# Patent

## Title
Method, apparatus, and system for processing audio data

## Abstract

A method for processing audio data includes obtaining a noise frame of an audio signal, and decomposing the current noise frame into a noise low-band signal and a noise high-band signal; and encoding and transmitting the noise low-band signal by using a first discontinuous transmission mechanism, and encoding and transmitting the noise high-band signal by using a second discontinuous transmission mechanism. According to the present disclosure, different processing manners are used for the high-band signal and the low-band signal, calculation loads and encoded bits may be saved under a premise of not lowering subjective quality of a codec, and bits that are saved may help to achieve an objective of reducing a transmission bandwidth or improving overall encoding quality.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,899, filed on Jun. 30, 2014, which is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/CN2012/087812, filed on Dec. 28, 2012, which claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201110455836.7, filed on Dec. 30, 2011. The aforementioned patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.


STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not applicable.
REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX
Not applicable.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, and a system for processing audio data.
BACKGROUND
In the field of digital communications, there are extensive application requirements for transmission of speeches, images, audios, and videos, such as mobile phone calls, audio/video conferencing, broadcast television, and multimedia entertainment. A speech is digitized, and then transferred from one terminal to another terminal through a voice communication network. Herein the terminals may be mobile phones, digital phone terminals, or voice terminals or any other types. Examples of digital phone terminals are Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phones or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) phones, computers, and cable communication phones. To reduce resources occupied in the process of storing or transmitting audio signals, a sending end performs compression processing on audio signals before transmitting the audio signals to a receiving end, and the receiving end performs decompression processing to restore the audio signals and play the audio signals.
In voice communication, speech is included in only about 40% of the time, and at other times, there is only silence or background noise. To save transmission bandwidths and avoid unnecessary consumption of bandwidths in a silence or background noise period, a Discontinuous transmission system/Comfort Noise Generation (DTX/CNG) technology emerges. Simply, DTX/CNG means not encoding noise frames continuously, but performing encoding only once at an interval of several frames in a noise/silence period according to a policy, where an encoded bit rate is generally much lower than a bit rate of speech frame encoding. A noise frame encoded at such a low rate is referred to as a Silence Insertion Descriptor frame (SID). A decoder restores continuous background noise frames at the decoding end according to discontinuously received SIDs. Such continuously restored background noise is not a faithful reproduction of background noise of an encoding end, but aims to avoid causing quality deterioration in hearing as much as possible, so that a user feels comfortable when hearing the noise. The restored background noise is referred to as Comfort Noise (CN), and the method for restoring the CN at the decoding end is referred to as comfort noise generation.
In the prior art, International Telecommunications Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) G.718 is a new standard wideband codec, which includes a wideband DTX/CNG system. The system may send a SID according to a fixed interval, and may also adaptively adjust the SID sending interval according to an estimated noise level. A SID frame of G.718 includes 16 immitance spectral pair (ISP) parameters and excitation energy parameters. This group of ISP parameters represents a spectral envelope on the bandwidth of an entire wide band, and an excitation energy is obtained by an analysis filter represented by this group of ISP parameters. At the decoding end, the G.718 estimates, according to ISP parameters obtained by decoding a SID in a CNG state, a linear prediction coefficient (LPC) required for CNG, estimates, according to excitation energy parameters obtained by decoding the SID frame, an excitation energy required for CNG, and uses gain-adjusted white noise to excite a CNG synthesis filter to obtain a reconstructed CN.
However, for a super-wideband spectral envelope, the bandwidth of the super wide band is extremely wide; when the prior art is extended to a super-wideband DTX/CNG system, more calculation loads and bits need to be consumed to calculate and encode the added dozen of ISP parameters, because a complete super-wideband spectral envelope needs to be encoded for a SID. Because high-band signals of noise (which refers to a frequency range above the wide band herein) are generally not perceptually sensitive in hearing, calculation loads and bits consumed for this part of signals are not cost-effective, thereby reducing the encoding efficiency of the codec.
SUMMARY
To solve a super-wideband encoding and transmission problem, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method, an apparatus, and a system for processing audio data. The technical solutions are as follows.
According to one aspect, a method for processing audio data is provided and includes obtaining a noise frame of an audio signal, and decomposing the noise frame into a noise low-band signal and a noise high-band signal, and encoding the noise low-band signal by using a first discontinuous transmission mechanism and transmitting the encoded noise low-band signal by using the first discontinuous transmission mechanism, and encoding the noise high-band signal by using a second discontinuous transmission mechanism and transmitting the encoded noise high-band signal by using the second discontinuous transmission mechanism, where a policy for sending a first SID of the first discontinuous transmission mechanism is different from a policy for sending a second SID of the second discontinuous transmission mechanism, or a policy for encoding a first SID of the first discontinuous transmission mechanism is different from a policy for encoding a second SID of the second discontinuous transmission mechanism.
According to one aspect, a method for processing audio data is provided and includes obtaining, by a decoder, a SID, and determining whether the SID includes a low-band parameter and/or a high-band parameter; when the SID includes the low-band parameter, decoding the SID to obtain a noise low-band parameter, locally generating a noise high-band parameter, and obtaining a first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter; when the SID includes the high-band parameter, decoding the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter, locally generating a noise low-band parameter, and obtaining a second CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise low-band parameter; and when the SID includes the high-band parameter and the low-band parameter, decoding the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter and a noise low-band parameter, and obtaining a third CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding.
According to another aspect, an apparatus for encoding audio data is provided and includes an obtaining module configured to obtain a noise frame of an audio signal, and decompose the noise frame into a noise low-band signal and a noise high-band signal; and a transmitting module configured to encode the noise low-band signal by using a first discontinuous transmission mechanism and transmit the encoded noise low-band signal by using the first discontinuous transmission mechanism, and encode the noise high-band signal by using a second discontinuous transmission mechanism and transmit the encoded noise high-band signal by using the second discontinuous transmission mechanism, where a policy for sending a first SID of the first discontinuous transmission mechanism is different from a policy for sending a second SID of the second discontinuous transmission mechanism, or a policy for encoding a first SID of the first discontinuous transmission mechanism is different from a policy for encoding a second SID of the second discontinuous transmission mechanism.
According to another aspect, an apparatus for decoding audio data is provided and includes an obtaining module configured to obtain a SID, and determine whether the SID includes a low-band parameter and/or a high-band parameter; a first decoding module configured to, when the SID obtained by the obtaining module includes the low-band parameter, decode the SID to obtain a noise low-band parameter, locally generate a noise high-band parameter, and obtain a first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter; a second decoding module configured to, when the SID obtained by the obtaining module includes the high-band parameter, decode the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter, locally generate a noise low-band parameter, and obtain a second CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise low-band parameter; and a third decoding module configured to, when the SID obtained by the obtaining module includes the high-band parameter and the low-band parameter, decode the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter and a noise low-band parameter, and obtain a third CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding.
According to another aspect, a system for processing audio data is provided and includes the foregoing apparatus for encoding audio data and the foregoing apparatus for decoding audio data.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure bring the following beneficial effects: a current noise frame is decomposed into a noise low-band signal and a noise high-band signal; then the noise low-band signal is encoded and transmitted by using a first discontinuous transmission mechanism, and the noise high-band signal is encoded and transmitted by using a second discontinuous transmission mechanism; a decoder obtains a SID, and determines whether the SID includes a low-band parameter and/or a high-band parameter; and different noise decoding manners are used according to different determining results. In this way, different encoding and decoding processing manners are used for the high-band signal and the low-band signal, calculation complexity may be reduced and encoded bits may be saved under a premise of not lowering subjective quality of a codec, and bits that are saved may help to achieve an objective of reducing a transmission bandwidth or improving overall encoding quality, thereby solving a super-wideband encoding and transmission problem.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments. The accompanying drawings in the following description show merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, and a person of ordinary skill in the art may still derive other drawings from these accompanying drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for processing audio data according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for processing audio data according to Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for processing audio data according to Embodiment 3 of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for processing audio data according to Embodiment 4 of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for encoding audio data according to Embodiment 6 of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another apparatus for encoding audio data according to Embodiment 6 of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for decoding audio data according to Embodiment 7 of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another apparatus for decoding audio data according to Embodiment 7 of the present disclosure; and
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a system for processing audio data according to Embodiment 8 of the present disclosure.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the following further describes the embodiments of the present disclosure in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
Referring to FIG. 1, this embodiment provides a method for processing audio data, where the method includes the following:
101. Obtain a noise frame of an audio signal, and decompose the noise frame into a noise low-band signal and a noise high-band signal.
102. Encode and transmit the noise low-band signal by using a first discontinuous transmission mechanism, and encode and transmit the noise high-band signal by using a second discontinuous transmission mechanism, where a policy for sending a first SID of the first discontinuous transmission mechanism is different from a policy for sending a second SID of the second discontinuous transmission mechanism, or a policy for encoding a first SID of the first discontinuous transmission mechanism is different from a policy for encoding a second SID of the second discontinuous transmission mechanism.
In this embodiment, the first SID includes a low-band parameter of the noise frame, and the second SID includes a low-band parameter or a high-band parameter of the noise frame.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the encoding and transmitting the noise high-band signal by using a second discontinuous transmission mechanism includes: determining whether the noise high-band signal has a preset spectral structure; if yes, and a sending condition of the policy for sending the second SID is satisfied, encoding a SID of the noise high-band signal by using the policy for encoding the second SID, and sending the SID; and if not, determining that the noise high-band signal does not need to be encoded and transmitted.
The determining whether the noise high-band signal has a preset spectral structure includes: obtaining a spectrum of the noise high-band signal, dividing the spectrum into at least two sub-bands, and if an average energy of any first sub-band in the sub-bands is not smaller than an average energy of a second sub-band in the sub-bands, where a frequency band in which the second sub-band is located is higher than a frequency band in which the first sub-band is located, determining that the noise high-band signal has no preset spectral structure; otherwise, determining that the noise high-band signal has a preset spectral structure.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the encoding and transmitting the noise high-band signal by using a second discontinuous transmission mechanism includes: generating a deviation according to a first ratio and a second ratio, where the first ratio is a ratio of an energy of the noise high-band signal to an energy of the noise low-band signal of the noise frame, and the second ratio is a ratio of an energy of a noise high-band signal to an energy of a noise low-band signal at a moment when a SID including a noise high-band parameter is sent last time before the noise frame; and determining whether the deviation reaches a preset threshold; if yes, encoding a SID of the noise high-band signal by using the policy for encoding the second SID, and sending the SID; and if not, determining that the noise high-band signal does not need to be encoded and transmitted.
Optionally, that the first ratio is a ratio of an energy of the noise high-band signal to an energy of the noise low-band signal of the noise frame includes that the first ratio is a ratio of an instant energy of the noise high-band signal to an instant energy of the noise low-band signal of the noise frame; and correspondingly, that the second ratio is a ratio of an energy of a noise high-band signal to an energy of a noise low-band signal at a moment when a SID including a noise high-band parameter is sent last time before the noise frame includes that the second ratio is a ratio of an instant energy of the noise high-band signal to an instant energy of the noise low-band signal at the moment when the SID including the noise high-band parameter is sent last time before the noise frame.
Alternatively, that the first ratio is a ratio of an energy of the noise high-band signal to an energy of the noise low-band signal of the noise frame includes that the first ratio is a ratio of a weighted average energy of noise high-band signals of the noise frame and a noise frame prior to the noise frame to a weighted average energy of noise low-band signals of the noise frame and the noise frame prior to the noise frame; and correspondingly, that the second ratio is a ratio of an energy of a noise high-band signal to an energy of a noise low-band signal at a moment when a SID including a noise high-band parameter is sent last time before the noise frame includes that the second ratio is a ratio of a weighted average energy of high-band signals to a weighted average energy of low-band signals of a noise frame and a noise frame prior to the noise frame at the moment when the SID including the noise high-band parameter is sent last time before the noise frame.
In this embodiment, the generating a deviation according to a first ratio and a second ratio includes separately calculating a logarithmic value of the first ratio and a logarithmic value of the second ratio; and calculating an absolute value of a difference between the logarithmic value of the first ratio and the logarithmic value of the second ratio, to obtain the deviation.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the encoding and transmitting the noise high-band signal by using a second discontinuous transmission mechanism includes: determining whether a spectral structure of the noise high-band signal of the noise frame, in comparison with an average spectral structure of noise high-band signals before the noise frame, satisfies a preset condition; if yes, encoding a SID of the noise high-band signal of the noise frame by using the policy for encoding the second SID, and sending the SID; and if not, determining that the noise high-band signal of the noise frame does not need to be encoded and transmitted.
The average spectral structure of the noise high-band signals before the noise frame includes: a weighted average of spectrums of the noise high-band signals before the noise frame.
In this embodiment, the sending condition in the policy for sending the second SID of the second discontinuous transmission mechanism further includes the first discontinuous transmission mechanism satisfying a condition for sending the first SID.
The method embodiment provided by the present disclosure brings the following beneficial effects: a current noise frame of an audio signal is obtained, and the current noise frame is decomposed into a noise low-band signal and a noise high-band signal; then the noise low-band signal is encoded and transmitted by using a first discontinuous transmission mechanism, and the noise high-band signal is encoded and transmitted by using a second discontinuous transmission mechanism. In this way, different processing manners are used for the high-band signal and the low-band signal, calculation complexity may be reduced and encoded bits may be saved under a premise of not lowering subjective quality of a codec, and bits that are saved help to achieve an objective of reducing a transmission bandwidth or improving overall encoding quality, thereby solving a super-wideband encoding and transmission problem.
Embodiment 2
Referring to FIG. 2, this embodiment provides a method for processing audio data, where the method includes the following steps.
201. A decoder obtains a SID, and determines whether the SID includes a low-band parameter or a high-band parameter.
202. If the SID includes the low-band parameter, decode the SID to obtain a noise low-band parameter, locally generate a noise high-band parameter, and obtain a first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter.
203. If the SID includes the high-band parameter, decode the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter, locally generate a noise low-band parameter, and obtain a second CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise low-band parameter.
204. If the SID includes the high-band parameter and the low-band parameter, decode the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter and a noise low-band parameter, and obtain a third CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding.
Optionally, in this embodiment, if the SID includes the low-band parameter, before the decoding the SID to obtain a noise low-band parameter, locally generating a noise high-band parameter, and obtaining a first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter, the method further includes: if the decoder is in a first comfort noise generation (CNG) state, entering, by the decoder, a second CNG state.
Optionally, in this embodiment, if the SID includes the high-band parameter and the low-band parameter, before the decoding the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter and a noise low-band parameter, and obtaining a third CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding, the method further includes: if the decoder is in a second CNG state, entering, by the decoder, a first CNG state.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the determining whether the SID includes a low-band parameter and/or a high-band parameter includes, if the number of bits of the SID is smaller than a preset first threshold, determining that the SID includes the high-band parameter; if the number of bits of the SID is greater than a preset first threshold and smaller than a preset second threshold, determining that the SID includes the low-band parameter; and if the number of bits of the SID is greater than a preset second threshold and smaller than a preset third threshold, determining that the SID includes the high-band parameter and the low-band parameter; or if the SID includes a first identifier, determining that the SID includes the high-band parameter; if the SID includes a second identifier, determining that the SID includes the low-band parameter; and if the SID includes a third identifier, determining that the SID includes the low-band parameter and the high-band parameter.
In this embodiment, the locally generating a noise high-band parameter includes: separately obtaining a weighted average energy of a noise high-band signal and a synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to the SID; and obtaining the noise high-band signal according to the obtained weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal and the obtained synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the obtaining a weighted average energy of a noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to the SID includes obtaining an energy of a low-band signal of the first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding; calculating a ratio of an energy of a noise high-band signal to an energy of a noise low-band signal at a moment when a SID including a high-band parameter is received before the SID, to obtain a first ratio; obtaining, according to the energy of the low-band signal of the first CN frame and the first ratio, an energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID; and performing weighted averaging on the energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID and an energy of a high-band signal of a locally buffered CN frame, to obtain the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID, where the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID is a high-band signal energy of the first CN frame.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the calculating a ratio of an energy of a noise high-band signal to an energy of a noise low-band signal at a moment when a SID including a high-band parameter is received before the SID, to obtain a first ratio, includes calculating a ratio of an instant energy of the noise high-band signal to an instant energy of the noise low-band signal at the moment when the SID including the high-band parameter is received before the SID, to obtain the first ratio; or calculating a ratio of a weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal to a weighted average energy of the noise low-band signal at the moment when the SID including the high-band parameter is received before the SID, to obtain the first ratio.
When the energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID is greater than an energy of a high-band signal of a previous CN frame that is locally buffered, the energy of the high-band signal of the previous CN frame that is locally buffered is updated at a first rate; otherwise, the energy of the high-band signal of the previous CN frame that is locally buffered is updated at a second rate, where the first rate is greater than the second rate.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the obtaining a weighted average energy of a noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to the SID includes selecting a high-band signal of a speech frame with a minimum high-band signal energy from speech frames within a preset period of time before the SID; and obtaining, according to an energy of the high-band signal of the speech frame with the minimum high-band signal energy among the speech frames, the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID, where the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID is a high-band signal energy of the first CN frame; or selecting high-band signals of N speech frames with a high-band signal energy smaller than a preset threshold from speech frames within a preset period of time before the SID; and obtaining, according to a weighted average energy of the high-band signals of the N speech frames, the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID, where the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID is a high-band signal energy of the first CN frame.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the obtaining a synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to the SID includes distributing M Immittance Spectral Frequency (ISF) coefficients or ISP coefficients or Line Spectral Frequency (LSF) coefficients or Line Spectral Pair (LSP) coefficients in a frequency range corresponding to a high-band signal; performing randomization processing on the M coefficients, where a feature of the randomization is: causing each coefficient among the M coefficients to gradually approach a target value corresponding to each coefficient, where the target value is a value in a preset range adjacent to a coefficient value, and the target value of each coefficient among the M coefficients changes after every N frames, where both the M and the N are natural numbers; and obtaining, according to the filter coefficients obtained by randomization processing, the synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the obtaining a synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to the SID includes obtaining M ISF coefficients or ISP coefficients or LSF coefficients or LSP coefficients of a locally buffered noise high-band signal; performing randomization processing on the M coefficients, where a feature of the randomization is: causing each coefficient among the M coefficients to gradually approach a target value corresponding to each coefficient, where the target value is a value in a preset range adjacent to a coefficient value, and the target value of each coefficient among the M coefficients changes after every N frames; and obtaining, according to the filter coefficients obtained by randomization processing, the synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID.
Optionally, in this embodiment, before the obtaining a first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter, the method further includes, when history frames adjacent to the SID are encoded speech frames, if an average energy of high-band signals or a part of high-band signals that are decoded from the encoded speech frames is smaller than an average energy of noise high-band signals or a part of the noise high-band signals that are generated locally, multiplying noise high-band signals of subsequent L frames starting from the SID by a smoothing factor smaller than 1, to obtain a new weighted average energy of the locally generated noise high-band signals; and correspondingly, the obtaining a first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter includes: obtaining a fourth CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding, the synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID, and the new weighted average energy of the locally generated noise high-band signals.
The method embodiment provided by the present disclosure brings the following beneficial effects: a decoder obtains a SID, and determines whether the SID includes a low-band parameter and/or a high-band parameter; if the SID includes the low-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise low-band parameter, locally generates a noise high-band parameter, and obtains a first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter; if the SID includes the high-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter, locally generates a noise low-band parameter, and obtains a second CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise low-band parameter; and if the SID includes the high-band parameter and the low-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter and a noise low-band parameter, and obtains a third CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding. In this way, different processing manners are used for the high-band signal and the low-band signal, calculation complexity may be reduced and encoded bits may be saved under a premise of not lowering subjective quality of a codec, and bits that are saved help to achieve an objective of reducing a transmission bandwidth or improving overall encoding quality, thereby solving a super-wideband encoding and transmission problem.
Embodiment 3
This embodiment provides a method for processing audio data. At an encoding end, regardless of a low-band CNG noise spectrum or a high-band CNG noise spectrum, generally, a harmonic structure is lost, and therefore, in a CNG high-band signal, what is perceptually effective on hearing is mainly an energy of the CNG high-band signal, and not a spectral structure of the CNG high-band signal. Therefore, in DTX transmission of a super-wideband signal, in many cases, it is unnecessary to transmit a high-band signal spectrum in a SID; instead, a proper method may be used to construct a high-band spectrum locally at a decoding end. The locally constructed high-band spectrum will not cause an obvious perceptual distortion. In this way, calculation loads and bits for calculating and encoding the high-band spectrum are saved at the encoding end. However, for other noise signals, a harmonic structure may exist in a high-band signal thereof, and constructing a high-band spectrum locally at the decoding end alone may cause a problem of perceptual quality deterioration in switching between a CNG segment and a speech segment. Therefore, for such noise, a spectral parameter needs to be transmitted in a SID. It can be seen that a DTX/CNG system that takes both efficiency and quality into account should be capable of adaptively selecting to encode or selecting not to encode a high-band spectral parameter in a SID at the encoding end according to a high-band feature of background noise, and reconstructing a CNG frame at the decoding end by using different decoding methods according to different types of SIDs. In this embodiment, a method for processing audio data is provided and includes the following: a noise high-band spectrum is analyzed and classified; a decoder blindly constructs a high-band signal spectrum; when a SID does not include a high-band energy parameter, the decoder estimates a high-band signal energy; and the decoder switches between different CNG modules, and so on. Referring to FIG. 3, specifically, a method for processing audio data at an encoder end according to this embodiment includes:
301. An encoder obtains a noise frame of an audio signal, and decomposes the noise frame into a noise low-band signal and a noise high-band signal.
In this embodiment, because of different encoding rules of the encoder, the encoder obtains a noise frame of an audio signal, and the noise frame may be a current noise frame, or may be a noise frame buffered at the encoder end, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment. In this embodiment, super-wideband input audio signals sampled at 32 kiloHertz (kHz) are used as an example. The encoder first performs framing processing on the input audio signals, for example, 20 milliseconds (ms) (or 640 sampling points) is used as a frame. For the current frame (in this embodiment, the current frame refers to a current frame to be encoded), the encoder first performs high-pass filtering. Generally, a passband refers to frequencies higher than 50 Hertz (Hz). The high-pass filtered current frame is decomposed into a low-band signal s0 and a high-band signal s1 by a quadrature mirror filter (QMF) analysis filter. The low-band signal s0 is sampled at 16 kHz, and represents a 0-8 kHz spectrum of the current frame. The high-band signal s1 is also sampled at 16 kHz, and represents an 8-16 kHz spectrum of the current frame. When a Voice Activity Detector (VAD) indicates that the current frame is a foreground signal frame, that is, a speech signal frame, the encoder performs speech encoding on the current frame. In this embodiment, that the encoder encodes the encoded speech frame pertains to the scope of the prior art, and details are not repeatedly described in this embodiment. The VAD indicates that the encoder enters a DTX working state when the current frame is a noise frame. In this embodiment, the noise frame refers to either a background noise frame or a silence frame.
In this embodiment, in the DTX working state, a DTX controller decides, according to a SID sending policy, whether to encode and send a SID of the low-band signal of the current frame. In this embodiment, the policy for sending a SID of a low-band signal is as follows: (1) sending a SID in a first noise frame after an encoded speech frame, and setting a SID sending flag flagSID to 1; (2) in a noise period, sending a SID frame in an Nth frame after each SID frame, and setting flagSID to 1 in the frame, where N is an integer greater than 1 and is externally input to the encoder; and (3) in the noise period, sending no SID in other frames, and setting flagSID to 0. In this embodiment, the policy for sending a SID of a low-band signal is similar to that of the prior art, and is not described in detail in the present disclosure.
302. Determine whether the high-band signal of the current noise frame satisfies a preset encoding and transmission condition; if yes, perform step 304; if not, perform step 303.
In this embodiment, the determining whether the high-band signal of the current noise frame satisfies a preset encoding and transmission condition includes determining whether the noise high-band signal has a preset spectral structure; if yes, and a sending condition of a policy for sending the second SID is satisfied, encoding a SID of the noise high-band signal by using the policy for encoding the second SID, and sending the SID; and if not, determining that the noise high-band signal does not need to be encoded and transmitted. The determining whether the noise high-band signal has a preset spectral structure includes obtaining a spectrum of the noise high-band signal, dividing the spectrum into at least two sub-bands, and if an average energy of any first sub-band in the sub-bands is not smaller than an average energy of a second sub-band in the sub-bands, where a frequency band in which the second sub-band is located is higher than a frequency band in which the first sub-band is located, determining that the noise high-band signal has no preset spectral structure; otherwise, determining that the noise high-band signal has a preset spectral structure.
In this embodiment, in the DTX working state, the encoder performs spectral analysis on the high-band signal s1 of the current noise frame to determine whether s1 has an apparent spectral structure, that is, a preset spectral structure. A specific method in this embodiment is as follows: down sampling to 12.8 kHz is performed on s1, and 256-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is performed on the down-sampled signal to obtain a spectrum C(i), where i=0, . . . 127. C(i) is divided into four sub-bands of an equal width, and an energy E(i) of each sub-band is calculated. Each sub-band is any first sub-band mentioned above.




  
    
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          ⁡
          
            (
            i
            )
          
        
      
      ⁢
      
        C
        ⁡
        
          (
          i
          )
        
      
    
  
  ,




where i=0, . . . 3, l(i) and h(i) respectively represent an upper boundary and a lower boundary of the ith sub-band, l(i)={0, 32, 64, 96}, and h(i)={31, 63, 95, 127}. Whether the following condition is satisfied is checked:

E(i)≧∀E(j) j>i  (1)

where, E(j) is the second sub-band mentioned above. If the foregoing formula (1) is satisfied, that is, if the energy of any first sub-band in the sub-bands is not smaller than the energy of the second sub-band in the sub-bands, it is considered that the high-band signal does not have an apparent spectral structure; otherwise, the high-band signal has an apparent spectral structure. If the high-band signal has an apparent spectral structure, a DTX policy is sending a high-band parameter. In this embodiment, if a high-band parameter sending flag flaghb is not 1, flaghb=1 is set next time when flagSID=1; otherwise, flaghb=0.

In this embodiment, when the SID sending condition is satisfied, whether it is necessary to encode and transmit the high-band signal of the current noise frame may be determined by using the spectral structure of the high-band signal of the current noise frame, and the determining whether the noise high-band signal has a preset spectral structure and whether the noise low-band signal satisfies the SID sending condition is used as a first determining condition. Optionally, in this embodiment, the determining whether the high-band signal of the current noise frame satisfies a preset encoding and sending condition includes generating a deviation according to a first ratio and a second ratio, where the first ratio is a ratio of an energy of the noise high-band signal to an energy of the noise low-band signal of the noise frame, and the second ratio is a ratio of an energy of a noise high-band signal to an energy of a noise low-band signal at a moment when a SID including a noise high-band parameter is sent last time before the noise frame; and determining whether the deviation reaches a preset threshold; if yes, encoding a SID of the noise high-band signal by using the policy for encoding the second SID, and sending the SID; and if not, determining that the noise high-band signal does not need to be encoded and transmitted. Optionally, that the first ratio is a ratio of an energy of the noise high-band signal to an energy of the noise low-band signal of the noise frame includes that the first ratio is a ratio of an instant energy of the noise high-band signal to an instant energy of the noise low-band signal of the noise frame; and correspondingly, that the second ratio is a ratio of an energy of a noise high-band signal to an energy of a noise low-band signal at a moment when a SID including a noise high-band parameter is sent last time before the noise frame includes that the second ratio is a ratio of an instant energy of the noise high-band signal to an instant energy of the noise low-band signal at the moment when the SID including the noise high-band parameter is sent last time before the noise frame. Alternatively, that the first ratio is a ratio of an energy of the noise high-band signal to an energy of the noise low-band signal of the noise frame includes that: the first ratio is a ratio of a weighted average energy of noise high-band signals of the noise frame and a noise frame prior to the noise frame to a weighted average energy of noise low-band signals of the noise frame and the noise frame prior to the noise frame; and correspondingly, that the second ratio is a ratio of an energy of a noise high-band signal to an energy of a noise low-band signal at a moment when a SID including a noise high-band parameter is sent last time before the noise frame includes that the second ratio is a ratio of a weighted average energy of high-band signals to a weighted average energy of low-band signals of a noise frame and a noise frame prior to the noise frame at the moment when the SID including the noise high-band parameter is sent last time before the noise frame. In this embodiment, preferably, the generating a deviation according to a first ratio and a second ratio includes separately calculating a logarithmic value of the first ratio and a logarithmic value of the second ratio; and calculating an absolute value of a difference between the logarithmic value of the first ratio and the logarithmic value of the second ratio, to obtain the deviation.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the determining whether the deviation reaches a preset threshold may be implemented in the following manner.
In the DTX working state, the encoder separately calculates logarithmic energies e1 and e0 of the high-band signal s1 and low-band signal s0 of the current frame.

ex=10·log10(Σsx(i)2) x=0,1 i=0,1, . . . , 319  (2)

Long-term moving averages e1a and e0a of e1 and e0 at the encoding end are updated:

exa=exa(−1)+α·sign[exa−exa(−1)]·MIN└|exa−exa(−1)|,3┘ x=0,1  (3)

where, sign[•] represents a sign function, MIN[•] represents a minimum function, |•| represents an absolute value function, form x(−1) represents a value of a previous frame x, and α=0.1 is a forgetting factor that decides whether an updating speed is high or low. The previous frame is the SID that is sent last time before the current noise frame and includes the noise high-band parameter. In this embodiment, an update magnitude of e1a and e0a is limited. If an energy variation between ex of the current noise frame and exa of the previous frame is greater than 3 decibels (dB), exa of the current frame is updated by 3 dB. When the encoder enters the DTX working state for the first time, exa is initialized as ex of the current frame. The encoder checks whether a deviation between the ratio (namely, the first ratio) of the energy of the high-band signal to the energy of the low-band signal of the current noise frame and the ratio (the second ratio) of the energy of the high band to the energy of the low band at the moment when the SID including the high-band parameter is sent last time reaches an extent, that is, checks whether the following condition is satisfied:

|(e0a−e1a)−(e0a−−e1a−)|>4.5  (4)

where, e0a−, and e1a− respectively represent a high-band logarithmic energy and a low-band logarithmic energy at the moment when the SID frame including the high-band parameter is sent last time. If the foregoing formula (4) is satisfied, the noise high-band signal needs to be encoded and transmitted. If the high-band parameter sending flag flaghb=0, flaghb=1 is set.

In this embodiment, long-term moving averaging is one type of weighted average calculation, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the determining whether the deviation reaches a preset threshold may be used as a second determining condition. In a specific implementation process, to determine whether the noise high-band signal needs to be encoded and transmitted, either the first determining condition or the second determining condition just needs to be determined, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the second determining condition is optional. A purpose of performing this step is to assist a decoding end in locally estimating the energy of the high-band noise according to the energy of the noise low band and the ratio of the energy of the noise high band to the energy of the noise low band at the moment when the SID including the high-band parameter is sent last time. Specifically, if the deviation is not calculated at the encoding end, a speech frame with a minimum high-band signal energy may be obtained at the decoding end from speech frames within a period of time before the current noise frame, and the energy of the current high-band noise is estimated locally according to an energy of a high-band signal of the speech frame with the minimum high-band signal energy among the speech frames within the period of time before the current noise frame. For example, the energy of the high-band signal of the speech frame with the minimum high-band signal energy among the speech frames within the period of time before the current noise frame is selected as the energy of the current high-band noise. Alternatively, high-band signals of N speech frames with a high-band signal energy smaller than a preset threshold are selected from speech frames within a preset period of time before the SID; and the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID is obtained according to a weighted average energy of the high-band signals of the N speech frames. Specifically, no limitation is set in this embodiment.
303. Transmit the noise low-band signal by using a first discontinuous transmission mechanism.
In this embodiment, preferably, the transmitting the noise low-band signal by using a first discontinuous transmission mechanism includes, in the DTX working state, the encoder performs 16th-order linear prediction analysis on the low-band signal s0 of the current noise frame, and obtains 16 LPCs lpc(i), where i=0, 1, . . . , 15. The LPCs are transformed to ISP coefficients to obtain 16 ISP coefficients isp(i), where i=0, 1, . . . , 15, and the ISP coefficients are buffered. If a SID is encoded in the current frame, that is, flagSID=1, a median ISP coefficient is searched in buffered ISP coefficients of N history frames including the current frame. A method is as follows: first, calculate a distance 6 from an ISP coefficient of each frame to an ISP coefficient of another frame:




  
    
      
        
          
            δ
            k
          
          =
          
            
              ∑
              
                j
                =
                0
              
              
                
                  -
                  N
                
                +
                1
              
            
            ⁢
            
              
                ∑
                
                  i
                  =
                  0
                
                15
              
              ⁢
              
                
                  (
                  
                    
                      
                        lsp
                        
                          (
                          k
                          )
                        
                      
                      ⁡
                      
                        (
                        i
                        )
                      
                    
                    -
                    
                      
                        lsp
                        
                          (
                          j
                          )
                        
                      
                      ⁡
                      
                        (
                        i
                        )
                      
                    
                  
                  )
                
                2
              
            
          
        
        ⁢
        
          

        
        ⁢
        
          
            j
            ≠
            k
          
          ,
          
            k
            =
            0
          
          ,
          
            -
            1
          
          ,
          ...
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ,
          
            
              
                -
                N
              
              +
              1
            
            ;
          
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        5
        )
      
    
  




then, select an ISP coefficient of a frame with the smallest δ as an ISP coefficient ispSID(i) to be encoded, where i=0, . . . , 15; transform ispSID(i) to an ISF coefficient isfSID(i), quantize the isfSID(i), obtain and encapsulate a group of quantized indexes idxISF into the SID; locally decode the idxISF; obtain a decoded ISF coefficient isf′(i), where i=0, . . . , 15; transform isf′(i) to an ISP coefficient isp′(i), where i=0, . . . , 15, buffer the isp′(i); for each noise frame, update a long-term moving average of the decoded ISP coefficients of the encoding end by using the buffered isp′(i):

ispa(i)=α·ispa(−1)(i)+(1−α)·isp′(i) i=0,1, . . . 15  (6)

where, preferably, α=0.9, and ispa(i) is initialized as isp′(i) of a first SID; transform ispa(i) to an LPC lpca(i), obtain an analysis filter A(Z); filter the low-band signal s0 of each noise frame by the A(Z) to obtain a residual signal r(i), where i=0, 1, . . . 319, and calculate a logarithmic residual energy er:





  
    
      
        
          
            e
            r
          
          =
          
            
              
                
                  log
                  2
                
                ⁡
                
                  (
                  
                    
                      ∑
                      
                        i
                        =
                        0
                      
                      319
                    
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                        r
                        ⁡
                        
                          (
                          i
                          )
                        
                      
                      2
                    
                  
                  )
                
              
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              i
            
            =
            0
          
        
        ,
        1
        ,
        
          ...
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          319
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        7
        )
      
    
  




In this embodiment, er is buffered. When the flagSID of the current noise frame is 1, a weighted average logarithmic energy eSID is calculated according to buffered er of M history frames including the current noise frame:




  
    
      e
      SID
    
    =
    
      
        
          
            ∑
            
              k
              =
              0
            
            
              
                -
                M
              
              +
              1
            
          
          ⁢
          
            
              
                w
                1
              
              ⁡
              
                (
                k
                )
              
            
            ·
            
              e
              r
              
                (
                k
                )
              
            
          
        
        
          
            ∑
            
              k
              =
              0
            
            
              
                -
                M
              
              +
              1
            
          
          ⁢
          
            
              w
              1
            
            ⁡
            
              (
              k
              )
            
          
        
      
      -
      1.5
    
  
  ,




where w1(k) is a group of M-dimensional positive coefficients, and a sum thereof is smaller than 1. eSID is quantized, and a quantized index idxe is obtained.

In this embodiment, in the DTX working state, when flagSID=1, if flaghb=0, only a low-band parameter is encoded and sent in a SID frame, and in this case, the SID frame is formed of the idxISF and idxe, and is referred to as a small SID frame for convenience.
In this embodiment, the policy for encoding and transmitting a noise low-band signal is similar to a policy for encoding and transmitting a noise wideband signal in the prior art. Only a brief introduction is provided in this embodiment. The specific implementation process is not described in detail in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the noise high-band signal of the current noise frame does not need to be encoded, and only the noise low-band signal is encoded. Therefore, a calculation load is reduced at the encoding end, and transmission bits are saved.
304. Transmit the noise low-band signal by using a first discontinuous transmission mechanism, and transmit the noise high-band signal by using a second discontinuous transmission mechanism.
In this embodiment, if flaghb=1, in addition that a low-band parameter needs to be encoded, a high-band parameter also needs to be encoded in a SID. The encoding of a low-band parameter of low-band noise is the same as the encoding mode in step 303, and details are not repeatedly described in this embodiment. In this embodiment, preferably, the method for encoding a high-band parameter is as follows: only when the encoder is in the DTX working state and flagSIF=1, the encoder performs 10th-order linear prediction analysis on the high-band signal s1 of the current frame, and obtains 10 linear prediction coefficients lpc(i), where i=0, 1, . . . , 9. lpc(i) is weighted:

lpcw(i)=w2(i)·lpc(i) i=0,1, . . . 9  (8)

and a weighted LPC lpcw(i) is obtained, where w2(i) represents a group of 9-dimensional weighting factors that are smaller than or equal to 1. lpcw(i) is transformed to an LSP coefficient to obtain 10 LSP coefficients lspw(i), where i=0, 1, . . . , 9, and a long-term moving average of lspw(i) of the encoding end is updated according to lspw (i).

lspa(i)=α·lspa(−1)(i)+(1−α)·lspw(i) i=0,1, . . . 9  (9)

where, preferably, α=0.9, and lspa(i) is initialized as lspw (i) of the current frame every time when flaghb changes from 0 to 1. When the SID needs to include high-band parameters, lspa (i) is quantized, and a group of quantized indexes idxLSP is obtained. A long-term moving average e1a of logarithmic energies of the high-band signals at the encoding end is quantized, and a quantized index idxE is obtained. In this case, the SID is formed of the idxISF, idxe, idxLSP, and idxE. In this embodiment, the SID formed of the idxISF, idxe, idxLSP, and idxE is referred to as a large SID.

Optionally, lspa (i) may also be updated continuously in the DTX working state. That is, no matter whether the value of flaghb is 1 or 0, lspa (i) is updated. Specifically, the method for updating lspa (i) when flaghb=0 is the same as the foregoing method when flaghb=1, and details are not repeatedly described in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, a principle of the policy for encoding a noise high-band signal is similar to that of the policy for encoding a noise low-band signal. Only a brief introduction is provided in this embodiment. The specific implementation process is not described in detail in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, when the condition for encoding and transmitting a noise high-band signal is satisfied, the encoding and transmission of the noise high-band signal are always performed simultaneously with the encoding and transmission of a noise low-band signal. However, optionally, the encoding and transmission of the noise high-band signal may also not be performed simultaneously with the encoding and transmission of the noise low-band signal. That is, when the SID is sent, three possible cases may exist: (1) only the low-band signal of the current noise frame is encoded and transmitted; (2) only the high-band signal of the current noise frame is encoded and transmitted; and (3) the low-band signal and the high-band signal of the current noise frame are encoded and transmitted simultaneously, and in this case, the sending condition in the policy for sending the second SID of the second discontinuous transmission mechanism further includes the first discontinuous transmission mechanism satisfying the first SID sending condition. The three cases of sending the SID are not specifically limited in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, steps 302 to 304 are specifically steps of encoding and transmitting the noise low-band signal by using the first discontinuous transmission mechanism, and encoding and transmitting the noise high-band signal by using the second discontinuous transmission mechanism, where a policy for sending a first SID of the first discontinuous transmission mechanism is different from a policy for sending a second SID of the second discontinuous transmission mechanism, or a policy for encoding a first SID of the first discontinuous transmission mechanism is different from a policy for encoding a second SID of the second discontinuous transmission mechanism.
The method embodiment provided by the present disclosure brings the following beneficial effects: a current noise frame of an audio signal is obtained, and the current noise frame is decomposed into a noise low-band signal and a noise high-band signal; then the noise low-band signal is encoded and transmitted by using a first discontinuous transmission mechanism, and the noise high-band signal is encoded and transmitted by using a second discontinuous transmission mechanism. In this way, different processing manners are used for the high-band signal and the low-band signal, calculation complexity may be reduced and encoded bits may be saved under a premise of not lowering subjective quality of a codec, and bits that are saved help to achieve an objective of reducing a transmission bandwidth or improving overall encoding quality, thereby solving a super-wideband encoding and transmission problem.
Embodiment 4
This embodiment provides a method for processing audio data. In comparison with processing of a noise signal at an encoder end, a decoder end may determine, according to a received bit stream, whether a current frame is an encoded speech frame or a SID or a NO_DATA frame. The NO_DATA frame is a frame indicating that the encoding end does not encode and send a SID in a noise period. When the current frame is a SID, the decoder may further determine, according to the number of bits of the SID, whether the SID includes a low-band and/or high-band parameter. Optionally, the decoder may also determine, according to a specific identifier inserted in the SID, whether the SID includes a low-band and/or high-band parameter. This requires that an additional identifier bit should be added when the SID is encoded. For example, when a first identifier is inserted in the SID, it identifies that the SID includes only a high-band parameter; when a second identifier is inserted, it identifies that the SID includes only a low-band parameter, and when a third identifier is inserted, it identifies that the SID includes a high-band parameter and a low-band parameter. If the current frame is an encoded speech frame, the decoder decodes the speech frame. The specific processing process is similar to that of the prior art, and is not described in detail in this embodiment. When the current frame is a SID or a NO_DATA frame, the decoder selects, according to a specific working state of CNG, a corresponding method to reconstruct a CN frame. In this embodiment, the CNG has two working states: a half-decoding CNG state corresponding to a small SID frame, namely, a first CNG state, and a full-decoding CNG state corresponding to a large SID frame, namely, a second CNG state. In the full-decoding CNG state, the decoder reconstructs a CN frame according to a noise high-band parameter and a noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding a large SID frame. In the half-decoding CNG state, the decoder reconstructs a CN frame according to a noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding a small SID frame and a locally estimated noise high-band parameter. When the current frame at the decoding end is a large SID frame, if a CNG working state flag flagCNG is 0 (indicating the half-decoding CNG state), the CNG working state flag flagCNG is set to 1 (indicating the full-decoding CNG state); otherwise, the original state remains unchanged. Similarly, when the current frame at the decoding end is a small SID frame, if the CNG working state flag flagCNG is 1, the CNG working state flag flagCNG is set to 0; otherwise, the original state remains unchanged. Referring to FIG. 4, specifically this embodiment provides a method for processing audio data at a decoder end, where the method includes the following steps.
401. A decoder obtains a SID, and if the SID includes a high-band parameter and a low-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter and a noise low-band parameter, and obtains a third CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding.
In this embodiment, after receiving an encoded speech frame sent by an encoder end, the decoder end first determines the type of the speech frame, so that different decoding manners are correspondingly used according to different types of speech frames. Specifically, if the number of bits of the SID is smaller than a preset first threshold, it is determined that the SID includes the high-band parameter; if the number of bits of the SID is greater than a preset first threshold and smaller than a preset second threshold, it is determined that the SID includes the low-band parameter; and if the number of bits of the SID is greater than a preset second threshold and smaller than a preset third threshold, it is determined that the SID includes the high-band parameter and the low-band parameter. Alternatively, if the SID includes a first identifier, it is determined that the SID includes the high-band parameter; if the SID includes a second identifier, it is determined that the SID includes the low-band parameter; or if the SID includes a third identifier, it is determined that the SID includes the low-band parameter and the high-band parameter.
In this embodiment, if the SID includes the high-band parameter and the low-band parameter, the SID is decoded to obtain the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter, and the third CN frame is obtained according to the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding. Specifically, the decoder decodes the SID to obtain a decoded low-band excitation logarithmic energy eD, a low-band ISF coefficient isfd(i), a high-band logarithmic energy ED, and a high-band LSP coefficient lspd(i). isfd(i) is transformed an ISP coefficient ispd(i), and eD and ED are transformed to energies ed and Ed, where Ed=100.1·ED and ed=2eD, and then ispd(i), ed, lspd(i), and Ed are buffered.
In this embodiment, when the decoder is in the CNG working state and flagCNG=1, no matter whether the current frame is a SID or a NO_DATA frame, the buffered ispd(i), ed, lspd(i), and Ed are used to update a long-term moving average of each of the buffered ispd(i), ed, lspd(i), and Ed at the decoding end:

ispCN(i)=α·ispCN(−1)(i)+(1−α)·ispd(i) i=0,1, . . . 15

lspCN(i)=β·lspCN(−1)(i)+(1−β)·lspd(i) i=0,1, . . . 9

eCN=β·eCN(−1)+(1−β)·ed 

ECN=β·ECN(−1)+(1−β)·Ed  (10)

where, α=0.9, and β=0.7. ECN is buffered to a high-band energy buffer E1old. A random small energy is added on the basis of eCN, and a final excitation energy e′CN used to reconstruct a low-band noise signal is obtained: e′CN=(1+0.000011·RND·eCN)·eCN, where RND represents a random number within a range of [−32767, 32767]. In this embodiment, a 320-point white noise sequence exc0(i) is generated, where i=0, 1, . . . 319. e′CN is used to perform gain adjustment on exc0(i) to obtain exc′0(i), that is, exc0(i) is multiplied by a gain coefficient G0, so that the energy of exc′0(i) is equal to e′CN, where





  
    G
    0
  
  =
  
    
      
        
          e
          CN
          ′
        
        
          
            ∑
            
              i
              =
              0
            
            319
          
          ⁢
          
            
              exc
              0
            
            ⁡
            
              (
              i
              )
            
          
        
      
      2
    
    .
  




ispCN(i) is transformed to an LPC to obtain a synthesis filter 1/A0(Z), the gain-adjusted excitation exc′0(i) is used to excite the filter 1/A(Z) to obtain a low-band CN signal s′0 that is reconstructed at the decoding end and sampled at 16 kHz, and an energy of s′0 is calculated and buffered to a low-band energy buffer E0old.

In this embodiment, the processing of a noise high-band signal at the decoding end is similar to the processing of a noise low-band signal. Another 320-point white noise sequence exc1(i) is generated, where i=0, 1, . . . 319, lspCN(i) is transformed to an LPC to obtain a synthesis filter 1/A1(Z), and exc1(i) is used to excite the filter 1/A1(Z) to obtain a gain-unadjusted high-band CN signal s ̃1(i). s ̃1(i) is multiplied by gain coefficients G1 and G2, where G2=0.8, and a high-band CN signal s′1 that is reconstructed at the decoding end and sampled at 16 kHz is obtained, where,




  
    G
    1
  
  =
  
    
      
        
          E
          CN
        
        
          
            ∑
            
              i
              =
              0
            
            319
          
          ⁢
          
            
              s
              1
              ∼
            
            ⁡
            
              (
              i
              )
            
          
        
      
      2
    
    .
  




In this embodiment, the purpose of G2 is to perform energy suppression on the reconstructed noise signal to some extent.

In this embodiment, at the decoder end, s′0 and s′1 are passed through a QMF synthesis filter, and finally a first CN frame that is reconstructed by the decoder and sampled at 32 kHz is obtained.
402. If the SID includes the low-band parameter, decode the SID to obtain a noise low-band parameter, locally generate a noise high-band parameter, and obtain a first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter.
In this embodiment, when the decoder is in the CNG working state and flagCNG=0, no matter whether the current frame is a SID or a NO_DATA frame, a low-band CN signal s′0 that is reconstructed at the decoding end and sampled at 16 kHz is obtained according to the same method that is used when flagCNG=1, namely, the method in step 402, which is not further described in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, a high-band signal of the first CN frame is obtained still by using the method of exciting a synthesis filter by using white noise, except that an energy of the high-band signal of the first CN frame and a synthesis filter coefficient are obtained by performing estimation locally. In this embodiment, the locally generating a noise high-band parameter includes: separately obtaining a weighted average energy of a noise high-band signal and a synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to the SID; and obtaining the noise high-band signal according to the obtained weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal and the obtained synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID.
In this embodiment, preferably, the obtaining a weighted average energy of a noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to the SID includes obtaining an energy of a low-band signal of the first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding; calculating a ratio of an energy of a noise high-band signal to an energy of a noise low-band signal at a moment when a SID including a high-band parameter is received before the SID, to obtain a first ratio; obtaining, according to the energy of the low-band signal of the first CN frame and the first ratio, an energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID; and performing weighted averaging on the energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID and an energy of a high-band signal of a locally buffered CN frame, to obtain the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID, where the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID is a high-band signal energy of the first CN frame. Optionally, the calculating a ratio of an energy of a noise high-band signal to an energy of a noise low-band signal at a moment when a SID including a high-band parameter is received before the SID, to obtain a first ratio, includes: calculating a ratio of an instant energy of the noise high-band signal to an instant energy of the noise low-band signal at the moment when the SID including the high-band parameter is received before the SID, to obtain the first ratio; or calculating a ratio of a weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal to a weighted average energy of the noise low-band signal at the moment when the SID including the high-band parameter is received before the SID, to obtain the first ratio. The instant energy is the energy obtained by decoding. When the energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID is greater than an energy of a high-band signal of a previous CN frame that is locally buffered, the energy of the high-band signal of the previous CN frame that is locally buffered is updated at a first rate; otherwise, the energy of the high-band signal of the previous CN frame that is locally buffered is updated at a second rate, where the first rate is greater than the second rate.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the obtaining a weighted average energy of a noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to the SID may be implemented by using the following method: obtaining an energy E0 of the low-band signal of the first CN frame s′0 according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding; estimating, according to the energy E1old of the high-band signal and E0old of the low-band signal of the previous CN frame in the full-decoding CNG state and E0, an energy E ̃1 of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID, where




  
    
      E
      1
      ∼
    
    =
    
      
        (
        
          
            E
            
              1
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              old
            
          
          
            E
            
              0
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              old
            
          
        
        )
      
      ·
      
        E
        0
      
    
  
  ;




and updating a long-term moving average ECN of high-band CN signal energies at the decoding end by using E ̃1: ECN=λ·ECN(−1)+(1−λ)·E1 ̃, where a coefficient λ is a variable, when E ̃1> ECN, λ=0.98; otherwise, λ=0.9, where λ=0.98 is a first rate, and λ=0.9 is a second rate.

In this embodiment, if a deviation is not calculated at the encoding end, optionally, the obtaining a weighted average energy of a noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to the SID includes selecting a high-band signal of a speech frame with a minimum high-band signal energy from speech frames within a preset period of time before the SID; and obtaining, according to an energy of the high-band signal of the speech frame with the minimum high-band signal energy among the speech frames, the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID; or selecting high-band signals of N speech frames with a high-band signal energy smaller than a preset threshold from speech frames within a preset period of time before the SID; and obtaining, according to a weighted average energy of the high-band signals of the N speech frames, the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID, where the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID is a high-band signal energy of the first CN frame.
In this embodiment, preferably, the obtaining a synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to the SID includes distributing M ISF coefficients or ISP coefficients or LSF coefficients or LSP coefficients in a frequency range corresponding to a high-band signal; performing randomization processing on the M coefficients, where a feature of the randomization is causing each coefficient among the M coefficients to gradually approach a target value corresponding to each coefficient, where the target value is a value in a preset range adjacent to a coefficient value, the target value of each coefficient among the M coefficients changes after every N frames, and N may be a variable; and obtaining, according to the filter coefficients obtained by randomization processing, the synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the obtaining a synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to the SID may be implemented by using the following method.
Nine ISF coefficients isfext(i) are evenly distributed in a frequency band of −16 kHz corresponding to low-band ISF coefficients isfd(14), where i=0, 1, . . . 8:

isfext(i)=isfd(14)+0.1·(i+1)·(16000−isfd(14)) i=0,1, . . . 8  (11)

isfext(i) is transformed to a frequency band of 0-8 kHz, and isf′ext(i) is obtained:

isf′ext(i)=isfext(i)−8000 i=0,1, . . . 8  (12)

isf′ext(i) is randomized by using a group of 9-dimensional randomization factors R(i), where i=0, 1, . . . 8, and a randomized ISF coefficient isf1(i) is obtained:

isf1(i)=R(i)·(isf′ext(1)−isf′ext(0))+isf′ext(i) i=0,1, . . . 8  (13)

where, R(i) is obtained according to the following formula (14):

R(i)=α·R(−1)(i)+(1−α)·Rt(i) i=0,1, . . . 8  (14)

where, α=0.8, and Rt(i) is referred to as a target randomization factor, and obtained according to the following formula:





  
    
      
        
          
            R
            t
          
          ⁡
          
            (
            i
            )
          
        
        =
        
          {
          
            
              
                
                  
                    
                      
                        1
                        +
                        
                          0.1
                          ·
                          
                            RND
                            ⁡
                            
                              (
                              i
                              )
                            
                          
                        
                      
                    
                    
                      
                        
                          mod
                          ⁢
                          
                            
                          
                          ⁢
                          
                            (
                            
                              cnt
                              ,
                              10
                            
                            )
                          
                        
                        =
                        0
                      
                    
                  
                  
                    
                      
                        
                          R
                          t
                          
                            (
                            
                              -
                              1
                            
                            )
                          
                        
                        ⁡
                        
                          (
                          i
                          )
                        
                      
                    
                    
                      
                        
                          mod
                          ⁢
                          
                            
                          
                          ⁢
                          
                            (
                            
                              cnt
                              ,
                              10
                            
                            )
                          
                        
                        ≠
                        0
                      
                    
                  
                
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ⁢
                i
              
              =
              0
            
            ,
            1
            ,
            
              ...
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              8
            
          
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        15
        )
      
    
  




In the foregoing formula (15), RND represents a group of 9-dimensional random number sequences, and random numbers in each dimension are different from each other and all fall within a range of [−1, 1]. cnt is a frame counter. In the CNG working state, when flagCNG=0, for each SID frame or NO_DATA frame, 1 is added to the counter. mod(cnt, 10) represents cnt mod 10. In another embodiment, when Rt(i) is calculated, 10 in mod(cnt, 10) may also be a variable, for example,




  
    
      
        
          
            R
            t
          
          ⁡
          
            (
            i
            )
          
        
        =
        
          {
          
            
              
                
                  
                    
                      
                        1
                        +
                        
                          0.1
                          ·
                          
                            RND
                            ⁡
                            
                              (
                              i
                              )
                            
                          
                        
                      
                    
                    
                      
                        
                          mod
                          ⁡
                          
                            (
                            
                              cnt
                              ,
                              N
                            
                            )
                          
                        
                        =
                        0
                      
                    
                  
                  
                    
                      
                        
                          R
                          t
                          
                            (
                            
                              -
                              1
                            
                            )
                          
                        
                        ⁡
                        
                          (
                          i
                          )
                        
                      
                    
                    
                      
                        
                          mod
                          ⁢
                          
                            
                          
                          ⁢
                          
                            (
                            
                              cnt
                              ,
                              N
                            
                            )
                          
                        
                        ≠
                        0
                      
                    
                  
                
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ⁢
                i
              
              =
              0
            
            ,
            1
            ,
            
              ...
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              8
            
          
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        16
        )
      
    
  
  
    
      
        N
        =
        
          {
          
            
              
                
                  10
                  +
                  
                    5
                    ·
                    RND
                  
                
              
              
                
                  
                    mod
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ⁢
                    
                      (
                      
                        cnt
                        ,
                        
                          N
                          
                            (
                            
                              -
                              1
                            
                            )
                          
                        
                      
                      )
                    
                  
                  =
                  0
                
              
            
            
              
                
                  N
                  
                    (
                    
                      -
                      1
                    
                    )
                  
                
              
              
                
                  
                    mod
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ⁢
                    
                      (
                      
                        cnt
                        ,
                        
                          N
                          
                            (
                            
                              -
                              1
                            
                            )
                          
                        
                      
                      )
                    
                  
                  ≠
                  0
                
              
            
          
        
      
    
    
      
        
      
    
  




where, RND represents a random number within a range of [−1, 1], which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

In this embodiment, a low-band ISF coefficient isfd(15) is used as isf1(9), and synthesized with a randomized ISF coefficient isf1(i), where i=0, 1, . . . 8, to form a 10th-order filter ISF coefficient, which is then transformed to an LPC lpc1(i), where i=0, 1, . . . 9. lpc1(i) is multiplied by a group of 10-dimensional weighting factors W(i)={0.6699, 0.5862, 0.5129, 0.4488, 0.3927, 0.3436, 0.3007, 0.2631, 0.2302, 0.2014}, and a weighted LPC lpc ̃1(i) is obtained, that is, a synthesis filter 1/A ̃1(Z) is estimated.
In this embodiment, a 320-point white noise sequence exc2(i) is generated, where i=0, 1, . . . 319, and exc2(i) is used to excite the filter 1/A ̃1(Z) to obtain a gain-unadjusted high-band CN signal s ̃1(i). s ̃1(i) is multiplied by gain coefficients G3 and G4, where G4=0.6, and a high-band CN signal that is reconstructed at the decoding end and sampled at 16 kHz is obtained, where




  
    G
    3
  
  =
  
    
      
        
          E
          CN
        
        
          
            ∑
            
              i
              =
              0
            
            319
          
          ⁢
          
            
              s
              1
              ∼
            
            ⁡
            
              (
              i
              )
            
          
        
      
      2
    
    .
  




If the current frame is a SID, it is necessary to transform lpc ̃1(i) to an LSP coefficient lsp ̃1(i), and use lsp ̃1(i) to update a long-term moving average of LSP coefficients of high-band signals of CN frames buffered at the decoding end:

lspCN=(i)=β·lspCN(−1)(i)+(1−β)·lsp1 ̃(i) i=0, 1, . . . 9  (17)

where, β=0.7.

In this embodiment, optionally, the obtaining a synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to the SID includes obtaining M ISF coefficients or ISP coefficients or LSF coefficients or LSP coefficients of a locally buffered noise high-band signal; performing randomization processing on the M coefficients, where a feature of the randomization is: causing each coefficient among the M coefficients to gradually approach a target value corresponding to each coefficient, where the target value is a value in a preset range adjacent to a coefficient value, and the target value of each coefficient among the M coefficients changes after every N frames; and obtaining, according to the filter coefficients obtained by randomization processing, the synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID. Specifically, no limitation is set in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, after the low-band parameter and high-band parameter are obtained, s′0 and s′1 are passed through a QMF synthesis filter, and finally a first CN frame that is reconstructed by the decoder and sampled at 32 kHz is obtained.
Further, in this embodiment, optionally, before the first CN frame is obtained according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter, the locally generated noise high-band parameter may be further optimized, so that comfort noise of a better effect can be obtained. A specific optimization step includes, when history frames adjacent to the SID are encoded speech frames, if an average energy of high-band signals or a part of high-band signals that are decoded from the encoded speech frames is smaller than an average energy of noise high-band signals or a part of the noise high-band signals that are generated locally, multiplying noise high-band signals of subsequent L frames starting from the SID by a smoothing factor smaller than 1, to obtain a new weighted average energy of the locally generated noise high-band signals; and correspondingly, the obtaining a first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter includes: obtaining a fourth CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding, the synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID, and the new weighted average energy of the locally generated noise high-band signals.
In this embodiment, when a frame before the current SID is an encoded speech frame, and an energy Esp of a high-band signal of the encoded speech frame is lower than an energy Es′1 of s′1, it is necessary to smooth energies of high-band signals of the current SID and subsequent several SIDs (50 frames in this embodiment). A specific smoothing method is: multiplying s′1 of the current frame by a gain Gs, to obtain smoothed s′1s.




  
    
      G
      s
    
    =
    
      
        1
        -
        
          0.02
          ·
          
            (
            
              50
              -
              cnt
            
            )
          
          ·
          
            (
            
              1
              -
              
                
                  E
                  
                    s
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ⁢
                    1
                  
                  
                    -
                    1
                  
                
                /
                
                  E
                  
                    
                      s
                      ′
                    
                    ⁢
                    1
                  
                
              
            
            )
          
        
      
      2
    
  
  ,




where, cnt is a frame counter, 1 is added to the counter for each frame starting from the first CN frame after the encoded speech frame, and Es1−1 is an energy of a smoothed high-band signal of a previous frame and is initialized as Esp when cnt=1. The smoothing process is performed on only up to 50 frames. In this period, if Es1− is greater than Es′1, the smoothing process is terminated. Optionally, Es1− and Es′1 may also represent energies of only a part of frames, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment. In this embodiment, s′0 and s′1 (or s′1s) are passed through a QMF synthesis filter, and finally a CN frame that is reconstructed by the decoder and sampled at 32 kHz is obtained.

403. If the SID includes the high-band parameter, decode the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter, locally generate a noise low-band parameter, and obtain a second CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise low-band parameter.
In this embodiment, if the SID includes the high-band parameter, the SID is decoded to obtain the high-band parameter, and a noise low-band parameter is generated locally, and a second CN frame is obtained according to the high-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise low-band parameter. The method for decoding the high-band parameter is the same as the method in step 401, and details are not repeatedly described in this embodiment. The method for locally generating the low-band parameter is the same as the method for locally generating a wideband parameter, and details are not repeatedly described in this embodiment.
The method embodiment provided by the present disclosure brings the following beneficial effects: a decoder obtains a SID, and determines whether the SID includes a low-band parameter and/or a high-band parameter; if the SID includes the low-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise low-band parameter, locally generates a noise high-band parameter, and obtains a first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter; if the SID includes the high-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter, locally generates a noise low-band parameter, and obtains a second CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise low-band parameter; and if the SID includes the high-band parameter and the low-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter and a noise low-band parameter, and obtains a third CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding. In this way, different processing manners are used for the high-band signal and the low-band signal, calculation complexity may be reduced and encoded bits may be saved under a premise of not lowering subjective quality of a codec, and bits that are saved help to achieve an objective of reducing a transmission bandwidth or improving overall encoding quality, thereby solving a super-wideband encoding and transmission problem. In addition, before the second CN frame is obtained according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter, the locally generated noise high-band parameter may be further optimized, so that comfort noise of a better effect can be obtained. Thereby, performance of the decoder is further optimized.
Embodiment 5
This embodiment provides a method for processing audio data. Same as in the method for processing audio data in Embodiment 2, an encoder end obtains a noise frame of an audio signal, and decomposes the noise frame into a noise low-band signal and a noise high-band signal. However, optionally, determining whether the high-band signal of the noise frame satisfies a preset encoding and transmission condition includes determining whether a spectral structure of the noise high-band signal of the noise frame, in comparison with an average spectral structure of noise high-band signals before the noise frame, satisfies a preset condition; if yes, encoding a SID of the noise high-band signal of the noise frame by using the policy for sending the second SID, and sending the SID; and if not, determining that the noise high-band signal of the noise frame does not need to be encoded and transmitted. The average spectral structure of the noise high-band signals before the noise frame includes a weighted average of spectrums of the noise high-band signals before the noise frame. In this embodiment, the determining whether a spectral structure of the noise high-band signal of the noise frame, in comparison with an average spectral structure of noise high-band signals before the noise frame, satisfies a preset condition, is used as a third condition for determining whether to encode and transmit the noise high-band signal.
In this embodiment, optionally, whether to encode and transmit the noise high-band signal may also be determined by using a second determining condition, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, DTX decides whether to encode and transmit a high-band parameter, that is, setting of flaghb may be decided by using the following conditions: (1) whether a third determining condition is satisfied; if yes, setting flaghb to 0; otherwise, setting flaghb to 1; and (2) whether the second determining condition is satisfied; if not, setting flaghb to 0; and if yes, setting flaghb to 1.
In this embodiment, a specific method for implementing the third determining condition may be as follows: the encoder obtains a 10th-order LSP coefficient lsp(i) of the noise high-band signal s1 of the current noise frame, where i=0, . . . 9, and optionally, the coefficient may also be an LSF or ISF or ISP coefficient, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment. The LSP or LSF or ISF or ISP coefficient is only a different representation manner in a different domain, but all represent a synthesis filter coefficient, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment. lsp(i) is used to update a moving average thereof:

lspa(i)=α·lspa(i)+(1−α)·lsp(i) i=0, . . . 9  (18)

where, lspa(i) is a long-term moving average of lsp(i). A spectral distortion between current lspa(i) and lspa(i) at a moment when a SID frame including a high-band parameter is sent last time is calculated:





  
    
      D
      lsp
    
    =
    
      
        ∑
        
          i
          =
          0
        
        9
      
      ⁢
      
        
          (
          
            
              
                lsp
                a
              
              ⁡
              
                (
                i
                )
              
            
            -
            
              lsp
              a
              -
            
          
          )
        
        2
      
    
  
  ,




where, Dlsp represents the spectral distortion, and lspa− represents lspa(i) at the moment when the SID frame including the high-band parameter is sent last time. If Dlsp is smaller than a certain threshold, flaghb=0 is set; otherwise, flaghb=1 is set.

In this embodiment, a working method for encoding the low-band parameter and/or the high-band parameter by the encoder when necessary is basically the same as the working method in Embodiment 3, and details are not repeatedly described in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, when a decoder is in a CNG working state and flagCNG=0, it is necessary to locally generate a noise high-band signal. The method for obtaining a weighted average energy of a noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to a SID is the same as the method in Embodiment 4, and details are not repeatedly described in this embodiment. However, in this embodiment, preferably, obtaining a synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to the SID includes obtaining M ISF coefficients or ISP coefficients or LSF coefficients or LSP coefficients of a locally buffered noise high-band signal; performing randomization processing on the M coefficients, where a feature of the randomization is causing each coefficient among the M coefficients to gradually approach a target value corresponding to each coefficient, where the target value is a value in a preset range adjacent to a coefficient value, and the target value of each coefficient among the M coefficients changes after every N frames; and obtaining, according to the filter coefficients obtained by randomization processing, the synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID. Specifically, the obtaining a synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to the SID may be implemented in the following manner:
Assuming lsp′(i)=lspCN(i), where i=0, . . . 9, lspCN(i) is a long-term moving average of LSP coefficients of high-band signals of CN frames that are locally buffered at the decoding end. Randomization processing is performed on lsp′(i) by using the same method in Embodiment 4, and lsp1(i) is obtained:




  
    
      
        {
        
          
            
              
                
                  
                    
                      
                        
                          lsp
                          1
                        
                        ⁡
                        
                          (
                          0
                          )
                        
                      
                      =
                      
                        
                          
                            R
                            ⁡
                            
                              (
                              0
                              )
                            
                          
                          ·
                          
                            (
                            
                              1
                              -
                              
                                
                                  lsp
                                  1
                                
                                ⁡
                                
                                  (
                                  0
                                  )
                                
                              
                            
                            )
                          
                        
                        +
                        
                          
                            lsp
                            ′
                          
                          ⁡
                          
                            (
                            0
                            )
                          
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
                
                  
                    
                      
                        
                          lsp
                          1
                        
                        ⁡
                        
                          (
                          i
                          )
                        
                      
                      =
                      
                        
                          
                            R
                            ⁡
                            
                              (
                              i
                              )
                            
                          
                          ·
                          
                            (
                            
                              
                                
                                  lsp
                                  ′
                                
                                ⁡
                                
                                  (
                                  i
                                  )
                                
                              
                              -
                              
                                
                                  lsp
                                  ′
                                
                                ⁡
                                
                                  (
                                  
                                    i
                                    -
                                    1
                                  
                                  )
                                
                              
                            
                            )
                          
                        
                        +
                        
                          
                            lsp
                            ′
                          
                          ⁡
                          
                            (
                            i
                            )
                          
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              i
            
            =
            1
          
          ,
          
            ...
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            9
          
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        19
        )
      
    
  




lsp1(i) is transformed to an LPC lpc1(i), and a synthesis filter 1/A ̃1(Z) is obtained after weighting with w(i) by using the same method in Embodiment 4. In this embodiment, a 320-point white noise sequence exc2(i) is generated, where i=0, 1, . . . 319, and exc2(i) is used to excite the filter 1/A ̃1(Z) to obtain a gain-unadjusted high-band CN signal s ̃1(i). s ̃1 (i) is multiplied by a gain coefficient G3, and a high-band signal s′1 of a CN frame that is reconstructed at the decoding end and sampled at 16 kHz is obtained. In this embodiment, when the current frame is a SID, lsp1(i) obtained by using this method is not used to update the long-term moving average of the LSP coefficients of the high-band signals of the CN frames that are buffered at the decoding end.
In this embodiment, when the encoder encodes a large SID frame, when a long-term moving average e1a of logarithmic energies of high-band signals is quantized at the encoding end, the quantization is performed after e1a is attenuated (that is, after a value is subtracted). Therefore, in this case, in decoding, it is unnecessary to multiply s ̃1(i) by G2 or G4 in Embodiment 4. Other steps of the decoding end in this embodiment are similar to the steps in the foregoing embodiment, and details are not repeatedly described in this embodiment.
The method embodiment provided by the present disclosure brings the following beneficial effects: a current noise frame of an audio signal is obtained, and the current noise frame is decomposed into a noise low-band signal and a noise high-band signal; then the noise low-band signal is encoded and transmitted by using a first discontinuous transmission mechanism, and the noise high-band signal is encoded and transmitted by using a second discontinuous transmission mechanism. A decoder obtains a SID, and determines whether the SID includes a low-band parameter and/or a high-band parameter; if the SID includes the low-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise low-band parameter, locally generates a noise high-band parameter, and obtains a first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter; if the SID includes the high-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter, locally generates a noise low-band parameter, and obtains a second CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise low-band parameter; and if the SID includes the high-band parameter and the low-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter and a noise low-band parameter, and obtains a third CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding. In this way, different processing manners are used for the high-band signal and the low-band signal, calculation complexity may be reduced and encoded bits may be saved under a premise of not lowering subjective quality of a codec, and bits that are saved help to achieve an objective of reducing a transmission bandwidth or improving overall encoding quality, thereby solving a super-wideband encoding and transmission problem.
Embodiment 6
Referring to FIG. 5, this embodiment provides an apparatus for encoding audio data, where the apparatus includes an obtaining module 501 and a transmitting module 502.
The obtaining module 501 is configured to obtain a noise frame of an audio signal, and decompose the noise frame into a noise low-band signal and a noise high-band signal.
The transmitting module 502 is configured to encode and transmit the noise low-band signal by using a first discontinuous transmission mechanism, and encode and transmit the noise high-band signal by using a second discontinuous transmission mechanism, where a policy for sending a first SID of the first discontinuous transmission mechanism is different from a policy for sending a second SID of the second discontinuous transmission mechanism, or a policy for encoding a first SID of the first discontinuous transmission mechanism is different from a policy for encoding a second SID of the second discontinuous transmission mechanism.
In this embodiment, the first SID includes a low-band parameter of the noise frame, and the second SID includes a low-band parameter and/or a high-band parameter of the noise frame.
Optionally, referring to FIG. 6, the transmitting module 502 includes a first transmitting unit 502a configured to determine whether the noise high-band signal has a preset spectral structure; if yes, and a sending condition of the policy for sending the second SID is satisfied, encode a SID of the noise high-band signal by using the policy for encoding the second SID, and send the SID; and if not, determine that the noise high-band signal does not need to be encoded and transmitted.
In this embodiment, the first transmitting unit 502a includes a first determining subunit configured to obtain a spectrum of the noise high-band signal, divide the spectrum into at least two sub-bands, and if an average energy of any first sub-band in the sub-bands is not smaller than an average energy of a second sub-band in the sub-bands, where a frequency band in which the second sub-band is located is higher than a frequency band in which the first sub-band is located, determine that the noise high-band signal has no preset spectral structure; otherwise, determine that the noise high-band signal has a preset spectral structure.
Referring to FIG. 6, optionally, the transmitting module 502 includes a second transmitting unit 502b configured to generate a deviation according to a first ratio and a second ratio, where the first ratio is a ratio of an energy of the noise high-band signal to an energy of the noise low-band signal of the noise frame, and the second ratio is a ratio of an energy of a noise high-band signal to an energy of a noise low-band signal at a moment when a SID including a noise high-band parameter is sent last time before the noise frame; and determine whether the deviation reaches a preset threshold; if yes, encode a SID of the noise high-band signal by using the policy for encoding the second SID, and send the SID; and if not, determine that the noise high-band signal does not need to be encoded and transmitted.
Optionally, that the first ratio is a ratio of an energy of the noise high-band signal to an energy of the noise low-band signal of the noise frame includes that the first ratio is a ratio of an instant energy of the noise high-band signal to an instant energy of the noise low-band signal of the noise frame; and correspondingly, that the second ratio is a ratio of an energy of a noise high-band signal to an energy of a noise low-band signal at a moment when a SID including a noise high-band parameter is sent last time before the noise frame includes that the second ratio is a ratio of an instant energy of the noise high-band signal to an instant energy of the noise low-band signal at the moment when the SID including the noise high-band parameter is sent last time before the noise frame.
Alternatively, that the first ratio is a ratio of an energy of the noise high-band signal to an energy of the noise low-band signal of the noise frame includes that the first ratio is a ratio of a weighted average energy of noise high-band signals of the noise frame and a noise frame prior to the noise frame to a weighted average energy of noise low-band signals of the noise frame and the noise frame prior to the noise frame; and correspondingly, that the second ratio is a ratio of an energy of a noise high-band signal to an energy of a noise low-band signal at a moment when a SID including a noise high-band parameter is sent last time before the noise frame includes that the second ratio is a ratio of a weighted average energy of high-band signals to a weighted average energy of low-band signals of a noise frame and a noise frame prior to the noise frame at the moment when the SID including the noise high-band parameter is sent last time before the noise frame.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the second transmitting unit 502b includes a calculating subunit configured to separately calculate a logarithmic value of the first ratio and a logarithmic value of the second ratio; and calculate an absolute value of a difference between the logarithmic value of the first ratio and the logarithmic value of the second ratio, to obtain the deviation.
Referring to FIG. 6, optionally, in this embodiment, the transmitting module 502 includes a third transmitting unit 502c configured to determine whether a spectral structure of the noise high-band signal of the noise frame, in comparison with an average spectral structure of noise high-band signals before the noise frame, satisfies a preset condition; if yes, encode a SID of the noise high-band signal of the noise frame by using the policy for sending the second SID, and send the SID; and if not, determine that the noise high-band signal of the noise frame does not need to be encoded and transmitted.
In this embodiment, optionally, the average spectral structure of the noise high-band signals before the noise frame includes a weighted average of spectrums of the noise high-band signals before the noise frame.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the sending condition in the policy for sending the second SID of the second discontinuous transmission mechanism further includes the first discontinuous transmission mechanism satisfying a condition for sending the first SID.
The apparatus embodiment provided by the present disclosure brings the following beneficial effects: a current noise frame of an audio signal is obtained, and the current noise frame is decomposed into a noise low-band signal and a noise high-band signal; then the noise low-band signal is encoded and transmitted by using a first discontinuous transmission mechanism, and the noise high-band signal is encoded and transmitted by using a second discontinuous transmission mechanism. In this way, different processing manners are used for the high-band signal and the low-band signal, calculation complexity may be reduced and encoded bits may be saved under a premise of not lowering subjective quality of a codec, and bits that are saved help to achieve an objective of reducing a transmission bandwidth or improving overall encoding quality, thereby solving a super-wideband encoding and transmission problem.
Embodiment 7
Referring to FIG. 7, this embodiment provides an apparatus for decoding audio data, where the apparatus includes an obtaining module 601, a first decoding module 602, a second decoding module 603, and a third decoding module 604.
The obtaining module 601 is configured to determine whether a received current SID includes a low-band parameter or a high-band parameter.
The first decoding module 602 is configured to, if the SID obtained by the obtaining module 601 includes the low-band parameter, decode the SID to obtain a noise low-band parameter, locally generate a noise high-band parameter, and obtain a first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter.
The second decoding module 603 is configured to, if the SID obtained by the obtaining module 601 includes the high-band parameter, decode the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter, locally generate a noise low-band parameter, and obtain a second CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise low-band parameter.
The third decoding module 604 is configured to, if the SID obtained by the obtaining module 601 includes the high-band parameter and the low-band parameter, decode the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter and a noise low-band parameter, and obtain a third CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the first decoding module 602 is further configured to, before decoding the SID to obtain a noise low-band parameter, locally generating a noise high-band parameter, and obtaining a first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter, if the decoder is in a first comfort noise generation CNG state, enter a second CNG state.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the third decoding module 604 is further configured to, before decoding the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter and a noise low-band parameter, and obtaining a third CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding, if the decoder is in a second CNG state, enter a first CNG state.
Optionally, the obtaining module 601 includes: a first determining unit configured to, if the number of bits of the SID is smaller than a preset first threshold, determine that the SID includes the high-band parameter; if the number of bits of the SID is greater than a preset first threshold and smaller than a preset second threshold, determine that the SID includes the low-band parameter; and if the number of bits of the SID is greater than a preset second threshold and smaller than a preset third threshold, determine that the SID includes the high-band parameter and the low-band parameter; or a second determining unit configured to, if the SID includes a first identifier, determine that the SID includes the high-band parameter; if the SID includes a second identifier, determine that the SID includes the low-band parameter; and if the SID includes a third identifier, determine that the SID includes the low-band parameter and the high-band parameter.
In this embodiment, the first decoding module 602 includes a first obtaining unit configured to separately obtain a weighted average energy of a noise high-band signal and a synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at a moment corresponding to the SID; and a second obtaining unit configured to obtain the noise high-band signal according to the obtained weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal and the obtained synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID.
Optionally, the first obtaining unit includes a first obtaining subunit configured to obtain an energy of a low-band signal of the first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding; a calculating subunit configured to calculate a ratio of an energy of a noise high-band signal to an energy of a noise low-band signal at a moment when a SID including a high-band parameter is received before the SID, to obtain a first ratio; a second obtaining subunit configured to obtain, according to the energy of the low-band signal of the first CN frame and the first ratio, an energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID; and a third obtaining subunit configured to perform weighted averaging on the energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID and an energy of a high-band signal of a locally buffered CN frame, to obtain the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID, where the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID is a high-band signal energy of the first CN frame.
The calculating subunit is specifically configured to calculate a ratio of an instant energy of the noise high-band signal to an instant energy of the noise low-band signal at the moment when the SID including the high-band parameter is received before the SID, to obtain the first ratio; or calculate a ratio of a weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal to a weighted average energy of the noise low-band signal at the moment when the SID including the high-band parameter is received before the SID, to obtain the first ratio.
When the energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID is greater than an energy of a high-band signal of a previous CN frame that is locally buffered, the energy of the high-band signal of the previous CN frame that is locally buffered is updated at a first rate; otherwise, the energy of the high-band signal of the previous CN frame that is locally buffered is updated at a second rate, where the first rate is greater than the second rate.
Optionally, the first obtaining unit includes a first selecting subunit configured to select a high-band signal of a speech frame with a minimum high-band signal energy from speech frames within a preset period of time before the SID, and obtain, according to an energy of the high-band signal of the speech frame with the minimum high-band signal energy among the speech frames, the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID, where the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID is a high-band signal energy of the first CN frame; or a second selecting subunit configured to select high-band signals of N speech frames with a high-band signal energy smaller than a preset threshold from speech frames within a preset period of time before the SID; and obtain, according to a weighted average energy of the high-band signals of the N speech frames, the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID, where the weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID is a high-band signal energy of the first CN frame.
Optionally, the first obtaining unit includes a distributing subunit configured to distribute M ISF coefficients or ISP coefficients or LSF coefficients or LSP coefficients in a frequency range corresponding to a high-band signal; a first randomization processing subunit configured to perform randomization processing on the M coefficients, where a feature of the randomization is: causing each coefficient among the M coefficients to gradually approach a target value corresponding to each coefficient, where the target value is a value in a preset range adjacent to a coefficient value, and the target value of each coefficient among the M coefficients changes after every N frames, where both the M and the N are natural numbers; and a fourth obtaining subunit configured to obtain, according to the filter coefficients obtained by randomization processing, the synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID.
Optionally, the first obtaining unit includes a fifth obtaining subunit configured to obtain M ISF coefficients or ISP coefficients or LSF coefficients or LSP coefficients of a locally buffered noise high-band signal; a second randomization processing subunit configured to perform randomization processing on the M coefficients, where a feature of the randomization is causing each coefficient among the M coefficients to gradually approach a target value corresponding to each coefficient, where the target value is a value in a preset range adjacent to a coefficient value, and the target value of each coefficient among the M coefficients changes after every N frames; and a sixth obtaining subunit configured to obtain, according to the filter coefficients obtained by randomization processing, the synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID.
Referring to FIG. 8, optionally, the apparatus further includes an optimizing module 605 configured to, before the first decoding module 602 obtains the first CN frame, when history frames adjacent to the SID are encoded speech frames, if an average energy of high-band signals or a part of high-band signals that are decoded from the encoded speech frames is smaller than an average energy of noise high-band signals or a part of the noise high-band signals that are generated locally, multiply noise high-band signals of subsequent L frames starting from the SID by a smoothing factor smaller than 1, to obtain a new weighted average energy of the locally generated noise high-band signals.
Correspondingly, the first decoding module 602 is specifically configured to obtain a fourth CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding, the synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal at the moment corresponding to the SID, and the new weighted average energy of the locally generated noise high-band signals.
The apparatus embodiment provided by the present disclosure brings the following beneficial effects: a decoder obtains a SID, and determines whether the SID includes a low-band parameter or a high-band parameter; if the SID includes the low-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise low-band parameter, locally generates a noise high-band parameter, and obtains a first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter; if the SID includes the high-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter, locally generates a noise low-band parameter, and obtains a second CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise low-band parameter; and if the SID includes the high-band parameter and the low-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter and a noise low-band parameter, and obtains a third CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding. In this way, different processing manners are used for the high-band signal and the low-band signal, calculation complexity may be reduced and encoded bits may be saved under a premise of not lowering subjective quality of a codec, and bits that are saved help to achieve an objective of reducing a transmission bandwidth or improving overall encoding quality, thereby solving a super-wideband encoding and transmission problem.
Embodiment 8
Referring to FIG. 9, this embodiment provides a system for processing audio data, where the system includes the foregoing apparatus 500 for encoding audio data and the foregoing apparatus 600 for decoding audio data.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure bring the following beneficial effects: a current noise frame of an audio signal is obtained, and the current noise frame is decomposed into a noise low-band signal and a noise high-band signal; then the noise low-band signal is encoded and transmitted by using a first discontinuous transmission mechanism, and the noise high-band signal is encoded and transmitted by using a second discontinuous transmission mechanism. A decoder obtains a SID, and determines whether the SID includes a low-band parameter and/or a high-band parameter; if the SID includes the low-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise low-band parameter, locally generates a noise high-band parameter, and obtains a first CN frame according to the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise high-band parameter; if the SID includes the high-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter, locally generates a noise low-band parameter, and obtains a second CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter obtained by decoding and the locally generated noise low-band parameter; and if the SID includes the high-band parameter and the low-band parameter, decodes the SID to obtain a noise high-band parameter and a noise low-band parameter, and obtains a third CN frame according to the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter obtained by decoding. In this way, different processing manners are used for the high-band signal and the low-band signal, calculation complexity may be reduced and encoded bits may be saved under a premise of not lowering subjective quality of a codec, and bits that are saved help to achieve an objective of reducing a transmission bandwidth or improving overall encoding quality, thereby solving a super-wideband encoding and transmission problem.
The apparatus and system provided by the embodiments may specifically belong to the same idea as the method embodiments. The specific implementation process of the apparatus and system has been described in detail in the method embodiments and details are not repeatedly described herein.
The method and apparatus for processing audio data in the foregoing embodiments may be applied to an audio encoder or an audio decoder. Audio codecs may be widely applied to various electronic devices, such as a mobile phone, a wireless apparatus, a personal data assistant (PDA), a handheld or portable computer, a global positioning system (GPS) receiver or navigation device, a camera, an audio/video player, a camcorder, a video recorder, and a surveillance device. Generally, such an electronic device includes an audio encoder or an audio decoder. The audio encoder or decoder may be directly implemented by using a digital circuit or chip, for example, a digital signal processor (DSP), or implemented by using software code to drive a processor to execute a procedure in the software code.
A person of ordinary skill in the art may understand that all or a part of the steps of the embodiments may be implemented by hardware or a program instructing relevant hardware. The program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. The storage medium may include: a read-only memory, a magnetic disk, or an optical disc.
The foregoing descriptions are merely exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, but are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

## Claims

1. A method for an encoder to process an audio signal, comprising:
generating a current noise low-band signal and a current noise high-band signal from a current noise frame of the audio signal, wherein a previous noise low-band signal and a previous noise high-band signal were associated with a previous noise frame of the audio signal prior to the current noise frame when a last time a silence insertion descriptor (SID) of the audio signal was transmitted with a noise high-band parameter;
generating a deviation based on a first ratio and a second ratio, wherein the first ratio represents a ratio of an energy of the current noise low-band signal to an energy of the current noise high-band signal, and wherein the second ratio represents a ratio of an energy of the previous noise low-band signal to an energy of the previous noise high-band signal;
determining whether the generated deviation is larger than a preset threshold;
encoding a first SID comprising a noise low-band parameter of the current noise low-band signal and a noise high-band parameter of the current noise high-band signal according to the determination, wherein the generated deviation is larger than the preset threshold for the encoding the first SID;
transmitting the first SID according to the determination, wherein the generated deviation is larger than the preset threshold for the transmitting the first SID;
encoding a second SID according to the determination, the second SID comprising the noise low-band parameter of the current noise low-band signal and not comprising the noise high-band parameter of the current noise high-band signal, wherein the generated deviation is not larger than the preset threshold for the encoding the second SID; and
transmitting the second SID according to the determination, wherein the generated deviation is not larger than the preset threshold for the transmitting the second SID.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the energy of the current noise low-band signal represents a smoothed average energy of the current noise low-band signal, wherein the energy of the current noise high-band signal represents a smoothed average energy of the current noise high-band signal, wherein the energy of the previous noise low-band signal represents a smoothed average energy of the previous noise low-band signal, and wherein the energy of the previous noise high-band signal represents a smoothed average energy of the previous noise high-band signal.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the smoothed average energy of the current noise low-band signal is obtained based on the smoothed average energy of the previous noise low-band signal and an average energy of the current noise low-band signal, and wherein the smoothed average energy of the current noise high-band signal is obtained based on the smoothed average energy of the previous noise high-band signal and an average energy of the current noise high-band signal.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the smoothed average energy of the current noise low-band signal is obtained at log-domain, and wherein the smoothed average energy of the current noise high-band signal is obtained at log-domain.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein generating the deviation based on the first ratio and the second ratio comprises:
separately calculating a logarithmic value of the first ratio and a logarithmic value of the second ratio; and
calculating an absolute value of a difference between the logarithmic value of the first ratio and the logarithmic value of the second ratio to obtain the deviation.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the logarithmic value of the first ratio is calculated by:
obtaining a logarithmic value of a smoothed average energy of the current noise low-band signal;
obtaining a logarithmic value of a smoothed average energy of the current noise high-band signal; and
obtaining the logarithmic value of the first ratio by calculating a difference between the logarithmic value of the smoothed average energy of the current noise low-band signal and the logarithmic value of a smoothed average energy of the current noise high-band signal.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the logarithmic value of the second ratio is calculated by:
obtaining a logarithmic value of a smoothed average energy of the previous noise low-band signal;
obtaining a logarithmic value of a smoothed average energy of the previous noise high-band signal; and
obtaining the logarithmic value of the first ratio based on a difference between the logarithmic value of a smoothed average energy of the previous noise low-band signal and the logarithmic value of a smoothed average energy of the previous noise high-band signal.

8. A method for processing an audio signal, comprising:
obtaining, by a decoder, a current silence insertion descriptor (SID), wherein the current SID comprises a noise low-band parameter,
determining whether the current SID comprises a noise high-band parameter based on a one bit identifier,
decoding the current SID to obtain the noise low-band parameter according to the determination, wherein the current SID does not comprise the noise high-band parameter for the decoding to obtain the noise low-band parameter;
extrapolating a noise high-band parameter according to the determination, wherein the current SID does not comprise the noise high-band parameter for the extrapolating of the noise high-band parameter,
obtaining a first comfort noise (CN) frame based on the decoded noise low-band parameter and the extrapolated noise high-band parameter according to the determination, wherein the current SID does not comprise the noise high-band parameter for the obtaining the first CN frame;
decoding the current SID to obtain the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter according to the determination, wherein the current SID comprises the noise high-band parameter for the decoding to obtain the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter; and
obtaining a second CN frame based on the decoded noise high-band parameter and the decoded noise low-band parameter according to the determination, wherein the current SID comprises the noise high-band parameter for the obtaining the second CN frame.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: the one bit identifier is of a value of 1 or 0 to indicate whether the current SID comprises the noise high-band parameter or the current SID does not comprise the noise high-band parameter.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein extrapolating the noise high-band parameter comprises:
obtaining a weighted average energy of a current noise high-band signal corresponding to the current SID;
obtaining a synthesis filter coefficient of the current noise high-band signal; and
obtaining the noise high-band signal based on the weighted average energy of the current noise high-band signal and the synthesis filter coefficient of the current noise high-band signal.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein obtaining the weighted average energy of the current noise high-band signal comprises:
obtaining an energy of a low-band signal of the first CN frame based on the decoded noise low-band parameter,
calculating a first ratio, wherein the first ratio represents a ratio of an energy of a previous noise high-band signal to an energy of a previous noise low-band signal, wherein the previous noise high-band signal and the previous noise low-band signal were associated with the audio signal when a last time a previous SID comprising a noise high-band parameter was received before the current SID;
obtaining, based on the energy of the low-band signal of the first CN frame and the first ratio, an energy of the current noise high-band signal; and
performing weighted averaging on the energy of the current noise high-band signal and an energy of a high-band signal of a locally buffered CN frame to obtain the weighted average energy of the current noise high-band signal, and
wherein the weighted average energy of the current noise high-band signal corresponds to a high-band signal energy of the first CN frame.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein obtaining the first ratio comprises:
calculating a ratio of a weighted average energy of the previous noise high-band signal to a weighted average energy of the previous noise low-band signal; or
calculating a ratio of an instant energy of the previous noise high-band signal to an instant energy of the previous noise low-band signal.

13. The method according to claim 10, further comprising multiplying noise high-band signals of subsequent L frames starting from when the current SID is received by a smoothing factor to obtain a new weighted average energy of the extrapolated noise high-band signals, wherein history frames adjacent to the current SID are encoded speech frames, wherein the smoothing factor is greater than 0 and smaller than 1, wherein a part of high-band signals that are decoded from the encoded speech frames or an average energy of high-band signals is smaller than a part of the noise high-band signals that are extrapolated or an average energy of noise high-band signals, and wherein the first CN frame is obtained based on the decoded noise low-band parameter, the synthesis filter coefficient of the current noise high-band signal, and the new weighted average energy of the extrapolated noise high-band signals.

14. An encoder comprising:
a non-transitory memory for storing computer-executable instructions; and
a processor operatively coupled to the non-transitory memory, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
generate a current noise low-band signal and a current noise high-band signal from a current noise frame of an audio signal, wherein a previous noise low-band signal and a previous noise high-band signal were associated with a previous noise frame of the audio signal prior to the current noise frame when a last time a silence insertion descriptor (SID) of the audio signal was transmitted with a noise high-band parameter,
generate a deviation based on a first ratio and a second ratio, wherein the first ratio represents a ratio of an energy of the current noise low-band signal to an energy of the current noise high-band signal, wherein the second ratio represents a ratio of an energy of the previous noise low-band signal to an energy of the previous noise high-band signal;
determine whether the generated deviation is larger than a preset threshold;
encode a first SID comprising a noise low-band parameter of the current noise low-band signal and a noise high-band parameter of the current noise high-band signal when the generated deviation is larger than the preset threshold;
transmit the first SID when the generated deviation is larger than the preset threshold;
encode a second SID comprising the noise low-band parameter of the current noise low-band signal and not comprising the noise high-band parameter of the current noise high-band signal when the generated deviation is not larger than the preset threshold; and
transmit the second SID when the generated deviation is not larger than the preset threshold.

15. The encoder according to claim 14, wherein the energy of the current noise low-band signal represents a smoothed average energy of the current noise low-band signal, wherein the energy of the current noise high-band signal represents a smoothed average energy of the current noise high-band signal, wherein the energy of the previous noise low-band signal represents a smoothed average energy of the previous noise low-band signal, and wherein the energy of the previous noise high-band signal represents a smoothed average energy of the previous noise high-band signal.

16. The encoder according to claim 15, wherein the smoothed average energy of the current noise low-band signal is obtained based on the smoothed average energy of the previous noise low-band signal and an average energy of the current noise low-band signal, and wherein the smoothed average energy of the current noise high-band signal is obtained based on the smoothed average energy of the previous noise high-band signal and an average energy of the current noise high-band signal.

17. The encoder according to claim 16, wherein the smoothed average energy of the current noise low-band signal is obtained at log-domain, and wherein the smoothed average energy of the current noise high-band signal is obtained at log-domain.

18. The encoder according to claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
separately calculate a logarithmic value of the first ratio and a logarithmic value of the second ratio; and
calculate an absolute value of a difference between the logarithmic value of the first ratio and the logarithmic value of the second ratio to obtain the deviation.

19. The encoder according to claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain a logarithmic value of a smoothed average energy of the current noise low-band signal;
obtain a logarithmic value of a smoothed average energy of the current noise high-band signal; and
obtain the logarithmic value of the first ratio by calculating a difference between the logarithmic value of the smoothed average energy of the current noise low-band signal and the logarithmic value of a smoothed average energy of the current noise high-band signal.

20. The encoder according to claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain a logarithmic value of a smoothed average energy of the previous noise low-band signal;
obtain a logarithmic value of a smoothed average energy of the previous noise high-band signal; and
obtain the logarithmic value of the first ratio based on a difference between the logarithmic value of a smoothed average energy of the previous noise low-band signal and the logarithmic value of a smoothed average energy of the previous noise high-band signal.

21. A decoder comprising:
a non-transitory memory for storing computer-executable instructions; and
a processor operatively coupled to the non-transitory memory, the processor being configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to:
obtain a current silence insertion descriptor (SID), wherein the current SID comprises a noise low-band parameter,
determine whether the current SID comprises a noise high-band parameter based on a one bit identifier;
decode the current SID to obtain the noise low-band parameter when the current SID does not comprise the noise high-band parameter;
extrapolate a noise high-band parameter when the current SID does not comprise the noise high-band parameter;
obtain a first comfort noise (CN) frame based on the decoded noise low-band parameter and the extrapolated noise high-band parameter when the current SID does not comprise the noise high-band parameter;
decode the current SID to obtain the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter when the current SID comprises the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter; and
obtain a second CN frame based on the decoded noise high-band parameter and the decoded noise low-band parameter when the current SID comprises the noise high-band parameter and the noise low-band parameter.

22. The decoder according to claim 21, wherein the one bit identifier is of a value of 1 or 0 to indicate whether the current SID comprises the noise high-band parameter or the current SID does not comprise the noise high-band parameter.

23. The decoder according to claim 21, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain a weighted average energy of a current noise high-band signal corresponding to the current SID;
obtain a synthesis filter coefficient of the current noise high-band signal; and
obtain the noise high-band signal based on the obtained weighted average energy of the noise high-band signal and the obtained synthesis filter coefficient of the noise high-band signal.

24. The decoder according to claim 23, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain an energy of a low-band signal of the first CN frame based on the decoded noise low-band parameter;
obtain a first ratio, wherein the first ratio represents a ratio of an energy of a previous noise high-band signal to an energy of a previous noise low-band signal, and wherein the previous noise high-band signal and the previous noise low-band signal were associated with the audio signal when a last time previous SID comprising a noise high-band parameter was received before the current SID;
obtain, based on the energy of the low-band signal of the first CN frame and the first ratio, an energy of the current noise high-band signal; and
perform weighted average on the energy of the current noise high-band signal and an energy of a high-band signal of a locally buffered CN frame to obtain the weighted average energy of the current noise high-band signal, and
wherein the weighted average energy of the current noise high-band signal corresponds to a high-band signal energy of the first CN frame.

25. The decoder according to claim 24, wherein the processor is further configured to:
calculate a ratio of a weighted average energy of the previous noise high-band signal to a weighted average energy of the previous noise low-band signal as the first ratio; or
calculate a ratio of an instant energy of the previous noise high-band signal to an instant energy of the previous noise low-band signal as the first ratio.

26. The decoder according to claim 23, wherein the processor is further configured to:
multiply noise high-band signals of subsequent L frames starting from when the current SID is received by a smoothing factor to obtain a new weighted average energy of the extrapolated noise high-band signals when history frames adjacent to the current SID are encoded speech frames, wherein the smoothing factor is greater than 0 and smaller than 1 when a part of high-band signals that are decoded from the encoded speech frames or an average energy of high-band signals is smaller than a part of the noise high-band signals that are extrapolated or an average energy of noise high-band signal; and
obtain the first CN frame based on the decoded noise low-band parameter, the synthesis filter coefficient of the current noise high-band signal, and the new weighted average energy of the extrapolated noise high-band signals.