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ARS Home Pacific West Area Davis, California Western Human Nutrition Research Center Immunity and Disease Prevention Research People





Charles B Stephensen    Center Director **RESEARCH LEADER**
430 West Health Sciences Drive
University of California, Davis
Davis, CA 95616

Phone:(530) 304-3528
/ARSUserFiles/5405/Stephensen_Charles_001.jpg   **STEPHENSEN LAB**
 Biography
                              Charles B. Stephensen, Ph.D., is a Research Leader at the USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center (WHNRC) in Davis, CA and an Adjunct Professor of Nutrition at U.C. Davis.  He has a longstanding interest in research on the effect of nutrition on immune function, with a particular focus on the effects of vitamin A, as well as vitamin D, on immune function.  Recent work has focused on vitamin D and immune function in pregnancy, and on the health benefits of vitamin D supplementation during HIV infection.  Ongoing work at the WHNRC is examining the associations of typical diet with the intestinal microbiota and the potential impact of the microbiota on systemic immune activation and inflammation.  Many of Dr. Stephensen’s studies have involved international collaborations, particularly in Peru and Bangladesh.  For example, he has collaborated with several investigators on different projects at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) since 1986.  These studies have examined the association of gastric acid production with risk of development of cholera, the effect of infectious diseases, such as diarrhea, dysentery and pneumonia, on vitamin A metabolism in infants and children, and effect of vitamin A supplementation on immune function.  Recent studies have also focused on the association of the gut microbiota community composition of healthy infants with response to early childhood immunization.  Dr. Stephensen obtained a B.S. degree in Biochemistry at the University of California, Davis, M.S. degree in Human Nutrition at Cornell University and a Ph.D. in Immunology and Infectious Diseases at the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health in Baltimore, Maryland.  He trained as a postdoctoral fellow in Virology at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Maryland.  Dr. Stephensen was a faculty member in the Department of International Health, School of Public Health at the University of Alabama at Birmingham for 10 years and also served as acting Director of the Sparkman Center for International Public Health Education. In 1998 he moved to the WHNRC.   Dr. Stephensen is a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Nutrition and has authored over 100 scientific publications.
 Publications(Clicking on the reprint iconReprint Icon  will take you to the publication reprint.)Association of estimated daily lactose consumption, lactase persistence genotype (rs4988235), and gut microbiota in healthy U.S. adults-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Kable, M.E., Chin, E., Huang, L., Stephensen, C.B., Lemay, D.G. 2023. Association of estimated daily lactose consumption, lactase persistence genotype (rs4988235), and gut microbiota in healthy U.S. adults. Journal of Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.025.Cumulative physiological stress is associated with age-related changes to peripheral T lymphocyte subsets in healthy humans-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Snodgrass, R.G., Jiang, X., Stephensen, C.B., Laugero, K.D. 2023. Cumulative physiological stress is associated with age-related changes to peripheral T lymphocyte subsets in healthy humans. Immunity & Ageing. 20. Article 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00357-5.Effects of a genetic variant rs13266634 in the zinc transporter 8 gene (SLC30A8) on insulin and lipid levels before and after a high-fat mixed macronutrient tolerance test in U.S. adults-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Yang, Z., Wang, Y.E., Kirschke-Schneide, C.P., Stephensen, C.B., Newman, J.W., Keim, N.L., Cai, Y., Huang, L. 2023. Effects of a genetic variant rs13266634 in the zinc transporter 8 gene (SLC30A8) on insulin and lipid levels before and after a high-fat mixed macronutrient tolerance test in U.S. adults. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 77. Article 127142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127142.Trimethylamine N-Oxide response to a mixed macronutrient tolerance test in a cohort of United States adults-(Peer Reviewed Journal) James, K.L., Gertz, E.R., Kirschke-Schneide, C.P., Allayee, H., Huang, L., Kable, M.E., Newman, J.W., Stephensen, C.B., Bennett, B.J. 2023. Trimethylamine N-Oxide response to a mixed macronutrient tolerance test in a cohort of United States adults. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 24(3). Article 2074. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032074.Dietary intake of monosaccharides from foods is associated with characteristics of the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal inflammation in healthy US adults-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Larke, J.A., Bacalzo, N., Castillo, J.J., Couture, G., Chen, Y., Xue, Z., Alkan, Z., Kable, M.E., Lebrilla, C.B., Stephensen, C.B., Lemay, D.G. 2022. Dietary intake of monosaccharides from foods is associated with characteristics of the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal inflammation in healthy US adults. Journal of Nutrition. 153(1):106-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.008.Effect of a diet based on the dietary guidelines for americans on inflammation markers in women at risk for cardiometabolic disease: results of a randomized, controlled trial-(Peer Reviewed Journal)Daily preventive zinc supplementation increases the antibody response against pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with zinc insufficiency: A randomized controlled trial-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Kewcharoenwong, C., Sein, M., Nithichanon, A., Khongmee, A., Wessels, R.K., Hinnouho, G., Barffour, M.A., Kounnavong, S., Hess, S.Y., Stephensen, C.B., Letmemongkolchai, G. 2022. Daily preventive zinc supplementation increases the antibody response against pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with zinc insufficiency: A randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports. 12. Article 16084. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20445-8.Monocyte subsets display age-dependent alterations at fasting and undergo non-age-dependent changes following consumption of a meal-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Snodgrass, R.G., Jiang, X., Stephensen, C.B. 2022. Monocyte subsets display age-dependent alterations at fasting and undergo non-age-dependent changes following consumption of a meal. Immunity & Ageing. 19. Article 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-022-00297-6.SNPs in apolipoproteins contribute to sex-dependent differences in blood lipids before and after a high-fat dietary challenge in healthy U.S. adults-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Wang, Y.E., Kirschke-Schneide, C.P., Woodhouse, L.R., Bonnel, E.L., Stephensen, C.B., Bennett, B.J., Newman, J.W., Keim, N.L., Huang, L. 2022. SNPs in apolipoproteins contribute to sex-dependent differences in blood lipids before and after a high-fat dietary challenge in healthy U.S. adults. Biomed Central (BMC) Nutrition. 8. Article 95. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-022-00592-x.Associations of microbial and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-derived tryptophan metabolites with immune activation in healthy adults-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Riazati, N., Kable, M.E., Newman, J.W., Adkins, Y.C., Freytag, T.L., Jiang, X., Stephensen, C.B. 2022. Associations of microbial and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-derived tryptophan metabolites with immune activation in healthy adults. Frontiers in Immunology. 13. Article 917966. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.917966.Low intake of dietary fiber is associated with gastrointestinal inflammation in healthy U.S. adults-(Abstract Only) Bouzid, Y.Y., Alkan, Z., Stephensen, C.B., Lemay, D.G. 2022. Low intake of dietary fiber is associated with gastrointestinal inflammation in healthy U.S. adults. Current Developments in Nutrition. 6/974. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac068.003.Carbohydrate active enzyme profiles of gut microbiomes from low and adequate fiber consumers in a healthy U.S. cohort-(Abstract Only) Blecksmith, S.E., Xue, Z., Tang, Y., Alkan, Z., Stephensen, C.B., Kable, M.E., Lemay, D.G. 2022. Carbohydrate active enzyme profiles of gut microbiomes from low and adequate fiber consumers in a healthy U.S. cohort. Current Developments in Nutrition. 6/999. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac069.004.Diversity of monosaccharide composition of diets consumed by healthy U.S. adults is highly variable and positively associated with the healthy eating index-(Abstract Only) Larke, J.A., Chin, E.L., Castillo, J.J., Bacalzo, N., Couture, G., Stephensen, C.B., Labrilla, C.B., Lemay, D.G. 2022. Diversity of monosaccharide composition of diets consumed by healthy U.S. adults is highly variable and positively associated with the healthy eating index. Current Developments in Nutrition. 6/519. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac077.022.Usda-ars cross-sectional nutritional phenotyping study gut microbiota-(Database / Dataset) Kable, M.E., Stephensen, C.B. 2023. Usda-ars cross-sectional nutritional phenotyping study gut microbiota. European Nucleotide Archive. PRJEB53463. https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB53463.Association of microbial tryptophan metabolites and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase with immune activity in healthy adults-(Abstract Only) Riazati, N., Kable, M.E., Newman, J.W., Stephensen, C.B. 2022. Association of microbial tryptophan metabolites and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase with immune activity in healthy adults. Current Developments in Nutrition. 6/993. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac068.022.Nutrition, immunosenescence and infectious disease: An overview of the scientific evidence on micronutrients and on modulation of the gut microbiota-(Review Article) Calder, P.C., Ortega, E.F., Meydani, S.N., Adkins, Y.C., Stephensen, C.B., Thompson, B., Zwickey, H. 2022. Nutrition, immunosenescence and infectious disease: An overview of the scientific evidence on micronutrients and on modulation of the gut microbiota. Advances in Nutrition. 13(5):S1-S26. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmac052.Association of diet and antimicrobial resistance in healthy U.S. adults-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Oliver, A., Xue, Z., Villanueva, Y.T., Durbin-Johnson, B., Alkan, Z., Taft, D.H., Liu, J., Korf, I., Laugero, K.D., Stephensen, C.B., Mills, D.A., Kable, M.E., Lemay, D.G. 2022. Association of diet and antimicrobial resistance in healthy U.S. adults. mBio. 13(3). Article e00101-22. https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00101-22.Assessing insulin sensitivity and postprandial triglyceridemic response phenotypes with a mixed macronutrient tolerance test-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Newman, J.W., Krishnan, S., Borkowski, K., Adams, S.H., Stephensen, C.B., Keim, N.L. 2022. Assessing insulin sensitivity and postprandial triglyceridemic response phenotypes with a mixed macronutrient tolerance test. Frontiers in Nutrition. 9. Article 877696. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.877696.Diet, fecal microbiome, and trimethylamine N-oxide in a cohort of metabolically healthy United States adults-(Peer Reviewed Journal) James, K.L., Gertz, E.R., Cervantes, E., Bonnel, E., Stephensen, C.B., Kable, M.E., Bennett, B.J. 2022. Diet, fecal microbiome, and trimethylamine N-oxide in a cohort of metabolically healthy United States adults. Nutrients. 14(7). Article 1376. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071376.Bifidobacterium species colonization in infancy: A global cross-sectional comparison by population history of breastfeeding-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Taft, D.H., Lewis, Z.T., Nguyen, N., Ho, S., Masarweh, C., Dunne-Castagna, V., Tancredi, D.J., Huda, N.M., Stephensen, C.B., Hinde, K., Von Mutius, V., Kirjavainen, P., Dalphin, J., Launer, R., Riedler, J., Smilowitz, J., German, B.J., Morrow, A.L., Mills, D.A. 2022. Bifidobacterium species colonization in infancy: A global cross-sectional comparison by population history of breastfeeding. Pediatric Research. 14(7):1423.  https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071423.Tree-based analysis of dietary diversity captures associations between fiber intake and gut microbiota composition in a healthy U.S. adult cohort-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Kable, M.E., Chin, E.L., Storms, D.H., Lemay, D.G., Stephensen, C.B. 2021. Tree-based analysis of dietary diversity captures associations between fiber intake and gut microbiota composition in a healthy U.S. adult cohort. Journal of Nutrition. 152(3):779-788. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab430.Exploring the links between diet and inflammation: dairy foods as a case study-(Review Article)Association between physiological stress load and diet quality patterns differs between male and female adults-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Dimitratos, S., Hercules, M., Stephensen, C.B., Cervantes, E., Laugero, K.D. 2021. Association between physiological stress load and diet quality patterns differs between male and female adults. Physiology and Behavior. 240. Article 113538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113538.Machine learning identifies stool pH as predictor of bone mineral density in healthy multiethnic US adults-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Chin, E.L., Van Loan, M., Spearman, S., Bonnel, E.L., Laugero, K.D., Stephensen, C.B., Lemay, D.G. 2021. Machine learning identifies stool pH as predictor of bone mineral density in healthy multiethnic US adults. Journal of Nutrition. 151(11):3379-3390. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab266.Nutrition in adolescent growth and development-(Review Article) Norris, S., Frongillo, E., Black, M., Dong, Y., Fall, C., Lampl, M., Liese, A., Naguib, M., Prentice, A., Rochat, T., Stephensen, C.B., Tinago, C.B., Ward, K., Wrottesley, S.V., Patton, G.C. 2021. Nutrition in adolescent growth and development. Lancet. 399(10320):172-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01590-7.Healthy eating index patterns in adults by sex and age predict cardiometabolic risk factors in a cross-sectional study-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Artegoitia Etchev, V.M., Krishnan, S., Bonnel, E.L., Stephensen, C.B., Keim, N.L., Newman, J.W. 2021. Healthy eating index patterns in adults by sex and age predict cardiometabolic risk factors in a cross-sectional study. Biomed Central (BMC) Nutrition. 7. Article 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-021-00432-4.Effect of manual data cleaning on nutrient intakes using the
automated self-administered 24-hour dietary assessment tool (ASA24)-(Abstract Only) Bouzid, Y.Y., Arsenault, J.E., Bonnel, E.L., Cervantes, E., Kan, A., Burnett, D.J., Keim, N.L., Lemay, D.G., Stephensen, C.B. 2021. Effect of manual data cleaning on nutrient intakes using the automated self-administered 24-hour dietary assessment tool (ASA24) . Current Developments in Nutrition. 5/3. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab005.Manual data cleaning modifications can significantly change nutrient values recorded in automated self-administered 24-hour recalls (ASA24)-(Peer Reviewed Journal)Vitamin A and SARS-CoV2 infection: roles in host resistance and recovery from infection-(Review Article) Stephensen, C.B., Liets, G. 2021. Vitamin A in resistance to and recovery from infection: relevance to SARS-CoV2. British Journal of Nutrition. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521000246.Technician-scored stool consistency spans the full range of the bristol scale in a healthy US population and differs by diet and chronic stress load-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Lemay, D.G., Baldiviez, L.M., Chin, E.L., Spearman, S., Cervantes, E., Woodhouse, L.R., Keim, N.L., Stephensen, C.B., Laugero, K.D. 2021. Technician-scored stool consistency spans the full range of the Bristol scale in a healthy US population and differs by diet and chronic stress load. Journal of Nutrition. 151(6):1443-1452. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab019.Primer on immune response and interface with malnutrition-(Book / Chapter) Stephensen, C.B. 2020. Primer on immune response and interface with malnutrition. In: Humphries D.L., Scott M.E., Vermund S.H., editors. Nutrition and Infectious Diseases. Nutrition and Health. Cham, Switzerland: Humana. p. 83-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56913-6_3.Indole-3-lactic acid associated with Bifidobacterium-dominated microbiota significantly decreases inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Ehrlich, A.M., Pacheco, A.R., Henrick, B.M., Taft, D., Xe, G., Huda, N.M., Mishchuk, D., Goodson, M., Slupsky, C., Barile, D., Lebrilla, C.B., Stephensen, C.B., Mills, D.A., Raybould, H.E. 2020. Indole-3-lactic acid associated with Bifidobacterium-dominated microbiota significantly decreases inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells. Gut Microbes. 20:357. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-02023-y.High-dose vitamin A supplementation at birth increases the percentage of CCR9+ treg cells in infants with lower birthweight in early infancy and decreases plasma sCD14 and prevalence of vitamin A deficiency at two years-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Ahmad, S.M., Hudaa, N.M., Raqib, R., Qadri, F., Peerson, J., Tanumihardjo, S., Stephensen, C.B. 2020. High-dose vitamin A supplementation at birth increases the percentage of CCR9+ treg cells in infants with lower birthweight in early infancy and decreases plasma sCD14 and prevalence of vitamin A deficiency at two years. Journal of Nutrition. 150(11):3005-3012. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa260.Association of estimated daily lactose consumption, lactase persistence genotype (rs4988235), and gut microbiota in healthy U.S. adults-(Abstract Only) Kable, M.E., Chin, E.L., Huang, L., Stephensen, C.B., Lemay, D.G. 2020. Association of estimated daily lactose consumption, lactase persistence genotype (rs4988235), and gut microbiota in healthy U.S. adults. Current Developments in Nutrition. 4/2/1566. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa062_023.Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is not associated with average daily inatke of red meat or TMAO precursor foods in a generally healthy population-(Abstract Only) Kristen, J., Gertz, E.R., Stephensen, C.B., Bennett, B.J. 2020. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is not associated with average daily inatke of red meat or TMAO precursor foods in a generally healthy population. Current Developments in Nutrition. 4(2):37. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa040_037.Estimated daily Lactose consumption in healthy U.S. adults in relation to lactase persistence genotype (rs4988235)-(Abstract Only)Daily preventive zinc supplementation decreases lymphocyte and eosinophil concentrations in rural Laotian children from communities with a high prevalence of zinc deficiency: results of a randomized controlled trial-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Kewcharoenwong, C., Schuster, G.U., Wessells, R.K., Hinnouho, G., Barffour, M.A., Kounnavong, S., Brown, K.H., Hess, S.Y., Samer, W., Tussakhon, I., Lertmemongkolchai, G., Peerson, J.M., Stephensen, C.B. 2020. Daily preventive zinc supplementation decreases lymphocyte and eosinophil concentrations in rural laotian children from communities with a high prevalence of zinc deficiency: results of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nutrition. 150(8):2204-2213. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa037.Impact of daily preventive zinc or therapeutic zinc supplementation for diarrhea on plasma biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction among rural Laotian children: a randomized controlled trial-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Wessells, R.K., Hinnouho, G., Barffour, M., Arnold, C., Kounnavong, S., Kewcharoenwong, C., Lertmemongkolchai, G., Schuster, G., Stephensen, C.B., Hess, S. 2020. Impact of daily preventive zinc or therapeutic zinc supplementation for diarrhea on plasma biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction among rural laotian children: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 102(2):415-426. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0584.Association of lactase persistence genotypes (rs4988235) and ethnicity with dairy intake in a healthy U.S. population-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Chin, E.L., Huang, L., Bouzid, Y.Y., Kirschke, C.P., Durbin-Johnson, B., Baldiviez, L.M., Bonnel, E.L., Keim, N.L., Korf, I., Stephensen, C.B., Lemay, D.G. 2019. Association of lactase persistence genotypes (rs4988235) and ethnicity with dairy intake in a healthy U.S. population. Nutrients. 11(8):1860. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081860.High-Dose, neonatal vitamin A supplementation transiently decreases thymic function in early infancy-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Ahmad, S., Raqib, R., Huda, N.M., Alam, M.J., Monirujjaman, M., Akhter, T., Wagatsuma, Y., Qadri, F., Tanumihardjo, S., Zerofsky, M.S., Stephensen, C.B. 2020. High-Dose, neonatal vitamin A supplementation transiently decreases thymic function in early infancy. Journal of Nutrition. Volume 150, Issue 1, January 2020, Pages 176–183. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz193.Circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in overweight and obese adults is explained by sun exposure, skin reflectance, and body composition-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Piccolo, B.D., Hall, L.M., Stephensen, C.B., Gertz, E.R., Van Loan, M.D. 2019. Circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in overweight and obese adults is explained by sun exposure, skin reflectance, and body composition. Current Developments in Nutrition. doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz065.Neonatal vitamin A supplementation and vitamin A status are associated with gut microbiome composition in Bangladeshi infants in early infancy and at two years of age-(Peer Reviewed Journal)Bifidobacterium abundance in early infancy and vaccine response at 2 years of age-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Huda, N., Ahmad, S.M., Alam, M.J., Khanam, A., Kalanetra, K.M., Taft, D.H., Raqib, R., Underwood, M.A., Mills, D.A., Stephensen, C.B. 2019. Bifidobacterium abundance in early infancy and vaccine response at 2 years of age. Pediatrics. 143(2):e20181489.Infant cortisol stress-response is associated with thymic function and vaccine response-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Huda, M., Ahmad, S.D., Alam, J., Khanam, A., Alam, N., Raqib, R., Laugero, K.D., Stephensen, C.B. 2018. Infant cortisol stress-response is associated with thymic function and vaccine response. Stress: The International Journal on Biology of Stress. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2018.1484445.Impact of an 8-week controlled feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indices-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Krishnan, S., Adams, S.H., Allen, L.H., Laugero, K.D., Newman, J.W., Stephensen, C.B., Burnett, D.J., Witbracht, M.G., Welch, L.C., Que, E.S., Keim, N.L. 2018. Impact of an 8-week controlled feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indices. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 108(2):266-278. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy113.A randomized controlled-feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indexes-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Krishnan, S., Adams, S.H., Allen, L.H., Laugero, K.D., Newman, J.W., Stephensen, C.B., Burnett, D.J., Witbracht, M., Welch, L.C., Que, E.S., Keim, N.L. 2018. A randomized controlled-feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indexes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 108(2):266-278. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy113.Design and implementation of a cross-sectional nutritional phenotyping study in healthy US adults-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Baldiviez, L.M., Keim, N.L., Laugero, K.D., Hwang, D.H., Huang, L., Woodhouse, L.R., Burnett, D.J., Zerofsky, M., Bonnel, E., Allen, L.H., Newman, J.W., Stephensen, C.B. 2017. Design and implementation of a cross-sectional nutritional phenotyping study in healthy US adults. Biomed Central (BMC) Nutrition. 3(79):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-017-0197-4.Vitamin D3 supplementation increases spine bone mineral density in adolescents and young adults with HIV infection being treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: a randomized, placebo controlled trial-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Havens, P.L., Stephensen, C.B., Van Loan, M.D., Schuster, G.U., Woodhouse, L.R., Flynn, P.M., Gordon, C.M., Pan, C.G., Rutledge, B., Harris, B., Price, G., Meyer, W.M., Hazra, R., Kapogiannis, B.G., Mulligan, K. 2018. Vitamin D3 supplementation increases spine bone mineral density in adolescents and young adults with HIV infection being treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: a randomized, placebo controlled trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases. (2):220-228. 10.1093/cid/cix753.Associations of low vitamin D and elevated parathyroid hormone concentrations with bone mineral density in perinatally HIV-infected children-(Trade Journal) Jacobson, D.L., Stephensen, C.B., Miller, T.L., Patel, K., Chen, J.S., Van Dyke, R.B., Mirza, A., Schuster, G., Hazra, R., Ellis, A., Brummel, S.S., Geffner, M., Silio, M., Spector, S.A., Dimeglio, L. 2017. Associations of low vitamin D and elevated parathyroid hormone concentrations with bone mineral density in perinatally HIV-infected children. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001467.Metabolic effects of inflammation on vitamin A and carotenoids in humans and animal models-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Rubin, L.P., Ross, C.A., Stephensen, C.B., Bohn, T., Tanumihardjo, S.A. 2017. Metabolic effects of inflammation on vitamin A and carotenoids in humans and animal models. Advances in Nutrition. 8:197-212. doi: 10.39945:an.116.014167.Decline in bone mass with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine is associated with hormonal changes in the absence of renal impairment when used by HIV uninfected adolescent boys and young men for HIV pre-exposure-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Havens, P.L., Stephensen, C.B., Van Loan, M.D., Schuster, G., Woodhouse, L.R., Flynn, P.M., Gordon, C.M., Pan, C.G., Rutledge, B., Liu, N., Wilson, C.M., Hazra, R., Hosek, S.G., Anderson, P.L., Seifert, S.M., Kapogiannis, B.G., Mulligan, K. 2016. Decline in bone mass with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine is associated with hormonal changes in the absence of renal impairment when used by HIV uninfected adolescent boys and young men for HIV pre-exposure. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 64/317-325.What causes high fat diet-induced postprandial inflammation: endotoxin or free fatty acids?-(Abstract Only)Daily cholecalciferol supplementation during pregnancy alters markers of regulatory immunity, inflammation, and clinical outcomes in a randomized controlled trial-(Peer Reviewed Journal)Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development – Vitamin A Review-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Tanuminhardjo, S.A., Russell, R.M., Stephensen, C.B., Gannon, B.M., Craft, N.E., Haskell, M.J., Lietz, G., Schulze, K., Raiten, D.J. 2016. Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development – Vitamin A Review. Journal of Nutrition. 146/p.18165-18485.Comparisons of the effect of naturally acquired maternal pertussis antibodies and antenatal vaccination induced maternal tetanus antibodies on infant's antibody secreting lymphocyte responses and circulating plasma antibody-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Ahmad, S.M., Alam, J., Afsar, N.A., Huda, N., Kabir, Y., Qadri, F., Raqib, R., Stephensen, C.B. 2016. Comparisons of the effect of naturally acquired maternal pertussis antibodies and antenatal vaccination induced maternal tetanus antibodies on infant's antibody secreting lymphocyte responses and circulating plasma antibody. Taylor and Francis Group. 12/886-893.Vitamin A and Epigenetic Modifications-(Trade Journal) Stephensen, C.B. 2015. Vitamin A and Epigenetic Modifications. Sight and Life Newsletter. Vol.29(2) Pg 21-23.Impact of nutrition on immune function and the inflammatory response-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Dawson, H.D., Claycombe, K.J. 2015. Impact of nutrition on immune function and the inflammatory response. Journal of Nutrition. 145(5):1039S-1108S. DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.194571.Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE)-(Proceedings) Raiten, D.J., Ashour, F.A., Ross, A.C., Meydani, S.N., Dawson, H.D., Stephensen, C.B., Brabin, B.J., Suchdev, P.S., Van Ommen, B. 2015. Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE). Journal of Nutrition. 145(5):1039S-1108S. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.194571.Stool microbiota and vaccine responses of infants-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Huda, M.N., Lewis, Z., Kalanetra, K.M., Rashid, M.N., Raqib, R., Qadri, F., Underwood, M.A., Mills, D.A., Stephensen, C.B. 2014. Stool microbiota and vaccine responses of infants. Pediatrics. 134:1-11. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-3937.Vitamin D3 supplementation increases fibroblast growth factor-23 in HIV-infected youth treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Havens, P.L., Hazra, R., Stephensen, C.B., Kiser, J., Flynn, P.M., Wilson, C.M., Rutledge, B., Bethel, J., Pan, C., Woodhouse, L.R., Van Loan, M.D., Lui, N., Lujan-Zilbermann, J., Baker, A., Kapogiannis, B.G., Gordon, C.M., Mulligan, K. 2014. Vitamin D3 supplementation increases fibroblast growth factor-23 in HIV-infected youth treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Antiviral Therapy. DOI: 10.3851/IMP2755.Vitamin D Supplementation increases fibroblast growth factor-23 in HIV-infected youth treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Havens, P.L., Hazra, R., Stephensen, C.B., Kiser, J., Flynn, P.M., Wilson, C.M., Rutledge, B., Bethel, J., Pan, C., Woodhouse, L.R., Van Loan, M.D., Lui, N., Lujan-Zilbermann, J., Baker, A., Kapogiannis, B.G., Gordon, C.M., Mulligan, K. 2014. Vitamin D Supplementation increases fibroblast growth factor-23 in HIV-infected youth treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Antiviral Therapy. DOI: 10.3851/imp2755.Dietary long-chain omega-3 fatty acids do not diminish eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation in mice-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Schuster, G.U., Bratt, J., Jiang, X., Pedersen, T.L., Grapov, D., Adkins, Y.C., Kelley, D.S., Newman, J.W., Kenyon, N.J., Stephensen, C.B. 2014. Dietary long-chain omega-3 fatty acids do not diminish eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation in mice. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0136OC.Higher plasma vitamin D binding protein and lower free calcitriol with tenofovir treatment: Cause of a functional vitamin D deficiency?-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Havens, P.L., Kiser, J.J., Stephensen, C.B., Hazra, R., Flynn, P.M., Wilson, C.M., Rutledge, B., Bethel, J., Pan, C.G., Woodhouse, L.R., Van Loan, M.D., Liu, N., Lujan-Zilbermann, J., Baker, A., Kapogiannis, B.G., Gordon, C., Mulligan, K. 2013. Higher plasma vitamin D binding protein and lower free calcitriol with tenofovir treatment: Cause of a functional vitamin D deficiency. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 57:619-28.Big data computing: Building a vision for ARS information management-(Government Publication) James, R.R., Lawrence, C.J., Papiernik, S.K., Van Tassell, C.P., Ahuja, L.R., Baxter, I.R., Cannon, S.B., Lunney, J.K., Rexroad Iii, C.E., Sadler, J., Stanton, T.B., Stephensen, C.B. 2013. Big data computing: Building a vision for ARS information management. USDA. Agricultural Research Service Publication (White Paper).CD4 T-helper cell cytokine phenotypes and antibody response following tetanus toxoid booster immunization-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Livingston, K.A., Jiang, X., Stephensen, C.B. 2013. CD4 T-helper cell cytokine phenotypes and antibody response following tetanus toxoid booster immunization. Journal of Immunological Methods. 390:18-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.01.001.Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D3 supplementation 50,000 IU monthly in youth with HIV-1 infection-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Havens, P.L., Mulligan, K., Hazra, R., Flynn, P., Rutledge, B., Van Loan, M.D., Lujan-Zilberman, J., Kapogiannis, B.G., Wilson, C.M., Stephensen, C.B. 2012. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D3 supplementation 50,000 IU monthly in youth with HIV-1 infection. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 97(11):0000-0000. DOI:10.1210/jc.2012-2600.Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase gene variants affect response to fish oil supplementation by healthy African Americans-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Armstrong, P., Kelley, D.S., Newman, J.W., Staggers, F., Hartiala, J., Allayee, H., Stephensen, C.B. 2012. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase gene variants affect response to fish oil supplementation by healthy African Americans. Journal of Nutrition. 142(8):1417-1428. DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.159814.Ergocalciferol from mushrooms or supplements consumed with a standard meal increases 25-hydroxyergocalciferol but decreases 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the serum of healthy adults-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Zerofsky, M., Burnett, D., Lin, Y., Hammock, B.D., Hall, L.M., Mchugh, T.H. 2012. Ergocalciferol from mushrooms or supplements consumed with a standard meal increases 25-hydroxyergocalciferol but decreases 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the serum of healthy adults. Journal of Nutrition. 142(7):1246-1252. DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.159764.Vitamin A and immune function-(Book / Chapter) Stephensen, C.B. 2012. Vitamin A and immune function. In: Preedy, V.R., editor. Food and Nutritional Components in Focus No. 1: Vitamin A and Carotenoids: Chemistry, Analysis, Function and Effects. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 501-515. DOI:10.1039/ISBNProvitamin A carotenoids and immune function-(Book / Chapter) Stephensen, C.B. 2013. Provitamin A carotenoids and immune function. In: Tanumihardjo, S. Carotenoids and Human Health. New York, NY: Humana Press. pp. 261-270.Vitamin D3 decreases parathyroid hormone in HIV-infected youth being treated with tenofovir: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Havens, P.L., Stephensen, C.B., Hazra, R., Flynn, P.M., Wilson, C.M., Rutledge, B., Bethel, J., Pan, C.G., Woodhouse, L.R., Van Loan, M.D. 2012. Vitamin D3 decreases parathyroid hormone in HIV-infected youth being treated with tenofovir: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 54(7):1013-1025. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir968.Effects of dietary strawberry powder on blood lipids and inflammatory markers in obese human subjects-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Zunino, S.J., Parelman, M., Freytag, T.L., Stephensen, C.B., Kelley, D.S., Mackey, B.E., Woodhouse, L.R., Bonnel, E. 2011. Effects of dietary strawberry powder on blood lipids and inflammatory markers in obese human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition. 1-10. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511006027.Prenatal zinc supplementation of zinc-adequate rats adversely affects immunity in offspring-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Sharkar, M., Jou, M., Hossain, M.B., Lonnerdal, B., Stephensen, C.B., Raquib, R. 2011. Prenatal zinc supplementation of zinc-adequate rats adversely affects immunity in offspring. Journal of Nutrition. 141(8):1559-1564.Associations of obesity with triglycerides and C-reactive protein are attenuated in adults with high red blood cell eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Makhoul, Z., Kristal, A.R., Gulati, R., Luick, B., Bersamin, A., O'Brien, D., Hopkins, S.E., Stephensen, C.B., Stanhope, K.L., Havel, P.J., Boyer, B. 2011. Associations of obesity with triglycerides and C-reactive protein are attenuated in adults with high red blood cell eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 65(7):808-817. Available: http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v65/n7/full/ejcn201139a.htmlALOX5 gene variants affect eicosanoid production and response to fish oil supplementation-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Armstrong, P., Newman, J.W., Pedersen, T.L., Legault, J., Schuster, G., Kelley, D.S., Vikman, S., Hartiala, J., Hooman, A. 2011. ALOX5 gene variants affect eicosanoid production and response to fish oil supplementation. Journal of Lipid Research. 52(5):991-1003.Genetic contribution of the leukotriene pathway to coronary artery disease-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Hartiala, J., Li, D., Conti, D.V., Vikman, S., Patel, Y., Tang, W., Brennan, M., Newman, J.W., Stephensen, C.B., Armstrong, P., Hazen, S.L., Allayee, H. 2011. Genetic contribution of the leukotriene pathway to coronary artery disease. Human Genetics. 129(6):617-627.Nutrition and the immune system-(Book / Chapter) Stephensen, C.B., Zunino, S.J. 2012. Nutrition and the immune system. In: Ross, C., Caballero, B., Cousins, R., Tucker, K., Ziegler, T., editors. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 11th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a division of Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. p. 601-610.Prevalence and risk factors For vitamin D deficiency among healthy infants in Sacramento, California-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Liang, L., Chantry, C., Stephensen, C.B. 2010. Prevalence and risk factors For vitamin D deficiency among healthy infants in Sacramento, California. Pediatrics. 169:1337-1344.Maternal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Has Limited Impact on Micronutrient Status of Bangladeshi Infants Compared with Standard Iron Folic Acid Supplementation-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Eneroth, H., Arifeen, S., Persson, L., Lonnerdal, B., Hossain, M.B., Stephensen, C.B., Ekstrom, E. 2010. Maternal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Has Limited Impact on Micronutrient Status of Bangladeshi Infants Compared with Standard Iron Folic Acid Supplementation. Journal of Nutrition. doi:10.3945/jn.109.111740.Men with Low Vitamin A Stores Respond Adequately to Primary Yellow Fever and Secondary Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Ahmad, S.M., Haskell, M.J., Raqib, R., Stephensen, C.B. 2009. Men with Low Vitamin A Stores Respond Adequately to Primary Yellow Fever and Secondary Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 138:2276-2283.Vitamin A Status is Associated With T-Cell Responses In Bangladeshi Men-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Ahmad, S.M., Haskell, M.J., Raqib, R., Stephensen, C.B. 2009. Vitamin A Stores Are Associated With T-Cell Responses In Bangladeshi Men. British Journal of Nutrition. 102:797-802.Contrasting Roles For All-Trans Retinoic Acid in TGF-ß-mediated Induction of Foxp3 and Il10 Genes in Developing Regulatory T Cells-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Maynard, C.L., Hatton, R.D., Helms, W.S., Oliver, J.R., Stephensen, C.B., Weaver, C.T. 2009. Contrasting Roles For All-Trans Retinoic Acid in TGF-ß-mediated Induction of Foxp3 and Il10 genes in Developing Regulatory T Cells. J. Exp. Med. Vol. 206, No. 2 343-357.Metabolic Profiling of Major Vitamin D Metabolites Using Diels-Alder Derivatization and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Aronov, P.A., Hall, L.M., Dettmer, K., Stephensen, C.B., Hammock, B.D. 2008. Metabolic Profiling of Major Vitamin D Metabolites Using Diels-Alder Derivatization and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistyr, Springer, DOI 10.1007/s00216-008-2095-8.Current Understanding of Vitamin D Metabolism, Nutritional Status, and Role in Disease Prevention-(Book / Chapter) Whiting, S.J., Calvo, M.S., Stephensen, C.B. 2008. Current Understanding of Vitamin D Metabolism, Nutritional Status, and Role in Disease Prevention. Book Chapter. ISBN-13:978-0-12-374118-9, publ.date March 2008, Chapter 43:807-832.Vitamin A deficiency decreases and high dietary vitamin A increases disease severity in the mouse model of asthma-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Schuster, G.U., Kenyon, N.J., Stephensen, C.B. 2008. Vitamin A deficiency decreases and high dietary vitamin A increases disease severity in the mouse model of asthma. Journal of Immunology, 180:1834-1842.Metabolic Syndrome in Yup'ik Eskimos: The Center for Alaska Native Health Research (CANHR) Study-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Boyer, B.B., Mohatt, G.V., Plaetke, R., Herron, J., Stanhope, K.L., Stephensen, C.B., Havel, P.J. 2007. Metabolic Syndrome in Yup'ik Eskimos: The Center for Alaska Native Health Research (CANHR) Study. Obesity. Vol.15 No.11, 2535-2540.DIETS RICH IN POLYPHENOLS AND VITAMIN A INHIBIT THE DEVELOPMENT OF TYPE I AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES IN NONOBESE DIABETIC MICE-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Zunino, S.J., Storms, D.H., Stephensen, C.B. Diets rich in polyphenols and vitamin a inhibit the development of type i autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Journal of Nutrition. 137:1216-1221.DISRUPTION OF RXRA GENE IN THYMOCYTES AND T LYMPHOCYTES MODESTLY ALTERS LYMPHOCYTE FREQUENCIES, PROLIFERATION, SURVIVAL AND T HELPER TYPE 1/TYPE 2 BALANCE-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Borowsky, A.D., Lloyd, K.K. 2007. DISRUPTION OF RXRA GENE IN THYMOCYTES AND T LYMPHOCYTES MODESTLY ALTERS LYMPHOCYTE FREQUENCIES, PROLIFERATION, SURVIVAL AND T HELPER TYPE 1/TYPE 2 BALANCE. Immunology. 121:484-498.Zinc Supplementation to Pregnant Rats with Adequate Zinc Nutriture Suppresses Immune Functions in their Offspring-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Raqib, R., Hossain, M.B., Kelleher, S.L., Stephensen, C.B., Lonnerdal, B. Zinc Supplementation to Pregnant Rats with Adequate Zinc Nutriture Suppresses Immune Functions in their Offspring. Journal of Nutrition. 137: 1037-1042.GLUTATHIONE, GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE AND SELENIUM STATUS IN HIV-POSITIVE AND HIV-NEGATIVE ADOLESCENTS-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Marquis, G.S., Douglas, S.D., Kruzich, L.A., Wilson, C.M. 2007. GLUTATHIONE, GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE AND SELENIUM STATUS IN HIV-POSITIVE AND HIV-NEGATIVE ADOLESCENTS. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.  85:173-181.VITAMINS D STATUS IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH HIV INFECTION-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Marquis, G.S., Kruzich, L.A., Douglas, S.D., Wilson, C.M. 2006. VITAMINS D STATUS IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH HIV INFECTION. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 83:1135-41.VITAMINS C AND E IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH HIV INFECTION-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Marquies, G.S., Jacob, R.A., Kruzich, L.A., Douglas, S.D., Wilson, C.M. 2006. Vitamins c and e in adolescents and young adults with hiv infection. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006. 83:870-879.THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM - FRIEND AND FOE-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Kelley, D.S., Stephensen, C.B. 2006. THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM - FRIEND AND FOE. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 83:187-188, 2006.LYSINE DEFICIENCY AND FEED RESTRITION INDEPENDENTLY ALTER CATIONIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER EXPRESSION IN CHICKENS-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Humphrey, B.D., Stephensen, C.B., Calvert, C.C., Klasing, K.C. 2006. Lysine deficiency and feed restrition independently alter cationic amino acid transporter expression in chickens. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A 143:218-227.RETINOID X RECEPTOR AGONISTS INCREASE BCL2A1 EXPRESSION AND DECREASE APOPTOSIS OF NAÏVE T LYMPHOCYTES-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Rasooly, R., Schuster, G.U., Gregg, J.P., Xiao, J.H., Chandraratna, R., Stephensen, C.B. 2005. RETINOID X RECEPTOR AGONISTS INCREASE BCL2A1 EXPRESSION AND DECREASE APOPTOSIS OF NAÏVE T LYMPHOCYTES. Journal of Immunology.  175:7916-7929.PLASMA CYTOKINIES AND OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN HIV-POSITIVE AND HIV-NEGATIVE ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS: A PROTECTIVE ROLE FOR IL-10?-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Marquis, G.S., Douglas, S.D., Wilson, C.M. 2005. Plasma cytokinies and oxidative damage in hiv-positive and hiv-negative adolescents and young adults: a protective role for il-10. Trade Journal Publication.FISH OIL AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASE: IS ASTHMA THE NEXT TARGET FOR N-3 FATTY ACID SUPPLEMENTS?-(Review Article) Stephensen, C.B. 2004. Fish oil and inflammatory disease: is asthma the next target for n-3 fatty acid supplements?. Nutrition Reviews. 62(12):486-9.VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY INCREASES THE IN VIVO DEVELOPMENT OF IL-10-POSITIVE TH2 AND DECREASES DEVELOPMENT OF TH1 CELLS IN MICE-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Jiang, X., Freytag, T. 2004. Vitamin a deficiency increases the in vivo development of il-10-positive th2 and decreases development of th1 cells in mice. Journal of Nutrition. 134:2660-2666.IMMUNE ACTIVATION AND OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN HIV-POSITIVE AND HIV-NEGATIVE ADOLESCENTS-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Marquis, G.S., Kruzich, L., Jacob, R.A., Douglas, S., Wilson, C. 2005. Immune activation and oxidative damage in hiv-positive and hiv-negative adolescents. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 2005. 38(2):180-90.GLUCOSE AND CATIONIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER EXPRESSION IN GROWING CHICKENS (GALLUS GALLUS DOMESTICUS)-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Humphrey, B.D., Stephensen, C.B., Calvert, C.C., Klasing, K.C. 2004. GLUCOSE AND CATIONIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER EXPRESSION IN GROWING CHICKENS (GALLUS GALLUS DOMESTICUS). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 138:515-525.VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY INCREASES INCREASES IN VIVO DEVELOPMENT OF IL-10-PROSITIVE TH2 CELLS AND DECREASES DEVELOPMENT OF TH-1 CELLS IN MICE-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B., Jiang, X., Freytab, T. 2004. Vitamin a deficiency increases increases in vivo development of il-10-prositive th2 cells and decreases development of th-1 cells in mice. Journal of Nutrition. 134:2660-2666, 2004.U.S. YOUTH IN THE EARLY STAGE OF HIV DISEASE HAVE LOW INTAKES OF SOME MICRONUTRIENTS IMPORTANT FOR OPTIMAL IMMUNE FUNCTION-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Kruzich, L.A., Marquis, G.S., Carriquirry, A.L., Wilson, C.M., Stephensen, C.B. 2004. U.S. youth in the early stage of hiv disease have low intakes of some micronutrients important for optimal immune function. American Dietetic Association. 104(7): 1095-1101.HIV-INFECTED U.S. YOUTH ARE AT HIGH RISK OF OBESITY AND POOR DIETARY QUALITY:  A CHALLENGE FOR IMPROVING SHORT- AND LONG-TERM HEALTH OUTCOMES-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Kruzich, L.A., Marquis, G.S., Wilson, C.M., Stephensen, C.B. 2004. Hiv-infected u.s. youth are at high risk of obesity and poor dietary quality:  a challenge for improving short- and long-term health outcomes. American Dietetic Association. Vol.104 N.10:1554-1560.COMMENTARY: A HYPOTHESIS CONCERNING VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION, VACCINES AND CHILDHOOD MORTALITY-(Peer Reviewed Journal) Stephensen, C.B. 2003. Commentary: a hypothesis concerning vitamin a supplementation, vaccines and childhood mortality. International Journal of Epidemiology. 32(5):828-829.MODERATE ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTATION HAS NO EFFECT ON BIOMARKERS OF OXIDANTDAMAGE IN HEALTHY MEN WITH LOW FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INTAKES-(Peer Reviewed Journal)  ProjectsWHNRC Fiber Intervention Study: Dietary AssessmentCooperative Agreement (A)Accession Number:438315Effect of Diet on Gut Microbiome, Gastrointestinal Health, and Immune FunctionIn-House Appropriated (D)Accession Number:446030Effect of Daily Consumption of Peanuts/Peanut Butter on Immune Function and Cardiometabolic Markers and Risk Factors in Free-Living IndividualsGrant (G)Accession Number:443101Collaborative Research in Human NutritionNon-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)Accession Number:440811Assessment of Intestinal Permeability in AdultsNon-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)Accession Number:441392The Role of Honey and Small Intestine Microbes in Digestive HealthTrust Fund Cooperative Agreement (T)Accession Number:435767 ARS News ArticlesitemYoung African-Americans' Low Vitamin D Levels ReporteditemGut Bacteria from Breastfeeding Linked to Improved Infant Response to VaccinesitemVitamin A Suppresses Type 1 Diabetes in Animal StudyitemModel Predicts Individual's Vitamin D Needs
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1/13/2021

    

    
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