This opinion will be unpublished and

may not be cited except as provided by

Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2012).

STATE OF MINNESOTA

IN COURT OF APPEALS

A14-0934

State of Minnesota,

Respondent,

vs.

Toni Ann Olmstead,

Appellant.

Filed December 8, 2014

Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded

Chutich, Judge

Hennepin County District Court

File Nos. 27-CR-10-18387

27-CR-12-22133

Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and

Michael O. Freeman, Hennepin County Attorney, Elizabeth R. Johnston, Assistant 

County Attorney, Minneapolis, Minnesota (for respondent)

Cathryn Middlebrook, Chief Appellate Public Defender, Sharon E. Jacks, Assistant 

Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant)

Considered and decided by Stauber, Presiding Judge; Chutich, Judge; and Reilly, 

Judge. 
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U N P U B L I S H E D O P I N I O N

CHUTICH, Judge

Appellant Toni Ann Olmstead challenges the district court’s imposition of 

consecutive 43-month and 46-month prison sentences for a probation violation. Because 

we hold that the district court correctly specified that both sentences were to run 

consecutively during the pertinent hearing, we affirm in part. But because the district 

court used an incorrect criminal history score in calculating the duration of the 46-month 

sentence, we reverse the imposition of that sentence and remand for resentencing.

FACTS

Olmstead has a long history of felony stalking and harassment-related offenses 

against L.S. dating back to at least 2006, when she was first charged with felony stalking 

of L.S. and then convicted. In 2010, Olmstead was again charged with felony stalking of 

L.S. She pleaded guilty to one amended count of attempted stalking and one count of 

stalking. Olmstead was sentenced to a 19-month prison term on count one, followed 

consecutively by a 43-month prison term, stayed for a probationary period of five years, 

on count two.

In 2012, after serving the 19-month sentence and while on probation for the 43-

month consecutive term, Olmstead was arrested at L.S.’s home and was again charged 

with felony stalking. She pleaded guilty to the lone count. The new felony conviction 

was deemed a violation of the terms of Olmstead’s probation on the 2010 case.

On April 23, 2013, the district court held a joint hearing concerning the probation 

violation and sentencing for the new stalking conviction. Regarding Olmstead’s 
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probation violation on her 2010 criminal conviction, Olmstead admitted that she violated 

the terms of her probation by committing the new stalking offense. The district court 

imposed a sanction of 365 days in jail with the opportunity for Olmstead to be furloughed 

to various treatment programs.

The district court then sentenced Olmstead for the new 2012 felony stalking 

conviction. During the sentencing hearing, the district court engaged in an extensive 

colloquy that addressed Olmstead’s history of stalking the victim and the district court’s 

reasoning for its sentencing decision. The district court sentenced Olmstead to a 46-

month prison term and stayed execution of the sentence for six years. The sentence was 

a downward dispositional departure based on the availability of treatment and Olmstead’s 

acceptance of responsibility. But the district court specifically warned Olmstead that she 

was “looking down a barrel of 46 months consecutive to the 43 months [she had] hanging 

over [her] head” should she commit any further violations of the probationary conditions.

Several months later, Olmstead violated the conditions of her probation and of the 

treatment program that she was in by consuming alcohol. She admitted to the violation, 

and in March 2014, the district court revoked the stays of Olmstead’s 43-month and 46-

month sentences. The district court executed the sentences and ordered that they run 

consecutively. This sentencing appeal followed.
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D E C I S I O N

I. 

“The court may at any time correct a sentence not authorized by law.” Minn. R. 

Crim. P. 27.03, subd. 9. Olmstead argues that the district court sentenced her to 

consecutive terms in contravention of Minnesota Statutes section 609.15, subd. 1 (2012). 

Whether a statute has been properly construed is a question of law subject to de novo 

review. State v. Gilbert, 634 N.W.2d 439, 441 (Minn. App. 2001), review denied (Minn. 

Dec. 11, 2001).

Minnesota law provides:

[W]hen separate sentences of imprisonment are imposed on a 

defendant for two or more crimes, whether charged in a single 

indictment or information or separately, or when a person 

who is under sentence of imprisonment in this state is being 

sentenced to imprisonment for another crime committed prior 

to or while subject to such former sentence, the court in the 

later sentences shall specify whether the sentences shall run 

concurrently or consecutively. If the court does not so 

specify, the sentences shall run concurrently.

Minn. Stat. § 609.15, subd. 1. The district court is also required to “[s]tate precisely the 

terms of the sentence” at the time it imposes the sentence. Minn. R. Crim. P. 27.03, subd. 

4(A); see also State v. Wakefield, 263 N.W.2d 76, 78 (Minn. 1978) (providing that 

“precise terms of the sentence” include whether multiple sentences are to run 

concurrently or consecutively).

“[T]he traditionally recognized goal of consecutive sentencing is to impose a 

longer single period of incarceration.” Pageau v. State, 820 N.W.2d 271, 279 (Minn. 

App. 2012); see also Minn. Sent. Guidelines cmt. 2.F.01 (2012) (“Consecutive sentences 
5

are a more severe sanction because the intent is to confine the offender for a longer 

period than under concurrent sentences.”). Consecutive sentences are considered 

permissive if (1) the presumptive disposition for the current offense is commitment and 

(2) the current offense is being sentenced consecutively to a prior felony sentence that has 

not expired or been discharged if the prior felony conviction is for an offense eligible for 

permissive consecutive sentences. Minn. Sent. Guidelines 2.F.2.a.(1)(i) (2012). The 

stalking offense at issue here is an offense eligible for permissive consecutive sentencing. 

Minn. Sent. Guidelines 6 (2012). 

Applying these principles here, we conclude that the district court correctly 

imposed consecutive sentences. During its sentencing colloquy in April 2013, the district 

court stated:

I want to incorporate my sentencing structure on the 

probation file with this one. So, in essence, I’m going to try it 

this way. I’m going to order that you abide by all terms and 

conditions of [p]robation on File 27-CR-10-18387.

To be clear, Madam, that means that the same conditions 

that I’ve imposed in [the sentencing] file will continue in [the 

probation violation] file. In other words[,] . . . a lot of these 

will become [moot] because you would have [ostensibly] 

completed your Metro Re-Entry, your 180, your Headway 

Emotional, etc., and you would have satisfied those things. 

But I’m incorporating those same orders into this file and so, 

if you violate those, you’re also going to be in violation of 

this current sentence as well. And then you’re looking down a 

barrel of 46 months consecutive to the 43 months you hav[e] 

hanging over your head.

(Emphasis added.) The district court specified that the sentences were to run 

consecutively when it explained the conditions of Olmstead’s probation. Olmstead 
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argues that when the district court mentioned that the sentences would run consecutively, 

it had already completed pronouncing her sentence and, thus, the mention of the 

consecutive nature of the sentences was not part of the actual sentencing. This argument 

fails, however, because the district court continued to impose the exact terms of 

Olmstead’s sentence, including all of the terms of her probation, after this point in the 

sentencing hearing.

Olmstead further contends that because the district court never mentioned the 

consecutive nature of the sentences in its written sentencing order, the sentences should 

be presumed to run concurrently. Minnesota law establishes, however, that “an orally 

pronounced sentence controls over a judgment and commitment order when the two 

conflict.” State v. Staloch, 643 N.W.2d 329, 331 (Minn. App. 2002) (quotation omitted). 

To be sure, the judgment and commitment order is evidence that “may be used to 

determine the intended sentence,” but only “[w]hen an orally pronounced sentence is 

ambiguous.” Id. (quotation omitted). The written order helps to “clarify an ambiguous 

oral sentence by providing evidence of what was said from the bench.” Id. (quotation 

omitted).

Here, despite the length of the April 2013 sentencing transcript, the district court’s 

intent to impose consecutive sentences, were they to be later executed, is clear. The 

entire record shows that the district court intended to offer Olmstead one last chance to 

receive treatment to stem her persistent pattern of stalking behavior before adopting the 

state’s contention that the safety of the victim could only be assured by incarcerating 
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Olmstead for the longest possible period. Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s 

imposition of consecutive sentences.

II. 

Olmstead next contends that the duration of the second consecutive term must be 

reduced from 46 months to 18 months to conform to the Minnesota Sentencing 

Guidelines and applicable caselaw. We agree. 

“For each felony offense sentenced consecutively to another felony offense(s), the 

court must use a Criminal History Score of 0, or the mandatory minimum for the offense, 

whichever is longer, to determine the presumptive duration.” Minn. Sent. Guidelines 

2.F.2.a (2012). Stalking in violation of Minnesota Statutes section 609.749, subdivision 

4(b), is a severity level 5 offense. Minn. Sent. Guidelines 5.A (2012). In 2013, when 

Olmstead was sentenced, the presumptive sentence for a severity level 5 offense with 

zero criminal history points was 18 months. Minn. Sent. Guidelines 4.A (2012) 

(sentencing grid). 

Olmstead’s consecutive sentence of 46 months for the 2012 offense was arrived at 

through an improper enhancement of her criminal history score to seven, using 

Olmstead’s felony and custody status points. This enhancement may only be used when 

sentencing concurrently, not when sentencing consecutively. See Minn. Sent. Guidelines 

2.F.2.a. The consecutive sentence of 46 months must be reduced to 18 months to 

conform with section 2.F of the sentencing guidelines. 
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Because the district court incorrectly computed the sentence duration for 

Olmstead’s consecutive sentence, we reverse the district court’s imposition of the 46-

month sentence and remand for resentencing.

Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded.