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ARS Home Pacific West Area Logan, Utah Poisonous Plant Research Docs





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**ISOPP 8** **Poisonings by Plants, Mycotoxins and Related Toxins (2009)***Edited by*: Franklin Riet-Correa, Jim Pfister, Ana Lucia Schild, and Terrie Wierenga*Published by*: CAB International, 2011, 660 pages, ISBN 978-1-84593-833-8 **Chapters/Sections**I.  Overview:Caatinga of northeastern Brazil: vegetation and floristic aspects, page 2Toxic plants and mycotoxins affecting cattle and sheep in Uruguay, page 25Poisoning by plants, mycotoxins, and algae in Argentinian livestock, page 35Toxic plants of Cuba, page 43Toxic plants affecting grazing cattle in Colombia, page 50Poisonous plants affecting livestock in Central America, with emphasis on Panama, page 60Plant poisonings in Mato Grosso do Sul, page 68Poisonous plants affecting sheep in southern Brazil, page 73Toxic plants of the State of Piaui, northeastern Brazil, page 79Poisonous plants affecting ruminants in southern Brazil, page 87Recently diagnosed poisonous plants in the Cariri Region, State of Paraiba, Brazil, page 91Poisonous plants on dairy farms of the Capara? Microregion, Esp?rito Santo State, Brazil, page 96Ornamental toxic plant species sold in Campina Grande's market, Para?ba, Brazil, page 101Toxic plants grown in gardens in Alto Branco, Campina Grande, Para?ba, Brazil, page 105II.  The Liver:Brachiaria spp. poisoning in sheep in Brazil: experimental and epidemiological findings, page 110Variation in saponin concentration in *Brachiaria brizantha* leaves as a function of maturation: preliminary data, page 118Lectin histochemistry on sections of liver and hepatic lymph nodes from sheep grazing on *Brachiaria* spp., page 124*Brachiaria* spp. poisoning in ruminants in mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, page 129Practical rules for the differentiation between *Brachiaria* spp. poisoning and pithomycotoxicosis, page 133Measurement of steroidal saponins in *Panicum* and *Brachiaria* grasses in the USA and Brazil, page 142Acute poisoning by *Crotalaria spectabilis* seeds in pigs of Mato Grosso State, Brazil, page 148Possible association between precipitation and incidence of *Senecio* spp. poisoning in cattle in southern Brazil, page 154Phenology of *Senecio* spp. and vegetation cover in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil, page 158Nutritional implications of pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis, page 163Pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in cattle in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, page 175Seasonal variation in pyrrolizidine alkaloid concentration and plant development in *Senecio madagascariensis* Poir. (Asteraceae) in Brazil, page 179Buffalo calves intoxicated with *Ageratum houstonianum* Mill., page 186Evaluation of immunotoxic properties of *Senecio brasiliensis*: study of toxicity in rats, page 190Hepatic biopsy as a diagnostic tool for detecting *Senecio* spp. poisoning in live cattle, page 194Poisoning of cattle by *Senecio* spp. in Uruguay, page 198Risks from plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids for livestock and meat quality in northern Australia, page 208Effects of dietary pyrrolizidine (*Senecio*) alkaloids on copper and vitamin A tissue concentrations in Japanese quail, page 215Poisoning by *Cyca revoluta* in dogs in Brazil, page 221Natural and experimental poisoning of bovines by *Cestrum corymbosum* Schltdl. in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, page 227*Trema micrantha* poisoning in domestic herbivores, page 231III.  Reproductive System:Plants teratogenic to livestock in the United States, page 236Dose-response evaluation of *Veratrum californicum* in sheep, page 243Toxic effects of *Ipomoea carnea* on placental tissue of rats, page 251Chronic heart failure and abortion caused by *Tetrapterys* spp. in cattle in Brazil, page 256Effects of *Senna occidentalis* seeds ingested during gestation on kid behavior, page 264Evaluation of the abortification effect of *Luffa acutangula* Roxb. in rats, page 270Experimental studies of poisoning by *Aspidosperma pyrfolium*, page 274Determination of teratogenic effects of *Aspidosperma pyrifolium* ethanolic extract in rats, page 280Effects of gossypol present in cottonseed cake on spermatogenesis in sheep, page 285IV.  Nervous System:Poisonous plants affecting the nervous system in horses in Brazil, page 290Rational uses of mesquite (*Prosopis juliflora*) and the importance of spontaneous poisoning by the pods in ruminants from Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, page 295Neonate behavior in goats is affected by material ingestion of *Ipomoea carnea*, page 302The comparative pathology of locoweed poisoning in horses and other livestock, page 309*Sida carpinifolia* (Malvaceae) poisoning in herbivores in Rio Grande do Sul, page 311The guinea pig as an animal model for ?-mannosideosis, page 315Poisoning by *Solanum paniculatum* of cattle in the State of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, page 320The diagnostic significance of detecting *Rathayibacter toxicus* in the rumen contents and feces of sheep that may be affected by annual ryegrass toxicity, page 325Annual ryegrass toxicity in sheep is not prevented by administration of cyclodextrin via controlled release devices, page 331Secondary toxicity from the ingestion of meat, offal or milk from animals consuming corynetoxins is unlikely, page 337Metabolism of the endophyte toxin lolitrem B in cattle liver microsomes, page 343V.  Toxic Plants Affecting Other Systems:Further investigations of *Xanthoparmelia* toxicity in ruminants, page 349Administration of *Senna occidentalis* seeds to juvenile rats: effects on hematologial parameters and immune lymphoid organs, page 355*Mascagnia exotropica* poisoning in ruminants, page 362Relationship between a peculiar form of hydropic-vacuolar degeneration of the distal convolute tubules, monofluoroacetate poisoning, and plants that cause 'sudden death' in Brazil, page 365Poisoning by *Mascagnia rigida* in goats and sheep, page 373Hematological, biochemical, and urinary alterations of enzootic bovine hematuria in dairy cows iin the Capara? Microregion, Esp?rito Santo State, Brazil, page 377Upper urinary tract lesions associated with enzootic bovine hematuria, page 384Similarities between non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions in bovine enzootic hematuria and those induced by radiotherapy in humans, page 388Immunosuppression induced by *Pteridium aquilinum* facilitates the development of lung carcinogenesis, page 396Outbreak of acute poisoning by bracken fern (*Pteridium aquilinum*) in cattle, page 402Immunosuppressive effects of *Pteridium aquilinum* on natural killer cells of mice and its prevention with selenium, page 406Toxic nephrosis in cattle from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil associated with the ingestion of *Thiloa glaucocarpa*, page 412Osteolathyrism in calves in Uruguay, page 416Cyanide toxicity and interference with diet selection in quail, page 420Toxicity to honey bees from pollen from several plants in northeastern Brazil, page 426Vetch (*Vicia villosa*) poisoning in cattle in the State of Santa Catarina, page 430*Baccharis pteronioides* toxicity, page 433Toxicity of *Dieffenbachia* spp. with a focus on livestock poisoning, page 437Morphological, morphometric, and histochemical analysis of the large intestine of rabbits intoxicated with *Solanum glaucophyllum* (duraznillo blanco), page 441Enzootic calcinosis of sheep in Uruguay, page 448Enzootic calcinosis in ruminants from central Brazil, page 452Radiographic monitoring of lesions induced by *Solanum malacoxylon* (Solanaceae) poisoning in rabbits, page 458Spontaneous intoxication by *Solanum malacoxylon* in *Bubalus bubalis* in northern pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil, page 462Experimental poisoning by Nierembergia rivularis in sheep of Uruguay, page 465Spontaneous nitrate/nitrite poisoning in cattle fed with oats (*Avena sativa*) and ryegrass (*Lolium multiflorum*) in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, page 469Poisoning of sheep by shells of *Jatropha curcas* seeds, page 472Toxicology study of ethanolic extract from aerial parts of *Jatropha gossypiifolia* L. in rats, page 477VI.  Mycotoxins and Other Toxins:Changes in carbohydrate expression in the cervical spinal cord of mice intoxicated with perivitellin PV2 from *Pomacea canaliculata*, page 482Zearalenone: an estrogenic mycotoxin with immunotoxic effects, page 489Ethanol poisoning in cattle by ingestion of waste beer yeast in Brazil, page 494Immunotoxic and toxic evaluation of subchronic exposure to saxitoxin in rats, page 499*Geitlerinema unigranulatum* (cyanobacteria) extract induces alterations in microcirculation and ischemic injury, page 504Production of a saxitoxin standard from cyanobacteria, page 510Differential diagnosis between plant poisonings and snakebites in cattle in Brazil, page 515The use of the guinea pig model in detecting diplodiosis, a neuromycotoxicosis of ruminants, page 520VII.  Toxic Compounds and Chemical Methods:Acute toxicity of selenium compounds commonly found in selenium-accumulator plants, page 525Agricultural and pharmaceutical applications of Chilean soapbark tree (*Quillaja saponaria*) saponins, page 532Concentration and effect in mice of the essential oil pulegone from *Mentha pulegium*, a suspected toxic plant in eastern Uruguay, page 535Effect of MDL-type alkaloids on tall larkspur toxicosis, page 540LC/MS/MS analysis of the daphnane ortoester simplexin in poisonous *Pimelea* species of Australian rangelands, page 550The physiological effects and toxicokinetics of tall larkspur (*Delphinium barbeyi*) alkaloids in cattle, page 557Lupine-induced 'crooked calf disease' in Washington and Oregon: identification of the alkaloid profiles of *Lupinus sericeus*, *Lupinus sulphureus*, and *Lupinus leucophyllus*, page 566Comparative study of monocrotaline toxicity on peritoneal macrophage activity when dosed for 14 or 28 days, page 572Effects of lantadenes on mitochondrial bioenergetics, page 577Determination of the relative toxicity of enantiomers with cell-based assays, page 581Rotenoids, neurotoxic principles of seeds from *Aeschynomene indica* (Leguminosae), page 588Chemistry of *Dieffenbachia picta*, page 593Alkaloid profiles of *Mimosa tenuiflora* and associated methods of analysis, page 600Distribution of *Delphinium occidentale* chemotypes and their potential toxicity, page 606VIII.  Control Measures:Conditioned aversion induced by *Baccharis coridifolia* in sheep and cattle, page 613A potential krimpsiekte vaccine, page 617Environmental effects on concentrations of plant secondary compounds: finding a healthy balance, page 623Maintaining aversion to *Geigeria ornativa* (vermeerbos) in sheep by means of continuous exposure to an aversive mixture presented iin a self-feeder, page 631Conditioned flavor aversion and location avoidance in hamsters from toxic extract of tall larkspur (*Delphinium barbeyi*), page 637Conditioning taste aversion to *Mascagnia rigida* (Malpighiaceae) in sheep, page 643Amended method of averting cattle to yellow tulp (*Moraea pallida*), page 648IX.  Herbals:Reproductive study of *Chenopodium ambrosioides* aqeuous extract in rats, page 655Investigation of *Cereus jamacaru* ethanol extract effects in rats, page 660Marketing of boldo (*Plectranthus neochilium* and *Peumus boldus* Molina) by salesmen of medical plants in Campina Grande, Para?ba, page 666Evaluation of hemolytic and spasmolytic activities of *Sargassum polyceratium* Montagne (Sargassaceae), page 670Investigation of hemolytic and spasmolytic activities of the total alkaloid fraction from root bark of *Solanum paludosum* Moric. (Solanaceae), page 676Hemolytic and spasmolytic assays of *Solanum asterophorum* Mart. (Solanaceae), page 683Evaluation of the cytotoxic and spasmolytic activities of *Solanum asperum* Rich. (Solanaceae), page 691Chemical analysis of toxic principles in preparations of *Ruta graveolens* and *Petiveria alli*a*cea*, page 698Antimicrobial effect of an extract of *Anacardium occidentale* Linn against clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus*, page 705Evaluation of hepatotoxicity induced by *Piper methysticum*, page 709Toxic effects of *Baccharis trimera* on pregnant rats and their conceptuses, page 713Toxicity in mice of the total alkaloid fraction of *Chondrodendron platyphyllum*, page 720Evaluation of anticholinesterasic activity of strain SPC 920 - *Geitlerinema unigranulatum* (Oscillatoriales, cyanobacteria), page 725


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