient depository institution information and client information.
In embodiments, depository institution information comprises: (i) information used to identify the respective institution (such as a name and identification number, as well as program information where multiple programs are being modeled), and (ii) capacity information (such as a maximum deposit cap or target deposit cap) for each respective institution.







TABLE I







WITH EXEMPLARY DEPOSITORY 


INSTITUTION INFORMATION









BANK_ID
BANK_NAME
MAX_CAP












1 
BANK 1
$22,000,000.00


2 
BANK 2
$10,000,000.00


3 
BANK 3
  $250,000.00


4
BANK 4
 $8,000,000.00


5
BANK 5
$17,000,000.00


6
BANK 6
$10,000,000.00


7 
BANK 7
$12,000,000.00


8 
BANK 8
 $1,000,000.00


9
BANK 9
 $2,000,000.00


10 
BANK 10
$10,000,000.00


11
BANK 11
 $1,500,000.00


12 
BANK 12
   $800,000.00


13 
BANK 13
  $700,000.00


14 
BANK 14
  $500,000.00


15
BANK 15
 $1,000,000.00


16 
BANK 16
 $1,000,000.00


17 
BANK 17
 $1,000,000.00









In embodiments, client information comprises for each client in the program (or programs) being modeled: (i) source institution information (e.g., the name or other identification information identifying the source institution associated with the respective client); (ii) client identification information (e.g., such as tax identification number (“TIN”) and/or account number); (iii) balance information (e.g., the total amount of assets on deposit in the program). In certain embodiments, it may be preferable to use TIN instead of account numbers to lower the risk of uninsured deposits, when the same client has multiple accounts in a program. Other forms of identification like account number may be used consistent with the letter and spirit of the invention.







TABLE II







WITH EXEMPLARY CLIENT DATA









BANK
Client TIN
BALANCE





B 1
01-0000001 
  $1,00000.00


B 1
01-0000002 
  $400,000.00


B 1
01-0000003
$1,000,000.00


B 1
01-0000004 
  $900,000.00


B 1
01-0000005
$1,900,000.00









In the allocation modeling tool, actual or hypothetical depository institution information and client information may be used to generate the model. For purposes of the analysis an actual and/or hypothetical program will be specified including such parameters as the amount of insurance to be provided by the program (e.g., $2 million of FDIC insurance per client), the number of unique clients (e.g., TINs) in the program, and the total balance in the program (e.g., the sum of balance information for all the actual or hypothetical clients in the program).
In embodiments, clients in the actual or hypothetical program may then be divided into two or more classes or stratifications. For example, in a program offering $2.0 million of FDIC insurance, the clients may be broken into three classes/stratifications (e.g., High, Medium and Low). Each stratification represents a tier of clients having a range of deposits. In this example, the “High” stratification may include clients with balances between $1.3 million and $2 million, the “Medium” stratification may include clients with balances between $0.6 million and $1.3 million, and the “Low” stratification may include client with balances of less than $0.6 million. Any number of desired classes/stratifications may be used, and the ranges may be set to be evenly spaced, or based on other criteria as desired by the particular program.
Actual client deposits may then be categorized based on where those assets fall within the various stratification ranges. Information including one or more or all of a number of clients (or TINs) falling in each stratification, and a total balance of assets on deposit by such clients in each stratification and the average assets per client in each stratification, may be calculated using actual data, or may be hypothecated. When actual data is used, the percent of clients in each stratification may be calculated in embodiments by taking the total number of clients in the stratification and dividing it by the total number of clients in the program and determining an appropriate percentage. Likewise, an average balance in each stratification may be calculated in embodiments by taking the total amount of assets held by members of that stratification and dividing by the number of members in the stratification. The total number of banks required for a given program may be calculated in embodiments by taking the total amount of insurance being offered (e.g., $2 million in this example) and dividing it by the total insurable amount that may be held at any single institution (e.g., $250,000, or perhaps a lower limit like $245,000 to provide for a margin or error), and adding the source institution, when the source institution is a bank and is not also receiving the client's assets sent into the program. The total number of banks required for a given stratification may be calculated in embodiments by taking the top limit for the range of balances in the given stratification and dividing it by the total insurable amount that may be held at any single institution.







TABLE III





SHOWING EXAMPLE OF INFORMATION ANALYZED, WHERE THE


SOURCE INSTITUTION IS ALSO A BANK IN THE PROGRAM.


















Variable
Actual






Program
$2,000,000



Insurance




Limit




# of TINs in
69



Program




Total
$46,000,000



Program




Balance
























# of



Upper
Lower
# of

Total
Average
Banks


Stratification
Limit
Limit
TINs
%
Balance
Balance
Req.





High
$2,000,000
$1,333,333
8
12%
$15,600,000
$1,900,000
10


Medium
$1,333,333
  $666,667
17
25%
$16,000,000
  $970,000
7


Low
  $666,667
     $0
44
64%
$14,000,000
  $300,000
4









A hypothetical program to be analyzed may be considered by the allocation tool. In defining the hypothetical program, some or none of the actual program characteristics may be used, with none or some or all of the actual program characteristics being modified for analysis. For example, the amount of insurance offered by the program, and/or a number of clients participating in the program may be varied. In addition or alternatively, the number of clients in each stratification may be varied. Any of the variables considered in the actual program discussed above may be varied to generate a hypothetical program to be analyzed. Actual program information may be used to generate anticipated hypothetical program characteristics.
In embodiments, an example modeling parameter may comprise a programming rule that when the number of participants in the program are increased, the number of anticipated participants in each stratification may be estimated to increase consistent with the relative number of participants in each stratification in the actual program. Alternatively, other hypotheticals may be considered, such as adding or subtracting participants in any particular stratification. For example, only clients in a given stratification range may be offered an opportunity to participate in a given program. Using the actual or hypothetical information the modeling tool may then be used to estimate a desired or necessary capacity of each depository institution in the program and the program as a whole.
In embodiments, for each of the actual (or hypothetical) depository institutions in a program, capacity information is obtained or set, and amounts of deposits from actual (or hypothetical) clients in each stratification are allocated to each institution up to the amount of the capacity information obtained or set.







TABLE IV







PROVIDES A NON-LIMITING EXAMPLE:














Bank
Bank


Medium

Total
Excess


ID
Name
Max Cap
High Strat.
Strat.
Low Strat.
Balance
Capacity

















1
BANK 1
$22,000,000
$2,450,000
$5,550,000 
$12,900,000
$20,900,000
$1,100,000


2
BANK 2
$18,000,000
$2,450,000
$5,550,000 
$10,000,000
$18,000,000
     $0


3
BANK 3
$12,300,000
$2,450,000
$5,550,000
 $4,300,000
$12,300,000
     $0


4
BANK 4
$10,000,000 
$2,450,000
$5,550,000
 $2,000,000
$10,000,000
     $0


5
BANK 5
$10,000,000
$2,450,000
$5,550,000
 $2,000,000
$10,000,000
     $0


6
BANK 6
$10,000,000
$2,450,000
$5,550,000
 $2,000,000
$10,000,000
     $0


7
BANK 7
 $8,400,000
$2,450,000
  $550,000
 $2,800,000
 $5,800,000
$2,600,000


8
BANK 8
 $2,800,000
$2,450,000
     $0
      $0
 $2,450,000
  $350,000


9
BANK 9
 $1,500,000
$1,500,000
     $0
      $0
 $1,500,000
     $0


10
BANK 10
 $1,000,000
$1,000,000
     $0
      $0
 $1,000,000
     $0


11
BANK 11
 $1,000,000
$1,000,000
     $0
      $0
 $1,000,000
     $0


12
BANK 12
 $1,000,000
  $190,000
     $0
      $0
  $170,000
  $800,000


13
BANK 13
 $1,000,000
     $0
     $0
      $0
      $0
$1,000,000


14
BANK 14
   $860,000
     $0
     $0
      $0
      $0
  $800,000


15
BANK 15
   $600,000
     $0
     $0
      $0
      $0
  $700,000


16
BANK 16
   $500,000
     $0
     $0
      $0
      $0
  $500,000


17
BANK 17
   $250,000 
     $0
     $0
      $0
      $0
  $250,000



PROS. 1
      $0
     $0
     $0
      $0
      $0
     $0



PROS. 2
      $0
     $0
     $0
      $0
      $0
     $0



PROS. 3
      $0
     $0
     $0
      $0
      $0
     $0



Remaining

     $0
     $0
      $0
      $0
$8,100,000









Embodiments of the allocation modeling tool allow approximations regarding deposit interchange or other program capacity limits. In embodiments, it allows (1) a determination of the additional clients (e.g., TINs) that may be introduced into an existing program with current insurance limits and/or modified insurance limits and an existing number of recipient depository institutions in the program; (2) a determination of a number of existing recipient depository institution caps required to be modified in order to support the number of added TINs/new program insurance limit and/or new recipient depository institutions required to be added in order to support a number of added TINs/new program insurance limit (e.g., offering $2.5 million of FDIC insurance instead of $2.0 million of FDIC insurance).
In addition to TIN's and Insurance limits, embodiments of the tool may allow a user to modify a balance stratification within the program for purposes of forecasting a benefit or impact of revising/changing program insurance limits and/or recipient depository institutions caps. In embodiments, a user may select an existing account balance stratification (e.g., percentage of clients in each stratification to remain the same) which may be derived by examining the current program balance by client, or alternatively or in addition, a user may adjust a balance stratification (e.g., percentage of clients in each stratification) as needed in order to forecast program capacity. Further, in embodiments, in order to forecast future capacity, a user may be able to adjust current recipient depository institutions capacity limits (e.g., maximum cap at one or more depository institutions) or add additional hypothetical banks to the program, indicated as PROS. 1, PROS. 2, AND PROS. 3 in Table IV.
Accordingly, a method, system and program product is disclosed for setting up a new government backed insured interest-bearing program, and/or revising an existing government backed insured interest-bearing program with the variables comprising one or more or all of an insurance limit per client account (TIN) in the program, a number of client accounts in each of multiple account classes/stratifications, with each stratification covering a different range of account balances permitted under the program, a number of recipient depository institutions required to provide government backed insurance for each stratification of client accounts and the program as a whole, and a maximum or target or other capacity cap for each of the recipient depository institutions in the program. In embodiments, an ability for the program to add new client accounts and/or new client accounts in selected stratifications may be determined from adding a new recipient depository institution and/or a new higher government backed insurance level, and/or increasing capacity caps for one or more of the depository institutions. This may accommodate changes to the number of client accounts in the different classes, and/or balance changes over a period of time for client accounts in one or more of the classes.
FIG. 3 illustrates exemplary embodiments of implementing the modeling engine and method and program product in accordance with the invention.
Block 300 comprises accessing, using one or more computers, one or more electronic databases, stored on one or more computer-readable media, as described previously, for assisting in carrying out one or more of the various operations of the system. In embodiments, the one or more databases may comprises (i) aggregated account information for a plurality of government-backed insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts held in a plurality of recipient depository institutions, comprising a balance of funds held in each of the aggregated deposit accounts, wherein funds from a plurality of client accounts are aggregated with funds of other client accounts in the aggregated deposit accounts. The one or more databases may further comprise (ii) client account information for each of a plurality of the respective client accounts comprising at least a respective balance of funds from the respective client account held in each of one or more recipient depository institutions in the interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts holding funds of the respective client account. Note that in embodiments, one institution may be both a source institution and a recipient depository institution, but every institution in the program need not be both a source institution and a recipient depository institution. Similarly more than one institution could play both roles. In embodiments, one or more institution may also play other roles, such as operating as a clearance bank holding a control operating account.
Block 305 comprises an operation of obtaining, using the one or more computers, obtaining a current or an adjusted total high stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of high stratification client accounts, each of the high stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a highest range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a first number of depository institutions. In embodiments, client account information of client accounts for this may be received by the deposit management system, or may be generated by the deposit management system. In embodiments, the client account information may comprise data for individual transactions, and/or may comprise one or more nets of data for each of a plurality of client accounts, with the data for a respective client account comprising a net of credit information and/or debit information applied to or against the respective client account for one or more sub periods of time and/or may include other transfer information. Note that the client account information may be based at least in part on data from one or more respective source institutions. In embodiments, the obtaining operation comprises receiving electronically a sweep file or data transmission, and/or receiving client account information in person, over the telephone, by fax or other distribution means and entering such information in the one or more databases by keying or scanning, and/or the information may be calculated, and/or it may be verified by the deposit management system 160. In embodiments, the client account information may comprise a net of withdrawal/transfer amounts and/or deposit/transfer amounts from an individual client account over a period of time. Other transfer information may comprises transfer information from the management computer of the deposit management system 160 as part of a fund reallocation, or from another entity, for example. Note that in some embodiments, this step may not be performed.
In embodiments, block 310 comprises an operation of obtaining, using the one or more computers, a current or an adjusted total second stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of second stratification client accounts, each of the second stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a second range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a second number of depository institutions, wherein the second range has a lower upper limit than the highest range, i.e., the upper limit for the second range is not within the highest range.
In embodiments, block 320 comprises an operation of obtaining a current or an adjusted total lowest stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of lowest stratification client accounts, each of the lowest stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a third range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a third number of depository institutions, wherein the lowest range is has a lower upper limit than the second range i.e., the upper limit for the lowest range is not within the third range.
In embodiments, block 330 comprises obtaining for each of the plurality of respective depository institutions a respective capacity cap. The capacity cap may be determined, in embodiments, by accessing a database, and/or obtained manually and keyed or scanned into one or more of the databases and/or the system.
In embodiments, block 340 comprises calculating or having calculated, using the one or more computers, for each of the respective depository institutions, a respective total balance in the program. In embodiments, the total balance may be calculated by summing the balances of the aggregated deposit accounts held in the depository institutions participating in the program. In embodiments, the total balance may be calculated by summing the total high stratification balance, the total second stratification balance, and the total lowest stratification balance, held in the respective depository institutions.
In embodiments, block 350 comprises calculating or having calculated, using the one or more computers, a respective excess capacity for each of the respective depository institutions based at least in part on a difference between the capacity cap for the respective depository institution and the total balance for the respective depository institution. In embodiments, this excess capacity may be determined by subtracting the current balance (obtained from the one or more databases 200) in the one or more aggregated deposit accounts held by the respective depository institution from the capacity cap for the respective depository institution.
In embodiments, block 360 comprises an operation of determining, based at least in part on the respective excess capacities of the respective depository institutions, one or more of a number of additional client accounts and/or additional client account funds that may be added to the program and may receive government backed insurance, and/or a number of additional depository institutions that may be needed to obtain government backed insurance for additional client account funds, and/or a number of additional depository institutions that may be needed in order to increase the program insurance limit and thereby increase a top limit for the highest range, and/or a benefit to modifying the capacity cap for one or more of the depository institutions based on current deposits of funds or projected future deposit of funds. This determination may be performed electronically in whole or in part using the one or more computers. Note that one or more of the steps in the determination may be performed manually.
In embodiments, data for or derived from Table IV may be provided or made accessible for viewing on a display. In embodiments, various parameters of the Table may be changed and an excess capacity resulting from the changes determined, which may be indicative of additional client accounts and client account balances that may be added to the program. In embodiments, an additional number of hypothetical client accounts may be added. In embodiments, a projected additional client account balance resulting from the addition of the theoretical new client accounts may be calculated based on the percentage of current client accounts in each stratification and an average client account balance in each stratification. In embodiments, such a calculation may comprise the hypothetical number of new client accounts multiplied by the different stratification percentages, e.g., high stratification percentage, medium stratification percentage, lowest stratification percentage, to obtain a respective number of hypothetical new client accounts in the high stratification, the medium stratification, and the lowest stratification. In embodiments, the projected additional client account balances resulting from the addition of the new client accounts in each of the stratifications may be calculated. In embodiments, such a calculation may comprise multiplying the respective stratification average account balance by the number of additional client accounts in that stratification. The additional client accounts balances in each stratification may then be summed to obtain a total additional client account balance. In other embodiments, the hypothetical number of new client accounts in each stratification may be added to the current number of client accounts in that respective stratification, and the result multiplied by the respective stratification average account balance to obtain the client accounts balance for the respective stratification.
In embodiments, an operation may be performed of allocating funds to one or more of the recipient depository institutions based, at least in part, on one or more of the parameter determinations of block 360. In embodiments, one or more other of the selection rules previously described may also be used for selecting the one for more recipient depository institutions for part of all of the allocation. For example, a selection rule may comprises obtaining a partial or substantially full reciprocity for source contributions of funds to the program, as described above. Another selection rule may comprise maintaining an amount of client account funds in a respective recipient depository institution at or below an insurance limit, or maintaining the client amount relative to a prescribed amount or percentage of client funds to be held in a respective recipient depository institution. Another selection rule may comprise client account instructions. Another rule may comprise making a selection based on when transfer information is received and/or processed relative to a cutoff time of the recipient depository institutions for fund transfers, and/or relative to one or more threshold times, and/or relative to the cutoff times of one or more other depository institutions or entities involved in the fund transfer chain. Another selection rule may comprise selecting a recipient depository institution for a withdrawal/transfer or a deposit/transfer in order to comply with a respective minimum cap and/or a respective maximum cap associated in the one or more databases with the respective insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts or associated with the respective depository institution or associated with another of the recipient depository institutions. Another selection rule may comprise minimizing a number of withdrawals/transfers and/or deposits/transfers in a month period to hold balances held in one or more of the insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts substantially stable for some period of time. Another selection rule may comprise complying with a Federal Banking regulation 6 withdrawal/transfer limit per month for one or more of the respective depository institutions. Another selection rule may comprise a selection or de-selection of one or more of the recipient depository institutions by one or more of the clients and/or by one or more of the source institutions, or by the depository institutions, or by another entity. Note that one or more of these rules may be used, or may be used in conjunction with one or more other rules, or may be used with one or more different rules.
In embodiments, an operation of allocating, using the one or more computers, amounts of funds from multiple of the client accounts among multiple of the recipient depository institutions, so that the respective balance of funds for the one or more sub periods of time in each of the aggregated deposit accounts of the depository institutions, after taking into consideration the fund transfer amounts for the one or more sub periods of time, will substantially match a sum of the respective balances of funds from the multiple of the respective client accounts allocated to this respective aggregated deposit account. This operation may be considered, in embodiments, a re-shuffling of client account amounts to substantially match the one or more transfers to the aggregated deposit accounts.
In embodiments, an operation of updating or having updated, using the one or more computers, one or more of the electronic databases to update the respective balances of client account funds held in one or more of the recipient depository institutions in one or more aggregated deposit accounts therein based on the allocations based on the transfers.
In embodiments, an operation of generating and making accessible, using the one or more computers, transfer data based at least in part on the allocations.
Note that the embodiments above may be implemented with any combination or all of the following features.
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a computer system configuration for implementing an embodiment of the process of FIG. 3. The computer system configuration comprises one or more databases 400 that may include aggregated deposit account information and client account information, as discussed previously.
The computer system configuration of FIG. 4 comprises one or more computers 410, that are programmed to implement various computer components. One component is the obtaining component 420, for obtaining client account data, recipient depository institution maximum caps, and other information used to make the one or more determinations of block 360.
The one or more computers further comprise a stratification balance and excess capacity calculation engine 440 for performing calculations to obtain the various stratification balances and the excess capacities for the respective recipient depository institutions.
The one or more computers further comprise a modeling component 450 for selecting and varying one or more of the parameters of the determination process of block 360 and using the allocation engine 430 to allocate funds among the recipient depository institutions, based at least in part on one or more of such factors as obtaining government backed insurance and meeting maximum caps, and client instructions, to name a few.
The one or more computers further comprise an allocation engine 430 for allocating funds among the recipient depository institutions based on an output from the modeling component 450.
In embodiments, the client account information comprises information for at least funds of one or more client accounts. In embodiments, the client account information may comprise information for at least bank funds, or only for bank funds. In embodiments, the client account information may comprise information for at least municipal or other governmental funds, or for only municipal or other governmental funds.
In embodiments, where there may be a reciprocity target for at least one of the recipient depository institutions, and where one of the one or more selection rules comprises determining whether a prospective withdrawal/transfer or a deposit/transfer will comply with a respective capacity cap and/or a respective minimum cap associated with the prospective recipient depository institution or with another of the respective recipient depository institutions, the one or more computers 410 may be configured with programming code for performing a pseudo allocation of a proposed transfer to determine whether the reciprocity target for the at least one recipient depository institution will be met by the proposed transfer. If the reciprocity target will not be met by the pseudo allocation and the resulting pseudo end balances that would be held in the respective recipient depository institutions, then modifying one or more of the respective capacity caps and/or the respective minimum caps. In embodiments, this operation may be performed manually. This operation may be advantageous for the embodiments where transfer to the interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts held in the respective recipient depository institutions is controlled at least in part by capacity caps and/or minimum caps.
As noted, one or more of these variables are changed, display data for or derived from Table IV may be made accessible for display. In embodiments, the excess capacities of the different depository institutions will change as variables such as the capacity caps and the number of depository institutions in the program are changed. Likewise, the excess capacities will change as one or more of the stratification balances are changed for one or more of the depository institutions. In embodiments, the excess capacity may be negative, where one or more of the stratification balances for a given depository institution are increased with no corresponding increase in the capacity cap for the respective depository institution. Thus, for example with this display, the number of depository institutions affected by adding a given number of client accounts (using the average client account balance values for each of the stratifications to calculate the balance increase in each of the stratifications) will be displayed for multiple of the depository institutions. Likewise, in embodiments, the number of depository institutions affected by adding a given number of client accounts in just one or just two of the stratifications (using the average client account balance values for the respective stratifications to calculate the balance increase in the respective stratifications) will be displayed for multiple of the depository institutions. In embodiments, such a display may also provide an indication, e.g., from the number of depository institutions with a negative excess capacity, of a need for adding one or more additional depository institutions to the program. In embodiments, such a display may also provide an indication of the additional one or more depository institutions required to be added to the program if the insurance limit for the program or for a selected group of the client accounts is increased.
In embodiments, the one or more computers 410 may be configured with programming code for receiving a selection of an allocation based on one or more modeling parameters, e.g., a new program insurance limit, one or more new recipient depository institution capacity caps, a number of new client accounts, a change in average balance of one or more stratifications, a change in percentage of client accounts in each stratification, a variation of the ranges of the stratifications, a new number of recipient depository institutions participating in a program, to name a few.
In embodiments, the one or more computers 410 may be configured with programming code for generating and sending one or more instructions to a source institution to withdraw/transfer funds from the control operating account 125 held by the clearance bank 120 and to transfer those funds to one or more of the program source institutions and/or to one or more of the recipient depository institutions in accordance with the selected allocation determined by the modeling operation. In embodiments, a communication to the clearance bank by telephone, or by Fax, or in person, or other non-automated communication, may be performed.
In embodiments, the one or more computers may be configured by programming code for making direct electronic communication with the control operating account 125 held by the clearance bank 120 to provide instructions to withdraw/transfer funds from the control operating account 125, and to send/transfer funds to one or more of the source institutions and/or to one or more of the recipient depository institutions and/or to one or more payment entities. In another embodiment, a communication to the clearance bank by telephone, or by Fax, or in person, or other non-automated communication, may be performed.
In embodiments, the transfer data generator 240 may be configured with programming code for sending the transfer data to a source institution for subsequent transfer to one or more recipient depository institutions. In embodiments, this operation may be performed manually.
Some example embodiments comprise:
An allocation modeling method in a depository program with a government backed insurance limit, comprising:


    
    
        accessing, using one or more computers, one or more electronic databases, stored on one or more computer-readable media, comprising:
        
            (i) aggregated account information for a plurality of government backed-insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts held in a plurality of depository institutions in a program, wherein funds from a plurality client accounts are held in the aggregated deposit accounts in the depository institutions in the program, the aggregated account information for a respective one of the aggregated deposit accounts comprising a balance of funds held in the respective aggregated deposit account; and
            (ii) client account information for each of the respective client accounts, wherein the client account represents funds of the respective client held in the one or more aggregated deposit accounts holding funds of the respective client, the client account information comprising a respective balance of funds from the respective client account held in each of the one or more insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts holding funds of the respective client account; and
        
        
        for each respective one of a plurality of depository institutions participating in the program:
        
            obtaining, using the one or more computers, for a high stratification a current or an adjusted total high stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of high stratification client accounts, each of the high stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a highest range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a first number of depository institutions;
            obtaining, using the one or more computers, for a second stratification a current or an adjusted total second stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of second stratification client accounts, each of the second stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a second range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a second number of depository institutions, wherein the second range has a lower upper limit than the highest range;
            obtaining, using the one or more computers, for a lowest stratification a current or an adjusted total lowest stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of lowest stratification client accounts, each of the lowest stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a third range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a third number of depository institutions, wherein the lowest range has a lower upper limit than the second range;
            obtaining for each of the plurality of respective depository institutions a respective capacity cap;
            calculating or having calculated, using the one or more computers, for each of the respective depository institutions, a respective total balance in the program, based at least in part on the total high stratification balance, the total second stratification balance, and the total lowest stratification balance, held in the respective depository institution;
            calculating or having calculated, using the one or more computers, a respective excess capacity for each of the respective depository institutions based at least in part on a difference between the capacity cap for the respective depository institution and the total balance for the respective depository institution; and
        
        
        determining, based at least in part on the respective excess capacities of the respective depository institutions, a number of additional client accounts and/or additional client account funds that may be added to the program and may receive government backed insurance, and/or a number of additional depository institutions that may be needed to obtain government backed insurance for additional client account funds, and/or a number of additional depository institutions that may be needed in order to increase the program insurance limit and thereby increase a top limit for the highest range, and/or a need to modifying the capacity cap for one or more of the depository institutions based on current deposits of funds or projected future deposit of funds.
    
    


In embodiments, the determining step may comprise modifying, based at least in part on the respective excess capacities of the respective depository institutions, one or more of parameters selected from the group of a number of client accounts, additional client account funds, a total number of the depository institutions participating in the program, and the capacity caps for one or more of the depository institutions.
In embodiments, the method may further comprise:
allocating, using the one or more computers, funds of each of the high stratification client accounts, the second stratification client accounts and the lowest stratification client accounts across one or more of the depository institutions to obtain government backed insurance for the funds;
summing for each of the depository institutions, using the one or more computers, the funds of the high stratification client accounts allocated to the respective depository institution, to obtain the total high stratification balance for the respective depository institution;
summing for each of the depository institutions, using the one or more computers, the funds of the second stratification client accounts allocated to the respective depository institution, to obtain the total second stratification balance for the respective depository institution; and
summing for each of the depository institutions, using the one or more computers, the funds of the lowest stratification client accounts allocated to the respective depository institution, to obtain the total lowest stratification balance for the respective depository institution.
In embodiments, the method may further comprise:
determining, using the one or more computers, a current respective percentage of the high stratification client accounts, a current respective percentage of the second stratification client accounts, and a current respective percentage of the lowest stratification client accounts, relative to a total number of client accounts managed by the program, and determining an average balance of client accounts for the high stratification client accounts, an average balance of client accounts for the second stratification client accounts, and an average balance of client accounts for the lowest stratification client accounts; and
modifying, using the one or more computers, one or more of the respective percentage and/or the average balance of client accounts in one or more of the stratifications to determine a need to change capacity caps for one or more of the depository institutions, and/or a need to change a number of depository institutions in the program, and/or a government backed insurance limit for the program, so that a change in the percentage of the client accounts in one or more of the stratifications and/or a change in the average balance of client accounts in one or more of the stratifications will receive government-backed insurance.
In embodiments, the method may further comprise:
determining, using the one or more computers, a current respective percentage of the high stratification client accounts, a current respective percentage of the second stratification client accounts, and a current respective percentage of the lowest stratification client accounts, relative to a total number of client accounts in the program;
determining an average balance of client accounts for the high stratification client accounts, an average balance of client accounts for the second stratification client accounts, and an average balance of client accounts for the lowest stratification client accounts; and
calculating a projected new total balance of funds managed by the program for a given number of new client accounts to be added, based at least in part on the given number of new client accounts, the current number of client accounts, the percentage of the high stratification client accounts and the average balance for the high stratification client accounts, the percentage of the second stratification client accounts and the average balance for the second stratification client accounts, and the percentage of the lowest stratification client accounts and the average balance for the lowest stratification client accounts.
In embodiments, the method may further comprise:
modifying one of the current respective percentages of the client accounts in the stratifications or the average balance of the client accounts in one or more of the stratifications; and
computing the other of the one or more of the stratifications or the average balance of client accounts in the respective stratifications using algorithms embedded in a first spreadsheet; and
computing the excess capacity for respective ones of the depository institutions using algorithms embedded in a second spreadsheet.
In embodiments, the method may further comprise:
revising one or more selected from the group of capacity cap, insurance limit for the program, and number of depository institutions participating in the program, based at least in part on the determining step; and
calculating an allocation of funds, using the one or more computers, among the government backed insured, interest bearing aggregated deposit accounts of the depository institutions, based at least in part on the capacity cap, insurance limit for the program, and number of depository institutions participating in the program.
In embodiments, the method may further comprise:
allocating, using the one or more computers, amounts of funds from multiple of the client accounts among multiple of the recipient depository institutions, so that a respective balance of funds allocated to each of the aggregated deposit accounts of the depository institutions substantially matches a sum of the respective balances of funds from the multiple of the respective client accounts allocated to this respective aggregated deposit account; and
updating, using the one or more computers, one or more of electronic databases to update the respective balances of client account funds held in one or more of the recipient depository institutions in one or more aggregated deposit accounts therein based on the allocations.
In embodiments, the method may further comprise:
generating and making accessible, using the one or more computers, transfer data based at least in part on the allocations.
In embodiments, the method may further comprise:
generating data for a table, using the one or more computers, that lists for each of a plurality of the stratifications, an upper limit for the respective stratification, a lower limit for the respective stratification, a number of clients in the respective stratification, an average total balance of funds in the stratification, a percentage of a total balance managed by the program that is represented by the average total balance of funds in the respective stratification; and
generating and providing or making accessible display data, using the one or more computers, based at least in part on the data in the table. For example, see Table III. In embodiments, these operations may be performed by machine-executable instructions/programming code implementing algorithms embedded in Excel or other spreadsheets.
In embodiments, the method may further comprise:
generating data for a table, using the one or more computers, that lists for each of the depository institutions participating in the program, the capacity cap, a measure derived from the total high stratification balance, a measure derived from the total second stratification balance, a measure derived from the total lowest stratification balance, a measure of the respective total balance in the program for the respective depository institution, and the excess capacity for the respective depository institution; and
generating and providing or making accessible display data, using the one or more computers, based at least in part on the data in the table. For example, see Table IV. In embodiments, the measure may be an average. In embodiments, the measure may be the current total stratification balance for the respective stratification.
The present invention may be used in various kinds of deposit management programs and deposit sweep programs, as well as programs hereinafter developed. The present invention may also be used in the demand deposit marketplace, with insured deposit bank sweep products.
The allocation modeling tool allows the making of approximations regarding capacity limit for a program for obtaining government backed insurance for amounts over the account limit for a single account using a plurality of depository institutions and a plurality of aggregated deposit accounts. In embodiments, it allows (1) a determination of additional client TINs that can be introduced into an existing program with current insurance limits/modified insurance limits (2) a determination of a number of existing banks required to be modified (increase max insurance limit) or new banks required to be added in order to support the number of new TINs/new program insurance limit. In addition to TIN's and Insurance limit, the tool in embodiments, allows a user to modify a balance stratification within a program for purposes of forecasting program insurance. A user can select an existing account balance stratification which is derived by examining the current program balance by client, or alternatively the relative balance of stratifications can be adjusted as needed in order to forecast program capacity. Further, in order to forecast future capacity, a user in embodiments is able to adjust current bank capacity limits and/or add additional hypothetical banks to or remove banks from the program.
In embodiments, each of the stratifications may consist of a multiple of the FDIC insurance limit, e.g., $250,000, $500,000, $750,000, $1,000,000, $1,250,000, $1,500,000, etc., or some fraction thereof. Note also that the FDIC or other government-backed insurance limit for an account may change, this example would change accordingly.
In other embodiments, there may be multiple source institutions that are not depository institutions, each associated in the one or more databases, with a different respective insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit account. In embodiments, one or more of these sources may be self-clearing broker-dealers. Thus, in modeling, problems may arise due to the same depository institutions being used by multiple different source entities, e.g., self-clearing broker-dealers.
In embodiments, there may be only one source institution (serving only as a source and not as a depository institution). In embodiments, modeling may be directed to determining an impact of adding more deposits from the single source, e.g., the impact of adding $100 million more deposits due to bringing in a new large client. In embodiments, modeling of the funds may comprise grouping the clients and allocating clients based on a number of depository institutions that they require in order to obtain government-backed insurance, e.g., with FDIC insurance per depository institution being $245,000, and rounding up. For example, in a 2.5 million insurance program, there would be 11 different groups, beginning with customers who require one depository institution, all the way up to customers who require 11 depository institution to obtain FDIC insurance for their funds.
In embodiments, the program allocation may operate to allocate beginning with the largest customer balance and proceeding down to allocate the smallest balance at the end. In embodiments, the program operation may not group clients, but rather just allocate in this manner.
In embodiments, the program may model client deposits based on unrestrained movement assets (“moveable” in FIG. 5.) and restrained movement assets (“unmoveable” in FIG. 5). Unrestrained movement assets is defined as a customer client with a balance of the FDIC insurance limit or less, e.g., $250K or less. Such assets cannot become uninsured by movement into a bank that already holds assets of the client. In embodiments, since these assets cannot become uninsured, (so long as 1 bank has capacity), these balances may be spread across multiple banks, and in some embodiments, across as many program banks as possible. Such spreading may help eliminate some of the volatility that banks might otherwise have, and in embodiments, may be useful in a wire minimization program. Conversely, restrained movement assets are customer clients who have more than the FDIC insurance limit, e.g., $250K, which requires a proper allocation, taking into account client funds already held by the banks in order to avoid exceeding the $FDIC insurance limit. Otherwise, such a restricted movement assets may have a portion of their balance become uninsured.
Accordingly, in embodiments, the program allocation may operate to allocate beginning with the largest customer balance and proceeding down to allocate the smallest balance at the end, as noted, and then allocating the balances that are below the FDIC limit at the end of the allocation.
A modeling chart is illustrated in FIG. 5. FIG. 5 illustrates a top portion indicating a current distribution of client funds across 11 banks, plus a safety bank. A bottom portion of the chart illustrates how the fund distribution would change if there was an increase into the program of $100,000,000 from 1041 new client accounts. In embodiments, the chart may comprise an Excel spreadsheet, with the values in individual cells in the spreadsheet determined by pre-set equations, to be discussed.
Referring to the left columns in the top portion of the chart of FIG. 5, the left-most column is a stratification based on the number of banks required to obtain FDIC insurance for client accounts in a certain balance range. The top listing is for a balance stratification range that requires 11 banks to obtain insurance, e.g., as an example, $2,750,000 for an FDIC insurance limit of $250,000 per account, or if a lower amount per client account per bank is used, $2,250,000. In the next column to the right, the total balance of client account funds in this stratification range is listed, e.g., $26,950,000. The next column to the right lists the number of client accounts in this stratification range, e.g., 10 client accounts. The next column to the right indicates a cap for each client account in order to obtain FDIC insurance, e.g., $245,000 per account in order to provide some flexibility.
Referring to the horizontal listing of banks 1-12 across the top portion of the chart, the row immediately below the bank number is the cap for that bank for that period of time, e.g., a day, which may be set by the program, and/or by the bank, and/or by another entity, e.g., for bank 1, $225,000,000, meaning that bank 1 can hold $225,000,000 in the program that day. Note that bank 2 has the same cap level, while bank 3 has a lower cap for that period of time of $200,000,000.
The next row down indicates the funds from this top stratification range which are allocated to bank 1, e.g., the cell might have an equation of the number of bank accounts at that stratification level times the limit per client account, in this case 10 accounts times $245,000=$2,450,000. The next row down indicates the remaining cap space for bank 1 after $2,450,000 has been subtracted, e.g., the cell may comprise an equation that subtracts the amount allocated from that stratification level to bank 1 from the cap for bank 1, in this case $225,000,000 minus $2,450,000=$222,550,000.
The next row down indicates the funds from the stratification range that requires 10 banks. Referring to bank 1, the amount from this 10 bank stratification range allocated to bank 1 is $3,675,000, e.g., the cell would perform the equation of the number of accounts in this stratification range (15) times the limit per client account of $245,000. The next row down indicates the remaining cap space for bank 1 after $3,675,000 has been subtracted from the remaining cap, e.g., the remaining cap of bank 1 of $222,550,000 minus $3,675,000=$218,875,000.
The rows below indicate the number of banks in each lower stratification range, the total assets in that stratification range, the number of accounts in that stratification range, the client account limit per bank, the assets from this stratification range to be allocated to each of the banks in this stratification range, the amount allocated to each of the banks in its stratification, and the remaining cap space left after this amount has been allocated to the respective bank in this stratification level.
Note that bottom stratification level that requires only one bank per account has $226,250,000 in assets from 9,050 accounts. These assets are considered to be moveable freely (unrestrained movement) without concern for exceeding the FDIC limit for the respective client. The assets in this stratification range were allocated to banks 3-6, and the row listing moveable assets lists these assets as moveable. The unmoveable (restrained movement) assets row lists clients funds that require more that one bank to obtain FDIC insurance.
The bottom portion of the chart is similar, but designed to project allocations for additional assets coming into the program, to accommodate changes in bank caps, the addition or removal of banks in the program, and changes to the asset limit per client account per bank. In the bottom chart illustrated in FIG. 5, a projected allocation for a sweep of $100,000,000 of new assets from 1,041 new accounts is determined. In embodiments, an assumption is used for determining the spreadsheet cell equations that the same percentage of accounts and assets will hold for each of the bank stratification ranges for these new assets. For example, if the current percentage of client accounts in the 11 bank stratification range is Y %, and they have an average account balance of $XX, then a cell calculation may be performed to determine Y % of the new client accounts, and to multiple that resulting number of client accounts by the average account balance of $XX for this stratification range, to obtain the total new assets in that stratification range to be allocated across 11 banks. In the bottom portion of the chart, the total assets in the 11 bank stratification range to be distributed is $29,753,641.09 from 11 accounts. It can be seen that a distribution of this amount across 11 banks requires $2,704,876 per bank in this stratification.
This $2,704,876 amount is subtracted from the cap for bank 1, per the example. Note that there is a row labeled “Cap Change,” which indicates any change to the previous cap for the respective bank in the column. Thus, the chart shows that bank 1 has had a reduction of $50,000,000 in its cap, so that the new cap for bank 1 is computed in the bank cap cell to be the previous bank cap plus/minus the cap change, e.g., $175,000,000 in the case of bank 1. In computing the remaining cap space available for bank 1, the allocated amount of $2,704,876 is subtracted from this new cap of $175,000,000, resulting in $172,295,123,54 of remaining cap space for bank 1.
This same operation is performed for each of the bank stratification ranges to determine the total new assets in that respective stratification range to be allocated. Thus, it is possible to forecast the ability of the program to take in additional deposits, and/or the changes (banks caps, number of banks in the program, limit per client account in each program bank, to name a few) needed in order to take in additional deposits at a certain level.
Note that in embodiments, there may be a single source self clearing entity such as a broker-dealer. In embodiments, that single source self clearing entity may be affiliated with one or more depository institutions. In embodiments, that single source self clearing entity may be aggregating funds from multiple source entities, with one or more of these source entities being affiliated with one or more banks. The single self-clearing entity, and/or these source entities may require that their client funds be allocated first to their affiliated one or more banks, with an allocation to each of these one or more banks up to some limit, e.g., the FDIC insurance limit per account, before allocating excess funds to non-affiliated banks participating in the program. In embodiments, a waterfall approach may be used, with a particular order to allocate to each of the affiliated banks, up to the designated limit, e.g., the FDIC limit per account, and/or up to some total deposit cap associated with the respective bank, before allocating to the next affiliated bank, and then to non-affiliated banks. In embodiments, instead of a waterfall, there may be an allocation requirement that all of the affiliated banks of a group of the affiliated banks receive equal allocations until the FDIC limit per account is reached, and/or up until some total deposit cap associated with the respective bank is reached. In embodiments, the particular order may be based on a designated priority level, and/or may be based on an interest rate offered by the respective affiliated or non-affiliated banks, e.g., with a priority given to depository institutions offering higher interest rates.
In embodiments, the foregoing examples directed to an allocation may be applied also where no affiliated banks are involved. For example, a waterfall priority order may be used until the FDIC limit per account, and/or up to some total deposit cap associated with the respective bank is reached. In embodiments, the allocation be equally made to a priority group of banks, up to a limit, before allocating to non-priority or lower priority groups of banks. In embodiments, the particular order of allocation may be based on an interest rate offered by the respective non-affiliated banks.
Embodiments within the scope of the present invention include program products comprising machine-readable media for carrying or having machine-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon, but do not include signals propagating on a carrier wave. Such machine-readable media may be any available storage media which may be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. By way of example, such machine-readable media may comprise RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other storage medium which may be used to store desired program code in the form of machine-executable instructions or data structures and which may be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of machine-readable media. Machine-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions and data which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing machine to perform a certain function or group of functions. Note that the machine-executable instructions/programming code may comprise algorithms embedded in Excel or other spreadsheets.
Embodiments of the invention have been described in the general context of method steps which may be implemented in embodiments by a program product including machine-executable instructions, such as program code, for example in the form of program modules executed by machines in networked environments. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular data types. Multi-threaded applications may be used, for example, based on Java or C++. Machine-executable instructions, associated data structures, and program modules represent examples of program code for executing steps of the methods disclosed herein. The particular sequence of such executable instructions or associated data structures represent examples of corresponding acts for implementing the functions described in such steps. The machine-executable instructions/programming code may comprise algorithms embedded in Excel or other spreadsheets.
Embodiments of the present invention may be practiced with one or multiple computers in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers (including mobile devices) having processors. Logical connections may include a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN) that are presented here by way of example and not limitation. Such networked environments are commonplace in office-wide or enterprise-wide computer networks, and include intranets and the Internet, and may use a wide variety of different communication protocols. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that such network computing environments will typically encompass many types of computer system configurations, including personal computers, hand-held devices, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like. Embodiments of the invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by local and remote processing devices that are linked (either by hardwired links, wireless links, or by a combination of hardwired and wireless links) through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.
It should be noted that although the flow charts provided herein show a specific order of method steps, it is understood that the order of these steps may differ from what is depicted. Also two or more steps may be performed concurrently or with partial concurrence. Such variation will depend on the software and hardware systems chosen and on designer choice. It is understood that all such variations are within the scope of the invention. Likewise, software and web implementations of the present invention could be accomplished with programming techniques with rule based logic and other logic to accomplish the various database searching steps, correlation steps, comparison steps and decision steps. It should also be noted that the word “component” as used herein and in the claims is intended to encompass implementations using one or more lines of software code, and/or hardware implementations. It should also be noted that the phrase “a plurality” is intended to mean more than one, and is not intended to refer to any previous recitation of the word “plurality,” unless preceded by the word “the.”
All components, modes of communication, and/or processes described heretofore are interchangeable and combinable with similar components, modes of communication, and/or processes disclosed elsewhere in the specification, unless an express indication is made to the contrary. It is intended that any structure or step of an embodiment disclosed herein may be combined with other structure and or method embodiments to form further embodiments with this added element or step
While this invention has been described in conjunction with the exemplary embodiments outlined above, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments of the invention, as set forth above, are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

## Claims

1. An allocation modeling method in a depository program with a government backed insurance limit, comprising:
accessing, using one or more computers, one or more electronic databases, stored on one or more computer-readable media, comprising:
(i) aggregated account information for a plurality of government backed-insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts held in a plurality of depository institutions in a program, wherein funds from a plurality client accounts are held in the aggregated deposit accounts in the depository institutions in the program, the aggregated account information for a respective one of the aggregated deposit accounts comprising a balance of funds held in the respective aggregated deposit account;
(ii) client account information for each of the respective client accounts, wherein the client account represents funds of the respective client held in the one or more aggregated deposit accounts holding funds of the respective client, the client account information comprising a respective balance of funds from the respective client account held in each of the one or more insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts holding funds of the respective client account;
(iii) depository institution information for respective of the depository institutions in the program, the depository information for a respective one of the depository institutions comprising a capacity cap for funds held therein from the program, and

for each respective one of a plurality of depository institutions participating in the program performing the steps:
obtaining, using the one or more computers, for a high stratification a current or an adjusted total high stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of high stratification client accounts, each of the high stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a highest range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a first number of depository institutions;
obtaining, using the one or more computers, for a second stratification a current or an adjusted total second stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of second stratification client accounts, each of the second stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a second range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a second number of depository institutions, wherein the second range has a lower upper limit than the highest range;
obtaining, using the one or more computers, for a lowest stratification a current or an adjusted total lowest stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of lowest stratification client accounts, each of the lowest stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a third range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a third number of depository institutions, wherein the lowest range has a lower upper limit than the second range;
calculating or having calculated, using the one or more computers, for each of the respective depository institutions, a respective total balance in the program, based at least in part on the total high stratification balance, the total second stratification balance, and the total lowest stratification balance, held in the respective depository institution;
calculating or having calculated, using the one or more computers, a respective excess capacity for each of the respective depository institutions based at least in part on a difference between the capacity cap for the respective depository institution and the total balance for the respective depository institution; and

modifying, based at least in part on the respective excess capacities of the respective depository institutions, one or more of parameters selected from the group of a number of client accounts, additional client account funds, a total number of the depository institutions participating in the program, and the capacity caps for one or more of the depository institutions.

2. The method as defined in claim 1, further comprising:
allocating, using the one or more computers, funds of each of the high stratification client accounts, the second stratification client accounts and the lowest stratification client accounts across one or more of the depository institutions to obtain government backed insurance for the funds;
summing for each of the depository institutions, using the one or more computers, the funds of the high stratification client accounts allocated to the respective depository institution, to obtain the total high stratification balance for the respective depository institution;
summing for each of the depository institutions, using the one or more computers, the funds of the second stratification client accounts allocated to the respective depository institution, to obtain the total second stratification balance for the respective depository institution; and
summing for each of the depository institutions, using the one or more computers, the funds of the lowest stratification client accounts allocated to the respective depository institution, to obtain the total lowest stratification balance for the respective depository institution.

3. The method as defined in claim 1, may further comprising:
determining, using the one or more computers, a current respective percentage of the high stratification client accounts, a current respective percentage of the second stratification client accounts, and a current respective percentage of the lowest stratification client accounts, relative to a total number of client accounts managed by the program, and determining an average balance of client accounts for the high stratification client accounts, an average balance of client accounts for the second stratification client accounts, and an average balance of client accounts for the lowest stratification client accounts; and
modifying, using the one or more computers, one or more of the respective percentage and/or the average balance of client accounts in one or more of the stratifications to determine a need to change capacity caps for one or more of the depository institutions, and/or a need to change a number of depository institutions in the program, and/or a government backed insurance limit for the program, so that a change in the percentage of the client accounts in one or more of the stratifications and/or a change in the average balance of client accounts in one or more of the stratifications will receive government-backed insurance.

4. The method as defined in claim 1, may further comprising:
determining, using the one or more computers, a current respective percentage of the high stratification client accounts, a current respective percentage of the second stratification client accounts, and a current respective percentage of the lowest stratification client accounts, relative to a total number of client accounts in the program;
determining an average balance of client accounts for the high stratification client accounts, an average balance of client accounts for the second stratification client accounts, and an average balance of client accounts for the lowest stratification client accounts; and
calculating a projected new total balance of funds managed by the program for a given number of new client accounts to be added, based at least in part on the given number of new client accounts, the current number of client accounts, the percentage of the high stratification client accounts and the average balance for the high stratification client accounts, the percentage of the second stratification client accounts and the average balance for the second stratification client accounts, and the percentage of the lowest stratification client accounts and the average balance for the lowest stratification client accounts.

5. The method as defined in claim 4, further comprising:
modifying one of the current respective percentages of the client accounts in the stratifications or the average balance of the client accounts in one or more of the stratifications; and
computing the other of the one or more of the stratifications or the average balance of client accounts in the respective stratifications using algorithms embedded in a first spreadsheet; and
computing the excess capacity for respective ones of the depository institutions using algorithms embedded in a second spreadsheet.

6. The method as defined in claim 1, comprising:
revising one or more selected from the group of capacity cap, insurance limit for the program, and number of depository institutions participating in the program, based at least in part on the determining step; and
calculating an allocation of funds, using the one or more computers, among the government backed insured, interest bearing aggregated deposit accounts of the depository institutions, based at least in part on the capacity cap, insurance limit for the program, and number of depository institutions participating in the program.

7. The method as defined in claim 6, comprising:
allocating, using the one or more computers, amounts of funds from multiple of the client accounts among multiple of the recipient depository institutions, so that a respective balance of funds allocated to each of the aggregated deposit accounts of the depository institutions substantially matches a sum of the respective balances of funds from the multiple of the respective client accounts allocated to this respective aggregated deposit account; and
updating, using the one or more computers, one or more of electronic databases to update the respective balances of client account funds held in one or more of the recipient depository institutions in one or more aggregated deposit accounts therein based on the allocations.

8. The method as defined in claim 6, comprising:
generating and making accessible, using the one or more computers, transfer data based at least in part on the allocations.

9. The method as defined in claim 6, comprising:
generating data for a table, using the one or more computers, that lists for each of a plurality of the stratifications, an upper limit for the respective stratification, a lower limit for the respective stratification, a number of clients in the respective stratification, an average total balance of funds in the stratification, a percentage of a total balance managed by the program that is represented by the average total balance of funds in the respective stratification; and
generating and providing or making accessible display data, using the one or more computers, based at least in part on the data in the table.

10. The method as defined in claim 6, comprising:
generating data for a table, using the one or more computers, that lists for each of the depository institutions participating in the program, the capacity cap, a measure derived from the total high stratification balance, a measure derived from the total second stratification balance, a measure derived from the total lowest stratification balance, a measure of the respective total balance in the program for the respective depository institution, and the excess capacity for the respective depository institution; and
generating and providing or making accessible display data, using the one or more computers, based at least in part on the data in the table.

11. The method as defined in claim 10, wherein the measure is an average.

12. The method as defined in claim 10, wherein the measure is the current total stratification balance for the respective stratification.

13. The method as defined in claim 9, further comprising the wherein machine-executable instructions/programming code may comprise algorithms embedded in Excel or other spreadsheets.

14. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein each of the stratifications consists of a multiple of the FDIC insurance limit.

15. The method as defined in claim 14, wherein there are a plurality of source entities providing clients funds for allocation to depository institutions participating in the program.

16. The method as defined in claim 14, there is a single source entity providing clients funds for allocation to depository institutions participating in the program.

17. The method as defined in claim 14, there is a single self-clearing entity providing clients funds from multiple source entities for allocation to depository institutions participating in the program.

18. The method as defined in claim 17, wherein one of the multiple source entities is affiliated with one or more of the depository institutions, and further comprising allocating finds of client accounts of that one source entity first to the one or more of the depository institutions with which it is affiliated.

19. A system, comprising:
one or more computers configured to perform the following steps:
accessing, using one or more computers, one or more electronic databases, stored on one or more computer-readable media, comprising:
(i) aggregated account information for a plurality of government backed-insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts held in a plurality of depository institutions in a program, wherein funds from a plurality client accounts are held in the aggregated deposit accounts in the depository institutions in the program, the aggregated account information for a respective one of the aggregated deposit accounts comprising a balance of funds held in the respective aggregated deposit account;
(ii) client account information for each of the respective client accounts, wherein the client account represents funds of the respective client held in the one or more aggregated deposit accounts holding funds of the respective client, the client account information comprising a respective balance of funds from the respective client account held in each of the one or more insured and interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts holding funds of the respective client account;
(iii) depository institution information for respective of the depository institutions in the program, the depository information for a respective one of the depository institutions comprising a capacity cap for funds held therein from the program, and


for each respective one of a plurality of depository institutions participating in the program, performing the steps:
obtaining, using the one or more computers, for a high stratification a current or an adjusted total high stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of high stratification client accounts, each of the high stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a highest range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a first number of depository institutions;
obtaining, using the one or more computers, for a second stratification a current or an adjusted total second stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of second stratification client accounts, each of the second stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a second range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a second number of depository institutions, wherein the second range has a lower upper limit than the highest range;
obtaining, using the one or more computers, for a lowest stratification a current or an adjusted total lowest stratification balance in the respective depository institution, comprising a total of balances held or that may be held in the respective depository institution of lowest stratification client accounts, each of the lowest stratification client accounts having a total balance managed by the program within a third range of balances that may be fully insured with government backed insurance through an allocation across government backed-insured interest-bearing aggregated deposit accounts in a third number of depository institutions, wherein the lowest range has a lower upper limit than the second range;
calculating or having calculated, using the one or more computers, for each of the respective depository institutions, a respective total balance in the program, based at least in part on the total high stratification balance, the total second stratification balance, and the total lowest stratification balance, held in the respective depository institution;
calculating or having calculated, using the one or more computers, a respective excess capacity for each of the respective depository institutions based at least in part on a difference between the capacity cap for the respective depository institution and the total balance for the respective depository institution; and

modifying, based at least in part on the respective excess capacities of the respective depository institutions, one or more of parameters selected from the group of a number of client accounts, additional client account funds, a total number of the depository institutions participating in the program, and the capacity caps for one or more of the depository institutions.