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[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 140 (Monday, July 26, 2021)]
[Notices]
[Pages 40032-40036]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2021-15840]

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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Notice of Inquiry on Preparation of Report to Congress on the 
Price-Anderson Act

AGENCY: Office of General Counsel, DOE.

ACTION: Notice of inquiry on preparation of report to Congress on the 
Price-Anderson Act.

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SUMMARY: The Department of Energy (the ``Department'' or ``DOE'') is 
requesting public comment concerning the need for continuation or 
modification of the provisions of the Price-Anderson Act (PAA) as 
administered by DOE. The PAA establishes a system of financial 
protection that encourages the safe and secure operation of nuclear 
power and other nuclear activities and assures equitable compensation 
of victims in the event of a nuclear incident. Comments from the public 
will assist the Department in the preparation of its report on the PAA 
to be submitted to Congress by December 31, 2021, as required by the 
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (AEA), as amended.

DATES: Written comments must be received by August 25, 2021.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments to: [email protected]. 
Although DOE has routinely accepted public comment submissions through 
a variety of mechanisms, including postal mail and hand delivery/
courier, the Department has found it necessary to make temporary 
modifications to the comment submission process in light of the ongoing 
Covid-19 pandemic. DOE is currently suspending receipt of public 
comments via postal mail and hand delivery/courier. If a commenter 
finds that this change poses undue hardship, please contact the Office 
of the General Counsel staff at (202) 586-2177 to discuss the need for 
alternative arrangements. Once the Covid-19 pandemic health emergency 
is resolved, DOE anticipates resuming all of its regular options for 
public comment submission, including postal mail and hand delivery/
courier.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Stewart Forbes, Office of the 
Assistant General Counsel for Civilian Nuclear Programs, U.S. 
Department of Energy, Room 6A-167, 1000 Independence Ave. SW, 
Washington, DC 20585; Email: [email protected]; and Phone: 
(202) 586-2177.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Introduction

    The PAA was enacted in 1957 as an amendment to the AEA to encourage 
the development of nuclear power and nuclear activities by establishing 
a system of financial protection for persons who may be liable for and 
persons who may be injured by a nuclear incident.\1\ DOE and the 
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) are authorized to administer the 
PAA system of financial protection with respect to DOE contractual 
activities and NRC licensees, respectively. While both the DOE and NRC 
systems of financial protection are underpinned by many of the same PAA 
principles and provisions, they are administered and applicable in 
different ways. In the DOE system, the PAA financial protection is in 
the form of a DOE indemnification and applies to all DOE contractors 
undertaking activities that involve the risk of a nuclear incident. In 
the NRC system, the PAA financial protection requirements for NRC 
licensees is in the form of insurance and/or indemnification, or 
neither depending on the type of nuclear installation and nuclear 
operator.\2\ This Notice is focused on the PAA as applicable to and 
administered by DOE.
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    \1\ Price-Anderson Act, Public Law 85-256, 71 Stat. 576 
(amending Atomic Energy Act of 1954, Public Law 83-703, codified as 
amended at 42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.). (For brevity, the Atomic Energy 
Act of 1954 will be cited throughout simply as ``Atomic Energy Act'' 
or AEA.) The pertinent sections of the PAA amended AEA Sec.  11 and 
created AEA Sec.  170, which are codified respectively at 42 U.S.C. 
2014 and 2210.
    \2\ See U.S. Nuclear Reg. Comm'n, The Price Anderson Act--
Crossing the Bridge to the Next Century: A Report to Congress 1-8 
(1998), https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1217/ML12170A857.pdf (describing 
the NRC PAA financial protection scheme); 10 CFR part 140, Financial 
Protection Requirements and Indemnity Agreements (NRC regulations 
implementing the PAA financial protection requirements for licensees 
and the indemnification and liability limitations); and Inflation 
Adjustments to the Price-Anderson Act Financial Protection 
Regulations, 83 FR 48202 (Sept. 24, 2018) (adjusting the total and 
maximum deferred premiums under the PAA for certain reactors).
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    As explained previously, the DOE PAA system of financial protection 
is in the form of an indemnification by DOE (``DOE Price-Anderson 
indemnification'') for legal liability for a nuclear incident or a 
precautionary evacuation arising from activity under a DOE contract. 
The DOE Price-Anderson indemnification: (1) Provides omnibus coverage 
of all persons who might be legally liable; (2) indemnifies fully all 
legal liability up to the statutory limit on such liability (as of 2018 
approximately $13.7 billion, inflation-adjusted, for a nuclear incident 
in the United States \3\); (3) covers all DOE contractual activity that 
might result in a nuclear incident in the United States; (4) is not 
subject to the availability of funds; \4\ and (5) is mandatory and 
exclusive.
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    \3\ Adjustment of Indemnification Amount for Inflation, 83 FR 
49374 (Oct. 1, 2018) (adjusting the statutory public liability limit 
to the present $13.7 billion).
    \4\ Price-Anderson Act, supra note 1, at Sec.  4 (amending 
Atomic Energy Act Sec.  170j., codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. 
2210(j)).
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    The PAA has been amended several times since enactment. The most 
recent amendment was the Price-Anderson Amendments Act of 2005 (``2005 
Amendments''), passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Title 
VI, Subtitle A).\5\ The 2005 Amendments extended the authority of DOE 
to grant the DOE Price-Anderson indemnification until December 31, 
2025.\6\ Along with the extension, Congress amended section 170p. of 
the AEA to mandate, as it had done with a prior extension, that DOE 
submit a report to Congress by December 31, 2021 (``2021 Report'') on 
whether provisions of the PAA should be continued, modified, or 
eliminated.\7\
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    \5\ Price-Anderson Amendments Act of 2005, Public Law 109-58, 
tit. VI, 119 Stat. 779 (amending Atomic Energy Act Sec.  170, 
codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. 2210).
    \6\ Id. at tit. VI, Sec.  602(b) (amending Atomic Energy Act 
Sec.  170d.(1)(A), codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. 2210(d)(1)(A)). 
The NRC's authority for the PAA system of financial protection was 
similarly extended.
    \7\ Id. at tit. VI, Sec.  606 (amending Atomic Energy Act Sec.  
170p., codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. 2210(p)). As amended, 
section 170p. of the AEA requires the Secretary of Energy and the 
NRC to ``submit to the Congress by December 31, 2021, detailed 
reports concerning the need for continuation or modification of the 
provisions of [the PAA], taking into account the condition of the 
nuclear industry, availability of private insurance, and the state 
of knowledge concerning nuclear safety at that time, among other 
relevant factors and shall include recommendations as to the repeal 
or modification of any of the provisions of [the PAA].'' 42 U.S.C. 
2210(p). The DOE and NRC will each submit their own report to 
Congress.

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[[Page 40033]]

    DOE values input from the public on the efficacy and operation of 
the PAA. DOE is issuing this Notice of Inquiry (``Notice'' or NOI) to 
solicit comments from the public and interested stakeholders to assist 
DOE in the development of its recommendations as to whether provisions 
of the PAA should be continued, modified, or eliminated.
    This NOI is similar to a Notice of Inquiry published in 1997 
(``1997 NOI'').\8\ In 1998, DOE submitted a report to Congress pursuant 
to then-applicable section 170p. (``1998 Report'').\9\ In preparing the 
1998 Report, DOE published the 1997 NOI in the Federal Register 
requesting public comment to assist DOE in preparing the 1998 Report. 
The 1997 NOI included a comprehensive history and explanation of the 
PAA to assist members of the public in formulating comments.\10\
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    \8\ Preparation of Report to Congress on Price-Anderson Act, 62 
FR 68272 (December 31, 1997), https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-1997-12-31/pdf/97-34036.pdf (the published 1997 NOI, to be 
referenced as ``1997 NOI'').
    \9\ U.S. Dep't of Energy, Report to Congress on the Price-
Anderson Act (1998), https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/gcprod/documents/paa-rep.pdf (to be referenced as ``1998 Report''). Prior 
to its amendment in the Energy Policy Act of 2005, 42 U.S.C. 2210(p) 
mandated this report's submission by August 1, 1998. Supra note 7.
    \10\ 1997 NOI, supra note 8.
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    This NOI provides an update on significant changes in law or 
circumstances since the 1998 Report, including: (1) A summary of 
recommendations from the 1998 Report; (2) a summary of the 2005 
Amendments; and (3) an update on the Convention on Supplementary 
Compensation for Nuclear Damage (the ``Convention'' or CSC) as it 
relates to the PAA. To facilitate the preparation of public comments, 
the NOI also includes a non-exhaustive list of questions and topics to 
be considered and that may be addressed by DOE in the 2021 Report. 
Last, to further assist the public in preparing comments, DOE 
recommends review and reference to the 1997 NOI and the 1998 Report, 
both of which provide a comprehensive history and explanation of the 
PAA.

II. Significant Updates

1. 1998 Report to Congress

    In 1988, Congress passed the Price-Anderson Amendments Act of 1988 
(``1988 Amendments''), ushering in several new and updated provisions 
in the PAA: It increased the amount of the indemnification from $500 
million to $9.43 billion; made the DOE indemnification mandatory in all 
DOE contracts involving the risk of a nuclear incident; and established 
a system of civil penalties for DOE contractors, subcontractors, and 
suppliers covered by the indemnification.\11\ In the 1988 Amendments, 
Congress also extended authority for the DOE Price-Anderson 
indemnification to August 1, 2002 \12\ and mandated that DOE submit a 
report to Congress in 1998, four years prior to the expiration of 
authorization of the PAA, on the need for its continuation, 
modification, or elimination.\13\
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    \11\ Price-Anderson Amendments Act of 1988, Public Law 100-408, 
102 Stat. 1066 (amending Atomic Energy Act Sec. Sec.  11, 170, 
codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. 2014, 2210).
    \12\ Id. at Sec.  3 (amending Atomic Energy Act Sec.  170c., 
codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. 2210(d)).
    \13\ Id. at Sec.  12(2) (amending Atomic Energy Act Sec.  170p., 
codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. 2210(p)).
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    DOE issued the required report, recommending renewal of the PAA as 
being in the ``best interests of DOE, its contractors, its 
subcontractors and suppliers, and the public.'' \14\ The 1998 Report 
included five key recommendations: (1) DOE indemnification should 
continue as-is; (2) DOE indemnification amounts ``should not be 
decreased''; (3) ``Broad and mandatory coverage'' for contracted 
activities should continue to be provided by DOE indemnification; (4) 
DOE should have ``continued authority to impose civil penalties for 
violations of nuclear safety requirements by for-profit contractors, 
subcontractors and suppliers''; and (5) the CSC ``should be ratified 
and conforming amendments to the [PAA]'' be adopted.\15\ In sum, DOE 
concluded that continuation of the PAA indemnification without any 
substantial change was essential to the Department's ability to fulfill 
its statutory missions; provided protection to members of the public 
that may be affected by DOE's nuclear activities; and was a cost-
effective option without any satisfactory alternative.\16\
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    \14\ 1998 Report, supra note 9, at 1.
    \15\ Id. at 2.
    \16\ Id. at 1.
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2. 2005 Amendments

    After the 1988 Amendments, the 2005 Amendments were the next 
substantial set of changes to the PAA. Passed as part of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005, the Price-Anderson Amendments Act of 2005 amended 
DOE authorities \17\ to: (1) Increase the liability limit and the 
Department's indemnification amount for DOE contractors in the case of 
nuclear incidents within the United States to $10 billion, to be 
adjusted every five years for inflation; (2) increase the liability 
limit and the Department's indemnification amount for DOE contractors 
in the case of certain nuclear incidents outside the United States from 
$100 million to $500 million; and (3) modify section 234A of the AEA--
which imposes civil penalties on DOE contractors covered by PAA 
indemnification for violations of DOE nuclear safety regulations--in 
regard to nonprofit entities that are DOE contractors. Specifically, 
the modifications to section 234A rescinded the automatic remission of 
civil penalties for DOE contractors in violation of nuclear safety 
regulations that are nonprofit educational institutions and repealed 
the exemption from such penalties for seven named entities. In its 
place, the 2005 Amendments imposed a limitation on civil penalties for 
not-for-profit contractors, subcontractors, or suppliers to not exceed 
the total amount of fees paid within any 1-year period under the 
contract under which the violation occurs.\18\ In addition, the 2005 
Amendments re-instituted the DOE mandate under section 170p. to report 
to Congress on the need for continuation, modification or elimination 
of PAA provisions, with a due date of December 31, 2021, four years 
prior to the 2025 expiration of the extended PAA authority.\19\
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    \17\ The 2005 Amendments modified certain authorities applicable 
to either or both the NRC and DOE. This Notice focuses on those 
modifications applicable to DOE and does not address the 
modifications specific to the NRC.
    \18\ Price-Anderson Amendments Act of 2005, supra note 2, at 
tit. IV, Sec. Sec.  604-05, 610 (amending Atomic Energy Act Sec.  
170, 234A.b, codified at 42 U.S.C. 2210(d)-(e), 2282a).
    \19\ Id. at tit. IV, Sec.  606 (amending Atomic Energy Act Sec.  
170p., codified at 42 U.S.C. 2210(p)). As previously noted, the 
reporting requirements of section 170p. also apply to the NRC, which 
is responsible to submit its own report to Congress. Supra note 7.
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    In response to the 2005 Amendments, DOE amended its regulations in 
10 CFR part 820, Procedural Rules for DOE Nuclear Activities, to 
implement the new requirements concerning civil penalty assessments 
against certain DOE contractors, subcontractors, and suppliers.\20\ 
Further in compliance with the 2005 Amendments, DOE has reset and 
published in the Federal Register every 5 years an inflation-adjustment 
to the liability limit and DOE indemnification amount, currently set at 
approximately $13.7 billion based on a

[[Page 40034]]

2018 adjustment.\21\ The increases in indemnification amounts (other 
than the inflation adjustments) required only that DOE update its 
contracting policies to reflect the new indemnification limits for 
nuclear incidents occurring after the effective date of the 2005 
Amendments (i.e., August 8, 2005).\22\
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    \20\ Procedural Rules for DOE Nuclear Activities, 10 CFR 820.20. 
For historical background, see Procedural Rules for DOE Nuclear 
Activities, 73 FR 19761 (Apr. 11, 2008) (original notice of proposed 
rulemaking) and Procedural Rules for DOE Nuclear Activities, 74 FR 
11830 (Mar. 20, 2009) (notice of issuance of the Final Rule).
    \21\ Supra text accompanying note 3.
    \22\ U.S. Dep't of Energy, Acquisition Letter on Implementation 
of the Price-Anderson Amendments Act of 2005, AL-2005-15 (Oct. 5, 
2005), at 2, 3. AL-2005-15 also included contracting policy updates 
to implement aspects of the change in civil penalty assessments for 
certain not-for-profit contractors resulting from the 2005 
Amendments.
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    The preparation of the report to Congress on the need for 
continuation, modification or elimination of PAA provisions (which is 
the subject of this Notice) is one of the remaining actions to be taken 
by DOE in accordance with the 2005 Amendments.

3. Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage

    The CSC is an international treaty adopted under the auspices of 
the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) that establishes a global 
nuclear liability regime to address legal liability and compensation of 
victims in the event of a nuclear incident.\23\ The CSC provides 
consistent rules for addressing legal liability for Parties to the CSC 
and, in the event of a nuclear incident in any Party's territory, 
requires all Parties to contribute to an international supplementary 
fund to provide an additional tier of compensation beyond that 
available under that Party's national law.\24\ At the time of the 1998 
Report and the 2005 Amendments, the United States had signed the 
Convention but not ratified it. In 2006, the Senate ratified the CSC, 
and in the following year, Congress passed the Energy Independence and 
Security Act of 2007 (EISA), which includes section 934, Convention on 
Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage Contingent Cost 
Allocation, to implement the CSC in the United States.\25\ The CSC went 
into effect in 2015,\26\ and at present has eleven member countries, 
and nineteen signatory countries.\27\
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    \23\ Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear 
Damage, Sept. 29, 1997, T.I.A.S. No. 15-415 (entered into force Apr. 
15, 2015) (to be referenced as ``Convention''). For the full text of 
the Convention and related information, see Convention on 
Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage, Int'l Atomic Energy 
Agency, https://www.iaea.org/topics/nuclear-liability-conventions/convention-supplementary-compensation-nuclear-damage.
    \24\ Convention, supra note 23, at art. 2. ``Territory'' is not 
limited to a Party's geographic boundaries (e.g., ships operating 
under a contracting Party's flag are included). Id. at art. 5.
    \25\ Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, Public Law 
110-140, 934, 121 Stat. 1492, 1741 (codified at 42 U.S.C. 17373).
    \26\ The CSC went into effect on April 15, 2015, in accordance 
with Article XX.1 of the Convention and acceptance by Japan. 
Convention, supra note 23, at art. 10; see Int'l Atomic Energy 
Agency, Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage 
1 (2019), https://www-legacy.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Conventions/supcomp_status.pdf (showing dates of ratification, 
acceptance, and approval for signatories, to be referenced as 
``Convention Status''). Article XX.1 provides for entry into force 
of the Convention when at least 5 States with a minimum of 400,000 
units of installed nuclear capacity have deposited an instrument of 
ratification, acceptance, or approval with the Director General of 
the IAEA. Convention, supra note 23, at art. 10.
    \27\ Convention Status, supra note 26.
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    The fundamental purposes of the CSC and the PAA are the same: To 
support the safe and secure development of the nuclear industry while 
at the same time ensuring a system of prompt, equitable and meaningful 
compensation in the event of a nuclear incident. The CSC, like other 
nuclear liability treaties,\28\ achieves these purposes by requiring a 
country's domestic (national) nuclear liability law to comply with 
certain international nuclear liability law principles. For the United 
States, this would have required significant changes to the PAA were it 
not for a provision that permits the United States to satisfy the 
Convention if it maintains certain provisions of the PAA that were in 
effect on January 1, 1995 and continue in effect.\29\ Those provisions 
relate primarily to the amount and availability of financial protection 
to compensate for nuclear damage in the event of a nuclear incident. 
The provisions of relevance to DOE's PAA authority \30\ are: (1) DOE 
indemnification for reactors and certain other nuclear installations; 
\31\ (2) definition of ``person indemnified''; \32\ and (3) waiver of 
certain defenses with respect to ``extraordinary nuclear occurrences.'' 
\33\ As a result, any changes to these provisions that Congress may 
contemplate must be considered in light of the treaty obligations of 
the United States under the CSC.
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    \28\ The other major nuclear liability treaties are the Paris 
Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy, 
July 29, 1960, 1519 U.N.T.S. 329, and the Vienna Convention on Civil 
Liability for Nuclear Damage, May 21, 1963, 1063 U.N.T.S. 265.
    \29\ Convention, supra note 23, at Annex art. 2.
    \30\ The PAA provisions of specific relevance to the NRC align 
with: (1) NRC's financial protection requirements for reactors with 
capacity of 100 megawatts or greater (Atomic Energy Act Sec.  170b., 
codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. 2210(b), corresponding to part of 
Convention provision Annex art. 2.1.c, requiring the national law of 
a Contracting Party to provide at least 1000 million SDRs of 
compensation for nuclear damage resulting from a nuclear incident at 
a power reactor); and (2) NRC's indemnification for reactors with 
capacity of 100 megawatts or less, and certain other nuclear 
installations (Atomic Energy Act Sec.  170c., codified as amended at 
42 U.S.C. 2210(c)), corresponding to part of Convention provision 
Annex art. 2.1.c, requiring the national law of a Contracting Party 
to provide at least 300 million SDRs of compensation for nuclear 
damage resulting from a nuclear incident at a non-power reactor and 
certain other nuclear installations.
    \31\ Atomic Energy Act Sec.  170d., codified as amended at 42 
U.S.C. 2210(d) (corresponding to Convention provision Annex art. 
2.1.c in its entirety, requiring the national law of a Contracting 
Party to provide at least 1000 million SDRs of compensation for 
nuclear damage resulting from a nuclear incident at a power reactor 
and to provide at least 300 million SDRs of compensation for nuclear 
damage resulting from a nuclear incident at a non-power reactor and 
certain other nuclear installations).
    \32\ Atomic Energy Act Sec.  11t., codified as amended at 42 
U.S.C. 2014(t) (corresponding to Convention provision Annex art. 
2.1.b, requiring the national law of a Contracting Party to 
indemnify any person who has legal liability for nuclear damage 
resulting from a nuclear incident).
    \33\ Atomic Energy Act Sec.  170n., codified as amended at 42 
U.S.C. 2210(n) (corresponding to Convention provision Annex art. 
2.1.a, requiring the national law of a Contracting Party to impose 
strict liability with respect to a nuclear incident resulting in 
substantial offsite damage).
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    Equally important, in ratifying and implementing the CSC, Congress 
ensured the legal and operational framework of the PAA is not affected 
by the compensation system established by the CSC. Section 934(a) of 
EISA specifies that the United States' contributions to the CSC 
international supplementary fund cannot upset settled expectations 
based on the liability regime established under the PAA.\34\ For a 
nuclear incident covered by the PAA, funds already available under the 
PAA would be used to fulfill the United States' contributions without 
any increase in the amount of funds that NRC licensees must make 
available under the PAA. For a nuclear incident outside the United 
States not covered by the PAA, funds made available by a new 
retrospective risk pooling program for nuclear suppliers would be used 
to fulfill the United States' contributions.\35\ In all cases covered 
by the PAA, the United States would receive more funds from the CSC 
international fund than its contribution to that fund and the PAA 
public liability amount would be increased by that incremental 
amount.\36\
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    \34\ Energy Independence and Security Act, supra note 25, at 
Sec.  934(a)(1)(H)(i) (codified at 42 U.S.C. 17373(a)(1)(H)(i)).
    \35\ Id. at Sec. Sec.  934(a)(1)(I)-(J), 934(a)(2)(B) (codified 
at 42 U.S.C. 17373(a)(1)(I)-(J), 42 U.S.C. 17373(a)(2)(B)). The 
Department initiated a rulemaking to develop and implement the 
retrospective risk pooling program applicable to U.S. nuclear 
suppliers, to be codified at 10 CFR part 951. See Convention on 
Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage Contingent Cost 
Allocation, 79 FR 75076 (Dec. 17, 2014). The proposed rulemaking is 
currently pending.
    \36\ Energy Independence and Security Act, supra note 25, at 
Sec.  934(d) (codified at 42 U.S.C. 17373(d)).

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[[Page 40035]]

III. List of Questions

    The following is a non-exhaustive list of questions that may be 
relevant to the Congressional mandate of section 170p. that DOE report 
on ``the need for continuation or modification of the provisions of 
[the PAA] taking into account the condition of the nuclear industry, 
availability of private insurance, and the state of knowledge 
concerning nuclear safety at that time, among other relevant factors.'' 
\37\ While the list is current, many of the questions are reproduced in 
whole or in part from the 1997 NOI; they reflect questions and topics 
that remain pertinent today. In addition, while the list of questions 
may overlap with topics relevant to the NRC's administration of the 
PAA, DOE requests that comments be directed to DOE and its activities 
as the NRC is responsible for its own report to Congress on the PAA. 
The list is included in this Notice to spur consideration of the PAA in 
its operation and effect and facilitate public comment. This list is 
not intended to limit or restrict the topics or areas of public 
comment, nor is it meant to indicate or commit that DOE will address 
all the questions in its report to Congress.
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    \37\ Atomic Energy Act Sec.  170p., codified as amended at 42 
U.S.C. 2210(p).
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    DOE requests the public to submit comments that identify the 
specific provision(s) of the PAA to which a position is expressed, be 
specific in regard to the DOE activity(s) in question, and explain in 
as much detail as possible the rationale for the position.
    1. Should the DOE Price-Anderson indemnification be continued 
without modification?
    2. Should the DOE Price-Anderson indemnification be eliminated or 
made discretionary with respect to all or specific DOE activities? If 
discretionary, what procedures and criteria should be used to determine 
which activities or categories of activities should receive 
indemnification?
    3. Should the DOE Price-Anderson indemnification continue to 
provide omnibus coverage of all persons legally liable for nuclear 
damage, or should it be restricted to DOE contractors or to DOE 
contractors, subcontractors, and suppliers?
    4. If the DOE indemnification were not available for all or 
specified DOE activities, are there acceptable alternatives? Possible 
alternatives might include Public Law 85-804, section 162 of the AEA, 
general contract indemnity, no indemnity, or private insurance. To the 
extent possible in discussing alternatives, compare each alternative to 
the DOE Price-Anderson indemnification, including operation, cost, 
coverage, risk, and protection of potential claimants.
    5. To what extent, if any, would the elimination of the DOE Price-
Anderson indemnification affect the ability of DOE to perform its 
various missions? Explain your reasons for believing that performance 
of all or specific activities would or would not be affected.
    6. To what extent, if any, would the elimination of the DOE Price-
Anderson indemnification affect the willingness of existing or 
potential contractors to perform activities for DOE? Explain your 
reasons for believing that willingness to undertake all or specific 
activities would or would not be affected.
    7. To what extent, if any, would the elimination of the DOE Price-
Anderson indemnification affect the ability of DOE contractors to 
obtain goods and services from subcontractors and suppliers? Explain 
your reasons for believing that the availability of goods and services 
for all or specific DOE activities would or would not be affected.
    8. To what extent, if any, would the elimination of the DOE Price-
Anderson indemnification affect the ability of claimants to receive 
compensation for nuclear damage resulting from a DOE activity? Explain 
your reasons for believing the ability of claimants to be compensated 
for nuclear damage resulting from all or specific DOE activities would 
or would not be affected.
    9. What is the existing and the potential availability of private 
insurance to cover liability for nuclear damage resulting from DOE 
activities? What would be the cost and the coverage of such insurance? 
To what extent, if any, would the availability, cost, and coverage be 
dependent on the type of activity involved? To what extent, if any, 
would the availability, cost, and coverage be dependent on whether the 
activity was a new activity or an existing activity? If the DOE Price-
Anderson indemnification were not available, how would that affect the 
availability of insurance? Should DOE require contractors to obtain 
private insurance if the DOE Price-Anderson indemnification were not 
available?
    10. Should the amount of the DOE Price-Anderson indemnification for 
all or specified DOE activities inside the United States (currently 
approximately $13.7 billion, adjusted for inflation), and outside the 
United States ($500 million) remain the same or be increased or 
decreased?
    11. Should the limit on aggregate public liability be eliminated? 
If so, how should the resulting unlimited liability be funded? Does the 
rationale for the limit on aggregate public liability differ depending 
on whether the nuclear incident results from a DOE activity or from an 
activity of an NRC licensee?
    12. Should the DOE Price-Anderson indemnification continue to cover 
DOE contractors and other persons when a nuclear incident results from 
their gross negligence or willful misconduct? If not, what would be the 
effects, if any, on: (1) The operation of the Price-Anderson system 
with respect to the nuclear incident, (2) other persons indemnified, 
(3) potential claimants, and (4) the cost of the nuclear incident to 
DOE? To what extent is it possible to minimize any detrimental effects 
on persons other than the person whose gross negligence or willful 
misconduct resulted in a nuclear incident? For example, what would be 
the effect if the United States government were given the right to seek 
reimbursement for the amount of the indemnification paid from a DOE 
contractor or other person whose gross negligence or willful misconduct 
causes a nuclear incident?
    13. Should the definition of nuclear incident be expanded to 
include occurrences that result from DOE activity outside the United 
States where such activity does not involve nuclear material owned by, 
and used by or under contract with, the United States? For example, 
should the DOE Price-Anderson indemnification be available for 
activities of DOE contractors that are undertaken outside the United 
States for purposes such as non-proliferation, nuclear risk reduction 
or improvement of nuclear safety? If so, should the DOE Price-Anderson 
indemnification for these additional activities be mandatory or 
discretionary?
    14. Should the PAA be modified to extend its authorization beyond 
2025, or to make permanent the authorization? If so, what would be the 
effect, if any, on the DOE Price-Anderson indemnification? What would 
be the effect, if any, on the United States' adherence to the CSC?
    15. Should the PAA be modified as necessary to enable the United 
States to become a party to other international nuclear liability law 
treaties in addition to the CSC (that is, replace state tort law with 
the international nuclear liability principles, including channeling 
all legal liability exclusively to the operator on the basis of strict 
liability)? If so, what would be the effect, if any, on the system of 
financial protection, indemnification and compensation established by 
the PAA?
    16. Should the PAA be modified to harmonize the operation of the 
PAA and

[[Page 40036]]

the CSC? If so, describe the modification and explain the rationale.
    17. Should section 934 of EISA be modified, especially with respect 
to the mechanisms for funding the United States' contribution to the 
CSC international fund? If so, describe the modification and explain 
the rationale.
    18. Should the procedures in the PAA for administrative and 
judicial proceedings be modified? If so, describe the modification and 
explain the rationale.
    19. Should there be any modification in the types of claims covered 
by the PAA system?
    20. What modifications in the PAA or its implementation, if any, 
could facilitate the prompt payment and settlement of claims?
    21. Should the PAA be modified to address any unique circumstances 
or issues raised by the development and deployment of advanced nuclear 
reactors, including small modular reactors and microreactors? If so, 
describe the modification and explain the rationale.
    22. Should the PAA be modified to address any unique circumstances 
or issues raised by research and development activities related to 
advanced nuclear reactors, including small modular reactors and 
microreactors at DOE sites or by DOE contractors? If so, describe the 
modification and explain the rationale.
    23. Should the PAA be modified to address any issues raised by 
current or anticipated changes in the nuclear industry such as 
increased use of reactors with capacity of less than 100 megawatts, 
decreased use of reactors with capacity of greater than 100 megawatts, 
and deployment of fusion reactors? If so, describe the modification and 
explain the rationale.
    24. Should the PAA be modified to address any environmental justice 
or equity and inclusion issues that may be associated with the 
implementation of the PAA, or the administration of claims covered by 
the PAA? If so, describe the modification and explain the rationale.

Signing Authority

    This document of the Department of Energy was signed on July 20, 
2021, by John T. Lucas, Acting General Counsel, Office of the General 
Counsel, pursuant to delegated authority from the Secretary of Energy. 
That document with the original signature and date is maintained by 
DOE. For administrative purposes only, and in compliance with 
requirements of the Office of the Federal Register, the undersigned DOE 
Federal Register Liaison Officer has been authorized to sign and submit 
the document in electronic format for publication, as an official 
document of the Department of Energy. This administrative process in no 
way alters the legal effect of this document upon publication in the 
Federal Register.

    Signed in Washington, DC, on July 21, 2021.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S. Department of Energy.
[FR Doc. 2021-15840 Filed 7-23-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
```